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ERBA L:
Hittory of PLANTS
CONTAINING
L Their Names, Greek, Latine and Engl,
II, Their Species, or various Kinds,
III. Their Defcriptions.
IV. Their Places of Growth.
V. Their Times of Flowering and Seeding,
VI. Their Qualities or Properties,
VIL. Their Specifications.
VIL Their Preparations, Galenick and ehiiioy
IX. Their Virtues and Ufes.
X. AC plete FLORILEGIUM, ofall the Choice FLO Cultivated by our FLORISTS, inter{perfed
bene the whole Work, in their proper Places ; where you have » their Culture, Choice, Yncred{e, and Way of Management, as well for “Broke as Delegation,
Adorned with Exquifite ICONS » FIGURES, of the moft con iderable Species, reprefenting to the LIFE, she true Forms of thofé Jeveral PLA
The whole i in an Alphabetical Order.
be fe .
ee || BY Ww I 4 LIAM S&LMON, M.D. ¥ ee % . LONDON:
Printed by 1. DAWKS, for H. RHODE 8, at the Star, the Corner of Bride- Line, in : Fhect-Street ; and J. TAYLOR, at the ay in Pater-moiter-Row. M. DCC. X.
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Account it more a Duiy than a Prefumption, toappear to Your Majefty, though with fuch a Trifle as the fol- -§ lowing Book ; and therefore chofe to break through’ that Difficulty, rather than to be guiltyof fucha Fault, of letting flip any Opportunity in which I might let Your Mayefty on: with whata Profound Refpet Yapproach Your Great Prefence. mt cw'h +
- Our Great Ifland, which ever fince the Memory of Man, has been divided into two diftin& Kingdoms, of different Names, Powers, Governments, Religions, Cuftoms, Affettions and: Interefts, your Majefty has United and Made one. It was whatyour Great and Royal Anceftors, with all their Power and Induftry, were never able to perform: But itwasa Work, the Honour of which, the Supreme Powers re= ferv'd for You. This UNION of the Briti/h Nations, wasan Undertaking fo Great in its Performance, fo Noble in its Kind, fo Admirable in its Effects, fo Defrable in its Good, fo Singular in its Appearances, and {0 Profound in its Strudture ; that none could have been able to have done it, but a Greatne/s of Mind like Yours: One of a Saperlative Prudence and Refolution, of an Unwearied Induftry, of an Unmatchable and Ux/baken Zeal for the Publick Good; of a Magnantmous Soul, Infpir'd with the Holy Spirit of the Immortal GOD.
You have Madam by thistl N ION, fhut up the Back-Door,
by which Great Britain was always liable to be Afiaulted ; and thereby have added a Femel more to the Imperial Crown ;
-and Adorn ‘d it with an Iz/tration, the Greateftand moft Aa defirable
THE DEDICATION | defirable in its Kind, which will be, both tathe Brisifh ies and to Your Majeftyalfo, not only an Important Security, but an Everlafting Ornament of Glory, =
Surely Madam; You who could Unite Hearts in an Eternal Bond of Friendflip, was the moft fit Inftrument to Une King- doms inone Bond of Intereftand Duty. Tomake thofe who were fo different-in Climate, Sovercigntys Religion and Manners, One Peoplt, in the Bonds of Nature and Afféétion: And to maké them, with one Foint Defign, Intention and Will, to become Que United and Faithful People, to fo Defirable anid Generous a Miftrefs. But what might not be expected from fuch a Lady, foGreat and {o Good a Queen? Whole Conjugal Friend/ip was, and is {till the Wonder of Mankind, (a Noble Pattern ‘to all the Sex) which exceeded even to Admiration, what- ever has been yet feen upon Earth: Whois it that has Senfe and. Gratitude in his Soul, would not even lay down his Life for fuch a Friend? i 3nBdo7A 4
When I confider the Admirable Hand of Providence, which has brought Your, Majefty to the Throne of the Britifh Kingdoms, and has put their Crowns upon Your Ime pertal Head, which has made Glorious Your Reign, with a Series of Wonderful Succef[es, and even Amazing Vittories, over the Moft Formidable Tyrant of the Earth ; rendring his mighty At tempts againft You, Varn and Fool/h ; notwith{tanding: his Confederacy with Deftruction, hisCovenant with Death; and his Agreement with Hell; to the Delivering You and Your People outof bis Snare, and the Eftablifhine of Your Fuft Title, upon Everlafting Foundations, againft all Pretenders whatfoever : 1 humbly proftrate my felf to that Tremendous Being. |
_ What can I fay, butthat G 0 D is with You, and that
You are an Bfpecial Objet of his Care, who thus {tedfaftly holds You as in the Palm of bis Hand : Your Sincerity, and Generous Love to Mankind, have prevail’d with that Almighty Power, who has given You a Tranferndens Portion of Wifdom, to Conduct You through the Labyrinths of Dominion and Government ; even whilft You have been Fi
é hting t Publick Enemy ofall EUROPE; and puteitig a Hak sie his Jaws, by. which You have already Tamed the Monfter
fill’d him with Shame and Cont "dh:
with Confufion of Face. Sap ecaiet him What may Icall the Infiruments of Y
have made Tou thus to prevail? Who i
our Warfare, which sit that has fet You Feet
ey a aap Oe? BS
ee ae
THE DEDICATION. ~
Feet upon the Necks of Your Enemies, and given You Strength to humble the Pride of the Lofty ¢ Who is it that has Efta- _ blifhed Your Strength,to break in Pieces the Invincible. Powers, (as they were Foolifhly called,) by which You have given a Demonftration to the World, of that. Prophanry and Vamty ? Who is it that has thus made Your Majefly to Tri» ampbh, and adorned you with the Palms of Victory ? . e _ Lis the Great and the Holy One, the Mighty Ged of Jacob, who has done all thefe things for You; to whom I make ers " Daily fpmid, Hs that he may yet Defend and Support ~ the Righteous Caufe in which You are engaged ; Diret Your | Counfels with Wifdom and Prudence ; Proper Your Arms ; wherever they are engaged ; and thatthe Angel of bis Pre~ , | fence may Attend and Condué You in all Your Ways: So that making You the Refforer of the Breaches, Youmay Efta- , blifh fuch an Univerfal Peace in Evrope,as may Recognize ~~ i Your Happy Reign, and caufe it to fhine with a moft Re- ae Splendent Lufire, to all Succeeding Ages of Time.
You Contemn Madam, the Poor and Little Artifices of Sa ;- You have a Soul too Great to think. of fuch Meanne[s, and a Spirit too Noble for the bare Thoughts ; of fuch Depraved Vilenefs : You a€t with the Magnificence - $ of Grandure, made Iuftrious with Péery, and an Unbownded id Goodne(s, repleat with all the Ornaments of Sincerity and Vertue, by which You will Live in After-Ages, and Your Name be made Immortal.. So that inftead of the Diadems
being an Honour to Your: Majefly, You are become the Exalted Honour of Royalty, and the Glory of the Purple ; which makes Your Sovereignty Shine as the moft Splendid Brightnefs, among the Herves of Time. G OD has not only made You aGreat Queen, but even the Greate/t of Princes ; and Your Early Piety, as it has ad~ vanced Youabove the beft of Women Kind ; fo it has Exalted . You above the Greateft of Crowned Heads. Your Vertues | f merit a perpetual Excomium, and your Excelling Goodne{s to your People, isthat which is never to be forgotten ; whom | you have been pleas’d to Oblige with Tranfcendent Ads of _ Kindnefs ; fo Extraordinary and Superlative in their kind, as all Sdeceeding Generations, under an Eternal Senfe of Grati- b tude, will be forced for ever to acknowledge. | You carry with Yor Madam, Majefty and Honour, and : Your Sword determines the Succelfes of War, making with eae) Tour Thunder, the World afraid ; giving Laws as ee as : Ss 6 ae a rr : , our
} 5 “~ : = a Pa a ae P -% f ty ne * * a * - > “ » 1 > of ae \ o , 4 Bory f 7 - ate ie
Remee BPS a ae | ti ‘aes ; Ws oes iets a \
ee
THE DEDICATION.
Your Dreaded Name does reach ; which makes the Tyrants of thé Earth, thofe Barbarous Murtherers of Mankind to trem- ble, and affrightens the Odfequious Slaves ta Villany. Your Triumphs are not in the Ruin of Nations and Kingdoms, __ not in Victories of Blood and Cruelty, not for Domi- |
~-nion and Sovereignty; but ¢o give Freedom and Eafeto —
Mankind, and fet the World at Liberty. ° eee.
May the High and the Lofty One, the Almighty GO D,, He by whom Kings and Queens Reign, and Princes decree Juftice, give Your Majefty a Long anda ery Life ; may He Prolong it to an Accomplifh'd Period, for the Good of Your People, to whom You have fhewn Your Self fo exceed- ingly Kind, May he Blefs You with Profperity, and give You that inward Confolation and Peace of Mind, which may as
_ Infinitely exceed all the Enjoyments of this Life, how
Great and Magnificent foever, as the Heavems are high above the Earth; and make Your Great and Wluftrious Soul, enjoy the Fullnefs of Satisfactions, to the W/timate of whatever You can defire. So that Crowning You with Glory and Honour here, You may very late Afcend, as on Eagles Wings, to thofe Eternally Serene Habitations of Peace and Tran- quility,where You may be for ever Tranfcendently Happy, So Ardently Prays — OY AEA E ier gng
Madam, . Your Majefties Moft Saribte: - Moft Faithful, AENED 4 ao Moft Obedient we Sabje and Servant,
.. WILLIAM SALMON.
at j
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ae ite
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. Le, Ce, r = ~ ott a > - . i A - . a) J a «
. 2 ae Ee art a a ee
univerfal Hiftory
$2 , maft Known, ‘am by Lge Ujeful in Meat
. "Tes Word gh
cipally ed and Intended. © °° ~~
| Defigned a SANA eter Anyi bBo BIS IL. As to the Authors made ufe of in this Under-
taking, we fhall not be fo vain as to enumerate them
all, “twould be to no Purpofe , and yet it will be
Neceffary for the Creditof the Book, to give you
an Account of the Chief of thofe, in Treating of
each Plant, whofe Leaves we were obliged continu.
ally to turn over.
Ill. The Authors we made molt ufe of in Com- poling this Herbal, were thefe following, viz.
uhinus, Brunfelfius , Czfalpinus, Camerarius, Clufius, Diofcorides, Dodonzus, Durantes, Fuch- fius, Johnfon on Gerard, Lobel and Pena, Loni- cerus, Lugdunenfis, Matthiolus, Parkinfon, Ruel- lius, Schroder, Tabernemontanus, Theophraftus, and Tragus. Thefe, I fay, were thofe which were chiefly confulted, and without whom, we paffed not off from the Difcourfe of any Plant: But we cannot Say thefe were all, for occafionally as it fell in our way, and where fome particular Occurrences requi- red it, we bad recor to many others, more than
“twice that number befides, without the Help of
which we could not have fo ee? performed what we bere Prefent you withall.
IV. As to the Hifforical Part, we could not much deviate, but were obliged te follow the moft cele- brated Authors of this Subje@, viz. in their Names, Kinds, Defcriptions, Places of Growth, and Times of Flowering and Seeding. In their Names, we
ave given you the molt ufual, and thofe chiefly by wohich the Plant (in all Ages) has been molt known and called, whether Arabick, Greek, Latine, or Englith ; in doing of which, we ope we have in fome meafure rettified the Latine Nomenclature, which, even in all our Dittionaries, has hitherto
been very Faulty and Imperfeit.
: ae on mi | Aap oo Se ey y Ket >} - | Yo ted
3 i H b ee ~ ‘Sees ae swag
‘poor! hie the WOR = Aa ‘ d a) ? ‘ " P, T.. Of t €'. aS R Woy chy yey ayir len)
¢ Pretend not bere 10 an- Plants, fe but chiefly to fucb as are |
Al i Pryfcing, Chr ibe Publick Good ia “n
ete ee Phe “Tt
~ ar >
: s\ q
we PY ath a ¢ a 3
Se, wettest Ae a Bee = § hots ci: Se es dh oe Ppt felf, ap . RHE wat Woe AER eae, 1 Vatwi sgn Cay 5S yA gi at Ve ¢ Rid icyatecs Bee acy mene Sees bs. ve & th (gt the Kinds of any Plant, we wn we : any other Authors, becaufe thofe wbich ‘we, bar ted, an Englith Reader, may not pof- Stbly come to the Knowledge or Sight of in- Ages, they growing in Foreign and Far-dy Countries, as Turkey,, Perfia, ja, the Mo- luceas, China, €%c.\ Befides, having no known Vir-
tues or Ufes affiened to them, but only their Names
and Defcriptions, we.thought they would. only take
up room, end. rathervencumber the Book, than add any real. Excellency or Advantage to it; confiderin it was chiefly defign'd for the Benefit and Ufe of th
Prattical Phyfician.
VIL. As.to the Deferiptions, we fay they are the Same asin other Authors, little or nothing differ- ‘ing from thofe in Bauhin, Clufius, Dodonzas, Fuchfius, Gerard, Johnfon, Lugdunenfis, Matthi- olus, Parkinfon, Tabetnzmontanus, and Tragus: ‘But we bave almoft every where reversd the Or- der of Defcribing ; for whereas pe oa times be- gin at the top or jd parts of a Plant, and fo go downwards to the Root, we on the contrary, gene- rally begin at the Root, firft Defcribing it, and fo afcend upwards to its Stalks, Leaves, Branches, Flowers and Seed, or Fruit, which we take to be the moft natural Order or Method.
VEL As to the Places of the Growth of Plants, may be very uncertain, becaufe, where they have been found toGrow in great plenty, in former Ages or Times, the foatfteps of the fome Plant is not to be found now. In fome places where I have found feveral Plants to Grow as Natives of the fame, twaben 1 was a Youth, now in my prefent dea clining Years, there are no remainders of them to be found. The Fégyptian Arum, or Pfeudocolo- cafia, which we now call the Carolina Eddo, (be- caufe thereevery where planted) did formerly Grow plentifully in egypt, which 1 Suppose was its Na- tive place of Growth, and was there planted for their ufe in Meats, and for Food : Now our late Travellers fay, it has not for fome Ages been known to Grow there at all. But tis poffible that it has been negletied and difufed: Yet 1 am of Opinion, that if it were diligently fought after, fome remains
of it might be found. again, It grows in vaft plenty a in
' dave given you the various Preparations of each
i INTRODUCTION.
XII. The Zaft thing which I hall bere take notice of, is more matter of Ornament, than any thing of Neceffity, which I bave done for the fies of all fuch as are lovers of Flowers, and of a Flower- Garden: It is a compleat FLORIL EGIUM, of all or moft of the Choice#lowers, which are Cul- tivated j# Englandby our FLORISTS : This és not done as a particular Work by it felf, but is inter{perfed thro’ the whole Book, each Flower in its proper place of the Alphabet, where you will have their Culture, Choice, Increafe, and feveral ways of Management, as well for Profit as Dv- lectation ; a noble foil iss but never brought
m Carolina, where it is a great part of their Food and Living, but it profpers only as under the Planters Hands ; for foould they neglett it, it would quickly be totally loft in that Country too.
— VII. We have every there age ad various Qualities of each Plant, ‘by which, an‘Eftimate. may be given in Grofs, of their Virtués, and to what Difeafes they may be properly applyed, or may be seine againft : The confideration of which, alone, is of mighty a Ufe to the Pratfical Phyfician becaufe they indicate to the Mind or Underftanding, to what various Purpofes gd Iatents they may be cohverted fe in what ifeafes they may Se j i ee | 9 ‘gin Se Ts Ge BS.
it. - es a“ re ~:
into a cforg this. # fi * TON 1 A! IX. How thefe Qualities are to be applyed to Difeafes, may be eafily exemplified : 1 know it may be objetted by fuch as are Ignorant of Medical Qualities and Indications,-that- many
at 35 ae ee Of the Greek Names of Plants.
T Firft entrance upon this Work, we thought A to bave given you the known Greck Names of all the Herbs and Plants defcribed in this Her- bal, ia the order they were treated of 5 but finding that it would bave been too tedious.a Labour, and an Undertaking that would not have anfwerd the End, and that withall, befides the taking up of room, it would bave mightily encombred the Dif- courfe, we in a manner wholly declined the fame : However, for the fakes of all fuch as are Lovers of the Greek Tongue, and defirous to call the Species of cach Plant by its proper Appellation in that Lan- guage, we have in the body of this Work, given you the known Greek Name or Names of each Ge- nus, and the various Latine Epitbites, by which the differing Species of that Plant ought to be diftin- guifhed ; by which, applying to thofe feveral and various Latine Epithites, (which are in this place ranked Alphabetically) the Greek Words anfwer- ing to them, you will have the complicated Greek Names, as full and compleat, as if we bad feverally perfetied them, in the order of their feveral Chapters.
X.-Thro? the whole Book in every Chapter, we
Plant, both Galenick and Chymick, which may be made of them, which is a thing never performed any other Author before me. This Si right. A. confidered, gives you the whole Refult of the Plant, and ia a few Words teaches you bow it is to be ufed and applyed, in all the Cafes, and to all the Diftem- pers to which it may be appropriated : But that this may be more perfectly underftood, we particularly Exemplify the whole thereof, in this. prefent Intro- duction ; in thofe feveral Forms, both Galenick and Chymick, and that to the Capacities of Such as are Ignorant of the Medical Arts.
1. Acer, cris, cre. Sbeapvs, usia, wv.
2. Aculeatus, a, um. KTOWTES, TI, Toy. XAVTUTIKES, Kily KdV
3. Agreftis, tis; te.
OS, Ys voy
4. Agrius, a, um. ayeQ, ta, tov.
5» Albus, a, um, Aevncs, xd, xdv
6. Anguftus, a, um. Sevos, BH, vey. -
7- Anguftifolius, a, um. cevogurnrG, Ad, Ac¥e
8. Aquaticus, a, um, sud ess, CFs €5Ve USurod ns, us, €6. G1AUD C95, xy Ophea
g. Arboreus, a, um. Lev gowis, xd, xdv.
10. Aromaticus, a, um. A SOMMTINIS, Ny KAYe
XL Having gone all this, when we come to exe plicate upon the Virtues, we do not give you the Vir- iues of the Plant in Grofs (for that is before done in its en but fhew you particularly, bow all thefe feveral Preparations are (in every Difeafe ) 10 be ufed and applyed, which as it never was 8: before me, by any other Author, So I think it is of univerfal Ufe in the Art and Pratice of Phyfick : It is performed fo as to anfwer every particular and fingular Preparation, and in a Stile So fuil and plain, that the meane Underftanding cannot eafily miftake me; by which weans it is accommodated to ihe Ufe of the Vulgar, tho? they underftand little on nothing of the Art of Phy fick: 11. Ag:
INTRODUCTION. ii Il. Arvus, a, um. (ager inculeus ) ss ‘Flavus, a, um. . éymeyntG-, tH, Tor. Eardes, 33, Sov. unrwG, ms Fore
wo. Alper, era, erum. reaneds, “iss &. TALUS, Kehdy KU.
13. Autumnalis, lis, le. omwewds, te wes.
B. i4. Bambacinus, a, um. BauCaxives, | WH, Yor. 15. Barbatus, a, um. sumer, yor, ¥e- : 16. Bafili um. Beanie ia, i 17. Beneditus, a um. suA09 nTésy Thy Ty. - HaxgerTnss Tis, Tee. 18. Bromofis, a, fam. i. foetidus. B » MS; £6. 19. Bulbofus, a, um. Bord ney ney €s. 20. Byffi inus, a, um. hicorG, mm, vor.
> .
i 21. Geraius, 3° Sat
Garacornds, hy aii. 22. Cxrulzus, a, um. nvueveG, vay veer. 23. Campeftris, Tis, re. aodai@, Tey tov. 24. Caninus, a, um. xuvINDS, xi, nave 25. Cavus, a, um. — KotaG, am, Aoye 26. Circularis, ris, re. KURAINIS, HM, KOPe 27. Communis, nis, ne. x0In C$, Vy Vor. 28. Coronarius, ia, ium. SepaveTrrAoKG-, Kip Hor. 29. Crematus, a, um. Weevelo¢, Ty Toys 30. Cyaneus,. a, um, HUvInes, KD '. nar.
D.
31. Declivis, vis, ve.
rn KaTLVING, TNS, TFs
32. Dentus, a, um. | ewunvis, vi, Vor. 33. Dentatus, a, um. adov|ai dus gy $6 34- Dulcis, cis, ce. oes: C3 eh , ex, ex. v4 Me, ftir $. Dupl um. 3 Peaee % Ag. DardaQ, tay tore 7- Dumofus, a, um. a'ygvbadns, 6s &e
; 7 a Falfu a ol cage Bi ris te
41. Foemineus, a, um. _— Saaunds, xd, ker 42. Foemininus, a, um, SHru@-, sets s0¥. 43. Fontalis, lis, le. } @npiG, ta, Tor = 4 44 Frucicolis, a.m 7 gaa F ty NS, ts. Sty 45. u um. KJ ofan iS, nih Ee m 46. ibber, a, um wan Tu uberus, 2, ume . | ae, (taps ¥ £ : 47. Glaber, a, um. be say oon a a 48. Giadialis ie ke; que Mucronatus, 9% ma 1 sEtSuxe@, TH TH 9. Gramineus,a,um. 4 verde, Wake a an SQ r 5°, Guttatns, a, um. sarax Seis, sand, iy.
—_— se
"as Ficfotas.a, oth «
AdaQrs tay soy.
- §2. Hirtus, a, um, duos, Ha v. PENH. .% .
53. Hortenfis, fis, fe. : ‘ . ’ xnreu](s, TH, Tov. ?
54. Hortenfius, a, um. iusc@-, E%, en. wets te Let
Humi phe poarE rire .
L
56. Incanus, a, um. OAS y seve { Incomparabilis, li le 37° driyteie Re be 8. Infrequens/ ens. . al, he 107, i iFNs, NS, Soe , ; Incultus, a, um. 4 4, eyo il@, rH, Tove "68: Indicus, a, um. ak, r. Wdxas, xd, Kav : 61. Junceus, a, um. : (Cxomedus, Sy $6- 62. Juncifolius, a, um. Cxcsvbguar@, ai Ame
L.
63. Laciniatus, a, um. Laciniofus, a, um, KOATIIUS, DNS, AVSe 64. La€teus, 2, um. 1v6$5 vi, any 65. Lavis, vis, ve- n~G, ia, Tov. 66. Latifolius, a, um. araldquaa@-, age Aows
gupdquaaG, am, Aor.
SS a 2S SS SST
iv INTRODUCTION. a = i: we ee 2. Planus, a um. : 67. Latus, a, um.” % ates ; Asides, SNS, hee J ce tay si 93. Pratenfis, fisy fe. . tA +s. 68, Litorais, lis, Jel AAGENGs seoNlige dv are* " Litoreus, a, | 94 Pamilus, qa d's, 05, i asi in . vdyG-, vn, ware ; wees or mt Oy varedus, dns, Ses 69. eer as um. on 95. Purpureus, a, um. oe v moeeupecs, pea, of
71, Latens, 4, wee, £ ‘Bile " >
, eds ei. aban ‘> 4
$ ; nesnaddvg, Ms, GBP AE EPA Earls, O, bre exe eds PUrra bs .ySeos . = ree Web g BY pa ARE 8°. t f M.-:y by @iysava De pa eae
GA 234
72 see oe
b>, w se 1 Ne a ge 74 Mae a a i ae
Bo um”
75° ney ot A WINS
80. Minor, nor, nus. OV, QV, oO”, WV, OV, b. ’ iadrTey, ay, Oe 81. Minimus, a, um. P 4; , TMs 7. cA 2; 82. Montanus, a, bewbs, vi, Pov. 83. Multiplex, lex, lex. 00S, Oy OOF.
Vads us, diss a 85. Nemorenfis, is Ny ds adradd'ns, 0 yo U PETS Uaivis, why Vere a Urwiu, Hits 40Ve 86. Nemorofis, a, um, Vrwidns, dns, , dts. adacad us, dns, dtfe Laron } 87. Niger, gta, grum. | oa!) tie * , Utdaas, AMV, Ade ately 88. Nothus, a, um. VG, On, Ve 89. Nad a uM. | ves, vi, viv. Abs, Ally a nde Po -
.
90. Palufter, tris, He..< 2uadi
Paluftris, trig, tte. ales, dns, Sg, frrG, Wy l0te 5
93. Parvus, a, um ely
bared er 3 ar ain Kir. © :
euselaniS
‘,
on ua 96. Quadratus, pi um. Const Teed ev; -yn, vOy> iat wor
97: Quinguefotins, ay UM. mwrigurar@, Mbp dats of o
Sv TOD eth Tispen
UDI , - & ot rc rst CF (3 2 "os tore A 98. Racematus, & um Clu ves Corpuaisus, , EH ; 99. Ramofus, a, um.. terddns, dng, dee. ib vu
mrvzaad'@-, Jn, Dy. 100. foe & a, um oa uafi, infrequens. NQ-, se, t
10I. Repens, ens) ens,
few, WY, OF. 102. Rotundus, a uth.
FesyWra@, dn,’ rev. 103, mie, bray brum,
s0ulegs Ve se . . 104. Babe - a
eregevbis, Ont, fe
S.
105, Sativus, a, um. anmwris, Thy roy: ere, un, wore 106. Saxatilis, lis, ke. mresiG-, 7 Tat Toye 107. Scaber, b bra, brum. feransG, 4 beg bey. 108. Serratus, ay um. Tewvarss, Thy Ty.
109, Siliquofus, a5 um.
Akad ns, dus, des. 110, Simplex, lex, lex. admats, Mi Abr. 111. Spicatus, a, um. Tra XUNEIs, dy Eire 112. Spinofus, a, um. 2 dulddng, dues Ses. 113. Spurius, as um. . UmCranrG-, Ti, Tey. e & 114. Stellatus, a, um. . dseses, €23a, EVs asesinis, xy nore 115. Suavis, vis, ve. a6 ndvs, deia,. oy . 116, Sylvelter,
Sylveftris, ; tris, ‘tre, bpet@-, say tore
=v
117. Tenuis, is, e. Aswris, 7), ‘ty. 118, Tenuifolius, a, um. AsariguarG,, a AP, -
119. Terreftris, ri
xsd, cia, in, imu, Why 10Ye 120. Terre-
*
ENTRODUCTION Ee
tf [| V. Cold Medicaments are fuch, as cool our Bodies van | being over-heat,; by any adventitious or accidental
4206 _ Terrenisy a um.? PICs
sy Liss sh Bert inte Ve Focth-od i Sins
en Sion fF ae as ROP. eo “a Sisieet Caufes. yy? Ab ete Tu pA OMe. adv zsicrye Sine Their Ufes rice 13 td tod Whe Barts or Bowels. ot ashwAs guys Sy, Sig .des- 2 ot Gaet oe eis one 2. ate das 3 8p 33 thicken Humours. Ss ee ue yt pees 7. bas Ath tnss an pbs ; RAM tae ope f cg gam 25m EP veh, A leawaer a Mee ha bles. teb.» to Gt mt oath’ iA tego a. , id WW Ww isk ghee i:
“y32. Vi ae 2 haisaw 122. i, yi, a wt tar yrs . - a i
— daubivos, mi, + SFX AS aa! von | whe 123. Joins: sie ae
yw ar oy) aalis f — Peg pope sie S3Va ee rane | Me Vulgaris, eds stot Gas anit RN Nba ab politi atin 2 ABUL HSS C4 Covtios Sarin bine & vie ce sy woutwlehsh: fe inks Caw hsb. oT Aa ATA oe tre ht vai alitso.2nes ff i rere whos | sbhawe 9}, hen fam
hi Se WH
ae! «ky Go 2G st 8 Vie it wy ; “y Lng a Yer piss: “9 tah syst 4 .
¢ H A P. III. Avi deriind
OF « the Fir oft alien et 2qvIEMON IO) E37 MEDICINES,
ao) At “i, /
+ pee s
LPHE Qualities 2 of Melcemenrs are. five: rary according , 0 their Temperaments. 2. As: they are shade. P As: they- aré Ap- propriate. 4. As they Diminifb fomething. 5. As ae Add or Reftore fometbing all. wie Dinalitias
we come now to saphicite MOM } H to Ms nt te | Il. The Tem, cranes, of Wedicanemis.cr are ee sages sag the Skin.
old, confidered, they are perfettl Tem. | oo viz. neither Hot nor Cold, Ber Moift. | 2. As “they are Hot...3» As they are Lold. 4, As they are Dry, 5. As they are ay iff. In the. four loft of which, there are wor 10 be 4, Degrees, re- ceding from their en al, ver. gt. An Herb which is Hot, may be bot in the firft fecond, third, or fourth: Degree of fin Again, from the four prime
Qualities, thefe alfo proceed, viz. that a Medica- ment, 1. as it is oly may be hot and dry, or hot and
molt 2 2. As it is Cold, alfo cold and dry, or cold an moi ; and thefe likewi ufe in all the ss De- |
grees of Temperature,
Ill, Temperate . Medicaments are Tis which work no change at all, in refpet of heat, coldnefs, dry- ntfs, or moifiure. Py
Aad theje may be Temperate in fome refpett. | 1. As being neither bot nor cold, and yet may be moift or dry. 2. As being neither moift nor dry, and yet may be bot or cold. Their Ufe-is, where there. are. no apparent Excefes of the. four other Qualities ; to preferve. the Body Temperate, con- ferve Strength, and reftore decayed Nature.
Thi in the fot De ret ualify tbe Pt ~ rhe ot of sede Spirit, * Cold i chi i, e y abate Te
nd Dei 100 are Ma ihe in tbe thir Pies. are ase
exffioe, and drive back the Matter, ‘repress § weat, and keep the anit 4 rom Fainting. Cold in the He J the a cafe gee
Fourth Degree , Pains, and are ufed in rin chings. ake
X, Things dry inthe fur, Tests Strengthen: In the fecond Degree, Bin In the third Degree, flop Fluxes, and reflore in Confumptions. Ia the fourth Degree, flop Catarrbs, and all Fluxes of Blood.and Humours, are bighly Stiptichy and ay
up a fuper-abuadancy of mo} ufture,
“KI. Things moift in the firft Degree, are oppo Jed to drying in the fame Degree: They odes the. Body, and Parts dryed. In the fecond degree, they Lenify, loofen the Belly, and make /lippery. In the third degree, they Smooth the roughnefs of | the Wind-pipe. In the fourth degree, ihey cure a
conftipation of the Bowels.
IV. Hot eT -maiety (and fo alfo Cold are confidered in refpell of our Bodies, and mot of them- |» XX. Thus Medicines alter according to their Selves: For ‘bale Simples are called Hot, swobrch beat Temperature Whofe atfive Qualities are Heat our Bodies. and Cold ; ae by them Difeafes are faid to be era- dicated. The Paffive are dryne/s and moifture, and
Their Ufes are, 1..To make the offending Hu- mour thin, to be expelld by Sweat, or thro? the they are fubfervient to Nature.
Pores. 2. To belp Concottion. 3. To warm and
comfort the Vifcera. 4. And by outward applica- tion, 10 difcufs Tumors. 5. Ur raife Bhiflers ; make Cayteries, S&C. according ta the degrecs of nik A A,
Heat. , AD. ae
wa. eT
ROD
CHAP. W...
Of the Second Qualities.
LiPo HE. fecond Qualities. of Medicaments :are ie pig sot paar @bich alter the | Habit and Conftntian of the Body, as it bas a re- | Spe to the Blood, Lympha, Serum, and other Humours of the fame, and thefe Alteratives are confidered as they are Medicaments Intemnally ufed, or Externally: applyed. send isa
IL. Of Internal Alteratives Authors have made iny Titles ; but she Whole of the Matter is. com- prebended under the thirteen following. Appella-
tions, viz, 1. Aperitives. 2. Ab ves, 32 Ae
ftringents. 4. ye gg 5. Incifives. 6. Cate.
minatives. 7. Anodyns. 8.. Narcoticks. 9: Be- chicks. 10. Solutives. 11. Attenuaters, 12. Coa-— gulatives. 13. Confortatives. Luge
IML. Of External Alteratives, we have thefe fol-. lowing fourteen, viz. Stypticks, Hemoptoicks, or esata 2. Anodyns.. 3. Repercuf- fives. 4. Difcuffives.. 5. Emollients. 6. At- aactives 7. Suppuratives. 8. Corrofives, or |
Pyroticks. 9. phpetiyes. to. Abfterfives. ux. |:
Jncarnatives. 12. Agglutinatives. 13. Cicatrizers.
UCTION. VII. 4. DIGESTIVES. Thefeare fuch as Concolt the Food in the Stomach, and are all na- turally bot ; for it is Heat which caufes Concottion, and excites the natural Fermentotion in the Sto- mach, by which a good Chylus is made, in order to Sanguification, and Nourifbment of the Body : Yet Some things may caufe Digeftion, which are not na- turally hor, but cold, and may excite the natural
beat, » may of Antiperiftafis, whereby the fulpbu-
‘reous Particles in the Stomach are more fermented
and heat, or fet a boiling... -
VII. 5. INCISIVES...They are fuch things as pierce into and cut tough Matter, which is not eafy to be broken, or féparated into parts,
| fuch are Fuice of Limons, Vinegar, and all acid things
which by their points enter intoand make a divifion,
not a diffolution, whereby tough Elegm, ond tarta-
rous or vifcous Matter, is prepared Tor Abfterfives,
and fo made fit either to be expettorated by the
Mouth, or expelPd by Urine and Stool. Thefe,
pe hot or cold, are of very thin and fubtil arts. ‘oe > ae.
IX. 6 CARMINATIVES. Thefe are Medicaments which fpread, difcufs; or expel Wind, and.are generally hot and dy, and of very thin and Subtid Parts, as ‘ains. of the Sto- mach and Bowels, the Cholick, and other Indifpo- fitions whatever caufed of Wind, as Vapours, Hy- pochondriack Pains, Hyfterick Fits, &c.
X. 7A NODYNS, or PAREGORICKS.
i
as el : Of all which we fhall treat in | Thefe are eafers of Pain , which tho? they do
order. ; “L Of Internal ALTERATIVES.
Iv. 1 APERITIVES. qieloveresfech Medicaments as open the Obftrudtions of. the Vifcera, as Stomach, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Glands, Mefentery, Inteftines, Reins, and Womb. Th are all hot at leaft in the fecond Degree, for the moft part in the third, and many times in the fourth degree , of very ee and thin parts, for without heat there can be no rarefattion, and without ra- refattion, no opening of the obftrutted Bowels.
V. 2 ABSTERSIVES. Thefe are ~cheanfers, which after opening Obftruttions of , the affeled Parts, cleanfe them, by taking away the Recrements which obftrutted them, being the fuper- fluities of the Blood, Lympha, and other Juices, and without which work be done, all that Aperi- tives or Openers do, is done in vain. They bave a eich and tenuity of Subftance, and it is not any great matter whether they be Hot or Cold, by reafon neither quality (if not exceffive ) binder their Altion. They alfo remove glutinous and clammy Humours in the Superficies, or adbering to the Pores of the Skin and Ulcers.
VI 3. ASTRINGENTS. Thef are Binders, and are generally dry in the fecond and ahird Degrees, whether they be bot or cold 5 they are Stypticks, and in fome meafure conftipate the Bowels in Fluxes, dry up Fluxes of Humours, bel; Catarrh, and firengthen the Tone of the Stomac and other Bowels, when over Lax, or weakned by long Defluxions, over much moifture, or the vebe- mency of any inveterate Difeafe; and are therefore often given in the end of a Cure,
not a Cure Difeafes, yet alt in order there- to, they regarding the Pain chiefly, while both Caufe and Difeafe are remaining, Ibey are of thin Parts, and\are moderately bot, feldom exceeding the fir Degree, and rarefacient , and fo Digefting, Concotting, Diffipating, Extenuating, and in fome meafure Evacuating, whatever Humour is sharp, tough, or grofs, by it alcalious property abforbing the acritude of the Matter, contain’d in any Cavity, or its Pores.
XL. 8 NARCOTICKS. The are ftupifying Medicines, and eafe Pain, not by miti- gating it, but by Stupifattion; not by taking away
| the Caufe, but by Obftruttion of the Animal Spirits
for the time. Yet Stupor 1s fomerhing Mb than Infenfibility, or the provocation of Senfe: They are alfo called Hypnoticks and Somnificks , becaufe they induce Sleep. Thefe being taken too liberally, or to exces, caufe Death, as all Opiates, if im- moderately dofed. They are to be adminifired at Such times, when the Symptoms are fo grievous, as to threaten a greater danger than the Difeafe.
XIL: 9. BECHICKS. ai are aid a abate or eafe Coughing. And they are things which incraffate thin Humours, flop Defluxtons, and fo eafe the Cough. Narcoticks of the middle kind, are agreeable to to the Breft and Lungs ; which if they are cold, they na thin Humours, and flop Coughing, and efpecial pet as are much Narcotick, or Stupifying : But fuch things as are bot and of thin spar, and extenuating, which expetto= rate tough Humours, oft’times eafe it. :
XI 10. SOLUTIVES. = Thee are Loofning Medicines, not fuch as are Purging, but by their bot and morft Qualities, keep the Body fo- iuble , they not only open the Pores of the Vifcera or Entrails but in fome meafure removing —
3 ;
one, oe e e's; as do Nitrous Salts, Soluble Salt of Tart : ey :
Subftance, do not differ from thofe which are Ab-} XVIL 1. STYPTICK S, HEMOPTOICKS
— es
Sterfive, but in degree.” For thefe things which | or Antihemorragic Thefe are fuch things cleanfe the Pores and inward Paffages, have a reat | flop Bleeding ay it part Q the Body cero ~tenuity of Parts, and are moderately Aftritive, \ are for the moft part cold, at leaf} temperate which cleanfe, and as ut were feemingly Purge the | ceeding drying and repulfive: For things which are &reater Paffages, yet withall Strengthen the fame. | cold, repel, and many of them coagulate, of thicken Some things are Soluble y lenifying, as Fat things, | and fo if they have a craffitude of Parts, as things and fome by wafbing an abjterfion, as Whey, ‘So- | acerb and auftere. And Medicines vehemently dry- € futive Waters, New Beer and Ale, &c. ing, which are Afiringent, repel alfo, becaufe they ; thicken the Blood and Lympha: Theve, if they be y
XIV. 1, ATTENU ATERS. Thefe | of thin parts, much conducé to ABriion « are fuch things as make thin, and are of hot sm ity pticks have a crafftude of Bod, Pope pod thin Parts, and fo extenuate &rofs and tough Hy. | fon they then cannot cafily penetrate the more re- mours, and are for the moft part bor and dry in the |. mote Parts, precluding the b; ages ; therefore thofe Second and third degrees, as things Sharp, Picquant, | which have a thinne/s of Su france, are rather to and Aromatical, generally they are firong provo. | be chofen, unlefs the caufe lies in the. Juperficies. Rers of the Terms, becaufe they make the Blood \ as in all Srefb and bleeding Wounds. §¢ pticks are and Lympha, more thin and fuuid : They a faci- | indeed the higheft Aftringents, and A and if hitate the Delivery of Women in Labour, bringing | joined with Narcoticks, tranfcend in the bighe/t . forth both Birth and Afterbirth. Hereto belong | degree: v Inciders of Vifcid Humours, which are more Strong. ‘ . And Diflolvers of what is Grumous and Coagulated, XVIIL 2. ANODYNS ; or PAREGORICKS, as Sal Volatile Oleofum, and all Alcalious and Vo. | Thefe are eafers of Pain; and are moderately Tatile Salts and Spirits, Al/o Extenuants, or wafters | hot, viz. in the Jir, degree, not much exceeding of the Fat Subftance, and Grofs Parts of the Body.| temperate, and of thin Parts, and rarefacient : So And Laxatives, which are Solutives, and moderately | by opening the Pores, they Evacuate, Rarefy, Ex. bot, moift, and thin. The ufe of Attenuating | ‘ezwate, Digeft, and Concoff 3 equally encountring Medicines, # previoufly in order 15 open the Ob- | whatever Humour, # either fhar » Cold, grofs, or ftruttions of the Bowels, Lungs, and Womb. tough, inbering in the Pores, or ear adjacent
ease Srieved Parts, which by ear of the obftruttion
XV. 122 COAGULATIVES, Thefe | of the Pores, could not find are fuch as make thick, being contrary to thofe | they are aqueous or moifiening, and acreal or of things, which make thin or a ey make | fubtil Subjtance, not in the leaft Aftringent. But.
Rheum and Humours, tough and thick.; and Jo are | there are Some Cold Anodyns, which are Such as
accounted either cold or temperate. They are gi- | give cafe in Tumours, or Pains caufed from great a ven in Colds, Coughs, and vehement Catarrhs and | beat. Again, Anodyns are Said to be Proper or * Diftillations, whereby the Flegm or Rheum being | Improper. Proper, are Such as we have already coagulated or thickned, it is made more Jit for Ex- | been treating Py I
petioration : They alfo take away the Sharpnefs of | Narcoticks, made of Opiates, Henbane, Hemlock, the Blood and Lympha, and thicken it, whereby they | Mandrakes, Nightfhade, &.
frop the overflowing of the Loches and Terms in
Wenge and perfettly gad againft a Diabetes, XIX. 3. REPERCUSSIVE S. Thefe
They alfo flop too muc. Sweating, and the difpo- | are Repelling Medicaments, ‘which drive back the
Sition of the Spirits, which often happen to fuch as | Humour. They are generally cold and drying, and are Weak, and in Confumptions. of grofs Parts ; for that which is cold, repels, and :
- XVI 13. CONFORTATI VES. Thefe | force, as that which is acerb or auftere. Thofe - are Strengtheners of the univerfal Man, of the | things alfo repel which are Aftringent, if they have Spirits as well as the Body ; and are Senerally of | alfo a or of Parts, for the sme of their hot, dry, aftringing, and Subtil Parts, that they | Subftance, ion. And may warm thofe Parts which are cold 3 dry and con- | therefore other things which are Afttittive, by rea- firm thofe which are weakned by too much moifture , | fon of the thickne/s of their Subjftance, cannot eafily bind or fiop the too ee a the Pores, by which | penetrate the more remote Parts, precluding the : » the Spirits are diffipated 5 and of fubtil and vola- | Paffages. And hereto Defenfatives, and Intercipi- _~ tile Parts, that the may unite with or join, the | ents may be reduced, being Cold, Aftringent, and eS Natural, Vital, and. Animal Spirits, to revive and | Repulfive. The éy by their Coldnefs , repel the exbilerate them. But fometimes, when the Body is | Humour , and by their Afttingency, firengthen the : weakned by beat and drynefs, cold things may be. | Part affiiéted. come Confortatives, by overcoming thofe Qualities by which the Body is meakned 3 and fo we fee thaSpi- | XX. 4.DISCUS SIVES. Thefe are fuch as rits and Oils of Nitre,Salt,Sul phur,end Vitriol,Lime | re/olve the Matter contained in thePart. They are mo- juice Juice of Limons, €c. Confortatives 27 the | derately hot, with @ tenuity cf Parts, and very ugheft degree, where the Body bas been weakned | little reficcant or drying : for as Difeuffives rare= by Hellic and continual Fevers, and other bot and | fy and make thin, caufing the Matter to be d ffipe - dry Indifpofitions, not eafily t0 be expreffed in few | tedy Jo exceffve beat does condenfate and dry ; words. bes: whereas moderate beat opens the Pores, or Pajja- wei, tgs ges, and deeply penetrating, by the tenuity of its ain, ‘ Sul agce, opens the Pores, attenuates the Mutter, an bf? cafes the Pain. ‘Their ufe therefore is, oar 1 1, Loopen the Pores. 2, To attenuate the Matter,
oat ’
7 » + ¢ ce + 4 =) Seen Se or 7 ee a . i
ee
There is alfoa fharp and biting Epulotick, rd
_Eefh, no farther than only to convert it into Skin.
i
INTRODUCTION. chiefly by. the latter, and for the moft part by too much seb and therefore the Medicaments « prices to the Head and Brain,. are gener. , at and dry, and of very fubtil, thin, and volati Parts, for etbere thy could bave peapiiion 2, upon thofe Parts.. To thefe fome add Ptarmicks, and Sternutatories ; "tis true, thefe will purge the Brain and Head from a world of pituitous, cold, and moift Recrements, but thefe are mot proper Cephalicks, for what they do,.is by the Virtue of — their violent heat, and firong attratlive powers Whether there be any.coo. ing Cepbalie sis a doubt, if cooling things affedd the Head and Brain, they do it fimply, either. by their cold Quality, or by ig
Care of én Ulcer, which conjoins the fides of an Ulcer, before brought together. And Ulcers re- quire a greater degree of drying than Wounds, not only to confume wobat flows out, but alfo what re- mains liguid in the Elefh. .
_XXIX. 13. CICATRIZERS, or Epulo- ticks. Thefe are. fuch things as skin a Wound, Sore, or Vicer. They dry and bind without biting ; abforbing the humidity of the Elefh, contratting it with a Skin, or a thin Callus like unto a Skin, and therefore are more drying than Incarnatives or _Glutinatives : For thefe bind, ona conftipate, and indurate; being cold, and of a thick Subjtance.
other Parts over-heated, which by Sympathy or Confent, affett the Head. - " .
IV. 2 NEUROTICKS. Thee are Nervous Medicaments, and are all hot and dry, Srom the fecond even to the fourth degree, of a very thin Subjiance and penetrative Parts, without which they could not pierce and affetd the Nerves, to cafe oe extravagant Pains, as in Cramps an prea fions, or to warm, comfort, and firengthen them ‘as in Palfies, &c. they. ought 10 be very fubtil a volatile, that they may agree with the Animal Spi- rits, and as it were recuperate them. liar ufe is both Internal, given in hae proper vebicle, and External, being applyed to the Parts affected, and all along down the Spine or Back-Bone, from whence all the Nerves vg the , extream Parts, as well as fome others fpring. They. very, much agree in their Qualities with ee becaufe the Root or Original of all the Nerves thro the mbolé Body, arife from the Brajn. a
VY. 3. STOMACHICKS, or Stomach Medicaments.. Thefe oe Sues as open Obfirultions in the Stomach, cafe its Pains, and firengthen its Tone. may be either hot or cold, and fo af fet the Part, according to the dndipaoroe which attends it. 1+ When it is obftrutted, the Appetite is diminifbed or depraved, with a kind of naufeouse nefs concomitant: And this is remedied chiefly by acid Aperitives. 2. When it is pained, or there is a fickne{s at Stomach, it is commonly from being either over-heated, and then cooling Stomachicks are to be given, or over-cooled, and then bot Stomaa chicks are to be exhibited ; or from vehemently acid or fharp Humours in it, and then Abforbents, or fixt Alcalies, will be chiefly of ufe. 3. When us Tone is weakned, or burt, then the Digeftion is bad, the Concottion is weak, and fo a bad Chy- ‘lus is generated ; whence the Retentive Faculty is alfo many times profligated, and whence proceed Sometimes the Scurvy, and Rheumatick Pains, or the Gout ; and if it be of long continuance, it in- duces a Confumption, becaufe the Body will want a Suitable Nourifhment. And thefe things are reme- died (after due evacuation) by Stomaticks, of a bot and dry Quality, of thin Parts, and Confortative withall, which have power to warm, comfort, and firengthen it, and have likewifé an Aftringent pro- perty, which ftrengthens the Retentive Faculty.
VL 4.PULMONICKS, or Peftorals. Thefe are Medicaments appropriated to the Lungs, and have regard either to the Part afflitled, or to- the Matter aflidting. 1. Thofe which regard the Part afflitted, are fuch as ftop bleeding, if any Veffelis broken in the Lungs, and by a kind of Styp- tick Quality, bave power to conglutinate or heal its or if there be any Ulcer in the Lungs, have fe
power of cleanfing it, and heating it withall, whic . b “2
confumes dead Flefh, as Cathereticks; and a thir Sort, which dries without aftrittion. The Jaf part |. of the Cure of a Wound or Ulcer, is to cover it
with Skin, and reftore the place to its priftine beauty: Now thefe Medicines meddle with the
XXX. 14. COSMETICKS, or Beautify- ers. Thefe adorn the Body by adding beauty to it, 2 abfierging or cleanfing it from defilements, as
profie, Leuce, Scabs, Itch, Pimples, Rednefs, Wrinkles, Freckles, Yellownefs, Tanning, Sun- burning, and the like. Thofe which proceed from beat, are to be remedied by cooling things : If the
defilement is impatted in the Skin, extenuating d ; if Freckles or Worms
Medicines are to be applye affed it, the Skin it Uf is to be abfterged by Em- plaftets of Soap, or Oi/ of Tartar per deliquium, diluted with Water; if Leprofie, Scabs, or Puftules, conftantly breaking out, the Cuticula muft be taken
off by Epifpafticks, €.
CHAP. V. Of the Third Qualities.
IPC HE third Qualities of Medicines Aes fect as are Appropriate, that is to fay, which are
appropriated to fome principal and noble Parts of ae Bodh , the Ail A Fos Pobich Phyficians have leatieind obtained, either, 1. From the fignatures of the Medicaments themfelves. 2. Or from a long Series of Prattice and Experience.
I]. And. therefore as Medicines are faid to be appropriate, to the moft noble and principal Parts of the Human Frame, fo from them they take their Denominations or Names, and accordingly are faid to be, 1. Cephalicks. 2. Neuroticks. 3. Stoma- chicks. 4. Pulmonicks,§ or Pettorals. 5. Pleu- riticks. 6. Cardiacks, or Cordials. 7. Hepaticks. 8. Spleneticks. 9. Mefentericks, o7 Hypochon- driacks. 10. Nephriticks. 11. Hyftericks. 12. Arthriticks. Of which in their refpettive order.
IL x. CEPHALICKS. Thefe Medi- cines are faid to be eepriaed to the Head, and the Medulla
have refpelt chiefly to the Brain , oblongata, ond the Membranes called Pia & Dutra
Mater, but have very little to do with the Tongue, for that is a very wtruly Member. The Brain is the feat of Apprebenfion, Fudgment, and Memory, and by Nature moderately hot ; and fois very eaft- &y affitted by either too much beat or cold, but
elie alate 6 ie A
PT ae eT cis ‘an
os. .
—*
ete ue bs er
eae ee rT
eee al” ae ee
is done by Hieber a Balfamick Property , or by
4. Specific, of which Nature is Cinnabat of Antimo-
ny, and all {weet Preparations of Mercury, which entring into the mafs of Blood, and being diffolved
an it, give fuch a healing property to it, that by its
- continual pallage thr?’ the Lungs, it does at length
’ 7
rfettly atter , and thefe are fuch as digeft and thicken
_ the Rbeumatick or pituitous Matter, flufing them ‘(which caufes Afthmas, Wheezing, Hoarf{nefs, lofs
of Voice, Coughs, &c.) and caufe it to be expetto- rated, and tbofe are they cl are molt ufually vcalled Pe&torals, Befides, they many times clear ‘the Stomach of what flicks to it, caufing it in fome meafure to be [pit up. Pe .
VI. 5. PLEURITICKS. Thefe are Such things as are appropriated to the Pleura, and.
gencrally give prefent eafe+to Pains and Swellings in the Sides, shiche
are fuch things as are bot and dry, and abound with an admirable volatile Spirit and Salt, fuch as Salt
Urine, volatile Sal Armoniack, volatile Salt of
artar, volatile Salts of Beans, Peafe, and other Pulfes, as alfo Sai Volatile Oleofum. The Nar- coticks, are fuch things as are made-of the Wild or Corn Poppy Flowers and Heads, and of Opium, So that Opiates, efpecially fuch as are repleat with volatile Sal Armoniack, Salt of Hartfhorn, of Tar- tar, &c. all immediately affect the Pleura, and give prefent cafe in the difaffettions thereof.
ie _ Vill. 6 CARDIACKS, or Cordials. Thefe are Medicines appropriated to the Heart; the Fountain of Life, and Scat of the Vital Spirit ; the Original of Innate Heat, and. of Vigor and Adtion. Amd therefore Cordials ought to abound with Subtilty and Volatility, to revive the Spirits, and with Heat to ftrengthen the Heart, and make it perform its ation. ‘Thofe Cordials which revive and refrefh theSpirits, mujft be Spirituows, as Wine, and Spirit of Wine: And thofe which ftrengthen the Heart, are either Hot, when its natural heat is decayed or wafted : Or Cold, when it is beat a- bove Nature, by either Fevers or any violent Paf- Sion, or by Poifon, the firft of which are Antite- briticks. The fecond, Confortatives. ‘The tbird, Alexipharmicks, or Antidotes againft Poifon.
IX. 7. HEPATICKS. Thefe are Medicaments appropriated to the Liver. And thefe are confidered in a three-fold refpett, 1. As they open its Obftruttions. 2.’ As th Di cafes. 3. As they firengthen it. As to the firlt, Hepatich Aperittves are to be-chofen, which may open its Veffels, and keep them free from Ob- ftruttion, without which it is impoffible that the Perfon fhould be Well, but muft at long run fall in- to a Confumption: Thefe cut and extenuate witb-
out an) vehement beat, and yet cleanfe. As to the >
fecond, Hepaticks oppofite to the Difeafe offtitting the Lrver, i to he chofen : Soif shee is an In- Hlammation, cooling, cleanfing, and extenuating things are to be ufed: If a Scisthus, things foftening and diffolving. With a Decottion of Funiper-berries in Water, drank for a Year together as ordin
Drink, | cured a vaftly great Scitrhus of the Liver, outwardly to be felt, hid. and as large as a great
twopenny Loaf. As tothe third.. The Liver after all is to be flrengthned, and this i done by Hepaticks, gently Aftringent, for feeing its ufé % to help to-- wards the perfection of the Blood, it needs fome
adftri€tion to preferve its beat, and ftrengthen it.
So that if they be very
al them. 2. Thofe which regard the | _are confidered in a threefold refpe al,
s, the Pleurifie, &c. and they are either Anodyns or Narcoticks. The Apo i
ey refift its
Acids, And the latt, by Balfamicks;a
x INTRODUCTION.
Yer the Liver requires not fo great aftringents as
the Stomach, becaufe the paffages of the Stomach
arelarger, and more ame than thofe of the Liver ; inding, they may be hurtful to the Liver, and caufe O Jous... :S2 Yhe"
X. 8 SPLENETICKS. Thefe are Medicines appropriated to the Spleen. aes 0. 1. To
fuch as open its Obftruttions, ad they are Ape- ritives, which ought to be fo powerful, as to pene- trate into its moft inward receffes; for the whole Subftance of the Spleen, is a kind of Animal Honey- comb. 2. To refift its Difeafes; and thefe in an Inflammation, ought to be.cooling and -difcuffing : dn a Scirthus, to be, highly Refolutive, zor ia rhe leaft binding ; and outwardly Emollients may be ap- pled. 3..To ftrengthen it. And thefe are fuch as are temperate, in refpett to beat or drinefs ; yer they ought to have fo much adftrittion, as to ¢on-
‘firm its natural and bealibful Tone.
XI. 9. MESENTERICKS, or Hypochon- driacks. Thefe are Medicines dedicated to the Mefentery : Its grand failure a from Obftru&ti- ons, which are either from vifcous or clammy Hu- mors, or from Wind, which induce a profound Pi- ning, or univerfal Confumption of the whole Mans. and in the end (if not removed) Death, Upon this Axle-tree, the whole Orb of Life turns , and when it breaks, the Man finks, and the Body returns to its firft Principles. And therefore the moft power- ful Deobftrugtors: or Aperients, are /pecifick Me-
Jentericks , and thefe in the Mineral Kingdom, are
deduced from Chalybeates: In the Animal, from Volatil Salts, as Sal Volatile Oleofum Sylvij : And in the Vegetable Kingdom, /uch things as bave power to diffolve congelation of the Fuices, as Vo- /atil Salts of Beans, and of Tartar or to cut the
‘vifcid and clammy Matter, as Creffes, Horfe Ra- difh, Muftard, Rocket, in cold habits of Body , or
Fuices of Citron, Limons, or Lime Fuice, and their Syrups, in hot Conftitutions joined with other proper Aperients, which may have a power to penetrate into the moft Senied, receffes of this Bowel. Add to thefe Carminatives, conjoined with Sylvius’s Spi- ritus Anticolicus, where Wind feems to bave the predominancys
XII. 10. NEPHRITICKS. Thefe are Medicines appropriated to the Reins and Bladder. In the Reins, a Separation is made of the Serum from the Blood, without which Man could not live,
and the Bladder, of a fufficient magnitude, is the
receptacle to contain it. Theréfore it a neceffary by appropriate Medicaments, to keep thofe paris clear, and free from Obftruttion, and to retain their firength, that they may the better perform their Offices. The Difeafes afflifting the Reins and Bladder, are chiefly, 1. Obftru&tions by a tartarous or vifcid Mucilage. 2. Stones, Gravel, or Sand. 3. Inflammation. ° 4. Piffing Blood. 5. Ulcers. The firlt, is cured by -Aperients and Diureticks. The fecond, by Lithontripticks. The third, by cooling Diureticks, as Sal Prunellx diffolued in a Diuretich Wine. The fourth, by Stypticks and Narcoticks, as Catechu, and Opiates ‘prepared with
s Balfams of Chili, Gilead, Peru, Capivij, Venice, Strasburg, and Chio Turpentines, and {weet prepared Mer-
cury, which tranfoends all otber things.
XII 11. HYSTERTC K $1 Thee are Medicines appropriated to the VVomb, ‘Ga @
li a ee
_ and more, and the naufeoufne/s encreafes, thofe
See
»
INTRODUC TI ON
$$$ Part’ which one would think had fo nae @ in it, | Purges; b foe oer, till nor fo wellcleanfé becaafe it is a sa and delighte witb fo ¢ things, the Vemricle: ‘gH oper and well-defign?d Eme> as Aromatic erfumes, and a wee ‘and di, Tp tick. The Stomach iterfole ato be cleansed up™ pleafed (fo as t0 fy from "rhem) with linking “and.| wards by a aceftines fr cented thi, S, a ‘as Turds, Aff feetida, and other — eth ae ny ali op enor the! fiinking things of like nature. Berifore fine ie, 0% A = Rgeromod Vopoute, By erick Fits, and Ae a vad hyve
“we 2° CA THAR TICKS » or rns Medicines ’ Thefe ect cleanevale Bot bit twithall draw the’ wnt ted | fm Body > as Das’ thobe st hor
x many Months loft all the Uferof their ihn afin. or Limbs, by he op and 1d Bergin Rhexu- -
jo ei ee 1 baie id alleviate ing tie se om tot blact, pis pr ems sn i ‘Motions are i dee Peay te Aro a a ti
on a re, ap
plied to the place of “fp concepion. ‘ipprefs t om al ae Coleks vain b Pit Alla § 5 Bas and otbe: fig the id tbe per Cathatti ,
Ar 4:5 ; whereas beld es Resse 2 Polvis Comma e been'\
oy the Mouth, they fru- known. \ They reniove Obfirutfions, not»
fra hae er hy Ny mir ve ay oe, Bene cha bit ‘Be ios
¢ ip | teriour the* thingss
them, ire’ etl ta of them we Nitrous and Bitter. > they ‘Small
Shall reat B ae | on: » are alfa gree 3 for’
thofe things which open the Pores and cleanfe the»
XIV. 12. boone Thefe are ie ‘nay \ sate ere ion, and a
Medicines appropriated to the Joints. Amd feeing |
that they confift chiefly of tendinows and. nervous eke ner of Dro and pure» Parts, Joes bey y are chiefly composed of Neu- ny the vy one tie but fo Doers lubri-* ie A Medicaments, ge have a hep ing and dry- fyings as Fat things.” ‘Some by wathing and abfter-\
in, as Whey impregnated with Sena and Bees ‘ome by ref dn 1
o- | at vies Saltse “P mage a ek
fet ee a haa (yes sree shia 96) ber —
ber, SA TICKS! \Theje: ave yi "
ivating or {pitting Medicines, whic oiaving ae
ing Quality veal aftrin gens aerincing, and with- al ic pea cemtben MINS Pr Perey wt vei
oints are i e extream Sar of the dy, and more remote from the Vital Center, shey {i
dy, ¢ the edicaments. Pai ¢ cafed by A Daye diene ee “4 “with So na
asa mares a. filet ¥ ond Spirit of Wine, “with Deby mpha of the Body, into a’pitiitous or fe jates. abated © Arthritick 4 inn “he conde ed ‘from all parts of the Body: pte ar. the ae idk Puimodt' ‘is remove to the th thir ony the falivatick Glands;; ther by itp ick seat or by the appl i is fpit forth. This is ely performd by in st witick flives, mixed with ( Me ty, andfome ‘its Preparations, ‘which melte\ or CEN ing the coagulated Fui carrying them with
ie ej halt Fae ye ition. Phe aeaerof Wh bad, aba A ek STS SATS UI Pe ke is to be perme, ‘is nt worl robes) iii? re know. more 0 may foe ee tobaw
ee ANI: ope at aire rat seen) % Third Edition ¢, icine, in my Ars Chie Ct ae vy ad Oe ¢: Praxis ‘Med "the Second
ryral ty
‘Of the Fourth Qualities:
aA T E fourth Qualities oo Medichinens are
Such as are Abfttattive, to wit, fich as by
their Power or Operations, take away fome thing,
fon the Body ; or from Some of its Bowels ef arts.
| ae of my" Annotations son De Sydenhams: Proceffus, lib.'3.-cap. 28. fe wage ‘ad fett. 552 ; to which I refer you. ‘ nt Lit Ciba 4 boiaeeehtl ve igs . PPAR MICK S)\er Erthines Theft, are we t Robes pare bot and dry'in’ the third vde> gree, and are endowed with a very piercing Meri» ‘mony, ‘by’ tobich they prnntnest* sre or fhrivel up as it were the Membranes of she Brainy Cas Emeticks do the Lee y of ih the Stomach ;) and by means whereof, Head nd‘ Brdin! ate. teased
or freed youl ebotal Recrements;\and the vifcid ank pituitous Humours or Matter, is expelled thro. the Nofirils, ima very extraordinary medfure: If thefe. Nafales, as fome call them, ‘caufe Sneezing, \thép are then called Sternutatories: But proper Exthines; which only attrak-the Recremasite. from the Brain, are of might iat in curing Apoplexies, Letbargies Megrims, Vertiges, Epilepfiesy and other Cepbiatich Difeafes of like nature, 1 ary Seow Cold —_ eee
VIL si EMMENAGOGICKS.- “Thel are\fuch as*provoke or draw yeah the. Terms, They are hot yn the third degrets;\and of thim parts, concoll and digeft crude Humoursy extenuatesand incide the Gro/s and Tough, and remove Obfiru- “ions, by opening and cleanjing ibe Pojjages. | And Such areall proper Diureticks, that they. pra-
wiole
IL And thefe receive Pies ™ in Sri i vis riety of their Operations, which the ass perform in ‘the refpettive parts’ of the tcc hich they are adapted , which are the Nine following, viz. ‘1. Emeticks. 2. Catharticks. 3.’ ‘Salivaticks. i Prarmicks. 5. Emmenagogicks. 6. Diureticks.
7. Lithontripticks. 8. Suidorificks. 9. » veneicks. :
TI 1. EME TIC KS, or Vomitories. Thefe ey. giving a reluctance to the nervous Fibres of the tomach, caufe their. Relaxation 'and Stimulation, whereby afterwards as ‘the reluttancy ‘grows more
nervous Fibres before relaxed, fiffer a kind
Convulfion, or Contrattion,. tear 0 vejelt the offend- ing Matter upwards; or ‘by the Mouth; whereby tat Vitus, by fuch a di ifebarge, conies to be refto- red to its coe Health. Nor vis the® Stomach otberwife to be cleanfed, for ten Catharticks, or ,
it.
proline Ponting fan mapa
after a
middle-way, allaying the extream Heat, and caufin, the Serum and Humours, to be more eafi .attratled | by the Reins, end.to the ae
pe Hue
things wbich — Paffages, and. open Same, having a Quality of extenuating rife ana fepa-
mours, attenuating or thining the Bi
rating what is extenuated from the grumous arts, |
which the protrufion of the Serum into the
eins, will be made more eafy, as alfo its paffage }
thro’ the urinary Parts ; which kind of Diureticks are hor and dry in the third degree, sharp, of very thins parts, coatlive. and feparating, Diureticks then are of two forts, 1. Such.as-conduce to the fe- paration of the Serum fiom. the Blood ;. and they are very hot, fharp, biting and cutting, whence they penetrate to the Reins, and-cut the grofs Hu- |
mours there, 2. Such as open the Urinal Paffages. And beje are generally cd things, which provoke Urine, but bite not; yet bave a nitrous Quality, by which they open and cleanfe, as Nitre, Sal Pru- nella; Winter Cherries. ° t
IX, 7 LITHONTRIPTICKS. Thefe are fuch as break end | the Stone, Gravel, Sand, or tartarous Mucilage, and they bave a power of diffolving, cleanfing and expelling the Same: Being Diuretick, bot and dry, and of thin parts, fharp and cutting, and fome bitter. Alfo Some do it by Incifion and. Deterfion, without nest,
é fii
occultly : But the bot
and vo-
penetrate lands, thro rfices or moft ex- crown
ternal parts, of me ti expelling all
of the Head to the foles of the Feet, noxious Fumes, malign venene s, and peftilential Miafmata, from the Center, viz. from
the Heart and Vital Parts, and fo defending them | fump
from their deleterious affaults
XI. 9. VENEFICK, orPoifoning. Thefe are things which take away Life, being i
INTRODUCTION.
t i i
|
ring Virtue; which as they ought.to be Stomachicks, r)
inimical to Human Nature, and they are in. the extremities of heat or cold, mom they poifom not from being in the extreams of intemperature, but from another peculiar property, by which they cor- rupt the Vital Fuices, and by a malign and peftife- rous Gas or Steem, {mite bath the Animal and Vital Spirits ; but which Property is excited or ftirr’d up into attion, e thofe extream: degrees of intempera- ture. Of the Hot Kind, are Bears-foot, Hellebor, Leopards-bane, Monks-hood, Woolfs-bane, Sc. Of the Cold Kind, are Hemlock, Hen-bane, Night/hade, &c. There are Poifons alfo which alt by a Narcotick Pro- perty, as Poppies, and Opium. Add to thefe Poifons which do it
rofive py. Spirits and Oils of Antimony, Nitre, Salt and alphu 3 which diluted and pru- dently given, are Salubrious and Healthful,
+S of
CH AP. VU. Of the Fifth Qualities.
I “P HE fifth Qualities of Medicaments are Such as are Addu&tive, to wit, fuch as
a peculiar Property, add fomething to rhe Bo. 4 or to fome. of its Fuices or Parts.
Il. And thefe are fuch as reftore, or daily addto the principal Fuices and Parts of the Body, even to the whole Body, without which Human Lifts or its Generative Powers, could not be el ; and they are, 1. Chylificks. 2. Analepticks. 3. Ga- lattogeneticks. 4. Spermatogeneticks. 5. Alexi- pharmicks.
Ill. eel) ae or Breeders of the Nutritive Juice. Thefe are fuch things as con- ferve the natural beat of the Stomach, fo that it
be able to concott and digelt the Food received in, without which a good Chylus could not be bred. [bey are generally bot in the fecond, third and fourth degrees, ra that they may not only preferve but reftore the Tone of the Stomach if burt; and thefe are proper Stomachicks, bot, dry, and of thin parts, fharp and attenuating. But when the Sto- mach is ennr heated, and fo the peices is burt, as alfo the Appetite in a great meafure deftroyed. Then id Chyliticks are to be chofen, fr allay the preternatural beat, and reduce it to its juft Temperament ; and thefe are Cowcumers, Let- tice,Purflane,and generally Acids, as all ripe Fruits, Lime Fuice, Limon Fuice, Vinegar, Spirits of Nitre, Salt, Sulphur and Vitriol ; all which not only allay the ipeeerncin ts heat, but alfo excite the Appetite, and help the Digeftions
IV. 2 ANALEPTICKS, or Reftorers. Thefe are fuch things as breed a Reftorative Chylus, which is of abfolute neceffity in fuch as are in Con- tions. The Stomach ‘may breed Chyle, and that plentifully, yet it may not be good, or reflora- tive; fuch a nutritious Fuice is to be educed from thofe things, which bave naturally in them a relto-
vr
“INTRODUCTION. xiii
ee ee
or mixed with Stomachicks, fo they ought to warm the Stomach if cold. They are bot in the firft and
Second degrees, and for the moft part of a fat or
glutinous Subftance, yet fpirituous withall, of this kind are Hews ot of Wheat Flower, as thick Milky Hafty Pudding, alfo Parfneps, Turneps, Po- tatoes, &c, and a Liquor called Punch, thus made. | Take choice Brandy, fair Water, of each a Quart, | Lime Juice, a Pint, or three quarters of a Pinr, double refined Sugar, a Pound; mix and diffolve: Of which the Confumptive may drink half a Pint at a time, in t. rning , juft before. Dinner , at four in the Afternoon, and at Bed-time. To thefe things you may add Milk-meats, Cheefe-cakes, Cuftards, Orfters, &c.
V. 3 GALACTOGENETICKS. Thefe are things which breed Milk in Nurfes. This is done partly by Meats, and partly by Medicine. For Food it is fuch as is Euchymick, and Polytro- ag A good Fuice, and of much Nourifhment, a ittle hotter and drier than the Blood, if it is chill and pituitous , but more moift, and le{s bot, if a feted with Choler. Medicaments breeding Milk, are hot and of thin parts, and of affinity to thofe things which gently provoke Urine. But fuch things as are firong, and provoke the Courfes, hinder its Generation by too much eliquation of the Humours, Things Fo ae thickning, digefting, or dry- ing, do the fame.
Tf 4-2 EES M A ye BIEL GES.
é are things generating Sperm or ° are hot, and not very 5 Bs Alatulent and or tuous, and Am the J reft and moft yr end parts of the 3 and therefore all fuch things as encreafe a firong and good Chylus, and from thence much and good Blood, encreafe the quantity of Seed. It is alfo ftimulated by things bot, volatil, thin of fubftance, penetrating and fharp , and bin- dred by things cold, nfo, non-nutritive, and difcutient. ;
Vil. 5. ALEXIPHAR MICKS, oAnti- dotes. ‘The/e are Medicaments adding Vigour to the Vital and Animal Spirits, to refift and overcome Poifom, and are antipathetical to it. They are hot and dry in the fecond, third and fourth degrees, Sunil and volatil, confortative to the Stomach and Heart, and homogene with the Spirits, enlivening the Human aps 1. Strengthen Nature, that it "2. be the more able to encounter the Poi- Som 2. They oppofe the Poifon, juft by its oppofite Quality. 3. By their potency, volatility and expul- Jive force, they violently expel it. Vomits, Catbar- ticks and Sudorificks, immediately ufed, and in this order, are good expedients. If in the Stomach, Vomiting, Inthe Entrails, Purging , but if in the Spirits, (as in the Plague) Sweating. |
-
CHAP. VIL. Of Preparations Galenic
Awe tiiok walled “grbdt eunber of tbew, we bave réditced them to the following ten
1. Juices. 6. EleStuarics, 2. Infufions. 7. Lozenges.
3. et ae 8, aes
4. Syrups. g. Troches. , 5. Pouders. 10. Salts Effential.
I. JUICES. 1. They are to be preffed out of Herbs, when they are young and tender, or rather, when they are juft come to their flow- ering, actin fe then she Fuice is in its greatelt Vigour, and gathered withall in a ‘fair and dry Seafon. 2. They are made by beating the Roots, Herbs and Flowers, in a Stone or Iron Mortar, with a Wooden Peftle, and expreffing the Juice with a Prefs. 3. They are ialer-dapuid or In- Spiffate. The Liguid are either from bot Herbs, an Fo as are volatil , or from cold: If from bor Herbs, they are to settle 6, 8, or 10 Hours, then to be decanted from their fettlings, and put into a Ghifs or Bottle, putting Oil Olive upon them 2 or 3 Inches thick, to preferve them. 5. Uf cold Herbs, after fettling, the clear is to be decanted, “a clarified by boiling and fcum- ming, or with Whites of Eggs, and then Bottled,
with Oil put over the fame. 6. Infpillare Juices,
are never made from hot, dry, and volatil Plants, but from fuch as bave a more glutinous or clammy Fuice, fuch+as Acatia, Aloes, Cam- bogium, Catechu, Comfrey, Elaterium, Liquo- rice, Meconium, Opium, Scammony, Sloes, &c.
I. INFUSIONS. 1. They are made from fuch Plants, Roots, Barks, Leaves, Flowers, Seeds, which are of bot, dry, and volatil Parts, and of van a Subftance, as being rare, cafily yield their Tintlure. 2. They are very rarely or neveér made g Herbs and Plants, fach ‘as are of \a thick Subftance, and it-may be Relinous withall. 3. If their Subftance is thin and*rare, a cold In- Sufion, or Digeftion, (if in Summer-time) may do. 4. But if of amore compatt, folid or tenacious Sub- france, after being reduced into a grofs Pouder, “they are tobe digefied in a warm Oven, or in a Sand heat for fome days, fhaking the Bottle once or twice a Day, then being fettled, ‘the clear is to be decanted, and. kept clofe ftopt for ufe. 5. The Infufion may be made in Water, Wine, or Vinegar, according to the Defign and Intention of the. Phyfician: If in Simple Water, it is then called by the bare Name of an \nfulion: If in Wine, it is called a Medicated Wine: If in Wine Vi egar, ¢ Medicated Vinegar.
I. DECOCTIONS. 1. They are’
never made of bot, dry, fubtil, {fpirituous and volatil Parts, becaufe, in boiling, all thofe fine Particles mould be loft. 2. Or if they are de- vcolled, it ought to be always in an Alembick ,
| with a‘Receiver luted to it, to receive its fpiri-
tuous and volatil Parts; that when the Decottion is made and clarified, they may afterwards be mixed therewith. 3. The Boiling is balf an
, an Hour, or two, more or lefs, according to the craffitude of er as they may be either Herbs, Roots, Barks, node, Bic. 4. It is made ‘either in Water, Broth, Wine, or Vinegar, accord- ing to the Intention and Defign , but for tha moft part in Water. 5. It is a Medicament for prefent ufe, and therefore there needs no Di- rettions for its keeping or prefervation.
IV. SYRUPS and JULEPS. Thy ave ‘made, 1. Infufions. 2. Of Decoéfions. 3. Of Fuices, of Herbs, Plants, Flowers, wig
; 2. Thofé
|
xiv
2. Thofe made by Infufion, are aa from Flowers, as, of Balauftians, Blewbottle,- Clovegilliflowers, Damask Rofes, Peony, Peach Flowers, Poppies Wild, Rofemary, Saffron, Violets; &c. by being digefted one whole Night clofe covered, either in the beat of a Bath, or Sand heat, often repeating the Infufion.. 3° Thofe made by Decottion, are from fuch Herbs, Plants, Roots, Barks, &c. as will admit of Boiling,” as ‘we have declared in . the former” Settion. « 4.* Thofe by Fuices., are made of all your fucculent Herbs and Plants, pee, rom their faces or impurities, by fettling ‘or clarifying with Whites of Eggs. 5. Ibe way ‘of makings °To every Pint of clear Infufion, ‘Decottion, or Fuice; put two Pounds of Double Yefined Sugar’, which mix together by melting “only in Balneo, not at all Boiling it. 6. All Sy-
but flop them not with Cork or Bladder, for then ‘they will be apt to break the Glafs, only bind a piece of thin Leather, or Paper, prickt with a ‘few {mall holes over the mouth thereof. 7. Jaleps, “are thin, or balf Syrups, being made of Infujions, \Décotfions, or Fuices, with but balf the quantity “of Sugar, and thefe will keep but a little while, ‘Viz. 2 or 3 Months, being apt togrow four.
“V. POUDERS, 1. The Ingredients, whe- “ther Roots, Barks, Leaves, Flowers, Seeds, Rofins, &c. are to be ‘made very dry, either by Sun, a oA > or fome po ind “3 \2. "By the belp of a proper Mill, they are to be eribind into Pde se tees where a Mill is not to be met with, or it is but a fmall matter , ‘whichis to be reduced, it muft be done by beat- ‘ing in a Brafs or Iron Mortar ,\ with an Iron Peftle, and then made to pals thro? a fine Searce ; “beating the remainder which will not pafs, and ~fearcing it, fo tong till it is all, or very near all - paft thro. 4. Refinous Bodies, fuch as Scammony, ‘Kc.’ will not eafily be reduced without the help of a little Oil, anointing the bottom of the Mortar now and then, as alfo the end of the Peftle with @ little Oil Olive, by. cola means, it will swith much. more eafe and. fpeed be reduced. -§» Camphir, tbo’ it may be ical with a few
‘ding to it avery fmall quantity of Brandy, or Spirit of Wine, and then to grind it in a Mortar. “6. All Pouders ought to be kept in Glafs Bottles, vclofe flopt with good Corks, but rather with Glafs Stoppers , otherwife they prefently loofe themfelves, and will be good for nothing.
.» VI ELECTUARIES and LOHOCHS. a. They. are made of fubtil, or levigated, or fine fearced Ponders, mixed with Honey, or a Syrup of double refined Sugar, made into Syrup with. Water or Wine, of the thicknefs of Honey.. 2. The «Proportion for a good. bodied. Eleftuarie, is 3 Ounces of clarified Honey to an Ounce of Pouder, or 3 Pounds of clarified Honey, or as much double refined Sugar diffolved and reduced to the Sub- fiance of Honey, to one. Pound. of Pouder, which “are to be mixed.well together, either by beating -in a Mortar, or over a very gentle Heat, then vte be put into. Gally-Pots,. and to be syed over with White Paper and Leather, and. fo kept, for fe. 3. A Lohoch, or Licking Medicine,.is\ only 4 thin kind of Elettuary,, in which to every Ounce of Poudes, there isto be put 5 or 6 Ounces of clarified \ Honey, or Sugar: These are ufed chiefly as Pedlo- vals, in all Difeafes of the Breft. and Lungs. _q« Ele€tuaries, (if well Jookt after) will keep.
“INTRODUCTION
nearly a Year, but Lohochs will keep twice thar
pups will keep a Year, if kept clofe Stop in Glaffes 5 )
;
t
‘drops o Oil 5 yet it is much better done, by ad-
lime.
VI. LOZENGES, 1. 4 thick Mutilage
is to be made of Gum Tragacanth, with Water, or rather with cqual parts of Water and Spirit of Wine, or Fuice of Limons: This is to be thickned with double wt Sugar in very fine Pouder, and beat together in a Mortar, will it comes to a Siiff Paffe. 2. Or fine Sugar may be diffolved in Brandy to a Candy height, and then mixed with the Mucilage foregoing: 3. Lozen- ges are made either for Vomits, and them you
may put to each balf Dram 3 Grains of Eme- -
tick Tartar, which may be made into one Lozenge, and fo the Patient may take. either one, two, or three Lozenges, according to Age and Strength. 4. Or the Lozenges are Opiates, in which one er two Grains © "boi piaa te Sine Pouder, may be mixed, to make one Lozenge of balf a Dram, or a Dram, to be given as a Dofe according to Age, Strength, Neceffity, and'otber Circmmftances, in vehement Coughs, Catarrhs, &c. 5. Or as Common Pe€tora eens: Wheezings, Hoar{nafs, thortnefs of Breath, and then Pouders of Liquorice, of Catechu, Cloves, Ginger, Mace, Nutmegs, Sc, may be mixed with the Mucilage and Honey, or Sugar, in fuch proportions, as the Phyfician fhall think ft. 6. Then being well beaten, or wrought together, the Pafte is tobe rowled out into thin Plates or Cakes, and fo with a firaight Ruler and a Knife, to be cut out into quadrangular Lozenges, which are t0 be care- fully dried, and kept for ufe. ita
VI. PILLS. 1. The ingredients, are feve- rally to be reduced to a. fubtil Powder. by Jirft beating in a Brafs or Iron Mortar, and then to be paffed thro a fine Searce, . 2. To. this Powder Jo much choice Honey, or fome proper Syrup is to be added, as may make it (by well beating it in a Mortar) into a Pafte, of fuch a fliffne/s as may be made. into. Pills; which Pafte, is not be fo hard or fliff as to crumble, nor yet fp Soft as to fall flat, and not keep up the roundnefs. of its form. 3. Some Gum-Refinous Bodies, as Aloes, Cambogia, Scammony, &c. being reduced into a fine Pouder, are rather to be made up into Pills with fair Water, than with Honey or Srp for they will as foon diffolve.in the, Stomach, and keep a long time without mouldinefs: But then they are immediately to be wy oCned into Pills, as Joon as the Mafs is made, otherwife it will grow hard, and net afterwards to be done.
Wy, BP os
IX. TR OGHES.. teThife are:in-form
Like little Cakes ,. much..about the ‘big wap ‘a
Copper Farthing, beingtonly defigned, that Poxders, which of themfelves are not able to refift the intro- miffion of the Air, might be otal a long time pure, and free from fpnling. 2. Take half an Ounce of pure white Gum Tragacanth, put to it balf a Pint or more of fair Water: Let it fland warm for 24 Hours, till it becomes a Mucilage, p Gelly, 3. Take the
Pouders (being made impalpable) and mix with this. Mucslapenby beating in a Mortar, y? b as ridk Seok fi Biles Cease dob out Woe thin Plates, and with a round bel; 4 edge. Brafs, Silver, or Steel Inftrument,. cut the into
lithe Troches, or Cakes. 4. Thefe you are to d either im the Sun, or a warm Oven, after t
Breadisout, and being through d u into.a Gally- Rot, .ar ciber. proper Veen fogs dying
tying them over with a Paper and Leather ,
to keep them from the Air.
X. SALTS ESSENTIAL. 1. Take @ Plant when it is fuil of Fuice, viz. in its Flow-
wort, other yield a fweet Fuice, give a plentiful wantity “Effential Salt, as the Sugar’ Cane »
the Effential Salt of that Plant , fo alfo Raifons for Fi
Shew fome fmall quantity of that Effential Salt. on their outfides, hard, dry, and of a white colour.
CHAP. &. Of Preparations Topical, or External,
HO’ Authors have multiplied the Titles of
thefe Topical Preparations, yet thefe fol- Towing are all that we think neceffary for Ex- ternal Ufes, or Outward Application.
1. Lotions. 5. Ponders. 2. Oils. 6. Emplafters. . 3. Ointments. 7. Cataplafms. 4. Balfams, 8. Clyfters.
I. LOTIONS, or WASHES. I. Wares are made 1. Of fair Water. 2. Of Infufions, or Decotlions. 3. Of Wines. 4 Of Vinegars, of which a choice is to be made, according to the ee or Defign for which it is intended.
p general Intentions of Lotions, or Wafhes. are five-fold, viz. 1. To beautify the Skin: 2. Toeafe Pain. 3. To difcufs Tumours. 4. To cleanfe old putrid Sores or Ulcers. 5. To at- trail or draw-forth any Poifon, Venom, or Ma- lignity, in the Part. Ill. Firft fair Water is ufed either fimply by it felf, as bot as the Pa- tient can bear it, either to bathe with it, or to let the whole Arm, or Leg, to lie in it for balf an > or 3 quarters of an Hour, more or Jefs,
which repeat as need may require, twice or thrice a Day: is the Pores, abates Inflammations, and abfterges old putrid Sores and Ulcers, ma- po Fognc pd healing. Or it is ufed with d or ua Soap, @ quarter of a Pound diffolued in 3 Gallons of it, by a gentle Heag.
is opens the Pores, and abfterges more po- tently. IV. Secondly, Infufions or Decoétions. _ ‘Thefe are made uch Herbs “as are appro- | priate to the intention, and which the Phyfian
- Vem
| tentions , as alfo to event a Morti | V1. Fourthly, Vieswan fog
| out the Oil as before,
Sball advife, + ap may be of ain, difculing of Tumours, Nine fimply of it felf,
firengthen weak Parts,
in which alfo Caftile or Genoua + pe and may Serve for eafing
&e. V. Third, is ufed to comfort ms
difcufs Tumours, cafe
ain, &c. by fomenting therewith as hot as the Patient can endure it, once, twice, or thrice @
| Day: And fo it is of ufe. (viz. Red Wine) to cure the falling-down of the Fundament. “But mixed with Camphir, @ Dram or Dram. and half,
diffolved in a little Brandy, 10 a Quart of Wine, it will be yet more powerful to all thofe In- Phy of it fell, ned be ! : hmply of it felf, ufed bi
4s excellent to eafe Pain, ‘Mop Bleidied et andy Deformities of the Skin; but ufed wit
Honey diffolved in it, it abfterges putrid Ulcers, | and Fe ieend ie Mt nt rroat. If | & is ufed with diffolved Camphir, -and Saccha- | rum Saturni,
gs, | cures moft of its of the Sun, and other like feet things 5 and Raifons, when old and dried, will
it not only cleanfes the Skin, but Deformities, and alfo beautifies it. Thefe are fome of the things which Lotions perform 5 oe in Besar pen e aeebles, you may make a thoxfand others, wbich m have admirable: E fells. tt th : an Ve ; ; Mae 4, aa ‘igh ) IL OILS. L They are made 1. by Expref: fiom. 2. By Infolation. 3. By Boiling. II. ule which are made by sin, are either Oil Olive, which if it is made out of Ripe Olives, is fard to be temperate, im refpett of heat, cold. nefs, drinefs, or moiflure ; or Oils out of Nuts, as Oil of Almonds, Sweet and Bitter, of Wall- nuts, Oil of Ben, which bas that Property with it, mever to grow Rank, or Oils out of Seeds, as Anifeed, Linfeed, Rapefeed, &c. I. Oils by Infolation. Teke Oil Ofve , or rather Oil o Ben, a Gallon; of the Herbs or Flowers, or Seeds you defign to make the Oil of. 24 Handfuls well bruifed , mix them, cover the Pot with a Paper, and fet it in the Sun (in the hotteft Seafon) for bg sae or more, ftirring it every Day:
Then ing warm’d it over a gentle Fire, prefs out the Oil from the Ingredients in a wooden Prefs. Repeat this Infolation with more bruifed
Ingredients, three times at leaft s*at laff preffing let it ftand to. fettle or the clear, which keep in Glafs Bottles clofe flopt for ufe. Where note, that Oils by Infolation, ought ‘to be made only of Herbs and Seeds which are hot and dry, of very thin, fubtil and volatil parts, as of Cranes- bil Musked, Hyffop, Lavender, Marjoram, Minr, Rofemary, Sage, Savory, Southern Thyme, &c. of Anifeeds, Carraways, Cori , Cloves, Fennel, Mace, Nutmegs, Parfly-feed, &e.. IV. Oils by Boili Take Oil Olive, a Gallon, of the Herbs, Flowers, Seeds, &c. bruifed, 20 or 24 Handfuls : Boil all over a gentle Fire to Crifpnefs; and prefs out the Oil firongly in a wooden Prefs. Repeat this Cottion to Crifpnefs , and exprefjing at leaft 3 times: Then letting it ited or Settle for a Day or tmo, decant the clear Oil and keep it for ufe.
fll. OINTMENTS and LINIMENTS. 1. Ointments are made three ways, viz. firft by making the Ingredients into an Oil by the former Seldion, Secondly, Of the Ingredients themfelves Infolation. irdly, Of the Ingredients by or Boiling. 2. The firft tn4y, by making
the Ointment of the Oil. Take a ftrong Oil made
defecate, and pour off
of the defigned Herbs, 2 Quarts; Strasburg, Ve- nice, or Chio Turpentine, Bees Wax, of - 12 ances :
XVI a J
N
Ounces: melt and mix them well together , and put the Mafs into Gally Pots for ufe. 3. The fecond way by Infolation. Take fuch Roots , Herbs, Flowers, Seeds, %c. which are bot and dry, of very thin, fubtil and volatil parts, bruifed, eight Handfuls , Hogs Lard, four Pounds: Beat them well together in a Stone Mortar, witb a Wooden Péftle , put the Mafs into.a broad Stone or Earthen Glazed Pot, tye it over with a Paper, and infolate it for 14 Days, or for want of a bet Sun, digeft it as long in a mild Sand beat, that the Lard may be all that time perfett:
melted ; and whilft bor, firain out the matter by preffing. Repeat this Infolation or Digeftion, 3
or 4 times, in the fame manner, and at length,
take the expreffed Subftance, and add thereto, Venice or Strasburg Turpentine, Bees Wax, of each 8 Ounces: melt and mix them over a gentle Fire wit! The 3 the ba hake of the fee
Hogs Lark 4 Poca, boil over a gentle Fire to Crifpnefs, and flrain out by preffing : Repeat this ‘work 3 or 4 times ; and laftly, to the exprefjed
ay
Matter, add Turpentine, Bees Wax, of each 8
Ounces , boil and mix, and keep the Ointment for ufe. 5. Sometime sees are added to Ointments for
» particular Ufes, the chief of which, are of Aloes ,
: Birthwort-Roots, Campbir , ie
Rofin, Scammony, Stavefacre, Tobacco, &c. of Mi-
' -nerals, Burnt-Alam, Burnt-Lead, Flowers of Sul-
phur, Mercuriws Dulcis, Saccharum Saturn, Tur- Sib “ineral, Red. Brevpiere White Pracipitate, Verdigrife, &c. 6. Liniments, They are Soft Oint- ments, and made in all refpetts as Ointments are, Saving, that they are generally made without Wax , woth only the half quantity of Turpentine and ax. : . ” >
IW. BALSAMS. 1. Thefe are Artifcial, and made in Imitation of the Natural, by mixing Such Ingredients together as may conftitute a bod; of equal Denfity or Subftance. 2. Take Oil of the Ingredient youswould add to your Balfam, as ftrong Oil of Hypericon,or flrong Oil of the yellow of Orange Peels by Infolation, 1> Pints; Oil of Natwlprdy Expreffion, Balfam of Peru, choice Chio Turpen- tine, of each 4 Pounds mix, melt over a gentle Fire, and eS it as ufe. 3. Take Oi! of Ben, 12 Pounds , Chio Turpentine, 6 Pounds; Balfam of Peru, 5 Pounds, Oil of Nutmegs, 4 Pounds : mix and melt over a gentle Fire, and keep it
clofe ftopt for ufe.
V. PO ERS. 1. Thofe intended in tbis place, are only fach as are for External wes a plicable to the Eyes, ftopping Blood, Wounds, Ul- cers, &c. 2. They are made of Ingredients per- fettly dried, and then reduced to a fubtil kind of tes either by grinding in a Mill, or beat- ing in a Mortar, and Fa pled thro? a. fine Searce. 3. Pouders for the Eyes, as Alabafter calcin’d and levigated, or Lapis Calaminaris ca/-
cin’d and levigated, or Flints calein’d, beaten and
levigated, any of which Pouders being blown into the Eye, confume Pearls, Films, &c. fo alfo fine Pouder of Rice, which with ones Finger may be daily and feveral times a day rubbed upon Films, Pearls; &c. which in time wears them off. 4. Pouders for jforping Blood, are. chiefly Cate- chu, Vitriol calcin’d with fine Bole and Caniphir, Pouder of Puffs or Fufs Balls, of Mans Blood, of
Alcanet Root, &c. 5. Pouders for digefting,
cleanfing, and healing old Ulcers, as Aloes, of
intida, Opium,
Rofin, of Scammony, of Tobacco, &e. which two laft things are without comparifon.
VI. EMPLASTERS, amdCERATS, or CERECL OTHS. 1. Emplafters are made firft with Oil Olive. Secondly with Hogs Lard, or fome otber Fat or Greafe, adding the other pro- per Ingredients, 2. Firft with Oil. Take O:/ Ove @ Quart, fome proper Gum or Gums, from 10 to 16 Ounces, Bees-Wax 4 Ounces, melt, mix, and boil to the Confiftence of an Emplafter. 3. Where Turpentine, and any proper Pouders of Vegetables are added, Bees-Wax will be needlefs, and if - proper Fuices be added, it is to be hoiled to the Confumption of the Fuices. : 4: Some Mincral Pou- ders, as Red Lead, White Lead, Litharge, &c. being added to the Oil with Vinegar, will Vuffciently
| bring the Oil to the Body of an Emplafter, without t boiling, and keep the Ointment for third way, by Cottion or Boiling. Angredients 8 Handfuls ,
the addition of Gums or Wax, by a pretty long boil-
tula till it is perfetted. 5. Secondly.with Hogs Lard, or fome other Fats or Greafes. It is made altogether as the former, [ave in this cafe it needs much lefs boiling, and a fmaller quantity of Gums or Pouders. 6. Cerats or: Cerecioths. They are
in a Pan, or the help of Fire; being for the moft part made with Oil Olive, and in a much larger quantity. 7. The Emplafter being brought to its due Confiftency, it is then made up into Rowls, and fo kept for. Ufe.
VI. CATAPLASMS, or PULTICES, They are made with Oil orFats,adding the boiledPulps of Roots, or Figs, and the otber proper Ingredients according to the Intention, as baked or boiled white Lilly Roots, Turneps , Onions, Garlick, Leeks , Comfrey Roots, &c. and fo bringing it to a due Con- Siftency with Flower of Oatmeal, i Berge > Orobus-Meal, Crumbs of White Bread, Milks, &c. boiling all toa due dines: 2. Some Pultices are
break, fome to cafe Pain, fome to allay Infla- mations, and fome to Maturate Tumors which tend to breaking ; fo that according to the Intention of the Cataplafm, fuch ought the Ingredients to be, to’ anfwer the fame. 3. It ought to be laid on as bor as the Patient can well endure it, and to be renewed 2 or 3 times a day, or as often as the Na- ture of the Malady afflitting requires it.
made with Poffet drink, or Meat Broths, with the addition of fuch other Ingredients as are proper to the Intention of Cure. 2. The chief Purpofes for which they are ufed are, Firft, to cafe Painin the Bowels from the Colick or fharp Humors. Secondly, for the Cure of Fluxes of the Belly, and Bloody Flux- es. Thirdly, to remedy Coftivene/s, Fourthly,to purge the lower Bowels. 3. Clyfters for eafing Pain, are made with Carminative Decottions adding half, 3 quarters, or an Ounce of Strasburgh Turpentine , well mixed with 1 or 2 Yolks of Eggs, and then.with the Decottion, and fo exbibited fomething more than Blood warm. 4. For the Cure of the Bloody Flux, or other Fluxes of the Belly, to a ftrengthening Decottion in Whey, a quarter Part o Brandy ought to be added, and the Clyfter to be feveral times re-
eated : If the Flax is Inveterate, and not eafy to i“ flopt, 6, 8, or 10 Grains more or. - of La. danum, ought to be diffolved in the Brandy and mixt with the Decottion. 5. For an extream Co- ftivenefs. The Ciy/ler ought to be made of Lu-
~
ing and conftantly flirring, with a wooden Spa-
Soft Emplafters, which will fpread without melting
made to difcufs Tumors which will not probably
Vill. CLYSTERS. 1. They are Liquids.
brificatives as = ate of Althea <——
—
ee
INTRODUCTION. xvii
which a [mall quantity as 2, or 3 Drams of Caftile, Genoa, or Venice Soap ought to be diffolved, or a quarter part of Oil to be mixed therewith, nog Soned with Table Salt. 6. For purging the Belly and giving Stools. It may be made of Carmina- tive Decottions, or Meat Broths, or Poffet-drink ; 10 a Pint of which, a quarter of a Pound of brown Sugar or Honey, and half an Ounce of Salt are to be added, and diffolved in the fame, without the Ad- dition of any Oil; becaufe Oil will Obtund the
ints of the Salts, and fo binder the Operation or
orking. 7. As to the Quantity to be exbibited at a time, to little Infants, give a quarter of a Pint or 6 Ounces ; to Children from § to 10 Years Old, half a Pint; to bigger Children from to to 16 Years Old, 3 sintervof 4 Pint; to Men andWo- men, from a Pint, toa Pint and balf.
into a Matrafs or Boltehead, which Seal up Her- metically, or ie up as before: reg in the San, or in Balneo, or a Sand heat, for 40 or 50 Days more, fo will this faline Liquor, with- out any other Operation, feparate all the hetero genous and flimy Matter,. or Subfiance, which hindred its purity and exaltation: And 1 will fwim upon the top, the: pure exalted Ef- Sence of the Plant, either green and tran{parent as an-Emerald,or of a reddifh color, according to the nature Bing Plant; which Separate and keep for ufe. This exalted Effence, may be ta~ ken from balf a Spoonful to a Spoonful, Morn- ing and Night, ia a Glafs of Canary, or other. pene Wine. 5. The _ of Cold. , ‘Take the whole Plant well beaten in a Mortar. Fuice and all; add to it fess od quantity © Spirit of Wine, or Brandy : put them into a very. large Bolt-bead, which ftop clofe as aforefaid, fo. that nothing may breath forth: fet it to digeft in Horfe-dung, or its equal heat in Balneo, or
Tsgulbentate nigel’ hae a SRS tk
out all the Li bard preffing 5 which put into the Bolt-bead . bie a hon fiopt clofe Fe before, digeft in a gentle Sand heat for 40 or 50, Days more; fo will the Effence meliorate, Juper- nate the Faces, and grow fine , which decant and keep for ufe, adding to it the fixt Salt of the Prefhings. Dofe from one Spoonful to three, in, Some proper chicle,, ei sits .
IL TINCTURES. 1. There are feveral Sorts of Ti » which are to be drawn out.
CHAP. X. Of Preparations Chymical.
HE chief Chymical Pre aretions; as they T may have refpelt to this prefent Work, are thefe ten bere enumerated, viz.
1. Effences. 6. Oils. with Menftruums, as are moft proper to the 2. Tinctures. 7. Balfams. Nee afflitting , the chief of which are thefe four 3. Extraéts. 8. Powers. following. Firft, A Spixituous Tinéture. Secondly, 4. Waters. g. Elixirs. An Acid Tinéture. Thirdly, An Oily Tin€ture. 5: Spirits. 10. Salts Fourthly, A Saline Tinfture. 2. The: Spirituous
Ti Take any Root, Bark, Wood, Herb,
in&ture. Flower, or Seed, being dried, and reduced into | grofs Pouder in a hot Iron Mortar, with an eighth part of Salt of Tartar or Pot-Afbes: . affufe thereon, in a large Matrafs, the beft rectified Spi- rit of Wine, fo much as may over-top the Ingre- dients 4. or § Inches, shake them well. together, and ftop the Veffel ve. elofe : digeff 20, 30, or 40 Days, (the longer the better) in a place natue rally warm, or ina gentle Sand heat, fhaking the Veffel once every me : then decant the clear Tin- dure, and keep it clofe flopt forufe. Dofet, 2, or 3 Drams, if prepared from Alteratives. 3. The Acid Tinéture. ¢ Ingredients being prepared as in the former, affufe thereon the dulcified Spi- rit, either of Nitre or of Salt, Sulpbur or Vitriol, Jo much as to fupernate 4 or § Inches: digeft a before, then decant the clear Tinélure, and keep it ina Glafs clofe fiopt for ufe. Dele from 40 to. 60 Drops, or fo much as to give the Vebicle a little acidity. 4. The Oily Tin&ture. Take the Ingredients as before diretled to be prepared,
L ESSENCES. 1. By Effences bere, we do not mean thofe bighly reltified and fub- lime atherial Chymical Oils , which Perfumers and others ufe, and fo call, but another Prepa- ration which is taken from the whole Subftance of the Plant. 2. Take Angelica, Bawm, Mint, or any other like fitting Herb, beat it in a Marble Mortar with a Wooden Peftle, to a Pulp or Mafs, put it into a Matrafs or Bolt- head, which Seal up Hermetically, (or mays fiop it up with Cork dipt in Wax, then clofed Fup with Sealing-Wax, and after that luted over) fet it to digeft in a Horfe Dunghil, or fome other analogs Heat, as Balneo, Sand, &c. for 40 or 50 Days; fo will the whole be reduced almoft to an uniform ie a : Afterwards take out the Matter, which is now more liquid than it wast before , or reduced into a Liquor ; which prefs from the Faces. Digeft it again in a gentle Balneo, that the remaining groffer parts may fubfide: decant the clear Liquor, or filter it thro’ Brown Paper, or Cotton, in a Glafs Fun- \ which put into a Matrafs, or Bolt-bead, and af- nel. And from the former Faces, being dried | fufe thereon pure athertal Oil of Turpentine, fo and calein’d, extratl a fixed Salt, which add to | much as may over-top it 4 or § Inches; flop the filtrated Liquor. This is Le Febure’s Effence | it clofe up, and digeft only in a warm beat for of Plants; and may be given in any proper Ve- | 14 or 21 Days, shaking the Veffel once every Day : hicle, from one Spoonful to two, or three. | ftrain out the Tinfure by prin 3 let it fland 3. Some add to this Effence, when it is for | till it is fine, and then decant the clear, and long keeping, to every Quart, a quarter of a\ keep it for ufe. Dofe from 6 to 12, or 18 Drops, Pint of the beft Brandy, or Spirit of Wine. fof dropt into Sugar, and then mixt with any 4. But if you would exalt this Effence to a | proper Vebicle, and fo taken. §. The Saline bigher degree of purity and excellency, the faid | Tin€&ture, Firf? make the Spiritus Intimus ths.
ater, 6 Quarts; ‘choice Pot Afhes,
iLe Febure proceeds thus. Take of the former | Take Spring Effence, Water of decripitated common Salt, made | 2 Pounds; Sal Armoniack, one Pound: Fi | ¢ ige
per deliquium, of cach equal parts; put them
Sand, for 40 or 50 Days, or more, then firain |
¥
tt oll
Sg = S
keep it for ufe. n take the Ingredients as be- 9 prepared, which put into a Matrafs or Bolt
ad, and affufe thereon of tbe former Spisitus ae fe of tbe fe P
us, as. much as may over-top the Ingredients 4 or § Inches: digelt cold (being clofe ftopt) for 2 or 3 Days, foaking the Veffel twice a Day, let it fettle for ome or two Days decant the clear from the Faces, which filter thre’ Brown filtring Paper, and keep it in a Glafs clofe ftopt for ufe. Dye Jrom bal Dram, to 1 or 2 Drams, Mern- agd Night , in a Glafssof Canary, or fome other proper Vehicle. Where note, that by this Menftruum,. you may extrall the Tin&ure from any Root, Bark, Herb, Flower, or Seed, as. well green as dry; and that in a manner extemporante:
tn » Wags Dk Baw shit St * Aah Bey ee Cc —_ ie Siew the Spiri- wuous — ure of any thing fen to bav r Siraeag of 5 oye into’ Selig head. with its Alembick and Receiver, and, luting the Foints tell, by a gentle heat abftrat the Spirit in Bal- neo; the pod bottom is the Extraf, 2: Ex- tra&ts are either foft, fit either to be diffolved in ay pre Mga or to om up oe ior TS, "y foft, into an Elettuary ; but if of 4 more fees ‘ y 6 ‘al soa Foner = ills: Or they are of a folid body, fo that t may be formed imo Pills of shonf oe, without
dny addition. 3. And thercfore according to the | * 4 to fuch \ ment with Leven, &c. and then diftil y fo will
confiflence you defign the Extraél to be a degree a mult abjtratt thé Spirit. 4. The ab-
firatted Spirit is fometbing more than the finple
Spirit of Wine, and may very well be called the Spirit of that Ingredient, or Matter, of which the
xtratl is made; and contains fome of the moft volatil Spirits and Particles thereof. Spelt co
“W. WATERS. 1. They are Diftilled in Common Stills, putting good Store of Afhes under. heath, to avoid: an Empyreuma, or Smell and Tafte of Burning 5 or in an Alembick, in Balnco. 2. If ee Diftil in an’ Alembick, it will be good thar the Roots, Herbs, Flowers, be bruifed, and by adding common Salt, or Leven, to be. mixed with them to be digefted , then putting Spring Water to them, to Diftil them in an Alembick with its Worm or Refrigeratory, till the change of the Tafte fhews the Virtue to be drawn off, Se - rating the Oil Eh any be. 3. By adding the Salt or Leven, or Yeft, and digefting the Herbs there- with, till they bave a kind of Winey Smell, by which means the Water is made twice or thrice as (trong, and Smells much ftronger of the Herbs, Flowers, &c. 4. Waters from dried Herbs. Ler them be’ cut and infufed a while in hot Water, and digefted with Salt, Leven, or Yel, and then diftilled in Balneo, and if it be cobobated upon more dried Herbs, it will be fo much the better and more noble. 5. Waters from tender Herbs and Flowers, and from cold Plants, are diftilled in Balneo, with Cobobation upon frefh Herbs. 6. Waters from hot Seeds, Spices, &c. beat or bruife them grofly, infufe them in a little warm Water, then difiil them by a Copper Vefica, Tin’d within: You may alfo fleep them in Wine, fo will the Water be more excellent, with fome Oil. 7. Uf from green Roots or Barks, bruife or fhave them , but if from dried Roots, Barks, rafp them, or arefly beat them in a Mortar, and infufe them in a litle warm Water, &c.
V. SPIRITS. 1. Take the Herbs, Flow- ers, 7c. beat them in a Mortar, and Pickle them ’ 4 2
‘xvii INTRODUCTION. ' digelt clofe fogs Days, train, filter, and’
with Salt, ,in an- Earthen Veffel, by mixing the Salt therewith ; put all into a well glazed Earth- en Far, prefing them well down: Hop. the Veffet very clofe, and put it into a Cellar for 3\0r 4 Mouths; till they have a sharp or Wine-like Smell, then diftil in.a Velica, ia Balneo,. or,Sand,.. or Afhes, to. drine/s + cobobate the Spirit end diftil again, after: which rectify it in a Glafs Matrafs, in a gentle Balneo, or Sand-beat. 2. Spirits from Juices. . Beat the Roots, Herbs, Flowers, Fruits, if Fuicy,. and prefs forth sheir Fuices But if they be not, Fuicy, fprinkle bot Water on them, and then exprefs the Juices Steep in this, Fuice Srefh Herbs, and prefs out, again, which work re- peat till ye have Fuice enough , this. Fuice fer- ment with Sugar, Leven, or Yeft, diffolved in a little Water, and thea diftil it as befores..Where note, that the Fermentation of the Fuice, w beft done in Wooden Veffels. 3. Spirits from Fruits which have a Pulp, as Black Cherries, Elderber- ries, Goosberries, Mulberries, Rafpberries; Straw- berries, €%c. Either make a Wine of them, which let grow a little Acid, and diftil it as before di- retied, or as you diftil Brandy, or Spirit of Wine from Wine: Or elje take their Pulp, freed from their Stones or Kernels, to which put warm Wa- ter, to; make it thin; then with, Levens: 5 aed Sugar, Titoed alfo in warm Water; caufe them to ferment , after which diftil. 4. Spirits from hot Seeds, Spices, &%c. Bruife them well, and macerate the Ma/s with Wine, caufe them to fer-
you have a Spirit mixt with a great deal of Wa- ter: cobobate and diftil again, fo will the Spirit be much better, which after separate from the Water by Diftillation: referve the Spirit by it Self, andthe Water by it fellas Water. of. the fame Seeds, Spices, &c. }
VI. OILS Diftilled. x. Oils from green or dry Roots, Herbs, Flowers.» Bruife them wel in a Stone or Iron Mortar, digeft them 14 days or
more in Water, and let them putrify , then. diftil
by a Vefica with a great Fire; fo will you have Water'and Oil come over, which you are to” fepa- rate. 2. If you diftil Oils from Angelica, Anife, Bawm, Caraway, Dill, Fennel, Lavender, Mar- joram, Mint, Origanum, Pennyroyal, Rofemary, Sage, Savory, Southernwood, Thyme, Worm-
| wood, and the like bot Herbs: It is to be done
when in Flower, and you are only to take the upper Branches with the Flowers, for then they yield the
ateft plenty of Oil, and thofe parts of the
bite the moft, the Leaves, Stalks, &c. little or
none at all. 3. Oils ftom hot Seeds, as Annife, Cardamoms, Cubebs, Caraways; Coriander, Dill,
Fennel, Muitard, Parfly, Rocket, &c. Bruife them grofly, affufe on them bot Water, add fome Salt,
or Crude Tartar in Pouder, digeft 10 or 20 Days, then diftil with a Copper Vefica, with its Head and Receiver well luted, fo will you have Water and Oil together, which you are to feparate, keeping the Oil by it felf; and the Water for Anifeed Water, Cardamom, Caraway Water, &c. 4. Oils from Roots being dried. Bruife them well, or beat them into grofs Pouder, digeft them with Wa- ter and Salt, then diftil: cobobate the diffilled Water, digelt and diftil again, feparate the Oil rom the Water: and in that Water, digeft more frefh Roots, and fo on als . Oils from Citron, Limon, and Orange Peels. Ye them pu- trify or rot; add Water to them, then diftilt as the former Roots , fo will you have Oil and
Water, which feparate, The Water may be ufed é' in
=~,
7 aa
. Self, ditilling till no more appears. led Oi ss
fixt Salt of the fame Plant, and grind it wih an equal quantity of the volatil Sal Armoniack 5 Subliming and xe-fubliming fo song til the fixt Salt alcends with. the Volatw ,; and-add 2 Drams thereof tothe former mixture, it will be fo much the more powerful-to all the Intentions for, which the faid Poteftatesare ufed. 3. And many times for twoant of the particular Spirit of the Plant, whofe Powers you'would make , the beft retlified Spirit
in like manner to more prepared Peels. 6. Oils from Spices. Bruife them grofly, (for Powders yield lefs Oil;) digeft them 8 of 10 Days in the Menftruum you intend, adding Nitre, Salt, or Tartar: then diftil in a Velica, fo will you bave Water and Oil, which feparate : cobobate the Water upon the Fxces feveral times, fo will all. the volatil Oil afcend: The Water. referve_to make more Oil with, upon frefh Spices. The weighty Oils (as of Cinamon) will feparate from the Water, in 14 or. 16 Days, by finking to the bottom. 7. Qils from Aromatick Woods, as Caf- fia Lignea, Cedar, Cypref$, Juniper, Rhodium, Sanders Yellow, Saflafrafs, Xyloaloes, &c. Take their rafpings, or let their Chips be exceedingly well bruifed in an Iron Mortar, which digeft a good while in Water, then diftil by a Velica : co- hobate, and continue diftilling for fome Days; at length the noble odoriferous O:! will come forth ‘i very fubtil and volatil... 8, Oils from. Rofins, | w/ Le ie €%c. Add to them a gool quantity of ‘ater, and diftil by a Velica; fo will you bave ‘ater, and an Oil {wimming upon it, (which Oil is called Spirit ;) continue 7: diftillation, and by degrees it will be Yellow, then change the Reces- ver : Separate this yellow Oil, and keep it by it This is cal- |
Oil. The Matter remaining is called Colo- | hony. 9. The Rettification of Chymical Oils. ey are rectified by diftilling them by a Cucur- bit, or Velica, with much Water ; fo will the pure atherial Oil afcend, with fome Water, which fepa- rate. They are alfo rettified in a Bolt-head, with its Receiver, in which the pure etberial Oi! will afcend, the thicker Subftance remaining at bottom.
VIL BALSAMS. 3. The true difference between Chymical Orls and Chymical Balfams lies chiefly. in two things, viz. firft the Oil contains the principal or chief of the fublime and volatil dy That it is of a thicker Confifience
alfa be added, if you pleafe, the volatiliz’d Salt o the fame Plant, or a volatil Salt of Tartar,
for. ufe. 3. But you are not. always, nece,
to ufe Spirit of Nites but pel thereof, as the nature of the Difeafe may require, take Oils of Salt, of Sulphur, or of Vitriol, and digeff with the Powers as above direted, 4. Again, by Infu- Sion of any Vegetable (fuppofe Rofemary) in Pow- ers.of the fame, acuated with Oil of Salt, and Salt of the fame, you fhall have the Elixir thereof.
X. SALT S..1. Sais Chymical are either Volatil or Fixed : And th¢ all Plants have indeed a volatil Salt, yet the moft of them having but little, and that little very difficult to be gotten, Authors have taken Uittle or no notice thereof : Thofe_ which really abound with it are but few, of which Beans, Peale, and Tartar, are chief. Ihe way of making their Volatil Salts, we fhall not declare here, having taught it fully and at large in their SOP places, in the following Book. 2. Fixed Salt of Vegetables zs thus made. Fir/t burn or calcine the Herb you would make a Salt of, into white Afhes , yet avoiding a too fierce or hafty Burning, left it foould vitrify. _ Bail thefe Afhes in Fas Water, to make a Lixivium of them; which filter thro’ fltring Brown Paper, by belp of a Glafs Funnel. This filtred Liquor Boil in a Glafs Veffel, with a gentle Fire, to the confumption of all the Water , fo will the fixt Salt of the Plant be left at bottom. 3. If the Salt be not purely White and Fine, you muft diffolve it again in more fair Water ; ‘tlhe and coagulate by an abfumption of the Water ; which work you are Jo often to repeat, till it is freed from all In- purity, and is very White. 4. Thefe alcalious Fixt Salts, are very apt to. melt in the Air; but if they be frrlt calcined with Sulphur, it much preferves them from that Accident, and makes them withall fomewhat more gratefal 16
the Palate.
parts. Secondly, or Subftance, than the Balfam , which as this Jat-
ter is_lefs fubtil and thicker, fo it is more for old Sores and Ulcers. 2. Hence it ap So that as Oils are the more thin, pure, and etherial parts, Jo they rife firt in Diftillation, from the Matter they are [raed From ; but the Balfam is that other thicker Oily Matter, which by the force of a fironger Fire, afcends next after the former pure, etherial, volatil Oil is drawn off, which as it is of a thicker body, fo it is alfo of a deeper color. 3. Balfams Chymical, are often- times alfo made in Rettification of Chymical Oils , when drawing off the thin, fubtil, volatil Parts, or Oil, the thick Balfam is left at bottom. 4. But they are properly Balfams which (the thin Oil be- ing drawn off in a Velica) are afterwards drawn from the Colopbony by a Retort. 5. Take the Co- lophony remaining after the Oil is drawn from Rofins and Turpentine , put it into a Retort, and diftil with a gradual Fire, firft foft and gentle, then greater, and fo encreafing the Heat, till the Colophony bas given up all its Oily or Balfamick parts, which will be of a body thick and red. And this 1s that which is properly called Balfam; which if it be reltified again in a Glafs Retort, in a Sand-heat, will be much more fine and pure.
His O Ebi pe or POW oh i; 1. Take the rect, pirit of the Plant, fuppofe o Mint, or Pennyroyal, a Pint ; Chymical Oil Oy the ame Plant, an Ounce, or fo much as the Spirit will abforb, or {wallow up: mix them together, and keep them for ufe. 2. But if you take the
c2 CHAP.
of We is ufed as aSuccedaneum 3 to wich 6 .
ae r
wa
“x INTRODUCTION.
ree oe: A Po Xt, Of the Virtues of Medicines.
L qr HAT Some Plants Heat, fome Cool, and T Some Dry, and “one Mottin as manifest ;
_ and this is from their Firft Qualities, which are
Sound out, by their Tafte. Secondly, by their Smell. ih so by their Operations, 64 Effects. Fourthly, by Experience. = ‘es
_ Il. THAT fome Plants open Obfiruttions, and Some flop, as in Catarrbs and Fluxes of Blood; ‘fome Bind, and fome Relax, fome Attratf, and Repercufs ; fome Maturate, and fome Ab- flerge, &c. The @ Virtues, which are their Se- cond Qualities, they draw from their Firft Qua- lities, but are more perfettly known and found out by Experience, and a continued Series of Ob- Servations. ’
Il. THAT the Appropriation of Medicaments to the feveral principal Parts of the Body, bas been found out partly by their Signatures, and partly by Experience, and fometiime by both of them to- gether: And fo this Appropriation of them to the Head and Brain, Nerves, Stomach, Lungs, Pleu- ta, Heart, Liver, Spleen, Mefentery, Reins, Womb, and Foints, is called their Third Qualities.
a
— IV. NOW IF a Plant is hor and dry, it natu- rally follows, that it muft refilt and “be helpful aganjt Difeafes, proceeding from cold and moi-
ure: So alfo if a Plant is cold and moift, it muft refift and be helpful againft Difeafes pro- ceeding from heat and drinefs : The fame may be Said of Plants bot and moift, or cold and dry. which doubtlefs refit, and are helpful againft Difeafes proceeding from the oppofite Qualities,
V. THIS being faid, if we confider what Dif- cafes affliil thofe principal Parts of the Body, and trom what Caufes they proceed , it spt that thofe Plants, which are endowed with thofe Firft Qualities, and witball are in the predicament of the Third Qualities, muff gencrally refit and be auxiliaries in the Curing thofe Diftempers, offiitting thofe particular Parts , ailisberdyore in giving you the Virtues of the Medicament, tho there are in almoft every Plant, and in the Deg of their
Preparations, a great number of Difeafes enume-
rated, againjt which they be Good. or Helpful, yer we do not intend thereby, that they are Specificks, and abfolute Cures for all the Difeafes there na- med, but chieft 4, he againft the fame ,; and in Compofitions pems againft fuch Maladies, may as a Vis duplicata, add to their Force and Effetts.
VL AS FOR Example, take Angelica, Lavender, or any other Plants, which are hot and dry in the Second, third, or fourth degrees, as to their Firkt Qualities ; and witball are appropriated to -the Head, Brain, and Nerves: We fay that thofe Plants, and their Preparations, are good for and helpful againft all the Difeafes of thofe Parts,
proceeding from cold and moifture, and accord-.
ingly we enumerate them, as Catarrbs, or D i. ons, Megrims, Vertigo’s, Apr Epilepfies, Lethargies, Carus, Coma, Pal/ies, Gramps, De-
Aluxions into the Eyes and Nofe, heavinefs of the Head, weaknefs of the extream Parts, thro the burts of the Nerves, &c. more efpectally if the Habit of the Body be cold and moift too. Thefe and other like Difeafes of thofe Parts, proceeding from a cold‘and moift Caufe, we fay, thefe and the like Plants are proper for, and helpful in their Cure, thi? we do not fay they will abfolutely do the Work: And yet a great deal is to be faid, if Alteratives be given in a full Dofe, affiduoutly ufed, not by fits and girds, and continued for a good length of time ; for /o Nature’ affs in con- juntlion with the Medicine, and the Cure is per- formed and perfected at length, which otherwife could not be either expetted or boped for.
VIL. AGAIN thofe Plants which are in the Fourth Qualities of Medicines, ave Abftra€tives, « which abfira# or take away all fuperfluows Humours, Recrements, and Excrements out of the Body, its Ventricles, or principal Vilcera, and Veffels, which are Emeticks, Catharticks, Salivaticks, Prarmicks Emmenagogicks, Diureticks, Lithontripticks, and Sudorificks, and thefe are faid to be Curative, at leaft helpful in Curing all Difeafes of Repletion.
VIL. THE KIND of the Abftraktive is to be cho- Jen, according to the fite of the Part, or Parts af- flifted; and natute of the Difeafes affli&ting. So if it be the Head, fife with pituitous, cold and moift Humours, Prarmicks are to be chofen: If the Stomach, by Surfeits, Fulnefs, Objiruttions, Sharp Humours, &c. then Emeticks. If the En- trails, with fharp Humours, Colicks, Worms, &c. then Catharticks. Jf all the Juices of the Body are contaminated, as in the French Difea/e, Leprofie, Leuce, Elephantiafis, €%c. then Saliva- ticks. If the Womb be obftrutted, or the Cour- Ses flopt, then Emmenagogicks. If there be a repletion of Urine, thro’ an Obftruttion of the Reins, and Urinary Veflels, then Diureticks. If Gravel, Stones, 7c. in Reins or Bladder, then Li- thontripticks. Jf Univerfal Obftru€tions over the whole Body, with a repletion of Watery Humours, as in Dropfies, then Catharticks firft, and Sudo- rificks afterwards.
IX. AND SO tbe Difeafes proceeding from Re- letion, are enumerated ‘accor ing to the Part or arts affitted, and accordingly the proper Abftra- tives are applied, which taking away the fuper- Stuows Humours, or Recrements, baulah <or fome ways contributing to thofe Difeafes ; thofe particu- lar Medicaments according to their Kind, are faid to cure, or be helpful, or contributary to the removal, or cure of thofe Difeafes.
X. THOSE HERBS, or Plants, which add fome- thing to the Body, or its Pomere Parts, are in the Fifth Qualities of Medicines, and are | Adduétives, and faid to cure, or be re cu ring, all Difeafes of Ablation, viz. Juch Diftem- pers as are card from the want of fome Nou- rifhment, Fuices, or Humours, in order to the confervation of the whole Bod , oF of fome parti- cular and ea Parts : ‘and 0 they are faid to be Chylificks, Analepticks, Gala€togeneticks, Spermatogeneticks, and Alexipharmicks ; that is to fay, to cure, or to be Aion in curing, all Difeafes and Weaknefee, caufed by a deficiency ae
Ie
what Nature requires, for prefervation of Body and its Principal” f a ray ta
we “2 4 XI. AND THEREFORE theKind of rhe Adaudtive as
ar anit teens
—— pera | -s
.§
- ingly the proper Adduétives are chofen ,. wbich
“INTRODUCTION. ixi
# to be chofen, according to the mature of the Matter deficient, the Parts. affetted and the ap- proaching Evils to be feared: So if the Tone of ily pies is Foil that yy pag breed oe lus, eby. an Atrophy or Pining may be vata lificks are to be admini red | ebicb “are withall Stomachick, or Stomachicks are to be added to them. If a grand Wafting of the Flefh be, as ina Phthifis, or deep Confumption, Ana- lepticks are of ufe. If a deficiency of Milk, then
le€tuaries , toe half an Ounce. to an Ounce, 4- Purging. Infufions» and Decottions , b an Ounce to fix Ounces, according to their Strength; the Strong, froman Ounce to four Ounces , the
ging tS, ise: nade pes dal ane ples Pu ‘Pills; from. a Scruple to a Dram.
6 Purging Salts, f7 or Ounce and half. 7. Salivaticks, according 10
ogeneticks. If a deficiency of Seed, then | the Difcretion togeneticks. If Poifon be taken, then the | menagogicks, if Infufions or ital Powers are to be firengthned and aug-
mented by Alexipharmicks.
XIL AND SO the Difeafes proceeding from Ab- lation, are enumerated, according as the whole , or its Parts may be affetted, and accord-
thontripticks, if Pouders,
| from ten Grains to a Scruple, or’ a .
mg to Generating, or encreafing the Nutri- om balf a Pint to ment, or Fuices defelrve, are faid either to cure, or fome ways contribute to the cure, of the pre- vatling Ulneffes, either prefent, or intruding upon the Patient.
XIIL THIS IS the Method, joined with Expe-. rience, {and a long Series of Obfervations, thro | all preceeding Ages from the firft beginnings of the Art of Phyfick, by which the Virtues of Me- dicaments have been inveftigated and found out ; and according to which, the Virtues afcribed to Herbs and Plants in this our Herbal, are ratio-
aally to be accounted for. i
three quarters 0, from a Scruple to a Dram, two: Drams, four | Drams, or an Ounce. But if an Opiate, you Opium which is in it. Salts, from Scruple to half a Dram. a 4
IIL, BUT IN ALL thefe Cofee you are toobferods
that thefe Rules, nora. Aa rf can be abfolute. Beard but that ¢ ore sofia
- >
CHAP. XI Of Dofes, Utes and Appli- cation. eee
IV. THE USES of Internal Medicaments. dad they are to be conhidered, 1. As to the Time of Giving. 2. As to the Way and Manner of Gi- ving, FIRST, as to the time of Exhibition, Alte- ratives may be given in the Morning Fafting ; but without doubt, all Aperitives are deft given at Night, (but upon aw Empty Stomach) becaufe there will be the lefs fear the next Day of ta- king Cold, Catharticks and Emeticks, are deft given in the Morning, becaufe as the Stomach #% then moft Empty, fo they will the eafier all upon the Offending Matter, and the fooner Operate,
I, "THE DOSES of Alteratives. 1. Pouders, if temperate, or bot, or cold in the firft de- gree, may be given fer one Dram to two Drams; in the fecond and third degrees, from balf a Dram to a Dram, or more: In the fourth degree, from half a Scruple to half a Dram. 2, Infu- fions, Decoftions and Waters, from two Ounces to four, fix, or eight. 3. Extratts, from one Dram to two Drams. 4. Ele€tuaries, from one Dram to four, or half an Ounce. 5. Elixirs and Powers, ‘from 30 Drops to 60, or 80 Drops. 6. Clyfters, a Pint at a time to a Man or Woman; but to In- fants and Children, from a quarter of a Pint to
half a Pint.
II. DOSES of Abftra&tives. 1. Emeticks, if of Antimony, as Tartar Emetick, from three Grains to eight: If Infufions of Crocus Metallorum, Vi- trum Antimonij, or Regulus Antimonij, from half an Ounce to an Ounce, and if firong, from an Ounce to an Ounce and half, or two Ounces: Eme- tick Deco€ftions of Herbs, from half a Pint to three quarters of aPint, or Pint. 2. Catharticks, if Pouders, from a Scruple, or half a Dram, toa
yam, or Dram and half, according to the Jrenet
the Species, and the Age and Strength of the i the Strongeft may be given from half a
atient 5 Scruple to balf a Dram. 3. Lenitive Eleftuaries,
the time of their Working.
V. SECONDLY, As to the Way and Manner of Giving them. And this # taken for the moft part from their Form, 1. Waters Dittilled, Sy- rups amd Juleps, are ufed chiefly as Vehicles, to convey other things down the Throat in. 2. In- | fufions, Decoftions amd Wines, are generally gi- ven by themfelves, dulcified with White Sugar, or Some proper Syrup. 3. Effences and Juices, are generally mixed with fome proper Syrup, or with Wine (as the nature of the Difeafe may ruins ) fweetned with White Sugar, Honey, or Syrup. 4. Tinétures, if Spirituous, Acid, or Oily, are almoft always given in a Gla/s of aes,
at
‘
from balf an Ounce to twoOunces: Purging E-\
Strongeft, from an Ounce to two Ounces. 5. Pure. Extratts, half to two Scru=
baif an Ounce to.an Ounce, ‘the Learned Phyfician. 8. Em:
10. Sudorificks, if Infufions, f P rosie Elettuaries,
muft be regulated according to the quantity of:
befides, the better Attendance may be given, im .
AS
if SOME roma
ter of a Pint, to balf a Pint, or more. If in€tures or Elixirs, from peti to ‘ae : _ Drams, or half an Ounce. ©. Diurericks and Lix — Soom a Wie, rior
| Drams : If Infulions or Decoftions, from a quar 1er of a bo to balf a Pint, roar dee mi If Salts,
wi TN TROD
But Saline Tinftures, age generally given in fome Diuretick Decottion, Tocornih was Syrup of Al-
thea, or of Parfly, Winter Cherri¢s, &c. 5. Pou-)
ders and Extratts, if foft, are made into Bolus’s with Honey, Pulp of a Rofted Apple or Some proper. Loboch. 6. But Extras, if fh enough to be made-into Pills; (while Recent) are
Pear, or
Stallowed as Pills: by themfelves.: If kept till they | reo they. aig Searcely diffolve in the Body, \
L Tuas se AVING given you a fhort Ex.
muft be reduced to a foaft. Elefluary. 7. Troches, are to be reduced into a Poxder, and made into a Bolus with Ls 46 Syrup, or Ho- ney. 8. Lozenges are held. in the Mouth, and Jwallowed down only. as they melt. 9..Eleftua- ries are fwallowed either as a Bolus, or diffolved wn fome proper Infufion, Decottion, or Wine, Swecetned with fome Syrup, Honey, or Sugar. 10. Pills are Swallowed by themfelves, wafbing fete oti fome proper diftilled Water, In- fufion, Decottion, Wine,
Pa Poise wab Wi fo ith § per Syrup, or mixt with Wine fweetned with Sy- rip “ White Sugar, and fo taken. 12. Poceftates ind Elixirs, are always given in a Glafs of dulcified Wine. 13. Oils and Balfams, are always dropt into pe White Sugar, and fo well mixt
¢
with it, then put into aGlafs of fome proper Wine and. fo drunk: 14. salts bia lean. tary, or Fixt, and Volatil, are generally diffolved in fome proper diftill’'d Water, Infufion, Decotti- on, or Wine, and dulcified ‘with Syrup, Honey, or Sugar, and fo fwallowed. . “%
VI. THE APPLICATION of Topicks or Exter- nals. 1. Lotions are either for Bathing in,or for Wafh- ing old Sores and Ulcers; for Gargarifms, for Sore Mouths and Throats ; or for Injections into Fiftula’s, the Yard, or Womb, to be ufed with proper Syringes. 2. Oils, they are to be anointed “pee the Parts affected, rubbing them well in, Morning and Night, or two or three times a Day. 3. Ointments azd Balfams, thefe may be anointed withall, alfo they are fpread. upon Pledgets, and applied to Green Wounike Old Run- ning Sores and Wicers. 4. Pouders ;- thefe are either mixed with fome Ointment or Balfam, and So applied 5 or Simpy frewed upen the Wound, Sore or Ulcer. 5. Emplafters and Cerates, are to be fpread upon fupple Cloth or Leather, and fo “ge Simply upon the naked Tumor, Wound,
oré or Ulcer, or laid over Pledgets, dreft or armd with Balfam, to keep them on. 6. Cata- plafms are put upon Cloth or Leather, to be ap- plied to Tumors and Apoftems, to difcufs, foften or fuppurate. } Clyfters are to be ufed either with a Clyfter - Pipe and Bladder, ‘or with a Chy- fter-Syring, to force it up the \nteftinum reftum, by the Anus. + +s i
VIL WHERE NOTE, that Clyfters are either
Anodyn, or Healing, or Purging: Jf Anodyn, fome choice Opiate is diffolved in it, ty Healing or fome
they are mixed either with Sem of Wi Oil, Balfam, or Liquid Rofin.. But if Purging, they bave always a proportional quantity of Brown
“Sugar in them, with fome Common Salt ; but. xo Oil or Oily body by any means, becaufe they always blunt the points of the Saline Particles. .
if Conclufion of. the
i “oth Poffet-drink, or
with fome pro-
| an a fhort
UOTION
oe -G@ HAP XIIL
Intro- duction. a
planatory Introduction to our Hiftory of . . Plants, without the Knowledge of which, this Work could not well be underftood, and upon which prin-. ciples agreat part of the Prattife of Phyfick is (res ed and Files the Obfervation of which, w truly a prattlifing according to Art, and not a going band over bead, and a doing of things at all adventures, as Empiricks do, by which the Life of a Patient is not only put into Danger, but by fuch Empirical Prattifes, a thoufand Mifcarriages are daily com- mitted; to the great prejudice of the Sick, and dif- reputation of the Medical Arts.
HW. MANY GREAT things bave been per-
formed by fimple Medicines and Se po and
by that prime and fimple Prattife, the Qualities and Virtues of Simples were firft inveftigated or found out. This was the firft ftep of Art. Afterwards when the Faculties and Virtues of many things were difcovered, the fucceeding Prattifers began to add one thing to another, which they thought to have like Virtues; believing, that two things of equal firength being conjoin’d, the Power and Force of that Medicine muft be doubled, and indeed it ma- ny times fucceeded according to expetation.
Il. FROM THESE beginnings, Artifts be- gan to redouble their Forces, and to multiply Ingre- dicnts; making continually Complex Compofitie ons, and from the belief of a Vis unita, to- form. Compounds, which in procefs of many Ages, be- came a Magazine or Store-Houfe, as it were, of Re- medies for all Difeafes; which they formed into a method of Prefcriptions, and under proper Titles, and particular forms of Preparations, they made at length a Repofitory for general Prattife, confifi- ing of a great number of Lrsferiges Serving for all Indications, and for the Cure of the moft common and reigning Difeafes;, which they called by the name of a Pharmacopczia or Difpenfatory.
WV. THUS THE Medical Arts, under this natural and primitive Simplicity, continued fer ma- ny bundred Years; and obtained the name of Hip- procratical azd Galenical Phy/ick, without any con- Siderable or manifeft advantage, alteration, or ad- vance of Reputation, except in forming a Faxrago of not only Compound , but d und Recipes, which being a Bodaae Fades of plications tended rather to the Detriment and Reproach o our Art, than the adding of any Honour or Glory to it, and thereby reduced the Science from Natu- ral and Simple Empiricifiny into an Artificial and Reputable Art of Quackery.
V. THE ART THUS groaning under this Labyrinth. of Misfortunes, by the ill Prattifes of Suppofed Learned Men, or rather Empiricks, be- gan to fink under the Burthen, and indeed would time bave been reduced into tbe moft
efound Myftery of Empiricifm, or Quack gry d od, eamalagtte Light cy: by the Means
ad it not pleafed ¢ mifiry to Arife and Shine upon. wus,
b h '
of that coander fil 5 Vit, and areat Man Paracel-.
lus; who aot the weaknefs, of Empi- |. visit, of Galeniel Medicines, eat aoical a
mip}
are miiny (tho? Si
: bpp 9
amazing Harmony the}
Bodies, and how admirably they confpire to Ope-
rate in Mankind, to the extirpation of Difeafes,
and fupport of Life, againft whatever may be op-
rola 19 Healt, jand the well-being of a Living pe VERE
VIIL THE NEXT thing then which the Phyfician bad in bis View, was the Lepoieiee and Strullure | be Human Frame, that thereby he might know
the Body grew, and was nourifhed, and by what means it might fall to decay, and fo fail. And fince the Growth and Nourifhment was from the Matter received in by the Mouth into the Stomach, they confidered that there was an innate Property in that Vifcus, viz. Natural Spirits, to convert the recerved Food into a kind of nou-
rifhing Juice, wkich the Greeks (our firf? Phy-
ficians) were Lert pr: to call Chylus, which being more perfelied in the Entrails, was thence con- dufed by proper Veffels, and conveyed to the Heart; where being converted into Blood, it was thence by the ‘Arteries diftributed over the whole Body, to contribute to its. encreafe of Magnitude, and nourifhment of all its Parts, that it might not fall to decay. The Meanders, or Ways, b which this Bloody Fuice paft and repaft, was dif covered by Diflettion of the Human Carzafe; how it paft from the Heart’ by the Arteries, to almef?
every’ individual ‘Part of the: Body, se its Nu) _ trition's \akd :bow, what was, more. than for that \Purpofe, was returned by the Veins to.
the Heart qgain, .which for that reafon feems to be the Fountain Pike Via Spirits, yen 4, by a perpetual Circulation, ‘coaferves the Microcofm in a babitual State of Life and Strength. And
by the fame Art, they came to a difcovery o
the Nervous Syftem, ‘whofe Original is gel Head) by which the Animal Spirits, generated in the Brain, were conveyed thro the whole Man, giving Senfe or Feeling, Life and Motion, to every part of the fame.
f Wubdbiee whit tenek |
ee 5) an was Sit: Hh the:!
diftovered, but alfo the conjoined.ard near Cau-
[iy IX HOW THE Body fol! ro cay, or fale
PODS BAS: SAPS 5, case mee Cant
Skomach aad Bow Bins ; r . ) .
Man. And accordi
Caufe, or Caufes; the Signs of which Caufes, (which they call Diagnofticks) hy daily learnt
ved, the Effetts thereof, viz. the Difeafe, could not ceafe, or be taken away. As Difeafles then appeared in the World, they obferved the Signs ac- companying them, and the Symptoms which many times accrued , which they fet down in Writing, py the. Names of thofe feveral Difeafes. And engiiring into the Courfe of the Patients Life, and what, Accidental Matreps might alfo happen, at the inttottum of rhé Difeafe, zhe antecedent Caufes ad became tn fone méafure manifelt.
‘by a “great! number of Retharks, not only Antecedent aad: Remote Canfes: came to be
fes, ‘were at Jength brought to Light ; From whence the Diagnottick part of the Art, received its Iix- Ftration, Again, from she Grearaels or Lightnefs of the Cautes ; from the impending Symptoms, as they feem?d more or lefs dangerous, and from attending to the end of the Difeafe, rthro' a long Series of Obfervations, being all rationally confi dered together, the Prognoftick Precepts were edu-
ced. And if the Difeafe was thought Curable, the Indi-
. Ur tbe
® Paar Gabe Dh 3 Ue Seer NO | ee te
Seay — ae me ime orbifick ftate of the Sick, which proceeded 1. Fromthe Calieh mecien and Pre) oer 2. From the nature of the Difeafe, whither Similar, Orga- From the Symptoms, as be-
= 38 Sw
: +e Strength or Weakre/s of the Dif-
g 2
rat
ks, wether the Patient be Curable or not ; that
{ .
fs 3 i af = E : .
of , be decline his At- ph ama ele) ser impending. ‘if there es ‘Life. CBO but fall be may make his Artful and “Mafter Pre, Pg according to the \ndica- ‘tions of Cure, whi ’ “affurance, he 1 w ‘and: conclude, will not go without sbeir defire Rffetts. XI LIKE AS THE Art of Rhetorick
was not the a of Oratory, or of the
a 3
‘wiv =6oTNTRODUCTION.
4. From the Vital Powers,
| Empiricks, Quacks, or Tryers ©
‘| Wife Men colletted a Set of Precepts and Rules, | which being reduced into Meth | the Art
| Misfortunes
do thing for the Reputation of bis a ® of booth that fie Sees vie Sick.
were Excerpted, or Gleaned, and by\Wife Men reduced into tbe form ofan Art, by which all Succeeding Rhetoricians regulated and made their Orations: So the Medical Art, “and all its Rules, even the Fabrick of the whole Art, was Reared and Built out of Empiricifm, or Quackery’; and its Original or Foundation, was laid by Empiricks, or Quacks, (as the Learned are_pleafed to phrafe it) and that the firft Phyficians were no other than f Skill, out of
whofe ‘Tryals, Obfervations and Prailifes, ‘Some me ‘now call Phyfick. But all the to be: deplored Pye is, ie gry! a great many Real Phyficians, but too many Ignorant or Conceited Dotfors; and too great pie Si of Formal and Rattle-headed Empiricks or Quacks,
XI WHAT WE bave farther to fay is, to commend the fincere Lovers of Art, to the go0d Providence of God. ‘That in their Search and Enquiries into Nature, and unravelling (as it were) the Rules and Precepts g Medicine, shey may find the Anfwer of their Expettations, ond have their Minds or Souls, enlightned with. the Splendor Ch PEE xcellencies , of true Wifdom and Knowledge ; fo as.to be able to per- form the Great things, wrapt up in the Myfteries
Srft Orators; Demofthenes, Cicero, ce. ‘but the | of this Science they are Profeffors of; for the Orators the foundation of the Art, out of swbofe \ Good of the Sick, their own Benefit, and the Repu- " gation of the ART of PHYSICK.
ne hee ) W. SALMON: Blask-Friers, London. ous «as
ADVERTISEMENT.
I Requeft all thofe Gentlemen and others, who fend Letters to me, about their own . Concerns, to be fo Civil, as to pay P for them ; or elfe they may expect to go without an Anfwer. . It is not reafonable that 1 fhould be at Charge for Perfons, I have no
intance’ withall, and the BufinefS their own. I fhould not fay this, was it but now and than a Letter. But to receive about two thoufand Letters a Year (as I have formerly done) upon other Peoples Affairs, or fome trifling Matter, and to pay Poftage for them, makes a confiderable Sum. And befides, it is as Burthenfome and Troublefome to Anfwer | them, as it is Chargeable to Receive them.
se PORE
. w
BOTANOLOGTA: | THE
HISTOR
five . -
Liber Primus.
Engl Heats and Plans,
CHAP. IL Of ADDERS-TONGUE.
‘ . . ° :
1. HE Names. It is called in Greek Opsoyarwarovs in Latin, Lingua Ser- pentis, Lingua Serpentina, Lingua
_ Vulneraria, Argentina, Lancea Chrifti,
Herba Lucctola, Ophiogloffon: in Englifh, Adders Tongue, and Serpents Tongue. _ IL. The Kinds. Thete is properly but One Species, which is fometimes mifJhapen, and therefore are cal- led the Common and mifjhapen: and differ only in one or two things: the latter has fometimes two or three ftalks, and fometimes but one ftalk, and fome- times two or three Crooked Tongues.
, I. The Defcription. The Root is fmall and Hi-
brous, abiding under Ground all Winter, from which
rifes up but. one leaf, which with the ftalk, arifes not above five or fix Inches from the Ground, bein
Slat or thick, and of a frefh green colour, not muc
unlike in form to the head of a broad Favelin, or ra-
ther the leaves of Water Plantane, but leffer, witb- out any middle rib in it : from the bofom or bottom of which leaf, on the infide, rifes up ordinarily one
Small flender ftalk, about two or three, and ‘fome-
times four Inches long, the upper part of which is
Somewhat bigger, and dented with fmall round dents,
of a yellowifh green colour, much refembling an Ad-
ders-Tongue (whence the name) which never fhews any other flower, and vanifbes away without yield-
- :
ing any Seed.
IV. The Places: It grows in moif? Meadows in moft parts of England; in the Meadows by Cole-
brook , in the Fields in Waltham-Forreft ; in a Mea-.
dow near Barton, 1s you go from Oxford to Stow- Wood: ina Clofe near Botely on the Weft-fide of Oxford; and in many Meadows in Kent, Suffex and Surrey, as alfo neat London, and feveral other parts of this Kingdom.
V. The Times. Itis in its Prime in Apri/ and May, and flourifhes fometimes till the beginning of Fune: but a little heat quickly makes it vanifh.
VI. The Qualities: It is hot in the firft degree, and dry inthe fecond degree. It isCleanfing, Aftrin- gent, Sarcotick, and Traumatick, or Vulnerary , a appropriation, it is Arthritick and Hepatick. It is alfo an Alterative, and Antifebritick.
VIL. The Specification. \t is Vulnerary, good to heal Wounds, broken Bonesand Ruptures. Mr. Ray faith, that Baptifta Sardus affirms that the Pouder of the Herb, being given Inwardly for fome time, will Cureall Ruptures whatfoever. And, Marthiolus in his Epitome fays, that the frefh leaves being applied, not only heal Wounds after a wonderful manner, but alfo Cure Ruptures, Burnings and Scald-
ings. VIL The Preparations. There are no Preparati- ons of it kept in the ee but if you pleafe you : may
|. be ;
Se a
2 Salmon’s
may make trom it, 1.A Fuice. 2. APouder. 3.A Suphureoas Lincture. . 4. ASaline Tincture. 5.An Oily Tincture. 6. Am Effence. 7. An Ointment.
Herbal. Lib. L
prefS out, putting in as much more frefh Herbs, boil- ing and preffing out as before, then adding to the {trained matter 12 Ouncesof Turpentine, which mix
6. A Balfam. 9. A Cataplufine
The Virtues
1X. The Fuice Clarified, cleanfes Ulcers outward- ly, and heals Ulcers:in the Lungs, which it the foon- er performs, if digefted with Spirit of Wine: it,al-
fo ftops Vomiting, and a little Nitre being diffol- |.
ved in it, it is profitable againft the Gout , and fo drunk inwardly takes away the heat of Fevers.
X. The Pouder of the leaves, &c. given from half
a Dram to a Dram, ftops bleeding inwardly, over- flowing of the Terms, as alfo. bleeding at Mouth and Nols, and other fluxes of Blood, being appli- ed: ftrewed upon Ulcers, it cleanfes and drys them, and difpofes them to healin
g- ae | XI. The Tintfure of the dryed Herb in Spirit of Wine, heals Wounds admirably, being wafhed there-
with mixed with Wine, and dries up Ulcers: fo al- fo being taken inwardly from a Dram to 2 Drams.
XIL The Saline Tinéure, drawn with Spiritus Univer falis, allays all Inflammations,and difcuffes hot Tumors: taken inwardly it is good againft burning Fevers, is Traumatick, and heals all inward Wounds and Ulcers, as alfo bruifes of Breft, Stomach, and other Vi/cera.
XIII. The Oily Tinffure, drawn with Oil of Tur-
entine, Cures not only all Green Wounds of the aves and Tendons, but alfo a Cold Gout, as alfo Aches, Pains, and Lamenefs, from a cold Caufe by anointing therewith: it alfo difcuffes Tumors and the beginning of Apoftems, and puts a ftop to the Itch, and fpreading Ulcers.
XIV. The Effence. It is Vulnerary, good againft the bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, or any other venomous Creature. It refifts Poyfons, and all forts of burning Fevers. Dofe from a quarter of an ounce to half an ounce, mixt in any proper Vehicle.
XV. The Ointment. \t is made by boiling the green leaves fhred 2 Pounds, Sheep Suet, Oil Olive, of each half a Pound, willl the Herb is crifp, which
together. It Cures not only Green Wounds but alfo cleanfes and heals Inveterate and Putrified Ulcers ; alfo Burnings and Scaldings in a very fhort time. | XVI. The Balfam, made of the Juice, and Stras- burgh Turpentine, is as good a Vulnerary as can or- dinarily be ufed; for it commonly heals any Simple Wound at firft dreffing: and applyed with a Tru is good againft Ruptures, the Pouder of the Herb be- ae iss given inwardly. .
VII. The Cateplife, made of the Green Herb, and pure Yellow Sweet Palm Oil, Cures the Gout, or any Pain in the Joynts,being applyed for fome time.
CHAP. IL of ADONIS - FLOWER.
I. ‘He Names. It is called in Greek *EesrBeccor;
in Latin, Eranthemum, Adonis, Flos Adoni- dis, & Flos Adonis: in Englifh, Adonis flower, Red Camomil, Red Maithes, P. or Seed Eye.
Il. The Kinds. It is numbred among thofe Herbs which are femine nudo polyfperme: and it feems there are two chief Species of it, viz. that with Red Flowers, called Flos Adonis flore Rubro: the other with yellow flowers called Adonis fore Luteo.
Il. The Defcription. It has a root with very many fender, weak, {mall and thready firings, perifoing eve- ry year, from this root rifes up feveral flender weak
‘alks, trailing or leaning to the Ground, fet on every part with fine jagged leaves, very deeply cut, like thofe of Camomil, or rather 4a je of Mayweed, upon which Stalks, arifing a foot higher or better, do grow fmall red flowers, confifting of 6 or 8 round leaves, almoft like Field Crowfoot, baving a blackifh green head, or pointel inthe middle, fet round about with many black- ih threads, without any fmellat all, after the flowers are paft, there grows v4 heads with many roundifh
white feeds at the tops of them, fet clofe together, ate Z
pres Chap. 2.
like unto the beads or feeds of the great Ox Eye, or not much unlike to a little Buch of Grapes: The Plant rifes of its own Seed again, many times <i
Winter, tobich will abide till the next year. at with the yellow flower is much like the former, but its
talks and leaves are of a more dilute Green.
IV. The Places. The Red grows in the We/f? part of England amongft Corn, juit as Mayweed does in other. parts, and is likewife an enemy to Corn, as Mayweed is: from thence (for the Beauty of the flower fake) the Seed has been brought into fome Gardens: The Yellow is a ftranger in Emgland, un- lefs Nurfed up in Gardens.
V. The Times They flower in the Summer Months, as May, June, Fuly and Augift, as the Year falls out to be early or late: and the feed is ripe foon am and prefently falls away, if not Gathered. degree; but Bawbine and Tabermontanus fay they
are hot and dry in the fecond; yet by the tafte we ifcuffive, Digeftive, inative : and by appropriation they | .
can hardly judge fo. They are Recttiveski Cam
are Stomatick, Hepatick and Nephritick, and of the i kind of Alteratives.
VII. The Specification.They are faid to be Specificks againft Colick, and Stone, which Parkinfon fays has been confirmed by Experience; a dram of the feed
a pen in fome fpecifick Vehicle.
The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing of |.
it, but you may make, 1. A Poxder of the Seed. 2. A Sulphureous Tintture. 3. A Saline Tiniure. 4. A Chymical Oil of the Seed. 5. An Effence of the Herb. 6. A Bath of the Herb.
The Virtues.
_ IX. The Pouder of the Seed. It powerfully expels Wind, is good againft Griping of the Bowels and Colick, and expels Sand and Gravel from the Reins and Bladder: it alfo ftrengthens the Stomach, and caufeth a good Digeftion.
X. The Sulpbureous Tinéture. It is made of the Seed,and is Stomatick and Carminative,good againft pe ins of Head, Stomach and Belly: helps in the
ertigo, and cures a violent Flux. Dofe from one Dram to two Drams in fome fit Vehicle.
XI. The Saline Tinéture. It is made both of Seed and Herb, and has all the virtues of the former: befides which it is an excellent thing againft moft Difeafes of the lower Ventricle: it powerfully opens all Obftru€tions, and expels both Wind and Water out of the Bowels; and has a more fingular and Spe- cifick force againft Stone and Gravel, whether in the Reins or Bladder, cr any other matter obftruCting thofe parts. The Dofe is from half a dram toa dram, or dram and half in White Wine.
XII. The Chymical Oil. It gives prefent eafe in the Stone and ftoppage of Urine, if given from fix drops to twelve in a GlafS of White Wine, or Parfley or Arfmart Water. Drop it firft into Sugar, which mix well together, and then mix it with the Liquor, and fo let it be taken morning and evening. It provokes Urine powerfully, gives immediate eafe in the Pain,
wd expels the Gravel, and is an admirable thing againft di, the Colick.
Ye Sepa * XIIL The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Seed, vag but not altogether fo powerful: daily taken, it
the Stomach, and is good againft the Seurvy ina cold Habit of Body: Dofé one Spoonfulor petter,in Ale, Beer, Wine, or in fome proper Water. «XIV. The Barb. It is made of the Herb boiled in a Rit Gafficient quantity of Water, in which a little Cofti/e
a Rheu-
1 Tyan
of the
Englifh Herbs,
The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the firft
or Venice, ot Genoua Soap is diffolved. It opens the} he sin parapel cleanfes the Skin, and is inft aR
and Joints, by fit-
3
ting for fome time in the Bath fomething more than Blood Warm, and feveral times repeating of the fame:
CHAD.
of AGRIM ONY. Common and Baftard.
I. HE Names. It is called in Arabick Gnaphar;
Gnatzfat: in Greek "Evraréewy. (of Eu~ pator the firft Founder of it, as P/izy faith: ) in La- tin Expatorium, Hepatorium (as being good for the Liver, ) <Agrimonia: and in Englifh Agrimony. The Baftard Agrimony knows no Greek name: and: is called in Latin Agrimonoides.
Il. The Kinds. It is accounted amongft the num- ber of Spiked Plants, and has feveral Species, as, 1. [be Common Agrimony. 2. The Baftard. 3. The Water Agrimony,which is both male and female. The Common again is either {weet fcented, or not fweet {cented.
Ill. The Defcription. Common Agrimony has a root black, long, and fomewhat Woody, abiding many years, and fhooting out afrefh every Spring; from which arifes one ftalk fomewhat heary and whi- tifh, bard and round, balf a yard bigh (plus minus)
from whence comes forth divers long Leaves, fome
greater, fome leffer, fet upon a ftalk, all of them dented about ps = cyber greyifh PB es neath, and hairy withall: and from the main ftalk alfo_arifes fome fmaller leaves fet bere and there ; towards the top whereof grows many fmall yellow lowers, one above another in long pikes, after which comes many rough feeds, hanging down like to {mall Burrs, which when they are ripe, will catch bold and ftick upon Garments, or any thing which Shall rub againft them: the whole Plant is of a pretty pleafing {mell.
IV. ‘The fweet fcented or Aromatick differs little or nothing from the former, except in the {mell, fo that that knew the one may certainly know the other; but the Plant is fomewbat le{s, with rounder and whi- ter leaves, andthe - of a darkifh red, but the tafte
2 an
* G ¥
.
Of Italy: It grows generally in Untill’d p
4 Salmon’s
and finell of this much furpaffes the common, as be- mg Aromatical and Aflringent. . F
. The Agrimonoides, or Baftard Agrimony bas a root fmall, reddith and Woody, abiding all the Win- ter, from whence, arifes many long, foft and hairy Leaves next the Ground, every one upon a long bairy Pootftalk, which are cut and divided into many parts
' and Leaves, feven for the moft part, three on each
fide, and one at the end, but having fome fmaller ones between them, much like to Common Agrimony, yet fomewhat rounder than they, and all of them Jmuller dented, and fharper pointed, of a dark green Colour on the upper. fide, and Greyifh underneath. Aimidft thefe Leaves : up several Stalks, not fully flanding upright, but leaning downwards, on which are placed very fparingly fuch like Leaves as before defcribed, but fmaller and rounder, with
: Small pieces at the joynts of every of them. At the
Lop comes forth three or four hairy green busks like Cups, dented at the Brims, out of which comes forth a fmall yellow Flower, like to Common Agrimony, yet fometimes fcarcely appear above the husks, in which, after they are fallen and paft, {mall long and round Seeds 4 ear like Grains of Wheat, two ftand- ing together, like to fmall Lumps, which fall out of the busks themfelves when they are ripe, leaving the busk ene and gaping. The Tafte of the Plant is bitter and abfterging,and fmells like fweet Agrimony.
_VI. The Places. The Common grows near ‘the fides of Hedges in Meadows, and by Borders of Groves and Copfés, in moft parts of England and Germany, and in many other Countreys: I have found both the Common and fweet Scented, growing Wild in the Plantations of South Carolina. The Sweet Scented grows with us only in Gardens, but is Natural to Ita/y in many Places.
VII. The Boftardis found in fome places of this Land by dry Ditch fides, where the is light, hollow, loofe and fandy : Co/wmua found it in Na- ples: and Baubinus fays he found it in eth Places
ces, a- mong Briars, Brambles, and fuch like. Il. The Times. The Common and Sweet Scented
Flower in Fu/y and Auguf?, and their Seed is ripe
ina fhort time after; but in warmer Climates it
comes to its Perfeftion much fooner, The Ba/tard
Flowers in April and May, and comes to Perfetti- on the latter end of May, or beginning of Fume, and the Seed is ripe foon hen:
IX. The Qualities. They are all of them hot
' and diy in the firft Degree, but the Aromatick
fomething hotter. They are Difcuffive, Aperitive, Cleanfing, a little Aftringent, Traumatick or Vulne- rary, and Strengthening: And by appropriation,
_ Stomatick, Hepatick, Splenetick , and Nephritick:
and of the ftock of Alteratives.
X. The Specification. 'They are Specificks in curing old Ulcers, Piffing Blood, and the Hepatick Flux: and indeed are good againft moft Difeafes of the Liver, for which reafon they are accounted No- ble Hepaticks: The Buftard is faid to be excellent in drying up Catarrhs , its Fume (burnt green) be- ing received into the Mouth and Throat bya Fun-
nel.
XJ. The Preparations. The Shops keep of the Common Agrimony, 1. The dryed Leaves and Tops. 2. ADiftilled Water of the whole Plant, gathered in June. 3. A Syrup of the Fuice. But befides thefe jou may make from all the Plants, the following
reparations. 4. An Infpiffate or Liquid Fuice of Leaves and Howers. 5. An Effence of the whole green Plant. 6. A Pouder. 7. A Sulpbureous Ti Saha 8. A Saline Tiniture. 9. An Oily Tinture. 10. A Balfam. 11, A Fixed Salt of the whole Plant Cilined = : f
a . cs u
Herbal. Lib. 1.
The Virtues.
XIL. The dryed Leaves and Tops. They aré Hepatick, and good againft any inward weaknefS of the Bowels ; and are kept moftly to make Infufions, Decoétions, Wines of, &c
XII. The Diftilled Water, It is ufed as a Vehicle, to give any other of the Preparations of this Herb in, inany of the following Cafes: Dofe is from ij: ounces to iv. or Vj.
XIV. The ae It is an excellent Pe&toral,good againft Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, Wheezings, and moft other Diftempers of the Breft and Lungs; and is commended againft the Rickets in Children. Dofe from j. ounce to ij. morning, noon, and night.
XV. The Fuice Liquid and Infpiffate. \t Power- fully opens Obftruftions of all the V7/cera, and has all the Virtues of the Effence: The Liquid may be given from ij. ounces to iv. in a GlafS of Wine: The Infpiffate to iij. drams, diffolved in Wine, and fo taken fafting.
XVI. The Effences of the whole Plants. They are ae to be good againft Putrefaction of the Blood, Obftructions of the Liver and Spleen, and other Vifcera; a the yellow, black, and green Jaundice, Dropfies, (by ftrengthening the ahs and i affetted, after Purges and Diureticks) inward
ounds and Bruifes,bitings and ftingings of Serpents or other Venomous Creatures, the Flux of the Liver, Strangury, Colick, Coughs, Afthma’s, Difeafes of the Breft and Stomach, falt and thin Catarrhs, all forts of Agues, Palfies, pains of the Spleen and Hypochonders, the Plague or Peftilence, bitings of mad Dogs, GreenficknefS, Tertian and. Quartan Agues. They contribute much, being taken inwardly, tothe healing of old Sores, and long con- tinued Rebellious and running Ulcers. Dofe is from iij. drams to j. ounce, in Wine, Mead, Cyder or Ale: Dropt into foul running Ears it cures them; and dropt into the Eyes it ftrengthens the Eye-fight.
They ftop all Fluxes of the Bowels and Fluxes of
Blood, open Obftru€tions of the Reins, and Urina- ty Paflages. Taken Dietetically they are Traumatick or Vulnerary.
XVIL. The Pouder inmade-of the dryed Herbs. Be- ing applyed it ftops Bleeding in Wounds of any Part : If it is thus Compounded it will be better. Take of the Pouder of the dryed Herbs, j. ounce , Catechu,
Pouder of Toads, Man’s Blood dryed and Pouder'd, of
each half an ounce; mix them for a Pouder to {top Bleed- ing internally or externally, which it does incompara- bly: It’ drys up Catarrhs, and is good againft the Dropfy. Dofe from half a dram to a dram, at night.
Vl. The Su/phureous Tinture. It has all the Virtues of the Effence, befides which it is more dry- ing and healing. Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams. It ftrengthens the Stomach admirably, refifts Vomit- ing, and caufes a good Digeftion.
xIX. The Saline Tintture. Xt has alfo all the Virtues of the Effence, but is much more powerful againft all obftructions of the Vi/cera, as Liver, ‘Spleen, Womb, Reins, &c. It opens the ftoppages of the Urinary Paffages, bringing away Sand, Gra- vel, Filth, Matter and Slime. Dofe'from j. dram to ij.drams or more. Outwardly it is good againft old Sores, running Ulcers, inveterate Scabs, Cankers, and the like in any part of the Body.
XX. The Oily Tintture. It cures Palfies, Lame- nefs, Numbnef’, and all Pains and Aches, proceed- ing froma cold Caufe: it gives eafe in the Sciatica, and helps the cold Gout; it ftrengthens the Nerves, Mufcles, Veflels and Weakned Joynts, after Diflo- cations, and ftopsa Flux of Blood in any Part. In- wardly taken it is good againft the Coli¢k, .
2.
A * »? sy
hap. ‘,
Stone, and ob{truction of the Reins, Ureters and
‘ Bladder, and may be given from x. drops to xx. in a
Glafs of White Wine.
XXI. The Balfam. It cures green Wounds fome- times at firft dreifing, more efpecially if to ij. ounces hereof, half an ounce of Balfam de Chili is mixed, and {o applyed to the Part, the Blood and Filth be- ing firft wafht away with a little Spirit of Wine or Brandy: It cures alfo old Sores, Ulcers, Scurf’, Morphew, inveterate Scabs, ftubborn and rebellious Fiitula’s, and other like affetts of the flefhy parts. Tc draws forth Nails, Thorns, and Splinters of Wood, or other things gotten into the Flefh, ftrengthening much the Nerves, Ligaments and Joynts ; it is a fingular thing to cure wounds of the Head.
XXIL The Fixed Salt. It Purifies the Blood and Vifcera by Urine, deftroys the Acidities of the Lungs, and the actitude of the firft Digeftions, Fe- ee ng Dofe is j. feruple or more, in any fit
‘ehicle.
CHAP. W:
Of Water AGRIMONY the Male] j
Kind.
N
Wa
<> SSS
SS ; Vatid Wy Ls
v Ki» AK, ~¥ Z Y Sm Zr BA WE % ‘) we =
1 HE Names. It is called in Greek, "Evaeri. exer Sud env wd appevendy eves, In Latin, Eupa-
_torium aquaticum mas, Eupatorium Cannabinum mas, . Agrimonia aquatica mas : \n Englifh, Water Agrimony
~ Mak . - Dutch Agrimony.
7
. L
alfo Agrimony Hemp-like, and by Gerrard,
I]. The Kinds. It is of the third Species of Agrimony;, and_of the Water Kind it is the firft, mich is the Male, of which it is the Geyus to
bd
three other Kinds, wiz. 1. Our Englifh Male Water Agrimony. 2. The New-England, or Hemp- like Agrimony. 3. The Virginian Kind.
Ill. The Defeription. The Root # full of thready Jtrings of a mean Bignefs; from whence pring up long round Stalks and fomewhat reddifh, about aYard bigh or more, which are befet with long green Leaves, indented about the edges, whereof you fhall commonly Jee five or feven, hanging ape one Stem, like Hemp Leaves, but yet fofter. The Howers are Little, of a pale reddifh Colour, confifting of Round foft Tufts, which ftand upon the top of the Sprigs, and at length vanifh away into Down.
but has a bairy brittle Stalk, and narrow Leaves; Some dented, and fome not, two, three, or four Inches
Flowers confift of Moffié pale Threads on every Branch, out of $f Be Husks or Heads, which with the Seeds ts almoft infenfibly carried away with the Wind, fo that one would think it to have no Seed at all.
V. The Virginian bas a great, bard, folid, brown,
wonderfully full of Long Branches, from the bottom, Set with Foynts, {potted red, on the younger green ones, with large green Leaves on them, having below ve Leaves on a Stalk, thofe upwards but three, yet larger than the former, the Flowers and Seed are alfo larger, not rough but f{mooth, blackifh, and flat, conte out pacgnels of Tafte.
VI. The Places. The Englifh grows about the brinks of Ditches, and in Plafhes, as alfo on the edges of wet Grounds, and ftanding and running Waters, almoft every where. ;
but the Root is faid to continue.
VUI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the firft Degree: Is Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Vulnerary : It is by appropriation Hepatick and Splenetick; and of the number of A/teratives. But the Root as Ge/- ner thinks is Emetick.
IX. The Specification. 1am Informed by a Wor- thy Gentleman, that it particularly cures the Kings-
peculiar ona he knew it had by Experience.
X. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing hereof; but you may Prepare therefrom, 1. A Fuice. 2. A Pouder of the Herb. 3. A Decoétion. 4. A Balfam. 5. A Sulphureows Tinéure. 6. A Saline ‘Tintture. 7: An Oily Tintture.. 8. An Effence. 9. A¥ixed Salt. 10, A Wine of the Root.
The Virtues.
XI. The Fuice. It attenuates and takes thin grofs Humors, cleanfes and purifies the Blood, is good againft the Scrophula in Men, and the Rickets in Children. Dofe from j. Ounce to iij. mixt with Ale or Wine, in the Morning Fafting: It is alfo good againft Tertian Agues.
XII. The Pouder. It has the fame Virtues, and may-be given from j. dram to ij. drams, Morning and Evening, in a Glafs of new Beer or Wine.
XIII. The Decoffion. It is Traumatick, more efpecially if to viet ac of it ij. or iij. ounces of ftrong Cinnamon Water be added; and then be drunk Morning and Evening from iv. ounces to viij. ounces.
XIV. The Balfam. The Juice being Infpiffate tothe thicknefS of new Honey, is mixt with an
ual quantity of Turpentine,and Incorporated with a little Oil, over a gentle Fire. It is Vulnerary, and cleanfes and heals Wounds, either inward or
_Joutward, admiyably. XV. The
IV. The New-England Kiad, 7 like the former,”
long a Piece, and half an Inch broad, or lefs: the .
round Stalk, of three, four, or five koot high, is -
VIL. The Times. It Flowers in Fuly and Auguft, j and in Winter the Stalks and Leaves wither away, ~
Evil, and all forts of Users and Kiftula’s: which
6 ~ Salmon’s
XV. ‘he Sulpbureous Tintture. It is a fingular Traumatick, ad effeCtual againft Poyfon and Ma- lignity, Dofé.from j, dram to ij. drams.
XVI. The Saline Tinéture. { thing againft the Kings-Evil, and all Scrophulous
the: Vifcera , expelling grofs Humors by Urine. Dofe from j, dram to ij. drams, in White Wine. XVIL. The Oily Tinéure. 1 cleanfes Wounds,
helps Lamenef, {trengthens the Sinews, and is of
part aflited; Morning and Night. Inwardly taken from x. drops'to xij. or xv. in Wine, or Parfley, or
aundice: Dofe from j. ounce to ij. Wounds and llcers being wafhed therewith, it heals them. ; XIX. Fhe Fixed Salt. It opens the obftruétions
XX."The Wine. Gefner in his Epiftles, affirms that a Pugil of the Fibres of the Root, boiled in
ine, and the Wine Drunk, gave'him in an hours time one Stool, and afterwards ten Vomits, where- by he caft out much Flegm,; that it works (fays he) like white Hellebor, but much more eafily and fafe- ly, and that it did him much good.
re ‘CHAP. V.
Of Water AGRIMONY, the Female Kind. |
I S Bi E Names. It is called in Greek, "Evmari- exo Srud\eov wo Oinau yévoe, In Latin by Fufthius, Expatorium Adulterinumsby Gefner,Eupatorium A ua- ticums by Matthiolus, Eupatorium Vulgare, by Lobel, Expatorium Cannabinum Femina; by Bauhinus,Canna. ima aquatica folio tripartito divifo;, by Tabermonta- nus, Expatorium Cannabinum Chryfanthemum; by Do- doneus, Pfeudo-hepatorium Femina ; by Sardus, Ter-
Zola; and: by Camerarius, Expatorium Avicenne «
in Englifh, Female Water Agrimony, and Hemp-like Agrimony.
Il. The Kinds. This is the fecond poetics of Wa- ind, as you
whence Stalks grow up about two Foot high
and are of a dark purple Color. The Branches are many, growing at diftances near} equal one from the other ; the one Srom.one fide oftite Stalk, the other Srom the oppofite Point. The leaves are winged, and
much Indented on the edges. The Flowers row at
the Tops of the Branches, of a brown ellow Color, Spotted with black Spots, having a Subjfance within the midft of them, lke that of a Daify. you rub
them between your Fingers, they will Smell like to Gum Elemj, ofin or Cedar, when they are burnt.
The Seeds are long, and eafily flick to any Woollen
in It plainly differs from our Common Agrimo-
NY, becaufe it wants rhe interpofed little Leaves: and its Flowers are much unlike, nea
Herbal.“ Lib.L.
IV. ‘Ihe Places. It grows in cold Grounds, by Ponds and Ditch fides, as alfo by running Waters ; and fometimes you {hall find it to grow in the very Water it felf:
V. The Times. It Flowers in Fuly and Auguft ; and the Seed is ripe not long after the fading of the Flower.
VI. The Qualities. Tt is hot and dry in the firft Degree : it is opening, cleanfing, Peftoral,and Trau- matick ; and by ap ropriation is Hepatick, and Pul- monick, or P sea ; it is Sudbtifick “and Alterative.
VII. Fhe Specification. It is faid to be a pecu- liar cleanfer of the Blood; and reftorer of its Crafis ; and has a fingular Property in curing of old Ulcers and Fiftula’s,
VIII. The Preparations. "The Shops prepare no- thing from it; but there may be made thereof, 1. A Decottion. 2. A Fuice. 3- A Balfam of the Juice. 4. An Effence. 5: A Spirituous Tindure,
6. A Saline Tintture, 7. An Oily Tinéture. 8, Afhes. x
The Virtues.
X. The Fuice. It provokes the Terms in Women;
Ties of Fumitory, trettifies the faltnefS and fharpnefs of the Blood: it is good a- gainft Scabs, Itch, falt and thar Humors, Apo- ftems, &c. Dofé from j. ounce to ij. Morning, noon,
XL. The Balfam. Take of the Fuice vj ounces, Turpentine iij. ounces, Oil ij. ounces, Bees bor
the Fuice is gone. It is an excellent
7
the Gout, it abates the Tumor, and gives eafe in a Lips which hang down : the whole Plant ts of a firong »
Chap. 6 Englifh Herbs.
little time. Smell and bitterifh'I afte. XII. The Spirituous Tinfture. It is fingular good againft Agues, taken to the quantity of an ounce: It alfo heals all green Wounds ant old Sores, in- wardly taken, and outwardly wafht therewith. XI The Saline Tintture. Taken inwardly it is ood againft the Stone, opens ObftruGtions of the Fiver and Spleen, and is’ good apainft Leprofies, Cachexies, Dropfie and Yellow Leudice: It re-
prevails againft Gravel and ‘Tartarous Matter , whether in the Reins ot Bladder. Dofe from j. dram to ij. or more; in Ale or Wine. ;
XIV. The Oily Tintture. It is good againft the Stone in the Reins, being taken from iv. drops to xx. in a GlafS of Ale, ine, or fome Nephritick Water, as Parfly, or Arsmart water, Outwardly ufed, it is of Excellent Service againft a Cold Gout, and all manner of Aches and Pains proceedin from a Cold Caufe, in what part of the Body fo- ever ; it warms and Comforts the Part, and prevents d Gangrene and Sphacelus; and is good againit Scurf, Morphew, Itch and the like, being anointed on the dit.
XV. The Effence. It is Traumatick, and an ex- cellent thing to open Obftruftions of the Vifera, cleanfé the Bl and heal Ulcets of the Lungs, and has been approved of by fome to be good againft the Leprofie, inwardly taken from j. Ounce to ij. twice aday in fome proper Vehicle: things ee:
Proper being alfo outwardly applyed for the fame “Zs ) * purpofe. SS N
VI. The Fixed Salt. It Diflolves Tartar in the Blood, and Urinary Paffages, abforbs and eva- Loe pee a am aren ee beg oh A caufe of Scabs, Itch, Lepro Yy, and other breakings | sp. fj 7 ‘ . out of the Skin: it alf cuts and makes thin thoi | ce fig sidorad ew colours the Plant it feif
: h ght. Humours which are tough and thick, Dofe j- Scru-| yp, The Moxéeeie pi aris yi a
ple ina Glaf$ of White Wine. but yet larger in all the parts thereof, ay Stalks, Branches, Leaves and Flowers ; but the Leaves are more rough and hairy, and the Flowers of a more deep
Mlehoof Stoney, Pop
Of ALEHOOF, Great, Small, &c. y eV)
o> sith Wi THE Names. This Plant is called in Greek, SS) \ go WW Tj AN ® , y y |
CHAP. VI.
I Xapeinese@-; G Rioads yasdd neg, % Kersis ye¢caics. | In Latin, Hedera terre ris, Chameciffus, Co- rone Terra: and in Engl, Ground-Foy, Alehoof, Il. The Kinds. There are four forts, 1. The Common Ground Ivy, or Aleboof, called XaualescoG- Hiyas, x Tis sigaw@. Hedera terrefiris,Corona Terre, common or large Grownd Ivy, ot Aleboof. 2. Xa Haixiso@- uaxeis, Hedera terreftris Minor, the leffer ound Ivy. 3. Hedera terrefiris montana, Moun- tain Ground Ivy. 4. Hedera terreftris Saxatilis, Stone Aleboof, or Ground Ivy. | Il. The Defcription. The large Alehoof has a very large and thready Root, from which rifes many esr talks of an uncertain height, from 8. to 14. or 15. eine Inches long, it being but a low Herb, creeping and js) Spreading upon the Ground, hither and thither, all - 4 about: the Stalks are Slender, fomethin, cornered, i) ern and green, fometimes a little reddifh: from whence I i grow Leaves fomewhat broad and round, hairy, anda EHS YN\ ‘ittle nicked in the edges, for the moft part, two Leaves out of every Foynt. At the ‘oynts likewife with the Leaves, iowards the end of the Branches come forth hollow long Flowers, Saping at the ends,|_ VI. The Stone Alchoof creeps and {preads all a- of a blewifh purple colour, not much unlike to tho €,| bout the Ground, with its flendér weak Branches, fet of Germander, with white {pots upon the Label or with Leaves like the former by couples, bust larger . an
M/A, Lip
——
Uy ea msi
‘
3 | Solaian Herbal.
and more unevenly dented, or rather waved at the edges: the Flowers which ftand at the Foynts with the Leaves, are longer, the hoods larger, and of a pa- ler fei colour than the former.
I]. The Places. -The firft fort grows under Hedges, and by Ditch fides, High-ways, and by Houfes, in fhaddowed Lanes, and the borders of Meadows, and other wafte Grounds in moft places of the Kingdom. The fecond kind is found at the feet of old Trees in England and Germany, and ma- ny times in old Orchyatds. The Mountain grows upon Hills and Mountains. The laft kind grows in Narbone and Provence in France , and in fome places
Of Somerfetfbire, as Lobel fays. oar fe y
(il. The Times. They all begin to Flower in April, and continue flowering for a long time, even till the Summer is far fpent, and remain green not only in Summer, but alfo in Winter, and abiding the Winter, if it is not too vehement or fharp.
TX. The Qualities. They are all of one nature, hot and dry in the firft degree: but the two latter are dry in the fecond degree. They are epenure, Abfterfive, Bechicick, Attenuaters and Vulnerary : by Appropriation, they are Pettoral, Nephritick and Arthritick: and operate only as Alteratives.
X. The Specification. ‘They are peculiar againft
vehement Coughs and Catarrhs: the Mountain pre-
vails againft the Gout, and the Saxatile againft Stone and Gravel. ;
XI. The Preparations. The Shops have only the Herb and Flower; but from them you may prepare, 1. A, Fuice. 2. An Infufion. 3. A Decottion. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Mixture. 6. A Conferve. 7. A
~ Loboch. 8. An Ale. 9. A-Pouder.~ 10. Troches.
21. A Balfam. 12. A Cataplafm. 13. An Effence. 24. A Spirituous Tintture. 15. A Saline Tintture. 16. An Oily Tinéture. 17. A Diftilled Water. 18. A Spirit. 19. An Extrati, 20. A Fixed Salt. 21. An Ophthalmick.
The Virtues.
XML. The Fuice. It is bitter, cleanfing and open- ing the Obftructions of the Vifcéra: put into the Ears, it helps the Noife in them, as alfo their Ring- ing and Deafnef$, and is profitable againft the Jaun- dice, Catarrhs and Rhumatifms; it has Cured ma- ny (fays Hollerius) at point of Death. Dofe from j. ounce to iv. ounces, according to Age and
tre 6
siti The Infufion. Made in fair Water, or a weak Lime Water, and Drank three or four times.a day, from iv. to viij. ounces, it Cures Coughs, Colds, Spittings and Wheezings. —-
XIV. The Decoéfion. \t is a good Vulnerary and Bechicick, more efpecially if ij. ounces of Spirit of Wine or Brandy be added to every pint thereof: it difpofes old Sores, running Ulcers and Fiftula’s to a healing. Dofe from iij. ounces to vj. 3. or 4. times
a day. This Decoétion mixt with Honey and a lit- tle burnt Alu
is good to wafh Sore and Ulcerated Mouths, as alfo Ulcers in the Privy parts of Man or Woman.
XV. The Syrup. It is peculiar againft an old Cough, and other Diftempers of the Breft and Lungs, as Catarrhs, Wheazings, Afthma’s, Ulcers of the Lungs, fpitting of Blood, &c. Let it be often taken with a Liquorice Stick : or it may be taken a large fpoonful at a time, as oft as need requires.
XVI. The Mixture. “Take of the Fuice ij. ounces, Honey j. ounce, burnt Alum iij. drams, purified Ver- digrife balf a dram, mix iy well together: It Cures Sore Mouths and Throats, Ulcers of the Gums and Tonfils, as alfo other Ulcers and running Sores in other parts of the Body.
ib. 1.
XVII. The Caaferve, It opens the Breft and Lungs, and gives relief in Coughs, Colds, fhortnefS of Breath, Wheezings,and foreneis of Breft and Stomach.
XVIII. The Leboch. It is made of the clarified Juice, mixed with clarified Honey in equal propor- tions: and is good again{t the moft vehement and violent Coughs, very powerful againft Phthificks, or Ulcerations of the Lungs, caufing a {peedy healing , let it be taken with a Liquorifh Stick oftentimes in
a day.
XIX. The Ale. You may put ij. large handfuls of the green Herb to every Gallon of Ale, whilft Working: it is faid to clarify and make fine the Drink in about 24 hours time, from whence came the name of A/e-boof, or Tun-boof ,; and in old Time fupplyed the ufe of Hops: it makes the Drink very opening and Diuretick.
XX. The Pouder. Itismade of the dryed Leaves ; and is given from half a dram to a dram: it may be taken in iv. or v. ounces of its own diftilled Water ; it is faid to Cure the Yellow Jaundice in 7. or 8. days, and in 40. or 50. days the Sciatica.
XI The Troches. ‘They are made of the Pou- der aforegoing, with Ifing-glafs and white Sugar Candy : and are of excellent Ufe againft Coughs, Colds, Phthificks, Confumptions, Wheezings and fhortnefS of Breath, being held often in the Mouth, and fuffered gradually to diffolve, the Sick alfo drinking Milk every day, ina pretty large quantity.
XXII. The Balfam. \tismadeo the Juice Boiled to the thicknefS of new Honey 4 Ounces, mixed with Turpentine of Chio, and Oil of fweet Almonds, of each ij Ounces. It heals green Wounds, running Sores, old Ulcers, Fiftula’s, &c. after an admirable manner, being a pee to the Part.
XXII. The Cataplaim. Take Turpentine ij. ounces, Yolks of three new-laid Eggs, mix them well together, then add of the green Herb, cut Small and beaten in a Mortar, it large handfuls, mix and apply it; it gives excellent relief in the Gout, and other Pains of the Joynts; applyed hor to the Region of the Liver or Spleen, it eafes their Pains: and upon the Abdomen, it is {aid to be a pre= fent Remedy in the Colick.
XXIV. The Effence. It is excellent good againft weak and aching Backs, Coughs, Wheezings, Afth- ma’s, fhortnefS of Breath, {pitting Blood, Ulcers of the Lungs; and is fingular good for all Wounds, in- ward or outward, it cleanfés and rarifies, and is good againft any griping Pains, or windy Cholerick Hu- mors in Stomach, Spleen or Belly : it helps the Yel- low Jaundice, by opening the Obftructions of the Vifcera, and is good againft Poifon and Plague : it provokes Urine, and the Terms in Women ; arid be- ing Drunk with Wine for fome confiderable time, it is faid to Cure the Sciatica, as alfo the Gout in Hands, Knees or Feet, diffolves and difperfes the Peccant Humors, and fo gives eafe. Dofe ftom j ounce to ij ounces in Wine, Mead, &c.
XXV. The Spirituous Tinfure. It prevails a- againft Catarrhs, coldnef$ of the Stomach, {pittin Blood, Wind, Pains, Gripings, and other like Dif- affe€tions of Stomach, Liver, Spleen and Bowels. Dofe from j dram to ij drams, in its own diftilled Water, or other fit Vehicle.
XXVI. The Saline Tintture. Ut helps the Yel- low Jaundice, opens Obftructions of the Vi/cera, pro-~ vokes Urine and the Courfes, facilitates the Birth, expels Poifon and the Plague, and has all the Vir- tues of the Effence, but operates more by Urine. Defe from j dram to is any fit Liquor.
XXVIL The Oily Tinfure. It is good for the Sciatica or Hip Gout, as alfo the Gout in any other Part, proceeding from a cold Caufe, being anointed
very hot upon the part twice a day. a : : . 4 XXXVI, The
Chap. } ; XXVIII. The Diftilled Water. It is made from the Green Herb in Apri/ or May, and ufed chiefly as a Vehicle with moft of the former Preparations. XXIX. The Spirit. It is made of the Fermented . Juice, and is of fingular Ufe againft the Scurvy, whe- ther ina hot or cold Conftitution; it ftrengthens the Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite. Dofe from half an ounce to’j ounce, mixt with Wine, or with the Syrup of the Juice. , XXX. The Extraéf. It Cures Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs, and opens Obftructions of the Reins and Womb. Dofe j. dram or more, diffolved in Sack. It contributes as a Traumatick to the heal- ing of Wounds and Ulcers. _ XXXI. The Fixed Salt. It is Diuretick and Ne- ; phritick, opens Obftruétions of the Reins, Ureters | and Bladder, diffolves Tartarous Humors in thofe parts, or in the other Vi/cera, and is found by Ex- pole to be good againft Stones, Sand, Gravel,€%c. ing given from xij. grains to xxiiij. in its own di- ftilled Water, Parfley Water, Arfinart or Onion Wa- ter, and repeated twice a day. r XXXIL The Ophthalmick, or Eye Wah. Be Fuice ¢ Aleboof iij. ounces, Juice of Celandine, Fuice pp Dai- ies,Rofe Water,Honey,of each j.ounce nix and diffolve, then £4 it into the Eyes : It helps all Inflamations, Spots, Pin and Web, Itch, Smarting, and moft other Difaffetions of that part; and Cures, tho” almoft Blind. Ufe it 5 or 6 times a day, or oftner.
CHAP. VIL. Of ALEXANDERS,.
\ y ns N Su i r Muy Lays: , MM Z $ Ww Ae
exauders
—
—
I, a2 HE Names. It is called in Greek Vareciasvoy,
% Syveror. in Latin Hippofelinum, Smyrni-
um, Equapium, Olws atrum (from making the Pot-
tage black : ) in Englifh Alexanders, Alifanders, and Hoe pele. ce
The Kinds, or Species. It feems to be a Spe-
Se ee
cies of the Apia or Parfleys, this being the largeft of all, and therefore called Hippofelinum or Horfe- Parfley: This Species is faid to be twofold, 7. The Common or Englifh Alexanders. 2. The Cretick, or that whieh grows in Candy, but with us in-fome Gardens. re Ill. The Defcription. The Root zs great, thick and long, blackifh on the outfide, and white within. of a hot and bitterifh Tafte, {preading under Ground. From thence rifes up aStalk or Stalks, thick and round;
them, parted into fmaller divifions ‘den the Foynts iffue Branches, from whence, upon foot Stalks; pro- ceed Leaves, cut out into many parts, fomewbat re- Sembling Smallage, but greater, broader and rounder,
of thefe Branches, grow large tufts or umbles of white Howers: after which come great blackifh Seed, al- moft round, but a little ftraked on the back, of a bot Tafte, not much unlike that of the Root:
SMYRN_VM.
—-s N VALS <a
—— NE
IV. The Cretick or Candy Alexanders bas a Root almoft round, yet a little long withal, white on the outfide, which afterwards grows thicker and Longer, and greateft at top, ending {mall, and perifbing after it bas born Seed. From whence rifes up Leaves like Some kind of Selinum, tbe whole Leaf being large, and more divided into fmaller parts than the former, as if it were fome great Parfley, F a darkgreen fhi- ning colour, and dented about the edges, from the midft of which Leaves rifes up aStalk, round and iff, firm and not hollow, 4. feet high or bigher, having com- monly at all its Foynts whole and almoft round Leaves, yet Jomething longer than round, and here and there cut inon the edges, of ayellowifh green colour, which do not fo much compafs the Stalk, at the bottom of them, as that the Stalk in a manner grows through them: from the Foynts likewife rife fundry Branches, with the like yellowifh round Leaves on foem, and the Stalks running thro them to the top, refembling Through-wax, ov Through-leaf; where ffand thick
e y ; tufte
a Yard bigh, more or lefs, with fundry Leaves on —
and more cut in about the edges, fmooth alfo, and of a deepgreen colour, having a fomewhat hot and fpicy Tafte, and alittle bitter withal. At the extremities
cas Aad
IO Salmon’s
rufts or umbles of yellowifh Flowers, which spies rine, helps the Strangury and Cholick.
ield {mall round blackifh Seed, about the bignefs Radith Seed.
of
“Yj RS
Ane! OT) “yn \¥
A) \
~#) 2, - HY ey : GP 4) jo ins Yes
lite i eS WA. iG.
=
~ as
Nai
\ es )
WA
"ary, The. Plates. ey are commonly Sown in Gardey pesoetions i Europe, but the firft is alfo
found Wild in feveral Places in England, as at Preft- holm, an. fl: nd. on. He North of Anglefey ; on the
Rocks,near the Sea-fhoars in many places, in fome
B The, the Seed, becomes ripe in Augu/?': But Gerard will have it, that the is not ripe till the fecond year,
which I confefs I have not obferved. Yet being an man Plant, I fee not why its Seed fhould not be annual.
VIL. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third degree: Attenuating, Carminative, Diuretick and Lithontriptick., by Appropriation, it is Stomatick, Hyfterick and Nephritick ; and operates as an Al- terative.
VII. The Specification. It effe€tually provokes Urine, helps the Strangury, and prevails agaipft Gra- vel and Tartarous Matter in Reins and Bladder.
IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing ’ . of this Plant. But you may prepare from it, 1. A Pouder from the Seed. 2. A Decottion of the Roots and Leaves. 3. An Expreffed Fuice. 4. A Condite of the Roots. 5. A Bal/am of the Juice or green Herb. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Diflilled Water of the Plant. 8. Az Oi/ of the Seed.” 9. A Spirit from the Seed or Plant. 10. A Spirituows Tintlure. 12. An Oily Tinture. 13. A Salt trom the whole Plant. 14. da Effence.
The Virtues.
X. The Pouder from the Seed. Being taken from half a dram to j. dram in white Port or Rhemi/h Wine, or diftilled Water of the Plant, it powerful- ly provokes the Terms, expels the Birth, moves U-
Leaves, and app
Herbal. (bbe
breaks Wind, and is good againft the bitings of Serpents, Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Creatures.
I. The Decottion. It opens Obftru€tions, pro- vokes Urine and cleanfes the Blood admirably : it is good alfo for fuch as have ftoppages in their Urine, or are troubled with the Strangury. Dofe from iv. to viij. ounces.
XII. The Bags ed Fuice. Given from iij. to vj. ounces mixt wit aifh Wine, or white Port, it is a Specifick againft Stone and Gravel, eafes the Stran- gury, and brings away Urine or Matter obftructing Fl Urinary paffages, when almoft all other things
XIII. The Condite, or Pickled Roots. They are Eaten raw as a Sallet, with Oil, Vinegar and Pep- per: they ftrengthen the Stomach, ‘create a good Appetite, caufe Digeftion, refift Crudities, and ex- pel Tartarous and Vifcous Juices from the Stomach.
XIV. The Balfam. It is an excellent Vulnerary, curing all forts of green Wounds in a fhort time : it cleanfes running Sores, and old rotten I aa putrified Ulcers, and caufes them fpeedily to heal.
XV. The ee tis made of the bruifed
yed hot to the part afli€ted : bein; made of the Leaves boiled, it drys up old Sores fxtid Ulcers, without any pain, and heals them; and either difcuffes or maturates Scrophulous Tu- mors: if it is made of the raw Herb, beaten in a Mortar with the Yolks of Eggs, and applyed cold,
| it ftops bleeding in Wounds new made.
It may be Diftilled een Plant :
XVI. The Telted Water. oppage of
either from the orfiom the whole ae a Specifick againft Gravel and
itates the Birth ; opens Obftruéti- . ons of the Breft, ‘Lungs, oa Spleen, Reins-and
eh as alfo morning and evening.
XVIII. The Spirit. It isweaker than the Oil, but much pleafanter, and has all the fame Virtues, but
operates not in fo powerful'a manner. It is Carmi- ‘native and. Cordial, ‘and-given againft fainting Fits. Dofe j. ounce.
XIX. The Spirituous Tintlure. The Virtues are the fame with the Oil, but more penetrating ; and is indeed much more powerful than the Spirit, for that it abounds much more with the Sulphur of the Vegetable: it may be given in the diftilled Wa-
_| ter, from j. dram to ilj. drams, morning and night.
XX. The Saline Tintlure. It isa Lithontriptick, or Stone-breaker, opens all Obftru€tions of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, attenuates, cleanfes, brings a~ way Sand, Gravel and Tartarous Slime, opens the Womb, provokes the Terms, and ftrengthens that part, fo as to caufe FruitfulnefS in Women, and brings away both Birth and After-birth: it eafes the Spleen, and removes its ftoppages. Dofe from j. dram to iij. drams.
XXI. The Oily Tinéture. It has the Virtues of the former, but is particularly good againft the Pal- fie, being outwardly ‘anointed on the’ part, ‘afd in-. wardly taken from vj. drops to xx. “ina fit Vehicle.
XXII. The Salt of the whole Plant. Iris Ditite- tick and Nephritick in a peculiar manner, “provokes. Urine, brings away Sand and Gravel ;and’is tie again{t Difeates of the Brain and Nerves, by power-
¥
i 4e<
fully opening Obftruions. Dofe ftom x. grains to after which come in their lace > Small, Long. blackj J: {cruple, in its own diftilled Water. Seed, not unlike to Buel in me eae) me, blackifh XXIII. The Effence. It prevails againft Phlegm, | Root is 2» 18 as ones Finger or Thumb, and about
and a Phlegmatick habit of Body, opens Obftreety two Fingers long, whofe outward j ons of the Vifcera, cleanfes and purifies the Blood, }
warms a cold Stomach, is Carminative, provokes | colour ones Hands and Fingers with its red colour, if the Courfés, and brings away both Birth and After- | handled : its j tb ts whi.
| birth. Dofe j. punce, More or lefs, according to | whole Plant % of a eOick or Afiringent Tafte. . ae Neceffity and Age of thé Patient, ina Glafs of] IV. The t pretty large and ine.
thick, and of a dusky red colour, wit many Branches from the fame; thé Leaves are greater bed longer - CHAP. VIL ~
Of ALKANET.
Wie WA WM Wy YZ 3 WY
eed
ple colour, and the Seed following more Gfay, the whole being of a rough and aftringent Tafte.
V. The fmall yellow Alkanet 7 like unto the Sift, ' having a Root great in refpettto the Plan, red, and . . tender whilft it is oung, but growing blackifh and
and lives and abides after Seed time, which fome others do not , tts Leaves alfo are narrower and fhorter than the Ff, and covered with an Hoarynefs, asare alfo the talks, which in fome are but a a in others a foot and half high, with Smaller Leaves thereon: the Flowers are bollow and yellow like the Sirft, but er, the Seed alfo w like the Seed of the Sift efe Plants are famously known throughout all Europe, for the beautiful red colour contained in the Roots, which will coloyy White Wine of the delicate colour of deep Clarret,
The Places. They are nourifhed up with us, chiefly in Gardens, but the fecond of them, Lobe/ fays, grows near Rechefter in Kent , asalfo in the
a England, as in Devonfhire and Cornwall,
- The Times. They flower in Fuly and Aus ut, and the Seed is ripe not long after; and the Roots yield their glorious red or purple Juice of
inéture in Harveft time, as Diofcorides faith.
VIL. The Qualities. “Tr is Temperate as to heat and cold, butis dry in the fecond degree. It is Re- arid Abfterfive, Styptick, Aftringent, and
Taumatick or Vulnerary. And by Appropriation it is Stomatick, Cardiack, Hyfterick and Nephri- tick : of the Stock of Alteratives. ‘
IX. The Specheaing It is peculiar in refifting
Like the others, 5 fave that they are of a reddifp pur- q
L HE pe Bok It is called in Greek "Ay Kuen. in Latin. Anchufa, Onocleia, Bugloffa Hifpa-| of Poyfon, o nds, and ftopping Fluxes, Lkanet.
nica, and in Engli ¢ Preparations. The ay keep nothing Il. The Kinds. It is faid to be a Speciet of Bug-| hereof, but the Root; but thefe Preparations may
" — dofs; but of this there are feveral kin S, as, 1. The} be made thereftom, 1. Az Effence of the whole gteat yellow A/kaner, called fimply éyxv0a, Anchy- | Plant. 2. A Fuice. 3. A Decottion.. 4. A Wine.
fa. 2. The leffer A/hanet, with purple Flowers, | 5. A Vinegar. 6. A Spirituous Tinure. 7. A Sas illed ay xvoe Eriea Anchufa altera. 3. The {mall | dine TinZure. 8. AnOil. 9. A Cataplafm. 10. A
Cerote. 11, A Peffary. 12. Sanguis Veneris. The Virtues.
XL The Root. It is ufed to colour Wines mae
Syrups, Waters, Gellies, and fuch like things: ‘an
boiled in Wine, and taken with fweet Butter, it 7.
t hanet. Of thefe, we thall only difcourfé of the three firft, as being only ufeful for our purpofe. Ill. The Defetiption. Ry ot kind bas a great and thick Root, vg fh colour, with ma aes meee bsaiiibh boas the fame. The Leaves are long narrow, Il. The Effence of the whole Plant. Itis bind- : bairy an green, like the Leaves of Buglofs, which Le very thick upon the Ground : the Stalks rife up. and are compas round about thick with Leaves,which ane narrower than the former, they are r, and flender, not much above o foot and half whereof ftand fmal] yellow Flowers, t
of Inflamations, burning Heats, Eryfipelas, and the bitings of Venomous Beafts ; it ftrengthens a weak Back, and is good againft Fits of the Mother. Dofe
J- OF ij. ounces, nae XU The
Ty =
tet di tan of Be
12 Salmon’s Herbal. — Lib. I.
XII. The Fuice. - It has the Virtues of the Ef fence, but not fo pleafant to be taken, becaufe it is not of fo fine and pure a body: it may be kept ei- ther in a liquid form or infpiffated, as is the Spami/h Juice of Liquorice.
IV. The Decoffion. It. has the Virtues of the Effence, but not fo powerful ; it is of good Ufe in the Yellow Jaundice, and ftepping Fluxes of the Bowels or of the Womb. Dole iv. vj. or viij. ounces,
_ fweetned with treble refined Sugar.
XV. The Wine. It is made by Infufion of the Root, either frefh or dry, fo long or {0 often, till the Tingture is as deep as Blood. It is a Specifick in the Hepatick Flux, and in {topping all other kinds of Fluxes whatfoever. It is alfo a moft fingular
Fe er The oa. It or} ns vines “on ine, but is iar againft Morphew, > Le- profie, and dies Defilements of the Skin ; and pre- vails againft the bitings of Venomous Creatures, being inwardly taken, and outwardly applyed: Dofe j. or ij. ounces in any fit Vehicle. F
XVII. The Spirituows Tinfure. This is made only of the red of the Root, and has all the Virtues of the Effence and Wine, but is much more fit in cold Conftitutions, and where the Plague or any other infeftious Difeafe is feared. Dofe ij. drams, more or lef$ in Wine.
XVIII. The Saline Tinfure. It is made from the whole Plant, and has all the Virtues of the Plant in it; but this is more iar in opening fome Ob- ftructions, chiefly of the Reins; for it brings awa’ Sand and Gravel, kills Worms, and is good agai Fits of the Mother. Dofe ij. or iij. drams.
XIX. The Oil. Be Oil Olive j. pound, Oil of Spike vj. ounces, Oil of Funiper-berries ij. ounces,
Ikanet Roots ¥ ounces, make an Oil by a gentle Digeftion, in a Sand-heat, till it # very red. It is an excellent thing for deep Pun€tures, Wounds made with pointed Weapons, and Pun€tures or Wounds of the Nerves. é
XX. The Cataplafm. Take of the red part of the Root iv. ounces: beat it foft in a Stone Mortar , then add to it Oil of Mace by Expreffion iij. ounces, Mi- thridate ij. ounces, Oil of Spike half an ounce , mix them. \t isan excellent thingagain{t deep Pun€tures,
CHAP. IX. Of Clowns ALL--HEAL.
Clownes SA, A/heale
+ aN Eas = 452 x mG CRY ~ he < Saat \\) \; ake oA DADS Wi =SoyrS oe sy 0 ) 2 Vay 6 h ves ay a) Se WSR fc me ~ Givm ans 4 ‘ re . NV Gz hay AY vn \ wa \ 3 .t ewe = eX Se SDE DRAG - =. DRY. YAN Sy SPSS wel se ZUEN TM WQS . Wwe 4\ PINES Y/ (7. Re SAY NW ~ ANN ws O\R/ Ke \ a cA ’ Es
= }
Ss: —/ ¥ WON) ~ om \ APES Ni SEK
“e
I, HE Names. It hasno known Greek Name,
but is called in Latin, Panax Colont, Panax Heracleum. Alterum: and in Englifh, Clowns All- beal, and Clowns Wound-wort.
Il. The Kinds. It is accounted one of the kinds of Sideritw, and is, with Rastiafon, the fifteenth, called in Latin Sideritis Anglica Strumofa Radice, or Englifh Iron-wort with a Tuberous Root.
Ill. The Defcription. The Root # compofed of many long Strings, with fome tuberous long knobs com- monly growing among them, of a pale yellowifh or whitifh colour, from whence grows up four fquare, green, rough Stalks, balf a yard or two ~ high, furrowed in, a little upon every fauare, the Foynts
chiefly of the Nerves. A Cataplafin made of it with | ftanding fomewhat far afunder, with two very long
Whey or Cream, is good againft Burnings. - .
XXL, The Cerote. A ope being dhe of the pulp of the Root with a little Oil and Wax, Cures eld les: and made with Barley Meal, it prevails see an Eryfipelas, Leprofy, ‘Tettars and Ring-
orms.
XXII. The Peffary. A Peffary being made of the Root, viz. Of its eat , with Wax, Turpentine an Barley-flower, it is faid to bring away the Dea Child, and the After-birth.
XXIII Sanguss Veneris. It is thus made: kk Oil Olive tbij. Alkanet Root 3. or 4. ounces, Earth- Worms cleanfed or purged, number 40. boil them well together, then firain out whilft hot, and keep it clofe for Ufe. This was Invented by Foba Ardern, and is a moft fingular Vulnerary in deep Wounds and Punétures of the Nerves, made with Thrufts, Stabs or Pricking with any pointed Weapon, &c. it eafes the Pain, and prevents Convulfions.
and fomewhat dark green Leaves, bluntly dented a- bout the edges, and fharp pointed at the end: the Flowers ftand towards the t at the Stalks at the Foynts, as do thofe ms orehound, but end in Spiked tops, which Horehound does not, having Jong and much gaping hoods of a purplifh red colour, wit
whitifh fpots in them, ftanding in fomewhat rough
d | Husks, wherein afterwards fland blackifh round Seeds. d| The whole Plant zs of a flrong Smell, not much unlike
to ftinking Horehound.
IV. The Places. It grows almoft every where in England, by feveral Brooks and Di — and fometimes by the cir hone borders of Fields,as in Middlefex near London,by the Path-fides, in Fields ping to Chelfea and Kenfington , by Hackney, in the
itch-fides of a Field called The Shoulder of Mut- ton Field, and in Surry in St. George’s Fields ; and in the Meadows by Lambeth, and near Standgate : in Kent by Southfleet ; and on the back-fide, of the Church-yard of Nettlefteed, and.in fome near the foot of Shooters-bill : in Effex by the Di fides, and on the Ditch fideson the Left Hand of the Highway beyond Stratford Bow, as alfo in Cam~
Enghfh bridgefhire, Huntingtonfhire and Suffolk, in all which it grows plentifully. : :
The Times. It flowers in Fume and Fuly, and fometimes in Augu/?, and its {eed comes to ripenefs foon after, viz. in Auguft or September.
VI. The Qualities. It is hot in the fecond degree, and dry in the firft: It is Agglutinative, Aftringent and Vulnerary: and by seecpeatien, it is Nephri- tick and Arthritick; and of the kind of Alteratives.
VII. The Specification. It is abfolute for healing of Wounds whether inward or outward, and that by the firft intention.
VIL. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing of it; but you may prepare from it, 1. A Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Pouder. 4. A Diet-drink. 5. A Spirituous Tintture. 6. A Saline Tindlure. 7. An Oil. 8. A Balfam. 9. A Cataplafm. 10. An Emplafter. ;
The Virtues.
Peritoneum, as alfo in {pitting and vomitirig of blood, for it ftops the bleeding and confolidates the broken j iofe from halt'a dram to j. in any fit Vehi- cle; and outwardly being ftrewed upon Wounds it {tops their bleeding, and many times heals at the Intention: It is made of the dryed herb.
- XII. The Diet-drink. It is made by boiling the Herb in half Wine half Water: or by Tunning it u with new drink, four latgée handfulls of the her bruifed to every Gallon of new Ale or Beer, put u into a bag with a ftone in it to make it fink, and fo to work with the Drink ; which after 2 or 3 days may be drunk. It is an excellent thing to be taken a good draught of it at a time, morning, noon and night, by wounded people and fuch as have inve- terate running Sores, old Ulcers and rebellious Fi- ftula’s upon them: it alters the whole habit of the Body, and difpofes the Wounds, Ulcers, &c. toa fpeedy Healing, and a perfeé&t Cure.
XIUL The Spirituous Tintture. It has all the Virtues of the former, but is much better for inward Wounds, broken Veins, and Ruptures, €c. becaufe it more eafily and ey, Same into the Mafs of Blood, and brings it toa Balfamick Crafis. Dofej. dram to iij. drams in Alicant.
XIV. The Saline Tinture. This is better for the Cleanfing, Healing and Curing of Wounds and UI- cers of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, becaufe the ie neal more eafily and readily conveys the virtue of the Medicine to thofe parts: It is alfo Abftetfive, and Cleanfes thofe parts of Sand, Gravel, or any Tartarous matter lodged in, or —. to them. Dofe frcm j. dram to ij. drams in Smallage or Par- oi ee
much en and pore XVI. The Balfam. It Cures Wounds and Ulcers : the firft it does by the firft intention: the latter, by them, Cleanfing them, and then Healing them up as a Green Wound.
L “WHE Names:
Herbs. ~ ee _ XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of thé Green — Herb, by ¢hopping and bruifing it in a ftone Mortar; and then beating it up with a litte Hogs-lard: This applied heals up Wounds by the firft intention, clo- fing up the tips of them, without bringing the Wound. to matter. With this Cataplafm a Country-man,who had cut his Leg with 4 Sithe to the Bone, healed it perfectly in feven days.
XVII. The es made of the Juice infpiffate to the thicknefS of New Honey, the Pouder of the Herb, with Frankincenfe and a little Oil Olive: Itis_ good againft Ruptures of the Bowels, and is profi- tably applyed to both Azexrifm and Varix, more efpecially if Comfrey root is alfo added to it.
be
CHAP. X. Of Common ALL~HE AL.
All heal. FPanax w WH, recentorum ban Pee 5
WZ a V = 5
=:
>
It is called in Greek Midvat g odvaxes. in Latin, Panat, €% Panaces, Panax
Heracleum alterum; Panaces Peregrinum Dodonei, Panax Syriacum Theopbrafti;, and in Englifh A/-hea/, Common All-heal, Hercules his Common All-heal.
Il. The Kinds. There are feveral kinds of A//-
heals, or Wound-worts, as, 1. Clowns All-heal. 2. Hercules All-heal. 3. Efculapius his All-heal. 4. Doria’s All-heal or Wound-wort. Of the firft we have
already treated in the former Chapter. Of the third we {hall treat in the next Chapter: and of the fourth in Chap. 858 following. The fecond kind which is the Hercules All-heal is manifold, 1. The Common which is fixfold, 1. Panax Heracleum vel Herculeum Alterum, Hercules his common Al/-heal. 2. Panax Heracleum alterum Americanum. 3. Panax Coftinum Matthioli, Matthiolus his Coftus-like A//-heal. 4. Panax Racemof{um Americanum, The American clu- fter-bearing A//-heal.5. Panaces Mofchatum Ameri-
canum, The American Musked Ai-hea/, Of thefe five we
> =.
So Salmon’s Herbal.
we treat in this Chapter. 6. Panaces Hungaricum et Tartarianum, Hungarian and Tartarian All-beal, of which we have nothing hereto fay. II. The true, which is called Panax Heracleum Verum, The true Hercules Alora or Beater, yosen fee in its roper place, vrz. in . 857 following. : lL The Defcription. The hep Kind, e. Panax Herculeum alterum, or Hercules bis Common All- heal, has a Root fomewhat great, growing deep down into the Ground, with 2 or 3 long branches from it, of a whitifb yellow on the out fide, and more white within, full of a yellow Sap coming from it, if it is cut or broken, fs little firong fcent, and hot bitter ie more than either Leaf or Seed : from this root Springs many large winged Leaves round about upon the Ground, moft of them-two feet long, confifting of four, five or fix Couples of rough winged Leaves, fet
~ againft each other ona reund great footftalk, furrow-
ed on the upper fide, each of them confifting likewife of three ‘aati of rough but ae pe frefh, yellowifh green Leaves, and one at the end, broad be- low, and growing narrower to a point at the other end; the one fide of the leaf next its footftalk, being always deeper at the bottom than the other fide, and JSinely dented about the edges. rafting a little bor and biting in the mouth, and ielding forth a yellowifh juyce in the Summer, called Opopanax, much more Gum- my, hot and bitter than the leaves: from amongft thefe leaves rifes up a ftrong, great, round, green it 4or 5 feet high or more, with fome joynts and leaves
_ thereat, and a few branches towards the top, breaking
forth into fmall yellow umbles of flowers, which after-
wards yield whitifh, yellow, flat, fhort Seed. Note, | fe
Lobel Jotpales this to be the Panax Syriacum Theo- hrafti, which yields the Gum Opopanax, and not ithout fome ground of reafon for it, becaufe (fays be)
a famous Apothecary in Antwer found in a parcel of
the Gum Opopanax certain Seeds, which being Sowed
by him in his Garden produced this very Plant. °° IV. The fecond Kind, or Americanum bas a great and white Root with fundry long ftrings, and a pith in the middle, not enduring after Seed time, which is fometimes the fecond year after its {pringing up, and
Sometimes the third. From this Root fprings up a
Plant much like the laft, having fuch like winged leaves, fet in the fame manner, and the wings with 4, § or 6 Couples of Leaves, but differing in Greatnef{s and Colour , for the whole ftalk is not above half fe long, nor the leaves above half fo great in length or breadth, but rather fomewhat fhort, and of a deep green Colour, very much fhining on the upper fide, but of a paler green underneath, much hotter and harper in tafte than the former, (and not bitter ) drawing Water in- to the mouth. ‘The ftalk is feldom above a yard bigh with joynts, and leaves thereon, and more branches towards the top. than ihe other, and bearing larger umbles of lowers of a yellow Colour fucceeded by flat- tifh, but almoft round Seed of a pale brown Color. This is Suppyed to be the American Laferpitium, or Laferwort which yields a kind of Afla fetida.
. The third Kind, or Coftus /ike All-heal, differs not much in form from the fecond, but in its great-
nels, and in at lyk of its yellow juyce, which
this has not, and therefore is not of that Kind: this bas fuch large winged leaves, fet in the fame manner together, but leffer, each leaf whereof is larger than a Parfmp leaf, thicker, rougher and more crumpled,
alfo.a little dented about the edges. The ftalkis fmall
and about a yard high, full of joynts and leffer leaves fet at them, branched towards the tops, and bearing round tufts of yellow menage which follows flat and fomewhat round Seed: The Root is Sappy, with
. a thick flefhy Bark, and of a Jhining Afb Colour, bitter
and eo in tafte. VL The fourth Kind, or Clufter-bearing All-heal,
Lib. I.
has a Root of the thicknefs of ones Thumb, and ve: long, from whence rifes up a round, pithy, brownifh, purple ftalk, fet at the joynts with large leaves, divi- ded into many parts, ufually by three at a place, a lit- tle dented aioe the edges, bearing both at the joynts with the leaves and at the tops on fundry branches many tufts of flowers, made of fmall threads, like Vine Bloffoms ; at the firft greenifbh, but whiter afterwards, which turn into {mall branches of green Berries, and come afterwards to be of adark red when they are ripe, full of a pleafant juyce, with many Seeds therein. It Joofes both Stalks and Leaves every year,and they {pring up new again after Winter: the whole Plant, Leaves and Roots are eaten as Pot-herbs and Sallets, by the Indians, where it is natural; as alfo by our Euro
ans which deell among them, and tafte more pleafant than the Fruit it felf.
VII. The fifth Kind, or Panaces Mofchatum Ame- ricanum: The Root is long, white, and a little fharp and bitter, from whence fprings up its firft leaves, which are large, and about a foot long, only dented about the edges, fomewhat like unto Coftmaty leaves, lying on the Ground, and compaffing the long white. root at the head; but thofe which follow are V4 deeply cut in, that they reach to the middle Rib almoft : the ftalk rifes to be about a yard high, without any leaves thereon, fave only about the middle, where it has a Knot and a Leaf which encompaffes it, of a differing form from the reft: the top branches are fo heavily laden with umbles of white flowers, that before they open, they bang down their heads, which have fo ad- mirable, fweet and odoriferous fmell, that it is not in- erior to Musk, and may be fmelt a great way ) fre the place where it grows : the leaves tafte fharp and alit- tle bitter , the Seed is luke the firft Kind, but notfo broad.
VIII. The Places. The firft grows in Italy, and poaualy in our Gardens in many places; as in the
hyfick Gardens at Oxford, Weftminfler and Chel/ea: The fecond was brought from America, and is now Nourifhed in our Gardens alfo. The third grows on Mount Garganus in Apulia. The fourth fifth. grow in America, as in New-England, Canada, New- York, Maryland and Virginia.
1X. The Times. They all flower in the latter Sum- mer Months, and their Seed is perfefted in the end of Summer.
X. The Qualities. The herb, as alfo the Gum Opopanax, are hot and dry in the fecond degree, tho”
ome Authors will have the Gum to be hot in the 3d. degree, which I do not believe. The Herb, as alfo the Gum, Attenuate, Rarifie, DiftufS, Refolve; are Vulnerary, and very gently attra&t: and by their ap- peopeiation they are Cephalick, Stomatick, Pe&toral,
plenetick, Hyfterick and Arthritick. And are ac- counted among the numberof Alteratives; yet the Gum has been found fometimes to purge, tho’ but very gently ; for which reafon, it is often mixt with Catharticks.
XI. The Specification. Both Herb and Gum are fingular Vulnerarys, and are known to Cure Wounds and Ulcers before moft other things in the World, The Gum alfo is fpecifick in Difeafes of the Spleen and Womb, removing Vapors, and helping Fits of the Mother, as alfo outwardly to di or refolve hard Tumors or Swellings, (if refolvable) in what part of the Body foever.
XIL. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing of this Herb, but the Gum: from the Herb you may prepare. 1. A Pouder of the Seed. 2. A Fuyce. 3. An Effence. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Spirituous Tintlure, 6. A Saline Tinfture. 7. An Oily Tinture. 8 4 Decottion. 9. A Wine. 10. An Oil. 11. A Bal- fam. 12. An Ointment. 13. A Cataplafm, 14, An Emplafter or Cerote. From the Gum-you haye, 15. The ftrained or purified Gum. 16, Bills. of Opopa-
- Max.
mea ae
Chap. to. A Enghfb Herbs. 7 2 Is
Ulcers; and is a fingular thing for the curing of Fiftula’s, being injetted {calding hot into the fame: It gives eafe alfo in the Gout, and in all Aches and Pains from a cold caufe: And covers naked Bones
with Flefh. XXIV. The Ointment. It foftens the hardnefS of the Spleen, and is of good ufe in diffolving or dif cuffing hard fwellings of the Kings Evil. XXV. The Cataplafm. It is Difcuffive, Refoluz tive and Anodyn; and an excellent thing to be apply- 3 ed to Kings evil {wellings, or hard Tumor in Paitis and Wicers of the Bladder, and helps againft} any part of the Body: The Green Leaves beaten into Bic Berane, or difficulty in making Water : It] a Cotap/afm with Honey, and applyed, cures Wounds expels Worms, is good againft the bitings of mad | and Ulcers, incarnates, and covers naked Bones with Dogs, of any other Venomous ‘Creature. Dofe | Flefh. ‘ j. ourice, XXVI. The Cerot or Emplafter: Xt is Difcuffive, XV. The Effence. Tt is Cephalick, Pe€toral,] Refolutive-and Anodyn: and applyed to any weak Hyftetick and Vulherary, curing moft Difeafes of | Part of Joynt, it fo hens it, as to hinder an e He i afflux of Funoss to that Place: it is alfo good a- ainft Spafins and Cramps, and numnef§ of the imbs; helps the pain, fwellings, and hardnef§ of
tax. 17. AVolatil Acid Spirit. 18. A Diftilled Oi. 19. A Saline Tinfture of the Gum 20. A Balfam of theGum. 21. A Cerote of the Gum.
The Virtues.
XU. The Powder of the Seed. This drunk in Wotmwood Wine, fiom half a dram to j. dram, is good —s Poyfon, and the bitings of all Veno-
mous Creatures,. XIV. The Fuyce of the Herb. t is good againft
the fide, hardnefS in the Spleen, and firffocations of | the Spleen and Hypochonders, being fpread upon the Mother, provokes the Courfés and expels the | Leather or new Cloth and applyed. . Dofe to j.’otince in any proper Vehicle. The Virtues of the Gum Opopanax,
XXVIL. The pon or purified Gum. It isa Gummy Juyce flowing from the Root of Penax — Herculeum, being cut or wounded ; which is after- wards infpiffated or brought to a thicknefS, and is then called in the Greek, ’Awoxdvak; Apopanax; and in Latin, Opopanax: it is a fine fragrant Gum of a reddifh, or reddifh yellow color outwardly, ‘but in- wardly of a whitifh yellow: it comes out of the Plant white, and in round loofé drops, and is white within, but being glutinous it fticks together in Lumps, and by degrees it becomes thick, and of a Gold color on the out fide, but being diffolved is al- moft like Milk. It difcuffes Wind, purges Flegm which is thick and tough,, even from the remote
arts of the Body, as from the Head, Brain, Nerves, ei Reins and Womb: it diflolves Tartarous mucilage in the Breft, Lungs and Mifentery, digefts, and foftens Tumors, and is a good thing againft an old Cough, fharpnefs of Humors, fhortnets of Breath, difficulty in breathing, and other obftructions of the Vifcera. It is depurated by diffolving it in Vinegar, {training and infpiffating. It may be givenfrom half adram toa dram or more, correfted with Ginger, and Nutmeg. Diffolved in Vinegar and drunk an hour befor the Fit of an Ague, it is faid to cur¢
it.
XXVIII. The Pills of Opopanax. Take Opopa- | nax (made foft with Syrupus Catharticus prepared as in out Pharmacopeia Chirurgica) ij. ounces: Scam- mony fine Pouder iv. ounces: Cremor Tartari, a Sufficient quantity: Oil of Lemons ij. drams: mix
Virtues OF the EYfence, but is much more fit for cold Conftitutions, it ftrengthens the Brain, Nerves and Senfitive Parts, warms a cold Stomach, and is good dgainft atiy cold Diftafes in thofe Parts. Dofe
om j. drain to iij. in Ale, Mead, or Wine.
XVIII. The Saline Tinfure. It has:all the for-| mer Virtues, but is morggumalic™ againft all Difeafes of the Womb, Reins, Uretéts and Bladder, for it diffolvesall FaFtdrotis Slime, Sand, Gtavel‘and the like in thofe Parts: brings down the Courfes in Women, and forces away both Birth and Afterbirth, and clears the Urinary Paflages of whatever ob- &ruéts them. Dofe from j. dram to ij. in Wine or Parfley Water.
XIX. The Oily Tintlure. Wt is good againft the Colick, and Windinefs of the Bowels, and is faid to expel the dead ‘Child: it heals Wounds by the firft intention, efpecially thofe of the Nerves, and is good againft the Toothach, (held awhile in the Mouth) ‘old Sores, mimnef$ of the Limbs, Palfies, €c. oiitwardly applyed, by anointing therewith, and iene een, from vj. to xij. or xvj. drops in Ale, Be, ead, Wine, or fome proper Liquor. XX. The Decottion of the Herb, in water or Wine, ‘may be‘ufed as a Diet-Drink for the curing of Wouinds, old Ulcets, running Sores and Fiftula’s, and to heal internal Ulcersin the Lungs: Dofe iv,
V, Or Vj. ounces at a time, two or three'times a day ;|| avd make a mafs of Pills. Dofe from xvi. grains to it is faid geittly to evacuate Choler. | xxx. grains orhalf'a dram. They purge all Humors,
XXL The Wine. It is only an Infufion of the|.and from all parts of the Body, without making Herb in Wine, and is fomething more powerful, at | fick, or griping; diffolve and expel tartarous and leaft more ‘proper than the Decottion, for all the} fharp humors out of the Bowels, which are the fame purpofés in cold Conftitutions or habits of} original Caufes of the Gout, Stone, hardnefS of the Body, toeafe cold Difeafes.of ‘the Head-and Nerves, | Spleen, Hypochondriack Melancholy, and fits of the and give eafe in the Cholick : Dofe ij. or iij. ounces | Mother ; and have moft of the Virtues of the Gum or. more, twoor three times a day. at Seé?. 27. aforegoing: They are an excellent Medi-
XI. The Oi/. It is Vulnerary,and heals Wounds | cine, not enough to be valued, and may be taken safter -an-admirable manner: anointed it diffolves | twice or thrice Week, &c. Oecdema’s, or'cold Tumors in-any‘Part,Difcuffes hard | XXIX. The Volaril Acid Spirit. It is made of Awellings in the Joynts, and gives eafé in the Gout, | the Gum by Diftilling it ina GlafS Retort either in Spleen, and other Pains from a cold caufe, being | Sand, or Ba/neo Maria, #s we have taught in Our ~anointed on the place. Seplafium, lib. 9. cap. 40. felt. 8. It admirably XI. The Balfam. This is-mote excellent for | opens the obftruCtions of the Lungs, Liver, Spleen, of Wounds, -and commenly performs the} Bowels, Reins, Ureters and Womb; brings down
‘Work by the firft dntention ; it cleanfés and:heals | the Courfes, caufes Urine, and prevails againft Va- | pors
16 pors, and Fits of the Mother, and molt Difeafes in Women proceeding from a ftoppage of their Terms: Dofe from xx. to xxx. drops or more, in fome Hyfterick Water.
_ XXX. The Diftilled Oil, This is made with the Spirit, and comes laft after the Spirit, as is directed _ in the place afore quoted of Our Sep/afivm 5 it has the Virtues of the Spirit, but is much more naufeous to be taken, and is chiefly given again{t Fits of the Mother in Women from ij. drops to iv. or vj. in fome proper Liquor, but is moftly ufed in fuch like Cafes to anoint the Noftrils therewith, or to finell to.
XXXI. The Saline Tintture. It is a Famous thing, and has all the Virtnes of the fimple Gum, at fei. 27. aforegoing: But this opperates more {peedily, and more Powerfilly opens all obftructions _ of the Vi/cera, chiefly the Lungs, Spleen, Reins and Womb. Dofe from j. dram to ij. in a GlafS of White Port Wine, Mead, or other fit Vehicle.
XXXII. The Blfam. It is made of the Gum, diffelved in Vinegar iv.ounces, mixt with Turpentine, rs fr Capivij , of each iij. ounces: Gum Elemi, O:! Olive, Oil of Ben, of each ij. ounces: mix and evaporate to a juft confiftency. It cures Wounds by the firft intention, and is excellent in all Wounds of the Head, Brain, Nerves, Joynts, and other parts : it alfo cleanfes running Sores, old Ulcers, malign Fiftula’s, and quickly heals them.
XXXII. The Cerote. It made of the former Balfam, ly adding to, every xvj. ounces of Balfam, j. ounce and half of Oil of Peter, and a fuficient quantity of Wax, to bring it to a due confiftency of a foft’Cerote: \t cures Wounds in any part, and is an excellent thing to foften hard Tumors, difcufs or refolve them, as Nature moft defigns: It eafes the Govt, and Pains proceeding from’ a cold Caufe. ~ See a Diicourfe of the Gum more at large, in Our faid Seplufium, the place afore quoted.
The Virtues of Panax Coftinum.
XXXIV. Its Qualities. tis compleatly hot and dry in the third Degree. It opens, cleanfes, cuts, and makes thin; and by appropriation it is Cepha- lick, Petoral, Hepatick, Splenetick , Hyfterick and Nephritick : performing its operations altogether as an Alterative.
XXXV. The Specification. It is prevalent againft fhortnefs of Breath, Diftempers of the Head and Brain, and the Cholick, or Griping of the Guts.
XXXVI. The Preparations. You may Prepare
from it, 1. An Effence. 2. A Sprituous Tindture. }-
3. A Saline Tinéture. 4. An oY Tintlure. 5. A Decottion. 6. A Wine. 7. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
XXXVIL. The Effence.. It is an Admirable thing again{t cold Difeafes of the Head, Brain and Nerves, as Headaches, Vertigo’s, Fallingficknefs, Lethargies, Convulfions and the like: it is good again{t Coughs, Colds, fhortnefs of Breath, obftructions of the Lungs, Liver, Spleenand Womb. Dofe ij. or iij. fpoonfuls in aGlafs of Wine, Mead, or other proper Liquor.
XXXVI. The Spirituows Tinture. It Warms a cold Stomach, is good far Nerves obftru€ted, and chill’d Sangh Cold; and is prevalent againft the FallingficknefS, Spleen and Hypochondriack Melan- choly. Dofe from j. to itj. drams.
XXXIX. The Saline Tintture. It has all the Virtues of the Effence, and Spirituous Tin@ture, but heats not fo powerfully ; however it better opens obftruftions of the Vi/cera, provokes the Courfes, reprefies the Fits of the Mother, cleanfes the Womb, kills Worms, expels the Urine, Birth, Deadbirth,
Salmon’s Herbal.
Lib. I. and Afterbirth, and diffolves Tartarous Concretions, as Stone, Gravel, flimy matter, €7c. Dofe from j. dram to ij. in Parfly Water. XL. The Oily Tintture. It comforts the Nerves, rovokes Urine, helps in Difeafes of the Reins and ladder, and prevails againft Cramps, Convulfions,
Gouts, painsand aches proceeding from Cold, Palfies, Rheumatifms, being outwardly applyed, and in-
watdly taken from iv. drops to xij. in fome con-°
venient Vehicle.
XLI. The Decoftion. It opens Obftru&tions, dif- folves the Tartarous Matter which breeds the Gout, and carries of the moft of the Morbifick caufé by Urine. Dofé from iv. to viij. ounces.
XLII. The Wine. It expels Wind, ftrengthens the Stomach and Bowels, and is good againft the Cholick, or Gripings of the Guts. Dofe iij. or iv. ounces, morning and evening, or in Extremity.
XLII. The Cataplafm. \t is made of the Herb beaten ina Morter, and mixt with Hogs-Lard and Turpentine, of each of the two laft a like quantity. It gives eafe in the Gout, or any pain in the Joynts proceeding from a cold Caufe, is good againft Cramps, and the fhrinking up of the Sinews, by reafon of violent Convulfions.
CHAP. XI. Of ALL-HEAL of /E{culapius. I. HE Names. It is called in Greek Mdvaxes
*Acxatmucv: in Latin, Panax & Panaces Afclepium: and in Enghfh, /Efculapms his All- eal.
Il. The Kinds. Gerard fays it is a Ferulaceous Plant; of which there are faid to be five Kinds. 1. Panax Afclepium Lobelij , Lobel his Efculapi- us’s All-heal. Panax <Afclepium Matthioli , that of Matthiolus. 3. Pomax Afclepium Columne, That of Columna. 4. Panax Afclepium Dalecham- pij, That of Delechampius. 5. Panax A/clepimm Anguilare & Camerarij, That of Anguilara and Camerarius. Thefe differ not much one from ano- ther, being all Ferulaccows Plants, except ae Ae
Oe ;
a es
Chap. 12. ~ Exnglifh Herbs.
Dalechampiws ; and are much of a Nature, but not eafily to oe gotten except the firft, aud of that we
{hall only treat in this Chapter. Ill. The Defcription. The Root % long, white, and of a firong fmell, not growing deep, nor abiding after its giving Seed, from whence ferns up a flen- der Stalk, of about a Foot and a half high, crefted
and Foynted, and from thefe Foynts proceed Leaves,
bigger than thofe of Fennel, and alfo rougher, and of
a ftrong fmell: at the Tops of the Branches grow Umbles of Flowers; which are yellow, after which comes abroad and flattifh Seed, me Miao a that of Fennel, but more like to that of ¥erula, and of a quick im and fméll
IV. The Places. It was firft found growing in ge but now is nourifhed in our Gardens in Eg- and, as alfo in Gardens in moft places of Exrope.
V. The Times. It Flowers in June, Fuly and Auguff , and the Seed is ripe not long after, or in September, after which the Stalk with its Leaves
perifh. VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the inciding, abfterfive,
fecond Degree. cays & binding, ftrengthening, and Vulnerary , and by appro- priation is Cephalick, Neurotick, Hyfterick and Arthritick: It is alfo Alexipharmick and Alterative. VIL. The Spcification. It refifts Poyfon, and is found by long experience to be a famous healer of
Wounds.
VIII. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing of it, but you may prepare from it, 1. A Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. ASaline Tintiture. 4. An Oily Tintture. 5. A Decottion inWine. 6. A Spirituous Tintture from Flowers and Seed. 7. An Oil. 8. A Balfam. 9. A Cataplafm. 10. An Emplafter or
Oh.
The Virtues
IX. The Juice. Inwardly taken and outwardly apply’d, it isa good Vulnerary, healing, congluti-
‘ nating, and drying up Wounds. ; t not only heals and conglu-
X. The Effence. tinates Wounds, but cleanfes old and running Sores,
utrid Ulcers,. and cacoethick or ill condition’d iftula’s. It may be given inwardly from ij. to iij. ounces ; and Cloths wet in the fame may be apply’d to the Sore or Ulcer: if it is a Fiftula, it is to be inje€ted in,pretty hot,twicea day with a Syring. XI. The Saline Tinfure. It cuts, makes thin, cleanfes and carries off by Urine thick and tough humors; cleanfing the Breft and Lungs ftom all cold phlegmatick humors. Dofeé ij. drams or more. XII. The Oily Tinéture. Dropt into Wounds of the Nerves and Tendons,and plegets dipt in the fame and y’d upon the part ; itheals them commonly at
appl fikt dreffing.
XIU. The Decolfion in Wine. It is an Antidote againft Poyfon, and is profitably drank againft biting of Serpents, as Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, €%c. and other Poyfonous Creatures. Dofe vj. or viij. ounces.
XIV. The Spirituous Tintlure from the Flowers and Seed. It reftores the Habit of the Body, makes the Blood Balfamick, and gives it its due Crafis, in- ducing the healing of green Wounds, running Sores, old Ulcers, and other external breakings out in the Skin. Dofeé ij. drams, morning and evening in a draught of the Decoftion. _
XV. The Oi/. It fmooths the Skin, takesaway Wheals, Pufhes, Scurf; Morphew, and other break- ings out, being anointed therewith ; heals Wounds, cleanfes Ulcers, and brings them to a fpeedy cure.
XVI. The Balfam. It is made of the Fuice in- Spiffated to the thicknefs of New Honey, iv. ounces, mixed with Gum Elemi, Balfam Capivij, and Straf-
17
Burg Turpentine, Oil of Ben, of each ij. ounces It heals Wounds of the Head, Joynts, Nerves? Tendons, €%c. by the firft Intention, cleanfes Ulcers» Fiftula’s, €%c. Incarnates, arid fuddenly cures them.
XVII. The Cataplafm. At is made of the green Herb bruifed and beaten up with a little Honey. It cleanfes Ulcers powerfully, and is good againft fretting and running Sores, Cankers in the Mouth, Pufhes, €%c. being apply’d.
XVIIL The Cerote or Emplafter. It is made of the Balfam, by adding to every vj. ounces, Frankin- cenfe and Bee’s Wax, of each ij. ounces, mixing them over a gentle fire. It heals green Wounds, and incarnates Ulcers and heals them after cleanfing:
CHAT. XIL of ALL-SEED.
L “f° HE Names. It is called in the Greek, Tleavoweguov, In Latin, Poly/permon, and Polyfpermon Caffani Baffi, Atriplex Sy/vefiris: And
in Englifh, All-feed, or Wild Arrach, The Kinds. It is of the Kind of Bétes, and
Il. of the Wild fort, of which it is fingular: But fome Authors account it -among the number of Araches, and therefore call it Atriplex Sy/veftrés, but
it is none of thofe Plants,
Ill. The Defcription. The Root % white, lender andlong, with fome ftrings ; and the Plant is fome- thing like to the Blite, being one of tha Wild Kind as aforefaid, but leffer than the Garden Biite, the Leaves are uneven on their edges, broad towards the Stalk, and growing narrower till they end me! ina point, but yet round pointed: It bas feveral Stalks which are much Branched, on the upper parts of which 7s a great abundance of fmall Flowers, growing on long and [pikie greenifh Heads , fet very thick to- gether, after which follows the Seed, which being fo very eae and thick fet makes it look as if it was all Seed, whence came the name Sins ag - er
IV.
Seeds are black and fhining.
e %, £ ‘ 7 =
10 ~ Salmon’s* Herbal.
IV. The Places. It grows Wild, in many places in England, and in many Gardens as a weed, where it is Weeded out. .
V. The Times. It Flowers and Seeds from Fune to the end of Angu/t, or the beginning of Seprem- ber, the Seed being ripe not long after the falling of the Flowers.
VI. The Qualities. Jt is cold and moift (accord- ing to Galen) in the fecond Degree. It is fome- thing ot oa abfterfive and emollient: and by ap-
ropriation Uterine and Arthritick; being of the
tock of the Alteratives.
VII. The Specification. ts chief intention is to cool Inflamations, and foften hard Tumors.
VIll. The nile ots The Shops keep nothing of this Plant; but you may prepare therefrom.
1. An Effence. 2. A Fuice. 3. ADecottion. 4. An Ointment. 5. A Cataplafm. 6. A Pouder of the Seed.
The Virtues.
IX. The Effence. It cools inward Inflamations and abates the heat of Fevers, and is good inward- ly taken againft an Eryfipelas, and other like heats: and opens the obftruttions of the Liver. Dofe from j. to ij. ounces fweetned with Sugar.
-X. The Fuice. It has the Virtues of the Effence, but cools more, and is good to Gargle with ina
nad and is profitable againft heat of the Sto-]. .
mac Inflamation of the L It cleanfes the Womb, and makes the Belly Soluble. Dofe j. or ij. ounces in any fit Vehicle. Outwardly it is good to bathe with in an Eryfipelas.
XI. The Decolfion. It is good againft heat in the Reins, and fcalding of Urine in making Water: and if a little Nitre is difolved in it, it not only takes off the burning heat in Piffing, but opening all the Obftrutions of the Urinary paffages , it caufes a plentiful making of Uline, and takes off the heat of any Burning Fever tho never fo great. Dofe Vj. Or viij. ounces well fweetned with Sugar, in which half a dram of Nitre, or more sate dif- folved: it may betaken twicea day.
XII. The Ointment. It cools Inflamations, eafes pain of the Gout and other Aches proceeding from a hot caufe, and is good againft Scurff, Morphew, Scabs, Pimples, and other breakings out, and defile- ments of the Skin: and anointed is good to foften hard Tumors.
XII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Herb beaten in a Stone Morter, toevery handful of which ij. drams of Nitre in fine Pouder is put, and dif- folved, and brought to a confiftency with Bar/ Flower. It gives prefent eafe in the Gout, and all other pains proceeding froma hot Caufe. Is good in an Eryfipelas being fpread thin, as alfo Scurff, Morphew, Leprofy, and is to be renewed two or three times in twenty four Hours
XIV. The Pouder of the Seed. It is cooling, affects the Stomach, Reins, Bladder and Wonk taking away any preternatural heat in any of thofe parts: and being taken ftom half a dram toj. dram, it is faid to be an effeCtual cure for the Yellow Jaun- dice ; and to repref§ the overflowing of Choler.
CHAP. XII.
Of Gardn ANEMONIES.
E HE Names. This Plant is called in Ara- Bb bick, Fackick, Alnabamen, Sakaick, Mami-
va: inGreek, ’Avasde, dat 7% dvius, quafi herba Ven- | perfection ; with Thrums or
ti: in Latin alfo, Amemone, & Herba Venti: and in Englifh, Anemonie ave Wind-Flower.
Lib I.
I]. The Kinds. Some Authors “will have them of the Stock of Crowfoor, by reafon of the fhape of the Leaf: But to me it feems tobe a peculiar Plant of it felf: and is divided into three principal Kinds, viz. The Garden, the Wild, and the Baffard. The Garden Kinds are almoft innumerable, at leaftwife not eafie to be reckoned up; and for my part I be- lieve, it would puzle the moft experienced Floriff, oun a juft enumeration of them, and therefore I
not here ot it, but give Ke the Defcrip- tion of thefe few following. 1. The fingle Ance- mone, which is purple, red , blood-Colored, blew, yellow, white. The Double Anemone, which is red or fcarlet, purple, crimfon, blewifh, orange, tawny, white, €c. to which we add the following Wild Anemonies, viz. 3. The great Wild or Wood Jingle Anemone white. 4. The Smaller Wild or Wood fingle Anemone, purple, yellow, white. 5. The Wilde double Anemone, purple, red and_ white. Thefe laft three we Treat of in the next Chapter. The third Kind are the Baftard Anemonies, which tho” they may be accounted as one of the Kinds of the fame Tribe; yet by reafon the Englifh Name, which is Pa/gue-Flower, falls not in the prefent Let- ter of the Alphabet, we fhall refer you to its pro Place and Letter, which will be in Chap. 572. fol-
lowing.
NN ep IN
Ay. Ni Yaz i; << BA
Ill. The Defcription. 1. The jingle Garden Anemonie. It has a Root which thick and Tube- rous, or knobby; from whence rifes up many Leaves, much cut in or jagged, almoft like unto Adonis Flow- er, or not much unlike to the more jagged or finely cut Crowfoot, among which rifes up a Stalk or Stalks, bare or naked almoft up to the Top, at which place it ws fet with two or three Leaves: at the top of the Stalk comes forth a fair Hower confifting, fome of them, of fix, fome of feven, and fome of Eight Leaves, of a Delicate Color, fome purple, Some red, fome fhe | Some blew cone yl ow, eg ated we
olored, &c. impoffible to be defcribed, to their fu
ic Threads’ in the middle, of 2 blackifh purple Color, and fometimes various lored, according to the Color of the Flower. Bas
. Week or more, which then being genrly rubbed with
Chap. 13. Eaghj> Herbs... 19
here #8 10 be noted that the yellow Anemone differs nuch from all the reft of the fingle various Colored Anemonies, for its Leaf a much like to a Common Mallow Leaf finely dented about the edges, green on the top, and fomething reddifh underneath, its Flower # yellow, and the Head or Thrumb in the middle is yellow aff In all thefe Colored fingle Anemonies, when the Flowers are blown away, there
too thick, upon a pla Tubbs; after the Sowing, fift or
refemble the former fingle Anemone qos and Divided, as the red
Roots out of the Ground unplanted, untill Ashen D
this purpofe, you are to keep them neither too dry nor too moilt, that they may neither wither, {prout nor rot; and in Planting them, you muft not fer them intoo open and funny a place, but where they may have fomething of fhaddow.
VIL. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the third core. They Attenuate, Incide, and vehe- mently Attra&t ; and by Appropriation are Cepha- lick, Uterine and Arthiitick and are only Altera- tives in refpe&t to Heat or Cold.
VII: ‘The Specification. It is peculiar againft Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Lethargies, Madnefs, Ver- tigo’s proceeding from a cold and moift Humor, or Diftemper of the Head and Brain.
IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing: of this Plant in Store, but you may have, 1. The Roots, Stalks and Leaves. 2. The Fuice. 3. The Effence. 4. The Decottion. 5. A Mafticatory. 6. AGargarifm. 7. A Peffary. 8. An Ointment. 9. ACataplafm. 0, ASaline Tintture. 11. An Oily
Tinkture. D2 The
Flower of each sla 4 ; [s Deferiptions, and a necdle/s
multiplication of Wards to‘ no purpofe. V. The Places. Thefe were moft of them brought to us fromCon/tantinople, fome from Italy, and fome
from Germany; but now they are Inhabitants, and and may be found
Natives of our own Country, almoft every where in beden efpecially in Phy- JSick-Gardens, and the Gardens of induftrious Fo-
rifts.
VI. The Times. They Flower from the begining of Fanuary to the end of Apri/; and when they begin to fade, the Seed (where there isany) is car- tied away with the Wind. But if they bear Seed,
it muft be carefully gathered, but yet not before it is throughly ripe, which you may know by the Head, for when the Seed with the Woolinets begins to rife alittle of it felf, at the Lower end, it muft
then be prefently gathered, and laid to dry for a
| little dry Sand or Earth, will caufe the Seed to be fomewhat. better Separated, tho’ not perfectly from
3 _ /-_" a Se —— SS SSS es ee Se
an excellent Gargarifm or Liquid Errhine, purging the Head and Brain of all cold Humors. Let Phy- ficians talk what they pleafe, all the Cephalick or Head-purging Pills in the World cannot purge the Head and Brain like to powerful Errhines,Gargarifms or Matticatories.
XX. The Oily Tinture. This is indeed truly beneficial for all fuch as are troubled with Oedema’s, cold Tumors, Pains and Aches in any part of the Body from a cold Caufe, as alfo for fuch as are afflicted with Spafms, Cramps, Convulfions, weak- nefS of the Nerves, Tremblings, Numednefs, Pal- fies, and the like, being anointed effettually twice a day upon the place affected, (and in Palfies, along the Back Bone alfo;) and continuing the Ufe there- of, for fome confiderable time.
The Virtues.
x _ X. The Roots, Stalks and Leaves. Thefe boiled ‘Ss in Water, chiefly the Roots, or Roots and. Leaves, till fuch time as their fiery and biting Tafte is moftly : gone, and being Eaten as a Salet, with a little But- wa \ ter, Salt and Vinegar, are faid to encreafé Milk in ~ Nurfes. XI. The Fuice. - Being fimffed up the Nofe morning and evening, but chiefly at Bed time, it . mightily Purges the Head and Brain, and brings a- eS mee! abundance of cold, moift, flegmatick Humors, ax and thereby frees the Patient from Apoplexies, Epi- Pade lepfies, Lethargies, and moft other cold Diftempers , 3 of the Head, Brain and Nerves, caufed by thofe Hu. a mors lodged in the Head, in the Cavities of the be Brain, or between the Meminges thereof, vis. be- Bp er tween the Pia and Dura Mater.
XII. The Effence. \t has the fame Virtues, be- , ing ufed as an Errhine, but is chiefly given inwardly to provoke the Terms, bring away the Birth, After- birth, or Dead Child. Injected into running Sores, old Ulcers and Fiftula’s, it admirably cleanfes them, and difpofes them to healing. Dofe from half an
ounce to j. ounce, in any proper Vehicle.
XII. ‘The Decottion. If it is made of the Leaves with half Water half Wine, it powerfully provokes the Terms, and brings away the Dead Childs and the Body or Places atfeted being bathed therewith, it Cures Sun-burnings, Tanning, Scurff, Morphew,
’ nl Scabs, &c.. Dofe iv. ounces twice a day.
V. The Mafticatory. The Root chewed in the
Mouth, draws out a Flux of cold Rheum, by which
the Tooth-ach, Head-ach, Megrim, Apoplexies,
Epilepfies, Carus, Lethargies, and other fleepy Di-
feafes proceeding from a cold and moift ae are
ed
ured. :
XV. The Gargarifm. It is made of equal parts
of the Juice and Decoftion mixt together, in which,
‘to every iv. ounces of the Mixture, ij. drams of Ni-
e tre are added and diffolved.. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice and Mafticatory, and purges and clean-
fes the Head and Brain fo ainistly as to Cure all
thofe Difeafes afore-named of thofe parts; and
where they are not prefent, but are only feared from
a coldnefs of the Head and Parts adjacent, a Slee-
pinefs, and a being ftuffed with cold flegmatick Hu-
mors; the ufe hereof now and. then prevents their coming, and fecures the Patient for the future.
Xvi The Peffary. It ismade either of the Root cut into form, or of the Juice made up with melted Wax and Barley Flower ; put up into the Womb or Vagina, it opens the Veins of the Womb, and by its attractive force, provokes and draws down the Terms: but it ought to be feveral times renewed, taking proper things alfo by the Mouth.
XVIL The Ointment. It is made of the green Herb or Juice. The Eye-lids being anointed there- with, it helps Ophthalmies or InHamations of the Eyes; and applyed to running Sores, old Ulcers,
utrid Fiftula’s, and other malign and corroding efilements, it perfettly cleanfes them, ftrenthens the Part Affected, and promotes their healing.
XVIII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the green Herb beaten with Hogs Lard, in which a little Alum and Nitre, in fine Pouder, are mixt and diffolved : applyed, it eafes Pain inany Part, and Cures Scurff, Morphew and Leprofie, being ufed for fome confi- derable time.
XIX. The Saline Tinéure. The External Parts of the Body being wafhed with it, it removes all forts of Defilements, cleanfing the Part, and killing the Humor, by deftroying the Ferment which breeds it. Mixt with double quantity of Juice, it becomes
CHAP. XIV. of Wild ANEMONES.
Wild ranemon E, Ureat ;
5 HE Names. This Plant is called in Greed, "Avevon dyer. in Latin, Anemone Sylveftras, Anemone Nemorum, Herba Venti Sylveftris , and in Englith, Wi/d Anemone.
Il. The Kinds. They are twofold, 1. The fingle Anemones. 2. The double Anemones. The fingle Anemones Wild are, 1. The Greater or Broad-leav- ed Wild White Azemone. 2. The Common. or Smaller-leaved Wild Azemone, Purple, Carnation, Yellow, White. 3. The Wild double Amemone, Purple, Red, White.
I. The Defcription. 1. The Greater or Broad- ~ leav’d Wild White Anemone. ‘The Root com of a or great number of long black Strings,encreafing very much by running under Ground, and fhooting ri in divers
laces, from whence {prings forth divers broad green aves, cut into drvifions, and dented about, very like untoa broad Leav’d Crowfoot, from among ie << rifes ae
Chap. 14. . Exglifh Herbs. me
rifes up a Stalk, having fome fuch hike cut Leaves inthe middle thereof, as grow below, but fmaller ; on the top whereof flands one large white Flower, confi- fling of five Leaves for the moft part, with fome yellow “Threads in the middle, ftanding about Juch a green Head as you fee in the Garden Anemones, which growing greater after the Flower ds paft, 7 compofed of many Jmall Seeds, wrapped up in a white kind of Down, which as foon as they are ripe, raife them- Selves up from the bottom of the Head, and fly away with the Wind, as the Garden kinds do.
IV. 2. The Common or Smaller-leav’d Wild fin- gle-flower’d Anemone. It has a Root long and {mall, Somewhat lke unto the Root of Polypody, creeping under the upper cruft of the Earth, from whence rifes up one or two, and fometimes more fmall, round, naked Stalks, bearing about the middle of them, {mall, Soft and tender jagged Leaves, deeply cut in and in- dented on the edges about, from above which alfo does grow the Stalk, bearing fmall Flowers, Purple, Car- nation, Yellow or White, not much unlike to a Crow- foot, ( ftanding upon weak foot Stalks) with fome
Threads in the middle. ANEMO NE.
Ar € >}
( i '. ~ lA iy ~ 3 : ay / 7 f “S > (—— Ne ¢ 7 y AS Dare =A) ON 3 “ PK Ns f s% iS
AN hel r\\ Hs + Re aRY nailer ™® Mild A C1740 ne.
V. 3. The Wild double-flower’d Anxemone.. This
double kind 7s very like unto the fingle white kind
before defcribed, both in its long running Roots, and its thin jagged Leaves, but fomewbat larger: the Flowers whereof are very thick and double, but /mall, of a faint fweet Scent, which are £, a purple, red, or white colour after they are blown, for five or fix days ; the purple and red are of a fine light colour towards the tops of the Leaves, but the bottoms of the Leaves of a very deep colour of the kind: and the White-
. Howered are very white when full blown, but after- wards they become a little purplifh on the infide, but
more on the outfide, after which comes a fmall Head like the former kinds, but feldom or never give any Seed, ees the White kind.
VL The Places. The firft broad-leav’d grows
Wild in divers places of Au/ffria and Hungary; but with us, is nourifht up in Gardens :- the other fingle } Sk
kinds grow wild in moft places in Eng/and, in Woods, Copfes, Groves, Orchards, &c. except that with yellow Flowers. The double-flowered are only found in Gardens; but C/u/iws fays they are found in the Low Countries; in a Wood near Lo- vain. aT
VIL. The Times. They flower from the begins ning of March, (which is the earlieft) and continue flowering till May, or the middle of May; and thé
double kinds begin to flower prefently after the fine —
gle kinds are paft. VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
third degree. They cut, incide, attenuate, attract
and inflame; are dedicated to the Head, Womb and
Joynts, and Alteratives only in their Opération.
1X. The Specification.. They are iar againft cold and moift Diftempers of the Head, Brain and Womb, and to cleanfé old Ulcers.
X. The Preparations. Tho’ the Shops keep no- thing of this Plant, yet you may prepare therefrom; 1. A Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decoition.
A Gargarifm. 5. A Saline Tintture. 6. An oily ‘Tintlure. 7. An Ointment. 8..A Cataplafm: 9:
A Mafticatory. 10. A Peffary. The Virtues.
Il. The Effence. It has the fame Virtues ufed
as an Errhine; but is moft commonly given inwardly,
from ij. drams to halfan ounce,mixed with a draught
‘of Mead, Wine, or fome proper Water, to open
Obftructions of the Womb. at to bring down ef-
feétually the Terms in Women, as alfo to haften the Sah, ae bring away the After-birth.
. The Decoétion. It is not fo hot as the for-
mer, and therefore not fo ftrong, but yet is effettual
| for the fame things the Effence is, but may be given in a larger Dofe, as from ij. ounces to iij. fweetned .
with white Sugar.
XIV. The Gargarifm. It is made of the Juice or Effence, mixt with an equal quantity of the Deco- €tion, to 8. ounces of which you may-add iij. drams of pure Nitre, diffolving it therein. Ufed as a Gar- gle, it powerfully attra&s cold and moift Humors out of the Head and Brain, and Parts adjacent, and fo is good in the Cure of thofe Difeafes, the Juice is faid to be good againft.
XV. The Saline Tintture. It more powerfully opens the Womb than the Effence does, and is ufed in inveterate Obftru€tions thereof when the Effence is not found powerful enough. It alfo opens Ob- {tructions of the Reins and Bladder, provokes Urin, and expels Sand.and Tartarous Mattter. Dofe from j- dram to ij. in fome fit Vehicle.
XVI. The Oily Tintlure. Tho’ this may be ufed inwardly, yet -its chief Ufe is for External Applica- tions againft Weaknef$ and cold Afte€tions of the Nerves, Tendons, Ligaments and Joynts; againft all forts of Aches and Peihs proceeding from Cold, or an Afflux of cold Humors, as alfo againft Num- ednefs, Tremblings, Cramps, Convulfions, Palfies, and the like Difaftections of the Nerves.
XVIL. The Ointment. It has the Virtues of the Oily Tin&ture, but not fo powerful, but is better for cleanfing old running Sores, fxtid Ulcers, malign and rebellious Fiftula’s, and taking away Scabs, Itch, Scurff, Morphew, and other like Defilements of the
in
XVII. The
22 ~ Salmon’s Herbal. Lib.
XVII. The Cataplafm. It has the Virtues of the | out of st felf an Oily, or rather Gummy,Liquor, which Ointment, opens the Pores of the Skin more, and | being infpiffated Yields no unpleafant Gum, and not prevails againft Scabs, Scurff, Morphew, Leprofie,€7c. | much unlike to Opcpanax, but yer it 7s not the fame
sty Fhe Mofticatory. \t has all the Virtues of | thing. From this Root fprings otg divers large agnd the Gargarifm, but is Perce to be ufed by fuch as | fair fpread winged Leaves, half a yard long, and cannot away with the other. It’s made of the Root. | /ometimes longer, made of many great and broad ones,
XX. The Peffary. It is made either of the Root | /et w/ually one againft another on a middle Rib, of a or Juice, with Wax and Barley-flower, and is put | pale, but frefh green colour, and dented about the up into the Womb, to bring down the Courfes. edges; from among which ufually arifes one round . e . hollow Stalk, very thick, and four or five feet high, with divers great Foynts, and Leaves fet on them, whofe foot-fialks do encompafs the main Stalk at their bottoms ; and from thence alfo, towards the top, comes forth Branches, with the hke, but leffer Leaves at them; and at their tops, there comes forth large round fpread Umbles e white Flowers, after which comes the Seed, which is fomewhat flat, thick, fhort, and of a whitifh brown colour , two always fet toge- ther, (as % ufual in thefe Umbelliferows Plants)
CHAP. XV. Of Garden ANGELICA.
I.°HE Names. It is called in Greek, *Ayysrtnd, (and yet fome Authors fay it was unknown to _ theGreeks, unlefS by fome other Name) in Latin Az- 2 (AE - gelicas and fo alfo in Englifb : and by this Name it which is a little crefied on the round Side. ; is called in almoft all European Nations, fo far as}. IV. The Places. It is found in great plenty in their Diet will admits Cords will have it to be Norrogy and land, where it grows very high, and anax Heracleum, but this I much queftion; yet | Whofe Inhabitants it is faid do eat it, for want ma- according to its Virtues, itmay very wall be account- s Bageee of other Food, peeling off the Bark: It is
ed among the number of the Ad/-heals : but its con- | 2/f faid to grow uponthe Rocks, not far ftom Ber- wick: But with us, it grows only in Gardens, being
denfeéd Juice is no Opopanax. Others, as Dodoneus | : aiid:-Eacuna, will hive it to be a kind of Loferpiti- | frlt brought hither from beyond Sea. um, ot Laferwort, but of that fee lib. 3. cap. 1is.| V- The Times. It flowers in July and Auguft, and 116. of this prefént Work. and the Seed is ripe not long after: if this Seed “is IL. The Kinds. There are four feveral kinds of | fuffered to fall of its own accord, it will more cer- Angelica; as, 1. The Garden Angelica. 2. The | tainly grow, than that which is gathered and fown 1S 3. The Water Angelica. 4.°The Mountain Yt Tee ae Sag Rsdnce didieth de Gccnt ‘hind: of whi et . x e xhalitiés. iti an in the iecon Book, Se MB steal Say posting fo thls | oe, ERR fier chin wi degtee, which I believe not.” Ir opens, incides, attenuates or makes ‘thin, Digéfts, Difeuffes, and is Sudorifick. As to its approptiation, it is Cephalick, Neurotick, Car- diac ig Hl ick. It is Bezoardick or Alexiphar- mick, Vulnerary, and the moft famous of all Vege- ie 1S fa . :
. The Specification. cis a peculiar Antidote againft Rs Plague or Peftilence, a all malign, in- fe€tious and peftilential Difeafes: it is alfo an An- tidote againtk 4 the Poyfon of Mad Dogs, the biting of sd ate Raile thakes, and other Serpents, or o- ther Venomous Creatures, and, as an Al/-hea/, Cures Wounds by the firft Intention: and is fingular againft the Scary i cold Conftitution, ~~
VIII. ‘fhe Preparations. The Shops fometimes keep hereof, 1. The dryed Root. _2.. The Seed. 3. A DiftilledWater from the whole Plant. 4. A Fuice from the ftefh Root and Herb. 5. Az Extra with Spirit of Wine. 6. The Root Candy’d. 7. A Diftil- led Oil which afcends with the Water. 8. A Ba/- Sam made with the faid Oil, and Oil of Nutmegs. 9. A Common Salt. Befides all thefe things, you may make therefrom, 10. A Syrup. 11. A Deco- tion. 12. AWine. 13. A Spirit, 14. ‘A Spiri- tuous Tindlure. 15. A Saline Tinfure. - 16> Az Oily Tintture. ye The Powers. 18, An Effence. 19. ABalfamfor Wounds. 20. AnOintment. zt, A Cataplafm. 22. A Cerote or Emplafter. 23, A Gargarifm. 24. An Errbine. Thevirtuesand ufes of all which follows.
\) A svi OAR NU NTN AN SIWS AV ZING LE il) Wt Jes f SC () Nias fa y) , i (A\ W 2 i { as Mr vi / Wass Py \ | \ i 7 ! |
The Virtues. re
IX. The dryed Root. Ufed as a Mafticatory, it attra&ts cold and moift humors out of the Head and Brain, and gives eafe.in the Tooth-Ach: the Pouder thereof taken to x dram, is good againft the bitings of Mad Dogs, bese and other kinds of, venomous.
Creatures, and alfo prevails againft the Pleurifie, f Plague, and.all other kinds of ‘infeStious Difeafes. Take of this Ponder j. dram, Baars ieee OR
Il. The Defcription. Oxr Garden. Angelica bas a Root, which 1 great and large, fometbing pulpy be- fore flowering , but after lowering it becomes woody, extending it felf into many and long Arms or Branches, which perifh after Seed-time ; but if the Plant, by being often cut down, is kept from feeding, the Root will then endure many years together : this
Root, if cut or bruifed, Jmells firong, and difcharges
- but not all out {0 powerful: the Pouder thereof may
yet againft the Plague, or malignity of any other
-caufe, being anointed thereon.. Inwardly taken to
Chap. 15. LEzgh/fh Hepht, ae 23
Coughs, and all forts of inward Obftru€tions of the Vifcera, chiefly of the Lungs, but is uféd moftly as a Vehicle to convey other Medicines in. Dofe from j- Ounce to ij. Ounces.
XIX. The Decoltion. . Taken from iiij. Ounces to viij. Ounces, it is good againft inward bruifes, and to diffolve congealed Blood ; ftrengthens the Stomach, and is eff againft the Suffocation of the Mother. It makes an excellent Wound-drink, for fuch as have — Gunfhot or Contufed Wounds, old Sores, running Ulcers, foetid and callous Fiftula’s, difpofing them to a {peedy healing.
XX. The Wine. It is to be made of the roots .and ftalks, (as is alfo the Deco&tion) and has all the Virtues of the Deco€tion, fave that this ismuch more © powerful to all the faid Intentions. Dofe from iij. to bs Pay on twice or thrice a day.
I. The Spirit. Itiseither Simple or Compound. The Simple is a moft famous Cordial, f{carcely infe- rior to any other Vegetable Cordial in the World: it removes Sicknef$ at Heart and Stomach, prevails againft Fainting, Swoonings and Convulfions, whe- ther in Old or Young, warms and comforts a cold and weak Stomach, and as much as may be, reftores old Age. I cannot fpeak enough in the praife of it! It refifts Poyfon, whether inward or outward, and the Contagion of a Peftilential Air. Dofe from j. dram to half an ounce, well dulcified with trebble refined Sugar, and then it may either be taken alone, or in a Glafs of Wine. The Compound Spirit you may have ‘its Compofition, Preparation and Virtues, in Our Pharmacopeia Londinenfis, Lib. 4. Cap. 1. Sef, 3. to which you are re
XII. The Spirituows Tintture. Xt is a great Cordial Reftorative, and an excellent thing for fuch as are wounded, and have old running Sores or Fi- ftula’s about them, which have been of long ftand- ing, and not eafily cured: for it alters and changes the difcrafy of the Bl and makes it more Bal- famick, as alfo the other Juices, and fo contributes’ to healing ; befides it has all the Virtues of the Spi- rit, and indeed much more powerful. It may be taken morning, noon and night, for fome confide- rable time, from ij. drams to half an ounce, in fome proper Vebiculum.
XII. The Saline Tindture. It is a good Vul- nerary, and carries off much of the Morbifck Facu- lencies and Defilement by Urine; opens Obftruéti- ons cf all the Vi/cera, takes away Heat, Burnings, is good againft the S ty, tog age of Urine, and other Difeafes of the Reins an Bladder: It is
ood againft fhortnefs of Breath, and difficulty of
reathing, becaufe it diffolves the Tartarous Muci- lage of the Lungs, &c. Dofe from j. dram to iij. drams in the Diftilled Water, or in Mead or White Wine.
XXIV. The Oily Tinfure. It is good to anoint with in the Gout and Sciatica, and all Pains and Aches of the Nerves, Tendons and Joynts, proceed- ing from a cold Caufe. Tis excellent againft Con- vulfions, Cramps, Numednefs, Lamenefs and Pal- fies, and the Scurvy in a cold Conftitution. You may anoint with it outwardly twice a day, and take it inwardly as often, from iv. drops to xvj. or xx. in any proper Liquor.
XXV. he Poteftates or Powers. They have all the Virtues of the Oil and Spirit, to which you are referred : *tis true they are not altogether fo ftrong as the Oil, but they are more fubtil and penetrat- ing, and more pleafant to be taken. Dofe is from j- dram to iij. or iv. in the Diftilled Water or Syrup, or in a glafs of Wine, thrice a day.
XXVL The Effence. This is the moft neceflary and ufeful of all the Preparations made of Angelica, and
is made of the Juice of the whole Plant. It is good agai
half, mix for a Dofes to be given in the aforefaid
Cates. X. The Seed. The Seed has the fame Virtues,
be given to j. dram or j. dram and half to Sweat up- on: it defends the Heart, Spirits and Blood againft Poyfon, and is a good prefervative againft Pettilen- tial Infection.
XI. The Diftilled Water from the whole Plant. It is Bezoartick and Alexipharmick, good againft Sick- nefs at Heart, which it many times eafes upon the fpot; but is moftly ufed as a Vehicle to convey o- ther preparations of this Plant, and others of like ati Th “fpilf of th d alfe . The infpiffate juice of the Root, and alfo o, the Herb. It Ke ieee and reftores, wee and attenuates thick humors, refifts Poyfon, and is
pidemick and infe€tious Difeafe: It Cures alfo the bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, &c. and is Pe€to- ral, good againft Wind in the Bowels, ae Hoarf- ne{s, Phthificks, Afthmas, fhortnefS of Breath, Pe- ripmeumonies, and indeed all Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs: outwardly applied, it warms, difcuffes, and refolves hard Tumors; and therefore is good in an Oedema and other like fwellings of the Joynts. Dofe inwardly is, from j. dram to ij. drams or more, diffolved in Wine and
XUL The Extrait with Spirit of Wine. Itis made of the Caput Mort. of the Herb and Plant after Di- ftillation, €7c. given from j. dram to ij. drams in Sack, it provokes Sweat powerfully, and is an Anti- dote -e the Plague or Peftilence, Meafles, Small- Pox, Spotted-Fever, Poyfon inwardly taken, or out- wardly given by the biting of any Venomous Crea- ture. It Cures Agues if given to Sweat upon.
XIV. The Candied Root. It is a pleafant thing, and being often eaten is good againft Coughs, Hoarf- nef$; and ftrengthens, heals and comforts a cold and weak Stomach.
XV. The Diftilled Oil which afcends with theWa- ter. Itisv owerful againft the Pleurifie, Ob- ftructions and Wind in the Bowels, the Colick and Gripings of the Guts, Poyfon of all Kinds, and: the Infection of the Plague or Peftilence: It is alfo good againft moft Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs, and has all the Virtues of the Infpiffate Juice of the Root, but this is more excellent, fubtil, penetrating and effeCtual: It opens all Obftruétions of the Urinary Paffages, provokes Urine and the Courfes, and ex- pels both Birth and After-birth. Dofe from i drops to Yo, firft dropt into Sugar, and mixt well there- with, and then mixt with a Glafs of Wine.
XVI. The Balfam with Oil of Nutmegs. Take Oil of Nutmegs or Mace made by expreffion j. ounce : Balfam of Peru, ij. drams: Oil of Angelica j. dram and half? mix them. It eafes all pains of the Head, as Head-Achs, Megrims, €c. proceeding from acold
j. Scruple, in a Bolus of Mithridate, or in any pro- per liquid Vehicle, it has all the Virtues of the Oil aforegoing : befides which, being, put into an hollow Tooth, it eafes the pains thereof:
XVIL. The fixed Salt of the whole Plant. Itisa fingular thing againft the Pleurifie, Peripneumony, Plague, or any Pettilential Difeafe, the Colick, Stran- gury, and ftoppage of Urine; for it abforbs the acid and acrimonious or malign humors, which is the caufe of thofe difaffeftions, it loofens the Blood, and caufes a prefent and fpeedy Circulation, and withall it opens all Obftru€tions of the Lungs, and caufes a free breathing. Dofe from j. Scruple to j. Dram, in the Diftilled Water, or in Wine, or other proper Vehicle.
VIII. The Syrup. It is Pe€toral, good againft
7 Simon's lord. “Lib.
XXX. The Cerote or Emplafter. The Pouder of the Root is made into a Plaifter, with the Juyce of the Roots Infpiffated to thicknefS of Honey, and Pitch added to it, with fufficient Quantity of Bees Wax. It draws ftrongly, and therefore is good to be 3 to the bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, &c. as alfo to the Sciatica, and the Gout whether in Hands or Feet.
XXXI. The Gargarifm. It is made of the Effence and Decoftion mixed in equal Quantities, with a third part of Vinegar. It heals Ulcers and Sores in the Mouth, and attra€ts cold Humors and - Rheums, from the Head: and Brain; it may be ufed morning and evening.
XXXII. The Errbine. It is made of the frefh Juyce drawn out of the Root and Stalks, in vj. ounces of which iij. drams of Sa/ Nirre in fine Pouder is diffolved. Being drawn up the Noftrils evening and morning, it admirably purges the Head and Brain of Cold, thick Flegm, and other Humors; which are the foundations and Caufes of many per- nicious Difeafes.
againft the Plague, and all forts of malign infetti- ons aad Peftitential Fevers: It refifts Poyfons of all forts, as the bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, Rattle Snakes, or any other Venomous Creature. It de- fends the Vital and Animal Spirits, and is a great prefervative againftall kinds of Peftilential Infetti- on. It gives eafe in all Pains and Torments comin of Cold, and is a moft. admirable thing again Peripneumoines or Inflamations of the Lungs and ’ Pleurifies. It is a great Pectoral, opening all ob- ftru€tions of the Breft and Lungs , and thereby gives relief in vehement and old Coughs, Hoarf- nef§, Afthma’s or difficulty of breathing, fhortnefs of Breath, and Phthificks. It gives prefent eafe in the Colick, Provokes the Terms, haftens and faci- litates the Birth, and brings away the After-birth and dead Child. It opens all obftruftions of the Liver, Spleen, Gall, Bowels, and Mefentery, dif- cuffes inward Tumors, and Cures Agues, if given feveral times, fo as to {weat well upon it. And as it mightily ftrengthens and fortifies the Stomach, fo it is one of the beft things againft a Sufeit in the World, a Vomit or Emetick being given before hand. Dropt into the Eyes it clears them from Clouds, Fitms, Specks, Pearls, €c. and ftrengthens the Sight. Dropt into the Ears, it helps their pain and deafnefS, noife and finging in them: It heals inward Bruiles, diffolves congealed Blood, and is one of the beft remedies againft a Cold Scurvey. Lajftly, It is a moft fingular Vulnerary, not inferior to any of the Ad/-heals, Confounds, or Wound Herbs: and being given inwardly dietetically it is inferior to no kind of Woynd-drink whatfoever, for after an admirable manner, it difpofes all Wounds, of what kind fo ever, (if curable, ) as alfo running Sores, old Ulcers, and Fiftula’s, to a very fpeedy healing. Dofe from Pi ounce to iij. or iv. ounces, two or three times a day, according as you fee the occafion requites.
XXVIL Lhe Balfam for Wounds. Take of the Furce of the Root and Stalks infpifared to the thick nefs of new Honey vj. ounces, Gum Elemi iij. ounces, Balfam Capivij, Balfam of Pera, of each ij. ounces, Chio Turpentine }. ounce, mix and melt together , and flir them till they are nearly cold. Or take Oil Ole a Pound and a balf, of the Roots Stalks and Leaves well Bruifed together, iv. handfuls, boil till ihey are Crifp, and prefs out the Oil; this work re- peat three times, worth the fame quantity of Bruifed Roots, &c. Lattly, Pre/s forth the Oil: then to e- very vi. ounces of this Oil, add Gum Elem iij. ounces: Batfam Captor, and Peru, Duties of each i ounces: Chio Turpentine}. ounce, mix them well. Thefe Balfams whether the firft, or fecond, cure all fimple Wounds by the firft Intenti- on: Cleanfe running Sores, old Ulcers, and Fiftu- la’s, of all their filth, then Incarnate, and in a ve- {hort time heal them, almoft to a wonder. Ap- ply’d alfo, they give eafe inthe Gout. And in ul: cers, where the Bone is bare, the Pouder ftrewed on, and the Balfam apply’d over that, covers the Bone with Flefh, and heals it up.
XXVIII. The Ointment. It has the Virtues of the Balfam, but not altogether fo powerful: yet a fingular Vulnerary, heals Wounds and Ulcers, and eafes pains in any part being anointed thereon.
XIX. The Cataplafm. \t is made of the Roots and Stalks fhred fimall and beaten to a Pulp, mixt with Hogs Lard, and Crums of Wheaten Bread, till it is of a Confiftencie. It is good againft the Gout, Sciatica, or any External pain from a Cold Caufe : and is of fingular ufé being prefently apply’d to the Biting of Mad Dogs, Serpents, &c. to draw forth the Poyfon: applyed to the Region of the Spleen, it eafes the pain thereof:
CHAP. XVI.
Of Wid ANGELICA.
I. HE Names. Xt is called in the Greek, "Ayyermi adygias in Latin, Angelica Syl- veftris: and in Englifh, Wild Angelica. Il. The Kind. It is the fecond Species of An- gilica before enumerated in chap. 15. feé#. 2. aforego- ing : and of this there is agreater and leffer fort.
Wild Angcttec a
i s EDs y AN TIS PAS , NY toe = WwW Nasi, ‘ SN 4 “8 RUA Wye WWW pe 71)\- AS \\ Oi SWiEew7N > \ < t ‘Fas = 4
III. The Defcription. The greater fort. The Root of this is nothing fo great as the former, nei- ther are the firings fo great or long, but it is of a blacker Color on the out fide, of a pretty Strong foent, But nothing near fo Aromatick, as the Garden hind : From this Root rifes up large [pread Leaves on the Ground , having fmaller Stalks, and leffer Divi-
10S
re oe A a Oe act - 4 .
aves not much unlike the Garden Angelica;
pt in the Magnitude, the Stalks alfo being red-
of Angeli-| difh: at the top of these Stalks grow Umbiis of
ca, tho Wild: The Stalks are much Stenderer and | white Flowers, yet lejjer than the other , after
Jnaller, yet growing three. or four Foo high, with | which comes thé Seed, which is rhicker than the Ain former, and Something longer.
- The Places. Thefe grow Wild inmany places. of this Kingdom, in Effex, Kent, and Mid lefex, particularly at Kextifh-town near London, and in other places. =. ‘ |
VI. The Times. The Roots are in their Prime in February, March, and April ; they Flower in Fuly and Agu and their Seed is ripe foon after.
VIL. ‘The Qualities, They are hotand dry in the fecond Degree. Are opening, inciding, attenuating, digeftive, diftuffive and fudorifick, and aré appro-
riated to the Head, Stomach, Heart, Wom and Joys they are alfo Alexipharmick, Alterative and ulnerary.
VIL. The Specification. They are peculiar An- tidotes gainl Be e and Poyfon', Specifi¢ks
The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing of them; but you may Prepare thereftom. 1.4 liquid Fuice. 2. An Infj ifjate Fuice from the Root. 3. An Effence. 4. A Wine. 5- A Gargarifm. 6. An Errhine. 7. A Decottion. 8. A Spirituous
Tintlure. 9. A Saline Tintlure. 10. An Orly Tindlure. 11. A Cataplafm. 12. A Balfam, 13.
Ses AW 2S ° eA 4 N 4 Nh ~ “¢ 4 4h Ny ye f me NW ¥ WWE? WADI aN 1 VAY Lae = res ys
AP Nh an i Nay ul FFI YK es
The Virtues.
X. As to the Virtues of thefe Wild Angelica’s, they are exaétly the fame with the Garden Kind, which we have largely delivered beforé, and we were the more willing to be explicite in the Garden kind, there, becaufe we intended to fay nothing of
Smaller Foynts and leffer Leaves thereat; at the tops grow Umbles go Flowers, but leffer alfo, and white, like the Garden kind, which turn into fmaller the Virtues here: For every Preparation of the Seed, and of a darker Color on the out-fide. Wild kinds has the fame Intentions and Ufes with H AK NR SN Ht thofe of the Garden, and therefore to them you
g g to be taken’no-
tice of, viz. That tho the Virtues of both Garden and Wild. kinds are one and the fame, yet the Garden kind much exceeds the Wild in Srength and Vertue, and therefore is rather to be chofen (where it may be):before them. Thefe are dryer than the Garden kind, and ought to be put into all Diet
breath nh epi vale adele eee ue CHAP. XVIL Of Water ANGELICA,
iS He Names. It is called in Greek, ‘Ayyennd dea: in Latin, Angelica Aquatica, Arch- angelica: And in Englifh, Water Angelica.
Il. The Kinds. It is the thitd Species of Ange- lica aforementioned , in chap. 15. fe. 2. above : of which there is known to us. this Singular kind only. And it is by fome called Wild a ica,whence
WY) od NY f Vey SEN) PZ
OU ipa
the Name upon the Cut, which is the ‘a Cut in the ek. j= Sormer Chapter, and was placed there by a miftake,
‘ ms AN ‘ and Anfwers only to the following Defcription. Q ~ AD ) Ill. The Defcription.” The Root of this Plant is SSS &reat according to its kind and magnitude, thick and
White, with fome Strings banging to it, and endures
IV. The finaller fort, has a great thick Root, from| many years without erifhing : from whence arifes
whence rifes up Leaves not much differing from the\ Leaves like unto t @ Garden Angelica, more” in
other, but only in being fmaller and not So much} number, and fmaller divided, which are Set upon a ided
divide 3 from whence arifes one ormore Stalks, low-|'great Stalk grofs “ thick, which is much taller Sad IGN 21; eur greater
\
26 ~Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I.
nae Sreater than the Garden kind, and pes Redifh | dred times, with fucha ficcef$ as is admirable. at the Foynts, from whence the Leaves by a large | Again in Difeafes of the Womb, I know this to Foot-Stalk rife, whofe lower part feems to enclofe | be more prevalent than the Gardez, in cleanfing it, the whole Foynt, and to be of a redifh Color alfo;\ in reprefiing the Vapors, and helping fits of the the Leaves are of as ~~ a green Color as thofe of } Mother. 1 remember] once gave this to a Woman, who had a kind of a ftoney hardnef$ in the Womb,
with a Tumor as big as a finall Oftriches Egg, which almoft continually bled, with very great pain, but not continual: This fome Phyficians and Chirurgians determined to bea Cancer of the Womb, and fo un- curable: it was dubious what to fay, and the Difeafe feemed difficult to cure, if at all Curable: however I advifed her to the Plentiful ufe of it for fome time: She took iv. ounces of it, morning, noon and night, and continued it for fix Weeks, at the end of which time fhe became perfeCtly well, and by the ufe thereof, fhe voided great quantities of hard clotted Blood
X. The Liquid Fuice. Either alone, or with a little Nitre diffolved init, it is an excellent Errhine, to be fhufft Blood-warm up the Noftrills, till ic comes out of the Mouth: it ex the Head and Brain of much cold, flegmatick Humors, taking a~ way fleepinefS and heavinef$ of the head.
XI. e Decottion in Wine and Water. It is an
the Garden fort: from this Stalk alfo rifes up feve- ral long Branches, coming forth = thee or Cafe, not much unlike the common Garden Parfnip , at the es of which Branches come forth Tufts or Umbles of white Flowers, very like to thofé of the Garden kind: After the Flowers come the Seed, broader, longer, thicker, and of a much darker Color than the Garden Angelica: and the fmell of the Plant is much like the fame.
V] Ver
( ~\ }
aN)
a 4
———
XGA
thing in a Scorbute; where the whole Mafs of Blood is tainted, and the Patient breaks forth into Botches, Boyls, Scabs, Leprofy, &c. depurates the Humors, int carries off their Faculencies effe€tually by Urine. Dofe from j. dram to ij.
XI. The Diet Drink. Tho this is chiefly in- tended for Wounded People, and fuch as have in- veterate and running Sores, Ulcers, and Fiftula’s yet it is of as great fervice for fuch as are afflié& with the Scurvy, have an obftruétion, pain or tu-
—
IV. The Places. It grows naturally in England, in moift and watery Ditches and Places, from whence it took its Name; and in particular in the Marfh- | Ditches by Redriff.
V. The Times. It Flowersalfoin Fuly and Au- gut, and its Seed is ripe not long after: but its Root is in its prime in March and April.
VI. The Qualities. \t is hot and dry in the fecond Degree: is Inciding , Attenuating, Aperi- tive, Digeftive, Difcuffive, Attraftive and Abfter- five: it is Cephalick, Stomatick, Cardiack, Uterine and Vulnerary.
VIL. ‘The Specification. Yt is a thing peculiar againft the Scurvy ina cold habit of Body, and one of the greateft Vulneraries among Vegetables.
Vill. Ihe Preparations. The Shops keep no- thing hereof, yet you may make = Soa 1. Ax Effence. 2..A Liquid Fuyce. 3. A Decottion in Wine and Water. 4. A Saline Tintlure. 5. A Diet Drink. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. ABalfam. 8. A Cerote or Emplafter.
V. The Balfam. It cures = Wounds,
one or Con-
XVI. The Cerote or ns gh Tt has an at- tra€tive force, incarnates and heals; eafes pain, and ftrengthens the part it is applyed to.
CHAP. XVIL of ANISE
8 HE Names. It is called in Greek ’Avico} In Latin, Anifum: And inEngufh, Anife- Iam apt to believeit is called Aviow guia haber folia avce, inequalia, vel quia eft fine equali, there bein no Plant equal to it in goodnefg, ‘It is alfo calle in Greek, “Avixnror, Anicetum, quafi , invitlum, be- caufe CideT = be imvincib “ost not to be over- come, whic is in re to its extraor- dinary Tafte and rel which overcomes the Tafte ‘and Smells of all other Vegetables in the World. Il. The Kinds. It is two-fold, 1. The Common, of which we {hall Treat in this Chapter, _ BhATTY,
The Virtues.
- IK, The Effence. Setting Scurvy-Grafs afide, 1 can {peak by fingular Experience, that I know no- thing among Vegetables fo effettual for the curing of the Scurvey ina cold habit of Body: and as a Vuduerary, T have ufed it I believe above an Hun-
Starry Headed of Clufius growing in China,and other
arts of the Ea/t-Indies, of which we ha i rs fay in this Work, beg
¢
Til. The Defcription. It has a fmall long Root, with fome few firings, which Perifhes every Tear, from which rifes up a Stalk round and hollow, about two or three feet high, ( feldom higher, for it is a flender Plant ) which is divided into divers fmall Branches, fet with Leaves next the Ground, fome- what broad and dented in about the edges; but thofe whith grow higher are more jagged, much like zo thofe of young Parfley, but Whiter: the bigher Leaves are alfo leffer than the lower, of a whitifh
reen color, and of a good fweet Tafte and Smell : the Fisher the Stalk the rounder it is ; and fpreads not into Branches, faving near the top, where it thrufts it felf forth into fevéral fpokie rundles or tuffts, on the top of which, Umbles of white Flowers do ftand, obich afterwards do give {mall roundifh long Seed,of a aobitifh ar colour, and very fweet, and of a quick, yet pleafant Tafte and Smell, and more in Quantity than any other Umbelliferous Plant whatfoever.
IV. The Places. It grows plentifully in Egypr, Sy- ria, Candia, and other Eaftern Countries: It grows. alfo in England in the Gardens of Herbalifts, where it has well enough thriven, and brought forth Seed perfectly ripe and good.
V. The Times. [t is Sown with us in England in May, and the Seed is Ripe in Augu/?. But you may Sow Anifeeds here, in England, in February, when the Moon is at Full, or any time between the Fu// and the Change : If by reafon of Froft, you cannot take the Fu// Moon, you muft take the next oppor- tunity, and caft them into the Ground, raking them well in ; after which, ftrew frefh or new Horfe- Dung, thinly upon the Ground, to defend them
Froft, © will thefe feed and be Se about Bartholomew-tide : 'Then Sow again in the Fu// Moon in May thefe, if the Weather is kind, may be ripe
fooner than the former: Awi/eed will alfo come
well up, if they be Self-fown, only the Ground is to be broken up near to and about them, when they to ripen. The time of their Flowering does
a ork de ox five Months, fo that, at one time, | all Diftafes ee i Se Cold, and Wind, it 3 . ; 2
tae
Herbs, 27
you may find the Plant in full Flower, and the
hear to its full Growth, as you often fee in fone Dill, &c. That Ground which you would Sow in February, you ought to break up about Michaelmas. and to let it lye and Crumble all Winter, and when you intend to Sow it, you fhuft ftir it up agairt that it may be mellow ; for the mellower, the bet. ter ; and a black, rich, mellow Mould is the bett, for a vey in a well dung’d rich Soil.
VI. The Qualities. It is Hot in the fecond De- hee Bong Dry in the firft: The Seeds are Opening,
ciding, Attenuating, Digeftive, Difcuffive, Carmi- native and Anodine ; and by Appropriation, they. are Cephalick, Stomatick, Pestorl, yfterick, Ne- phritick, and Arthritick : They ate alfo. Lattogene- tick, Spermatogenetick, and Alterative.
- VIL. The Specification. They have a peculiar pro- perty againft Coughs, Shortnef$ of Breath, Difficul- ty of Breathing, and the Colick.
VII. The Preparations. The Shops keep, 1. The Seed. 2. Anifeed Comfits. 3. Anifeed Comfits Laxa- tive. 4, A Diftilled Water. 5. Annifeed Water. made with rom Vite. 6. A Chymical Oil. 7. A Fixt Salt of the Plant by Incineration. To the former
you may add thefe following. 8. The Green
Herb. 9. The Effence. 10. Thé Poteftates or Powers.
11. A Spirituous Tinkture. 12. A Saline Tiniure.
13. An Oily Tinflure. 14. A Decottion. 15. A Bal-
i 16. A Cataplafm. 17. An Extra. 18. A pirit.
The Virtues.
IX. The Seed. Schroder fays, it is milder when
oo Attenuates, Difcuffes, provokes Urine, breeds Ik, is Pe€toral, and good for the Stomach, and to open Obftruftions in the Lungs ; it is given in Pouder to fuch as have their Bellies fwoln up with Wind : A fcruple given to a Child, Purges and Vo- mits gently, and carrys off thofe green Excrements, which in thofe little ones caufe Gripings, vehement Pain, ficknefS at Stomach, and fometimes Convul- Snes : a a Specifick alfo in curing a ftubborn ccou, ss ig ae by They be good againft oughs, open the Lungs, ex ind, and give eafe in the ‘Colick. rer? 2 F
XI. Anifeed Comfits Lavative. They are made by a Maceration of the Seed in Water, in which Scammony has been Diffolved ; or by mixing the Pouder of Scammony with the firft Coverings of Sugar ; or by Macerating them in an Infufion of Vitrum Antimonij. 'The former Purge gently, with- out any Pain, Griping or making Sick ; the laft both Purge and Vomit ; but they ail carry off Sharp, Corroding, Slimy, Flegmatick, and Tartarous Hu- mors, help Digeftion, empty the Lungs of the mat- ter Obftru€ting them, and Cure the Colick. Dofe from half a dram to ij. drams.
XII. The Diftilled Water of the whole Plant, or of the Seed. It is a good Vehicle to convey other Medicines in ; befides which it expels Wind, is oe for Sore Eyes, and encreafes Milk in Nurfes.
oft from ij. to iiij. Ounces.
XIII. Azifeed Water Diftilled off from Aqua Vite, or Spirit of Wine. It comforts the Groandi opens the Lungs, helps Obftructions of the Liver, expels Wind, caufes Digeftion, and prevails.againft the Co- lick. Dofe ij. earns to an Ounce, now and then upon occafion.
XIV. The Chymical Oil. It is an admirable Pe- ftoral, Curing moft Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs, as Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, Rawnefs, Win- dinels of the Stomach, Phthifick, Colick, and indeed
provokes
28
—
provokes Lufi, and is often given with good Suc- cefS in Fits of the Mother, in Epilepfies, Apo- plexies, Vertigo’s, Means, Head-aches, Lethargies, Carus, and. other Difeafes proceeding from Cold Negmatick Humors. Dofe fiom iiij. Drops to x. in fome fit Vehicle or Liquor:
_ XV. The Fix’d Salt. It is an admirable Pe&toral and Nephritick , it Diflolves Tartarous Matter in the Lungs, Reins, Ulreters, Bladder, or Womb, opens all Obftructions of thofe Parts, provokes U- tine, and brings away: Sand, Gravel, or whatfoever ‘creates a Stoppage in thofe Parts. Dofe j. Scruple to half a Dram.
XVI. The Green Herb. The Decoftion in Water and Wine, being drunk feveral times a day increafeés Milk in Nurfes ; and Boiled in Oil of Rofes, and dropt into the Ears, takes away. their Pains, and removes the noife in them. The planting this Herb near Bees, is the beft means for the peeping of Bees, and multiplying of them, as alfo. for their Breeding great ftore of Honey : For firft it yields an innumerable company of Flowers, and is conti- nually in flowering for Four and fometimes Five Months, according as the Year is Seafonable, and thefé Flowers yield much Sweetnef$..and Honey, and carty a Scent fo pleafant and grateful with them, that the Bees. rather chufe to feed upon it, than upon any other Plant whatfoever ; befides- they contain an excellent Sweetning Ferment, by which the Dew is converted into a more Thick and Sweet
Subftance, by many degrees paffing fimple Dew,
which contains within it a Saccharine Salt, which the Bees greedily refort to, and: fuck, and with it Load themfelyes : But the main excellency is the Jong duration of its. flowering time, fo that it will afford them a fupply, the greateft part of their ga- . thering-time, whereas. the Blofloms of Fruit-trees, and Flowers of other Herbs, are only at a peculiar feafon, and of fmall continuance, The Green Herb heing taken, and the infide of the Hives, as alfo the Oritices thereof being rubbed.therewith, will fo much delight the Bees, that when their Swarming time comes, which will be Three Times a Year, if they feed on this Herb, they will certainly enter into them, and go no where elfe : But in cafe when they Swarm, they fhould fetrle upon fome Tree, or other Place, the fault may be helped by rubbing the in- fide of the new Hive with Green Anife, and hold- ing it on the Top of a Pole to. the Bees ; for by the fweet Scent or Smell of the Anife, they will be allured, to enter thereinto, of their own accords.. It is reported, that a certain Lord of Axjtria- fo thrived by this Secret, that he furnifhed many Coun- tries with Honey and Wax, whereby he Accumu- ‘lated to himfelt vaft Wealth, and a very great E-
{tate.
XVIL The Effence. Whether it. is prepared of the Herb, or Green Seed, or both, has all the Vir- tues of the Chymical Oil, but not all out fo povrer- ful, tor which reafon this is to be given in a much larger Dofe, as from j. Ounce to ij.Ounces, or more; it powerfully opens &tions of Liver, Spleen, Lungs, Reins, and Womb, and is fingular againft the Falling-ficknefs, Convulfions, and Colick : it power- fully provokes Luft; is good for fuch as are Impo- tent, and makes others more Vigorous ; for it migh- tily encreafes Seed in the Seminal Veffels, as alfo Milk in Nurfes, and prevails againft Poifon, and the Bitings of Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Crea- turts
XVII. The Poteftates or Powers. This Prepara- tion has all the Virtues both of the Oil and fence, and is much more pleafant to be taken, and in par-
‘ ftrong ; and caufeés an Ex
Solow Seda) Ea.
ticular is a fingular thing againft Vapors, ‘the rifing of the Mother,.Frenfie, Madnefs, and other like Diftempers of the Brain ; you may give from j- Dram to iij. or iiij. Drams, in any convenient Ve- hicle: It is very good againft Convulfion Fits, and Cures (outwardly by Bathing the place with it) all kinds of Pains, Aches, and ps, proceeding from a cold Caufe : It is good alfo to Prevent and Cure After-pains of Women in Child-bed, being inwardly taken, and one ee upon the Region of the Belly, a warm nel dipt alfo in the fame being laid over it.
X. The Spirituous Tinflure of the Seed. It has the Virtues of the Oil and Powers, but fcarcely fo oration of Flegm in fuch as have Coughs, Colds, ShortnefS of Breath, Afthma’s or ergs of Le 58; ; and is excel- lent good againft the Bitings of Ma Dogs, Vipers, or other Venomous Creatures : It prevails much alfo againft Hypochondriack Melancholly. Dofe from scans to ij. or iij. Drams, in fome fit Vehicle.
XX. The Saline Tindure. It is a Specifick to diffipate both the Wind and Water in the Dropfie Tympanites ; it increafes Milk in Nurfes, facilitates the Birth, brings away the After-birth, and diffolves . Tartarous Matter, whether in the Lungs, Womb, Reins or Bladder, and therefore powerfully Provokes' Urine, and Expels Sand, Gravel, &c. Dofe from j. Dram to ij. Drams, or more, according to the Age and Neceffity.
XXI. The Oily Tindlure. Altho’ it: is good in. Difeafes of the Reins, Uretets, and Bladder, an may be given inwardly, for many Difeafes of the Liver, Spleen, and Lungs ; yet its princi- pal. ufe.is-in External Applications ; for -being A~
_nointed upon the Part, it,cures Cramps, Old Aches
and Pains, -Gouts, Numednefs,.. Lamenefs, Trem-
‘ blings, and Palfies, proceeding: from a cold Caufe;, ‘and Vifcous, Tartarous Hurhors:;
t in thefe very cafes it may alfo be taken inwardly from v. or vj.’ Drops, to x. or xij. in Wine, &c.
XXL. The Decottion of the Seed. It is peculiar for breeding Milk in Nurfes; and if made in Wine, it opens Obftruations of the Liver, and is very pro~; fitable in curing the Dropfie, Afcites, or Anafarca 5’ it ftops the Hiccough, helps Digeftion, ftirs up Luft, is good againft the Colick, Poifon, and Bitings of: all Venomous Creatures, hel a Sinking Breath, Provokes Urine, and Expels Wind in an jatar ther Head, Stomach, Spleen, Bowels, Mefentery, or
» Womb. Dofe from il]. to Viij. ounces, two or three
times a De
XXIII. ‘Lhe Balfam. It has all the Virtues of the Oily Tintture, being outwardly Applied, and Cures Wounds, though of the Nerves, by the. firft Inten-
tion. ; XXIV. The Cataplafm. If it is made of the Seed, either Green or Dry, and applied to the Eyes which
have any thing fallen into them, it quickly draws. it forth ; and being applied to any place Bitten with a Mad Dog, Vibe Rattle-Snake, or Venomous Crea~ ture, it efteCtually draws forth the Poifon.
XXV. The Extraé. Take the Seed bruifed, up- on which Affufe Spirit of Wine, which Digeft three. or four Days, then prefS forth the Liquor out of the Seed; put this Liquor into an Alembick or Glafs: Vefica, and Abftra&t the Spirit by Diftillation till what remains is of the thicknefS of Honey. This: Spirit is Spirit of Anifeeds. Dofe from j. Dram to
ij. Drams, againft the Falling-ficknefs.
XXVI. The Spirit. It has all the Virtues of Ani~ feed Water, and is not much inferior to the Powerse. - Dofe from j. to ij, Drams, in Wine.
ag Rig ae
{ ‘
Sometimes deeper , and of the yellow kind, not much
unlike to a pale Orange colour. The Pulp or Meat
1 CH A P. XIX. is very full of moifture, foft, reddifh or pects of k the fubjlance of aWheaten Plum, in which the Seed , ae Of LOVE APPLES. lyes, which as fmall, white, roundifh, fet, and | fome*
a what rough. ‘Ihe whole Plant is of a rank fmell. L HE Names. It is called in Greek, as Az- : guillara fays, Avxoregorniys x) Avxomeeoriy in Latin, Pomum Amoris, Pomum Aureum; Malum A- og Malum Aureum ; And in Englith, Love Ap- ples.
Il. The Kinds. There are but two forts thereof, viz. The Greater kind and the Leffer kind : and of the Greater, there are alfo two forts ; but they dif- fer in nothing but in the colour of the Fruit, the one being of a fair Reddith colour ; the other of a pale Yellow.
ong Stalk, and yellow as t
any further trouble.
V. The Places. They grow naturally in_hot Countries, as in Ethiopia, Barbary, /Egypt, Syria, Spain, Italy, and other hot Countries : Some report they were firft brought to us from Pérz ; and I have feen them grow in Carolina, which is the South Eaft part of Florida ; but with us in Exg/qnd they grow only in Gardens, where being ‘nourifh’d up, the perch their Fruit to perfection, =
VL Times. ‘The Seed is fown in the begin- ning of Ave in a Bed of hot Horfe-dung, after the peg ro) air Melons, and ee like cold gs 3
ower in June, Fuly, and Axgxft, and the Fr is ripe for the moft an in the middle or end of September.
VI. The Qualities. The whole Plant and Apples are Cold and Moift, almoft in the fourth Degree ; but not fo cold as Mandrakes. They are Cepha+ lick, Stomatick, Nephritick, and Uterine ; of an Attenuating, Cleanling, Repercuffive, and Anodine Quality ; and operate only as Alteratives:
VIL The Specification. They are peculiar to al+ lay the heat of Inflammations, bat more efpecially of an a se
IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing, of this Plant ; but you may have from it, 1. The Apples themfelves. 2. The Fuice. 3. An Effence: 4. A Cataplafm 5. An Oi, 6. A Balfam for
Wounds. ‘ The Virtues.
X. The Apples. In Spain, and thofé hot Couri- tries, they ufe to eat the Apples prepared and boil- ed in Vinegar, with i a and Salt, and ferved up with Oil, and Juice of Limons: Likewifé they eat them raw, with Oil, Vinegar and Pepper, for Sawce to their Meat, as we here do Cheutatests but they yield not much nourifhment, but only pleafe and
cool or quench the Heat and Thirft of hot Sto-
machs.
XI. The Fuice. Applied upon Inflammations,” but efpecially bathed upon an E7y/ipelas, and Linen Cloths wet in the fame, laid thereon; abate the In- flammation, and take away the preternatural heat.
XII. The Effence. It repreffes Vapors in Women, is good againit Fits of the Mother, opens the Ob- ftructions of the Urine, taking away the heat and {calding thereof; is good againft Sand, Gravel, and the Stone, and: gives eafe in all Pains proceeding from-a hot Caufe. Dofe from j. to ij. ounces.
XIII. The Cataplafm. It is good againft the Head- ach, Megrim, Gout, Sciatica, and all Pains what- foever proceeding from a hot and dry Caufe: In outward Applications it ought to be renewed twice
=e yGa~
Cie Za SO eH FN aw SSS B
: Il. The Defcription. The Root of the Greater : Kind, which is Small and Thready, fhoots forth into
. many fmall Strings, and larger Branches, under { ground, which perifbes at the firfi approach of our f Winter, from whence fprings forth very long round Stalks or Branches, fat and full of Fuice, trailing upon the ground, not able nen it felf upright,
- by reafon of the weaknefs of its Stalks, and alfo 4
. the great weight of its Leaves and Fruit wherewith P, it % loaded. The Leaves are many, long, and wing- ed, viz. many Leaves fet on both fides a middle Rib,
in ete eae
Some greater, others lefs, deeply jagged or dented a- bout the edges, of a grayifh, over-grown green Colour, Somewhat rough and bairy in bandling : From among 2+’ thefe Leaves and Branches come forth long Stalks, bi: with many Yellow Flowers fet thereon, upon feveral Short foot Stalks, cluftering together in Bunches, con- Be Sifting of Six, and fometimes of Eight vat long yel- | F ow Leaves, with a kind of Prick in the middle: Af- || ter the Flowers are fallen, there comes in place the Fruit, which 7s about the bignefs of a Golden Pippin, very fair and pleafant, chamfred, uneven, and bun- ched out in many places, ( there. being fcarcely any| a Day. & _ tohich are pease round without thefé Bunches) ai V. The O:/. It Cures all manner of Burnings, ae, of a fair, or bright. fining pale reddi/h colour, and’\ and Scaldings, whether of Fixe, Water, Oil, Lee 5 Eames ma I 6,
IV. The Lefer Kind has a Root like the former, which perifhes in like manner every Year, from whence comes long trailing Branches, befet with fuch like Leaves as the Greater Kind, but ye in eves es part; the Flowers alfo fend many together on'&
¢ former, but much fmals . ler ; the Fruit are alfo fmall, viz. round, yellowifh, red Berries, not much bigger than great Grapes , in which are contained white, round, flat Seed, like the former, but fmaller. If you would have them every Yar, you muft new Sow them every Spring, or elfé let them Sow themfelves, fo will they rife without
‘ » é 4 <4 ay _ : eo oD oh dei ee De eS
~*~
30
Gales Herbal
Lib.
Oc. and has the Virtues of the Cataplafm, and may be anointed ee thofe places where a Cataplafm cannot be app ied.
_ XV. The Balfam, It is a fingular good thing to cool Inflammations in Wounds and Ulcers, heal all forts of Burnings and Scaldings, cleanfe old Running Sores, and to give eafe in the Gout, pain in the Back, or any other part proceeding from vehement hot and fiery humors : It simi heals Wounds, and, when cleanfed, Ulcers alfo, after the manner of Preparations from Ad/-heals.
XVI. A fpecial Note. It appears that this Plant abounds with a vaft humidity , for in the hotteft time in Summer, the fuperfluous Branches being cut off from the Mother Root, and carelefly caft away in the Allies of the Garden, though at a time when no Rain fhall fall, yet will they grow as frefh, as if they had not been cut off; which fhews indeed
the exceeding moifture of the Herb. Se PE, Of MAD APPLES. , pe HE Nemes. This Plant has no known
Greek name, (except =zpvxv@- wavinis, May be taken for it, which is more properly the name for Solanum Lethale: ) but to fupply the place, we may call it Miacy uavexte P/, Mitxa weve ; in Latin, Malum infanum, Pl. Mala infana ; in Englifh, Mad Apple and Mad Tippee.
. The Kinds. e ate three Kinds, 1. The Syrian. 2. The European. 3. The Ethiopian, of which we fhall fay nothing in this Work.
=s FES Ne == SN
Ii]. The Defetiption. 1. Of the Syrian. It has a Root compofed of many firings, fome great, others mall, not thrufting down deep into the ground, which continues not all Winter, but perifhes with the Sirft Frofis , from this Root rifes up agreat, hard, round, purplifh, or brownifh green Stalk, two foot high, di-
P,
vided from the bottom into divers Branches, whereon are fet many hairy, broad, rough Leaves, fomewbat unevenly cut on the edges, and fomewhat like the Thorn Apple Leaves: At the Joints with the Leaves come forth feveral large Elowers, confifting, of fix large pointed Leaves ; in fome Plants white, in others of a pas but deadifh purple Colour, with yellow threads in the middle , which paffing away, there comes forth large, fomewhat long, and round Fruit, in the warm Countries as large as a Cucumber ; but in colder Countries feldom bigger than a large Duck or Goofe Egg, fet in the fame Husk or Cup, which before contained the Flower, whofe Colour on the outfide is ufually according to the Flower it bore, either of a whitifh Green, more yellowifh, or of a krayifh Colour, or of a Pale or Wan purplifh Co- lour, with a very thin Skin or Peel, and Gul of a whitifp vie and Fuice, having many fmall flat whitifh Seeds within it, fomewhat greater than thofe of the Love Apple.
IV. The infana Europza, have a Root fin . and not much differing from the former, and peri ing every year, after Seeding time , from whence grows an upright round Stalk, about the thickne/s of a Man’s Finger, and about a foot and half high, from whence {pring forth at feveral Foints, fometimes on the one Tide and fometimes on the other, divers long, and fomewhat broad green Leaves, unevenly cut-in on the edges, and ending in a long point, three for the moft part coming together, pe | of them upon a Short Koot-ftatk , at the tops of the Stalks, come forth the Flowers, confifting - Six feveral Leaves ; after which fucceeds the truit, which are round reddifh Berries or Apples, about the bignefs of a Plum, and very full of Seed.
. The Places. The firft grows in Syria, and E- gypt, where it grows plentifully Wild, and in moft of thofe Eaftern Countries, where the Fruit grows to the bignefS (as Be//oniws reports) of a great Cu- cumber : It alfo grows with us in ovr Gardens, where it bears Flowers, and as Gerrard fays, in a temperate or warm Year, Fruit alfo, which he faw of the bignefS of a Goofe Egg, but came not to ripenefS. The eee grows in fhadowy places upon the Appenine Mountains, and has: been tranf- lated alfo into our Gardens. ‘
VI. The Times. ‘The Seed muft be fown in Apri/,: in a Bed of hot Horfe Dung, as Musk Melons are, and then it will Flower in Auguft. The European Flowers in Auguf?, and if the Summer is warm, its Fruit comes to perfeCtion in September.
VH. The Qualities. They are cold and moift al- moft in the fourth Degree. They are Cleanfing, Repercuffive, Anodine, or rather Narcotick, and Val nerary. And by Appropriation are dedicated to the Head, Stomach, Reins, Womb and Joints ; atting only as Alteratives.
VIIL. The Specification. Their chief ufe is for cooling an Ery/ipelas, and Infammations, eafing Pains proceeding from vehement hot and fharp Hu- mors, and healing of Wounds; but they caufe no MadnefS, as the name would feem to import. ,
IX. The ike ren 5 The Shops keep nothing: of this Plant; but you may have therefrom, 1. The . Apples themfelves. 2..A Fuice. 3. An Effence. 4. A Cataplafm. 5. An Oil. 6. A Balfam:
The Virtues:
X. The Apples. They are boiled in Fat Broth, or rather in Water and Vinegar, and fo eaten, being” ferved up with Oil, Mes Pepper; and Salt, and this at Genoua is a great ith Kuchfins fays, there is a fuperabundant coldnefS and moifture in them, as thete is in Cucumbers and Mufhrooms , we the’
| uy
a 7.
—
Chap. 21.
beauty of the Fruit, and the wonderful give to the Palate, alfo their inciting to Venery,
h 11 Maturity, and pro- Relifh, they eat them with more e and than we do Cucumbers, and therefore Pre-
cenna, lib. 2. cap. 455+ things : On the contrary, Averrhoes Commends them. csaite hope’ that th tifhment, an much Wind, whereby ’tis pof- fible they may provoke r { aie Spain, they eat them with great Defire, being Boil- ed with Fat Flefh, then putting thereto fome {cra- in Honey, or Vinegar
Cheefe, then her them inter, to eat 4s Viands, when |
ped and Salt Pickle all me have a mind to it, to procure Luft.
L The Fuice. It cools the heat of the Reins, and the fealding of the Urine, taken to j. ounce in Arfmart Water : Applied upon Inflammations, and
and Linen Cloahs wet
bathed upon an Ery/ipelas, it abates the heat of the
therein being laid thereon,
Inflammation, and cures the Ery/ipelas : Scaldings, of
of fingular ufe againft Burnings and what kind foever: if the Skin is not broken, dif- folve in it a good quantity of Salt, and bathe there-
with.
XII. The Effence. It isan excellent thing againft hot vapors of the Womb, and Fits of the Mother ; and is good againft San a Tartarous matter obftruéting the Urinary Paflages. Dofe from f to ij. ounces.
. The Soe ‘im. It is good to be applied upon Burnings an ings from what caufe fo- ever, it takes out the Fire, and allays the Heat and Inflammation: It may be good alfo in an Ery/ipe- Jaz, being often renewed ; and is prevalent aga the Gout in Elbows, Wrifts, Hands, Fingers, Legs, Feet, Toes, or any other Pain or Ach, proceeding
and is good to be applied to a
from a cold Caufe ; flight Contufion or Blow, being laid on before any Tumor arifes.
XIV. The Oil. It is good againft all forts of Bur- nings and Scaldings, with Fire, Water, Soap Lees, Oil, Pitch, Tar, Lead, Gunpouder, €c. being anoin- ted therewith, and the Cataplafm aforegoing pre- fently after applied, and often renewed ; and all the Virtues of the Cataplafn, except in the cafe of an Evy/ipe/as, where Oily Bodies rather inflame, than do any good : It gives eafe in the Megrim,
from a hot Caufe, and takes away
and Head-ach, the black and blew Marks which arife from Blows,
Falls, &c. XV. The Balfam. Itis a fingular Vulnerary, 1 .
vents, and allays Inflammations in Wounds and from what accident foever : It ioe 9 ‘éI-
paca, * Ulcers and Fiftula’s, and fpeedily heals them
CHAP. XXL | Of THORNIE APPLES.
I HE Names. It is called in Greek, Mlagsnine xgrty x; Bapvontxygrov (ie a Nut caufing Drowfinefs :.) In Latin, Stramonium, Melofpinum, Malum Spinofum, Pomum Spinofum : In Englifh, Thorny Apple, and Thorn Apple. Matthiolws thi this to be the Nux Methel, of the Arabians. That which ge
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. nerally grows with us in England. 2. That of Peru. And of the firft Kind there is both fingle and dou ble, with variety of Colours in the Flowers.
Qhorne wre Pere’ NAY
= = ~ = =.
Stramonium - Ill. The Defeription. The Root # Small and threae [prings up, one great Stalk, four, bb, Seldom bigher x and two or ameter, and fome- Inches thick, upright and free
three Inches, or times four or five having very many
has | upon jointed Stems; | Saoatl, very broad, and cut in, or jagged about the almoft as a Spinage Leaf ;
edges, long ond broad and not much differing from the fhape of Goofe-foot. The Flowers come forth 0
a Bell, or like the Elower
Colour. The Th of Peru har a Root thicker than the former, with fome thick Branches, from 1 fmall firings, and out of which ‘eht Stalk, about four ae
or five ject high, feldom higher , nearly two Inches } after it is expell’d, or driven forth, would again thick, baving very few Branches, fometimes none at \ {tick together and Grow into a hard Stone. all ; from which Stalk and Branches ( where there) XI. The Fuice of the Herb. tis fingular good % any ) {pring forth pretty large Leaves, fmooth and \ to bath with in all Sorts of hot Inflamations and an even, little or nothing indented about the edges, Se by laying Cloths dipt in the 7uice upon longer and broader than the Leaves of Nightfhade, | the fame, and often repeating the Application.
or Mad Apples : From the Bottoms or ¥oot-ftalks of | _ XII. The Effence of the Fuice, Dropt into the the Leaves fpring forth long Toothed Cups, out of \ Eye, it allays the Inflamation thereof, and removes which come the Flowers, great, white, and of the \ hot and fharp Rheums : Inje€ted up the Womb it is form of a Bell, or the Flowers of the great Bind-} good againft the continual running of the Whites, tweed, but greater and wider at Mout , and fharp \ {trengthens thé Part, and cools any Inflamation of cornered at the Brims, like the former, which con- | the ee or of fhe Secrets: it alfo is good againft tain white Chives or Threads in the mid of a ftrong | all forts of Inflamations in Wounds and Ulcers. Pontick Savour, offending the Head when it is fmel-| XIII. The-Oi/,. made by boiling the bruifed Zed to: When the Flower is gone, the Fruit comes | Herb in it till it is crifp, is good againft all forts of forth, of the bignefs of a fmall Walnut with the \{nflamations , Burnings and Scaldings, and gives. green on; this fruit i full of Prickles, within the | eafe in a hot Gout, and Pains and Aches, in the Shell are a great number ¢ Seeds, of the bignefs of | Head chiefly, proceeding from a hot Caufe and Hu- Small Tares, or Seeds of rakes, and of the fame | mor.
form. The whole Herb is of a ftrong Savour, and) XIV. The Ointment, madeof the Fuice or bruifed fmelling to it caufes Drowfinefs. Herb, boiled to crifpnefs, and twice or thrice re- V. The Places. ‘The Firlt was brought from} peated, in Hogs Lard, and then prefled:forth, cures
Conftantinople, and now grows with us plentifully | all Inflamations whatfoever, heals all manner of in our Gardens, it alfo grows Wild and very plen- | Burningsand Scaldings,whether of Fire, Water, Oil, tifully in the South Carolina, The latter was found | melted Lead, Gun-Powder or Lightning, and that growing in the Mountains of Peru, from whence | in a very fhort time: This was proved upon a Mer- the Seed was fent to Mamardus in Spain: and| chants Wife at Colchefter, who (after the ufe of ftom thence it was conveyed unto other parts of | many other things in vain, and when all hopes were Exrope ; and now it is nourifhed up in fome of our being gtievoufly Burned was herewith perfect- Gardens in England: y cured.
_V. The Times. Thefirft may be fown in March| " XV. The Emplafter. \t is made of the bruifed or April, and it brings forth ripeSeed in September, | Herb, boiled in Oil O/ive to crifpnefS, and _preffed Flowering in the Summer Months: The latter is} forth, and three times repeated, and then brought fown in a hot Bed of Horfe Dung,aswe do Cucum- | to a body with Turpentine, Rofin and Wax, of éach bers and Musk-Melons. Authors fay, of both thefé}a fufficient quantity. It cures malign Ulcers, forts, there is a greater and a leffer Kind,-and that} and Apoftems, helps a hot Gout, and prevails a- - the greater Kinds are plentiful enough in our Gar- | gainft frefh and Green Wounds, and old Sores and dens, and will abide and give with us ripe Seed:] running Ulcers, efpecially upon the Glandulous
but the leffer Kinds are very rare, becaufé they fel- of the Yard, and other places whete they are dom come to maturity, and fo we are every Year to - of Cure. : feek for new Seed. XVI. The Cataplafm. It is good againft Recent
VIL. The Qualities. Thefé Plants are faid to be} Bruifes efpecially upon’ a bony part, to allay In- cold and moift in the fourth Degree : and to be Re-| flamations, and eafe the Gout and other Pains pro- percuflive, Narcotick, or Stupefa€tive, and Vulne-| ceeding from a hot Caufe. .
: and are by appropriation, Cephalick, Hyfte- rick and Arthritick, and operate only as Altera- tives by their cold and moift property.
tha The ma ray vag ohaid S, a the Indians commend thefe Plants for provoking Urin PP SG. and expelling Sand and Gravel from the Reins a pee
Bladder: and by Gerard’s account, it is a famous ‘Wound Herb outwardly ufed. Of Red ARCHANGEL,
IX. The Preparations. There are taken from it, 1. The Seed. 2. The Fuice. 3. An Effence ftom| I. HE Names. \t is called in Greek, Aauicy
the fame. 4. Am Oil. 5. An Ointment. 6. A omegveew: In Latin, Lamium pan ee
Cerote or Emplafter. 7..A Cataplafm. Urtica iners ae it Urtica mortua rubra: Ia ' Englifh, Red Archangel, or Red Dead Nettie,
The Virtues Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. The Sweet,
. called fitnply Lamium purpureum. 2. Stinking, X. The Seed. It is of great Eftimation in the] ranlodus, Tartofus, Tarei¢doa@? And in Latin, Lami- *
Indies, both by the Spaniards and Indians themfelves, | um fetidum, Urtica iners fetida, Urtica mortua fe- in that it provoks Urine, and expels Gravel and the] tide, Urtica Labeo, ftinking Dead Nettle or Hedg Stone both in the Reinsand Bladder, for which it is} Nett/e. And of this ftinking kind there are divers “moft commended: it is faid to break the Stone in| forts, as 1. ane vera, The true ftinking Dead
the Bladder if it is not too hard and inveterate, or} Nett/e, or Hedg Netle. 2. vert altera pallida,
may by any medicine bediffolved; of which there] pale ftinking Dead Nettie. 3. Galeopfis altera inca- has been many proofs, as Manardus fays, has been| a, Hoary ftinking Dead Nettle. 4 Galeopfis lutea declared to his great admiration: For, as he fays, he| Da/echampij, Yellow ftinking Dead Nettle.
did not think that the Stone in the Bladder could} JU. The Defcription. 1, The Sweet kind. It be diffolved and expelled by any means whatfoever,| has a Root fmall and thready, perrifbing every Tear, _and that the Cute thereof xonfifted only in Cutting] from whence rifes divers hollow A Stalks, fome-
it out by a skillful hand: but it was faid of this] what Hairy, with Joynts at a good diftance, one from
Seed, that being taken in Fit and convenient} another, and alfo two fad green Leaves, dented about _ Water for that purpofe, that it would by little and | the edges, fet oppofite one to another, the lowermo, little diffolve the Stong inso finall Gravel ; which | #pom long Foot-Stalks, but without any towards the
bps
Rw
| Bowers, fet together at paces, which turn into fmall round pointed Heads, with fmall blackifh Seed in them the whole Plant 7 of a ftrong ftinking fmell.
Chap. 2 ae Exglifh Herbs. 33
top, which are fomewhat round. yet a little pointed | Stalks fquare, foft, and hoary, but fhorter, very = ike ends , i a itttle aed and Hairy;| fender aed weak, creeping as ae by the Ground, round about the upper Foynts with the Leaves, grow | with rwo Leaves fet by the Foynts likewife, foft and fundry gaping Flowers of a paleifh red Color, not | and hoary, but more hoary underneath, and not fo much unhke Betony Flowers, after which come | large as the firft kind of Galeopfis: the top of the Seeds, three or four fet together in a husk; the | Stalks end in a long {pike of purplifh Flowers, fet in whole Plant fimells ftrong, and pleafant enough, not | Rundles as in the other, after which comes the Seed, fiinking. Black alfo as the former. VIL The yellow ftinking Dead Nettle, bas much Such a like Root as the others, whence comes forth A /quare low Stalks, not above a Cubit or a Foot and a half bigh, with long Leaves fet thereon by couples, very like unto Nettle Leaves, fmaller below next the Ground, than up higher upon the Stalks, being bairy, but not fo ftinking as the firft , yet fmelling very Jtrong: the Howers grow in long fpiked Heads in like manner, but are all yellow when fully blown, con- Sifting of two. Leaves, the uppermoft whereof vs not 0 much hooded as the former, but # as it were a
0)
ving fome yellow threads in the middle, but while it is in the bud, it is fomewhat redifh, after which comes forth the Seed in the fame Husks.
VII. The Places. Red Archangel grows almoft ever where, by Ditch and Hedg fides throughout the whole Kingdom. The firlt Galeopfis grows very 2 pe in England in divers Counties, as at Hamftead, going from the Town to the Church, and many other Places from Ham/fted-Heath to Lon- don, as alfo at Greenwich in fome places not far from the Park. The fecond Kind, grows alfo wild by Hedg and Ditch fides, and as a Weed in many
‘ardens. The two laft Kinds, are not found to grow wild at all with us, but only nourifhed up in
ardens. .
IX. The Times. They Flower forthe moft part all Summer long,beginning in May, and all Fane and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe not long after the Flowers
are 2 ae . The Qualities. Red Archangel is hot and dry in the firft Degree, but the Gaéeop/es are hot in the of | fecond Degree, and dry in the third Degree, much of the ig cme of Horehound. They are all At- 7 ty omething Repercuffive and Aftringent : and by Appropriation, they are Cephalick, Splene- tick, Hyfterick and Arthritick ; and operate only ag Alteratives. © P moift Hu-
mors in Ulcers and Fiftula’s, are Vu
<M,
ON Mi ( ( Sr chat e/ | 4 ah lly
| IV. The Galeopfis Vera, har a Root compofed many ftrings, hooting out frefh heads std Year, and thereby increafing very much, from whence comes
Forth divers fauare, foft, and bairy Stalks rifing u, to be twoor Sees cet or more high, according as the Ground is in goodnefs, at the Foynts whereof grow two Leaves a piece upon Foot Stalke, not much unlike zo Nettle Leaves, but that they are foft and fome- what hoary, and not at all fiinging, of a ftrong un- igi of I efpecially if growing in fhaddowy places, ut nothing fo firong if growing in the open Kields : at the tops of the Stalks grow the Eowers, fet in Rundles, for or five at a fpace, and many Ff them one above another in manner of a fpiked head, every one Standing in a greenifh Husk, like unto thofe of the other more een ee Dead Nettles, but not fo great, nor of fo fad a red or purplifh Color, efpecial- arts; but the lower Labels or
? the Heads or “pp
er ips have fome white these in them: after the Flowers are fallen, there grows within thofe Husks, fmall round, but fomewbat rough Seed, four of them for
the moft part fland together, which are of a black Co-
Jor when Ripe. V. The Pale ftinking Dead Nettle, bas a pretty
thick Root and full of Strings, from whence rifes up a long, fquare, hairy Stalk or Stalks, out of which comes feveral pale green broad Leaves, fet upon long hairy Foot Stalks, and higher up, fuch like but leffer Leaves thereon, with fundry {mall pale yellowifh
; ete A ime or Em- plafter. 13. atapla/m. e¢ Galeopfes are hen in 14. A Decoltion. 15. A Fuice. re An Effence. 17. A Syrup. 18. AnOintment. 19.4 Balfam:
The Virtues of the Red Archangel.
XIII. The Pouder of the Seed. It is dry and binding, and of good ufe in {topping Fluxes of the Bowels, as the Diarrhza, Dyfenteria, Lienteria, and Hepatick Flux. Dofe from half a dram to j. drang in Red Wine.
XIV. The Conferve of the Fowers. Eaten morn- ing, noon, and night, the quantity of a large Wal- nut at a time, it has been found by Experience to be efteétual againft the overflowing of the Courfes, » VI. The Hoary ftinking Dead Nettle, bas a Root | and all Fluxes of Blood whether by the Mouth, qwuch like to the former kinds, from whence comes | Stool, or Urine: _ this more efpecially, e to ; oun
: °
couer to the lower, and turns it felf up again, ha-
4 4
34. Salmon’s
Pound of the Conferve, ij. ounces of Crocus martis Aftringens be added.
XV. The Fuice of the Plant. Itis Antihyfterick, reptefles Vapors in Women and Fits of the Mother, opens obftruftions of the Liver and Spleen, and is good for Wounded Perfons to Drink. Dofe ij. or Uj. ounces in Wine.
_ XVI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, befides which it is an excceding good thing for fuch as have old running Sores, Fatid Ulcers, and Malign Fiftula’s running upon them ; it corretts the Malignity of the Humors, drys them up and difpofes the Ulcers to healing. Dofe from kt iij. ounces : Outwardly it is good to wafh the Ul- cerations withal, and to in into Fiftula’s.
XVII. The Spirituous Tindure. \t ftops Fluxes of the Belly of what kind foever, and the over- flowing of the Courfes in Women, quickens and cheats the Spirits, drives away Melancholy, makes the Heart merry. Dofe i drams. Ld
XVII. The Saline Tinfure. Vt operates by Urine, and carries off much of the Morbifick mat- EAS may . are risa in per arb on
’s,by the Uri ges; and is good agai inward Biss, adietnine the congealed Blood. Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams, in a Glaf$ of the
ey Water.
. The Oily Tinfure. "Taken ftom vj. Drops to xx. or xxx, according to ‘Age and ftrength, in fome proper Vehicle, it has been found to be good
inft Quartan Agues: Outwardly applied or anointed, it is good againft all Pains and Aches, as alfo the Gout in any part proceeding from a cold Caufe: it fttengthens the Nerves, and is good againft the Palfie.
“XX: The Diftilled Water. It is ufed chiefly as a Vehicle to aut a other Various preparations of this Herb in. Dofe vj. ounces.
XXL. The Decottion. “Made in Wine, and Drank, tO vj. or viij. ounces ; itftrenghens the Bowels much, it is good to open obftru€tions, and foftens the hard- nef§ of the Spleen: Fomenting alfo hot with the fame upon the Region of the Spleen: or apply- ing the hot Herb alfo thereon, for fome time.
<XIL The Oil, made by boiling the bruifed Herb in Oil O/ive, &c. It is good to difcufs or refolve cold and hard Swellings in any paft of the Body, Chiefly thofé in the Neck and Throat proceeding frow the Kings-Evil.
XXIII. The Ointment. It has the fame Virtues, befides which it is-very good to difcufS Inflamations, and heal all green Wounds by cleanfing them, dry- ing, and clofing up their Lips.
XIV. The Cerote or Bn lafter. Xt heals alfo een Wonnds, cleanfes old Ulcers, and refifts their dlignity, putsa ftop to their fretting, corroding,
and fpreading, and brings them toa fpeedy heal-
ing.
Sxv. The Cataplafm, made with the beaten Herb, and Hogs Lard, Vinegar and Salt, boiled to a foftnefS and confiftency, and then apply’d to hard and Scrophulous Tumors whether in the Neck or other parts, it helps to difcufs and refolve them ,
.. gives eafe in the Gout, Sciatica, and other Joynt-
Aches, ftrengthens the Nerves, and eafes their Pains, caufed by Cramps, Convulfions, &c. it is good againft Inflamations, and the Malignity of old running Sores. .A Cataplafm of the raw Herb beaten if with Vinegar, being apply’d to the Nape of the Neck, ftops bleeding at the Nofe: and ee beta being apply’d to the roots of the —— ppiyo
Herbal. Lib. I.
The Virtues of the ftinking Archangel or Dead Nettle.
XXVI. The Decoffion. It is good to bathe places Swelled with hard Kernels, Wens, Inflamati- ons, or Scrophulous Tumors in the Neck, under the Ears, Jaws, Armholes and Groin; and:if the Decottion is made in Wine, and drunk to vj. or viij. ounces for a Dofe, it is a good Traumatick, and wonderfully helps all inward Wounds, Hurts, Bruifes, Falls, or the like, and is fingular good for ‘the Spleen and the Difeafes thereof:
XXVIL The Juice: Xt has all the aforegoing
Virtues ; befides which being applyed watm with
Vinegar, to the Hemorthoids or Piles, when they are
Vv and much Swelled , it gives eafe, and
difcuffes the Tumor. It is good alfo againft Warts, Figgs, Crifte, Condylomata, and the like which ow in and about the Fundament. Dofe inwardly om ¢ to iv. ounces. ; XXVIIL The Effence. It hasall the Virtues both
Of the Decoffion and Fuice, and may be ufed as a
Wound Drink, for which purgofé it is a moft fin- gular thing ; and contributes very much to the heal- ing of Ulcers, Fiftula’s and other inveterate and run- ning Sores, which refift moft other Remedies. Dofé from ij. ounces to iv. twice a day: Outwardly it is good alfo to wafh Sores, Ulcers and Fiftula’s with, and cleanfes them from their filth.
XXIX. The Syrup. It may bea Vehicle to mix with the Effence for all the purpofes aforefaid, as alfo againft Flufhings, Vapors, and fits of the Mo- ther, or Hypochondriack melancholy.
XXX. The Ointment. Being anointed upon the Region of the Spleen, it eafés the pain, and fof, tens the hardnefS thereof; and anointed on the Fun- dament, it is good againft Clitts, Warts, Figgs, Piles, and other Swellings thereof. It diflolves or Difcuffes Wens, Kernels, and hard and Scrophu- lous Swellings of the Neck and Throat, and other hard and Oedematous Tumors in any other part of the Body.
XXXL. The Balfam. It is of fingular ufe, and much Commended againft Gangreens , Cancers, Corroding Fiftula’s, and all manner of other run- ning Sores, inveterate and fordid Ulcers happening in what Place foever.
CHAP. XXIII
Of the White ARCHANGEL.
ie HE Names. It is called in Greek, Aauiew
avaiv: Lamium album , Urtica iners Alba, Urtica mortua alba: and in Englifh, White Arch- angek, ot Dead Nettle.
Il. The Kinds. Of Archangels there are three fpecial Kinds, viz. 1. The Red. 2. The White. 3. The Yellow. This then which we Treat of in this Chapter is the fecond Species, to wit, that of the White Kind.
ea Defcription. It bas ‘ “npltslanlg ana Thready, not perifhing every year, from whence rifes dioves “feat Saas Stalke Tagliohes hairy , pt hee
a Foot and a half or two keet high, and fometimes more, as the ground on which they grow is in fatnefé and oodnefs, leaning this toay and that way by reafon of be eight of its Head and- Leaves, Branches and Flowers: at the Foynts whereof ftand two Leaves, larger and more pointed than the Red, almoft a7)
wy ee
Chap. 24. Englifh
like Nettles, but not flinging, and dented about the edges ; greener alfo than the Red, and fomewhat foft, as it were, and hairy and downy. At the Foints with the Leaves fland larger and more gaping Flow-
ers than thofe of the Red, in Husks, an rot ig
Jing the Stalks at certain diftances, like as thofe of Horehound do ( of which Getatd will have this to be a Species ) but not having fuch a bufh of Léaves and ro clofely fer at the Tops, as they are in the Red : Thefe Flowers are white in Colour, and fhaped like to tittle gaping Hoods, or Helmets ; after the Flowers ia the ne Husks grow {mall roundifh Seed, which, when ripe, becomes black, or of a blackifh Co- Jour. Its Root grows not downward, but fpreads and encreafes under the upper oa of the Earth, and abides many Years, frill encreafing : The whole Herb bas a fmell pleafant enough, and much differing from Galeopfis, or the Stinking Kind.
Dead lettle- or
% BT) he
* \fied Vey
XN
Y.
«1
hy . SQ) w
IV. The Places. It grows by old Hedges, and Ditch fides, and in fome places by the Highways, and borders of Fields, almoft every where through the whole Kingdom ; and many times in Gardens ill Husbanded.
V. The Times It Flowers from the beginning of the Spring, almoft all the Summer long , and the
ripens thro’ all the fame Seafons.
VI. ‘The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the fecond Degree : it is Attenuating, Inciding, Difcuffive, Re- folutive, Aftringent, Vulnerary, and Alterative : and is appropriated to the Head, Nerves, Liver, Spleen,
omb, and Joints.
VIL The Specification. It cures Wounds and UL- cers, {tops Fluxes, and in particular the Whites in Women.
VIII. The Preparations. The Shops keep, 1. The
alfo therefrom, 3. A Pouder of the Seed.
Horls. 35 Tinfure. 9. A Diftilled Water of the whole Plant.
10. A Decottion. 11. AnOi. 12.An Ointment. 13. A Cerote or Emplafter. 14. A Cataplajm
The Virtues.
IX. The Virtues of all thefe Preparations are the fame with thofe of the Red, in the Chapter fore- going, from Sef. 14. to Set?. 26. and may ferve in all the fame Cafes, there not being much difference in their ftrength and _goodnefS ; but if any fhould
be fuppofed, thefe of the White may be faid rather’
to excel in Virtue: but this difference there is be- tween them in the Flower, that as the Red feem to be fpecifick, to ftop the Reds, or overflowing of the Terms, and Loches in Women ; fo the Flowers of the White are faid to be fpecifick in ftopping the Whites, or White Flux in the fame Sex ; for which reafon the Shops in places keep the Conferve of the Flowers in a readinef$, upon any occafion.
_ X. The Conferve of the White FHowers. It is gi- ° ven for the purpofes aforefaid, and to ftrengthen
the Womb, from vj. drams to an ounce and half}
Morning, Noon, and Night. And it will be more effeetual if ef
the Pouder of boiled Turpentine is ad-
ded to it, iv. ounces to every pound of the Conferve: thus Prepared, it is truly an excellent thing for the purpofe intended.
CHAP. XXIV. Of Yellow ARCHANGEL.
Herb. 2. A Conferve of the Howers. But you may | I. Tt HE Names. It is called in Greek, Aaulop
Xawesy: In Latin, Lamium Luteum, Urtica
prepare 4- A Fuse of the Plant. 5. An Effence. 6. A Spiri-| iners lutea, Urtica mortua lutea: and in Englifh, tuous Tintlure. 7. A Saline Tintinee. %. An Oily | Yellow Archangel, or ~ Nettle, 2
Il. The
36 Salmons Herbal. ‘Lib. I. I]. The Kinds. \t is the third and laft Kind of
the Archangels or Dead Nettles. Ul. The Defcription: The Roots hereof are much
a en re
warm ; then mes into the hollownefs, fome of this Balfam melted, and lay a Pledgit dipt in the fame over the Mouth thereof, and over all the Ce- like to thofe of the White, but are not obferved to} rote or Emplafter , letting the Patient alfo, in the creep fo much under ground as they: from whence } mean time, take the faid Effence inwardly twice or rifes up fquare hoary Stalks, and large green dented } thrice a day, as the manner is in wounded Perfons, Leaves, very much like the White. Archangel, bur } fo you will find a wonderful and fudden Cure. This that the Stalks are more firaight and upright, not \ for a Vulnerary ufe is much more powerful than bending downwards ; and the Foints, with their } any of the other Archange/s. Leaves, aré further afunder, and the Leaves are (ager er Something longer than the former. The Flowers alfo are larger, and more gaping, growing in Rundles about the Stalk, of a fair Yellow or Golden Colour in moft, and in fome more faint, exaltly of the hope of thofe of the White Archangel, but’ gaping wider.” After the Flowers follow the Seed in the fame Husk, little or nothing differing from that of the White.
IV. The Places. It grows ufnally in Woods, and wet Grounds in Woods, and fometimes in dryer places, in divers Countries of our Land: Gerard tound it under the Hedge on the Left Hand, as you go from Hamftead near London, to the Church, and in the Wood thereby, as alfo in many other Copfes about Lee in Effex, near Watford and Bufhy in riper het and in the Woods belonging to the then Lord Cobbam in Kent.
V. The Times. It Flowers from the beginning of May, and atl Fune and Fuly, and the Seed ripens gradually in the mean feafon.
VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the fe- cond Degree: Attenuating, or making thin, Difcuf- five, Refolutive, Vulnerary, and Alterative: and is appropriate to the Head, Stomach, Liver, Spleen,
omb and Joints. me el
VII. The Specification. It is obferved to’ be a more | peculiar Vulnerary than any of the other kinds.
VIL. The Preparations.. You may prepare from it: 1. A Powder from the Seed. 2. vt Conferve of the .. Mowers, 3. A Diftilled Water of the wbole Plant. |
4. A Decottion, in Wine, or Wine and Water. 5. A Fuice from the Plant. 6, An Effence of the whole Plant. 7. A Spirituous Tinfture. 8. A Saline Tin- Gure.-9. An Oily Tinfture. 10. An Oil for External Ufes. 11. An Cian, 12. A Cegote or Emplafter. 13. A Citaplafm. 14. A Balfam. EN
The Virtues.
IX. This has all the Virtues both of the Red and White aforegoing, and much of the. fame ftrength an goodieis atid therefore as to the Ufes of the vatious Preparations thereof, we fhall wholly refer
CHAP. XXV. Of Garden AR ACH.
I. d E Names. It is called in Arabick, Cataf,
or Caraf : In Greek, ’Argdgakss 5 Xeuooadavory from its yellow Flowers : In Latin, Atriplex, and Olus Aureum : In Engilifh, Arach, and Orach.
Il. The Kinds. There are four feveral Kinds thereof, 1. The Garden. 2. ‘The Wild. 3. Stinking. 4. Sea. Of all which in their feveral Chapters. The White is that we treat of in this Chapter, and that is threefold: 1. Atriplex fativa alba major, The
ater White Garden Arrach. 2. Alba minor, The felt White. 3. Atriplex fativa purpurea, Purple Garden Arrach.
you to what we have faid of the like Preparations of the Red, in Chap. 22. from Set#. 14. to Self. 26. Yet this we haye to fay in relation to the Flowers, that as they a the Womb very much, fo
they have a peculiar property againft both Reds,
20 ounces: Turpentine boiled in Water, till it will AD AY ( Wer Pou Se sid : fine ah of ser a ij. ounces Z eo) f } ¥ es, and half mix them. Dofe from iij. drams to vj. : drams, Morning, Noon and Night, for fome a fra ch Garden la (AP taking the Effence alfO inwardly : A Spirituous Tin- ure of the dried Flowers, taken from j. dram to ij. dtams, does alf6 the fame ching,
” XI The Balam. It heals greeh Wounds, cleanfes old Ulcers and Fiftula’s, obrunds their Malignity, and ftops their fretting, corroding; and {preading, elpecially where they are Inyeterate, very Filthy, and, Corrupt, and where Fiftula’s are Cavernous, with many crooked Windings in them: Firft. wafh them with the Effence, by injeCting it in Blood-
= INS and Whites, which yet may be made more power- WG ful by compounding the Conférve of it, according Yi LANE to the following Prefcript. . i i; (NB X., The Conferve., Be Take of the fimple Conferve WH }) 7,
\
Il. The Defcription. The Great White Garden Arach bas a Root growing deep into the Ground, with many fmall Fibres fants thereto, which fades away as Joon as it hae born Seed , from whence ri- Jes up a Stalk fodare or cornered, and of a white
and Leaves : the Leaves are many, franding upon their Foot-ftalks, broad at bottom, and ending rm He oints
mealy Colour ; out of which comes feveral Branches - .
SS
Chap. 26. — Englifh Herbs.
Points like an Arrow, with two Feathers at thé Head, and Sharp pointed at the end of the Leaf, of a whi- ti/h yellow green Colour, and as it were firewed over its, Flower or Meal, or rather fmall white Sand, efpecially whilft young ; the Stalk likewife 7 Mealy, or rather Sandy, bearing many Branches, with {mall or Flowers on them, which turn into {mall leafie Ce
IV. The Lefer White Kind #3 altogether liké the former, and differs nothing from it, unlefs in the mag- nitude, and the Sandy Flower, which feems to be whi- ter than the former : but I am apt to’ believe that thefe two are but one kind, and differ only im refpett of the Ground they grow on, this growing upon a more fandy, lean, or poor Soil: the richer the Berth, pe greater the Plant , the poorer the Soil the effer.
V. The Purple Arrach is in its Roots, Stalks, Branches, Leaves, Flowers, and Seed, and manner of growing, and indeed in all things liké unto the White, except only in the Colour, the Stalks, Leaves and Seed being of a Mealy, or Sandy Purplifh Colour. |
_ VI. The Places. They grow Heeb Gardens, as their names do {fpecifie, very rarely Wild.:
VIL The Times. They Flower and Seed from
Fune to the beginning of September, their Seed ri- pening all the time of their Flowering.
_ VI. The Quahties. They aré Cold and Moift
the fecond Degree ; but Schroder will have it on- y in the firft Degree. They are Alterative, Aperi- ent, Abfterfive, Emollient, an¢é Expulfive ; and are appropriated to the Lungs, Liver, Womb, and Joints.
X. The Specification. They are peculiar againft the Jeupaice, and Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs.
- Phe Prepdrations. You may have thereftom,
1. A Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decottion. 4. A Sy-
rup. 5. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
_ XE The Fuice. It cools laflamations, and is good #6 be applied in an Ery/iepelas, Linen Cloths being ‘therein, and applied thereto ; and taken ftom
ij. to iij. or iv. ounces, it looféns the Belly, clean-
Lo
fes the Bowels, and fortifies the Expulfive Faculty.
XII. The Effence. It is good againit the Yellow Jaundice, and cleanfés the Womb of all Impurities ; and is an excellent thing to open Obftructions of the Liver, and help Difeafes of the Brelt and Lungs. Dofe iv. fpoonfiuls.
XIIL. The Decoéfion, has the fame Virtue, but is weaker, and, drunk plentifully, is a fingular good thing againft the Poifon of Cantharidés, and Stru-
matick Tumors, or Swellings in the Throat, or o- ther parts, and admirably repreffes Choler.. Dofe
from iy. to viij. ounces, twice a day.
XIV. The Syrup of the Fuice made with Honey. It is an excellent Pettoral, opens ftoppages in the Breft and Lungs, and prevails againft Colds, Coughs, Afthma’s, or fhortnefs of Breath, and. Difficulty of Breathing. Dofe from j. ounce to ij. ounces, Morn- ing and Night. f i
15. The Cataplafm. The Herb bruifed and ap- plied as a Cataplafin, is excellent to eafé Pains and Aches, from a hot Caufe, and Actimonious Humors, and to give eafe. in the Gout. A Catapla/m made of the boiled Herb, is faid to be good ( being applied ) to diftufS hard fwellings in the Throat. .
XVI. Nota. This Herb is uféd as a Pot-herb, or rather boiled for a Sallet, (as they boil Spinage) and fo to be eatén with Butter and Vinegar, Pepper and Salt, in which way it proves very grateful to a hot Stomach. And the Seed drunk with Mead to j. Dram, is good againft' the Yellow Jaundice: and Matthioles fays, it purges both upwards and down- wards.
CHAP. XXVI.
Of the Common Greater Wild ARACH
<4)
Pye “»\\
WWE
My, OC,
Arvrach wild comnts
HE Names. It is called in Greek, Azreéraéig eye ysyean; In Latin, Atriplex fylvefirs vulgatior
and Bowels, evacuates Choler, and is helpful in the Yellow Jaundice.
XL The Fuice. It isan Kae thing againft all ; : ild Kind. is. 3. he Subject | forts of Inflamations in what Part of the Body fo= aye “me a a Narvowscigired: ae ever; and inje€ted up the Womb, with a Womb-
Ul. The Defcription. Ir has a Root fomewhat Long, | Syringe, it is prevalent againft Fits of the Mother : Woody, and Fibrous, perifhing Yearly, from whence
Bathed 6n an Eryfipelas, and Cloths dipt therein, Springs up firong, round hard Stalks ‘and Branches, | being alfo laid thereon, it is {aid to cure that Dit- with large Leaves on them, like thofe of the Garden, | cafe.
but not fo broad, or pointed at the Bottoms, yet much| _ XII. The Effence. It cleanfes the Womb of its pevhde cut in on ine edges, ard of a dir , mealy, | filth, is good againft Vapors, and Fits of the Mo- &reen Colour : the tops of the Branches are repleat | ther, and a vehement heat of the Stomach. Dofe with long [bikes of Chaffy Husks. out Hs which come = eg ounce to ij. Ounces, mixt with White Port
Small yellowifh green Flowers, which afterwards give XIIL The S . ee 5 a : yrup. It opens Obftruttions of the Small blackifo eet like unto Purflane Lungs, and if timel given, helps an Empyema, or
Inflamation of the Lungs, and yfterick “‘Difeates, cooling the heat of Luft. Dofe from J. to ij. oun- ces.
XIV. The Cataplafm, Xt abates Inflamations, and cafes the Gout, and other Pains Proceeding from a hot Caufe. It gives eafe alfo in a violent hot Me-
vulgatior finuaté major ; Atriplex Sylveftris major: er 8 Englifh, The Common Greater Wd Arras The Kinds. Ut is the firft Species of the Wild
CHAP. XxVit Of the Lefer. Wild ARACH.
rrr i~
IV. There is another of this larger Kind, but it is lower, and leffer in every part + it is alfo narrower, and a little waved on the edges, and perifhing every Year, as the former does.
» It is found by Hedge and Ditch fides, and often times on or near Dunghills in moft places of this Kingdom.
VI. The Times. It Flowers in Fune and Fuly, and the ipens in the mean time : and if the Year is watm, it is fometimes in Flower in May.
VII. The Qualities. It is cold and moift in the fecond Degree : Alterative, Attenuating, Digeftive, Emollient, and Cleanfing ; and in its appropriations is tl ftesick, and Arthritick. ‘
VIIL The Specification. It is a peculiar temedy againft an Ery/ipelas, or Ignis Sacer, as they call it; and Fits of the ck
X. The Prepatations. 1. The Seed in Pouder.
2.A Juice. 2. An Effence. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Cata- plafm. 6. The Balan, a
OS a ar =
= ~ Sg & 4
sss ik otha, sia te =
L mB E Names. It is called in Greek,’ “ d dycla uined : in Latin Arie Syveftris ; parva: in Englifh, Wild Arach, the els. Il. The Kinds. The defer ild Arach is three- fold, 1. Narrow Leaved. 2. Berry-bearing. 3. Broad Leaved. I. The Narrow Leaved, is, 1. Atriplex Sylveftris anguftifolia, Narrow Leaved Wild Arach. 2.. Atriplex ae! preeitifolia altera, Another kind of Narrow Leaved. II. Re ve baccifera ry bra, Red Berry-bearing Arach. Atriplex Syl.
veltris
The Virtues.
X. The Seed. Given fiom half a dram, to a dram and half} in Pouder, in Ale, Mead, or Wine, it pur- Ges upwards. and downwards, troubles the tomach
nie
Heenan cc ee crrnennnetnrtnsenmneeties te tuneeennacee asia aaa aiaa aaa enema Chap. 28. Exglifh Herbs. 39 veftris latifolia minor, five, Pes Anferinus, The lef- | Broad Leav’d Wild Arach in the former Chapters, . fer Wild Broad Leaved Arach, or Goofe Foot; | fet at rhe joints one above another , and at every of whofe Defcription, Virtues, &c. you may fee in| the faid joints with the Leaves, which ftand upon Chap. 312. following. This laft Broad Leaved kind | Foot-/talks, even from the loweft Leaves, near thé is called Minor, in refpe&t it is accounted of the | Root, ftands a fmall Red Berry, Clufter fafbion, that leffer Kind, and is leffer than the Great Broad Kind, | 7 like to a Bramble or Dew Berry, Clear, and almo defcribed in the former Chapter. Tranfparent, with many fmall Grains in it, andfull of an admirable Fuice, as Red as Blood, or deep Red Wine, which being bruifed sen the back of the Hand, while it is frefh, will fem as if you bad drawn Blood out thereof, which Berry being P flare: blackifh, and contains in i fone blackifh Seed, out of which this very Beautiful Plant will {pring up ¢ we Year of its own accord, if Suffered to fhed. I. The Places. The two firlt grow by Walls and shills, in almo;
. The lifes Thefe Wild kinds are not fo
Cold and Moift as the former, not exceeding the
firft They are Abfterfive, Attenuating, E-
ey cog te Alterative ; dedicated, as the others, to ihe Worl oe Joints. a :
e Specification. They are proper againft
Wounds and Ulcers the Gout, Pains and Aches,
proceeding from a hot Cax
X. The Preparations. There are made thereof,
1. A Pouder pi ps Seed. 2. A Fuice. 3. An Effence.
4. A Decottion. 5. A Syrup. 6. ACataplafm. 7. A . Balfam. 8. The Fuice of the Berries of ihe Red
Berry- bearing. ; , The Virtues.
XI. The Ufes of all thefe Preparations are the fame with thofe in the two aforegoing Chapters, and therefore to them we refer you ; thefe Herbs having the fame Virtues and Preperties, but not full out fo Cold and Moift.
XII. The Berries of the Red Berry-bearing Arach. The Beauty of the Juice is admirable ; but what Phyfical Virtues it may have is not fo fully known : being given inwardly to j. dram, or more, in Red Wine or Alicant, it is good againft Spitting Blood, Piffing Blood, or the Bloody Flux: The Juice be- ing infpiffated and reduced to a Pouder, is good to ftop Bleeding outwardly : and inwardly given, it ftops the overflowing of the Loches, or the Terms in Women, and ftrengthens the Womb. Doubtlefs out of it there may be made feveral glorious Pig- ments, ox Limning Colours, for the ufes of Limners, Painters, &c. Dofé of the infpiffate Juice is half a dram, or more, in any proper Vehicle,
U f Uhh XZ yr -\ hea S ‘Ss
Alt 1% BN eH
Til. The Deftriptions. The firft, Narrow Leav’d Wild Arach, bas a long flender Root, with many Ftrings coming from it, from whence rifes up one pretty large Stalk, with many large Branches on it, all over Mealy or Sandy, with a greenifb gray or
grow fingle, and are placed si api up and down
CHAP. XXVIIL. Of Stinking A RA C H,
- HE Names. It is called in Greek, "Aredoaks Svowdns: in Latin, Atriplex fetida: and by Cordus, Garofmos ( becaufe it fmells like Stinking Fith ) from 24s@-, Pif/evs ; whence comes 4; 7. €. Liquamen feu fanies Pifcium : alfo, Tragium Ger- manicum ; and by Pena and Lobel, Atriplex fetida garum olens : It fmells more ftinking than the Ram, or Male Goat; and therefore, fays Gerard, fome have called it by a Figure, Va/varia: in Engli/h it is called, Stimking Are 7 7h , The
ced, are ae like the former. V. The Red Berry-bearing Arrach, #% a Wild Ar- vuch alfoin-Spain , but with ws it’s Nurs’d up in Gardens : It is an Elegant Plant, having a Root {mall and Fibrous, and perifhing after Seed time, whence comes divers flender Branches fomewhat Woody, a- bout a Foot high, more or lefs, (according as the place where it grows, and the goodnefs of the Ground will produce, for all the kinds of Araches, both Garden and Wild, delight to grow in a Fat, Rank Soil, as on Dunghills, &c.) from thefe Stalks and Branches come 1 corner’d Leaves, not much unlike to the
40 Salmon’s Herbal.
Lib. 1.
eR , Il. The Kinds. There feems to be but one fingle{ VIII. The Preparations. You may have from it, kind hereof, and by reafon of its growing Wild, it | 1. A Decotfion. 2. A Fuice. 3. An Effence. 4. A Sy-
may be accounted one of the Wild kinds.
SNA Sh ASL A] 7 OZ, YZ
III. The Defcription. I¢ bar a Root confifting Ff Several long Branches, filled with. many Thready Strings, from whences rifes up one or more feeble Stalks, which vad Stat upon the Ground, it being but a fmall low Plant , and from thofe Stalks come forth many weak and feeble Branches, upon which grow very {mall Leaves, almoft round, yet a little Pointed, without Cut or Dent, in fhape not much unlike to Ba/fil, of a Greyifh Colour, fprinkled over with a cer- tain kind of Dufty Mealinefs, or like to very fmall White Sand : among which Leaves, here and there confufedly, are the Seeds difperfed, which can be h- hened to nothing but Duft and Afhes. The whole Plant is of a moft Loathfom Savor or Smell, not much differing from that of old Rotten Fifh, or fometbing worfe. It perifbes in Winter, and rifes yearly again from its own Sowing.
IV. The Places. It grows naturally upon Dunghills, and other the moft filthy places that may be : fome- times it is found in places like Brick-kilns, and old Walls, and near the Emptying places of Ordure or Dung; but the cleannefs of the Ground may in fome meafire alter its Smell, which, as fome fancy, may be like old Rotten Cheefe : but that which grows in its natural place, finells like abo- minable Stinking Fifh, whence came the name Ga- rofmos, as is before declared.
V. The Times. It is an Annual fpringing Plant, Flowers in Fume and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe pre- fently after, at what time it perifhes, and rifes a- gain of its own Seed ; fo.that if it is once gotten into a Ground, it is not eafie to be deftroyed, or rooted out again. ,
VI. The Quahties. It is Cold and Moift in the firft Degree ; is Alterative, Cleanfing and Emol- lient ; and is chiefly Hyfterick, or appropriated to the Womb. ’
VII. The Specification. It is aa Antihyfterick, curing Vapors, and Fits of the Mother, arifing from almoft what Caufe foever,
rap. 5. A Saline Tintiure. 6. An Injettion. 7. A Cataplafm. 8. An Ointment, or Balfam.
The Virtues.
IX. The Decoffion: If made in Wine, and drunk from three. ounces to fix, it quells hot Vapors ari- fing from the Stomach to the Head : if made in Water, it cools the Stomach and Womb, being in-
wardly taken, and outwardly injeSted with a Womb .
Syringe. i
X. The Fuice. It may be taken from j. ounce, to ij. ounces, or more : It cleanfes the Womb, if it is foul, and ftrengthens it exceedingly ; it provokes the Terms, repreffes Vapors admirably and .cures Hyfterick Fits : give it in a Glaf$ of White Port ; and let the Patient finell to it. . are
XI. The Effence. It makes Barren Women Fruit- ful, provokes the Terms, if they be ftopr ; and {tops them if they flow immoderately ; ir facili- tates the Birth, and brings away the After-birth, or Dead Child : it is commended as an Univerfal Me- dicine for the Womb, both eafily, fafely and {peedi- ly curing any Difeafe thereof, as Vapors arifing an the foulnefs of the Womb, or too great abun- dance of Seed, Fits of the Mother, and the like. Dofe from j. ounce to iij. ounces, in a Glafs of White Wine, €£c.
XII. The Syrup. It has the Virtues of the Juice, and Effence, but not full out fo powerful as either of them, and therefore is to be given to more quea-
fie Stomachs. It is alfo ufed as a Vehicle to con-
vey the Juice or Effence down in: you may make it with Sugar; but for cleanfing the Womb, it is much better to be made with Honey. Dofe iij. or iv. Spoonfuls.
XU. The Saline Tindure. This is more pu ful in cleaning the Womb, and reprefling Vapors, and Hyfterick Fits, than either the ie or Effence, and may be exhibited from j. dram to ij. drams, either in the Sryup, or White Port Wine. Mixe with equal parts of the Juice, it is good to finell to, in Vapors, and Mother Fits, for the ill Scent thereof, caufes the Womb to fly from it, or preci- pitates the Vapors downwards : and being thus mix- ed with the es it is good againft the ae down of the Womb, being caft in with a Womb Syringe; it alfo kills Worms which breed in the Sores or Ulcers of Horfeés, or other Cattel.
XIV. The Injeétion. It is made of the Juice mix- ed with equal parts of the Syrup, and Red Wine, It cleanfes Ulcers of the Womb, is good againft the Whites, ftrengthens the Matrix, and is helpful a~ gainft its falling down. _ ; p
XV. The Cataplafm. It is applied to the Share- Bone in Women, in a Procidentia Uteri , and gives eafe in the Gout, or other Pains arifing from a hot Caufe : applied to the Stomach, it repreffes Fits of the Mother.
XVI. The Balfam. \t cures Ulcers in the Womb; and Privy Parts of Man or Woman, and is a
lar thing to giveveafe in the Gout, being applied 5
as alfo to cool and diffipate Inflamations.
CHAP. XXIX. :
Of Sea ARACH.
L “T° HE Names. It is called in Greck, ‘Avedon: Gardesia: in Latin, Atriplex marina;
Lele, Xerampling; in Bgl See rely, Mas
ach ci cee ° OL The -
—s =
:
@ Woody Root, with man rings forth a Woody and igb, fpread dt the top » Spotted with black
Il. The Kinds. It is twofol rina"repens lutea, Yellow C aritima angufifoli
d, 1. Atriplex ma- ping Sea Arach. @, Narrow Leay
IV. Ihe other kind
‘d | Hoary Stalk, many fall Branch end in long yellow Sp
rmer. Th hich grow below a, to Inches long, of a dark ome Corners about the ler and fmaller, ast
long and narrow
Places. They grow in the Sea fhore, and: Banks o
wn, where fome
ey Flower ftom ft, even to Septem- ens in the mean
It is Cold and Moift in the will have it to be thartick, at leaftwife So- ve, Attenuating, Difcuf- is appropriated to the
peculiar againft a ef$ and Fatnefg of
Arach Sea
4 Specification. Tr is of thefe has agreat prepare from it,
afte, tho it is bred mes forth feveral §
- 2. An Effence. 3. 4 rituous Tinkure. 8. A Cataplafm. 9. An
pirituous Tinkure. It ftrength ainft the Difeafes
rs : 4 —-
pe
a Abe iei Ss
Il. Thé Defcription. The Greater broad Leav’d * Arrow-head, or Water Archer, as fome call it, bas a thick Bufhy Root with many kibres or Strings, from whence comes forth feveral thick f/quare and juicy Stalks, with great broad green Leaves on the tops of them, divided at the bottoms into two long and poin- ted parts, fo that the whole form or shape ss the Leaf, is not much unlike the forked Head of a Broad Arrow, or one of the pee of an Anchor, fave that the two points at the bottom are longer; which parts Grow but alittle above the Waters wherein eA 10wW, whether deeper or fhallowér : From among t efe for- mer Stalks, rife up other thick, round, /pungy Stalks two or three Feet long, and higher than the Leaves, bearing divers rows of Flowers at the Foynts, one a- bove another, and for the ae part three in a row, each of which is ome ed of three large white Leaves with feveral reddifh Threads in the midft, after
of their filth, makes them eafie, and in a little time | 2éch come in, their places, round rough Burrs, which after heals them. are green when they are ripe, muc like to thofe of XX. The Correflion By reafon thisHerb is fom- | Sparganium, or the Burr Reed, in which Burrs are thing Flatulent, or apt to ftir up Wind, it ought to contained the Seed. . ‘be Correfted in its various preparations, as Juice | TV. The leffer Broad Leav'd fort bas alfo a thick Clarified, Effence, Decottion, and Syrup, with Ani- and bufby or jiringy Root like the former, with broad feeds, Carraways, Cloves, Fennell Seeds, Ginger, Leaves ft upon large Foot Stalks near two Feet
Liquorice, Pepper, Zedoary, &c. or more high, in fhape like the former, but every w ii ae lefler, among which rifes up a fat and thick Stal
metbing higher than the Leaves, having at the top many pretty white Flowers, declining to a light Car- notion, but yet lefs than the former, made alfo of three fmall Leaves, and in the middle of which are Several Reddifh Threads, which being aft there comes feveral Knobs or Burrs greater than the former, in which in like manner are contained the Seed.
V. The Narrow Leav'd Arrow-head bas a fmall and thready Root, from whence rifes up a tender Foot Stalk about Eighteen Inches high, at the top of wobich are Leaves fhaped like the former, except in their length and narrownefs, not being above half the breadth of the others, yet of their full length, and the two lower forked ones, are almoft as long as the fore right Leaf, the Flowers and Burrs are alfo
and Diuritick, it opens the obftruftions of the Uri- nary Paflages, provokes Urine, and expels Sand, Gravel, and gritty Stones. Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams, in white Wine. 3
XVI. The Oily Tinfure. It has the Virtues of the former taken inwardly, from vj. drops to xvilj- in white Port Wine; but it is belt to be given in acold habit of Body : it opens obftruftions of the ‘Womb, and provokes the Terms.
XVI. The Cataplafm. The Herb Cut, Bruifed, and Boil’d to a Cataplafin with Oatmeal, difcuffes outward cold Tumors, and gives eafé in the Gout.
VILL. The Ointment. It is good to cool Intla- mations, and eafe Pains and Aches proceeding from a hot Caufe: and is good to anoint on the Legs, to
» difcufs Hydropical Tumors.
XIX. The oe It is a good Vulnerary, abates
Tnflamations in Wounds and Ulcers, cleanfes them
RS
CHAP. XXX. of ARROW -HEAD.
leffer.
VI. The Places. La ks fometimes altoge- ther, fometimes apart in Watery Ditches, and ftand- ing Waters, in moft places throughout this King- dom, particularly in the Ditches near the Walls of Oxford, by Chelmsford in Effex; in the Ditch near St. Thomas’s Waterings not tar from London, and in fome Ditches in St. George’s-Fields, and not far from . Lambeth : The Narrow Leaved grows on the Thames Shore by Lambeth Bridge, over againft the Arch- bifbop of Canterbury's Palace, plentifully before the Earl of Peterborougb’shoufe, above the Horfe-Ferry on Weftmintter fide, &c.
VIL. The Times. They Flower generally in May and Fume; and the Burrs or Seed are ripe in the be- gining or middle of Augu/t.
VILL The Qualities. They ate Cold in the firft Degree, and Temperate in refpect to drynefS or moifture. They are alfo Alteratives, Aftringents , Abfterfives , Incarnatives , Glutinatives, and Trau- maticks or Vulneraries, and appropriated to the Spleen, Reins and Joynts. ,
IX. The Specification. 1 have had great sty ree ence of the Virtues and Ufe of thisHerb, and have found it to bea peculiar Wound Herb, whether in- wardly taken or outwardly apply’d; befides its fig-
Il. The Kinds. It is threefold, Mesdra uiya: | nature befpeaks the very fame thing. ‘ Magopiftana, Piftana Magonis, BarbaSylvana Cafal-| %. The Preparations. 1 have ufed it in its,
d|1. Decoffion. 2. Fuice. 3- a=. 4. A Spiri-
% T HE Names. It is called in Greek, Muséva: In Latin, Sagitta, Sagittaria, Sagittalis: And in Engli~h Arrow-head.
ini, Sagittaria major latifolia, the greater broa
eqv’d Arrow-bead. 2, Tsdva waned, Sagittaria Mi- nor lasifolia, the \effer broad Leaved Arrowhead.
She ial Auguftifolia, narrow Leav’d Arroto- h
— ‘
ee
: tues of the former, bit is beft to be exhibited in a ‘cold habit of Body fro j. to iij. drams, &c. erfully opens
Chap. 31. Exghfh. Herbs. 43
Afflicted with Pains and Aches, from a Flux of Hu- mors, or over-ftraining of the Part through any Vi- olence or Force put upon it. “
XXL The Pouder of the Seed. Being drunk in White Wine from j. dram to a dram and a half, it ig faid to cure the Falling-fickne(s and help other Di- ‘feafés of the Head and Brain:. it is prevalent alfo a- gainft the pie og carrying off the Morbifick Mattet by Urine; and is found by experience to-be good a- gainft Sand, Gravel and Tartarous Slime in the Reins, and Urinary Paflages. Being ftrowed over Wounds, Sores or Ulcers Inflamed; it takes away the Inflamation, and. fo does the Pouder of the Leaves: and kills Worms in Children.
The Virtues.
XI. The Decottion made in Wine, or half Wine, half Water. It is a good Gargle for Sore Mouths, and if a little A/wz and Honey is diffolved in it, is a fingular Medicine, for a Thrufh in Children; and’ to Gargle with for fore Throats in Elder Perfons: and ufed as an Injeftion iuto the Womb, it is of excellent ufé to cleanfe the Womb, and ftop the Flux of the Whites: Inwardly taken ftom jij. to vj. ounces, it is good to ftop Fluxes of the Bowels and Fluxes of Blood, whether by the Mouth, Urine or Stool: and ufed as a Diet Drink, it is good for Wounded Perfons, and fuch as have running Ulcers, and Fiftula’s about them. oy
XIL The Fuice. It ftops {pitting of Blood, and is good againft the Bloody Flux taken ftom jj. Spoonfuls to vj. in a Glafs of Red Wine or Claret twice or thrice a day : it contributes alfo to the heal- ing of all forts of Wounds, whether inward or outward: and bathed upon an Ery/ipelas abates its
CHAP. XXXL
heat. L HE Names. It may be called in the Greek, XIII. The Effence. It isa fingular Traumatick Tlegongece 2 mestas from the Peach Tree, its taken from j. ounce to iij. ounces twice a day, in| Leaf being like toa Peach Leaf: In Latin, Per- the Decoftion, or a Glafs of Wine: It not only | fcaria, and by fome Plumbago: In Englifh, Mild caufes Wounds fuddenly to heal, but wonderfully | or Spotted Arfmart, and Peach-Wort. promotes the healing of all running Sores, Cacoe-| II. The Kinds. There are two Principal Kinds. thick Ulcers and Fiftala ’s where or whatfoever. It] 1. Perficaria_maculofa Anglica, in Englifh, Spotted is drying, binding, and Aftringent, ftops Fluxes, | Az/mart, leflerand greater. 2. Perficaria maculofa abates Intlamations, ftops Fluxes of Blood, piffing | Virginiana, The Virginian Spotted Arfmart, which Blood, Catarrhs, and Confimptions. is alfo twofold, with White Colored and Flefh- XIV. The Spirituous Tinéture. It has the Vir- | Colored Flowers. _
XV. The Satine Tintture. It pow Obftruétions of the Spleen, Reins, Womb, and Urinary Paffages, carries off the Fxculencies in Ca- cochymick habits of Body, and which fupply old running Sores, putrid Ulcers, and Cacoethick Fiftu- la’s, with the evil and malign Matter which keeps them from Healing : it diffolves Gravel, and expe Sand and Tartarous Slime out of the Reins and Bladder. Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams.
' XVI. The Oily Tintture. It eafes the Spleen, ex- els Wind, ibe Urine, and is good againft Wounds or Ulcers of the Reins or Bladder: Out- wardly poured upon Wounds of the Nerves it heals them. Dofe from vj. drops to xvj. drops.
XVII. The Ointment. It allays Intlamations ghiefly in Wounds, heals Green Wounds; and has an abiterfive faculty in cleanfing old Sores and fztid
Ulcers. "XVII. The Balfam. It cures Wounds by the firft Intention, where they are fimple. But where they are Contufed, or Complex, it brings them to digeftion, and afterwards by its abfterfive property cleanfes the Ulcer, then incarnates, and heals after an admirable manner: italfo difcuffes Inflamations
in the beginning, and in time refolves them. XIX. The Cataplafm. It is good to allay Pains toceeding from a hot Caufe in what part of the Body foever ; and I have often found it to give eafe inthe hot Gout, and other Joynt-Aches. It is fom- thing repercuffive, more efpecially if it is apply’d cold, which is beft to be done, when it is ufed to a Contufion or Blow upon a Bone, as the Forehead ; it hinders the rifing of the Tumor, repercuffes the Juices which would flow thither, and prevents its
blacknefs.
XX. The Cerote or Emplafter. It Cures Green Wounds, cleanfes, and heals old Sores and Ulcers, and fills up Wounds and Ulcers with Flefh. It is | mida/ly to 2 Point, being even on the edges without i any cut or dent, and having thereon (for the moft
ingent and ftrengthning, good to be ap- | azy Backs, or feeble Joynts, and places | part) @ leaden ga or dark Spot, in form me i t wer pe a
Il. The Deftriptions. The firft of thefe bas a long Root with many threads and ftrings thereat, from whence rifes up feveral Fointed Stalks, fmooth round and hard, of a light green or reddifh Color, 7 pecially at the Foynts, which are manifold: from whence fprings feveral fmooth long Leaves, a/mof¥ Peach fafhioned (whence came the name Peach-wort) broad towards the Foot Stalk, after declining Pyra-
ply'd to w
Of Mild or Spotted AR SMART.
eee : ie f / - Ad ’
4 2 3 : j
3 7 4
44
Salmon Hiri
Lib. L
half Moon, or Semicirculer. The Howers grow in long fpiked Clufters upon long Stems, either blewifh or whitifh, or whitifh red, after which, comes a Small, blackifh, brownifh, or redifh Colored flat Seed: the whole Plant bas no bot, fharp, or biting Tafte eoithit, as has the Hidropiper, or the biting Arfmart, inthe next Chapter, but rather almoft fowerifh like Sorrel, cooling and drying, or elfe almoft without Lafte. The Greater islike the former in all refpefts, but the Stalks, Leaves, Spikes, and Seed are every way much larger.
{V. The firft fort of the white Howered Virgini- an Arfmart, bas a woody Root confifting of a great bufh of long black firings or threads, wich Perifh not Yearly,- but abide, tho the Stalks with the Leaves may dic away, and Spring again the next Year: from this Root rifes up feveral hard round green Stalks with many great Foynts on them as the other bas, and fair, large, broad, dark, cp onia prie fmooth Edged, and long pointed Leaves, {potted oftentimes like our Eng- lith or Common fort before defcribed, and Jometimes without fpots, many of them fix Inches long and bet- ter, and three Inches and a half broad, with feveral Compofing Veins rifing from the middle Rib, and otbers re and tranfoerfe; at the tops of the Stalks, and
rom the Foynts with the Leaves, Spring Branches of [piked white Flowers, like clofe Grains as in the other, but greater, and fucceeded by black and flat Shining Seed. :
V. The fecond fort of blufh or flefh Colored Virgi- nian Arfimart, bas yey like woody Root, thick, with many Fibres at it, but greater and more Woody than the former, from whence Springs up ftraight round Stalks, much higher than i laft, with much larger and narrower Leaves, marked alfo ofentimes with Spots in the like manner, and often alfo without thofe Spots : this alfo has many more Branches of Flowers, svbich are much fhorter Spikes,or bob Spikes, and ver much thicker fet with fine blufh Colored, or ‘Heh Colored Flowers, much larger than the former, which gives alfo much the like Seed, but in greater plen-
zy. | on The Places. TheLeffer and Greater Exgli/h forts grow by the fides of Rivers and Ditches ; the Leffer almoft every where both in ftanding and run- ning Waters, and in fiuch places as are many times wet in Winter, and dry in Summer, and in other moift Grounds in moft parts of this Kingdom, where it may many times be gotten almoft in Cart Loads. The Larger fort has been found in great plenty, in the Lands and Furrows of Hedington Field above St. Bartholomew's Hofpital, half a Mile from Ox- ford. The Virginian Kinds are only to be had with us in our Gardens, nourifhed up by fuchas are Curi-
ous. VII. The Times. The Englifh Arfmarts Flower only in Fume and Fuly; and their Seed is ripe in Auguft: But the Virginian Kinds Flower with us much later, and fcarcely perfect their Seed here. VIL The Qualites. They are cold and dry in the firft Degree: Alteratives, Aftringents, Incraffa- tives , Repercuffives, Glutinatives, Anodyns, and
Traumaticks or Vulneraries: Alfo Hyftericks and ene Spiccarion. : :
. De Opeciication. ts pecu lar pro 1S in curing of Wouls, and healing old running Boies and Ulcers.
X. The Preparations. There are taken from it, 1. The Green Leaves. 2. The Diftilled Water. 3.
The Mixture. 4. The Juice. 5. The_ Effence. 6. The Ointment, 7. TheBalfam. 8. The Cata- plan.
_| Kind, bat with agreater
and quick Tafte, biting ti feat ‘antl quick, Tete, Basak
The Virtues.
XI. The Green Herb. Authors fay, that if a handful of Ar/mart wet in Water, and apply’d for fome time to a Wound, or Sore, and afterwards Buried in moift Ground, or under a Stone, as the Herb rotts, fo the Sore will Miraculoufly heal. And being put on Horfes or other Cattels Sores, *twill drive away Flies in Summer time. .
XII. The Duftilled Water. Being mixt with a half part of Agua Vite, and bathed on any pained place for a Week, more or lef§; it will perfettly take away the pain.
XI. The Mixture. Take the Diftilled Water, Ox Gall, Oilof Spike, of each equal parts, mix them well together by fhaking them in a Glafs. This anointed upon any place troubled with the Gout, anda Flanel dipt. in the fame, being alfo apply’d, takes away the pain thereof:
XIV. The Fuice. If therewith any old running Sore, or old Ulcer, is conftantly wafhed, it cleanfes and heals it: itis alfo excellent to be put into
| Diet Drinks for Wounded Perfons, and fuch as
have old and running Sores upon them: and wath-
ing the Sores of Beafts therewith, it keeps Flies ftom em.
XV. The Effence. It is more powerful than the
Fuice, and is more ufeful to all Intentions, heal-
ing alfo much more outwardly, being apply’d.
VI. The Ointment. It is excellent againft all hot Swellings and Infamations in any part of the _ Body, efpecially being apply’d in the beginning, being fomthing Repercuffive: it alfo allays Infla- mations in Wounds and Ulcers, and eafes pains pro- ceeding from a hot Caufe.
XVII. The Balfam. Being made of the Bruifed Herb boiled in Oil Olive, and made into a Balfam with Turpentine and Wax, Yt heals all forts of green Wounds wonderfully ; it cools, drysand heals; and therefore is good for putrified Sores, and running Uleers, whether inMan or Beaft, cleanfing purify- ing, incarnating them, and healing them.
VIII. The Citaphafth The Herb beaten with Rue and Wormwood, and heat very hot in a Frying-Pan, and apply’d to the Bowells, as hot as can been- _— in a Cholick, it gives prefent eafe to a
onder.
CHAP. XXXIL
Of Hot or Biting ARSMART.
i, HE Names. Xt is called in the Greek, ‘tS esrimce:: In Latin, Hydropiper, Piper wane Perficaria non maculata, Perficaria Urens, vel, Mordax: Angulara calls it Crateogo- non ;, and fome call it, Zimziber Caninum: in Eng- lifh, Hot or Biting Arfmart, Water Pepper , and nett The “Kinde “Te is the fecond general Species I. The Kinds. It is the feco: of sha or Peach-wort, and is, 1. Hydropiper, feu_Perjicaria acris vulgarés: minor, the Common Leffer Biting Arfmart. 2. Perficaria acris Virgini- ana, the Virginian Biting Arfmart, ox Hidropiper.
Til. The iption. e firft or Sort; hier: Ker devant de with if which ax well as the reft of the
Stale, woe fo High nor fo
ee ee aad
ee ase
and is Ditretick, and Emmenagogick,
and large Experience to be a peculiar Plant againft Gravel and Stone, whether in Reins or Bladder.
IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep only, 1. The Dryed Herb. But you may prepare there- from, 3. The Diftilled Water- %. The Fuice. 4. The Effence. 5. The Oil. 6. The Ointment. 7: The Cataplafia. 8. The Root, and Seed.
The Virtues.
Somewhat like unto Peach Leaves, but much teffer - and narrower , they are alfo long, but fomewhat nar-
rower than thofe of the Mild Arfinart, and without eny {pots at all, yet fometimes they have been found with redifh Marks upon them. The Stalks are about a Foot and half bigh,*round, fmooth and Jointed, aith a kind of Knée at each Foinr: at the greater Soints, as well towards the tops of the Stalks and Brances, as at the tops alfo, come forth {mall [piky beads of blufh or reddifh Colored, and fometimes more red or white Flowers Mixed, cluflering together, which falling away, there comes little blackifh Seed, Somewhat broad or flatifh and fometimes of a reddifh
eHow Color; of a bot and biting Tafte, (as # all , whence
J the ref? of the Plant) almoft like unto Pep cig antes erb it felf
Wounds, hard Tumors and inveterate Ulcers. Some ufé it in the Tranfplamtation of Difeafes, and re- moving of Inchantments. The Green Herb ftrew- ed in a Chamber, is faid to kill all the Fleas; and a good handful put undet a Horfes le, will make him go briskly altho’ half tyred before.
XI. The Diftilled Water. It is a Specifick againft Stone and Gravel in both Reins and Bladder, and has cured to admiration when all other things in the World has failed; and fo great things have been fome hnndreds of times experimented of this fimple
came the name of Water Pepper; bur the ¥ without any fmell.
Biting Srrmart Or Hydropiper
Te ey Nye Sf Diftilled Water, which feem to be even Miraculous,
: aN NIN) 9 Zag = ¢ " * )\ %& KEN YF it performing what much reputed greater Medica- gates ments cannot do: I write not this from my own Ex-
ogc only, which in this cafe is very confidera- le, but we have alfo the Suffrage of very Great and Learned Men, as to the fame thing. And this thing I would have to be noted, That in any of my Books, wherefoever I have mentioned Perfica- “4 or Ar/mart Water, either fimply or with other
reparations againft the Stone, Gravel, &c. Ialways in all thofe places, intend the Water of this prefent Herb, of which we now fpeak, viz: Hydropiper, or Biting Arfmart.
XII. The Fuice. Given to j. ounce in White Port Wine it provokes the Terms, facilitates the Birth, and brings away the After-Birth ; and given in vj. or viij. ounces of the Diftilled Water, it pro- vokes Urine, and opens obftruttions of the Urinary
Paflages. XIII. The mak It has the Virtues of the Fuice, comforts the Head, Nerves, Stomach, Lungs, Womb, and Reins, provokes the Terms, and caulés a good is es eafes pains of the Gout from a cold Caufe, waits and confumes fuperfluous Humors in any part, and is admirable againft all cold and moift Difeafes of the Brain, Nerves and Womb, as Fallingfick- nefS, Vertigo, Lethargy , Apoplexy Palfie, Me- grim, Barrennefs, &c. and made into a Syrup with oney it is a good Peftoral. Dofe ij. drams,
V. The Or/. It diffolves and diteultes all cold Swellings, Scrophulous and Scitthous Tumors, Quinfies, ed Blood, Pleurifies, €£c.
XV. The Ointment. Mt is good againft Bruifes in any re and prevails againft Oedema’s, and other cold Tumors of the Joints, Kings Evil Swel- ings and Kernels in Neck and Throat.
VI. The Cataplafm. It prevails againft Contu- fions, hindering putrifaftion, and applyed to a Fellon or Whitloe, it takes away the Pain almoft prefently, and in a fhort time after cures it.
XVII. The Root and Seed. Either the Root or Seed bruifed and applyed to an Aching Tooth, gives prefent eafe, and in fhort time after p cures it: Put into a hollow Tooth, it does alfo the
fame thing.
IV. The Virginian Kind ss in moft things, as its
Roots, Stalks, Branches, Foints, Leaves, and Flow- ers like wnto our Englith before Defcribed, and dif- fers only in the form of the Flowers growing, and their Color, thefe growing on more flender and long Spikes, and their Shor being white. V. The Plies. Hydropiper grows almoft every where, throughout the Kingdom, in moift and wa- tty Places, and near unto Rivers and Ditch-fides, ftanding plafhy Waters, running Brooks and fuch like. The latter has been brought out of Virgi- nia, and is nourifhed up with us in Gardens.
VI. The: Times. They Flower in Fume and Fuly, to Anguft, and the Seed is Perfetted or Ripe not Jong after; yet it is to be obferved the Virginian Kind Flowets fotnething later here, and therefore its Seed is fomewhat later Ripe.
VIL. The Quahties. dropiper is hot and dry ii the fourth Degree. It Incides, ae ge and by
p-
‘optiation is Cephalick, Neurotick, Hyfterick and tick. |
“VILL. ‘The Specification, Tes known by manifold
CHAF,
X. The Herb. It is hot and dty, ufed chiefly in
‘ . 4 el te ee, A
; no a
cs ; r g 4 3 a) | 46 Salmon’s Herbal. —— Lib. I. the Henbane Seed, but that they are fmaller: and thefe are all the Flower it has, which being fmell'd unto, are fomewhat fweet , and wherein, when they are ripe, are contained fmall covered rough Seeds, very like the Kernels or Stones of Grapes or Rai- Sins. .
IV. The Virginian Afarabacca, grows very like the former ; but its Roots are fomewhat greater, and fuller of fubftance, fpreading in the fame manner, and fometbing more fragrant, and a little hot in tafte, biting a little the Tongue : From this Root (prings up the Leaves as the former, but they are apretty deal larger, ftiff alfo, and thick, fomewhat crumpled about the edges, of a dark green colour, and not fo much fhining: as the former , nor yet fo round, but a little pointed at the end, very much re- Sembling the flat shape of an Heart ; fome of which Leaves will be {potted or firaked. The Flowers have but three divitons or points, and of a paler green colour. . %
V. The Places. The firft grows naturally Wild under the fhades of Trees, and upon fhady Hills in Pontus, Phrygia, and other places of the aft: The other eu Wild in Virginia; but they are both of them Nurft up in Gardens with us; of.which the firft is very common.
VI. The Times. They both keep their Leaves er all the Winter, but fhoot forth new in the
ting ; and with them come forth thofe Heads or Flowers, which give ripe Seed about Mid/ummer, or in Fuly or Augujft, whofe Seed is ripe not long after : but their Roots and Leaves are gathered in th Spring.
VIL The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the fecond Degree, or rather in the third. They Open, Incide, Attenuate, and Refolve, and are Cathartick, Emetick, and Diuretick ; and ate appropriated to the Head, Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reins, Womb, and
Joints.
VII. The Specification. It is a peculiar remedy for the Dropfie, Jaundice and Gout ; as alfo for Agues of all forts.
IX. The Preparations. Yn the Shops there are, 1. The Roots in Pouder. 2. The Leaves in Wine. 3, An Infufion. 4. A Decottion. 5. An Extra. 6. An Effence, 7. Diafarum Fernelij, an Eleuary. 8. A Saline Tintture. 9. An Oil by Infolation. 10. A Cataplafm, 11. The Fuice. 12. A Conferve.
The Virtues.
CHAP. XXXIIL. Of Garden ASARABACCA.
1. T HE: Names: It is called by the Arabians, - Afaron : in Greek," Aouesr, x Néph@- dyele.' in Latin, Afarum, Nardus Sylveftris, Nardus Rufti- ca (becaufe of its Aromatick or Sweet Smell ; ) by Macer, Vulgago, as by his Verfe, Eft Afaron Grace, Vulgago ditta Latine ; quod Vulgam vel Bulgam feu Ventrem moveat : and in Englifh, Afarabacca, 1 fup- pofe our Exgiifh Name came by a miftake, takin this Plant for Baccharis or Plowmans Spicknard, which it is not ; and fo out of the two names, of Afaron and Baccharis, they made the name of A/2- rabacca. Others thought Afarum and Baccharés to be one Plant, and fo compounded the name out of them both ; and called it Afarabaccara as it is cal- led in Spain at this day. A __IL. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Garden. 2. Wild. of which in the next Chapter. The Garden kind is alfo twofold, 1. Afarum bortorumVulgare, Common Garden Afarabacca. 2. Afarum Virginianum, Vit- ginian Afarabacca,
X. The Roots. They Vomit, working both up: wards and downwards, but not fo ftrongly as the Leaves: Dofe from halfa dram to i dram in Pou- der : Being given in White Wine, a little before the Fit of an Ague, it takes away the fhaking Fir, and thereby caufes the hor Fit to be more remifS, and in twice or thrice taking, it is faid to cure it, whe- ther it is Quotidian, Tertian or Quartan. Diofcorides faith, that vj. drams of the Root in infufion in honied water, being drunk,powerfully provoke the Terms: I fear the Dofe is very much too large in fubftance, iij. or iv. drams may be infufed in the Mead, and fo drunk : Parkinfon ays it will work like Black He/- lebor : It is good alfo againft the Bitings of Ser- pents, and other Venomous Creatures. The Pouder,’ the finer it is, the more it purges by Vomit Urine ; the coarfer it is, the more it purges by Stool. Dofé j. dram in Pouder, as Authors fay.
XI. The Leaves. Wine being made of the Leaves, by peeping them therein, is an Emetick, and pro- dented about the edges 5 from among which, rife up ine, as Diofcorides faith, eafes the Pains of Small, round, hollow, brownifh, green Husks, upon | the Stone, and an old Sciatica, and is profitable a- Stalks of about an Inch long, divided at the brims | gainft Dropfies. Me/ue fays, it not only Vomits, with five-divifions, very like the Cups or Heads of Hout works down and by Urine alfo, purging |
II]. The Defctiptions. Our Common Garden Afa- rabacca has {mall Roots, and whitifh, {preading many ways in the Ground, and increafing into divers Heads, but not running or creeping under Ground, as many other creeping Herbs do, they are fweet in Smell, eee Spicknard, but more when they are dry, than when green, and of a fharp, but not unpleafant, tafte : from thefe Roots rife up many Heads, from whence comes many fmooth Leaves, every one upon his own Foot-ftalk, which are fmoother, rounder, and bigger than Violet Leaves, thicker alfo, and of a darker green fhining colour on the upper fide, and of a paler yellow green underneath, litle or notbing
LS |. hUhUhUmlmUCUCC rh
~~
Enghfb Herbs. | |
4]
a ae pd nS, <y
both Choler and Flegm, but it purges Flegm more manifeftly than Choler. It wonderfully helps the Obftru€tions of the Liver and Spleen, and therefore is excellent againft the Dropfie and Yellow Jaun-
- dice, and ftubborn Agues, which come from plenty
of Evil Humors. You may fteep 6,7, 8, or 9, of the Leaves in Wine for one Dofe, according as the Age and Strength of the Patient may be, and repeat it twice or thrice a Week.
XII. The Infufion. Made of the Leaves in Mead or Whey, with the Addition of fome Spikenard to Correét it, it performs all that the Wine doth, and
~ is very effe€tual for thofe that are afflifted with a
Sciatica, and other like Pains of the Joints.
XIII. The Decoftion. Made in Whey, Mead, or Wine, of the Leaves, adding alfo a litrle Mace, Cin- namon, or Spikenard, by Boiling; which ought not to be much, becaufe then the Virtue will be loft; it mightily prevails againft Quotidian, Tertian and Quartan Agues, and performs all that the Wine, or Infufion can do: this may be given every other day, anointing alfo the Back Sed and Soles of the Feet with the following Oil. Now here is to be noted, that in making this Deco€tion, the Liquor in which the Leaves are put, ought firft to boil, that they may not remain long in the Decoftion, becaufe of lofing their Virtue, as aforefaid.
XIV. The Extraf. Made of the Roots, being Green , and beaten into a MafS, and the Juice Extra- &ed with Wine, till the whole Virtue is drawn forth, and then evaporated to the due thicknefs of an Extra€t. Being thus made, it will keep all the Year, and is more fafe than the fimple Pouder of the Root ; and may be given from xv. grains to half a dram. But Schroder has an Alcalifate Ex- traf, which is called alfo Coagulum Afari, thus
Be Take Roots and Leaves of Afarum, ex-| ty
traf a ftrong Tintture with Spirit of Wine rettified, which filter through brown Paper, to which add the fixed Salt of the Afhes, made by elixiviation, and calcined again, even to melting , digeft a while, then abftratt the Spirit, till the Extratt becomes of the t —_ of Honey. Dofe from}. fue to iif. foru- ples. It may be given againft the Bitings of Ser- pents, and mad Dogs, King’s Evil, Afthma’s, Quar- tans, Worms in Children, and in any of the Cafés which the Pouder of the Roots, or Wine, In- fufion or Deco€tion of the Leaves, are intended
or.
XV. The Effence. It is a good Emetick and Ca- thartick, but works not fo ftrongly Upwards as the fimple Juice, or the former Poudets, Wine, Infu- fions, or Decoftions ; and after it has done work- ing, it commonly provokes Sweat powerfully, ex- palling the Relicks of the Difeafe that way. Dofe from j. dram to ij. or iij. drams in Wine or Mead, as the Patient is in Age and Strength.
XVI The Elefuary. You may fee the Prepara- tion of it in our London Difpenfatory, lib. 4. cap. 22. Sef.-95. It may be given from ij. drams to iv. to evacuate by Vomit all forts of Humors from the Stomach, and Parts adjacent : “tis fo gentle that _ People, and Women with Child may fafely
it; give it in Mead or Wine.
Saline Tinlure. \t is Extratted from the green, or frefh gathered Roots and Herbs. This works more by Urine and Sweat, and is gentler than many of the other Preparations. Dofe irom i dram to ij. dtams ; it carries off the Morbifict Matter of many inveterate Difeafes, as the Drop- fie, Jaundice, Com, Sciatica, King’s Evil, Agues, -Cachexies, pores Lethargies, Megrims, Surfeits, &c. by all the ways, as Vomit, Stool; Urine and Sweat. The Head wafhed or Ba-
‘therewith, comforts the
Brain and Nerves,
which are difaffected with taking Cold, and ftreng-
thens.a weak epee :
XVIII. The Oi! by Infalution. The Herb and Roots well bruifed, and put into a fufficient quantity of Oil, with the addition of j. ounce of Labdanum, to every pound of Oil; and infolated for two Months in a hot Sun, then preffed forth , ( for want of a hot Sun, a’ Sand heat may do better, which will be con- tinually Night and Day the fame.) This Oil warm, being anointed upon all the Back, from the Neck to the Hips as alfo a the Soles of the Feet, in a warm Bed, it provokes Sweating ; and being up- on the accefS of an Ague, it prevents the cold and fhaking Fit, and thereby cures thofe who have been long affli€ted with Quotidians, Tertians or Quar- tans ; it is good alfo againft Cramps, and other dif affeCtions of the Sinews, and an old Cough.
XIX. The Cataplafm. The Leaves bruifed, and applied as a Cataplafim, to the Forehead and Tem- ples, eafes the Head-ach, and caufés Sleep : and ap- plied to the Eyes, it takes away their Inflamma- tion.
XX. The Fuice. The common ufe of this Herb is, to take the Juice of 5, 6, or yo according to the Age and Strength of the Patient ) and to mix it with a fmall draught of Ale, Mead or Wine, and fo drink it to caufe Vomiting. It works very ftrong- ly, cures Surfeits, and has all the.Virtues of the
ouder of the Root, Wine, Infufion, Deco&tion, Ex- traét, or Effence. Mixed with a little Tutia pre- pared, and dropt into the Eyes, it clears the Eye-fight, and helps the Dimnel $ and Mifts, which are often before them.
XXL The ne he Made of the Flowers, with refined Sugar or Honey. This being eaten is found by Experience to ftrengthen very much the Audito- Nerves, and to help difficulty of Hearing, Deaf- nefs, and a bad Memory. Dofe from j. dram'to iv. drams, in the Morning Fafting.
XXII. Nota. That moft of the Preparations of this Plant are not to be given to Women with Child, for that through their Violence, they caufe Mifcar- riage.
CHAP. XXXIV. Of Wild ASARABACCA.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, “Aone ayeiw: in Latin, Afarina, Afarum Sylve- fire : in Englifh, Baftard or Wild Afarabacca,
Il. The Kinds. It'is the fecond Species mention- ed in Chap. 33. Sef: 2. aforegoing ; and a fingular Herb of the fort.
Il. The cop ne Sige It bas Roots long and flen- der; creeping under the upper cruft of the Earth, and not jek deep down, having a fomewhat fharp tafte, and a little bitter withal , ok whence {pring forth Leaves, almoft like to our Garden Afarabacca, but fomewhat rounder, and rougher than they, flight- ly and unevenly indented about the edges, growing upon long flender hairy ¥oot-ftalks, yet as it but a low Plant, and creeping, as it were, upon the Ground. The Flowers grow near unto the Ground, like unto thofe of Cammomil, but much leffer, and reg Aa low, as well the border of the Leaves, as the in the middle , but Gerard fays, they are of a Mealy or pee Colour, and not unpleafant in Smell. Thu
Plant s thinks to be bs Tuffilago Alpina fe- cunda ; bwt Parkinfon /ays, that by reafon of its tate ajte
ah! ee
Tafte, and creeping Root, it may more
é probably be taken to be the Cotyledon paluftris acris, vel,
~
. The Places. It is found, as Matthiolus fays,
Mountains in Bohemia : ‘and our Label found it in feveral pos in Somerfetfires it delights in Woody and Shadowy places.
V. Times. Tt Flowers in May and Fune ; a the Seed is brought to its ripenefs much about i er,
- The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the in-
ing of the third ee: tealaade Rcitia
is Aperitive, and thartick : Ap ropriated to the Head, Stomach, Liver, Wotnb, and Joints.
VIL. The Specification. 1 cannot yet find either from Authors, or my own Experience, what Dif. eafe it is peculiarly good for; but ’tis certain, ’tis aon Deeppilatine, or opener of Obftructions. . _
Ill. The Preparations. You may have from it, 1. The green Herb it felf. 2. A Ponder of the fame. 3. The Fuice. , 4. Am Effence,: 5. A Saline Tin- por 6. A Syrup of the Fuice, or Herb. 7. A De- coltion,
The. Virtues,
_ AX. The Green Herb. A little of it eaten with
other Herbs, as a Sallet, opens and loofens the Bel-
ly, and purges out Cold, Grofé, Thick, Flegmatick umors.
X. The Pouder. It may be given to j. dram in Mead, Canary, Sherry, Malaga, or White Florence Wine, and fo it will loofen the Belly, and urge thence Tough Thick Phlegm, and Black or Burnt Humars.
XI. The Fuice. It has a Cleanfing, Attenuating Quality ; makes thin that which is thick, cuts that Which is tough, and breaks that which is hard, opens the Bowels which are obftructed, and purges out the Morbifick Matter of many grievous Difaffetti- 018, and therefore is profitably given to fuch as are atfitted with the Palfie Falling-ficknefS, or Yellow Jaundice : It may be given from i. to iij. or iv. according as the Patient is in Age and Strength, in a GlafS of Mead or Wine.
XII. The Ejfence. It has the Virtues of the Juice, -but is mote grateful to the Stomach, and may Biven to half ay ounce, or more, in a Glafs of Wine :
be| ers, Star-fafhion, made
It prevails againft the Gravel in Reins and Bladder ;
and gives Eafe in the Gout, inward] taken, and out- wardly applied ; and withal it kills Worms in Children. —
XIII. The Saline Tindure. It opens Obftru€tions expels Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Slime : it Weds in old or young, and is profitable
Dofé from j. dram to ij. j
XIV. ‘The Syrup of the Fuice or Herb. Tt has all
the Virtues of the if
the double srpeeh and is much better for Queafy
Stomachs, and Childr
fence ; but it ought to be made in a Bath, for boil-
ing will caufe much of its Virtue to be lott.
RY. The Decottion. If it is made in Wine, it is a ‘ood Sap roa a excellent againft moft cold ifeafes of the Head, Brain and Nerves: Ufed as
an Errhine, it purges the Head of cold and grofs
Humors : and taken inwardly from z to iv. ounces,
ies.
or mote, it prevails againft Epilepfies, Apoplexies, ies, Vertigo, Megtim, Head-ach, alfies, ) ons, &c,
CHAP. XXXv. Of Common ASPHODEL.
1/9" HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Barva- cah: in Greek, ’Acgona@-: in Latin, Afpho-
delus, Haftula Regia, Albucus, and Albucum: in Englyh, Afpodel, >
iL The Kinds. \t is fourfold, 1. The Common Garden Afphodel. 2. The Onion Afphodel.- 3. Marfh, ur Lancafhire a 4. Kings Spear Afphodel : of this laft fee ap. 404. following : The Second and Third we fhall treat of in the two followin Chapters. The Common Garden Afphodel is alfo White or Yellow: and the White is either the Grea- 7 ae or Branched, and the Lefler Hollow, and.
eaft.
Ill. The Deferiptions. The Common Jingle White Afphodel has a Root compat of many knobby Roots, rowing out of one Head, like thofe of the Peony, full of Fuice, with a fmall bitternefs, and A iftringent Lafte ; from whence fprings ~ many long narrow Leaves, like almoft to thofe of Leeks Sharp pointed x the Stalk ts round, fmooth, nake , and withoxr Leaves, two Cubits high, garnifhed from the middle upwards, with a number of Flowers Star-fafbion, made of fix Leaves apiece : the colour White, with Some dark Purple fireaks, drawn down the Back fide 5 within the Flowers are feveral {mall Chives 3 which being paft, there Jprings up litle round Heads, where- in are contained hard, black,and three cornerd Seed, like thofe of Buck-wheat or Staves-acre,
IV. The Common Branched White A 1/phodel has a Root compofed of many tuberous long Knobs, which are ‘bicep i the middle, and fmaller at both ends, Safined together at the head, of a dark £rayifh colour on the out fide, and yellow within , whence rifes up many long and narrow hollow triangular Leaves, Sharp pointed, and lying upon the &round round about the Root ; the Stalk'is {mooth, round and naked with- out Leaves, which rifes from the midft of them, di- vided towards the Top, into divers Branches, ( if the Plant has been of any long continuance ) or elfe in- to but two or sbree fall Branches, from the ‘ies of the main great one, whereon ftand many large Flow- of fix Leaves apiece, on the
in fide whitifh, and firaked with a Purple line om AREAS Bic! ™ wee
Fe
del, and the leaft white Afphodel, which differ not | Tindure. 6. An Oy tine, 7. Afhes of the
Chap. 35. Enghifh Herbs. a
the backfide of every Leaf, having in the mid of the | much but in the Magnitude, except in the firft of Flowers fone fact ee a. the Sood black, | them in the Roots, which are not Glandalous, but and three {quare like the former, andgreater than the Jringy long and white; bearing Flowers Phe the Seed of Meche contained in roundifh Heads| middle to 1 @ top Star-fafbion: And in the ccond, int which open into three Parts. the height chiefly, it being feldom above a Foot high, having Glandulous Roots like the great Afphodels.
The Garden yellow Afphodel, bas many Roots Srowing out of one Head, made of everal tough, flat and oleous yellow Sprigs, or Grofs Airings, from the which rifes u many Graffy Leaves, thick and Grofs, tending to 4 warenefs, among the which comes up a Strong thick Stalk, fet with the like Leaves, even to the Flowers, but lefs: upon which do grow Star-like
White Afphodels, with much the hike Seed following them, .
VIL. The Places, They Grow naturally in Greece,
° Italy, Spain and France; but are nurft up with us
only in Gardens, where now they are become natu- and Natives of our Soil.
. The Times. The Glandulous Great white Afphodels do Flower in May and Fune: The leaft white One, in Augu/t and September, even till the cold hinders it: the hollow white, and the yellow, Flower in Fume and July; and the Seeds are ripe, the Month following.
IX. The Qualities, They are hot and dry almoft in the third Degree: They are Emetick, incide, at- tenuate, open, difcufS, refolve, and are Vulnerary :
are alfo Cephalick, Neurotick, Pe€toral, Hyfterick and Nephritick,
X. The Specification. They are known by expe- rience to be peculiar againft the Kings Evil, as the Signature inthe Roots demonftrate.
XI. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing hereof; but you may Prepare thereffom. 1. 4
VUAR Juice of the Root. 2. AnEfence of the fame. } hollow white Afpho-| ‘A Decolfion in Wine. 4.A Syrup. ,. A Saline
V. There are alfo, the little
whale
yellow Elowers, not unlike to thofe of the greater’
50. Salmony Herbal. ‘Lib.
whole Plant. 8. An Oil. 9. An Ointment. to. ‘A Balfam. 11. A Pouder of the Roots. 12 A. Cataplafm.
XXII. The Poxder of the Roots. Itmay be given to ‘ dram in a Glafs of White Port Wine, it pro- vokes Urine and the Terms in Women, helps Pains inthe Sides, Ruptures, Convulfions, and old Coughs : Ufed as an Errhine, it purges the Head and Brain of coldand moift Humors which caufe Head-Aches, Lethargies, Vertigoe’s, Epilepfies, Apoplexies, &c. And j. dram taken in Broth provokes Vomit, and helps fuch as are bitten with Venomous Crea-
tures. ok
XXII. The Cataplafm. It is fingular good to difcufS Contufions, Inflamations and the like, to give eafe in a cold Gout, or any Ach or Pain from a cold Caufe, ftrengthens the Nerves, and cures Cramps, in what part foever: and is good to be apply’d in Tumors of the Kings Evil, Kernels and
wellings in the Neck and Throat, &c. I have had large Experience of the Virtues of the Root of this Herb; and I write little more of it, than what is true to my own knowledge.
The Virtues
CHAP. XXXVL Of Onion ASPHODEL.
it meets with a foul Stomach, is rns fo clean- |
dren.
XVI. The Saline Tinfure. It works downwards, and carries off the Caufes of Difeafes by Urine: given from j. to ij. drams in White Port Wine, it provokes Urine and the Terms powerfully, is good againft Plurifies, and an old Cough, Pains and Stitches in the fide, &e.
_ XVIL. The Oily Tinfure. It is Excellent being Bathed with, againft Pun€tures and Wounds of the Nerves, bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, and other Venomous Creatures.
XVI. The Afhes of the whole Plant. Galen fays, that if they are mixed with Ducks Greafe, the mixture is good againft an Alopecia, and brings Hair again where it was fallen off by means of that Difeafe.
XIX. The Oil. It is good againft cold Tumors, and to anoint within Cramps, and for any Ach or Pain in any part, proceeding from a_ cold Caufe , and is 'good to difcufs Tumors and Swellings in Womens Breafts, Tefticles, and other Glandulous
parts PKK “The Ointment. Te Acanfes old running Sores, putrid Ulcers, ahd rebellious Fiftula’s, difpo- fes them to healing, and puts'a ftop to fretting and eating Ulcers: Difcuffes Inflamations in Womens Breafts, and Tefticles,éand is good againft Fellons in the Ruger ends.
XXI. The Balfam. It is an Excellent thing in- deed , for healing all forts of Green Wounds; cleanfes-Ulcers to the bottom, incarnates and heals |. them, and is alfo profitable againft the Gout from a
cold Caufe, A: "| eae
Hyacinthinus, and Vier Afp 3; and c Rootis like the Hyacinth or Facinth, and the Flowers like d ls Clufius calls it Ornithogalum Majus, ater > inEngli we call it, Onion Afpodel, and Bulbous A /phodel, UL. The Kind, Ie isa fingular Plant, having oo
—
Graffy Leaves, Yong and narrow not much unlike. fé| of Wine. --
till May; and then they withering , amongft tho
Slime in the Reins and Bladder. It reprefles Va-
Prevails againft the Gout. Dofe from half a ™ toa}. drams morning and evening ina Glafs
ing thereat, from the which’ come many whitifh green’ aa eninge Bh + Sreaphie,2 dra
abe + es up 1 naked fnaoth Stalk, ved) tn Redega In the Knees, Traumatick Tumorg in the
oe Be Pies grows in the Cormsfelds in ‘i XVI. The Cataplafm. Vt takes away black and - the Upper Hungary: but with US, it istonly nourifh- fes, difcufles or ref
ed up in Gardens.
) pot ointed, with certain Chives or Threads in the a f pemandly ate from v ch ee Caskey
rain, Nerves,
ew marks of the Skin occafioned by Blows or Brui- ifcuff olves Inflamations, and abates pain by its Anodine Property: It is good in Tumors
i ; V. The Times. It Flowers in May, Fune, and of the Breafts and Cods.
July: and the Seed is ripe in Augu/t, or not long XVII. The Sy
after.
rup. It is Pectoral, good againft
ind Dene mites. Tt is hot and dry in the | tH pdifeales of the Breft, Lungs,’ and Wombs
with Avon. It is aperitive, inciding, attenuating, sablterfive, diftuffive, and fomething Emetick. And
aa and Joynts. - Abe Specification. The Roots which are only ufed, open obftruétions of the Lun ; and are . peculiar againft Afthma’s, caufing Expettoration. ; ‘. VUL The Preparations. You may have from the p Root. 1..A Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Loboch. 4- ASaline Tinkure. 5. An Oily Tinfture. 6. An Ointment. 7. A Balfam. 8 4 Cataplafm. 9. A Syrup. 10. Afhes.
"The Virtues, IX. The Fuice. Given from half an ounce more
or lefs as the Patient is in age and ftrength in a ; GlafS of White Wine, it opens obftru&tions of the
PRES co Ss G = o@ 5 g ig —_ oO | a Es s — ” @ = 5 = w”
a S S > — ct ee 3 t=) Qu. ao S, > oO wQ 8. 2) ive] 2. — A
. u xe “3 the fine Pouder of Elecampane Root, itisa famous Peftoral: with this I once cured a fuppofed incura-
it Vomited, and continued to do fo, more or lefS _ fortoor 12 Days, after which time the Patient took it very Pleafantly; it cleanfed the Lungs, cauf-
1 the att n. ‘
€ Tintture. It provokes Urine Gravel , Stone, and Tartarous 3 ay
| caufes Expe€toration, and a free Breath, and pro- vokes the Terms. You may give it from j- ounce to ij. ounces, in a Glafs of white Wine inotning and evening. XVILL The Afhes of the whole Plant. Galen faith, That the Afhes of the Root mixed with Oil, or Hens Greafé, cures the falling of the Hair in an Alo- pecia, and reftores it where it was loft; and alfo cures a Scald Head. It is good againft Scurff, Mor- phew, and other like vices of the Skin.
CHAP. XXXVIL Of Marfb or Wild ASPHODEL,
L.’-He Names. It is called in Greek, *AcebMaQ@- éawdus: in Latin, Afphodelus Palufter . Pfeudo-afphodelus Luteus: in Englifh, Marfh Af- phodel, Wild or Baftard A fphodel, and Baftard yel- low A Upbodel, and Lancafhire Afphodel. e
acafirie verus, the leffer Marfh, Wild or Baftard Afpbodel, the true Lanca- Shire Afphodel.
Ill. The Deftriptions. The Sirft of thefe bas a Root long and Fointed, creeping as Grafs does, with many kibres thereat, from whence rife up feveral long and narrow Leaves, like unto Corn Flag, but not fo ftiff or bard, of a beautiful greeen Color, and omwbat Chamfered, furrowed or firaked down right, yet compaffing one another, asthe Corn Flag and
ower de luces do at the bottom, among which rifes
mathe Cure Pleafantly. It up a Stalk about a Foot and a half bigh, with divers
ort Leaves enclofing the Stalk, as it were hofed at
their bottoms; and at the ‘ee ftand Several yellow
Flowers, as it were in a fpiked Head, each of them
made of Jix Leaves a piece,as are thofe of the other
Afphodels; i the midjt of which come forth feveral
mall Le ag Aas Chives; which being paftshere eer 2 ee
7 ee
52
Seed in fomwhat long and Sepate peed Husks or
Cods, which Seed is very fmall and Blackifh.
ancashire Aephod:l ,
NY) Ny
IV. The leffer Kind, bas a Root which confifts of a few whitifh long Fibres, not creeping si bj much, but.increafing into fundry Heads, from whence Spring forth many fmooth green Leaves, narrower, Shorter, and frefher than the former, ( Gerard fays, two Inches and a balf or three Inches long, Jomisha broad at the bottom and fharper towards, their ends ) not. much unlike to a narrow Flower. de luce, but neither fo bard nor fo thick, from among which Leaves rifes up a Stalk, which fcarcely attains to be a Foot high, having very few fmall Leaves thereon, (Gerard fays it is fresh and without any Leaves thereon; ) towards the top whereof, in a fpiked Head comes forth {mall Flowers, of a paler yellow than the former, and of a pretty Star like fafbion, which be- ing. gon, there fucceeds {mall three fquare reddifh Husks, or longifh little Cods, which, Gerard fays, are Sometimes four or five Square, and in which is con- tained {mall reddifh brown Seed.
V. The Places. They are both found Wild in England, as well as in other places beyond Sea, in Marth and Wet Grounds: the firft. near Lancafter, in. the Moorifh Grounds there, as alfo near unto Mandfley, and. Marton, two Villages not far from thence; as.alfo at the Foot of Bag/hot Hill in the Welt of Exgland, near to a Village of the fame
amg. The fecond grows near Egham, not far ftom the River fide there, and in many other places,
in the Weft of Exg/and.
VI, The, Times. They Flower in May, Fune, and. uly, and the Seed is ripe, about a2 Month
et.the Flowersare gon: moit of their Leaves re- main. green.in the Winter Time, if it is not extream cold. and hard weather.
VIE Qualities. 'They.are hot and dry in the
3 laciding, Attenuatiig, Apertive iuretick : Dedicated to the Lungs,
fecond. Qe re Abfterfive and
Reins, Womb, and Joynts,
Salmon’s Herbal.
Lib. 1.
VOI. The Specification. ‘There has been nothing ‘in a conftant Obfervation, to which they can be faid ‘to be ‘been filent. IX. The Preparations. You may make from the ‘Roots, 1. .A Decottion. 2. A. Juice. 3. An Effence. ‘4. A Syrup. 5. An Ointment. 6. A Balfam. 7. A ‘Cataplajm, 8. A Saline Tintlure.
The Virtues.
X. Altho’ Authors have faid nothing of the Vertues ‘of thefé Plants; yet, by their Taftes, and other Sig- natures, they feem to have the Virtues of the Garden A/fphodels,tho poffibly not fo Potent and Efficacious: I have made feveral tryalls of them, and have found ‘the Decoftion to open obftruétions of the Lungs and
rovoke Urine. ith the Fuice given to ij. ounces or fome daysin White Wine, I once provoked the Courfés in a Woman where they were obftructed: and: with the Syrup and Effence, I have cured. fome
, and the Ointment is. very difcuffive and refolutive, and good againft the Gout. The Saline Tinfure provokes Urine, and clears the Reins and Urinary Paffages of Sand, Gravel, Slime and Tartarous Matter, given to ij. drams in White Wine: the other Preparations I have not much ufed but this laft, (as it is the eafieft made) I haye often- times proved, and that with good SuccfS.
CHAP. XXXVIIL. Of Garden ASPARAGUS.
L “He Names. It is called in Arabick, Halion,
. € Helion: InGreek,’Acalegyes, %’ Arodexyes, "Ocuinior, "amd re oeuav, from provoking Luft: In Latin, Afparagus €& Corurda: \n Enghfh, Afparagus, Sparagus,and Sperage. |
Il. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of this Plant, 1. The Garden Kind. 2. The Wild Kinds, of which there is, 1. The Sea or Marfh. 2. The Rock Kind. 3. The Prick/y : of which three laft, in the two following Chapters. The Garden Kind is alfo 1. Afparagus Sativus vel hortenfis vulgatior, feu Minor, The Common Garden Afparagus, or Leffer Kind. 2. Afparagus Sativus, vel hortenfis Major, The Greater Garden Kind.
IIL. The Defcriptions. The firft or Smaller Kind, has very many Roots, difperfed from a Spongie head, which are long, thick, foft and /pongie Arince, bang- ing down, and f{preading themfelves all about, where- by it greatly encreafes: from this Root there rifes out of the Ground, divers whitifh, green , fcaly Sprouts, thick, tender, very foft and Brittle, of the thicknefs of the greateft Swans Quill, or fomewhat thicker, in Tafte not much unlike to Green Beans or Peafe, having at top-a certain fcaly foft Bud, which in time does rife up into very long and flender round green Stalks, bigger or leffer as the Roots are im Growth , and growing to be three or four Feet bigh or more (as the Ground is ingoodnefs) which Stalks
Send forth divers fmaller Branches, whereon are Set many little green Leaves, like Fennel, but shor-
ter and fmaller, and growing up to the top, much
finer than the Leaves of Dill: among which, at-the
Foynts thereof, come forth , fmall Moffie; yellowifp Flowers, Which yield a Fruit or Berries, green at
ir, afterwards red_as Coral, of the bignefy-of @ Whi Pea; wherein is-contained grofs blaciefiiseed, =
culiars; Authors having as to their Virtues °
that have had extream Colds. The Ba//am I know ‘| to be a good Vulnerary.
5 |
a
Magnitude, and Tafte, they being much whiter, vaft-
fa
the Strangury, or ftoppage of Urine, and difficul of making Water, to provoke Urine, and to pa | Sand, Gravel, and {mall Stones out of the Reins, which even the fignature of the hardnef$ of the Seed, feems alfo to intimate.
- IX. The Preparations. You a Pr therefrom, 1. The Roots.' 2. The Seed. 3. The Diftilled Wa- ter of the whole Plant, diftilled in September, when its Berries are Red; which things the Shops are
and exceeding bard, which is the caufe it lies fo long in the Ground after owing, before it Springs up.
ASPARAGVS:
~
tender Shoots or Heads. 5. Tbe Decottion. © Fuice. 7. The Effence. 8. The Saline Tintture.
9. A Gargarifm. 10. A Bath. The Virtues.
a
X. The Roots. Being reduced into Pouder, and given from j. dram to ij. drams in White Wine, of the Diftilled Water of the Plant, it provokes Uzi and opens the ftoppages of the Urinary parts. _
XI. The Seed. It is held to be very efteCtual for the purpofes aforefaid, j, dram of it being given in
White Wine ; fo alfo, if it is mixed in equal quan- tities with the Pouder of the Root, and given in like manner from j. to ij. drams.
XII. The Diffilled Water. It is drawn from the whole Plant, aid is to be re€tified ( as Schroder di- re&ts) by putting ic upon more frefh Herbs. It pro- vokes Urine, and gives eafé in the Stone, being drunk daily three times a day, from iv. to viij. oun- ces: It is ufed alfo as a Vehicle for other
things.
MUL The tender Shoots or Heads. They are Boil- ed, and Eaten as a Sallet, with Butter, Vinegar and Pepper, being very Nutritive ; and tho” cleanfing, as to the Reins, Bladder, and Urinary Paffages, yet they comfort the Stomach, are eafie of Digedtion, and reftore in Confumptions.
XIV. The Decottion of the Roots in Wine. Tt opens
Obftructions of the Bowels, provokes Urine, being ftopped, and expels that Tartarous Matter in the Reins; Ureters and Bladder, which caufes the Stran- ty. Dofé from iv. to viij. ounces. XV. The Fuice of the Roots and young Sprouts. It prevails againft the Strangury, or difficulty in ma- king Water, when it is done by Drops ; it expels Gravel and the Stone out of the Reins and Bladder, and helps vehement pains in the Back. Dofe iij. or iv. ounces in Wine, twice a day.
XVI. The Effence made of the Fuice, or bruifed Plant. It has all the Virtues of the Juice beforego- ing ; befides which, it is good againft the Obftru- tions of the Lungs, Pains of the Stomach and Bowels, Falling-ficknefs, Fits of the Mother, Yel- low Jaundice, and dimnefs of fight: and taken eve- ty Morning and Evening, from ij. to iv. ounces in a GlafS of Generous Wine, it is {aid to ftir up Bodily Luft, Generate Seed, and remove Impotency.
XVII. The Saline Tindure. It has all the Virtues of the Decoétion, Juice, and Effence ; but more powerful in provoking Urine, and expelling Sand, Gravel, Stones and Slimy Tartarous Matter: befides it particularly Stimulates the Generative Faculty by its penessaing and fubtil Quality, and effectually cures the Yellow Jaundice. Dofe from j. to ij.
drams in Wine.
IV. The other or Greater Kind differs nothing from the former, but in the Colour of the Shoots, their
ly larger, and much more fweet and pleafant. It is almoft beyond belief the relation of the vaft_Magni- tude to which this Great Kind will grow :’ This pre- Sent Year 1696. a prefent was made toa Lad af ta Single Bunch containing but one bundred of Sprouts | gu or Heads, which weighed (as was reported to me) above forty Pounds weight: and the /alt Year I cheap- ned a Bunch or hundred, of ser igre Kind in New- gate-Market, which they would not Sell me under ezgbt Shillings, and warranted to weigh above twenty Pounds Weight. So that it is manifeft that the lar- ger fort vs either another Kind, or elfe, the former Sort vaftly prapy ougd by Art and Induftry.
V. The: Places. They grow with us only in Gardens, where they are nourifhed up for the daily Service of the Houfe, being an Excellent Boiled Sallet.
VI. The Times. The bare tender Shoots, which are Sold in Markets in Bunches or Hundreds, come up, commonly in the Spring, and may be had all March, April, and May, and fometimes in Fune ; but the Gardner has arrived now to fuch a dexterity in his Art, that if the Winter or Seafon is, Warm, you. may have them all Fanwary and February, as was manifeft this prefept Year, when I could have had what quantity I pleaféd on New- Years Day. They {pring up after that, to a kind
of diminutive Buh, and Flower in Fune and Fuly; XVIIL The Gargarifm. The Roots bruifed and
and bear their ripe Berries in September, or late in
the Year: VIl.. The Qualities. They feem to be Temperate
in. refpe&t' to heat or coldnefS, drynef$ or moifture.
They: incide, attenuate, open, cleanfé, and are very | an Aneuri/m.
Diuretick-; and feem. to be chiefly Cephalick, Hy-| XIX. The Barb. It is made of a good quantity
fterick and. Nephritick., and, if Authors fay true, | of the Roots and Seeds bruifed, and boiled ina great {tore of Water, which is to be put into a large
Spermatogenetick. with _ VIL The Specification. They are peculiar againft | Vellel; in which a Man may fit up to the Breatts at
- -
boiled in White Wine Vinegar, being gargied in the Mouth warm, gives eafe in the Tooth-ach: and the Root it felf is faid to be profitable to be applied to
faid to keep: But befides them, we have, 4. a 6. Lhe
¥
(Speman oe nen Ee ee ee -at leaft : This has been found effeCtual againft Fits | Harwich in Effex, and divers other Marfh Grounds
of the Mother, Cholick, and Pains of the Back and Reins, and generally *tis good againft Cramps, Con- vulfions, Sciatica’s and ‘other vehement Pains of the lower Parts of the Body.
CHAP. XXXIX.
Of Sea or Marlh ASPARAGUS.
Lo HE Names. Ic is called in Greek,’ Acmiesy@
éaddus : in Latin, by Anguillara and Taber-
montanus, ro se Palufiris: and Afparagus ma- i
Keg ms, vy and Camerarius : by Baubinus, Pe- el, Afparagus maritimus : in Englifh, Sea, or Marfh Afparagus. ae
AL. The Kinds. This is the firft fort of the Wild
; which fome would have us to believe will,
by Tranfplantation, and Manuring in Gardens, be- Pia cae at Leaft as good as the Gar-
opening Roots: Th
and Places, as ina Meadow belonging to a Mill neat Thorp in Effex ; and at Singleton not far from
i¢: alfo in the Meadows near Mox/ton in Lin- colnfbire : Ata place called Badmor-lading, not far from Harwich, and at Moulton in Holland, which is Fy a part of Lincolnfbire. March and Apri/, at what times they are gathered and Eaten; they Flower in Fume and Fu/y, and the Berries are ripe in September.
VI. The Qualities. It is, as to its firft Qualities, temperate: Mr. Ray fays, that the Roots are Diu- retick, and Lithontriptick, and are one of the five
are appropriated to the Liver, Spleen, Reins, Womb and ae
VIL. The Specification. The Roots are peculiar againft the Yellow Jaundice, Stone or Gravel in the Reins and Bladder, as alfo the Sciatica and Gout.
VIII. The Preparations. Youmay have therefrom,
The tender Sores or Heads. 2. A Decottion of the Roots in Wine. 3. A Fuice from the fame. 4. An Effence of the Roots. 5. A Syrup of the fame. 6. A Saline Tinilure.
The Virtues.
IX. The Virtues of the Roots and Seed, and even of the whole Plant, are the fame in all refpetts with thofe of the Manured or Garden ; fo that we need not here be particular in explicating the Vir- tues and Ufes of the afore enumerated Prepara- tions, but wholly refer zor to that which has al- ready been faid in the lait Chapter.
CHAP. XL. Of Wild ASPARAGUS.
|» HE Names. It is called inGreek, ’Aomeay® dytQ, Mvdygvba, domigayG mrpa@ > IM La- tin, Afparagus Sylveftris : in Englifh, Wild Afpara-
é Times. The Tender Shoots {pring up in © ¥
gus, of Stone Afparagus.
Il. The Kinds. There are two principal Kinds, 1. Myacantbinus Galent, Afparagus Sylveftris folizs acutts : Gefner, Dodoneus, Camerarius, and others, call it fimply ee Sylveftris : Cordus, Lobel, Lugdunenfis, and others, Corruda: Baubinus and Parkinfon, Afparagus foltis acutis , and is thought to be the A/paragus Petraeus of Galen and Diofco- rides. 2. Afparagus Petraeus, or Corruda aculeata, Prickly Rock Afparagus : this is called by Clufius, Corruda altera : by Dodoneus, Afparagus Sylveftris, (fo that he makes little difference between this an the former, tho’ indeed there is much: ) and by Bax- hinus, Afparagus aculeatus alter, tribus aut quatuor
Ill. The Defecription. This Wild, or Sea, or Marth kind of Afparagus bas a Root with many Strings and _ Fibres difperfed from a fpongy Head like the former, from whence rifes up many, but fhorter Stalks than the Garden Kinds, fironger alfo and thicker, bran-| fpinis ad eundem exortum. ching forth in the fame manner, and having fuch like| 1. The Defcriptions. The firf?, Wild Afpara- winged Leaves, but fhorter, thicker, harder, and of | gus with fharp Leaves, bas a Head of Roots, having a blewifh, green{ Colour. The Flowers are like the | many Strings aud Fibres depending from it, thicker other, and fo are the Berries or Seed which follow,\ and fhorter than any Fi the other Kinds ; from but greater than they, and not of fo fresh a red\ whence rifes up three or four Stalks, which are fhor-
colour.
IV. The Places. It is found to grow in the Mar-
fhes of Tidnam, near Chepftow, and in Appleton
Meadow in Gioucefterfhire, about two Miles from Briflol, where the Poor People do gather the young , Shoots or Heads, and fell them in the Market at Brifto/, much cheaper than our Garden Kind is fold in London. Mr Ray fays he has found it alfo at the Lizzard Point , and it is faid to be found about
Sharp pointed Leaves,
ter, ftronger, and tougher than the others, diverfly
a and branched into many Wings, on which are
et at feveral diftances, many fmall, fhort, hard, and Jive or fix ftanding at a Foint
together: At thefe Foints likewife, with the Leaves, come forth the Flowers, many, fet upon a long Stalk, which are Yellow, and confifting of fix Leaves apiece. ‘melling as fweet as a March Violet ; after whieh
come {mall Berries, green at the firft, and of a hp
0a
_ ries up feveral branched Sreen Stalks, having three
powerfully, and are ftrong Diureticks and Lithon- P
—— SS Chap. 41. Exghfh: Herbs. iy, [a nr nT Cn nT p-aueereneeeeeeaeeeeeeee fome intelligent Exg/ifb Men, who have lived in Spex for fome Years, that the People of the place efteem them as one of the moit peculiar Remedies
againft the Stone and Gravel, and much Superiour
to the Garden or Marth Kinds. IX. The Preparations. You may make from the
Root, 1. A Decolfion. 2. A Fuice. 3. An Effence. é A Saline Tinture. 5. A Diftilled Water: and om the Seeds or Berries, 6. A Poxder. - :
The Virtues.
X. The Virtues are the fame with the Garden and Marfh Kinds : and therefore the Defignation and Ufes of each Preparation the fame, to which you are referred ; fave, that thefe Wild —— are
eftemeed to be double in Force and
ifh Afh-colour when they: are ripe, wherein 4 con- tained a hard Black Seed.
CHAP. XLI
Of Common A VEN S.
I. “((HE Names. This Herb, for all that we can learn, was unknown to the Greeks, and
therefore we can furnifh you with no Greek name for it : but it is called in Latin, Caryophyllara, and Garyophyllata, ( ftom the finell of its Root ) alfo Herba Beneditta, Sanamunda ; and Tragus would have it called Nardus agreftis, ( not only for the fweet fcent of its Roots, but for its excellent Vir- tues) and is fuppofed to be the Geum Phaiy, in Lift. lib. 26. Se#. 21. It is called in Englifh, Avens,
and Herb Bennet.
IV. The fecond Wil Kind,or Prickly Rock Af . bs re Sus, which fome call Thorny Fy tafe bas oe thick and fhort Roots, with many thick ftrings, all meeting together at the head of the Root, from whence
or four fharp green Thorns ( more like in,
Thorns than Leaves, they are fo hard, pending and fharp pointed ) Jet together all along the Stalks and Branches ; from which come forth fmall, moffy Yellowifh green Flowers ; and after them fore of Berries, greater than in the former, and of 2 black- yb green colour, when they are ripe, full of a green- ih Pulp, wherein ufually lies but one black hard feed, or at moft two, having a White Kerne] with
it.
V. The Places. The firft Kind grows in Ston and Rocky Yo ie as, near to Sdn in S, xf alfo under Hedges, and in the very Fields in Cite and Granada ; about Narbone and Montpeher in France ; as alfo in Creet or Candy. The fecond pons in ftony and ragged or ree places, as alfo
y hedge fides, not only. in Spain, but alfo in Por- tugal and Creet. But with us, both the Kinds are oly found Nurft up in Gardens of the Cu-
VI. The'Fimes. They Wes. y fend forth their tender Shoots carly in the Spring, and Flower in Fune and July, having Tipe fruit in September : But with us m Exgland, it {carcely comes to perfection, unlefs the fon 1s Very warm, and they grow in a warm place, Sos a defend them from cold Blafts and
mes
a Git One They are Temperate as to
of the former Pen father more drying than any | IL. The Kinds. TheGeneral Kinds are two. 1. Ce- eg weey, incide, attenuate, and open | ryophyllata vulgatior, the common Avens. 2. Caryo-
tripticks : and peculiar! ‘ i hylata Montana, the Mountain Avens ; of which
Sden Reins 4 nd W y vile gamma to the Liver, | in the next Chapter. The Common Avens is two-
V Apes hill fold, 1. That, Flore minore, with the finaller Flower,
Ul, The Specification. I have been informed by | ( which is the more Common: ) 2. That, Kore ma-
; — ij SA y Ad
Je,
&
4 F) 56 Salmon’s
J°re, with the greater Flower, as Mr. Ray has no- ‘on tiie Plant. pag. 606.
IL The Deferiptions. The jirft of the Common Kind with the fmaller Flower, has. a Root confifting of many thick Strings, and fmaller Fibrés;. fomewhat < Of a brownifh pele without, and reddifh witbin,
Smelling fomewhat like unto Cloves, efpecially if it grows in the higher, hotter and dryer Ground, .and in a freer and clearer Air ; but nothing “fo much, or not at all in many other places, efpecially if they be moift : From this Root Spring forth many long, rough, dark, green winged Leaves, every one made of many Leaves, ‘fet on each fide of a middle Rib , the three largeft whereof grow at the ends, and fmipt or den- ted round about the edges , the other being {mall pieces, fometimes two, and fometimes four, ftanding on each fide of the faid middle Rib, under them: among which do rife up divers rough or bairy Stalks, about a Foot high, branching forth with Leaves at every Foint, not fo long as thofe below, but almoft
as much cut in on the edges, fome into three parts, | yal,
and fome into more : on the tops of the Branches - fland {mall, pale, yellow Flowers, confifting of five Leaves, like Cinquefoil Flowers, but larger , in the midft whereof, ftands a-fmall green head, which, when the Flowers are fallen, grow to be rough and round, being made of many long, greenifh, purple Seeds, like grains, which will ftick on your Cloths.
IV. The other Avens with a large Flower, is a Plant little differing from the former. in any parti- cular, except in the Flowers, which are greater than thofe of the common, and fairer : This I have fome- times formerly feen and gathered in Woods and -
Ses in Paes parts of Cambridge-fhire, where the whole Plant grew large and very fragrant , but the Roots not much inferior ( in my opinion ) in their Scent to Cloves themfelves.
V. The Places. They are found to grow Wild in many places of our Land, under Hedge fides, and near Ly in fome Fields, as alfo in Woods and Copfes, delighting to grow rather in Shadowy than Sunny places. And in many places they are brought into Gardens, chiefly about London, and in fome great Towns and Cities, that they may be near at hand upon occafion. The Large Flowered Avens ping in Tedford Wood, in the Woulds of Lincoln-
i7e.
VI. The Times. They Flower in-May and Fune eucaly; and their Seed is ripe in Zu/y at far-
eft.
VII. The Qualities. Avens is hot and ‘dry in the firft Degree ; and is geiding, Attenuating, Opening, Abfterfive, Difcuffive, Refolutive, Carminative, A- lexipharmick, Aftringent, and Vulnerary. © Schroder ys it is Cephalick, and Cardiack ; and we know by Experience that it is Stomatick, Hepatick, Hy- fferick, and Arthritick. *
VIII. The Specification. Schroder fays, its chief ufe is in drying up Catarrhs, and refolving Coagu- lated Blood : it is afingular cure for Wounds and Ulcers.
IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing hereof, but only, 1. “The Root : but you may pre- pare therefrom, 2. A Decottion. 3. A Wine. 4. A Fuice from the Roots and Plant. 5. An Effence. 6. A Spirituous Tintture from the whole Plant. 7. A Saline Tintture. 8. An Oily Tinture. 9. An Ointment. 10. A Balfam. 11. A Cataplafm. 12. A mixture for Callous Ulcers.
The Virtues.
X. The Root. The Pouder of the dryed Roots iven from half adram to j. dram, ftrengthens the tomach, opens Obftructions, is good againft Spit-
Herbal. Lib. L.
ting or Piffing Blood, or the Bloody Flux, and {trewed on moift or running Sores, or Ulcers,
them up, and difpofes them to healing. The dryed Roots are alfo ufed to be laid among Cloths, to per- fume them, and keep away Moths.
“XT. The Decottion, Made in Mead, or half Wine half Water, it is good’ for ftoppages of the Breft and Stomach, Stitches and;Pains of the Sides, opens Obftru&tions,. and correfts cold arid crude humors in the Stomach and Bowels. Dofé vj. ounces. .
XU. The Wine. It is very Atomatick, and if it is drunk for fome continuance of time, every Morn- ing fafting, it warms ‘and ftrengthens a cold Sto- mach, takes away ficknefS at Stomach, comforts the Heart, expels Wind, makes a good Digeftion, opens Obftruétions of the Liver and Spleen, refifts Poifon, and is a fingular prefervative againft the any Peftilential Bifeate Dofe, in infe&tious times, iv. or vj. ounces, Morning, Noon, and Night.
XII. The Fuice from the Root, &c. It is Petto-
Warming, Comforting, and Strengthening a cold Stomach, and is good for Inward bruifes and hurts, for it diffolves congealed Blood, happening by falls or bruifes,as alfo {pitting of Blood ; ir opens Ob- ftru€tions of the’ Paver: Spleen, and Womb, Be 4 vokes the Terms, and is good: againft the Colick. Dofe from ij. Spooufuls to iv. or more, in Wine, Mead, or Ale : Outwardly, it is good to wafh old running Sores, or putrid Ulcers with, in erder to their cleanfing and healing.
XIV. The Effence. It is good for Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs, is Cephalick, Stomatick, Cordial, Hyfterick and Vulnerary, eminent againft cold and moift Difeafes of the Head, Brain and Nerves ; it ftrengthens Digeftion, and caufes a good Appetite, taking away pains of the Stomach, from the cold- nefS thereof ; it chears the Heart, and is good againft SicknefS and Fainting Fits ; prevails againft Bar- rennefS in Women, by rectifying the cold and moift Diftempers of the Womb. It is alfo an excellent Vulnerary, for by taking this Effence Daily, from j. to iij. or iv. ounces, Morning, Noon and Night, it caufes Wounds, Ulcers, and Fiftula’s to heal after an admirable manner.
XV. The Spirituous Tinflure. Ithas the Virtues
of the Effence, but not full out fo powerful, except in Vulnerary cafes, in which it may do full as well Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams, or more, in a Glafs of Wine or- Diet Drink.
XVI. “The Saline Tintture. It opens Obftru€tions of the Reins, is good againft the Plague, and all Peftilential Difeafes, Wounds, Ulers, Sores Fiftu- la’s, and many Difeafes of the Head, Brain, Nerves, Lungs, Breft, Liver, Spleen, Womb, and Reins, car- tying off the Morbifick Caufe by Urine. Dofe
om j. to ij. drams in Ale, Mead, Wine, or Diet Drink. ;
XVII. The Oily Tindure. oe to Wounds and Punétures of the Nerves and Tendons, it cures them: it helps Lamenefs, Numbednefs, Trembling of the Limbs, and Palfies, being anointed Morning and Evening on the parts affe&ted ; as Pains, Aches, and Gouts, proceeding from cold Caufes, or a de- fluxion of cold Humors. _ And inwardly taken, from
vj. drops to xvi. or xx. drops, in fome proper Ve-
hicle, it prevails againft Lethargies, V A plexies, Ccarvulfionn and other cold Dif of the
wi is ot eal Sendatareh Gee Be ae is a Sand, Gravi Ce
XVIIL The Ointment. It eafes Pains # from a cold Caufe, difcuffes Oedema’s, Scrophula’s, and Phleg- aces or Inflammations, and abates imations in Wounds and Ulcers, by difcuffing the Caufe ; and
is ood again the Files in Ano. - XIX. 7 Balfam, Mt is 4 tue ql :
Plague, or ”
Te
of thefé mixtures take off a Callus from any Ulcer
. Yor dented ng a the
Heads bang down : the tops of the Stalks, and Cups ; of theFlowers, are commonly of a pe? Yellow, ¢ Husks that
_ contain them : Thefe
Chap. 42. Englih Herbs. 59
pretty Red Colour, and are of divers shapes, and
cures fimple Wounds by the firft intention : It clean- grow divers ways : ( tbich is the reafon that Clu--
fes running Sores; old foetid Ulcers; atid ftubborn and rebellious Fiftula’s ; wafhing them firft with the Juice, or Effence, and then applying of this Balfam : it cleanfes, incarnates, or breéds Flefh, and brings to
a see healing. as X. The Cataplafm. Xt difcuffes Inflamations in their beginning ; is good againft Contufions, or Bruj- fes, eafes pains or Aches in any part, and is fingular good in a cold Gout. I have applied it with great duccefs in vehement Head-achs, proceeding from ta- King cold, or any recent Caufe. .
XI. The Mixture. Take Faice of the Roots iv. ounces, fine Verdigrecfe ij. drams; mix them. It takes off the Callus in hollow Ulcers, and Fiftula’s, where it muft be injected with a Syringe. But if the Callofity is in an open Ulcer, the Mixture may be thus made: Take a the foregoing Ointment ij. ounces : Pouder of Tobacco ij. drams : Verdi rie j- dram: mix them. . Or thus: Take of the former Balfam ij. ounces : Pouder-of round Birthwort Roots ij. drams : fine Verdtgreefe }. dram : mix them. Any
fius, and fome others, have judged them to be feve- ral Plants, giving the Flowers bere expreft for a differing kind. ) For fome of thefe Flowers, even the kreateft part of them grow with five gt round pointed Leaves, which never lye fair open, but only. ftand firaight out, the middle part being filled with a hairy matter, and yellowifh Threads : Some of thefé Flowers confift of Seven, Eight, Nine, or more Léaves, and fome again lye wholly open, with Green Leaves, growing clofe under the Cup of the Flower ; and fome few now and then may be found compofed of a great many little Leaves, thick thruft tog ether, making a very double Flower : after the Flowers are fallen come fuch hairy Heads, as you fee in the Ki gure, and in other Plants of this Kind, among which lies the Seed, . :
or Fiftula, cleanfés the fame, and induces it toa fpeedy healing ; and this it will do, if the affect is
in the Joints.
CHAP. XLII Of Wild or Mountain AVE NS.
L/S HE Bang They = 3 aaa in Latin, Ca- ryophylata agreft7s, ophyllata montana, and in Exel Wild Riya The Epi- thet Wild is put to thefe, to diftinguifh them from the former, which are ‘never called Wild ; for tho’ they grow Wild in Fields and Woods, yet it is al- Ways near home, and befides, they are many times Nurfed up in Gardens, which thefe are never, ex- cept as meer Rarities. ae
. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds of Moun- tain Avens, but thofg growing in our Country chief- ly, are, 1. conn ies montana purpurea, as Ge- rard calls it: Or Montana paluftris purpurea, as Parkinfon : Alfo Aquatica nutante flore, and Aqua- tica flore rubro firiato, by the Baxbins ; Purple Mountain Avens, or Water Avens. 2. Caryophyl- lata flore amplo purpureo, Avens with a large dox- ble flower. 3. Caryophyllata Chamedryos tae as Morifon calls it: Chamedris fpuria montana Cifti- lore, as Parkinfon : Alpina Ciftiflore, and Alpina Flore fragrarie albo, as the Baubins : Teucrum Al- pinum Cifliflore, as Gerard ; Mountain Avens with Germander Leaves. 4. Caryophyllata Pentaphyllea, as Baubin and Parkinfon: Alpina Pentaphyllea, as Gerard : and Alpina quinquefolia, as Cafpar Baubin ; Cinquefoil Avens. ‘To which add, 5. Caryophyllata montana Virginienfis, Virginia Mountain Avens. 6. Caryophyllata montana flore magno Luteo, Moun- tain Avens with a great yellow flower.
III. Defcriptions. 1. Purple, or Water Mountain Avens. It bas a Root about a Fingers thickne{s, with many Strings or Fibres thereat, from whence rifes
many long and hairy Leaves, compofed of divers
u Ihtle Leaves, with larger at the top, and thefe fnipt edges, like as the Common Avens :
IV. 2. Avens with a large double purple Flower? Son make this to be a different Kind from the laft,, yet doubtle/s it is not, but 1s one of the /portings of Nature, wherein fhe alts varioufly in one and thé Same Plant ; and therefore the Defcription of the laft may fully ferve for this, there being in truth no variation but in the Flower, as we have in thé former, above, already declared:
V. 3. Mountain Avens with Gerthander Leaves. It has a long, thick, hard, woody Root, with many Sprigs or Strings growing from it, and fpreading under ground, of a brown blackifh colour, from whence {pring up Jeveral hard, woody Stalks, eight or niné Inches long, fpread upon the Earth, of a brown, reddifh colour, which coe Leaves growing upon them without any order, like to Germander Leaves, but leffer, harder, more wrinkled, and faw- like indented on the edges, of a White Hony colour
below or underneath, and of a blackifb Green colour above, having an psig Tafte. The Flowers are White, and each Flower flands upon a flender haity Foot-ftalk, about three or four Inches long, twice as big ar a Strawberry Hower, and confifting of fix Leaves apiece, or more, in the middle of which is a Thrummy Head, of a {mall hairy fub- ftance, which bing fale, there fucceeds little Dow-
ny
among thefe Leaves rife up se Stalks, a Foot or more in height, on which grow Flowers, whofe
t the Flowers fcarcely
appear above t Fe
wers themfelves are of a
et 3 oT
? s
~, wee
# or Feathered Heads, not much unlike to thofe of the Pafque-flower, with an oblong Seed, of a Sad Red Colour. And the bottoms of the Flowers are fuftain- ed, as it were, with narrow oblong bairy Leaves.
VIL 4. Cinquefoil Avens. It bar a Root compofed of many tough Strings, of a brownifh Colour, and
58 Salmons Herbal.
Lb
X. The Times. They Flower from the beginning of May, to the end of Fuly, and their Seed is ripe in Auguff, or not longafter. -
XI. Qualities. Thefe are all generally of a Nature, and have the fame Qualities and Virtues,
; } : ;
They are hot and dry in the fecond Degree: They Smelling fomewhat like to the Here Kinds, from | incide, attenuate, open, cleanfe, difcufs, refolve, ex- whence rifes ~ Leaves divided into five parts like | pel Wind ; are Aftringent, Vulnerary, and refift Poi- unto Caguefo ' dented about the edges, and having |\{on : and cre appropriated to the Head, Nerv Stalks about a Foot high, baving fuch like Leaves Hea Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Womb, and Joints. thereon, at the Joints where it branches forth: at| XI. The Specification. They havea peculiar pro- the tops whereo fant Pale Yellow Flowers, like thofe in curing Wounds and U opening all hen of the Common Avens, but fmaller, with /- | of Obftructions, drying up Catarths, and ftopping ower Threads, fomewhat Downy in the middle. preternatural Fluxes of the Bowels.
VII. 5. Mountain Avens of Virginia. Thzs is whol-| XIII. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
like to the Purple Avens, fir sfried in this | of them , but yon may have from their Roots, Chapter, but it is taller and larger than that, almoft | ( whichare chiefly in ule ) 1.4 Pouder of the Root, in every refpett, and fcarcely differing in any thing \ 2. A Decottion. 3. A Wine. 4. A Fuice. 5. An E elfe; and it yields flat, thin, blackifh Seed in Husk. | fence. 6. A Spirituous Tinflure. 7. A Saline Tin- Vill. 6. Mountain Avens, with great yellow|@ure. 8. Aa Oily Tintlure. 9. An Ointment. Flowers. This has a thick, long,brownifh round Root,| 10. A Balfam. 11. A Cataplafm. 12. A mixture of the bignefs of ones Finger, creeping under the | for callous Users. Bie upper Cruft of the Earth, not altogether fo ftringy f ? reese ; j
a the Common, defcribed in Chap. 41. . afore- The Virtues. going, but having fome fmall Fi 4 Jhooting down- rite
wards in feveral places, and Smelling and Tafting KAY. "The. Virewes of all thee Mosiatéiw Avent r ' ke to Clovet,ieg Dele Cs she fir Lommon fort; are the fame with thofe of the Common Avens, and
L from whence comes forth divers winged Leaves, made fet to all the fame Dileafes, andedifier st i af many fmall Leaves towards the bottom, ftanding | © APPHEC CO an tne nae eae? an s on hotb des of the Rib, the end Leaves Wie ore nothing but the degree of their ftrength, force, or
a efficacy ; for that thefe Wi/d or Mountain Avens. and whole, not drvided, but fomewhat deeply dent- ns wc lt 3 fronger than the Coomon Kind an
ed, or cut in on the edges, of a frefher green colour : Ayal
likewife Softer alfo and gentler in handling, than yaa ree, her cae nee’ =, ce Vin thofe of the Common Kind : from among which rife i = von lifes «= sb Several Facamnicts kei up flender Stalks, feldom branched, having very few named, are the fame with thofe of the Common A-
aves thereon, at the Tops whereof ftands ufuall : nee’ Phase apiece, cad outta a ., yo vens before declared in Chap. 41. Sett..10. to Seédf.
F the moft part like thofe of the Common fort, conjij?-| ?* to which you ate referred. ) ing of five or fix Leaves, much larger than thofe, E i ] and of a deeper Yellow Colour, and fometimes with a ih fe _ White Flower, as Camerarius in horto fays, tending to rednefs, ioe Sa Yellow ‘Threads in the mid- dle, compaffing a Green Head, which when the Flower a el increafes to be around Head, befet with flat Seeds, not fo rough, or ready to flick to ones Cloths,
CHAP. XLIIZL Of Common BARLE Y.
¥ but every one of them having a long Feather-like sy Hair or Thread at the end. The whole Plant, as well . Leaves at Howers, and Seed, are covered with a Juall foft hairy Down, which is not much, or eafie | 1. HE Names. It is called in Hebrew ryqyw, to be difcerned, unlefs one takes good notice thereof,| . Segnorab, Fob 31. 4. and Foe/ 1.11.€%e. In : or beeds it very well. Arabich, Xabaer, Shair : In Greek, Keli: in Latin, . TX. The Places. The firft of thefe are found by | Hordeum: and in Englifh, Barley. Water Sides in Wet or Marfh Grounds on the} IL The Kinds. It is either Manured or Wild, of Mountains ; in Northern Mountainous Places in} which latter in the next Chapter. The Manured is, ' England, as about Settle and Ingleton, &c. alfo in} Hordeum Diftichum, Common Barley. 2. Hordeum Wales, about Snowden Hill, &c. and in divers other | Diftichum Jatius, Bear or Battledore Barley. 3. Hor- places. The fecond has been found near Strickland | deum Polyficbon, Square Barley, or Winter Barley. magnum in Weftmorland. ‘The third is found in fe-| 4. Tusvixed, Galeni, Zeorves, Hordeum nudum, veral of the Alpine Mountains ; and in Ireland, on| Zeopyrum, Tritico Speltum, Naked Barley. the Mountains between Gort and Galloway. The ie The Defcriptions. The fir/t bas a Graff Roots fourth was found by Pena on the Rhetian Alps near | with many {mall Fibres or Strings, from whence ri- Clatena, who at firit took it to be a kind of Cingue-| fes up feveral Grafly Leaves and Stalks, fometimes foil, but by the Smell and Tafte, found it to be] more, fometimes lefs , which are fhorter and fofter Wie Avens’: it has been found in the Den of Bethaick | than thofe of Wheat, and the Grafly Leaves are alfo in Scotland. The fi gtows in Virginia, Carolina,\ fhorter, broader and rougher, and the Stalks rife w and other parts of Morida, and is only nourifhed | to be 12, 14,16, or 18 Inches high, according to t up with us in Gardens. The fixth is found upon | goodne/s of the Ground: at the Tops whereof a divers Mountains, as on Coronos in Bohemia, by the} forth Ears, having twa rows of Corn, fet in good. Springs of the Rrver Albis, as Matthiolus fays, and | order, each inclofed in a Husk, fticking clofé to the upon Mount Baldws, as Pena fays, and in many | Grain, and having a long rough Aune or Beard ~ other places. Baubinws found it in Mount Bray-| thereat, which is many times greater and longer than lium of the Rhetians ; and Clufius on the Ridges of | Whear, and whiter alfo, not very eafily falling out the Highe/t 8 not every where, but amongft | of the Ear. Cordus fays, that this kind makes a re-
RE Se CE
Graf§ and Shrubs; but with us it is chiefly nourifh- | compence for the fmallne/s of the Ear, by the num- be ed up in Gardens, ber of the Stalks each Grain or Root produces ; pe ays
’
Chap. 43. Exgh/h Herbs. 59 Vhs third Kind This is uo abrgether Uke ;
the other Kinds in the Root, Stalk, Leaf and Grain, . but differs only in thé Ear, this always having four
oe Says be, I bave_nunibred above fixty Stalks rifing i: ya she Root of one Corn, bit ufially twenty, thirty,
ae yy. os and for a Rows of Grains, whereas the others have but two : ' Comi211922. Ba le Some Authors will have it, that this kind has fome- RE 7h times fix Roivs of Grains on the Ear, called, Hor- an deum Hexafticum, or Cantherinum. But I am of
Opinion it is of a different Kind from the four Row- ed, or Square Baty ; for that this is leffer, and without doubt is that Jmall kind which is brought to us out of Germany, and fold in our Grocers Shops, called Pearl Barley : There is alfo a fort of large hud Barley, called Frech Batley, which is only our common Englith Barley hull’d , aad 75 calléd French, becaufe it was fir, of all bull'd in France.
. The fourth Kind. The Root is Graffy, with many Fibres or Strings at it ; whence rifes up Stalks, like to.the Common Barley, or rather like unto Spelt, ; but it has not fo |many Stalks rifing from h
Barley has , it bas many rows of Corns in the Ears, ¢ Husks, but have not that
which are inclofed in 4 hard or barfb Skin or Husk upon them, which the Common Barley has, with long, rough Awnes or Beards at their ends, and the Grains or Corns are
more lank, fmall, yellow, and fhort, and naked, with out Husks, growing almoft like Wheat, the which in its yellowifh Colour it fomerbbat refembles.
VIL. The Places. The firft or our Common Bar- ley, is fown in all thé Southern parts ef the King- dom : the fecond is fown in the North pie only : the third is reafonably frequent in our Land. The laft is fown in feveral places of Germany, for the fame ufes as the other Bar/ey is ; this is rare with us, yet it is fown in our Gardens, where it flouri*
fhes very well. VIIL The Times. Barley is fown with us id firft kinds : the Square
March, efpecially the two or Winter Barley, is faid to be fown before Winter 3 but all forts of Barley ( even the Winter Barley )
ate fown with us in England in March or April, and are ripe or fit for cutting in Amgu/t following, or beginning of September at farthett.
IK. The Qualities. They ate cooling and drying in the firft Degree. They are gently Repercuflive, Abfterfive, Diuretick, and apvar: appropriated to ‘the Lungs and Reins ; alfo Antifebritick and Ga- . la&togenetick, or breating, Mill:
e
FO Sy Tew re eer os - 7 } .
a neces
: IV. The fecond Kind ss like the other in all re-
Spee, excepting in the Ear, which is indeed much
roader, ( tho’ it bas but two rows, as the former )
or that the Grains lye more ftraight out, not fo
much floping yd al and withal they are fomething
eat, ut the Awnes or Beard, not bel out fo ong ;
BST se
X. The Specification y are peculiar for al- ~ be the heat of Blood in Fevers, to we Piffing and fharpnefs of Urine, being ca ed thro”
the Application of Veflcatories, by an “unskilful
XI. The Preparations. You may have from the Grain, 1. Malt. 2. Beer. 3. Ale: 4. A Spirit. §. Pee lenta. 6. Maza. 7. Ptifan. 8. Teft. 9. Faces or Bor- toms of Ale or Beer. 10. A Balfam. 11. The Meal or Flower. 12. Bread. 13. Cream. 14. Barley Water: 15. A Cataplafm. 16. A Mixturé. 17. A Fulep. 18. A Bath. 19. An Empldjter. 20. A Diftilled ©
| Water from the green Plant, whilft the Grain is yer green, or not fully ripe. 21. Brewers Grains.
The Virtues.
XIL The Malt. This is called in Greek, Bim, Aiting : in Latin, Byne, and Malrum , which is
it Word, from the German Word Matz, or our Exglifh Word Ma/t, which is Barley prepa- red for Brewing Ale or Beer; the manner of which Preparation is thus : Take @ Quantity of Barley, as much as you pleafe, put it into Cifterns made for that 2, which you may fill full with the Barky,
Pepe Jo much Water thereon as may cover i, and there let the Grain foak for two or three Dot 2 : as.
1
efs . maining Malt, os Quantity
60
and Nights, till it is well Jwoln ; then drain the Water hom it by a Cock or Pipe below ; which done, foe feces Barley is to be taken out of the Cifterns, an fread equally, or of an equal thicknefs, upon the Floor oft a Maitiis Houfe, about balf a Foot thick, or more, and according as the Air is cold, it is covered with Cloths, or not covered, and is to lye till it begins to fprout, ready. as it were to grow, which will be pehvuel in two or three days, if the Weather is warm, or not very cold; otherwife it mis lye longer : before it grows bot, which it is apt to do, it is to be turned with Shovels for that purpofe, two or three times a Day for a Week or ten Days toge- ther, to cool it, and dry it: When it is thus dryed, it ts put upon a Malt Kiln, and there it is through- ly dryed by the belp of Fire, made either of Straw, Frise or Wood, to caufe it to have the fweeter Re- lifh or Tafte : \f it is dryed with Faggots or Wood, the Malt will tafte Bitterifh from the Smoak, and will eafily be paraes in the Drink, which will tafte Bitter: If ic is dried with Furzes, or other light ftuff, ic will tafte lefS Bitter ; but the only choice Malt is that which is dried with Straw, for that is truly Sweet, and makes the only pleafant Drink. Ma/t being grofly Ground is made into Beer and Ale, as we thall in the next place fhew. Ground Malt Fryed, and applied in a Bag, as hot as can be endured to the Sides or Belly, gives eafe in Pains proceeding from Stitches, Colick, or Gri- pings caufed through Cold or Wind : Made into a
ultife, it is good to affwage Inflamations, or other like Tumors or Swellings.
XII. Beer. This is called in Greek, 26@ : in Latin, Zythum, Cerevifia Lupulata;, and in Englifh, Beer. It is made by Infufion of Ground Malt, and a due Quantity of Hops in a Sufficient Quantity of Boiling Water in a proper Fat or Veffel, fo long till the whole Virtue and Goodne/s is Extratted out of both Malt and ye ; then this Liquor is drawn off : Now left any g Should yet be left in the re- of Boiling Liquor is put thereon, and fo ftirred well together, and aoe in Infufion till the remaining Sweetnefs is Extratted into the Liquor : Thefe two Liquors ( or more, if you think needful to make them ) which are called Worts, viz. the Stronger and the Smaller Worts, are put togetber, and being mixed, are put into Coolers,
’ to bring them to a juft Heat, or rather Warmth, to
make them fit for a fucceeding Fermentation : Being thus only brought to a Warmtb, the Liquor is. put into the Working Fat , and to caufe or facilitate the Fermentation or Working, a proportional Quantity of Ferment or Yeft is added, and mixt with it, and tbe Working is continued fo long till both afte and Smell grve a Demonftration, that the Nature of the Liquor is changed, and turned from a dull, heavy,
‘Sweet Tafte, to a kind of a Vinous Adiwity and Fla-
vor. 1 know our Common Brewers Boil their Worts, and it is their Opinion, that the Beer or Ale will not keep without fuch Boiling ; but Experi- ence has long fince refuted the Error or Vanity of fuch Conceptions : tis only the Liquors being {trong of the Malt, which makes the Ale or Beer keep ; if it is weak in that, boil it as long as you will, it will foon grow Small, Hard, and Soure, nor can you prevent it,do what you can: and if it is very {trong of the Malt (and not too much fermented ) tho” the Worts were never Boiled at all, yet will the Drink keep feveral Years Good, and grow nei- ther Soure, nor Hard, as your Drink made of Boil- ed Worts does ; and of this 1 am a particular and faithful Witnefs : See more Arguments againft the Boiling of Worts in my Seplafium, or Druggifts Shop, lib. 8. cap. 7. fea. 26. where you may receive abundant Satisfaftion, almoft next to Demonftra- tion,
~ Salmon’s Herbal.
wanting. But of lat
Lib. L.
XIV. Ale. This was called in Greek by Dio/- corides, Kieu x Kigua: In Latin, Curmi, (from the Greek,) alfo Cerevifia, Cervifia, & Cervifia non lu- pulata, or Drink not Hopt, now called Ak. It ws made of Malt exattly as Beer % made, without any difference, except in the Hopping, which as bere in the Summer Time, the Brewers put in a: quanty the Ale keep the better, which is the property of the Hops, confirmed to us by Experience. A/e with- out doubt is the moft Ancient But it has loft much of its Reputation fince Beer came into Fafhion or Ufe; becaufé the Hops make it more durable without fowering, and lefs fullfome and more wholfome. However, whether it is A/e or Beer that is drunk, that is the beft and more wholfom which is recent or new, than that which is hard or ftale, the former being cleanfing, and keeping the Body open and more Soluble; whereas the ftale is Aftringent, and ftopping, caufing heart- burnings laying the Foundation of an Acid Ferment.
XV. The Spirit. It % drawn from Beer or Ale grown very bard, prickt, or atecft Sower. It may be drawn ina Copper Vefica, with its Serpentine or Worm, with agentle Fire, drawing off two thirds of the Liquor : or it may be mixt with double the quan- tity of fair Water, and one third part or better may be drawn off with a firong lire, po will it have lefs of an Empyreuma : this Spirit thus drawn off muft be rettified, by mixing it. with an equal quantity of Water, and drawing off the one half: Me by repeat- ing this Work feveral times, you will fo purely wafh, and perfettly cleanfe the Spirit, that allits yg Hes and ill fcent will be takén totally from it : This be- ing done, you may either keep it in its prefent con- dition, of the Strength of Common -Brandy, for common and ordinary Ufes: or you may Detleg- mate it by reiterated Diftillations per fe, either ina Copper efica tind wihin with its Worm, drawing off only the fine Spirit, leaving the Flegm behind , or you may Diftill it in a Glafs Body or Bolt Head in Balneo Maria, ot a very gentle Sand heat, which
will caufe the fubtil Spirit only to Afcend, leaving .
the Watry parts below; and this Work is fo often to be repeated, till the Spirit is become purely fine, and free from Flegm, ftrong enotgh to fire Guz- powder. This Work will the better be done, if a proportional quantity of Common or Bay Salt, or Pot-Afhes be caft into the Spirit: for the Salt diffolving in the Flegm, will keep it down or make it ftay behind , and caufe the Liquor to yield its Spirit with much more eafe and freedom, and more pure from Flegm and Empyreuma. As to its Virtues and Ufes, it has the fame Nature, Quality, and’ Ufe with the Spirit of Wine, and performs all the fame things, in making Tinéfures, Cordial Water, Elixirs, Powers, Volatile Spirits, Baths, &c. and therefore to that you are referred. 5
XVI. Polenta. This the Ancients made varioufly : Pliny lib. 18. chap. 7. faysthat the Greeks made it of Green Barly taken out of the Ear before it was
fully ripe, fleeped inWater, then beaten ina Mortar, .
after wafhed in Baskets, to free it from the Husks,
Jo dried in the Sun, and afterwards Siecped and
beaten again, till it was throughly cleanfed, which being dried was ground fmall; of this they took xx. pounds, and added thereto, Lin-feed, Coienlersame of each j. pound: Salt ij. ounces: ae laft things: well beaten together were mixed with the Barly, and and fo prepared for ufe, I. Other Grecians, fays Pliny, Made it of Barly fteeped for a Night in Water and Husked by beating.in a Mortar, after drie
and fo parched or fried it the next day, and then ground it to Meal, to make Bread, Cakes, Puddings
\
:
of Hops, to make |
tink of our Land ;_
in many, and breeding Acid Humors, and .
’ nefS of the Throat. This was the Prifan of the
is profitable both for fick and we!
Chap. 43. Eagh/h Herbs. - 61 XIX. The re It is the Superficial Feculency of the Drink, raifed therefrom in Working; and 2eft begets 7¢/?, haftning on and more fpeedily perfect- ing the Fermentation of the Liquor, which is a pig e. of the Flowery or Mealy Particles of thé alt fom the Wort, and the ftirring up an innate and latent Acid into a&t, to give the Drink a plea- fant fort of brisknef$ or QuicknefS, enlivening it with aSubtil and kind of Vinous Spirit. This %e/t by Diftillation yields a Vinous Spirit, of equal Vir- tues with the Spirit of Wine: and Bakers ufe A” Teft infteap of Leaven, to make their Bread light; which would otherwife be fad: but Phyfically it is chiefly of External ufé. Being immediately apply’d in Burns and Scalds, it prefently takes out the Fire, and eafes the finarting Pain, making the affect more eafy and yielding to other Medicaments. Apply d new Wine, or boiled up with Wine, and fo eaten, | to yom: get and other like Tumiors, it helps to dif as every one liked belt. cufs and refolve them, unlefs they be A XVII Maza. This is only Polenta, or the | and then it haftens the fuppuration of the Apoftemt Flower of Parched Bar/y, moiftned with fome | or Tumor, and alleviates the pain. Being boiled kind of Liquor, as every one liked beft: fome | to a Salve or Emplaftick Saks ae apply’d, it with Water, fome with Water and Oil Olive, fome | ftrengthens a weak Back, and weak Joints, eafes with fweet Wine, fome with Wine and Ox/, and | Pain in thofe or other parts, and is difcuffive and fome mixed it with Honey, as Hefychius , Hippo refolutive. crates and Galen declare: but Galen fays that a,| XX. The Feces or bottoms of the Bareli, called is hard of Digeftion, and generates Wind: if it is| by fome, Emptyings. They yield a Spirit by diftillas well moiftned with Water, fweet Wine, or Oil, | tion like the Yelt, which may be rettified to the like a Honey alfo is added to it, it the fooner pafles | degree of Subtilty and purity; and may ferve for all
er Broath of. Il. The Italians Made it of Parched Barly, without an easitgy} ground fmall; to xx. pounds of which they added Millet-feed in Pouder iij. pounds: Coriander-feed, Lin-feed, wel/ beaten of each }. pound, Salt ij. ounces and a half, and then mixt them all together. IV. Galen Commends it to be Made of Fre/h Barly not full out ripe or hardned, and before the Beard was white, or quitedry, and then indifferently parched, and reduced to Flower, adding nothing elfe to it. Many Nations ufed this Polenta inftead of Bread; and the Gpriots tho’ they had Wheat growing with them, yet moftly eat this. It drys and aftringes more than Barly it felf, binding the Belly and {topping fluxes, being drunk with A/icamt, or red Wine: drunk with Water, it
uenches thirft, and allays Inflamations of the
hroat or Lungs. It was often eaten mixed with
the fame intentions the other will ferve for, whether
off. XVIII. Prifana. The Ancients made it of feve- | Chymical or Pharmaceutical: And the Feces or Bot- veral forts of Grain, not of Barly only, but of] toms themfelves are good to be outwardly poy Wheat, Rice, Oats, Peafe, Lentils. But Ptifan,| in all the fame cafes, and to all the fame Difeafes fimply confidered, is always underftood to be made | for which we have prefcribed the 2¢/ in the for- of Husked Barly ody. aierates his way of | mer Se€tion to be applyed. But this is not fo good making of it is thus, Tvke the beft Barly, fteep it | for the Fermentation of Worts, as Te/t is, becaufe in Water four Hours or more, then put it into a| it will fearcely work at all and if it does ir is fo courfe Bag, and beat it with a Mallet or wooden | meanly and weakly that it makes rather a Flat and Peftle till the Husks come off which take away by wafb-| Infipid or dead kind of Liquor, than any thing ing, dry it in the Sun, an Sep it for ufe. ‘Take of | which has brisknef§ and Life: But it may be re+ tius hulled Barly what you pleafe, and boile it in a | newed, by adding a little fower Leavento it, diffolved Sijicient prec fy Water till it breaks, and that | in a little of ftrong or fweet Wort, mixing them well the liquor ws thick like Cream: this liquor is the | together, ad digefting them in a warm place, for fom¢e Prifan, which ought to be moderately liquid. This | “ttle time. — has no Aftrition, nor troubles the Stomach or} XXI. The Balfam. It % made of ftrong Ale, by Bowels, nor fwells or fills them with Wind, for] gently boiling it fo long till it becomes thick like the Windy part is vanifhed by boiling: it clogs not | Chio Turpentine, and will {pread on Leather like a the Breft or Stomach, but by its Lubricity it eafily | Sa/ve, or foft Cerote. This being apply’d warm to digefts and pafles off, and quenches Thirft by its | the Neck or Throat troubled with the KingsEvil, of moiftning quality ; and for thefe properties fake, it | Kernels, or other hard Swellings, gives much eafe ib : Thus Hippocra- | and either difcuffes or refolves them: it is good to tes and Galen. But Diofcorides further adds, T hat | refolve contra&ted Sinews and Tendons, comfort and this Prifan by reafon of its being boiled, yields | ftrengthen weak Nerves and Joints, and is an excel- nore nourifhment than Polenta, is good inft | lent thing for weaknef$ and pain in the Back, and sxulcerations, and to help the hoarfneis and Rough- | to apply it to any part or Member which is hurt by
{praining, falls, blows, or other the like Accidents: XXIP The Meal or Flower. The Ancients of
old, made of it Bread, 2. Kings 4. 42. Jobn 6. 9, ond 13. They made alfo Cakes of it Judges 7. 13: Ezek. 4. 12. And fo they have done almoft in all Nations, and in moft parts of this King- dome, within thefé three or fourfcore years laft pait; they made alfo of it a kind of boiled Bread or Pud- dings; and fried Bread or Pancakes; bat now in our days Wheat being fo plentiful with us, Bary is wholly difufed, unlefs amongft the pooreft of the People. The Turks at this day make a kind of Drink of the Meal or Flower which they call Chauffet : Thus, they take the Meal or Flower which they make into Pafte, and boil it in a great Caldrony after which it # nade into finall balls: thefe balls be- better, then ftrain out for ordinary Drink. ing 4 into the Water, it will prefently boile up of good againft — Colds, HoarfnefS, thortnefS | it /e/f, and grow hot, without the belp of any Ere, of Breath, dif f ing, obftruétions of | and become by working a kind of thick Drink. Iris
, cofti of th of a whitifh Color, thick, of a good ‘guores mes
Ancients: but the Phificians in our Times make it thus, Take huled Barly, commonly called French Barly ; boil it in Water till it be foft. or broken, then beat it in a Mortar, and ftrain it, to which add blanched Almonds, Melon and Citrul Seeds, beaten to a Pulp, and then mixt together. This is their ufual Prifan, or Barly Milk. Ptifan Drink is thus made, Lake hulled Barley, boil it in a firft Water, and then in a fecond Water, but fometbing'lefs than in the former Recipe, ftrain away the Water from the Barly, and to iij. quarts of this Water, add Raifins of the Sun ftoned iv. ounces, Blew Currants ij. ounces, Liquorice bruifedj. ounce, fweet Fennel fee iij.drams, Coriander feeds j. dram and half, Maiden it @ handful; boil again a quarter of an nr or t is
emated, —
-
62
tumes into the Head, and caufes DrankennefS if it is too largely taken; and this kind of Drink, fays Petrus Bellonius, is wfually fold in all the Cities of Afia, in the Tap Houfes appointed for it, and gene- rally with themcalled Chaujt. In the Levant, and other the Eaffern parts of the World Bayly is yet more eaten, and made more into Bread than Wheat, I fappofe becaufe it is more cooling, and preventive cf Fevers; it isalfo cheaper for the poor and ordina- ry fort of People: it nourifhes much lefS than Wheat, but the Grain being Maulted, makes a more excel- ent Drink, clearer, thinner, purer, more ftomatick and Dinuretick.
XXL The Bread. It #% made of the Flower with a proportional quantity of Water and Salt; to every bufbel o sobich Flower, a four Leaven, as big asa Mans fift doubled, or a Pint of Ale Yeft, is added, being diffolved inthe warm Water, with which the Pafte or Dough is made: this being mixed with one fe" of the Flower, is covered with the other, and left in digeftion for an hour or two, that the whole may be Leavened, then the Pafte or Dough is made A mingling all well together, and kneading it with the
a
mds, till it becomes a fig Pafte, which rhen is \ al
Suffered to ly again about half an hour, and then made up into Loaves, which are after baked in an Oven. This Bread is proper to be eaten whileft new, agree- ing then moft with the Stomach, and nourifhing beft. fpply'd to the place where the Pain is, in a Vehe- ead-ach, as foon as it comes out of the Oven, or as hot as the Patient can indure it, it gives prefent café ; and in a few times Application, cures it. XXIV. The Cream, Ir is made of buil’d Barley, - boiled in a firft Water and caft away, then boiled in a fecond Water, till the Grain burfts, and is per- Settly foft : which is then beaten well in a Mortar, and mixed in the Water in which it is boiled, and Strained through a Cheefe,Cloth: then Melon feeds blanched are beatento a Pulp, and mixed with Milk, and firained till all the oily and a part of the feeds are taken forth: This Milk is fweetned with double Refined Sugar, and mixed with the for- mer ftranings of the Barley; fo you have Batl Cream. Some at Eating mix with it a little Damas Rofe Water and Juice of Limons. This ordinarily taken is good spall hot burning Fevers, and fuch as are weak, faint and feeble , labouring under He€ticks, and Confumptions, for it cools preterna- tural heats, and reftores much. Without the Juice of Limons, it is good againft fharpnefS of Urine, and fuch as make a Bloody Water. . XXV. Barley Water. It is made of build Bar- ley, boiled in a firft Water, and that caft away, and then boiled in a fecond Water, balf a pound of Bat-
"Salmons fetal. .<: Wb: T.
mations, expels Wind out of the Bowels, and eafeg Pains of the fides, Stomach, and Spleen. 3. Take Barly Flower xij. ounces, Pouder of Pomgranat peels and Myrtle Berries, of each iij. ounces, Red Wine, a fufficient quantity, mix, and boile to a Confiftency : apply’d to the Belly, it is faid to {top the Loofnefs, or other Fluxes of the Belly. 4. Take Barley Flower xvj. ounces, fharp Wine Vinegar, a fufficient quantity, mix and boile to the thicknefs of a Cata- plafm. \tis good againft Scurff, Dandriff, or Mor- phew in the Head or any other part, being laid on hot, and as Authors fay helps the Leprofy. . 5. Take Barley Flower xvj. ounces, white Salt and Honey, of each iij. ounces, white Wine Vinegar a fufficient uantity, mix and make a Cataplafm. Applytdit is id certainly to cure the Itch. - te
XXVIL The Mixture. Twke Barley Water xij. ounces, Sirup of Corn Poppies if ounces, Tinéture of the fame Flowers made with Spirit of Wine ij. ounces, mix them. Dofe iij ounces twice or thrice a day ; with this I have cured feveral Plurifies. But Tho. Bartholinus, Germ. Ephem. An. 2. obs. 2.Pro- , feffes to cure Vehement Plurifies with Barley Water
one. . XXVIII. The Julep. Take hulled Barley iij. ounces, boil it in a firft Water, which caft away , boil it a- £ain in iij. quarts more of Water, Liquorice bruifed, Strawberry Leaves, Violet Leaves, of each ij. band- fulls, boile till a quart or three pints ts confumed,- then ftrain out, and dulcifie it with iv. ounegs of Sirup of Violets: It provokes Urine, and is very good in Cholerick Fevers. 2. Take hulled Barley Viij. ounces, boil it in Water, which caft away, and boule it again in iij. quarts more of Watter, adding Fennel feeds bruifed, (towards the end of the boil- ing) iij. ounces, boil till the Barley breaks, then ftrain out, and foeesen with white Sugar Candy. It breeds Milk in Nurfes plentifully, cools the heat and fharpnefS of Urine, and helps Piffing Blood, - efpecially if it is caufed by the Application of Veficatories, or Bliftering Plaifters. It is good againft Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, Hoarinefs Afthma’s, €7c.
e-8.. : :
XXIX. The Bath. Take Leaves of Mallows, Violets, Beets, Fumitory, Black Hellebor, of each iij. bandfulls, Batley iv. pownd, boil themin a fuffici- ent quantity of Water for a Bath, till the Barley breaks, the Grain is to be boiled a confiderable time Jirft,and then the Herbs to be put in towards the end ¢ the boiling. It isa very effetual thing againft Soar Morphew, Leprofie, Scabs, Itch, and other break- ings out, being often ufed.
OEXX. The a gg Take Barley Flower if. pounds, Tar j. pound, Wax balf a pound, Oil Olive a
ley to a Gallon of Water, adding alfo an ounce and\ fufficient quantity, mix and boil to the confiftence of
half of burnt Harthhorn, boiling them fo long till the Barly is breaking: then the Water is ftrained from the otber things, and made pleafant with the Fuice of Limons, and double Refined Sugar. This is ufed as ordinary Drink for fuch as are in Burning or Malign Fevers, Heftick Fevers, Confumptions, or any other ways difturbed with heat; it cools, admirably quenches Thirft, and prevails againft Difeafes of the Lungs.
1. Take Barley Flower
XXVI. The Cataplafin.
xij. ounces, Meal of Fleawort feeds ij. ounces, Honey, Oi! of Lillies, of each ij. ounces, Water a Sufficient gh og and boil it to the confiftence of a Pul- i. is apply'd warm cures Tumors under the
, in the Neck and Throat, and other the like laces. 2, Take Barley Meal or Flower, xvj. ounces, ouders of Fanugreek feed, Lin feed and Rue, cach iij. ounces, Homers of Melilot and Camomi chopt Poul of eachij. ounces, boile all in fweet Wine to a thicknefs. This apply’d warm, difcuffes Infla-
a Cerote, or foft Emplafter. It is faid to cure hard Swellings of the Throat and other places called the Kings Evil. Apply’dalfo, it is an admirable thing to cure the Gout.
XXXL The Diftilled Water from the green Barly, and the whole Plant. It is Diftilled in the end of May, and io cool Inflamed Eyes, and for fuch as have Detluxions upon them, .to ftay the Hu- mors, and to eafe the Pain, being often dropped. in- to them; white Bread being alfo dipt therein, and apply’d a them, does the fame.
Kx . The Grains, which ere left after Brew-
Cram if a Bathing-Tab of Barret: be
~> --<-
7
“whence prings forth Stalks 2. or 3. bandfals high,
whileft they are hot, or if cold, heated again as | re/embling Wheat or Batley, Fointed in three or fou. at as ~y poflibly be fuffered; and the Patient fit places, Fu whence comes Tih divers Grafs Scag t cee 0 as to cover thofe parts, that they may | of a pale green colour, and at the top of the Stalks gently iweat, as long as he can well endure it | so or three Heads, Set one above another, which are + Sa Fainting : this I fay, if it is done three or | round and fomwhat long, hard and ftriped, having “in nek or mote if’ need requires it, will both we ards at the endof each, wherem, when Ae e ‘ SA welling and eafe the Pain; alfo_re-| they are ripe and look whitifh, lye 2. or 3..fmall Grains meni € Nerves, Joints, and Limbs, to their priftin | or Seeds a little Smaller (fays Gerard) than Barley : and ftrength. thefe Seeds are wrapped or infolded in aCrefted Film , or Skin, out of which the Awnes come forth; Matthi- olus fays, that as Lolium, or Common Darnel is known to be a Seed degenerate from Wheat, being Sound for the moft part among Wheat: So by his own experimental knowledg, he had found rhat this Eegi- lops or Feftuca, was a Seed or Grain, degenerating from Batley, and is found among Batley, or where Barley has grown. )
C HAP. XLIV. Of Wild BARLEY.
t iff
sit 5 HE Names. It iscalled in Greek, ted éyeta! In Latin, Hordeum agrefte :In Englifh, Wild
Barley. tl. The Kinds. _ There are feveral Kinds thereof,] V. The greater Way Barley, or Wall Barley, Ade 1. Zia x) Zela Movénoxnos, and by Lobel, Bryza Mono-| a Yibrous or Thréady Root, continuing many Tears,
coccus, Wild or Brant Barley, Peters Corn. 2.| from whence /prings up many Grafly Leaves,aud amon, , , them feveral Benty Stalks about 16. of 18. Inches Pi Yh
Aniline, ZEgilops, Feftuca, Degenerate Barley, or avergrafs. 3. Kerb voln Oaxtes (aint i truer, a tra-| at the top of which grows feveral whjtifh yellowy
hendo,guod ariftas ¢ corpore trabat): Hordeum fpuri-| Ears, with fomewhat rough Beards, but much fhorter um, murinum, vel fpontaneum, Riftida; Way Bar-| than thofe of Barley,and fome have fcarcely any Beards ley, Wall Barley, which laft is alfo faid to be greater | at all. The Ear is much more like tbat of Kye than and /effer. Barley, andthe Corn, or Grains which come out of it Ill. The Defcriptions. Zea, or Bryza, has a| are brown Coloured, lank and fmall, in Color and fhape Small Fibrous or Stringy Root, from whence rifes # refembling Rye, fo that it might more properly be Slender and fhort Stalks, but firm, bearing a fmall,| called Wild-Rye, Way-Rye, or Rye-Grafs, rather thin Spiked Ear, ft with Grains or Corn in two rows,| than by any Appellation of Batley, to which in my
one Corn on eac opinion it bas no refemblance. VI. The leffer Way or Wall Barley, % “ike the like unto Barley,with rough Awnes or a Beard, as Bat-| other in its Roots, Leaves, Stalks, Ears and Grains, Jo that many have taken it to be the fame with the former, but in this it differs, that it is much lower, Jo that it fearcely attains to be a Foot high and in- deed it ‘ghee near to the former Barley, or rather Rye-Grafs, that many have taken it to be one and the
ame, as even my felf alfo do. - VIL The Places. “The firft-was anciently fown in Greece, and the Eaftern Countries ; now it is Sown
to be called Monoccocus) has a Root which from a f in fome parts of Germany and France, but with us
Small Head fends forth many Fibres or Strings, from ac
; : 2 64 Salmon’s It is chiefly found in Gardens, tho it grows well and naturally enough here as other Grains do. Ge- rard fays, that he had often times found many Ears of it among our ordinary Bar/ey, when he lived in the farther fide of Lincoln-fhire , and they there called it Brant Barley. The fecond is Sown in ma- ny places of Italy and’ France, as in Provence and Narbone, among their Corn, and grows well in a
- moift Ground, but profpers moft in a more Fruitful dry Soil: Gerard fays, it grows commonly among their Bar/ey in Italy, and other hot Countries, but only with usin Gardens. The third and fourth, by the High-ways, and Path-fides, as alfo on Mud Walls, and at the Foot of other Walls, and Way- fides in Fields , almoft every where through the whole Kingdom. ,
Gy Barly
VI. The Times. the firft is a Summer Corn, and Sown in March and Apri/, and is ripe in the beginning or middle of Azgu/?. The fecond alfo ~is a Summer Grain, aud is ripe towards the latter end of July, or the beginning of Augu/f. The two laft are found coming to ripenefs all the Summer Months.
IX. The Qualities. They are all of them tem-
erate in refpe€t to heat or coldnefs; and dry in the rft Degree. The firft and fecond Attenuate, di-
~
XI: The Infufion in Ale, Beer, or Wine. The Seed Infufed, or Drunk in Pouder in any of thefe Liquors, affefts the Head and Brain much, and caufes DrunkennefS.
XIII. The Decottion in Wine. If it is made with the Addition of dryed Damask Rofes, and drunk from ij. to iv. ounces; asalfo the Mouth and Throat,
Gargled therewith ; it is
ood againft a ftinking Breath, I fuppofe caufed ve fome filthy Ulcer or Ulcers in thofe parts, for that it has a property to heal ge pd XIV. The Syrup. If the whole Herb, Roots, and Seed be bruifed, boiled in Water, ftrained, and made into Syrup with Honey, to viij. ounces, of which if j. of Aloes Succotrina in fine Pouder be ad- ded, you have an excellent Medicine againft foul Ulcers of the Noftrils, by wetting Tents therein, bec porting them up the fame, holding them a pretty while therein, and often repeating it. XV. The Pouder. Mixed with Watter in which
alittle Roch Alum, or Saccharum Saturni has been.
diffolved, and laid upon the Aigi/ops or Fiftula inthe Corner of the Eye; it cures it; it alfo cleanfés, drys up and heals Ulcers in other parts of the body, being 10 ufed, or ftrewed on dry.
XVI. Fhe Fuice. It is mixed with Barley Meal and fo dried: and then upon occafion moiftned with Rofe Water, and apply’d Plaifter wife, it heals (as Gerard fays) the /Egilops, or Fiftula in the Eyes: it alfo foftens and affwages hard Tumors, and fivell- ings in the Joints. Lobe/ fays, this has been often tried to be effeCtual againft the Agilops, for that it has a drying quality without fharpnefs.
XVIL. The Afhes of the Stalks or Straw. Made into a Lixivium with Water, it is good againft the Gout from a flegmatick caufe, by often bathing there with, and to diffolve hard Tumors or Swelli in the Flefh, and difcuf$ Tumors of the Joints.
XVI. The Catapla/m of Way Barley or Rye Grafs. Being made of the Green Ears and Graf$ by beating it in a Morter, and then apply’d to A gnin bald, or where the Hair is wanting, Gerard fays, it caufes it tocome forth and grow again.
CHAP. XLV. Of BARREN-WORT.
I, HE Names. It is called. in the Greek,
"Emutdvoy: In Latin, Epimedium, Epipetron,
Epimenidium: \n Englifh, Barren-wort.
Il. The Kinds. \t feems to be a fingular Plant
eft and cleanfe: and the two laft are aperitive, ab- frerfive, and Vulnerary; and are all appropriated to | of the Kind, without any Species, tho Parkinfon Difeafes of the Joynts. talks of an A/terum fruticofum, &c.
X. The Specification. They have a peculiar pro-| II. The Defcription. It has a Root fmall and perty to cleanfe and dry up Ulcers, and refolve Tu- | reddish, /preading much under ground, in fhaddowy mors in the Joynts. The /Egi/ops is faid to be a| rather than Sunny places, from whence {prings up. Specifick againft the Aigilops or Fiftula in the Cor-| fevera/ hard round Stalks, twenty or twenty four. ner of the Eye. Inches high, each Stalk divided for the moft part into .
XI. The hee, The firft Kind has much | three Branches, and each of them bearing three the Nature and Virtues of Common Barley, and there-| Leaves apjece, which are feveral, fomwhat broad and fore may have moft of thofe Preparations, fo that | round, yet pointed at the ends, bard or dry imfeeling, oe we {hail fay no more of them here. From the | and a little fharply dented about the edges, of a light — fEgilops or Feftuca, you may have, 1. An Infufien\ green Colour on the soper Jide, and whiter under-_ of the Seed in Drink or Wine. 2. A Decottion in| neath: from the middle of fome of the Stalks of .
Wine. 3. A pyrap of the whole Plant. 4. A Pou-| Leaves, fhoots forth with them, from the firft rifing der of the Seed or Grain. 5.0A Fuice. 6. Afhes of | up of them, a fmall long Foot Stalk of Flowers, not
« i — ee a eee
the Stalks. And from the Way Barley or Rye-Gra/s | much higher than the Stalks of Leaves, divided into — 3 Brauches, containing on each of them, three Flowers =
you have, 7. A Catapla/m.
oo —
oo
cen x Pi grows with us in Gardens only, in I an C) ces, where it bri
ee pertenicn where it brings forth fay, that it is without either Flower or Seed.
forth, or firft Year of j : middle of Ay cap 7 fe Looe from Fune till the and well Root
i ny Flowers in April and May.
rately cold nd moift: I i F oe t and _moift: I judge it to be cold and Difcutient, and ap
without any ial property, more than to kee Womens Br from growing over great. 4 y
Chap «kee
IX. The Fuice: Whether it is téken out of thé Roots or Leaves, it is good to cool Inflamations, and is profitable to bath within an Evy/pi/as.
X. Te Pouder. It may be made of the Roots or Leaves, for of either the Virtue is the fame, tho if made of the Root it is thought td be ftronger ; Parkinfon {ays it is reported, that being taken in- wardly for fome time, it makes Women Barren: from whence pei the Name might come.
XL The Cataplafm. The Leaves made into a Pultife, by beating them up with Oil, and applyed to Womens Breafts, keeps them from growing great j and is good to DifcufS a flight Contufion ~
Brees peed into four parts, as if the Flower con- ified but of four Leaves, when as each part bas iwo leaves, one lying clofe upon another, the inner| being yellow, and fmaller than the lower which are red, fo that the red edge appears round about the yellow, making it feem a yellow Flower of four Leaves with red edges, having alfo a few yellow Threads in the middle, fet with green, the under Side of the Flowers being of a yellowifb red Colour, friped with white lines. Gerard fays, the Flower # ut {mall confifting of four Leaves, whofe outfides are purple, the edges of the innerfide red, the. bottom yellow, the yf aa of a. bright red Colour, and the whole Flower fomewhat hollow. The Flower be- 478 paft, Jamal long Pods or Cods appear much like to Saracens Confound, but fhorter, in which is contain: ed flattifh red feed. It is a pretty fhrubby Plant, and its fmell is rather Strong than pleafant,
BarrenWVort, de
_ CHAP. XLVI. ; Of Common BASIL:
lL“ HE Names. It is called by the Arabians}. Bedarog, Berendaros: in Greek, “Ona 3 Banasxdy: in Latin s Ocimum, Bafilicum, Regium + in Englifh, Bafil. bey I. The Kinds. The general Kinds are, 1. Garé den. 2. Wild. The Garden Bafil is, 1. The Com- mon Great , Ocimum Vulgatius. 2: The {mall or Rufh Bafil, Ocimum Vulgare minus. 3. Anifated Bafil, Ocimum Anifatum, of which in this Chapter. 4. Bafil Gentle, or Clove Ba/fil, Ocimum Caryophylla tum. 5. Citron Bafil, Ocimum Citratum, of which in the hext Chapter: 6. Ocimum Ameticanum ma culatum, Spotted American Bajil. di Ocimum Ame- ricanum Crifpum non maculatum, Crifped American Bafil not {potted, of which two in oe 7 48.. The . Wild Bafil is either Stone or Field, of which in their proper Placesin Chap. 49. and 56.
IV. The Places. It grows on the Mountains of Liguria, and in moft Meadows in Italy, about Bono- mia and Vicentia; alfo in Romania; and on the Ex-
Sa eG
WS, TR VAN f Ye , Pe A AN SOF ie NTE ws SSM, wy \G IS NSS SUIT 49 Ap ) SS ay ZZ » Wah, J '
SS
wl) Fo i) SS C= a) WS) 9) Myo OO \ "Ne AS eS Kec 8”, Y Cx SN ail \
n, tho’ Diofcorides and Pliny eae
V. The Times. It Flowers at its firft coming
i er it has taken faft hold, it felf in the Earth, a Year before,
; eke =~
@ Qualities. Galen affirms it to be mode-
in the firft Degree oy - — and ppropriated to the Joints. VII. The §; a Parkinfjon fays, it is
VU. The Preparations,
Ill. The Deferiptions. The Common Great Bs fil, hee a Threaddy and ie Rect cebich ferifes
I | bea ie te a
at the firft approach of Winter, and therefore #s to
own a new every Year if you will have it, from
be ate rifes up ufually but one upright Stalk nearly
a foot high, varioufly branching forth it felf on all Sides, whereon, at every Foint, are fet two Leaves, broad, thick, and fat, a little pointed, of a pleafant Sweet fmell, of a frefh green Colour, and a little Snipt about the edges; of which fome one bere and there, are of a black reddifh hue: towards the up- xt part of the Stalk and Branches come forth a num- er of {mall whitifh Flowers, which many times tend to a dark purple, with two fmall Leaves at the Foint, in fomegplaces green, in others brown; after the Flowers come {mall black Seed. A wet ; IV. The Small Buth Bafil, bas a Fibrous perifbing Root much like the former, from, whence rifes up Small tender Stalks, which grow not fo bigh as the Sormer, but is thicker fpread with Branches, and Smaller Leaves thereon, and fet clofer together, thefe Leavesare little, ifs than thofe of Pennyroyal, and the whole Plant is low, and fine or fmall, growing into a kind of diminutive Buth, whence the Name of Buth Bafil, and # of a more flealing Sweet fent than the former by much: the Howers are fmall and white and the Seed black like the other, when it yields Seed with us, which is more feldom, it not often td ripe Seed bere, becaufe it neither Springs, Flowers, nor Seeds fo early as the others. Parkinfon adds another middle Kind fomething larger than this both in the height of the Buth, and magnitude of the Leaves , but not otherwife cering which to me Seems to be one and the fame Herb, but differing ac- cording ta the sere bell, the Soil,
V. The Anifated Is truely of the felf fame Kind with our ordinary Garden Balt ts te Li Wi
Size between the Common Great and Bufh and differs nothing in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, nor Seed, but a little in the magnitude, and _fome- ebing in the fmell, which is like the fmell of Ani- eeds.
_ Common-Bafil Anifata.*
A ~Ax~V< -
\f > alii ins
BU, “SATU Ree
wy, A SN OR S| ISN=>=
VI. The Places. Whence thefe Herbs firft came, is anknown to us, burvin Italy, France, Spain and England, they are only nourifhed up in Gardens.
almon’s Herbal.
Lib. I.
_ VEL. The Times. tas ¢
Summer as in Fune Fuly, dy little and little, whereby they are long a Flowering, beginning at the i fit, and fo Flowering as ’twere down- war ;
VIL The Qualities. They are hot and moift in the fecond Degree: They incide, attenuate, open, difcufS, refolve, concoét, digeft, and are carmina- tive and anodyn; being ick, Neurotick, Sto- matick, Pe€toral, Cardiack , Pye and Ute- rine: alfo Emmenagogick, and Alexipharmick.
IX. The Specification. Schroder fays, it is a pe- culiar thing to cleanfe the Lungs, and provoke the Courfes in Women.
X. The Prepartions. The Shops make ufeé of, 1. The Leaves. 2. The Seed. 3. And Diftilthere- from a Water... But you may farther prepare, 4 A Juice. 5. An Effence. 6. A Spirituous Tintture.
- A Saline Tintture. 8. An Oily Tiniture. 9. A
ecoltion. im Wine.. 10. A Syrup. 11. Am Oil. 13. ACataplafm. .
The Virtues.
XI. The Leaves. Their fmell comforts the Brain (whatever fome Authors fay to the coment and were eaten in Ga/en’s time (I fuppofé as a Sallet,) bein coretted with Oil and Vinegar. Some Authors wi have it that they dry up Milk in Womens Breafts, which in my opinion is againft their proper Nature, being hot moift, and therefore more apt to breed Milk.
XII, The Seed. Being made into a fine Pouder,
it may be given from half a dram to j. dram, in ine, againit the Palpitation or Trembli
Heart, to cheer and comfort the
Melancholly, or fadnefs of Mind: It is good alfo
XII. The DiftilledWater from the stele Plant. Ic is good to clear the Eye-fight, and to he ufedasa Vehicle for the other
are troubled with or eps eof theit Tertis.
XV. The Effence. It much exceeds the Fuice for Inward ufes, being cotre€ted, and made more Pure or fine, as being freed from its grof$ and fxculent parts. . It has the Virtues of the Fuice, befides which it is an excellent Stomatick, Cardiack, and Pe&to- tal, sente = Lungs from the Tartarous Matter which obftruéts them, and ca thereby 2 free refpiration, and therefore is profitable againft Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, and other like Diftempers of the Lungs. Dofe from j. ounce to ij. ounces in Wine, or Syrup, or fome other Pe€toral Vehicle, morning and evening.
XVL The Spirituous Tinflure. Tt is Stomatick and Cardiack, refifts Poifon, and is good againft the
, ftinging of Scorpions, or bitings of other Venomous heafis: ; a
prevails againft F; and Swooning Fi be yer Heart, and is good for fuch as ae uot wi Se op ‘ and A i
other Cold Difeafes of the Head, Bete onal Nexen Dofe Neon or more, in the Diftilled Water.
XVII. The Saline Tinfure. Tt ispowerful againft Difeafes of the Reins, opening their une al uctions, and removing the Tartarous and Vifeous Matter w a them. It provokes Urine, expels Sand, Gra- vel, Slime and Stones out of the Reins and Paflages, It provokes the Terms in Women, and
Flower in the heat of
Chap. ae
cilitates the Delivery of fuch as are in Labor, bring-
to iij. dramsina Glafs of White Wine. It is good againft the Stinging of Scorpions, and Hornéts, biting of mad Dogsand other Vemaiets Creatures, as alfo againft the Baeatice and Dropfie, carrying 0 the Morbifick Caufe.by Urine.
XVIII. The Oily Tindure. It is fingular againft the Stone, Sand, Gravel, obftructions of Urine, as
alfo the Yellow Jaundice, Coughs, Colds, Hoarf- |.
nefs, and the like, being taken in the Syrup of the fame Herb, from iv. to xij. or xvj. drops: it prevails alfo againft Palfies, Convulfions,. Lethargies, Apo- plexies, €7c. and outwardly anointed it is good a- gainft the bitings of mad Dogs, and Pricks, Punétures, or Wounds of the Nerves.
XIX. The Decottion inWine. Given from iv. to vi ounces, it is good againft Poyfon, the ftinging and biting of Venomous Creatures, Faintings, Swoon-
ings, fits of the Mother ; provokes the Terms, ex-
. : Pe both Birth, and After-birth, as alfo Sand and ‘
, vel ftom the Reins and Bladder, and is good |
againft all cold Difeafes of the Head, Brain, Nerves, Womb, and Bowels. —"*
XX. The Syrup of the Fuice. It is an admirable Pettoral, good againft Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s,. fhortnefS$ of Breath, Hoarfnefs, €c. caufing ex-
eCtoration, and making the Breft and Lungs eafy.
fe ij. ounces either alone, or mixt with A/icant, } Tent, or Malaga. ye 7
. XXI. The Oi. It is made by Boiling the Fuice
or Bruifed Herb with Oil of Mirtles or Rofes and Vi-
i negar. Being anointed with, it prevails opin
4 Pains of the Head and Nerves, Lethargies,» Palfies |
and other cold Difeafes of thofé Parts, and eafes
pains of the ears being dropt into them. XXIL. The Catapla/m. It is Difcuffive and Refo- lutive, good againft the beginnings of Phlegmons,
or In tions in any f en of the Body : it is alfo ; good to take away black and blew {pots of the Skin, difcufs Contufions, and eafé pain pfoceeding from | any cold Caufe. ; C H A P. XLVIL nt
Of Citron and Clove BASIL.
zt HE Names. The firft of thefe is called in
. Greek, *Oxsuov “eres * in Latin, Ocimum, vel Bafilicum alterum, Ocimum Citratum : in Englifh, Citron Bafil. . he
II. The fecond of thefé is called, “oxsov 4 Banas xiv puresrers ¢ in-Latin, Ocimum vel Bafilicum Caryo- phyllatum : and in Englifh, Clove Bafil, or Ba/fil Gentle. a. :
Ill. The Kinds. The firft or Citron Ba/il, is the Greateft Bafil, and is fingular. The Clove Ba/il is, 1..Ocimum Caryophyllatum majus, the Greater Clove _ Bafil. 2 Ocimum vel Bafilicum caryophyllatum mi- } nus, the Leffer Clove Bafil.
AV. The Defcriptions. Citron Bafil: It has a pret- ty thick Root, with many Strings, which perifhes af- ter Seeding time, or upon the approach of Winter from whence grows up one upright Stalk, fpreading it felf into many Branches, not much unlike to the ‘Common Garden Kind, with Leaves fet by couples at the Foints, but much larger, and of a reddifh Co- lour in the hotter Countries, but not fo in our colder, alittle dented about the edges, of a very pleafing Smell, much refembling. that of aGitron Peel, and therefore called Citratum , the Howers are White,
@ :
wt
Engl Berks
like thofe of the ordinary Common Bajil, and the Sced ing away both Birth and After-birth. Dofe from J. | Black alfo, like thofe of the former. ,
AWA 2 SW INVES WA ANN ENE I SUL OIE STAN BARS NN ONAN NG IE A LV ANGE TS VAS AW
V. The Greater Clove Bafil : Its Root 2s [ike the. former, and perifhes in like manne. the Great Kind of Bafils, and not former, either in flalks, branches, growing, or large- nefs of the Leaves, or colour of the Flowers. exce that fometimes they are a little , Smell of the whole Plant, it quicker® Scent, much’ like the fmel,
which reafon it is called Caryophyllatum:
Baril larges |
A ee!
Wh
UR YAN \ NSN SAIS Mo: <
= VES 7 SN WE a) “eer SN ~ 7 ==) Aas 7 , << iy Fe = BA OREN r, A Ve te RW A IENNISN |
Cah“ 2 Aw 4S le W/Z S WAZA iS
of
7 ‘-love reenter
A ww S777), SLOP
7, being one of differing from the
purplifh ; but in thé has a amet and q Cloves, for
ie
f
eer
* one Upright Stalk, which admirably fpreads it Self toa Pal and not very much unlike Mother of Time,
- Artenuating, Opening, Digeftive, Refolutive ; Car-
63 Salmons Herbal. — Lib. I.
Vi. The Leifer Clove Bafil : It bar a pretty long,
woody Root with many Fibres thereat, from whence rifes The Virtues.
XII. All thefe Plants have the fame Virtues with thofe in the former Chapter, and therefore the Pre- parations have the fame, for which, and their par- ticular Ufes we fhall refer you thither.
forth in’ Arms and Branches, looking very much like
both in the form of its growing, and the fhape and magnitude of its Leaves, which grow more difper- Sedly upon the Branches , the Flowers grow at the Tops of the Branches, after the manner of thofe of Bafil, of a White Colour, but bending fomewhat more backwards. ‘The fmeil is the ftronge/t and moft fra- grant of all the Bafils, and fmells perfeltly like Cloves, from whence it is alfo called Chreth latum, and ibis is the true Bafil Gentle. Ax Exatt Figure here- of you bave in Dalechampius Hift. Plantarum, lib. 5. cap. 5. fig. 5. pag. 68T.
€HAP XLVHEL Of American BASIL.
I. A} HE Names. This was wholly unknown to
the Greeks, and therefore can have no Ori-
inal Greek Name, but confidering it is an Indian
Plant, may well enough be called, “Oxssov x} Baorasniv
ivdxey : in Latin, Ocimum Americanum vel Indicum >
ye by Camerarius, Bafilicum Hifpanicum : in Eng- ifh, American Ba/fil.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Ocimum Ame- ricanum maculatum leve, {mooth, {potted Ameri- can Bafil. 2. Ocimum Americanum crifpum nom ma- culatum, ctifped American Bafil, not {potted.
VIL Fhe Places. They grow in the Eaftern Re- gions, and hot Countries, where they are: more odoriférous, than in our Northern Climes : but now they grow in all the Northern Nations in Gardens, where they flourifh well, and yield their Seed in perfeftion, but their fragrant Scent is not altogether |
fo fone,
VIII. The Times. They Flower gradually during the hotteft Summer Months, as all Zune, Fuly, and fome part of Axguft, Flowering at the Top firft , and then is gradually Ripe not long after.
IX. The Qualities. Thefe are hot in the fecond Degree, and moift in the firft Degree : Inciding,
III. The Deferiptions. The fmooth fpotted Ame- rican Bafil, bas a Root like thofe in the former Chap- ters, which perifhes after Seeding time Phe whence rifes up a four fouare reddifh green Stalk, a Foot high, or better, rae the Fornts whereof fpread out many Branches, with broad fat Leaves fs thereon, two always at a Foint, ont againft another, as the Bafils have, but fomewhat a cut in on the edges, | and Fragen: a little crumpled, flanding upon tong
i~h Koot-ftalks, of a derk purple ater Spotted with deeper ere fond in _fome greater, in others
minative and Anodyn. And appropriated to the Head, Nerves, Stomach, Breft, Lungs, Heart, Reins and Womb : they are alfo Emmenagogick, and re- fift Poifon.
X. The Specification. They comfort the Nerves, prevail againft Palfies, cleanfe the Lungs of Tartar- ous Matter, and provoke the Terms.
XI. The Preparations. You’ may prepare there- from, 1, A Pouder from the Seed. 2 A Diftilled Water from the whole Plant. 3..A Fuice. 4. An Effence. 5. A Spirituous Tinfure. 6. A Saline Tindure. 7. An Oily Tinfture. . A Decotfion in| Wine. 9. A Syrup. 10. AnQOil, 11,4 Cataplafm.
lefs , the Flowers fiand at the ‘Top of the Stalks,
| Spike-fafbion, of aWhite Colowr, with Reddifh Stripe
| and Veins running through them ; fet or zr
errr
=
wer =
ae
. and perfeltly refembling the former.
tive of our own Counttey.
Chap. 48 igh Herbs.
Chap. 40. Eaglifb Herbs. 69 dark purple coloured Husks : ‘The Seed is greater and rounder than any of the former Kinds, and Somewhat long withal : the whole Plant fmells firong like to the common or ordinary Bafil'dnd Campbire put together.
IV. The Crifped or Curled American Bafil, not
fpotted : It has a Root like the foregoing, being a degenerate of the other kind, rifen ( as Parkinfon Suppofes ) from the Seed of the former Plant, ga- thered in thefe colder Countries ; and a indeed of the Kirtd of the American fpotted Bafil, having like Stalks, and fuch like large Leaves, cut fomewhat deeply in on the edges, and curled or crumpled, as they alfo fometimes are, togethér with fwelling bun- ches hike Bladders in them, but wholly of a green co- lour, and without any fpots, or {pot upon them : the Flowers hereof are all white, and without any fpots a the other bas : the fmell hereof # very firong,
CHAP. XLIx.
Of Stone BASIL
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, “Arw@ . % “AxoyG-: in Latin, Acinus and’ Acinos by Lobel and Dalechampiis : Clinopodium Vulgare, ty Matthiolus : Clinopodium majus, by Camerarius : Botanica Pauli, by Guilandinus : Pulegium monta: | num, by Lonicerus , Polycnemon, by Gefner ; and Chinopodium Origano fimile, by Babin : in Englifh; Stone Bafil, and Great Wild Bafil.
Il. The Kinds. This 4s properly the firft and chiefeft of the Wild Ba/i/s ; and is twofold. 1. Aci: nus major, the greater Stone Bafil. 2. Acinus mix nor, the leffer Stone Bafil. j
. The Places. “They Originally grew in America, from whence they were brought into Spain, and from thence to us, being nourifhed up in our Gar- dens ; the latter of which feems now to be a Na-
of Stone ater. Rug. ne Bafil Greater
=e
VI The Times. They Flower gradually in Fune and July, as the others do; and their Seed is ripe
in Ayguft.
Qualities. They aré hot in the fecond Degree, and moift in the firft ; highly Cephalick, Neurotick, Cardiack and Hyfterick ; they Attenu- ate, Open, Refolve, DifcufS ,; are Garminative, Ano- dine, Alexi hammnick, and Emmenagogick.
VUL. The Hef gene I have found them pe- culiar againft Palfies, and Pains and Aches proceed- ing from a cold Caufe.
{X. The Preparations. You have, 1. A Pouder jrom the Seed. 2. A Diftilled Water. Ps A Fuice. 4. An Effence. 5. A Spirituous Tintlure. 6. A Saline Tinfure. 7. An Oily Tinture. 8. A De- cottion. 9. A Syrup. to. Am Oil. 11. A Cata- plafm : the Virtues and Ufes of which, are the fame with the fame Preparations in Chap. 46. Sef. 12. to Seéf. 22. aforegoing. 12. A Diftilled Or/. 33. The
Powers.
"
The Virtues.
X. The Diftilled Oil. It cures Head-aches, Me- grims, Lethargies, Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Palfies, Convulfions,. Tremblings, and weaknefS of the Nerves, Obftruftions of the Womb, Reins and Bladder, Punétures and Wounds of the Nerves, and all forts of Pains, Aches, Sciatica, and Lamenef§ from a cold Canfe, being taken inwardly from iv. drops to xij. in fome proper Vehicle ; and outward- ly anointing the part affected therewith. It expels
ind, and cures the Colick.
_ XI. The Poteftates or Powers. They have all the former Virtues, but penetrate more, as being more Subtil or Volatile : They provoke the Terms in Women, eafe Pains and Stitches in the Side, are good againft Fits of the Mother, and Vapors, chear the Heart, revive the Spirits, refift Poifon, and re- move Melancholly, ftrengthening the Stomach, and all the ap Dofe from j. dram to ij. dams, 4 a of Wine, or fome other proper Ve- e
Hil. The Deferiptions. The Greater Stone By: fil hae a bufhy Root, of many Strings Set together at, and depénding aoe one Head, which fhoor forth Sockets round about : from this Root fprings forth feveral bard, four fouare, bairy or hoary Stalks, a foot, or foot and half high, or more, fet with two hairy green Leaves at each Foint, being covered alfa as the Stalks are with a bairy Down, fomewbat larger than any of the other Wild Bafils, coming | near unto the bigne/s and fafhion of the Leaves, of Origanum : she Flowers grow in Rundles, or round | the Stalk, in greater plenty than in the Wild Bafils o the following Chapter, and of a purplifh colour, ut fometimes white, the Husks of which are fome what larger attd rougher.
IV. The Leffer Stone Bafil, bas like Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers and Husks, and differs not any thing from the former, fave that the Stalks are lower, he Leaves leffer, and the Husks of the Flowers /maller y in a word, it is of the fame Kind, but the whole
Plant #s every way sefs. V. The
Salmon’s
7O
V. The Places. Gerard fays they grow plenti-
Parkin- Jon fays, they are found fometimes in Corn Fields
fully in Autuma, almoft by every Hedge :
in Exgland, but more often in open Woods and
Copfes which have been filled, and that almoft
through all our Countrey ; more efpecially if they are {tony places.
VI. The Times. They Flower in the latter end of May, all Fume and Fuly, and the Seed is gra-. fe in the
firft Degree : Difcuffive, Aftringent, and Vulnerary ;
dually ripe in Fu/y and Augu/t. VIL. The Qualities. They are hot and
amd dedicated to the Womb.
VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar for ftopping Fluxes, and the Terms in Women ; more
efpecially for Fluxes of Blood.
IX. The Preparations. 1. A Fuice. 2 An Effence. 3. A Spirituous Tin- Gure. 4. An Oily Tintture. 5. A Decottion. 6. A Balfam. 7. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
X. The Fuice. Given from j. ounce to ij. ounces, it {trengthens the Stomach and Bowels ; and bath- ed upon an Inflamation it affwages it.
.. The Effence. This is more Stomatiek than
the former, and given inwardly, ftops all forts of
Fluxes, whether of Humors or Blood, as alfo the
Terms in Women. Dofe’ from j. to iij. ounces, in
fome proper Vehicle. XII. The Spirituous Tinflure. This has all the Virtues of the former, and is good to take inward-
ly, to heal Wounds and Ulcers, from j. dram to half
an ounce, in a Decoétion of the fame Herb ; ’tis an excellent Vulnerary.
XIII. The Oily TinGure. It is good againft Pains and Aches from‘a cold and moift Caufe, gives eafe in the Gout, and heals Wounds, Punttures, or. other hurts of the Nerves, by anointing therewith Morn- ing and Evening. aN
XIV. The Decoltion in Wine. By fomenting there- with, it Difcufles hot Tumors and Inflamations ; ufed as an Inje&tion into foul, foetid, and hollow Ulcers, it cleanfes them : and daily drunk from iv. to viij. ourices, it ftops the overflowing of the
Terms in Women, the Bloody Flux, and other
Fluxes of the Belly.
XV. The Balfam. It is an excellent Vulnerary, cures Wounds by the firft intention ; and digefts and cleanfes, old, foul, rotten, and filthy Ulcers with
reat facility, after which it incarnates, or fills the
Icer with Flefh, and red heals it up.
XVI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Herb chopt fmall, beaten iri a Mortar, and boiled in Milk, and brought to the thicknefS of a Pultife, with Yolks of Eggs, and Crumbs of Bread. It is Difcuffive, Refolutive, and Anodine, and of fingular good ufe to be applied to a recent Contufion, or a Gout from a cold Caufe.
CHAP. L. Of Wild BASIL.
LL” HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kasvontdby ( quafi Le&tipes, Bedsfoot Flower, becaufe
they refemble the Beds feet: ) in Latin, Ocimum Sylvefire, Bafilicon Agrefte, Clinopodium : and in Englifh, Wild, or Field Bafil, Beds-foot Eower. Il. The Kinds. There are three feveral Kinds hereof, 1. ClinopodiumVulgare, Clinopodium minus, ( becaufe lef$ than the Stone Bafil. ) Ocimum Sylve-
You have from them,
Herbal. Lib. I.
fire, by Lobel and Clufius ; Acinos and Ocimajirum, by Fuchfius and Dodoneus , Clinopodium, by Anguitl- lara and Turner ; Clinopodium majus, by Camerari- us 5 Pulegium Petreum, by Gefner , Clinopodium Alterum, and Pfeudo-Clinopodium, by Matthiolus , Ciinopodium Arvenfe Ocimi facie, by Baubinus 5 and Bafilicum Tertium, by Tragus ,; in Englifh, Field Bafil ; but the People call this. as well as the next following, where they grow, Hor/e Time, and Po- ley-mountain. 2. Acinos ‘Anglica Clufij, ( which is thought to be, by C/ufius, the true Acinos of Diof- .. corides ;) Clinopodium Ocimi pee alterum Of Baur binus ; our Englifh Wild Bafil the-leffer. 3. Aci- nos odoratifimum, Latifolia Columne, Broad Leav'd fweet Scented Wild Bafil.
, na N a) > | \ )) \\)
yy \\
_the Greater.
III. The Defcriptions. The firft bas a Woody Fr brous Root, full of hairy Threads, creeping along the Ground, and f{pringing up Yearly of it felf without - Sowing ; from whence rifes up feveral fquare Stalks, © about fix or eight Inches bigh, with two fmall Leaves Set at every Foint, being fomewhat like Wild Mar- joram, or the fine. bufh Bafil, a little dented about the edges, but not much, and fome Leaves not at all dented ; and in fome Plants and Places a little rough and hairy, and in others, lefs, or not at all: the Flowers grow at {paces with the Leaves, like as Horehound does, fianding in green rough Cups, which are of a purplifh Colour, and parted, as it were, into four equal fhort pieces at the end, like to the four Square foot of a Bed-ftead, and open with Several
caves like other hooded Hlowers ; the Cups of the Flowers have not every one of ihem a jingle Foot- Stalk, but many fiand together upon the Jame Pedicle or Stem; after which comes {mail round reddifh Seeds growing three or four together in {mall fwollen Husks. ‘The whole Plant, has fome Jmall beat, but more drynefs in the Tafte thereof, and feeet or odo- riferous in Smell between Bafil and Calamint.
IV. The fecond Kind has alfo a Bufhy, Fibrous Root, which perifhes every Year, from whence rifes up feveral flender four Jquare Branches or Stalks,
Jeven or eight Inches bigh, lying on the Ground, om f di which
Cr Le
Chap. 50. which grow divers fitall grayifh green Le two always fer together at a Fin, re, poubling web the former, or thofe of the Stone , but fmdller, Srorter, and fuller of Fuice, not dented about the edges at all, and almoft like to Mother of Time, or the fmaller Garden Bafil, calléd Bafil Gentle, having | an excellent fweet Scent, but not Heady : from the middle of the Branches up to the Tops, grow the Kowers in Runiles or Spaces about the Stalks, be- * very like to the former juft now deferibed, but of amore blémifh ie colour, with a White Eye, or Circle in every Flower, which being paft, there comer thie or for, fall Seeds, like the firft in the | Husks where the Flowers flood, which fill and rife again every Year of their own Sowing, |
ord in Norfolk, and in divers other Dry, Sand
{inte Grounts. The fecond grows Wind it ken in divers places, where Clufius fays he found it, ali fo in feveral other parts of England; Gerard fays
VIL. The Times: The two firl Flower in Fane and Fuly ere and their Seed is ripe in Fu/y and ee Se * Auguft ; The thitd Flowers in Fuly and Auguft. V. The, third prog! has. a bufhy. Root with many | and its feed is ripe in Auguft and September, ‘ Fibrous Strings like the former, from whence fee VIL The Qualities. They are all of a nature, hot up four, five,ar more, four fquare bard Woody Stalks, | and dry in the end of the fecond, or beginning of the vided. into many Branches, covered with a foft white | third Degtee : they are alfo, Artenuating, Inciding, batrynefs, ra fo long, or longer, mot growing up- opening Carminatiye, Difcuffive, Refolutive, Vulne# right wt trailing in fome meafure upon the Ground : | rary and Anodine ; Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, aves grow upon short Foot-ftalks Pemples, Cardiack, Hyfterick, and Arthritick , and powerful he light green colour, fomewbat like the Leaves of | Alexipharmicks and Emmenagogicks.
safil, or rather Bawm, about three quarters of an| X. The Specification. The Field Bafil has beer Inch broad, and not fully an Inch long, a little fharp | experimented againft Convulfions, Cramps, and pointed, and lightly notched about the edges, covered| Neurotick Diftempers. Acizos or Enghfh Wild alfo with a hght foft phy of a very fweet | Bafil is approved for Stopping Fluxes : and the ‘mell, not much inferiour to Gatden Marjoram, of | Broad Leav’d fweet Scented Wild Bafil is good to
a hot biting Tafte : out of their Bofoms grow other | facilitate the delivery. : fmaller Leaves, or elfe Branches : the Flowers alfo| Xs The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing: of theni ; but you may prepare, 1. dz lofpifjse
ft an
row ont of the Bofoms of the Leaves, towards the Ire y - ; Fuice of the Acinos. 2. A Spirit from the jot 7 ly Tin-
ops of the Stalks and Branches, not in Whorls or ( Spirituous Tintture. 4 An Oi
,, like. Acin Stone Bafil, but having one| third. 3. A fay ee 3 peti Ay Gure. s A Saline Finiure. 6. A Balfam or Oil
ttle fhort i Sei on which is placed three, four, Howars, gaping open, and es in- | of the firft. unequal parts at the top, like the Flowers of The Virtues
XL. An Infpiffate Fuice of the Acinos. Being giz ven to a fact ed Wine, it ftops all forts of
Fluxes of the Belly, and Fluxes of the eer a bed
ance, Cordus calls it Cucumis puniceus : Gefner, Balfamina pomifera : Lobel, Balfamina Cucumerina punicea : Some, Pomum Hierofolymitanum : and we in Englifh, the Male Balfam Apple. It is thought by fome to be that which P/imy {peaks of, “ib. 20, cap. 3. which the Greeks call Cucurbita Somphos ; but this is difputable. Il. The Kinds. Of the Balfamina there are three principal kinds. 1. Ba//amina Mas, whichis that we treat of in this Chapter, and is called by all the names aforegoing : as alfo Ba//amina by Matthiolus : Balfamina prima by Fuchfius and Anguila : Charan- tia by Dodoneus and Lonicerus: Balfamina Mas by Gerard and Parkinfon : Momordica by Caftor : Mo- ‘ mordica fruttu luteo ore og in to Eyft, ‘ 2. Balfamina femina, of which in the next Chap- Stoppage of Urine: outwardly anointed upon pla- | ter. 3. Balfamina lutea, five noli me Tangere, which ces pained from any Cold Caufé, it eafes the Pain, | is called Herba Impatiens , in .Englifh, Codded Ar- warms and comforts the Part, and reftores it to its | /marr. - - RRS . due a ty <a , Ill. The Defeription. It as aRoot which is fmall XV. The Saline Tinfure. Tt ObftruStions oe Srna. creeping a giod way withih the Earth: of the Vifcera, and being made of the third Kind, it | *_/prings up with divers spade reeee Stalks and , i | Branches, fhooting forth many clefping tendrels, in | muchilike to a Vine, by which it takes bold of any Pole, Twig, or other thing which ftands near it ; but coithour any Such Supporters, it les a the ground, not —— to fupport it felf, for which reafon it is
ditfolvel, and mixed with Lard into an Ointment it d fcutles hot Tumors.
X11. The Spirit from the firft_ and third. It is fin- gular good againft Convulfion-fits, Megrim, Ver- tigo, Lethatgy, and other cold and moift Difeafes ot the Head, Brain, Nerves, 4nd Womb: outward- ly bathed upon places troubled with the Cramp, it eg them. Dofé fiom j. dram to ij. in Wine cr
é. XIII. The Spirituous Tinfure. \f made of the firft or third, it watms, comforts, and ftrengthens the Stomach, caufes.a good Appetite, and is good againft the ficknefS'thereof Dofé ij. drams, more. bh on Moma or Poffet-Drink. V. The Oily Tinfture. Taken to half a dram in any fit Vehicle, it prevails againft the Stone and
Wine. : XVI. The Balfam or Oil of ‘the firft. It is food againft Convulfions, Cramps, are, Strangury,
Stinging and Bitings of Venomous Beafts, and other | reckoned among the number of the Climers, or a kin Difeafes of lke kind, being anointed upon the Part |'of Cucumer, in refpett to the Flowers and Fruit. afflitted, Motnipg and Evening. The Leaves grow from’ the Stalks, and ftand upon oo a Foot-(talks, being cut in on the edges, into feveral
divifions, like‘to a Vine leaf, “or thofe of white Brio-
- ny, but mich fmaller, tenderer, and° more divided.
CHAP LE The flowers are yellowifh, like to thofe of the Cue
cumer, coming forth in the fame manner at the Foints with the Leaves : after which comes the Fruit which is fomewbat long and round, pointed at bot ends, and bunched on the out fide in rows, the skin it felf being {mooth and very red, almoft black when the Fruit # ripe, which bas a reddifh Pulp within: The Seed 1s mahifold, rough, hard, flat, and reddifh, but when dry, of a grayifb black colour, fomething like unto Citrul, or Water Melon Seeds, both for the form and largenefs.
IV. The Places. It is nurfed up with us in Gar- dens, but the Seed came originally to us from Italy, and we yet generally make ufe of the Ita/ian Seed.
V. The Time. It flowers late with us, and the whole Herb withers before the Fruit comes to ripe- nefS ; it being a tender Plant, and fo not able to en- . ae ‘| dure our eatly cold Nights, for which reafon we have no ripe Seed here. . ‘ | ~ VI. The Qualities. Tt is almoft cold in the firft
and dry in the fecond : It is Pe€toral, Pul- monick, and Vulnerary, and purely an alterative.
VII. The Specification. It is a Specifick for the Curing of Wounds and Ulcers.
VIII. The Preparations. 1. A Pouder of the Leaves. 2. A Decottion of the Plant. 3. The In- Spiffate Fuice. 4. A Spirituous Tintture. 5. An Oleaginous Tinflure. 6. An Oil by Infufion in Oil Olwe. 7. The Balfam. :
The Virtues.
' IX. The Pouder of the Leaves. Given to j. dtam- “
Motning and Evening in Red Port Wine, it is faid
to be good againft or or BurftennefS ; and
applied, it heals Wounds. : . . 4 The Decottion in Wine, or Wine and Water.
Being anit es ae ooh —— tS re
L, HE Names. It was unknown to the Greeks ; | the Colick, helps the Gripings of the Dowels, 4 The Latins call it Balfamina, which name | {tops inward fluxes of the Bl whether from the
jt took fiom its fanative or healing properties. | Stomach or Bowels che Riling of seat bl :
BALSAM-APPLE Male.
TB ALSAMINE MAS. res Balramme Me
Some call it Viticella, fom its Vine-like appeat- | and what fome call
Chap. 52. Enghfo Herbs. eg 3 a
XI. The Infpiffare Fuice. Diflolved in a mix-| by F Bauhin, Noli me tangere : b Tras are ie ss aa boc bey itis a mi gree thing acca a altera : by Pode lepaii ten
° w and {top inwar i a: lumna, * ita all and to reprefs the Fits of the Mochen Injected op . ee ete oe
the Womb two or three times a day, it ftops the .
overflowing of the Terms, and the Whites in Wo-
men. If it be reduced to pouder, and drank to one
dram in Red Port Wine it heals inward Wounds, and outwardly being ftrewed upon any frefh green
Wound, it heals it.
XIL. The Spiritous Tindure. It heals inward Wounds, and gives eafe in the Colick ; and is found to be of excellent ufe in fainting and {wooning Fits. _ from j. dram to ij. drams in any proper Ve-
Icie. ° ‘
XII. The Oleaginous Tinffure. Given to j. dram, it opens obftruftions of the Womb, and is good a- gainft Fits of the Mother. It alfo eafés vehement
7 pains in the Back and Reins, being given in a pro- per Vehicle twice a day.
XIV. The Oi! by Infufion in Oil Olive. It isa tnoft fingular Vulnerary, not only for all forts of external Wounds, but for inward Wounds alfo, be- ing drunk ( in fome proper Vehicle) from ij, drams to four, twice or thrice a day. And as for all forts of outward Wounds which are green or frefl, it drys them, confolidates their Lips, and heals them. It alfo drys up the moifture of inveterate or old Ulcers, which hinders them from healing, and dif-
fes them to a{peedy cure. Being applied with
int, it is good againft the Piles or Hemorthoids , and being applied hot, it is effectual againft Pun- @tures of the Nerves. Some Authors fay, that dn- ointed on the Bellies of Women which are Barren, it caufés them to be fruitful. It alfo cures burn- ings with Fire, or fcaldings with Water, and cafés the ftinging of Bees, Waips, Hornets, ee. _and be- ing anointed on the Marks, Scars, or blemifhes of
ounds ; it ‘takes them away, or much’ abates
RPP Pn
un Sa — Fe = — = g BNS
=: ages
Ill. The Defcription. The Female Balni : does much differ from the former : It bas a Bare perfed into manifold Arms, from whence proceeds many fae past Spreading under the Earth : Thé Stalks arife from the main ftock of the Root, which are thick, fat, full of Fuice, in fubfance like thé talks of Purflane, of a reddifh colour,and fomewhat Shining. "The Leaves are long and narrow, much like thofe of the Willow or Peach bree, a little toothed about the edges : among which come forth the Elow- ers, of an incarnate colour,tending to blewnefs, with a little tail or Spur annexed thereto, like to PF A heels, of a faint, light crimfon colour, Thefe being gone, there comes up in their places the Fruit, oP Apples, rough and bairy, round, and Sharp at thé point, and leffer than thofe of the Male, at fir/t green. but afterwards yellowifh when ripe; the which o en of themfelves when full ripe, and caft abroad their Seed, much like unto a Fetch, fays Dodoneus ; or like to Lentils, as other Authors fay. But that which Gerard had in bis Garden caft forth the Seed like Cole-flower, or Muftard-feed, which made bim td think that either the Clime bad altered its fhape, or that there was two kinds thereof. t
IV. The yellow Balfamint ( which Gerard places with the Arfmarts, and Parkinfon with. the Mercus ries) bas a black and thteady Root, which perifhes euery year, from which [pring forth Stalks about two
them. XV. The Balfam. Vf it is made of the former Oil, by addition of Venice Turpentine, or Ba/fam _ Capivi, and Bees Wax ; it becomes a moft fingular Wulnerary, and in many refpe&ts more excellent than the fimple Oil, and indeed is much more profitable for the healing of rotten running Sores, and old utrid Ulcers ; applied to Cramps or Convulfions : : fx fome time, it helps the fame, and is a fingular ) - thing to cleanfé and heal Ulcers in Womens Breafts, nd fich as happen in the Secret Parts of Man or
P oman.
j CHAP. LIL BALSAM-APPLE Female and Yellow.
I, HE Names. It is alfo unknown ‘to the
Greeks : but is called in Latin by Matthio-
lus, Anguilla, Fuchfius, Gefner and Tragus, Balfa-
, mina altera: by Dodoneus, aged : by Lug-| foot high, tender, green, and fomewhat purplifh, bol- dunenfis, Balfamina : by Cordus, Balfamella: by | low, fmooth, juicy and tranfparent, with large and
Gefner ad Cordum, Balfamina amgdoloides : by Ca-| eminent Foints : From whence roceed Leaves like
merarins, Tabermontanus, and Gerard, Balfamina | thofe of ¥rench Mercury, alitrle larger and broader
Femina: by Lobel, Balfamina femina perficifolia ,| towards their Stalks, and thereabouts alfo cut in
and by Cefalpina, Catanance : and in Enelifp Balm | with deeper Teeth or Notches. From the bofoms of : ead emale. G each of thefe Leaves, come forth long Stalks hang- Il. The Kinds. It is the fecond kind of the Ba/m
ing downwards, which are divided into three or four branches, upon which hang yellow flowers, much gas ping, with crooked Spurs or Heels, and [potted alfo with red or crimfon fpots. The Flowers being gontes there fucceeds Cods containing the Seed, which are about two Inches long, og oe knotted, and of a a
a
eek alee ll
PS a re
- will fly out of them into your face) from whence
Lib. I.
Emetick, and fometimes Cathartick, working (a¢ fome Authors fay ) ftrongly ; for which reafon Dos doneus fays, it has a pernicious faculty, and is dele- terious: yet it may be given from a icruple to half came the name herba impatiens ) and for which rea-|a dram in fome convenient Vehicle, in ftrong Bo:
Jon Lobel, and others have called it, Noli me tan- | dies. ! ; ? ;
gete ) | XVII. The Infpiffate Fuice. Vt is Emetick like © V. The Places. The firft of thefe is only Nurs’d | Cambogia, and fometimes it works downwards like Scammony, but its operations are not altogether fo
we with us in Gardens. The latter grows in fhad 1 1 oods in France, Germany and Italy. It has alfo | certain. It may be adi from ten grains to a feru- ple, made up into a Bolus, and fo fwallowed.
been found in fhady Woods fide, and fhady fides en found in fhady ye Y, XIX. The Diftilled Water. \t is of mighty power
of Mountains, and their Vallies in Wales ; in Sbrop- ) J t to provoke Urine, and if largely drunk, it is vy i ce)
Shire at Marington;, on the Banks of the River : iK, It Kemlet, and at Guerudee in the Parifh of Cherftock, | to induce a Diabetes ; and fome magnifie it, as expel the Stone in the Reins : but without doubt
half'a mile ftom the faid River, in the Highwa U € Irom the lai ver, in the 1g y it pow erfully dani the Reins and . pall Ings
74 ~‘Salmon’s Herbal. tifh green, crefted with greenifh lines ; which Da foor
as they begin to be ripe, are fo impatient, that they will by no means be touched, but prefently the Seed
among great Alder-trees : but it will grow and a- } , bide in our Gardens very well, and every year fow | ges, expelling Sand, Gravel, Slime, and other it aa being fet in a fhady place.
which obftruét the Paffages of the Urine. I. The Times. The of thefe (as alfo the |.
CHAP. LI,
BAWM Garden and Baftard.
7
i. HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Bede
rengie, Bedarungi, Cederenzegum, Turuns gen, Marmacor : in Greek, MeAsoxbquaarcy, UEAtouaacny ueairlave, id eft, Apiaftrum, © dipirsrles, Apes de- lettentur, Diofcor. ib. 3. cap. 18. Pliny hb. 21. cap. 20. Melyfopbyllon os Mehttas : in Latin, Meliffa. ab Apibus qua etiam usr dicuntur . and in Eng- lifh, Bawm.
fruit comes to the greateft perfection Ce ee ~ The Nol me
+E
‘1° and dry in 2°; Cephalick, Neurotick, Vulnerary, and Alterative. The Noli me tangere, is hot and dry in the third degree ; Nephretick, Diuretick and Emetick. VII. The Specification. The latter Specifically Ste Urine, even unto a wonder, as Ge/ner tefti- es.
IX. The Preparations. They may be the fame with thofe of the Male kind, as, 1. Powder. 2. De- coltion. .3..In bifiate Fuice. 4. eg oe Tindure. 5. Oleaginous Tintture. 6. Oil by ‘Infufion. 7. A Balfam. From the Noli me tangéré, there is, 1. A Pouder of the Herb. 2. An Infpiffate Fuice. 3. A Diftilled Water.
The Virtues.
X. The Pouder. It dries up green Wounds, con- folidates, and heals them.
XI. The Decoétion. It cleanfes old Ulcers, and rotten Sores, and difpofes Fiftula’s ( being injefted into them) to a healing.
XII. The Infpiffate Fuice. Being reduced into a pouder, and {ttewed upon a green wound, it pre- 4ently conglutinates it, and heals it.
XIII. The Spiritous Tinture. \tis helpful to a Gangrene in beginning, and by its gentle ftyptick
uality, reftores and conférves the heat of the
art.
XIV. The Oleaginous Tintture. Yt has the fame Virtues with the Spiritous Tin€&ture, but much more powerful, bathed upon the Nerves, it comforts and f{trengthens them, helps pei a and eafes A-} ches and Pains, and is good againft pun€tures of the Sinews. ;
XV. The Oi/ by Infufion, heals Wounds, abates Inflamations, and cures fiery Puftules of the skin.
XVI. The Balfam. It cleanfes and_ heals Ulcers, and gives eafé in Pun&tures of the Nerves : being applied, it cures old rotten Ulcers, running Sores, and kibed Heels.
XVIL The Pouder of Noli: me tangere. It is
Garden Bawm, called by Anguillara, Brunsfelfius Cefalpinus and Gerard, ™ a: Tragus, Meli
Melyffo aby oh 7 biel: Cibee Eate ma, Lovel, Apiaftrum : by Parkinfon, Meliffa: garis odore Citri: aad by Ge/ner, Citrago. 2.
OPrieka FaFF FESS] aL
Ewe = -
a len cet
| aobich endure long, and faften themfelves ftrongly in
' Sometimes o
\ tain Calamint. Parkinfon fays the flowers are of a
‘than the former water, and has a mighty power to _ sepref$ Hypochondriack Melancholy ; it revives the
Chap. 53. Exgh/h Herbs. 75 Spirits, and makes the Heart merry and chearfir!>
eafing the Paffions thereof after a wonderful man- ner. Dofe ftom.j. dram to ij. drams in any proper”
Vehicle. — ; XIII. The Spiritous Tinélure. it has the former Vir- tues, and more powerful to all the faid intentions, but not fo pleafant : It is indeed a declared thing againft all Paffions of the Heart, the Colick, and Griping Pains of the Bowels. Dofe j. or ij. drams, {weet- ned with the Syrup of thefame. =. ‘ XIV. The Oily Tinfure. Outwardly bathed up- on any place paired from a Cold and moift caute, it gives eafe and relief: and taken inwardly from — xij. to xxx. drops in fome fit Vehicle, it gives eafe
liffa notha, Baftard Bawm, called by Fuch/fius, Mely/- Jophyllum , by Clufius, Lamium Pannonicum: thele we treat.of in this Chapter. 3. Melia Turcica, Turkey Bawm. 4. Melffz Moluccana odorate, of which we treat in the next Chapter. 5. Me/ffa Peregrina, called by Matthiolus and .Lugdunenjfis, Meliffa Moldavica. 6. Meliffa Moluccana fatida, | of which we fay nothing in this Work.
,, Ill. The Defcription. The common Garden Bawm bas a Root of a Woody fubftance, and full of ftrings,
the ground, the Leaves and Stalks only dying every rings up divers fquare green
Tear : from this Root fe Stalks, with round hard dark green Leaves ( and in pains of the Spleen, Sides and Stomach, efpecial-
Sometimes of a lighter green, .according to the place it grows in ) a little dented about the edges, fet by | ly if they proceed from a cold caufe : it alfo eafes
couples at the Foynts, and almoft of a Citron or Li- | pains in the Back and Reins proceeding ftom weak- - mon fmell : the Flowers are {mall and gapeing, grow- | nef and obftruétions : and being taken in a right ing at Tops of the Stalks, of a pale Carnation colour, | time, it has been found to provoke the Courfes in and almoft white. {uch as havé them preternaturally ftopt. \. IV. Fuchfius bis Baftard Bawm has a hard woody,| XV. The Saline Tinture. Being given from one Stringy Root like the former, from whence {prings | dram to two, or more, in fome proper Liquor, itis Square Stalks half ayard bigh, with Leaves like un- | good againft Poifon, and the bitings of Mad-Dogs,
to common Bawm, but larger and darker coloured, and | eafes the pains of the Stomach, and the gripings of ~
not of fo Lee a fcent ; the Flowers are white, and | the Bowels, proceeding from fharp humors ; it o- @ pale purple colour, but much larger | pens the obftru€tions of the Lungs, and caufes fach
than thofe of the former, almoft like to the yellow | to bréath freely, who before could featcely take Lamium, or Dead Nettles, or to thofe of the Moun- | their breath : It may be made pleafant with the Sy- TU, of which we fhall {peak anon. }
XVI, The Effence. It caufes fpeedy and eafie de- livery to Women in Travel ; and in a more efpecial manner is recommended againft Hypochondriack Melancholy, being affiduoufly taken for fome time. It has all the Virtues of the Spirit and Tintture, but muft be given in a larger Dofe, by reafon of the grofs Particles which are mixt with it: mixed and made pleafant. with Rofe-water and Sugar, or its own Syrup, it may be profitably given to Women in Child-bed, to bring away the After-birth, of caufé a perfect cleanfing. Galen lib. de Simpl. fays, that Bawm is like unto Horehound in Qualities, but much weaker. I will not gainfay Ga/en crab but that it may be fo in fome Cales ; as’in Hyfte- rick Difeafeés : but where a Cordial is intended, I am fure Bawm is «much the fuperiour, and is much bet- ter for’ Women in their Lying in; when they are fainting, from their fore Travel or hard labour. Dofe from half an ounce to two ounces. It is good a- gainft Poifon, and the bitings of Venemous Beatts; and {uch as have been long troubled with the Bloody
pale purplifh colour on the lower parts, and whitifh above, not being fo pleafantly fcented as the common Garden Bawm.
V. The Places. The firft grows with us only in Gardens, and is profitably planted there, as P/izy lib. 21. cap. 12. fays, for the delight of Bees, for which caufe it is called Apia/trum, and by fome ip Solium, Bees leaf. 'The other is a Native of Hungaria, but is nourifhed up by curious Herborifts in their Gardens. I have fometimes found it growing in England, on the Sunny fide of Ditch
and Bank fides, where the ground has been pretty
dry.
VI. The Time. They flower in. Fune, Fuly. and
Axuguft, and wither or dye away towards Winter, pringing forth a frefh from the old Roots. _ VIL The Qualities. They are both hot and dry in the fecond degree : they are Cephalick, Neuro- tick, Cardiack, and fomething Hyfterick : famoufly Cordial ( chiefly the Garden) and Vulnerary, Alexi- pharmick, and Alterative. .
VII. The Specification. It is approved againft
fainting and {wooning Fits, Poifons, SicknefS at “Heart, and Hypochondriack Melancholy. _ IX. The Preparations. You may prepare fiom it, 1. A cold Diftilled Water. 2. A Spirituous Water. 3. A Spirit. 4. A Spiritous Tinture. 5. An Oily Tintture. 6. A Saline Tintture. 7. An Effence. 8. A Syrup. 9. A fixed Salt. 10. A Balfam or Oil. 11. A Cataplafm. 12. Anexpreffed Fuice.
The Virtues.
Flux. XVII. The Syrup. It is Cordial, but is chiefly
ufed as.a Vehicle to other Cordial Medicines, and however it is.of it felf'a
to make them palatable : fingular. pester: and good againft Coughs, Colds; . Afthma’s,. Spitting of Blood, Obftructions. of the Lungs, and other like Difeafes of the Breaft, and parts adjacent. .
XVIU. The fixed Sa/t.\ It ftrengthens the Sto- mach and Spleen, refifts Vomiting, and carries off much of the Morbifick Caufé by Urine. To ftop Vomiting you may give it thus : Tuke of tha Salt a feruple , Spirit of Sulphur viij. or x. = 2 mir them till the effervefcence 7 over : then diffolve it in aGlafs of Canary, or fome other Stomatick Vebi- cle ; and fo give it the Patient to drink.
XIX. The Balfam or Oi/. They are moft fingular Vulneraries, and many times cure Wounds at one Dreffing : and it is my opinion ( grounded upon the experience I have had of the Plant, in Chirurgery ¥ that it is nor interiour tor curing Wounds and Ul- cers, to any of the Allheals: and from its vulnerary
X. The cold Diftilled Water. It is a Cordial Wa- tar, and only ufed as a Vehicle to convey Cordial Medicaments in.
XI. The Spiritous Water. Uf it is alittle dulci- fied with Syrup of Bawm, it is an excellent Cor- dial, and good againft Fainting and Swooning Fits, Convulfions, and the like, and this chiefly in Chil- dren : It eafes gripings in the Bowels, and comforts Dniverfal Nature. Dofe from half an ounce to two
ounces, according to the Age of the Patient. iLL he and healing Properties it was, that our Anceftors cal-
The Spirit. This is much more excellent led-it Bz/mw, as being ot the nature of Ba//am. Out*
wardly applied it is good againft the ftinging or ftri- | king
a ae MR De allo gl.
Te arr
~
King of Scorpions, and the Poyfonous Bite of the Phalangium
XX. The Cataplafm. Being applyed it eafes Pains coming from a cold Caufe, and Difcuffes Flatulent Tumors; and being mixt witha little Niter, or the Amalgamation of Mercury with Lead, it prevails againlt Wens, Kernels aint hard Swellings in the Neck and Throat or other parts, and is good alfo to give eaft in the Gout, and ripen Biles and break
eed Delivery to Women in Travel, and brings forth both
ng more effectual in opening Obftruftions of the omb, and refifting Fits of the Mother.
CHAP. LIV. BAW M, Turkey and Syrian.
“THE Names. The firft is called in Latin,
Meliffa Turcica, or Meliffophillum, or Meli- phyllum Turcicum: by Gefner in Hort. Cedro- mella, and Citrago Turcica, and in Englifh, Turkey
Bi om 7 Tl The other is called in Latin, Meliffa Syriaca,
Salmon’s Herbal
L 1 b. | e and by fome Me/i/fa Moluccana: by Matthiolws, Melifja Conftantinopolitana: and by Tabernmontanus, Cardiaca Syriaca: by Lobel, Mafeluc Turcorum.
Ill. The Kinds. The Turkey Bawm, is the Third Species, in our order: The Syrian, or Moluccan con- ftitutes the Fourth Species, which are all that are neceflary for us to confider in this Work. This Sy- rian Bawm, Authors will have to be twofold, viz. — and A/fpera, or Afperior: ot Odorata, and In- odorata.
IV. The Defeription. The Turkey Bawm has a Root fmall and thready, which perifhes every Year at the firft approach of Winter, and therefore wef be Sown frefh again, every Spring. From this rifes up one fquare brownish green Stalk, two Feet high and fometimes more, if it grows in good Ground, Spreading it felf with two Branehes from every Foint, where the Leaves are fet ,; and this courfe is continu- ed up almoft to the Top. The Leaves are narrower and longer than thofe of Common Garden Bawm, and more dented in about the edges, of a fweet Lim- mon jcent, rather exceeding that of Comton Bawm: they are rough alfo, and of a like Green Colour. e Flowers are gaping or hooded, growing
be-| at the Tops of'the Branches at certain Diftances,
‘anding in fharp, rough, pointed Husks and th oor a blew rr vurplifh blew Colour, but in foue
‘| the Colour 7s perfectly white, whence feveral Authors
would make feveral Kinds thereof, tho at the fame time they differ in nothing but the Colour of the Flow- ers; but fome fay the Leaves are of a frefher green Colour, which I have not yet obferved. After the Flowers are paft, then comes the Seed, which a black and roundifh, with a white Spot in each Seed, whilft it is frefh, which afterwards in a manner Vanifhes, not being fo difcernable when dry.
V. The Syrian Bawm, has a Woody thick Root, and full of {trings, which perifhes every Tear. From whence rifes up, a round hollow Stalk, thick, and of a reddifh Colour, about Two Feet high, branching fort varioufly on all fides up to the Top, on which are fet Shorter and rounder Leaves, at the end of longer Foot Stalks. The other Leaves ftand alfo upon ¥oot Stalks, and much refemble thofe of the Common Bawm (for which redjon, Some Authors have taken this to be one of the Kinds thereof ) fomewbat lefs dented about the edges, than the Garden Kind. At the Foints of the Stalk, from the middle upwards, come forth round about it, certain bard , whitifh Skins, {mall and round at the bottom, and wide open at the brims, a little prickly at the corners, and much like untoa Bell, being for the moft part five Cornered, From the bottom of each of thefe,comes forth one Flow- er, fomewhat fmall, and hke to thofe of the Common Bawm, a/moft white in Colour, or with a fmall blufp of Red therein. After they he che in the bottom of
ithe fame skinny Bell, the Seed grows (but it very
rarely comes to be Ripe withus) which is whitifh and Cornered. The Plant has nothing of the fmell of Bawm in it; but it is ftrong, and the Tafte is bit-
ter. VI. The other Syrian Kind, which is called Afpe- tior, differs not much from the former, astoits Form, yet it rifes alitter higher, and grows fomewbat greater, but after the fame Kafbion : the Stalk of this is Four Square , and lightly bollowed or furrowed. Leaves are fomewhat longer and fharper on the edges. The Cups or Bells in which the Flowers grow, are more prickly than the former, and much fharper at the corners of them, longer, more in mimber, and of a paler white Colour. The Tunnels of the Flowers are brownifh, and not fo white as the other ; and the Seed ts thrée cornered, ‘and fharp upwards Tithe a
Wedge. VIL. The
Chap. 54. Englifh
VII. The Places. The Turkey Bawm grows na- = in aoe = feveral he me , from : whence it is brought to us, and Nourith’d up in Cv ‘
Gardens. The Syria Bate called alfo Mohuccan, CHAP. Ly. was stout by nig ad ven 7 the Molucca ' Tflands (whence that Name. ut Parkinfon fays he was miftaken: and that Sequinus an Ihdlon font BEANS Garden and Baftard, them ftom Syria to Verona, from whence they were fo us, and nourifh’d up in Gardens only. | 1 T HE Names. The Bean is called in Arabick,
VIL The Timer, The Turkey Bawm Flowers the | . Bachale, Bachele , Bokilla, and Hachille latter end of Fume, or in Fuly: butthe Syrian Kinds,| 1 Greek, kvau@-: and in Latin, Faba. The Cod feldom Flower before the ‘middle of Augu/t, for | is called in Greek by Ariftotle Winn: by Nicander, Which reafon, they féldom give any good Seed, | Ma@rirpaywion@ : by Hefichius xsC@-, reCnen : and which the Turkey Bawm fails not to do. Y Apollonius Kixve@-: and in Latin, Theca.
IX. The Qualities. The Turkey Bawm agrees here) U. The Kinds. ‘There are many Kinds of Beans, in wholly with our Common Garden Bawm, The | but thofe which we fhall chiefly take notice of, are Syrian Bawm is hot in one Degree and dry in two,| 1. The Garden. 2, Kidney or French. 3.’ The HyRerick. Vulnerary, and Alterative. Field or Horfe Bean. Of the Garden Kind there
X. The Specification. The Turkey Bawm is pe-| ate faid to be two forts, 1. The True, 2. The
aft Vertigo’s, Faintings, and Sicknef§ at | 2¢/fard. . | Heart. The Syrian retifts fits of the Mother, and : Vapors from the Womb. Ordinarie YY WZ
Her bs. : | 77
pi te : . tt ) : . The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing Vas Aes of them, but you may Prepare thereftom. 1. A Garden BY AES / NY) p— Powder fromthe Leaves and Wowers. 2. A Decotti- Beane MN, Crs SS on in Wine. 3. An Expreffed Ftice, 4. A Spiritu- SW) { VB sd Tinfure. 5. An Oily be ede 6. are \ DY Ue, i intture. 7. An Effence. 8. A yrup. 9 1X SN FSI, Ve Salt. 10. A Balfamor Oil. 1. A Cataplafm, aA ‘ SW | er b/ “=> The Virtues. . Ss hy) y, Ni fe Ze iE, - _ XIE. All thee feveral Preparations of the Turkey Ax. AH Aes iN iN Bice pave thefame Virtues, Ufes and Dofes, with} — SY G Zee a thofe of our Common Garden Bawm, fo that no Seo yay 2 — more need be faid of them in this place, and there- lf x. A [psa \ TL LF : ° P [EYLE bi ) f; fore we refer you to their refpettive Titles in the Vi IPA Y) Chapter aforegoing. ; SN . VW INS SY X A’ I. The Pouder of the Syrian Bawm, heats, FG Pall ae XIV. The Deealoe of it i Wite, Kills Worm Lyd A We? = +» Lhe Decottion of it in Wine, Ki orms, Sn, W)\Zsa$) WN NG) and is good againft the pains of the Mother, Vapors, Q VS WANT "7 ZM\\ S and the like. Dofeiv. ounces. Mga Yo ZW ONS Api, XV. The Expreffed Fuice of it, Kills Worms, and INSLé NV gives relief in Hifterick Fits, pains. of the Spleen, WYy< and the like. Dofe j. Ounce or more, * A) iN ZN N
AVL. The Spirituous Tiniure of it, = Poy-
fon or Venom, and is good againft the
Peftilence, and all forts of Malign fevers, Dofe
half an ounce.
_ XVI. The Oily Tinfure of it, Gives eafe in the
Colick, given to one Dram in Ale or Wine: and
outwardly applyed helps Palfies, and eafes Pains
from a cold Caufe, in any part of the Body. XVII. The Saline Tinture of it, Is a as
for killing Worms in the Body, whether of old or One, Two young. Dofej. or ij. Drams in Wine or Ale. dacft of the XIX. The Effence of it, Kills Worms, and cures are, and fometimes Four or Fits of the Mother, Convulfions of the Bowels, &c. Upon thefe Stalks are fet Dofe ftom ij. Dramsto vj. in Ale or Wine. ces upon a {mall Foot-Stalk, The Syrup of it, has the Virtues of the b oft to the top, by Two and Effence, but is much weaker, and is moftly ufed as |'T; thick, of a light green, and a Vehicle to convey the other Preparations in. Between thefe Fixed Salt of it, removes Obftructi- orth divers Flowers, all of
ons of the Spleen and Womb. Dofe to xx grains or the moft part, which are
of it, ina Decotfion of the Herb, fweetned with OKI Tees Vulnerary, and {4 hata y af a ¢ Balfam or Oil of it, is and | what purplifh at the foot or ottom 5 of the Form al-
tafes Pains of rill mel fede ; moft i sadly or beats Flowers, many of which, XXII. The Cataplafm o it, Diftuffes Tumors} that grow upwards towards the to , do feldom bear Cold and Wind, and gives cafe in Seed, and therefore are gathered by many to be Di«
: of pleen being applied to the Region there- filled , and the tops alfo being cut ‘off, it makes the
grow
~Salmon’s
78:
grow black when they are ripe, and contain within them, Two, Three, or Four, flat and fomewhat round- ifh, which latter
uh long Beans, either white or re when ripe grow many times black witball.
_ IV. The Baftard’ Bean, Differs little or nothing in the Form and Shape of the Plant, or in the man- ner of its growing, fon the former, fave that it fel-
- dom grows full out fo large as the True Garden one doth, nor are the: Beans themfelves altogether fo large: but that which is the principal note of diftintti- iene Kind, is their want
of that fweetnefs, a Goole and excellent ‘Tafte en fort has: and therefore by rea-
Son of the {mall difference which is between them in refpett to their Form and growing, they are generally ys the otber: tho at
the fame time the Gardener can diftinguifh between
on, between this and the
which the Right Gar
Sold in the Market the one them.
V. The Places. Thefe are both Sown in with us, but the latter are for the moft
former.
VI. The Times, They Flower in April and May, and that gradually, fo that they are long in Flower- ing : and the Beans themfelves are Ripe in Fu/y and
An - VIL. The Qualities. They are Temperate as to heat or cold, and moift-in the firft ; Nephri-
tick, Lithontriptick, Spermatogenetick, Suppura- tive, and Alterative. o ee
VII. The Specification.. They are peculiar againft Gravel in Reins or Bladder, reftore in. Confumpions, for they nourifh much, and being much Eaten cure a Diarrbea. ox
IX. The. Preparations. ‘The Shops keep, 1. A ‘Water from the Flowers or the whole Plant. 2. A Meal or Flower from the Beans. . But youmay make therefrom alfo, 3. A Decottion of: the Beans in Water or Wine. 4. An Effence of the Leaves and Cods. 5. A ry drt the Beans. 6. A Volatile Salt, Spirit and Oil from the Beans. 7. The Afhes of the Cods and Stalks, 8. A ftrong Broth,
The Virtues.
X. The Diftilled Water from the Flowers, or whole Plant when in Hower. They .are chiefly ufed as Cofimeticks, to. foften, whiten, cool, and beautify the Skin, it being often wafhed therewith, and fu fered to dry on: but before it is applyed, the Face and Hands ought to be made purely clean with warm Water in which Wheat Bran or Bean Meal has been boiled : fome Ladiés have affirmed to me, that by a continued and long ufing this Wafh,or Water Diftil- led from the Flowers, they have had Lentils, Frec- kles, and other Deformities of the Skin perfeétly removed. ThisI believe, that if it is acuated with fome finall quantity of the Volatile Salt, and then ufed, it may do much in that Kind.
XI. The Meal or Hower. Being ufed with warm Water to wafh the Face and Skin with, it cleanfes it admirably, and is faid to take away Deformities thereof, as Scurff, Spots, Wrinkles, Tanning, Sun- burning, and the like.
XII. The Decottion inWine or Water. It is vety good againft the Stone and Gravel whether in the Reins or Bladder, and provokes Urine; fo alfoa De- cottion of the Green Cods, or a Water Diftilled from the fame.
XIII. The Effence from the Leaves and green CodsIt is Diuretick and Lithontriptick, removing the Matter caufing the Strangury, whether it be Gravel, Sand, Slime, or other Glutinous Matter. Mixed with Honey and taken, it prevails againft Coughs, Colds, Rheums, Catarths, and other Diftempers of the Lungs.
Srdeet Sown abroad in large Fields, and Sold in Markets for the
Herbal.
XIV. The. Catapla/m of Bean Flower or Meal. Tf it made with Vinegar and Oil, and applied to Wo- mens Breafts, fwelled with abundance of Milk, fo that they can fcarcely hold, it will not so reprefs the Milk, but alfo difcuf$ the Tumor or Swelling occafioned by Curdling thereof. If the Carapla/m be made with Kenugreek and Honey, and applied to Felons , Biles, Bruifes, Apoftems, as alfo Kernels about the Ears, and Kings-Evil Swellings, it helps themall. If the Cataplafmis made with Wine, and ppelied to Watering Eyes, or Eyes having a Contu- 1on by blows, it gives eafé and does them good. If made with Whites of Eggs, Rofe Leaves and Frankin- cenfe, and applied, it helps Eyes which Swell or grow out. If it is made with White Wine, and with Vinegar and Oil, and applied to the Cods, it takes away their Pain and Swelling. If # is made with Wine only , and a little Oil, and Eaten, it is good again{t Impotency, and ftirs up Luft in fuch as can- not ufé the A& of Generation, by reafon of the cold- nef, fluggifhnefs, and weaknefs of their Members. If Fried in Oil with Garlick to the thickne/s of a Hafty Pudding, and Eatenas daily Food, it helps inveterate Coughs, almoft paft cure, and the hoarfenefs of the Voice: and being for fome time Eaten, it breaks Apoftems of the Breaft and Lungs.
XV. The Digi the Cods and Stalks, Being Infufed in Ale or Wine, and the Liquor Drunk, they are very Diuretick, and open all Obftuétions of the Reins and Bladder, and therefore are very good a> gainft Sand, Gravel, Stone, Dropfy, Jaundice and Gout. The Afhes made into a Cataplafjm with Hogs Lard, and applied, are good againit old Pains, Con- tufions, Wounds of the Nerves, Defluxions upon the Joynts, the Sciatica, and Gout, whether in Hands, Arms, Knees or Feet.
XVI. The Volatil Salt, Spirit and Oil of the Beans. Beans and Peafe yielda vaft Quantity of Volatil Salt, and in much larger Proportion than any other Vegetable Produétion, It is thus made. Ik Beans tb x. whole and dry, put them into a large Earthen Retort, or into a large Glafs one well Luted; fo large as that about a third part may re- main Empty : put it intoaclofe Furnace of Reverbera- tion, luting to it a large Receiver or great Glafs Ball: ftop the Regifters of the Cover of thé Furnace, and make a fmall Fire in the Cinder or Afhes place,at firft, only to warm the Retort, and heat the Matter within, which keep fo for an Hour, then kindle a Eire in the Grate Place, gentle at firft for an Hour more afer which increafe it gradually from Hour to Hour ,
ut not toan Excefs: in the mean feafon, the Aque- ous parts will come over in large quantity, then give a little Air to the Regifter of the Cover of the Furnace on the Receivers fide, continually encreafing the Fire, till you fee the Recerver to be filled with white Clouds, which will by degrees condenfe into Liquor, the Ole- aginous and Salt parts finking to the bottom of the Veffel, keep now an equal lire, for about two Hours, giving a little Air to the Regifter, after which open it for altogether, giving a more violent heat, and at
length a flaming Fire, which continue till the Vapors .
ceafe, and the Recerver is clear: let then the fire go out, and the Veffels cool. In the Receiver you will have much ¥legm mixt with Oil, and Spirit, and Volatile Salt, G penetrating that you will not be able to hold your Nofe and Eyes over the Mouths of the Veffels. Put all thefe Subftances immediately into a @ Bolt Head with a long Neck, covered, with its Head well Luted, and fitted with a Beak and Receiver: place it in a Sand beat, in a cool Airy place, fo
you fee the Volatile Salt 7 Boe by little and hittle,and -
coagulate it felf in the Head (which you muff often cool by doable. Cloths dipt in cold Water, Die the Difjolution of the Salt): This Sglt with what fpeed
Lib. L
TT ye ee
_ feolus: in Arabick; Lubia: in Englifh, Kidney Bean,
Chap: 56. Lzghfb £lerbs. 79 may be take out of the Head, and keep it in a Glefs} Ul. Theother is called in Greek Kizu@ xitxn@, 7 Bottle clofe flopped, and in a cool place, for it turms | pastor xbxxiv@- : in Latin, Faba Coceinus, & Phafe- into Liquor or as with the leaft heat, and fooner | olus Coccinus: and in Enghfh, the Scarlet Bean. | than.any other Volatile Salt : but you, muft have ano-| Il. The Kinds. The Species of the Kidney Bean ther Head ready to put on in the place of the B glee 4 are very many : whofe chief differences confift moft tohofe juntlures being well Luted, continue the reti-|in the Colour of the Beans, which every Child is Jication, fo will you have in the Recipient, the reft of | able to diftinguith at Sight, as the White, the Black, the Volatile Salt Diffolved in a little of the Flegm| the Red, the Purple, the various Coloured, the Great, (which is the Spirit) and the Volatile Oil, which you| the Small, &c. as for other Di es, as they may feparate and keep a parts the wfelefs Flegm, and | would be fuperfluous and needlef$, fothey would be ftinking part. of the Oil remaining at bottom of the | almoft endlefs, .
traps. . faid to be of two Kinds: , XVI. This Volatile Salt of Beans, is a ftrong i jon wi
Sudorifick, and one of the moft Subtif and Volatile Salts that is, being of the fame ufe with all other Volatile ' Salts. It is good againft Palfies, Cramps, Withered Limbs, Epilepfies, Apoplexies, Gouts, Rheumatifins, Colicks, and other difeafes of the Head, Brain, Womb, Nerves, and Joints. It kills Worms, and is admirably good in Fits of the Mo- ther. The Spirit is alfo of the fame Virtue. The Oi, is ftronger, and therefore in outward applicati- ons, it may be mixt with Oil of Bitter Almonds, or Oil of Ben, and the Stomach and Navel anointed with it, for Fits of the Mother. In Difeafes of the Brain, alfo of the Womb, you may put it up the Noftrils. Dofeé of the Salt, a gr. vj. ad xij. of the Spirit, ftom xv drops to xxx. or xl and of the Oil}. a gut. ij. ad vj. all which are to be given in fome pro ehicle.
VIII. The ftrong Broth of the Beans. Itis Nu- tritive in the higheft Senfe fo far as a Vegetable can be Nutritive; Ic alfo ftirs up Luft, and is of good ufe where there is an Impotency in the Male Kind, who have not the power to ufeé the Aét of Generati- on, by reafon of a weaknef§ in the Inftruments of Generation, or defeé& of Seed, as it has refpe&t either to Quantity or grate And, by teafon the Bean, (efpecially the Field Kind) has the Signature of the Glans of the Penis, Pythagoras and his Followers judged then to froveie Luft, which afterwards by multitudes of Experiments and’ Obfervations, has. been confirm’d to us, even from that time to this day.” This Broth ftrengthens the Bowelsand reftores Nature, {topping all forts of Lasks and Fluxes of the Belly, inveterate Coughs and other Diftempers of the Lungs: It is Nephritick and Diuretick, much provoking Urine, and therefore is good againft all
bftructions of the Reins and Bladder. If this
Broth is made for Nutriment fake} it will be necef-] V. The Defcription.- It bas a long Root with fary to boil the Beans till they are Broken, and the | many Fibres Springing from it, which perifbes ever Flowery part of them mixed and as it were diflol-| Year, from which rifes up at firft but one Stalk, ved. in the Liquor; which afterwards may be made] which afterwards divides it felf into many Arms or favory with a little. Salt, Juice of an Orange, and a| Branches, every one of them being fo weak, that they bit of fweet Butter. Beans’ are indeed Flatulent | cannot fuftain themfelves, but are’ upheld by Sticks (by which property they are faid to ftir up Luft,) yet | or Poles, or other adjacent things, taking hold with accounted good Food.. Nos Trago Subfcribimus re-| its lefping tendrels thereupon, in like manner as centes innoxias effe inCibo, & bonum fuccum gignere.| does Bryony, Hops; and the Vine, otherwife they Ray, Hit. Plant. lib. 18. cap. 3. would lye Fruitle/s upon the Ground. From thefe
} Branches grow forth at feveral places long Foot Stalks, every one of which has three broad, round, pointed Leaves, of agreen Colour, growing together by three’s az inthe Common Trefoil: Towards the Tops of the Branches come forth divers Flowers in form like to Peafe Bloffoms, which varie and differ in their Colours according to the Soil in which they Grow, Sometimes White, Black, Red, Yellow, Purple, Pale i HE Names. This Plant is called by rey and Various Coloured, for the moft part of the fame | It crates, Theopbraftus , and moft of the An-| Colour the Beans will be of. After which come Cient Writers Ata: fome ftom the Seed call it] forth long and flender, flat, lightifh green Cods, moftly
AsCoy, Gy AsCroy: Others name it dartcacy a diminitive | crooked a little, and fome Tait, in which are contain- ed the Beans, made almoft in form of a Kidney, flat
CHAP. LVL BEANS Kidney and Scarlet.
“from saenacs Difcorides calleth it =,/. dnetel ae Min, Siligea, Phe and much about the Magnitude of Horfe Beans.
gis, MiCia: in Latin, Smilax Hortenfis, Siliqua, Pha- feolus: i : , ‘ VI. The Scarlet Bean is‘a /arge Plant, but differs not utuch in its manner of growing from the ae
and Garden Kidney Bean. .
.
=v
can Seneeedaliin at
“6. The green Cods to be eaten as a Sallet.
86 is Salaion’s
Herbal.
ne peeieeueinditicin Sy 4> ps , Kidney Bean: but the Flowers are large and many, | XIII. The Decottion in Wine or Water is vety
and of an Elegant Scarlet Colour
?
for which reafon | Diuretick; and as its Signature fhews, powerfull
: # commonly called by our Florifts, The Scarlet | opens Obftruétions of the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
ean.
“ae —
VII. The Places. They Grow both of them, not only in England, but alfo in moft parts of Exrope, and with us they are nourifh’d up in Gardens. The firft or Common Garden ee Bean (which fome call the French Bean) extend their Branches to a very great length, having Poles or other like things to fupport and faftenthemfelves upon. The Scarlet Bean was firft Brought to us by John Tradefcant, and made to Grow in our Gardens, where it now very naturally flourifhes. —
VIL The Times. They are fown in the Spring, chiefly about the middle of Apri/, and not before, and the Beans themfelves are ripe, about the latter end of the Year.
IX. The Qualities. The former are Hot and Moift in the firft Degree: (as for the latter they are more for the Show and Beauty of the Flowers, than for any Phyfical ufe: ) They are alfo Suppurative, Aftringent as to the Bowels, Nephritick, Sperma- togenetick, and Alterative.
4 The Specification. There is nothing Obfer- vable in this, faving that they have been found to provoke Urine.
XI. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing of them; but you may make thereftom, 1. A Di- filled Water from the green Cods, and whole Plant. 2. A Decottion of the green Cods, or whole Plant in Water or Wine. 3. An Effence of the Leaves and Cods. 4. A Volatile Spirit, Oil and Salt, from the dry'd Beans. 5. The Afhes of the Straw and Cods.
The Virtues.
XII. The Diftilled Water, May be ufed as a Ve- hicle to. convey Nephritick, Diuretick, and Lython- tiptick Medicaments in.
der: It may be Drank a Pint at a time morning, noon, and night a little fweetned with Hony, and be continued for fome days.
XIV. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the De- cottion, but much more Powerful, and is a fingular fweetner of the Blood.
XV. The Volatile Spirit, Oil, and Salt. They are made from the dry’d Beans, exattly as we have Taught in the former Chapter, Sef’. 16. and their feveral Virtues, Ufes, and Dofes are the fame, fo. that we need fay no more of them in this place. ~ . XVI. The Ajhes of the Straw and Cods, being Ina fufed a Night or two in a Bottle of Ale or Wine clofé ftopt up; and that Liquor Drank Morning, Noon and Night, half a Pint ata time, or more, it powerfully provokes Urine, opens obftru&tions of the Reins and Ureters, and plentifully brings away Sand, Gravel, Slime, or other Tartarous Matter offending thofe Parts. You siey Pap XVj, Ounces of the A/hes to a Gallon of Ale or Wine. © ~
XVII. The Green Cods. se Sark the Virtues of the other Beans, provoke Luit and breed Seed : boiled and eaten with fweet Butter and a little and Juice of Oranges, they loofen the Belly, voke Urine, ftrengthen and pleafe the Stomach; and make good Blood; but they ought to be eaten whileft they are green and tender (otherwife they will not be fo Toothfom) and the Rib for String which runs along the Cod, being taken away, then to be boiled clofe Covered, till they are foftith, and fo dreft up with Salt, melted frefh Butter and Juice of Sevil Oranges, as aforefaid; in which manner they are very wholfom, nourifhing, reftorative, and
of a pleafant and grateful Tafte, and not in the leaft -
inferior to the other large Garden Beans.
C HAP. LVI. BEAN S Field or Horfe.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Ktay® dyews : in Latin, Faba Equina, Faba Minor :
and by Dodoneus, Phafelus Minor, Faba agria, vel Ruftica: and in Englifh, Field Bean, and Horfe Bean, ‘vauoe Gracis ditti creduntur quia funt us 70 xvesv desvol x) dimes 7% xdsiv- Ray. , Il. The Kinds. We fhall take notice but of three forts of thefe Beans. ‘The Fir/t Kind, is our Common Field Bean, which is ufually fown with us for Horfes and Hogs; and is Named as afore de- clared. © The Second Kind, is that which the Greeks call Tivav@-, and by fome Kvapyesdyews: in Latin, Faba Sylveftris, Faba Graca, and in Engljh, The Wild Bean. The Third Kind, is the Old Greek Bean, called Kvap@- tranix@: in Latin, Faba Vee terum Gracorum , Faba Sylveftris Gracorum anti-
quorum: i Englifh, The Greek Bean of the An- -
cients.
Ill. The Defcription. The Field or Horfe Bean has a fhort Root, going down right, with many {mall rings pi iptnd from it, which perifhes every
Year; from whence fprings forth one, two, or more
"| Stalks, which grow upright like the Gard
not leaning down, the Leaves are like unto the Gar-
ithout any dents on the edges, but they* 5 pans ae io and growing pid s
are fmaller, more at a Foint, f the Elowers _ alfo more at a Foimt,, leffer, a of a more Purplifh Colour: the Cods Sad
Lib. I.
*
Chap. 57. Lnghfo Herbs. | | 51
the. mare long and round, fmaller than the Garden VIL. The Quclities. Our Field Beans are hot and Kind, and fanding “upright: within which are {mall | moift in the firt Degree, fuppurative,, ftrengthening longifh round Beans, which when they are Ripe, are} and f{permatdgenetick: nephritick, diuretick , and
Some blackif~h, fome brownifh, and fome of a dirty | alterative: and ufed externally, as in Wafhings, yellow. they are of an abfterfive faculty.. The Wi/d Bean,
and Faba Veterum, ot Greek Bean, which Diofcori- des, Galen, and other Greek Authors intend, when they give us their Virtues, are ufed to all the fame purpofes and intentions afcribed to thefe Our Field Beans.
a clear paflage for the Water.
_ X, The Preparations. ‘They are exa€tly the fame with the former, as 1. A Diftilled Water from the Flowers and green Cods. 2. A Decottion of the fame. 3. An Effence. 4. A Volatile Spirit, Oil, and Salt. 5. Ihe Afhes nF Fixed Salt. 6. A Broth of the Beans. 7. A Cataplafm of the Meal.
The Virtues.
XI. The Diftilled Water. It is ufed as a Vehicle for other Preparations, and as a cofmetick for the Face and Skin, to take away Scurf, Morphew, Tannings, Sunburnings and other like Deformi- ties, by often wafhing therewith, and letting it dry ‘ :
nl. ;
XII. The Decottion of Cods and Plant, opens Ob- {tru&tions of the Vi/cera, but chiefly of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, and. provokes Urine.
XIII. The Effence, Is faid to diffolve the Stone in Reins or Bladder, but then I conceive it muft be a foft and gritty Stone, not of a Flint like Sub- ftance: it increafes Seed, and provokes Luft.
XIV. The Volatile Spirit, Oil, and Salt of the dry’d Beans, They~are made as thofe of Garden Beans chap. 55. Seé#. 16. and have all the fame Vir- tues, Ufes and Dofes.
XV. The Afhes and Fix’d Salt. They ate Diu- retick, and powerfully provoke Urine, and therefore are fogs y Bae againft the Dropfy Sarfites , Gout, Stone, Gravel, and Jaundice. Dofea fcruple in White Wine, morning and night.
XVI. The Broth of the Beans. It has the fame Virtues, but not all out fo Powerful.
XVII. The Cataplafm. Made with Wine, it is good againft fuffuffions and Blows of the Eyes, and is profitably applyed to eafé the Pains of the Gout. Made with Wine Vinegar, and ap- plyed, ittakes away the Inflammation of the Tefti cles, and Womens Breafts, and apply’d where Hairs are firft and immediately plucked forth, it confumes their Nutriment, and. in fome meafure hinders their growing again. And if beaten up with Whites of Eggs, it is good againft the Pin and Web, and helps the Watering of the Eyes. If made with Vinegar and equal parts of Barley Meal, it is faid to waft away the Swellings of the Kings Evil. If made up with equal parts of Meal of Fanugrerk, it takes black and blew {pots, oned through Blows, and Difcuffes hard Swellings under the Ears. If the Cataplafm is made with Oxymel, it is
CorvtH0n /torse
IV. The Wild Bean differs in its de/cript; ription not opi tied ste Somer, fave that it as ‘hi tai lefs “dé of t Selves are black and iad, ee —
V. The Greek Bean has a Root which goes not deep nor far into the Ground, but fends forth many long Fibres or ftrings,dying every Year; from whence {prings forth two or three long flat Stalks, with two ae ly- ing or running upon the ground, if it bas nothing to rife or clafp upon. The Stalks branch out on every fide into flalks of Leaves, four commonly fet thereon by two and two, with a iftance between them, like unto the Garden Bean, and each Branch bending ina Jong Clafper. The Flowers grow JSingly at the Foynts of the Branches, under the Leaves, and are of a kind of dead, dull, purple Colour’, with Some palenefs at
ottom of them: after which fucceed long and fome-
what flat Cods, with two sharp edges, dented about
and a little hooked or bowing, green at Sirf, but af-
terwards black and bard when they aré Ripe. In
thefe Cods are contained four or five, or more round » very black, and as large as Peafe. .
VI. The Places. The Firft grows with us every where, in Fie/ds, and are chiefly Sown for the Food of Hoggs and Horfes, whence their Name: The Second and Third forts gtow with us only in Gar-
ens; but are Natives of Spain and Greece, where
they are plentifully to be found. ood againft the Stinging of Scorpions, and VIL The Times. They all Flower in April, and | Bitings of ‘ Pearies Gets, Difcuffes Tuimors May, and Fune, and that gradually, for they aré|caufed by Blows and Bruifes, abates the Milk long in Flowering; and the Seed is Ripe fome-| in Womens Breafts, and eafes Wounded Nerves, times in Fu/y; but moftly in Auguft ands er.
Septem- \if apply’d upon the Wound.
IX. The Specification. They have a peculiar Fa- ~ culty to jens Obftru&tions of Urine ; and to make °
; f |
es 2 eek eee
82 Salmon’s Herbal.
Lib. I.
CHAP. LVI BEARS BREECH.
L>P°HE Names. It is called in Greek, “Axwt@ . 6 “Agta : in Latin, Acanthus, Acantha, Branca Urfina: and in Enghfh, Brank Urfine, or Bears-breech. m.**5
Il. The Kinds.It is twofold ; 1. The Garden kind,
called in Greek dygv6@ iusess, misdee@-, uerduguaaG, | "Eeatyyta ¢ in Latin, Acanthos Sativus, Acantha Hor-
Hgts Pecleros, Meleinphyllos, and Herpacantha, A- canthus verus & levis, Branca Urfina levis : and in Engh Garden Brank Urfine, ot Bears Breech. 2. the Wild Kind, is called in Greek, digui@- dye, in Latin, Acanthus Syleftris, and Aculeatis, Acan- tha Spinofa € aculeata, Herbacantha : in Englifh, the Wild or Prickly fs od Acanthos is the common name for all "Thiftles, but here it is ufed
‘as by thefigure, A ag vy loco propre nominis
| gonitur Appellativvn,
vitas pro Lo
Beamee ilk
Il. The Defeription. Garden Bears Breech bas \a Roor'thiek‘and'ling, with many ee Spread- ‘ing far and Weep ‘in ‘the ground, of a blackifh or ‘dark coldttr On the butfide, and white within, full of
‘va very tlammy Fiice, ‘more mucilaginous than the
Leaves, fo full of life, that if ‘a fmall piece be but tor in the Ground, it will [pring up again, and bring “forth the whole! Plant, but reguires‘a fhelter or de- fence from the extremity of the Winter. From this Root thére'fhoors forth many large, thick, fmooth, fad greén Leavés‘upon ‘the:ground, with a thick middle rib,divided itito many parts,with great anddeepgahbes Jon the edges, from among which (after it ‘bas'ftood long in a convenient -plate.) tifes up’ afeafonable great Stalk, three or four foot high, without either joint or branch thereon, fet with fome Leaves; and from the middle upwards, fet with a pike, as it were, of white hooded or gaping Flowers, flanding in browmih Husks, fomewhat fharp at the points, and a {mall long undivided Leaf under each rower : af-
ter which come ( in more hot Countries, but not in. ours that I know of ) broad, flat, round, thick, brown- ifh yellow Seed. Dodoneus fays, that the Leaves are great, large, of a fad green colour, thick, grofs, Smooth, and deeply cut in by the fides, like the leaves. of Rocket.
IV. Wi/d Bears Breech has a Root not {preading * So on. or fo far as the former, nor fo great in mag- nitude,
way coming ly yaa at hs eras 5. afer which comes Seed, rard faith, that this
q
hee large, dented or ji 10.
cloven, and baving many harp,
prickles
very cafe 1 be haniled or touched, without danger
tothe hands and fingers: - V. The Places. They naturally grow in Greece, Italy, Spein, and France 5 but with us, and in Ho/- pian, and “other cold Countries, it is only to be found nousiftted wp iia Gardens. Diofcorides tgs it grows oily in and ftony places. The iid grows in many places of Ira/y near the Sea, and Pena fays, he found it in’ moift and gravelly laces near to the Walls of Mompelier ; but with us
‘Tit is only in Gardens.
VI. The Times. The Root keeps alive in Winter in hot Countries, and ‘fo with us, but fometimes it | dies, if the weather is too'eold : but in Ex, land that Jis rare in the Garden kind. ‘The former fowers in
Fune and fometimes in Fu/y, but yields no | Seed with us: the latter flowers later ; feldom or never giving with us any ripe Seed : but in thofe Countries where the Seed comes to perfeftion, itis always in Autumn, ot latter end of Summer. . The Qualities. They feem to'be Temperate in refpect cof heat, and drying in the ie They are ‘Arthritick, nd whilft Digeitive,
‘| afterwards ‘Aftringent, Drying, Reftorative and Al- ‘| terative.
Vill. The Specification. ‘They.ate peculiar againft
| Confumptions and Spitting ‘of Blood.
IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing of it: but you may make thereof, 1. Ax boppifar. Fuice, or es 2. An E iy 3. A r ion in Wine. 4. ASyrup. 5. AClyfter. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Saline Tinthure. F
The Vertues.
“X. The Liquid or Infpiffate Fuice, prevails againtt fpitting of Blood, piffing “of Blood, Te ‘the Phthi- ick, being faid to cure Corifumptions,‘meaning thofe of the Lungs. ‘Dofe of 'the Liquid, one ‘or ‘two fj — A Rh cle one’ or two drams, “dif-
; ‘in‘Red Wihe, ‘or Fent, ‘and ‘foeither of them
'to'be ‘taken. rt ?
XI. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the “for- mer, befides which it ftops Fluxes, and the Courfes in Women, and is prevalent againft Ruptures in Chil- dren, and vehement Coughs. Dofe one fpoonful in Red Wine or Tent, Morning and Evening. Applied it is good againft busnings.
XI. The
Chap: 5 Qs XII. The Decoffion in White Wine. \t provokes
Urine, and binds the Belly.
~ XIUIL The Syrup. It is good againft Coughs, Colds,
Afthma’s, Phehificks fpitting and piffing of Blood,
Bloody Fluxes, &%c. Dofe two fpoonfuls in Wine.
Enghifh Herbs, | 83
and fometimes of a White colour, or various coloured, not much unlike to “ eat ) wa Geek: en, and confifting of one i don, is Pennywort ‘8 after which com Small ee: ee a intel at Ti them, not rifing to the height pointel at Top of them, itsak of
~ XIV. The Ciyfter. By reafon the whole Plant is of | rhe Cups, containing fmall blac.
a Glutinous, Clammy, and Slimy rere. ag Na- ture ; it is given Clyfter-wife to procure Stools, and heal the Excoriations of the Bo
sat The Cataplafm. yan of Sage cv cilaginous property, it is (like Comfrey ) applyed to werk parts t0 ftrengthen Stent and applyed to the Gout in the Joints, it eafes the Pain, difcufles the Humor, and cures the Difeafe: It alfo is profitable againft Cramps in any part, and Ruptures in Chil- dren, being timely applied to the Part : made into form of an Emplafter, and applied to the Back, it eafes Pains there, and ftrengthens a weak Back. hg alg ae a ele It oneee arm
e Uri eS, Ww y. pro Urine. Dole. one or two oe in a draught of White Wine: and Cloths dipt in it, and re to ies burned ( where the skin is not broken ) it pre- ently draws forth the fire.
XVII. The Wild Bears Breech has the fame Pre-
parations, Virtues and Ufes.
CHAP. LIX. » BEARS-EARS.
1 He Names. They know no Greek Name,
but have obtained feveral Latin ones, ac- cording to the variety of Authors, who have treated of them : but they may well enough be called in Greek, Acthe rev. dexnw : They are called varioufly by feveral Authors, as Lunaria Artbritica, alfo Lu- naria Paralytica Alpina, and Sanicula Alpina, by Gefner: Primula veris aims se er by Lugdun: Auricula Urfi, by Matthiolus, Baubinus, and others : and at this day are fo generally called by Mr. Ray, and other Authors. Some Authors, as Fabius Columna, will have them to be the Alifma, or Da- mafonium of Diofcorides, but are,in my opinion,mifta- ken, becaufe the form of the Flowers plainly demon- ftrate the contrary: in Englifh they are generally called Bears-Ears, and Auricula’s by the Florifts. They are certainly of the Family of the Com/fips, and therefore are alfo called Alpine Cowflips, and Mountain Comflips, from the places whence they firft came : Samicula Alpina, Alpine or Moun- tain Sanicle, a fanandis vulneribus + and Auricula’s from the form of the Leaf:
Il. The Kinds. There are three principal Kinds, as 1. That with long dented Leaves. 2. That with long Leaves not dented. 3. t with round Leaves ; and of each of thefe there are many varie- ties: as, the Yellow: the Purple: the Red: the Scarlet: the Bright Red: the Blufh-coloured: the Various-coloured : the Blew : the White: the Hair-
coloured : the Straw-coloured: and the Variable Green. Ii. The Defcription. Thofe with long dented "Leaves ( of which the Yellow kind #s principal ) which 3s a beautiful fine Plant, bas a thready Root,very like to the Oxlip , which fends forth green, thick, and fat Leaves, fomewhat finely fnipt about the Edges, ‘much like to thofe of Cowflips, but greener, fmootber, and nothing fo crumpled : Slender, round Stem, an bandful high, bearing a of Elowers at the Top, from fix to twelve in number , E s of a Yellow, fometimes of a Purple, or Red,
among which arifes # ¥ -
Root greater and thicker than the former, with long
firings or fibres like unto the other forts, but great-
er ; from whence {prings up many fair, large, thick Leaves, fomewhat mealy or hoary upon the green- nefs, fmootb about the Edges, and withowt any in- denting at all. The Stalk is great, round, and not higher than in the former, but bearing many more flowers thereon,more in number than any other kind, amounting fometimes to twenty or morc, yea fome- times to thirty, ftanding fo round and a together, that they feem to be a Nofe-gay alone: their form a like fome others, but that the Leaves are shorter and rounder, yet with a notch in the middle,. like the reft, of afair Yellow, &c. colour, neither very pale nor deep, with a White Eye or Circle in the bottom,
about the middle of every Flower, giving them an.
extraordinary grace ; after which comes round heads greater than the former, with a {mall pointel Bh ing in the middle, in which. 4% contained Seed of a blackifh brown colour. ;
V. The round Leav'd, which Tabermontanus, and Gerard, call Sanicula alpina ; end Matthiolus, Cor- tufa, and we Bears-Ear fanicle; has a Root confift- ing of a thick Tuft of {mall whitifh Threads, rather than Roots, much interlaced one among another : from whence fpring up Leaves; firft, fuch as are much crumpled, and as it were folded together, which afterwards open themfelves into fair, broad and roundifh Leaves, fomewhat rough, or hairy, not only cut into frve divifions, but fomewhat notched alfo about the edges, of a dark green colour on the rer fide, and more net ae underneath. The
aves of this Plant die down every Year, and rife - anew every Spring, whereas all other. Bears-Ears
ep their Leaves green all the Winter, pecially the middlemoft, which ftand like a clofe bead, the
out wardmoft for the “~ part perifbing after Seed- “2 time
4 —
—
84 Salmon’s Herbal. ‘Lib. 1.
found to be profitable in the Gout whether arifing from a hot or cold Caufe.
XVI. The Balfam. It has the Virtues of the Oi/; but more excellent for the Cure of Wounds than it efpecially of the gh is good againft the bitings of 590 Sea Hare, and of the Toad; and refolves Oe-
Mas.
XVIL The Spirituous Tinture. It cures Gripings of the Belly, the Dyfentery, Convulfions, Fits of
Mother, and other Diftempers of the Womb.
the Dofe j, fpoonful Morning and Evening.
Xx Parkinfon fays the Leaves of Cortufa taft a little hot, and if one of them be laid whole, with-
Plants are on the A/pine Mountains, and other like | out bruifing, on the Cheeks of any tender Skinn’d places, asthe Pyremean: thofe with the b/ew Flower | Woman, it will raife an Orient Red Colour as if and Borrage Leaf, gtow on the Mountains in Spain, | fome Fucus had been laid on, which will pafs away and on that fide the Pyreneans next to Spain, trom] without any manner of hurt, of matk where it whence théy have been Tranfplanted to us, and are | lay. e. ; oat Mag up with us in Gardens. —
d Times. They all Flowet in Apri/ and May, and their Seed is ripe in the end of Fune, or beginning of Fu/y : and fometimes they will Flower again in the end of Swmmer, or in Autumn, if the Seafon proves moift, rainy and temperate. As for the great variety of thefe Flowers, Parkinfon is of opinion, that they have rifen from the Sent accor- are the to differing Climes and Soil in which it has Ww . ;
ed. >
VIII. The Qualities. They are Tetnperate in re- are heat ok nia and dry in the ee.
hey are Cephalick, Neurotick and Arthritick, Vul- ma Aftringent, and Alterative.
. The Specification. \t is a moft admirable
Vulnerary, as wéll for Internal as Extetnal Wounds. |
X. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing Fel J, butyou thay make theteftom, 1. An expreffed Liguid Fuice. 2. An ipifiare Faite. 32. An Effence. 4. Decottion in Wine. 5. An Oil. 6. An Ointment or Balfam. 7. A Spirituous Finkure. ott’
time. trom among thefe Leaves rifes up one or two naked round Stalks, five or fix Inches high, bearing at the Tops feveral {mall Flowers, fomewbat fweet, and like unto the purple Bears bar, hanging down their Heads, confifting of five fmall pointed Leaves apiece , of a dark, reddish, purple Colour, with a white Circle or bottom in the middle, and fome fmall threads therein: the Hlowérs being pajft, there ap- pears fmall round Heads, fomewbat longer than any of the ame: hinds of Beats Bars, foting upright upon their fmall foot Stalks, in which is contained Goal, round, and blackifh Seed.
VI. The Places. The native places of thefe
CHAP. Lx. BEETS Common and White.
The Virtues.
the Noftrilsit purges the Head and Brain of
tmatick and Serous Humors, and thetefore is
good againft Epilepfies, or aga Vertigo’s, Me- gtims and other Head Difeafes.
Xl. The Infpiffate Fuice. Diffolved in Red Wine, and ufed as the former, it is prevalent to all the fame Intentions, and againtt all the fame Difeafes: be- fides it ftrengthens the Stomach to a Miracle,
- KIL. The Effence. Jt has all the Virtues of the Expreffed Liquid and Infpiffate Juices: belides which takerevery day from ee iij. fpoonfuls in any pro- per Wine or other fit Vehicle, it prevails as a Vul- nefary potion for the Curing of all forts of new Wounds and old Ulcers, and is found to be a fingu- lar thing againtt the Palfie, dimnefs of Sight, and many other Difeafes of the Head, Brain, and
Nerves.
XIV. The Decottion in Wine, It is Vulnerary . taken Inwardly, opens Obftruftions of the Lungs, and cavfes free breathing, gives eafe in Gripings of the Belly,and the Bloody Flux; for which Difeafe, alfo in a Diarthza, and Lienteria, the Liguid, In- Spiffate Fucies and Effence are all profitable. "KV. The Oil. It ismade with Sallet Oil by boil- ing. It cures External Wounds, as Camerarius in his Hortus Medicus faith, tho’ of the Nerves to a Miracle; difcufles Swellings, eafes pain, and is
J. HE Names. This Plant is called by the Arabians, Decka, and Calab; by the Greci- ans, Tiraor, x2 Eetraov, ab impulfie quod facile excref- cat, becaufe it comes up in few days after the Sow- ing, and then grows very faft till it'comes to its big- nefs. In Latin, Beta, quoniam figuram itera B dum femine turget referre videtur, becaufe the figure of it being in Seed, is fomwhat like to the Greek Letter Beta, as Columella obferves. And in Engli/b, it is called, Beer, a Il. The Kinds. Diofcorides makes a White and a Black : So alfo Theopbraftus Hift. Plant. lib. 7. ae: . who fays, Candida fapore migra preQantior : Buin , Hib. 19. chap. 8. Beta A colore duo genera Gract faciunt, nigrum & Candidiw. ae is a
a =
Chap. 60. Lzghfb Herbs. Os Spikes {mall at their extremities, and bending down their Heads, and they clufter together in fhape like
almoft of the opinion that the Bleck Beet of the Ancients was that we now calt Our Red Beets: but Modern Authors have found out feveral other Kinds. As, 1. Beta viridis Communis, The Common Green Beet. 2. Beta alba, called alfo Candida & Pallef- cens, The White Beet. 3. Beta rubra wens cal- : led alfo nigra, &7 rubra vulgatior, The Red Beet. | has been found near the Salt Marfhes by Rochefter, 4. Beta rubra, called ee Beta Romana, Beta rubra | inthe Foot way going from the then Lady Levée/ons Rape radice, Rapum Rubrum, Rapum fativum Ru-| Houfé thither. The White Beet is faid to grow . brum, Beta nigra Romana, Beta erythrorrhizos, by | Wild upon the Sea Coaft of Tenet, and divers other Lug ue The Roman Red Beet. 5. BetaCreti-| places by the Sea. They delight to grow in fat and ca Spinofa, Prickly Beets of Candia. 6. Beta Sy/-| moift Ground, but are chiefly nourifhed up with us vejiris maritima, Sea Beets. 7. Beta Lucia Syriaca, | in Gardens. pane ellow Beets. 8. Beta platicaulos, Beta Cofta lata,| VI. The Times. They ought to be fown in the alba Lutea, aurea, rubcrrima, Italica, ficula, The | Spring : they flourifh and are green all the Summer yellow or flat Stalk’d Beet. OF all whi Kinds we | long, as alfo in Winter; and they Flower in the fhall only Treat of the firft Four in this Book, as inning of Fu/y, and the Seed is ripé in Aw- pelts Hoa) brisk gong 3 And of them, we | g/t. fall Difcourfé of the two firft Kinds in this Chap-| VII. The Qualities. They are Temperate in re- ter. : fpe& to heat and moifture ; and of a Nitrous Quali- IIL. The Defcription. Our Common Green Beet | ty, Abfterfive, a little Diuretick, Opening, Cepha- # almoft Like unto the White Beet, having a great | lick, and Hepatick; Prarmick, Alterative, and Alexi- long hard Root, of no ufe after Seed time, from| pharmick. whence fprings up acre large Leaves lying upon the Ground of a green Colour, amidft which rifes up a large green Stalk crefted, with fome. Branches and many Leaves thereon, almoft up to the Top. The Flowers grow in long Tufts or Spikes, fmall at the ends and turning down their Heads, and yielding | fe cornered Seed, taplafim. The Virtues.
X. The Liguid Fuice. It is Nitrous and cleanfing: ing taken vj. or viij.. at a time, ing | eo in Sa i
prickly Seed. V. The Places. The Green Beet Parkinfon fays
The Infpiffate Fuice, made with Vinegar in- tthe tice of = Hala, vot mt. the empl¢s, F ee & ft the ls . ations oF the Eyes, 40 aes with Qil Olive, is good againft .
urnings
XII. The Effence. It is good againft the Yellow Jaundice, opens Obftru&tions both of Liver and pe is good againft the Vertigo, and the Bitings of any Venomous Creature. It is good againft the Itch, the parts affected being bathed there with, and cleanfes Head of Dandriff, dry Scurff, Scabs, and heals fretting and running Sores, Ulcers and Her- Ps in the Head, Legs, or other Parts: it is alfo aid to cure BaldnefS, and hinder the falling of the Hair. Dofe 3. or 4. Spoonfuls or more.
XIL The Decotfion. If it is made with Equal parts of Water and Vinegar, it has all the Virtues of the Effence ; befides it prevails againft St. Az- thonies Fire, and all other Inflammations in any
Part.
XIV. The Errbine. It % made of the Liquid Fuice iv. ounces, Niter half an ounce mixed and difolved. Being fouft up the Noftrils it power- fully empties and cleanfes the Head and Brain of fuperfluous Humors which caufe the Apoplexy, Epilepfy, Vertigo, Megrim, Cephalalgia, Cephalza, Lethargy, Carus, and other like Diftempers of thofe Parts ; it alfo eafes the Tooth Ach, and pains in the Ears, and being outwardly apply’d, has all the Virtues of the Effence and Decoftion. :
XV. The Cataplafm. Made of the boiled Herbs with or without the Addition of a little Niter and Alum, and apply’4, it is good againft all forts of
es, Boils, Blains, and other eruptions of the Skin, as alfo forChilblains or Kibes whether
on Hands or Feet, {peeedily Curing them. CHAP.
i i
nN
IV. Our Common White Beet bas 2 long thick, great Root, and bard after bearing Seed, which en- dures all the Winter, and with its Leaves upon it, but perifbing commonly the fecond Winter. From whence comes forth great broad Leaves, fmooth and Plain, lying next the Ground; thefe fays Parkinfon,
row in bot Countries to be three Foot long and very broad, and in our Country they are very large but nothing near that de oa, and they are of a swhitifh green Colour. rom this Root rife up a Stalk great, firong, and Ribbed or Crefted, bearing great flore of Leaves upon it, almoft up to the very top: the Elowers grow along the Stalks in long tuffted
- .
ae
The Virtues:
CHAP. LXL BEETS Red.
thefe are more Aftringent or Binding ; and there- eau 8 HE Names. This Plant is called by the | fore, both the mer and Solid Fuices, the Effence Greeks, Teiraov tedes v: by the Latines, Beta
rubra, and Beta nigra: and by us in Exgiifh, The | fl Beet.
Il. The Kinds. It is the third Generick Kind, as is before declared.
Species of the | z move moift and ru foedations of the Skin. They are good againft the Bloody Flux, and other Fluxes of the Bowels, ftop the Whites in Women, and help the Yellow Jaun- dice, and this more Specially if daily pe for fome time mixed with a quantity of the Tinéture Mars,
CHAP. LxXIL BEETS Roman. .
oT E Names. This Plant is calléd in Greek, TEHtA0v pwicaixey: In Latin, Beta Romana, Ro- mana rubra, Rapofa, Beta rubra radice Rape, radice
rubra craffas and in Englifh, Roman Beet, Red Beet, and ot Beet.
IW) JS
Thee FA CSA SS
Ill. The Deftription. This Kind difers nothing from the former White Beet, but only that it is not fo great, and that both the Roots and aves are fome- what red: the Root is red > Spongy , and not ufed to be eaten. The Leaves are in fome more red than in others, which have but red Veins or Streaks in them ; in fome of a frefh red, in others of a very dark red, Streaked here. and there confufedly. The Howers and Seed differ little or nothing from the former. V. The Places. It grows where the former |. Brows, and with us are only brought up in Gar- ns. . V. The Times. They are Sowed in the Spring: endure all Summer, and fometimes all Winter , ower in Fuly, and the Seed is Ripe in Az- 74 =
VI. The Qualities. It is temperate as to heat and cold; and dry in the firft, fome think in the fecond Degree. It is Abfterfive, Aftringent, and Vutnerary : Cephalick, Splenetick, Nephritick, Hyfterick and Arthtitick, Alterative, and Analeptick. ;
VII. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing for {topping the Blood in any kind of Hemor- rhage.
Wk X\
Ill. The Defcriptions. It has a Root red as aie and as long and die as the greateft Carrot, pee re
both within and without,very fweet and good, fit to be eaten (which none of the former are) and JSome- times the Root is fhort like a Turnep, whence it took the Name Rapa and Rapofa: From this Root Springs up a Stalk, bigher than our Common Red tobich in its make and form of the Leaves, and proporti- on, differs little or nothing from the former, but me
lil. Ihe Preparations. "They are the fame with the former, as, 1. A Liguid Fue. 2 An In- Spiffate Fuice. 3. An Effence. 4: A Decottion. 5+ An Errbine. 6, A Cataplafm,
86 Salnions Herbal. Libs. ao __Salition's Herbal, Libel
Il. The Kind. It is our Fourth § ies of Beets, and a fingular Kind, age :
cold, and dry in the end of the firft Degree, Trau
Rou Red Florence.
Chap. 62. | Enghifb Herbs. 37
areof a better tafte, and of a red Colour like the | little Nitre) as alfo the Tinea, Alopecia, and other
former Beet. Gerard -fays, they are of a very red Colour,-and that they,-as well asthe Root, Stalk, and Flowers, are repleat* with a perfed purple Fuice, tending to Rednefs : the-middle-Rib of the Leaves is for the the moft part very broad and thick, like the middle part of the Cabbage Leaf, which is equal in goodne/s with Cabbage being boiled : the Flowers (ex- cepting the height of the Colour) and the Seed are all one with the former Gommon Red Kind. Gerard Says that in 1596.at grew with him to the height of viij. Cubits, which is xij. Feet, .and didbring forth its rough and unpleafing Seedweryjplentifully. With this Plant (fayshe) Nature feemso Play and Sport her felf : for the Seeds taken from that Plant, which was altogether of vone Colour, being Soon, do bring
forth Plants of manyandwariableGolours, very beau ‘Pepper, it n agreeable with the Stomach.
tiful. Nowif I may.bevdmittedito-render.a Reafon of this Variety, Ieameof ‘opimiomiriis from the differ: ing Soils in whith ‘they are 'Sown, sobich thing I have obferved in feveral other Plants, seven to admira-
tion. 5 i IV. The Places. Itis Originally a Foreign Plant, and brought to us-out of Isa/y, but now'is becom a free Denizon, or rathera"Native of our Country in which jt thrives as‘well as inany place of th World. It is nourifh’d with “ns only in Garden where it profpers very ‘well.
: hd a It rome ‘ the:latter ion Fune if the Seafon is warm, or beginning of 7x/y; and yields its ripe Seed in Augu/t. 4
VI. The Qualities. It is temperate as to heat an
matick, very Aftringent, and fomething Stypti withall , Gptenetick. and Hyfterick, Alterative and Analeptick.
VII. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing fo: {topping Hemorrhages.
Vu The Preparations. You may Prepare from it 1. A Liquid Fuice. AnInfpiffate Fuice. 3. An Effence. +4. ADectition, 5. A-Cataplifm. 6. A Saline Tinture.
| The Virtues.
IX. The Liquid Fuice. ‘Given'to ijj oriv.-ounces in ‘White Wine, ‘it is'good againft'the ¥éllow Jaun- dice: it ne s all apes of St cha ay
rts cauifing Spittings, Vomiting, or: 0 ; Petites whith itis admirable forthe ty a Dyfen- tery, and ‘other Fluxes of ‘the'Bowels, -very.much flengthening them.
X. The -lnfpiffete Fuice. Being reduced toPou- der, ‘and ‘ftrewed upon any bleeding’ Wound, it. fently ftops the bleeding. ‘So difo' being diffolved, ‘in Vinegar or Oxycraté, and then Stuphes'‘to be dipt‘in and apply’d. This Juice diffolved in Syrup ‘ Limons, “and ‘made intoa Lohoch, ‘is excellerttto ftrengthen. a Weak Stomach, ‘being fometimes taken with a Liquorice Stick.
XI. The Effence. Being taken‘daily with Tiniu- ra Martis, it powerfully opens-Obftra€tions of the Spleen: And being taken with Crocus Martis Aftrin-| gens it ly ftops the overflowing of the’
ourfes.
Juices and F = ES BES taken longer. Tt will be better e with Red Stiptick Wine, or with ‘the “KILL. The Caraplafm. YF it issmade of the raw got arly it removes Dandriff or the e Scurff, the place being fitft well rubbed with |
Sal Nitre; it alfo ‘ftops the {preading ‘of Sores, and’ ‘helps ‘Scald-Heads, (if mixed with
Scabs, ‘Itch, Scurff, Lice, Nits, €%c. Chilblains, Kibed Heels, the parts affetted being often foaked in‘the fame,
to adorn and furnifh out Difhes ‘being-as fweet and good as any Carrot: and if boil as Carrots, and eaten with Butter, Vinegar, Salt and
ill-natured' breakings out of thofe parts, which caufe the Hair to fall: Ifit ismade of the boiled Leaves, it is good againft em
tions, and other hot Tumors, Tubercles, Wheals and fuch “like, proceeding from Inflamed Blood and
Choler.
and Scaldings, Inflamma-
XIV. The Sahne Tinfture. Vt is good againft iff, Scales, Scurvey, Spots,
wafhed, and fometimes ‘well
XV. It is ufed (Imean the'Root) as a Saller, and of Meat yee
, it makes a moft admirable Difh, and very
CHAP. -LXUL. BELL-FLOWER Suwall.
L. SHE Names. Some: Authors will allow'this
‘Plant ‘no Greek Name, \but others firp-
-pofeit.to}be: thesfame:with ‘Diofcorides his Od 7evpes ;
t is called in Latin, Gompannia: ‘and in Engl,
Bell Flower.
“IL The Kinds. Authors make almoft.an Infinite
number of Kinds, amonglt whieh jae the Throat Worts, Campions, Rampions, and feveral other No- minals, fo that they tun iato -fo. bout them ‘that it is not ‘eafy to be fét right. To avoid therefore all this clutter and trouble, we fhall Treat o le oer ife pro itles ames they are beft ‘known b
and in thisand fucceeding | he of the Chief of thofe which are peculiarly called Be//-
t-Confufion a-
Denominated under their pter,difcourfe only ’ Flower.
08 Salmon’s Herbal, Lib. 1.
Of the Bell-Flowers of which we fhall| IL The Kinds. This is the fecond Species of our
Flowers.
i inci i i i i i fold. 1. Campanula take notice, there are two Principal Kinds, viz. 1, Generick Kinds, and is three-fo The Small Bell-Flower, of which we Treat in this perficifclia, the Peach-leav'd tee: 2« Campa- Chapter. 2. The Great Bell-Flower of which in| 7z/e lattefcens pyramidalis, Campanula major 3 the _ the next Chapter. Pyramidal milky Bellflower. 3. Viola Mariana, pus Soa Bells.
Il]. OF the Small Bellflower, we take notice of three kinds : 1. Campanula Cerulea vel Rotundifolia, Blew or Round-leav’d Bell. Hower. 2. Campanula al- ba, White Bellflower, 3. Campanula lutea, Yellow
Hower. oa a IV. The Defeription. The Blew or Round-leav’d
the tops, with many ver Small, long, narrow leaves, tobere the Howers fiand j L
Rampions, but of a pe ett blew colour, moft common- "Ly turning towards urple, and fometimes White, tho’ Seldom: after whieh follows fmall Seeds, in Small
long, fmooth, and of a ot hel og es ping flat ence rife
_ Brow at the ot of them of a Milk-white colour, ellow Bell-Hower i a uery beautiful Plant of an bandful bigh : It has roots “ike to the Blew or Round-leav'd ; sind e lea the fame, fave that thofe which lie next the ground
edges ; the Rowers in 4 ir way and manner of grow- __ ing, are like the Sormer, but differ only in the colour, seh Pein of a pale yellw. & j
‘a . wea They aig wild in moft 2 saat in England, ¢ peci upon barren fandy Heat and fuch other like ee j *
VIII. The Times. They flower all the Summer | oft times the beat and drought ‘of the Summor does long, fome continuing till the cold of Autumn makes | parc it, and caufe it to wither away : from whence them decay. Springs many Tufts or Branches of Leaves Lying up-
IX. The Qualities. "They are cold and dry in the| o the ground, which are long and narrow, much firft degree, of the nature of Ramplions : Aftringent, | ike to an Almond or Peach leaf, being Sinely nick'd Stomatick, and Alterative. | cout the edges, and of a fad green colour. From
X. Preparations. You may make therefrom, 1. 4 | among thefe rife up divers Stalks two foot high, or diftilled Water of the whole Plant. 2. A Catapla/m | more fet with Leaves to the middle ; and from thence of the Root,
alks, one above another, with a fmall af at the The Virtues, Soot of every one. The flowers fland in fmall green busks, Saal ound XI. The Diftitled Water. Tt is Good againft dif-| rhe brim, and ending in five corners, with a three colourings and deformities of the skin, cleanfing it, | forked Clapper _in the middle, fet about with fome and making the face very clear and fair. Small threads tipt with Yellow, which Rowers in fome Il. The Cataplafm. The Toots beaten into a Mafs, | Plants are pure White, but in others of a pale Blew and made into ‘a taplafm, with Meal of Ly ins | or Watchet colour, having little or no {cent at all: and Vinegar, is teftri€tive, abates the Milk in Wo.
mens Breafts, takes away {pots and marks of the| or Seed-Veffels. =, Pot skin, and removes many other of its deformities. IV. The Lattefcens Pyramidalis zs @ great Bell- flower, whofe Root is thick and whitifb, yielding more
Store of Mlk, being broken, ( as the Leaves and
ho eo Stalks alfo do) than any other of the Bell-Howers, every one of which do yield Milk, bers more, fome
4 B Oy &. LXI V. lefs : From this Root rifes divers talks, a yard high,
or better, on which &70w divers mooth, dark, green
Sy Leaves, broad at the bottom, and {mall at the point, BELL FLOWE R Great, Somewhat unevenly notch’ about the edges, ppc
LY HE Names. It has no known Greek Name: | The Flowers are Blew, and in fome White, not fa
the Latins call it Compania, and Campanula Sreat or large ay the Sormer, but near of the fame Lflower, fahion, Srowing thicker, and more blentifully sage ther,
magna: in Englifh, Great Be
Chap. 65.
Engh Hlorbs: ie
3g
ther, w.th {maller Leaves among them, bufhing thick below, and rifing fmaller and thinner up to the Top like a Pyramis, or Spire Steeple.
bell flower ike nly ,
PN? ) SK )) 7 NT)
|: — an
V. Coventry Bells # a Plant which bas a White
®
me
but the next year when it runs up to Seed, it grows ° hard and perifhes. From bence fpring up Leaves of a pale or frejh green colour, lopg and narrow next * to the bottom,-and broader from the middie to the end, fomewbat round pointed, a little hairy all over; and dented about the edges. The next year afier the Sowing, rife up Stalks, Jomething hairy alfo, and branching forth from the Root into divers Arms, up* on which grow feveral Leaves, fmdller than the for- mer, and of a darker green color. At the end of every Branth fland the Flowers in greefi busks, from: whence come large, round, bellow Bells, fwelling out in the middle, and rifing fomewhat above it, like the. neck of a Put, and then ending in five Corners, which are either of a fuir or faint White, or gf a pale blew Purplifh colour, and fometimes of a deeper Purple or Violet. ‘The Flowers being paft, there grows up great, fquare; or corner’d Seed-veffels, in which are contained in five feveral Cells, or Divifions, fmall, hard, brown, fhining flat Seed.
V1. The Places: All thefe grow with us in Gar- dens, where they até brought up for the beauty of their Flowers. The Coventry Bells, Ray fays, grow in Woody aid Mountainous places; and Gerard fays, in dark Valleys, under Hedges, among Buthes, more efpecially about Coventry, whence the name, and where they grow very plentifully abroad in the fields, but are alfo with them Nurfed up in Gar- dens, as they are witli us in Losdon, which plea- faht Be//-flower, is kept chiietly for its beauty fake, though its Root is alfo eaten as Rampions are. The firft of them alfo requires to be planted in fha¢ dy vos
IJ. The Times. Thefe plants are to be conti- nued by fowing them every other year. They flowet generally all the Summer Months ; but the Peach- /eav’d flower for the moft part ¢arlier, than the others: TH Cotieutry Bells flowet in Fune, Fuly, and Auguft, and the Seed ripens in the mean Sea- fon, in regard they bring not forth their flowers all at once, but as fome flower, others feed.
VIII. The f wareas They are cold and dry in’ the firft degree, Aftringent, Traumatick, Vulnerary, Sto- matick, and Alterative.
IX. The Preparations. You may make thereof; 1. An expreffed Fuice of the whole Plant. cottion thercof in Wine. 3. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues,
X. The Expreffed liquid Fuice. Being bathed up- on any Inflamed Part,it dhates the Inflammation, and {tops the fluxion. And if‘ a little Alum and Honey is diffolved therein, it makes d good Lotion for old Sores, running Ulcers, and a virulent Gonorrhea in Man or Woman. > XL. The Decodion in Wine. It makes an extra- ordinary Gargle for a fore Mouth and Throat, in- Hammation of the Uvula and Almonds, more efpe< cially if a little Alum and Honey be alfo diffolvet therein.
XU. The Cataplafm. It allays Inflatnmations, ea- fes Pain, and reprefies thé Flux of Humois.
CHAP. LXV. BE FON Y¥ Wood,
L* 7° HE Names. It is called by the Arabiané, Chaftra: by the Greeks, Kisesy, 4 Yuxbrergers
being young as in the firft year Sowing, |by the Latins, Betomica: and by us Engijh, Ee~ / Shen eaten as other Rampions are; tony.
ae I. Phe
9; As Gee:
go Salmon’s Herbal.
il. Ihe Kinds. There are two principal kinds thereof, 1. Kicesy, Betonica, Betony , which is that of the Wood : it is twofold, viz. either with Pur- ple Hewers, which is moft common ; or with White : which two kinds differ nothing one from another, but only in the colour of the Flowers. 2. Betonica Aquatica, Water Betony, of which in the next Chap- ter.
7 - a >.1a
ari
=>
SE Gay 3)
Yl. The Defcription. Wood Betony bas a Root confifling of many white, thready ficings like unto thofe of Plantane, which generally endures all the Winter ; from whence rifes many Leaves, the lower- moft whereof are fomewhat broad, and roundih at the ends, flightly indented about the edges, and ftand ve on pretty long bal : but thofe which grow by two and two at the Foints upon fmall flender four Square and fomewhat hairy Stalks, are much leffer. The Stalk is for the moft part near a Foot high, and Sometimes higher, and perifhes every year, upon which grow fome Leaves, and whereon are fet feve- ral {piked heads of Hlowers, of a Redifh or Purple colour, fpotted with white {pots all over. ‘The Seeds are longifh and uneven, and of a blackifh colour.
IV. That with White Flowers % wholly like to the former, fave that the /piked beads of Flowers are Somewhat fmaller, the Flowers without any poet in them, and the Leaves fomething greener. ere ts alfo a Mountain Betony, which differs nothing from the firft, but that the Leaves, Stalks and Flowers are {maller. There is a Broad Leav’d Betony, which differs not from the firft, but in the Leaves, being two or three times as big, a larger and higher Stalk, and the Flowers being larger , this 7s called Betonica Danica. A//o Betonica Alopecuros, Fox-
Lik
ral times found in, and by the Borders of Hornfey
Wood, not far off the New River. That with the other are alfo nourifhed up in Gardens.
VI. The Times. They tower for the moft part in the Months of Fume and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe not long after.
VII. ‘The Qualities. They are hot and dty in the fecond degree ; Abfterfive, Digeftive, Difcuffive, Ip. carnative, and Vulnerary ; Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Cardiack, Hyfterick, Arthritick, Alteras tive, and Analeptick.
VIN. The Specification. They are peculiar a Difeafes of the Head and Nerves, as Falling.
a as Palfies, Gouts, Madnefg, &c,
IX. The Preparations. You may make ther 1..A liquid Fuice by Expreffion. 2. A Decofion, 3. A Wine. 4. A Vimegar. 5. A Syrup. 6. 4 Spiritous Tintture. 7. An Oily Tinéure. 8. A Sa- line Tintture. 9. An Acid Tinfture. 10. An Ef~
Jence. 11. Afixed Salt. 12. An Ointment. 13.4
Balfam. 14. A Cataplafm. | The Virtues. -
X. The liquid Fuice by Expreffion, being drunk to fix or cight {poonfuls it is good againft Fits, chiefly the Falling-ficknefs, Convulfions, and the like ; and being mixed with a little pouder of Sena, it prevails againft Madnefs : being fnuffed up the Noftrils, it purges the Head of Flegm, and Cold Humors, and gives elief in the Apoplexy, Palfie, Le and other like Difeafes.
I. ‘The Decotfion. If made with Wine, it is Sto- matick and Cephalick, comforts the Nerves and Brain, reftefhes the Spirits, opens Obftructions of Liver and Spleen, and is faid to kill Worms, eafe the Gripings of the Bowels, and the Colick. Dofe. half a pint.
XI. The Vinegar. It is Stomatick, and being drunk to half a pint, or three quarters of a pint, it is faid to cure Quartan Agues, and abate the Hu- mors which fall into the Eyes, and caufe Blind-
nefs.
XIII. The Syrup. It is Pe€toral, and caufes an Expectoration of Flegm, and other tough Vifcous Humors out of the Lappets of the Lungs, and other
laces adjacent. It may be taken with a Liquorice
ck.
XIV. The Spirituous Tinfure. It is a notable Medicine againft all cold and moift Difeafes, of the Head, Brain, Nerves and Joints ; is good againft Epilepfies, Apoplexies, Convulfions, Palfies, Pains and Aches of thofe parts ; Gouts, and WeaknefS of the Joints,€'c. Dofe from half'an ounce to fix drams, in fome fit Vehicle. 2
XV. The Oily Tinfure. This is of chief ufe for external Applications, and is profitable to be anoin- ted upon any pained place, proceeding from Cold, Blows, Bruifes, or other weaknefles of the Limbs and Joints: being bathed upon the Head, it eafes the Head-ach, Megrim, and other like Difeafes.
XVI. The Saline Tinfure. Outwardly bathed upon the Joints, it prevails againft the Gout, and other pains of the Limbs, Palfies, Convulfions, or
{hrinking of the Sinews : drunk in White Wine from
one dram to.two drams, it is good againft the Jaun-
tail Betony, fo called from the form of the /piked | dice and Dropfie, and_opens .Obftru€tions of the
head of flowers, but is every way lefs, as alfo are the Stalks and Leaves. V. The Places. The common fort is ufually found
out the Kingdom, and is many times nurfed up in
Gardens : but that with the White Flower is more | of the greateft Stomaticks in the World, and is an ufvally found in ftiff Clay Grounds, and in the | excellent thing to ftrengthen the Head, Stomach, and Womb, to help Digeftion, caufe a good Ap pe-
Woods by Bromly ig Kent. The firft I have feve-
Reins : and given to Children from a f{cruple to a
dram, it kills Worms, and is good againft the Ric-"
Kets, and expels Sand and Gravel in Reins, Ureters,
". inWoods and Cop/es, and other fhady places through- j and Bladder.
XVII. ‘The Acid Tinfure. This pofibly is one
af
> a
ote ee ee
Chap. 66.
tite, open Obftructions of the Vi/cera, and to cure
oe
“a ; <4) eae aa , b fd
rife up fomewbat like Fig-wort, but generally higher
Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, Shortnefs of Breath, | /ysere, hard, and green, fometimes brown, fet wit?
{top inward Bleedings, and to remove Catarrhs, which fall upon the Lungs. Dofe, a quarter of a Spoonful, more or fefS, in a Glaf$ of Generous
ine. XVIII. The Effence. Taken inwardly two or three,
or more Spoontuls at a time, Morning and Evening, it is or againft the Jaundice, Falling-ficknets, Convulfions, Megrim, Vertigo, Stuftings of the Lungs, Griping pains of the Bowels, and Wind Coliek ; it opens the Womb, and provokes the Terms in Wo- men when ftopt. It isa famous Traumatick, or Vulnerary, caufing a fpeedy healing to old Sores, Running Ulcers, and the like ; and given to Women in Travel, it eaufes fpeedy Delivery, and gives eafe in the After pains, which many times come through taking cold: XIX. The fixed Salt. Given to one feruple with a little Juice of Limons and Cons it ftops Vomit- ing ; = a with earn of a4 Cherries, it rovokes Urine, removes of the Urinary arts, and expels Sand; Gases as other Tartarous and Vifcous Matter. _XX.. The Ointment. It eafes Pains and Aches, difcuffes Tumors, ‘relaxes fhrunk Sinews ; diffolves
Congelations, and is good aint Indurations of | Cancerous.
what kind foever, except
, t isan excellent “oe for the curing of Green Wounds, in any part of the Body, but chiefly of the Nervous Parts. It Digefts, Cleanfes, Incarnates, Cicatrizes, and heals Wounds of all forts after an admirable manner ; and in many cafes the Cure in a few days time ; dref-
the Wound with it twice a day. The a Made of the green Her and applied to the Head, it eafes the Head-ach a Megnim in an hours time: applied to hard Tumors, it foftens them, and difcuffes the Humors gathered together in Contufions, where no Bones nor Veflels
. are broken. Applied to inveterate Scabs, it removes
them, qualifies the fharp
Humors, and in a {hort time after cures them.
CBU. LXVI. Water BE TON Y.
1 HE Names. It knows no Greek Natne:
but it is called in Latin by Dodonews, Ge- rard, Lobel, Lugdunenfis, Parkinfon, Tabernmon- tanus, and Turner, Betonica Aquatica, and Aquati- lis. Tragus makes it his greater Ocimaftrum : Tha- fius calls it Scropbularia major aquatica : fo alfo Baubinus : We in Englifh call it Water Betony, and fome Brown-wort ; but this Name is more proper for the Scrophularia major.
Il. The Kinds. It is the fecond Species of the Genetick ; and is alfo either the Greater, or the Lef- fer: the Greater is called in Latin and Englifh, as aforefaid ; the Lefer is called by Lobe/, Betonica eee minor : Camerarius,in his Epitome of Mat- thiolus, calls it Scropbularia femina : and in Englifh,
boa Betony the leffer, Brook-Betony, and Bi/hops- eaves.
Ill. The Defeription. The Greater has a Root con- fifting of a thick bujh of firings and threads proceed-
‘ing from a bead , or of a great number of Fibrous firings, which being faftned to the bottom of the Stalk, feeds it with nourifhment in Summer, at ibe end of “which time it perifhes. Erom this Root the Stalks
dark, broad, green Leaves, fo very like unto thofe of Fig-wort, that they have been often miftaken one for another, being aljo dented about the edges, but with rounder Notches 3 by the careful os whereof, they may be diftinguifhed , and in that refpett fome- thing refembling Wood Betony Leaves, bat of a larger fize, and two for the moft part fet ata joint. At the tops of the Branches, as alfo at the Fonts, where the Leaves come out from the middle of the Stalk upwards, come forth many round bellied Flowers,which being per- fettly blown, are open at the brims, but divrded into two parts, the uppermoft like a hood , the lowermoft like a lip hanging down, of a dark red color : which. being paft away, there comes round beads with small gene in the ends, containing fmall and brownyh ce
Aff Cline Sei pir,
> Le ~~
IV. The Leffer kind bas thready Roots almoft like the formers differing only in fmalnefs : the Stalks are fquare and gretn ; the Leaves round almoft, but yet pointed, and of the ‘po dark green colour, and the Flowers are of a fad red or purple. In a word, this as in all things like the former, fave only in the magnitude , this being lower and leffer by three parts in four.
V. The Places. The firft grows in England as frequently as any Herb whatever, by Brooks, Banks of Rivers, and other Water-courfes ; but is feldom found far from the Water-fide, unlefSit has been planted in a Garden. The other is found in like places in Germany near Bafi/; and grows alfo with us, if planted in Gardens. é
VI. The Times. They flower in Fuly and Axuguff, and their Seed is ripe in a little time after.
VIL Fhe Qualities. They are hot and dry in the end of the firft degree, or beginning of the fecond : they are Aftringent, Abfterfive, Digeftive, Trauma- tick, and Vulnerary : Peftoral, Hepatick, Splene- tick, Hyfterick, and Arthritick , Alterative, and Ana-
leptick. zs N32 VU. The
FSA RES oe
——"— +s. Se
CHAP. LXVIL BIFOIL, o TWA-BLADE.
IY HE Names. It was not known to the Greeks, unlefS the ‘Opes of P/iny be it, which fome Herborifts believe, and therefore call this Plant by: that name : in Latin ir is alfo called Ophris and Bifolium : and in Englifh, Bifoil or Twablade. IL Powe Kinds. There are a a bp VIE. I. is feu Bifolium, fylveftre vulgare, Common Wort Bifoil or tr 2. Bifolium Paluftre, Marfh Bifoit. .
Ill. The Defeription. Ir has g Roet fomewhat Sweet, with a bead or top fomewbar thick ( which Some call a Bulbe ) fhooting many long Fibres down- wards, from which Root rifes up a round green Stalk, bare or naked next to the bround, for an Inch, two, or three, to the middle theréof, as the Plant is in age and growth, as alfo from the middle upwards unto the Flowers, having only two broad and Short ribbd pale green or hoary Leaves, very like unto Plantane leaves, but whiter, and fet at the middle of the Stalk, one on each fide, and encompaffing it at bottom : fometimes it will bave three leaves, but is moré rare 5 and this fome account to be a different Sort, but is rather to be looked upon to be lufus Na- ture, im ground which abounds with too much nourifh- ment, the which happens alfo to many other Plants; (as in Herb Paris, which bas fometimes Jive, fix or Seven leaves, and fometimes it wants a leaf of its or- dinary number being but ‘, and in common Tre- Soil, which ufually bas but three leaves, yet often- times four are found upon feveral Stalks, &c.) the Flowers at top of the Stalks, are ina Spiked head, and they are many, Small, long, whiti~h green, and almof? Shapelefs bodies, fomewhat like unto Some of the Or- chides or Vulgar Satyrions : thefe palfing away, there remains {mall heads, with a kind of duft in them, which is accounted to be the Seed.
IV. The Marth Bitoil has a Root which runs or creeps im the Earth, and the whole plant is fo st-
alfo, 2. In the Greennéfs, the other being of amore hoary White. 4. In the {pike of Flowers, which al: ‘though of the Pye fafbion or colour, or very near, ! eee are lefs by far. ;
d
€ other grows not only in the low wet grounds between Huifield and St. Al bans, but alfo in divers places in Rumney Mar/h. VI. The Times. They flower for the moft pagt in May, and fo continue to the middle or end of Func; and then wholly wither away, and are gone in
“Lys : ; VII, The Qualities. They af icant in their
IX, Te Payton Thefe may be made fori it: 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Efence 3: A De= cottion in Wine: 4: A Poder. 5. An Ointment: 6. A Balfam, % A Cataplafin: “s
X. The liquid Fuice. If mixt with Nitré, it ale lays Inflamations; and gives eafe in the Gour; fo alfo if mixed with Vinegar. ere
XL. ‘The Effence. It is Glutinous, and heals Wounds ¢ if fimple ) by wafhing them therewith s more efpecially if at time of uling it is mixed with : third part of Wine, or Spirit o Wine ; it prevails alfo ia ;Ruptures,
XU. The Decoltion. I is of admirable ufe in diz lacerated Contufions, fot it draws forth the. fcar- tered and bruifed Blood, cleanfes the Wound, and difpofes it to healing: ©
Ill. The pouder of the Leaves; It difpofes gteen wounds to healing, drys and heals,
XIV. The Ointment. It fofiens, gives eafé in pain; and cleanfes Wounds without any fharpnefs, whe= ther new or old: and is of good ufe in Ruptures.
XV. The Balfam. It cures all fim le wounds commonly at one dreffing, and if they be contufed and dilacerated, it digefts them, cleanfes them, and after an admirable manner fpeedily heals them.
XVI. The Cataplofn. Xt difcuttes foft Tumors, and Contufions, where the skin is not broken : and applied upon an old open Ulcer, caufes a feparatioi of the Stuff ftom the quick flefh, and difpofes it tor healing, to be accomplifhed by other proper Me- icines,
CHAP. LXVIIE BIN D-WEED Common.
I. HE Names: It is €alled in Greek, by Gas len, and Paukuys Agineta, Zuiaak ada: in Lee
tin, Smilax levis; itis called Levis or Smooth, be= caufe the Stalks and Branches have no prickles at all Pliny lib. 21. cap. 5. calls it Convolvulhs, and ‘ &ae
) Salmon’s Herbal 04. | almons s7é70da. = ou : Campanella, Convolvulus albus, alfo Funis Arborum: bigger, running much under ground, and fhooting others call it Volubilis, alfo Volubilis communis: and{ forth again in feveral places: it lives under ground’ in Englifh, Bindweed, White Bindweed, and the| 2/ Winter, and fhoots forth a fréfh every Spring, reater Bindweed. and yelds Milk, being broken. From this Root brine “p flender winding Salks, which ran up, and wind themfelves upon bedges, bufhes, or what 1s next it to ‘catch bold of ; and if there is nothing for it to climb upon, # runs it felf along upon the ground, efpecial: ly on the banks of dry ditches. The Leaves are di- vers and large, growing feverally on the Stalks, fome- what long, and pointed at the further end, and parted into two parts or points at the broad part next to the Stalk, making it feem almoft three fquare, being Smooth, and of a pale. green colour, yielding -a milk, being broken, but not fo plentifully as Scammony. At the Foints with the Leaves towards the tops the Branches come forth large White Flowers, in fa- Shion of a Bell, without any cut or divifion in them, which being paffed off, there comes forth round skin- Husks, or Heads, containing within them many mall blackifh Seeds, and almoft three cornered. This Great Bind-weed #% fo dike unto Scammony, that at 2 the largenefs of the Roots, and the grea- ter in part from the Climate, one would think it to be one of the kinds of Scammony, whofe many flender winding Stalks run up, and wind bem felors upon whatever flands next, or near to them.
vy) [iy 7
ee
Sf YI! 2 |
Gr. Bind weed common.
Il. The Kinds. Of the Bind-weeds we have to treat of in this Work, there are chiefly three, 1. The Common great Bindweed, as alfo the Left aforenamed of which in this Chap. 2. The /effer Blew Bind-weed. 3. The Black Bind-weed. Of which in the two next.
<P \\ 'F, a : Bw J Wyerr
: Bind roeed Comnton Smal
IV. The Leffer is like the Greater in moft re- JSpetts, except the Magnitude.
V. The Places. It grows throughout this King- dom, near hedges and dry ditches, and other like laces. ‘ VI. The Times. It Flowers with us in Fune, Jus and Auguft; and the Seed is ripe in fome time afterwards. ie VII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the firft i Vulnerary, Arthritick, and a little Cathar-
tick. VIII. The Specification. Tt is pecnliar for wafting and difcuffing Tumors. . IX. The Preparations. You may make there- from, 1. Thé infpiffate Juice. 2. The liquid Fuice. 3. The pouder oF the Leaves, Flowers, and Roots, or
KASS
II. The Defcription. The Root # whitifh and} of the infpiffate Fuice. 4. The Balfam, 5. Ib
JSrall, of the largenefs of Quitch-grafs, or fomething | Cataplafm. 6. The Diftilled Water,
Lib.
orce in purging, which may both of them proceed —
| Chap. 69.
The Virtues.
Exglifh Herbs.
White, or has Plaits purplifh, but lefs, made of one
leaf plaited as it were into five folds, and openin wide at the Brims : after which come fmail Hackifh
X. The infpiffate Fuice. Being diffolved in Wine, } Seed, contained in fmall, long and round beads,
it makes an excellent Wafh to cleanfe old Sores,
filthy, putrid, and running Ulcers, and hollow Fi- }
ftula’s, inducing them to a fpeedy cure.
XL Tho liquid Fuice. Mixt with Red Wine, it is avery good thing for a_fore Mouth, and is of ufe to heal Cankers in the Mouths of little Children : and if Childrens Feet, who are ufually troubled with Chilblains or Kibes, be wafhed often herewith,
it ray Se . “II. Pouder of the Roots, Leaves, Flowers, ot infpiffate Juice. It admirably cleanfes and heals oid, rotten, and’ ftinking Ulcers : and where the Bone has been putrified, it has perfectly cleanfed the Ulcer, dried the Bone, and in a little time fca- led it, and afterwards by the continual application, St has covered it with Flefh, incarnated the Ulcer, and in a little tine healed it : I {peak this by great experience: One time_it happened, that a Youth who had Kibes in his Feet, and fo much corrupted, that the Bone it felf was putrified ; y the fole ap- lication of this pouder, dry, upon the Icer, I clean- fea it, fcaled the Bone which was black, and after- wards incarned and healed the Ulcer, beyond the expectation of any one that then faw it.
SOIL The Balfam. Xt is fingular good for the cu- ring of Wounds, but chiefly of old and putrid UL- cers, and efpecially of thofe Ulcers which arife from Kibes in Childrens Feet, or from Tumors in the Kings-Evil.
XIV. The Cataplafm. Being made of the green Herb, and ape to the grieved place, it waftes, diffolves, or difeufles Tumors or Swellings, as Ga- jen faith: I know it to be excellent to difcufs Chil- blains in Childrens Feet.
XV. The Diftilled Water. It is a good Cofme- tick, and as fome fay, e againft Freckles, Pim- ples, Scurf, and other efilements of the Skin: it gakes away Tanning, Sunburning, and rednets of the Face and Hands: and this it does more efpecially, if St is mixt with a finall quantity (fome fay, equal parts) of Vinegar, or Juice of Limons.
CHAP. LXIX. The Leffler BLE W BINDWEED.
1 HE Names. It is talled in Latin, Convol-
vulus minor, and Volubilis minor, to which they add Purpureus, becaufe of the Purple color of the Flower: And in Englifh, Bindweed the lefer, and. Blew or Purple Bindweed.
Il. The Kinds. ‘There are feveral Species of it, as, 1. Convolvulus minor vulgaris, The Common Small Bindweed. 2. Althea foliis, Mallow leav'd. 3. Pur- pureus, Purple Bindweed. 4. Ceruleus Hifpanicus, BlewSpanifh Bindweed. 5. Convolvulus Spice foliis, Lavender leav'd Bindweed : of all which in order.
Ill. The Defeription. Ir bas a Root fmall and flender, running both very deep into the ground, and Spreading alfo far about, efpecially where the ground zs loofe and mellow : From this Root comes Stalks, which rife up and wind themfelves upon any thing which is near it, but otherwife ufually [preads every way on the Earth, with long trailing and winding Branches, one within another, having Leaves there- on; fomewhat like unto the greater White Bindweed } but much leffer: The Flower is for form, like the for- mer White Bell-flower, aud # fomctimes wholly
;
IV. The Mallow leav’d bas a fmall and brown Root, creeping under ground, se Shooting rab ches in diftant places : From this Root {prings bran- tes, which fm not high, nor climb much upon an ing, but for the moft part lyes with its Small, fen
er, hairy twigs upon the Earth, having divers leaves very
~~} Tt
Po
96 Salmon’s very thinly, or broad Sed long, like unto the leaves of Marfh-mal- fows, but {maller, crumpled, and cut in on both fides, at the lower ends, dented about the edges, and of a hoary or dufty grayifh green Color, which when they are cleared, are clammy, or fticking like Gum to the Teeth, foarp, and Jomewhbat bitter in tafte. The Flowers come forth one by one at the Foints with the Leaves, all along the Stalk, up to the top, every one upon a long Stalk, which are very like the former, juft before defcribed , they confit of one whole leaf, yet plaited as it were before the opening into five Plaits, and being open, have five corners, as if it had Jive leaves; broad like a Cup or Bell at the brims, and Small at the bottom, of a fine pe Purple color, and Sometimes deeper, after which come Si Leads of Small Seed.
V. The Small Purple Bindweed, # in all things like unto the firft of thefe defcribed in this Chapter, Saving that the Howers are of a pale purplifh, or blemifh color, the folds being White, or of a deeper Purple without, and White within, the bottom being alfo agreeable therewith, which is of much beauty.
VI. The Spanifh Blew Bindweed,has a fmall threa-
Bs Root, which dies every Year, from which fhoots} 0
rth feveral {mall Branches a yard long, or more, having feveral Leav-s ftanding fingly thereon, fmall and long at the bottom, and broader, and almoft round at the end, a little hairy as it were, all over. At every leaf for the moft part, from the middle of the Stalks upwards, comes fan a Flower, like unto the common fort, folded into five plaits, which opén into So many corners, of a moft admirable Sky colored Blew ( fo pleafant to behold, that it amazes the {peHa- tors ) with White bottoms, pointed upwards, and Yel- lom in the middle, which paffing away, there comes Small, round white heads, containing within them, Small blackifh cornered Seed, which is to be new fown oo Tear.
{l. The Lavender leav’d, This is like the firf? in all things, except the Leaves, which are long and nar- row, refembling thofe of Lavender, or Linaria: But it has a finer Hower, plaited or folded in the compafs of its Bell very orderly, efpecially before the Sun rife, for afterwards, when it opens its felf, tbe folds are not fo much perceived , and it is of a deep Pur- ple color : the Seed i not unlike the reft, corner'd and flat, growing out of flender Branches, which fland upright and thick together, proceeding from a White woody Rovr.
VIE. The Places. The Firft of thefe is common, and grows almoft every where in Fields, By-ways, dry Ditches, Ditch banks, and Hedge fides, through England. he Second and Fourth grow in Spain, and are nourifhed up with us in Gardens. The Third and Fifth are.common with us in England : This Fifth or laft, Gerard fays he found it growing in the Corn Fields about Great Dunmow in Effex, in fuch abundance, that it does much hurt to the Corn, and Parkinfon fays, it is as great a plague to the Fields where it grows, as the firft is.
iX. The Times. They all Hower from May to the end of Augu/?, and the Seed ripens gradually in the mean Seafon.
X. The Qualities. They are all mach of a Na- ture, being hot and dry in the firft Degree, a little Aftringsnt, Vulnerary, Arthritick, and Alterative.
XI. Fhe Preparatiens. You may have, 1. A &- "quid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Pouder. 4. A Balfam. §. ACataplafm. 6. A Diftilled Water.
Fhe Virtues.
XIL. The /iguid Fuice. Being often fnuffed up the Noftrils till ic comes out again at the
Mouth, | Bizdweed, of Englifh Growth.
Herbal. Lib.
reing’y fet on them, Y late it cleanfes and heals Running Sores or Ulcers in
thofe parts : And if a little Nitre is diffolved in ir, it purges the Head and Brain. XIU The Effence. It has the fame Virtues, but is more Difcuffive, and Sh boots for the cleanfing of Ulcers, and healing of Wounds. XIV. The Powder. Strewed upon a foul Ulcer, it
cleanfes it ( if alfo wafhed with the Effence ) and
afterwards it incarnates and heals. XV. The Balfam. It is an excellent Vulnerary
and cures fimple Wounds many times at once dref-
XVL The Cataplafm. Made of the Green Herb, it difcuffes Tumors, and applied upon Contufions
difperfes the Humors gathered together. VII. The Diftilled Il Water. ft
Ifyou diffolve alit-
tle Sa/ Prunella, or Nitre in it, it is good againft
Heats and Breakings out in the Face, pe
Sun-burnings, Pimples, Scurf; and other like De-
formities.
CHAP. LXx. BINDWEED Black.
itt TT \ Ww : Dm) Fe SN
~
I. HE Names. It is fuppofed to be called in
Greek ‘Enkivn xiccdumaG@- : In Latin, Helxine Ciffumpelos, Convolvulus minor niger , Lobel calls it Cifjempelos altera atriplicis effigie : Dodoneus calls it, Convolvulus niger : Thales calls it, Volubilis me- dia five nigra: Collumna calls it, Polygonum Hede- raceum : Cordus on Diofcorides takes it to be Ela- tine: And wAngulara will have it to be Centunculus Pliny : in Englifh, Black Bindweed.
Il. The Kinds. There is, 1. The Common Black Bindweed, which though it is one of the {mall Bind- weeds, yet is the greater of the Black. pelos altera Anglica minima, The
2. Giffam- whe
UL The
we eng
a. o
Chap. 7 28 Engli h
orbs: oF
IJ. The Defcription. It bas a Root fmall and flender, perifhing every Year, and rifing again from the Seed every Spring, unle/s it be weeded out of the Garden. From this Root i up Branches, which if they meet not with upright tall Herbs, or other things whereon it or eg , it rifes up but a little height, and leans down again to the ground, but otherwife if it meets with fit things, on which it may cling, it will wind it felf with its long, flender, red- difp, thready Branches about them, to the beight of
three or four Feet, or more, hooting forth its Leaves}
fingly at the Foints as the others do, either fome- what like to an Axxrach leaf, or almoft like the Fae funall field Bindweed, or like the leaf of Black Brio- ny, for of thofe kinds there are, but much fmaller. The Flowers, Gerard fays, are fmall, like thofe of the Asrach , avd Parkinfon [% they are very fmall, and many, flanding together upon a fmall long Stalk, which comes from the Joint where the feat ftands, and are of a reddifh green color, but fo fmall, that they are oftentimes not taken notice of, and they fo ickly fade, that they are fearce lowers being gone, then comes the Seed, which is Small, blackifh, and three cornered, like, but lefs than that of Buck Wheat.
IV; The fmalleft kind of Black Bindweed, differs from the former only in the Magnitude, this rifing not above a band breadth bigh.
V. The Places. They grow in many places of this Kingdom, both in Fields and Gardens, where they grow asa Weed. The Jarger of them is not only a hurtful Weed, but of an ill fimell, and too often found among{t Corn. .
VI. The Times. They flower in May, Fune, Fuly and Awguff, and the ripens in the mean Sea- fon, ina little time after the Flower is gone.
The Qaalities. They are hot and dry in the ulnerary, Arthritick and
firft Degree, Difcuffive, Solutive. ;
VIIL The Preparations. You may make thereof, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Balfam. 4. ACataplafm. 5. A Diftilled Water.
The Vertuési
1X. The liquid Fuice. It is made of the Leaves only, and if it is taken inwardly 3 or 4 ounces at a time, sr and opens the ily very much.
X. The Effence. It has the fame Virtues to loofen the Belly ; befides I have heard it confirmed from Experience, that it is prevalent againft the King’s
XI. The Balfam. \t is cir good for healing green Wounds, and to cleanfe Old Ulcers, and Run- ing Sores, and to cure Kibes in Childrens heels. mai The ay rar made of the Green Leaves. Ic diffolves and ifcuffes Tumors or Swellings, and hard Lumps in the Flefh, as Galen fays: and if mixed with a little Nitre, it allays Inflammations. XIII. The Diftilled Water. Icis good againft Pim- ples, Scurf, Freckles, Tannings, Sun-burnings, and other deformities of the Skin ; more efpecially it a little Vinegar, or Juice of Limons is mixed with it.
7 CHAP. LXXh BINDWEED Sea.
LP HE Names. I carmot find that the Greeks knew any thing of it : The Latins call it Soldanella, and Soldana, Convoloulus Marinus, and
E pet! Marina ( from the refemblance of the
ves: ) And we in Englifh only Sea Bindweed, and
regarded : The}
Sea Bells, or Bellflower. 1 know that Matthiolus, Cordus, Gefner, Camerarius, Dodoneus, and others;,- call itBra/ica Marina,butit is no fuch thing, for tha¢ is clearly another Plant. ay Il The Kinds, There are three Kinds thereof; 1. Soldanella, Sea Bindweed, properly fo galled: », Soldanella Maritima major, the Greater Sea Bind: weed: 3/ Soldanella Alpina, Mouatain Soldanella:
a yy A
—— ——
AY \ or Seldariella
Ill. The Deftription. The fr, of thefe bas a Root fall dnd long, fpreading a little in the ground, and frootihg up divers beads in feverdl places , and if any part + 3 it is broken, there comes forth from it ( as alfo from the Leaves ) a whitifh water, which is bits ter, falt, and unpleafant. From this Root rifes many weak, flender, brownifh green branches, trailing or lying upon the ground, rather than railing # Self up; ar climbing upon other things. Upom thefe Stalks are fet divers Leaves, not always two together at 4 Foint, nor yet always fingle, one at a Sint, which are always round like the Leaves of Afarabacca, but alittle unevenly dented about the edges, and thicker, every one ftanding on a long eg and of a grays ifh green color : among which came forth the Flowers towards the ends, each Flower by it Self, {pringing forth at the Foints, much like in fhape or form to the Common Small Bindweed, which grows _ the ground by way fides almoft every where , but they are @ little larger; and of a reddifh purple color: Thefe being pat away; there comes round heads, con- taining within them 2 or 3 round black Seeds.
IV. The greater Sea Bindweed, bas a Root a littie creeping in the Earth, from thence fhoots up feveral long flender Branches, on which are fet larger Leaves than on the former, many of them having a divifion on both fides the Leaf next to the bottom; and many of them but on one fide, and feveral of them which are fmaller, having none at all , yet all of them-for the moft part a little finuated on the edges towards the ends, which are round, or with a dent in the middle, making the point feem double forked, with many Veins running therein, The Flowers are of a red purple color,and aré a Bell or Cup faphion tiké
thé
7]
B
the former, but confit of five fomewbat large and
Balin Lerbas,
bbe
X. The Preparations. 1. The Decottion. 2. The
feng Leaves. The Heads and Seeds are like the} Fuice. 3. The Infpiffate Fuice. 4, The Effence:
other, and Spring up by being fcattered after Seed time,
V. Soldanella Alpina major, The greater Moun- ‘tain Soldanella ( for there is a leffer, of which we Shall take no notice bere ) has a long round Head or Root fhooting forth many Fibres, or fmall Strings. From whence rifes many bard round Leaves, ftand- ing upon long ¥oot-ftalks, fometbing unevenly cut about the edges ; - on the upper fide, and of a grayifh green underneath, and a little reddifh like
’ the leaves of Sowbread, and much refembling the Sea
Soldanella ( this Mountain Soldanella being fo cal- led from the likenefs of the Leaves to the j 3, The Stalks are flender, fmall, round, and reddih, about a fpan high, having upon them four or five Flowers at Top, every one hanging down their heads like unto a Bell-Hower, conjifting but of one leaf, platted into five folds, each of them ending in a long point, which makes the Flower feem to have five leaves, having a round green head in the middle, with a prick or point at the end thereof. The Flower is of a fair blew color, fome deeper, fome paler, and Some almoft white, as nature pleafes, but without a Smell at all. The middle head, after the flower is fallen, grows 10 be a long, round Pod, bearing the pointel it bad at the end thereof,in which is contain- ed {mall greenifh Seed.
VI. The Places. The two firft Kinds grow on our own Sea Coaft in great plenty, in many places, as near Lee in Effex, at Merfey in Effex, and in moft places in the Ifles of Thanet or Shepey, as alfo along the Northern Coaft : The laft grows on the Aéps, and Mountains of Germany : It alfo grows on the Mountains of Wales, not far from Cowmers Meer in North Wales.
VII. The Times. The two former flower, Gerard fays, in Fume, but Parkinfon, about the end of Sum- mer, and their Seed is ripe in Augeft. The third flowers on the Alps, &c. not till Fu/y or Augu/t, as the Snow melts fooner or later ; but in Gardens it flowers in April.
VILL. The Qualities. Soldanella is hot and dry in the fecond Degree, Aftringent, Hepatick, Cathartick and Emetick ; but is faid to be a great Enemy to the Stomach.
IX. The Specification. It is faid to be a-peculiar thing for curing the Dropfe.
5. Ihe Powder. of the Mountain Soldanella.
The Virtues.
XI. The Decoftion. It ought to be made in Fat Mutton or Beef'Broth, ( becaufe of its ftrength, and aptnefS to wouble the Stomach ) opens the Belly
owerfully, and purges violently in Dropfies, and
impanies, and therefore is not to be given, but to fuch as are of a {trong Conftitution ; it opens Ob- ftru&tions of the Liver, and ens the fame.
XU. The diguid Fuice. It is both Emetick and Cathartick, and makes Sick ; but in fach Bodies as can bear its violence, it catries off Wa-
Humors. An ounce mixt with a good Glafs of
hite Wine will purge fome P very well:
others may take two ounces or more; whereas half an ounce will powerfully purge others...
XIIL. The Infps ¢ Fusce. This is not to be prefs’d out, but duftered to iffie out of its own Ac- cord when the Herb or Stalk is broken; this being dried, and afterwards foftned with the Effence, or Wine, or other like Liquid, fo as to be ufed Plafter-wife, being applied to the bottom of the Belly, admirably draws forth the Watry Humor in
0
Dr ne
IV. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the li- quid Juice, but more corre&t and fice from Crudi- ties, and therefore more gentle in its Operation: Being given in Wine from half an ounce, to an ounce, it kills Worms both in Children, and Elder
People. « XV. The Pouder. Yt is made of the Leaves dried, and +. to be corre€ted with Annifeeds, Carra.
ways, Cinnamon, Cubebs, Ginger, Zedoary and Su- omg So prepared and given, it kills Went in Chil-
dren, and purges the Belly : ‘The fimmple pouder is good alfo to cleanfe Sores and Ulcers, ‘o intunase or breed Flefh in deep and hollow Ulcers, and alfe to heal them.
XVI. The Cataplafm. Made of the Green Leaves, and applied to the Belly, it is faid to purge the Bowels by Stool, and drive forth the Watry or which caufes the Dropfie: but it:muft be often ap- plied, and renewed with frefh Herbs; and ‘fo sit is profitable againft the ‘Sciatica and Gout.
XVIL. The Balfam of the Mountain Soldanella. It is an admirable Vulnerary, curing not only green Wounds with much eafe and fpeed ; but it .alfo
cleanfes old and rotten Ulcers, and \putrid Sores, -
deftroying the Putridity. It wonderfully incarnates or breeds Flefh in Wounds, and heals them. ‘ XVIII. Gerard fays, That the German Phyfician do much boaft of the Wonders they have done with Soldanella Montana: That the Leaves applied asa Cataplafm to the Navel, and fomewhat lower, draws forth Water from the Bellies of fuch as are Hydro-
pick : and this effe&t (fays he) it ‘works in other
parts without heating.
CHAP. LXXUl. BIRDS-E YE.
I. 7° HE Names. I find no Greek Name that this
Plant has : but it is called in Latin, Para- Lytica Alpina, Primula veris minor , by fome Saai- cula anguflifolia: in Englifh, Birds-Eye, and Birds- eine, and Birds-eyne,
6. ‘Lhe Cataplafm. 7. The Balfan
I. The
“to Bears-Ears, of a fine reddifh purple colour, in fome
eRe ow sg, ; an PA a
, bt eat ors j “i
cate and induftry-we can ufe to keep it, will {Carce- Ms ; f
Chap. 73. Englib Herbs : 99
ly endure in our Gardens, but all the Winter long, till the Spring begins, its Leaves are fo clofed to, gether, that it feems a white head of’ Leaves, They both flower in the Spring of the Year, fome earlier, and fome later, according to the mildnefS of the Seafon. a ae ,
VIL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues are the fame with. thofe of Cowflips, and therefore referring you thither, we fhall fay no more concerning the fame in this place.
Il. The Kinds. This Plant doubtlefS belongs to the tribe of the Cow/lips; of which it is a {pecial Kind, as being a /efer fort. There are alfo. two Species ot Birds-Eye, viz. 1. Paralyfis minor flore rubro, the leffer Cowflip, which is alfo the leffer Birds-Eye with Ked Flowers. 2. Paralyfis minor flore albo, the lef-
Jer Cowflip, which is the greater Birds-Eye with White Flowers.
Z 4 iJ Nyy, mi ZS
White- Gays
S te BirdsF Ye= 6 VW
\ CHAP. LXXIii.
ORs | @& on BIRDS-NEST. SA) eZ —“\ VE SD ' y BSNe WAS
GV ‘ > VA ns HE Names. It is called in Greek by Dodo- ’ NEWS, Nebyia: and in Latin, Neottia, Nidus Avis : by Gefner, it is called, Orobanche ; by Lobel,
Satyrinm abortivum, and Orchis abortivda: but we in
Englifh call it Birds-Neff, or Goofe-Neft, from the
Platting of the Roots, fike the {ticks and ftraws of
Y\ a Crows or Birds-Neft. la Ly Hy Il. The Kinds. Authors make two forts thereof, ) Y the one not much differing from another, fave in SW | Y the color : the firft and longeft known is of a ye/: TN \\\4 lowifh colour : the other of a purplifh Violet, and is STS \\ YY called by Clufius, Limodoron, ‘and Pfeudolimode: SSsss \\ TOM. > — SN 6 Tee . Litde-nesr; KF) HIM SS ” A TULA’ HAN NS AY \ ZAHER AUMINWRNOSS “\' SY Ly I |\\ Neate i Ny NSS S
Ifl. The Defeription. Red Birds-Eye, which % the fmaller Plant, has Roots fmall, white and threa- dy, from which arifes up a bead of Leaves fo clofed together, that it feems a fmall white head : this af- terwards opening it felf fpreads round upon the ground, “ad. has fmall long and narrow Leaves, fnipt about the edges, of a pale green colour, on the upper fide, but very white or mealy urtderneath : among thefe Leaves rife up one or two Stalks, fmall and hoary, balf a foot high, bearing at top a bith or tuft of much fmaller flowers, flanding upon fhort Foot-
alks, fomething like to Cowllips, but more like un-
in others paler, with a yellowifh Circle in
deeper. ' She hecho of the Flowers, like unto many of the
Bears-Ears, of a faint, but little feent , after which comes a Seed ‘hile than that of Connie
IV. White Birds-Eye, which is the greater of the two, differs little from the former, fave that it is a little larger both in its Leaf and Flower, and that the Flowers hereof are wholly white, without any great appearance of a Circle in the bottom of them, unlefs it is well obferved, at leapt it is not fo con- Spicuous as the former : hoth thefe Kinds of Cow- divs have fometimes, though but feldom, from the midft of the Flower on the Stalk, fent forth another Small Stalk, bearing Flowers thereon likewife.
V. The Places. They have been found growing
IV. The Deftription. Yellow Birds-Neft Aas ¢ great number of ¥ibres or thready Roots croffing oné over another, and as it were platted, or intricately wild in oles and Pafture Grounds in many places | entangled together like a Crows Neft : from which of England, from whence they have been tranfplan- Moe up a thick, foft, grofs, brown’ Stalk, fet with
ted into Gardens for the pleafantnefs of their | /mall fhort Leaves, of the color of a diy Oaken | ; which has laid under the Tree a Wister,. Pane
fon fays, the Stalks are upright, weak, and fappy: and 1 the Leaves oes only a fhewo, being fa he - A
very
Flowers. y VI. The Times. The Red Birds-Eye, for all the
rele - Salmon’s
nif Short thin skins than leaves, of a brownifh dead yellow color. The Flowers alfo are of a dead yellow- ih color, and fland upon a Spiked head, like-unto that of the Orchis, and of the fame fafbion ; after which follows Husks of dufty Seed. .
IV. The Purple Birds-Neft bas a Root exaltly like the former, from whence rife up a Stalk-or Stalks about eight or nine inches bigh, the lower part of which within the ground is not round like the for- mer, but flénder, and of a yellowifh white color : the Stalks are fet with a few fmall, narrow, fhort, skin- ny, foarp pointed Leaves, fet without any order, very
tle, or almoft nothing: at all wrapping or enclofing the Stalk, which has a fpike of Flowers very like the former, without Tails or Leaves growing among them. The-whole Plant, as it appears above ground, Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, as of a Violet, or deep Purple color : after the Flowers are fallen, there fuc- ceed Veffels full of fall Seed, like the former.
V. The Places. They ate both found in many laces of England, in Woods, and low Copies : ut they are not fo much found in the Southern
Parts of the Kingdom, as in the Northern : It is faid, that they grow near toa jee called Knaes- brough in Yorkfhire. Gerard found it ne sin the middle of a Wood in Kent, two Miles ftom Gravefend, neat to the then Mr. William Swans houfe of Horwcb-Green ; the Wood then belonging
to one Mr. Fobn Sid/éy ; the ground in the fame}
lace (fays he ) is covered all over with the Herb Seeks and with that kind of Orchis, called Her-
at all. :
VII. The Virtues. No Authors that have ever wrote of it, have affigned it any Virtues: however it is certain, that it is of the Nature of the Orchis, and poffibly may have their Qualities, Properties, and fees, being in like manner applied.
CHAP. LXXIV. BISHOPS-WEED Common.
I.’ HE Names. It is called in Greek “Awvs, and “Auysov, ( from the fmallnefs of the Seed which refembles Sand: ) In Latin, Ammi, and Ameos ( the Genitive Cafe: ) Some call it Cuminum /Ethi- oo ( from the likenefS to that of Cumin, ) alfo uminum Regium, Royal Cumin ( from its excellent properties: ) In Arabick it is called Hanochach, Ana- zave, Nacachau, Nacachave : And in Englifh it is called, Bifhops-Weed, Herb-William, and by fome, Bullwort. Il. The Kinds. They are of two principal Kinds, 1. Domeftick, called in Latin, Ammi Vulgare, and Vulgatins: It is called by Tabermontanus, Am- mio felinum, which is our English Bifhops-Weed. 2. Foreign, and is twofold, 1. Ammi Creticum, as Camerarius calls it, Ammi Creticum Aromaticum, as Lobel calls it, Bifhops-weed of Candy. 2. Ammi par- vum foliis feniculi, Ammi alterum parvum, by Do- doneus, dmmi verum by Gefner, ( but Parkinfon fays, the true Ammi of Diofcorides is not known ) Tis true, Diofcorides does not defcribe it ; but from fome remarks taken from him, from P/iny, and ftom Galen, it is almoft pletely deciphered, efpecially the Seed, as being much fimaller and whiter than Cumin Seed, and {melling like Origanum : Now none of
Herbal. Lib. 1.
the Seeds which the Apothecaries ufe, or have been fhew’d for Ammi, can be compared with Cumin, nor have they the fmell of Origanum : in Englifh, Small Bifhops-weed : OF thele two laft we fhall treat in the next-Chapter.
Ill. The Defcription. Our Common Bifhops- weed has a Root White and Fibrous, perifbing every Year, after it has Seeded, and commonly rifing again of its own fowing : From this Root rifes up around
reight Stalk, fometimes as tall as a Man, but com- monly 3 or 4, feet bigh, fet with feveral fmall, long, and fomewhat broad Leaves, cut in, in fome places, and fnipt or dented about the edges, growing on both
fides of a long Footftalk one againft another, of adark green color, fomewhat like unto Skirret Leaves, ba-
ving feveral Branches on them; and at the tops
Small Umbles of white Flowers, which turn into Small, round, and brown Seed, little bigger than
Parfley Seed, and not fo large as Annife Seed, of a brisk quick fmell, and hot tafte. :
IV. The Places. It is found growing Wild in ma- ny places of England and Wales ; by a hedge fide next field beyond Green Hithe, on the way as you go to Gravefend ; and with us it is alfo nourifhed up in Gardens.
V. The Times. It flowers in Fune and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe towards the latter end of Axguft.
VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third Degree, the Seed more efpecially. It is attenuating, ~~
Difcuffive, Diuretick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Arthritick ; Alterative, and Alexipharmick. It is bitter in tafte, of thin parts, ant fharp withal.
VII. The Specification. It is approved againft the Cholick, and mightily provokes Luft ; which I be- lieve is from its Spermatogenetick faculty.
VII. The i tone! You may make there- from, 1. A /iqui fiilled Water. 4. A Pouder from the Seed. 5. A Spirituous Tinélure of ie 6. An Oily Tin- tture. 7. A Saline Tinéture. 8: A Spirit. 9. A
Chymical Oil of the Seed. 10. A Fixed Salt. 11. Po-
teftates or Powers. 12. A Balfam, 13. A Cata- plafm of the green Herb.
Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. ADi-
‘ 7 i ¥
in the Cholick, and has'been found, by experience,
° €) =
Chap. 75. Lnghfb Herbs. 101 in the Cholick, by giving it inwardly by the Mouth, if the Difeafé lies in the Stomach, Duodenum, and upper Bowels ; or giving it Clyfter-wife, if it lies in the Co/on, or other lower parts. It alfo provokes Urine, and the Terms, is good againft Poyfon, and the bitings or ftingings of Venomous Creatures. It opens Obftructions of the Spleen, and has been found very helpful againft Hypochondriack Melan- ; ‘ cholly. Dofe from fic drops to twenty in a glaf§ “bat more powerful to the purpofés intended, it pro-} of Wine, or Wine and Water ; drop the Oil into | “vokes Urine, and the Courfes in Women when ftopt, | Sugar, and mix them well together, then mix it shielps' the Cholick, ‘and is very powerful again{t the] with the Wine, and fo drink it up. ad “biting of Mad‘Dogs, Serpents, as the Viper, Rat-} XVIII. The Fixed Salt of the whole Plant. It is 4 *tle-fnake, Slow-worm, or the biting or {tinging of | powerful Diuretick, and being taken inall the Li- “any other‘Venemons' Creature whatioever, being gi-| quor the Patient drinks, as Ale, Beer, Wine, it has ‘ven Morning, Noon and Night, fom iij. ounces to | been found profitable againft the Dropfie and Jaun- ‘vi.-in oan of any. eves ime dice: It alfo cleanfes the Womb, Reins and *Blad-
XI. The Diftilled Water. It is ftomatick, and has | der, of any Tartarous Matter obftrutting them. I the Virtues of the Effence, but very much Weaker, | once knew a Gouty Perfon, by the conftant ufe of “and therefore’may férve as a Vehicle, to convey any | this Salt, anid Stink Milk and Water, to become ‘Medicine in, good againft thofe kinds of Difeafes. | perfe€tly freed from his Gout, and had not fo much XII. The ‘Powder of the Seed. It expels Wind, | as one Fit of ir in above 18 Years time, which was comforts the Stomach, and other Vi/cera, gives eafe | confefs'd to me at the writing hereof: Dofe from xv. grains to xxx. in Water, or Whey, or Milk and Water, if for the Gout; but in Ale, Beer, Cider Mead, or Wine, if againft ‘the Dropfie, or other Difeafes.
XIX. Poteffates or Potoers. They have all the Virtues of the Efferce, Spirit, Spirituous Tin€ture, Chymical Oil and Salt, and may be given from one
dram to two, Morning, Noon, and Night, in Wine, ‘of the Heart, Poyfon of Vipers, Rattle-fhakes, Mad- Mead, H as or any other fit Vehicle. -, Dogs, and the biting or ftinging of any other ve-} XX. Te Balfam. Vf ivis made'of the’ Chymical nomous Creature. Dofé from one Dram to two,} Ojl, with Turpentine and Wax, it is of excellent in gut of excellent Wine. Fee ufe in all Wounds and Panttures of the Nerves ;
XIV. The Oily Tintture. Tt is good againft Pal- and applied, gives eafe in the Gout, proceeding from fies, Convulfions, Rheuniatifins. Pains, Aches, Weak-| 4 cold Caufe, as alfo in the Sciatica, and other Pains nefles, and Punétures of the Nerves in any part of] and Aches of the Nerves and Joints. If it is made the Body: -It-eafes the-pain-of the-Gout, proceed-| of the green Herb, .it- is. good againft Pains and ing from a cold caufe, foftens, difcuffes, and wafts] Aches alfo, but is-a peculiar Vulnerary, for healin cold Tumors, and is of admirable ufe, being taken} wounds made in Scorbutick, Cold, Moift, and ill inwardly, for the moft inveterate Pains of the Back, | habited Bodies, and ‘in depending places, becaufe or any Obftruétion of the Reins, Ureters or Blad-| efides its admirable healing property, it dries der. Dofe ftom half a dram to onfe or two drams| nowerfully, and ftrengthens the part affected. Morning and se in a glafs of White Wine. =} XXI. The Cataple/m. St is excellent to be ap-
XV. The Saline Tintlure. This may be made éi-| pjied to Contufions, for ic prevents the further af- ther of the Seed, or of the whole green Plant. Ir fax of Humors, and diftufles thofe which are pre- is good to take away Black and Blew Marks, Spots, fent, diffolves and ‘{Catters congealed Blood, and Tanning, Sun-burning, anid ‘other deformities of the| this more efpecially if it is mixed with Honey: it
alfo takes away Black and Blew marks, which come
The Virtues.
‘IX. The liquid Fuice. It is vety thin and fubtil, “digefts Humors, expels Wind, and giveseafe inthe Gripings of the Guts. -Dofe from iv. to viij. fpoon- *fils-in-a glafs of Canary, Sherry, or other generous
‘Wine, two or three times:a day. X. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
to be profitable againft the Stone, Sand, Gravel, or ‘any Tartarous or Slimy Matter in the Reins, Ure- ters and’Bladder. It may be given (mixed with Sugar ) ina glaf$ of White or Rhenifh Wine.
Ill. The Spiritous Tintlure from the Seed. It is Cordial and Stomatick, good againft Vapors, Wind, Fainting and Swooning Fits, Cardia/gia, Palpitation
' $kin,it being ‘often wafhed therewith,it alfo is faid to by blows or falls, or other difcolorings of the Skin.
abate an-high ‘color, and a Spong being dipt therein,
and applied upon the biting of any Venemous Beaft,| “XXII. The Seed. It is ‘one of the four leffer hot efpecially that of a Mad ” iv effectually attratts | Seeds, always commended as_a Carminative : and and draws out the Poyfon: It alfo difcuffes the af-) jr is aid the Egyptians tnake ufe of the Seed, to pro: flux of humors in Contufions ; and being drank} yoke Luft or Venery, for which it is very power- to one dram in White Wine, it is "ogee Ad againft | fy].
Fits of the Mother in Women, and is good againft
the evil Effe€&ts of Cantharides, if timely taken in
fome proper Emulfion. xvi. The Spirit. Ic is an excellent Cordial, good
againft Fainting and Swooning Fits, eafes the Paf- fions of the Heart, cheers the Spirits, comforts Na- ture, provokes Luft, ftrengthens the Womb, and all the Inftruments of Generation in both Sexes ; and has indeed all the Virtues of the Spiritous Tinéture, but not altogether fo powerful. Dofe from two
CHAP. LXXV. BISHOPS-WE ED Ferein.
LW HE Nemes. It is called in Greek alfo "Auud; IL which is the Name given by Diofcorides ;
- dtams to four, alone by it felf, if dulcified, other- and in Latin, Ammi, Cuminiim Regium, and ZEthio-
wife to be taken in a {mall glafs of Wine.
XVIL The Chymical Oil of the Seed. Sr is faid to correct the Virulency of Camtharides, that it they be digefted in it for fome time, they may be given in- wardly without any danger ; this may be true, but the true Correttive of Spani/h Elies is Spirit of Nitre, as we fhew in its proper place. This Chymica/ Oi/ is an admirable Carminative, and gives prefent eafé
picum , and in Englifh, Korein or Outlandifh Bifhops-
weed,
I]. The Kinds: It is twofold, 1. Cretick, or that of Candy, called AmmiCreticum, and by Lobel, Am- mi Creticum Aromaticum, Bifhops-weed of Candy. 2. Egyptian, called by Gefner, Ammi verum : by
Dodoneus, Ammi alterum parvum : Ammi perpufil- lum,
-andrinum, by Tabermontanus : Ammi parvum folii
5 | Sinan Herbal. Lib. ¥
Somewhat like unto thofe of Wild Carrots,or Daucus Creticus, /melling fomething quick, and of an excel- lent Aromatick or Spicy flavor, not much unlike Ori- ganum ; from which rife up flender Stalks, with Jome Foints, with like Leaves as the former fet thereon, and at the Tope, Umbles of white Flowers, in Tufts or Roundles like Carum, which turn into mall Seed like Smallage, of a weet fharp Scent, and quick bot tafte.
IV. The Alexandrian Bifhops-weed has a Small white Root, perifbing after Seed-time , from which mall Root rife two or three flender Stalks, about a Foot, or Foot and half high, arched towards the tops, and fet with feveral very fine Small Leaves, like un- to Dill, and finer than Fennel ; at the Extremities whereof grow fmall Umbles of white Eowers, after which come very {mall blackifh Seed, much like to
nae Seed, pleafant in fmell, and fharp or quick
lum, by Lobel and Gerard : Ammium primum Alex-
feniculi, by C. Baubin and Parkinfon : and Ammi tenuiffimo &% Odoratiffimo, by F. Baubin : Alexan- drian Bifbops-weed.
i” tajteé.
. The Places. The firft of thefe came to us from to France, the Low Countries and England ; which effet
econd a in Arabia, and at Alexandria in om whence it has been brought to us.
uft. ; VIL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, Virtues and Ufes are the {ame with that in the for- mer aye inall refpetts ; fo that no more need be faid of them in this place. Nore, It is fuppofed, That the true Ammi is wholly loft to us; but Par- kinfon is of Opinion, that Cuminum Sylveftrum may be the true Ammi of Diofcorides.
Arometick be Bishopsweed
| of Candia: IN
CHAP. LXXVL BISTORT Englifo.
I. “THE Names. This is a Plant that I cannot perceive the Greeks knew any thing of, no Greek name being yet ae it: it is called in Latin, Biftorta, (by moft Authors) 4 convolutis F intortis radicibus (lays Raye ) by Lragus, Lonicerus, and others, Colubrina, and the Root Radix Colye brina ; Fracaftorius, Bulapathum, as well as Biftorta : and we in Englifb call it Biftort and Snake-weed, Some will have it to be Beben Rubrum ; others Molybdena Plinij ; others again Dracunculus Pini; : Some again, as Ge/ner, Limonium: Lobel and Clys Sius fay, that it is the Brittanica of Diofcorides and Pliny ; but in all thefé they are miftaken, as thofe who pleafe to Examine thofe feveral Plants in their proper Chapters, and compare them with the De- {criptions here, may eafily perceive. : ih The Kinds. What we fhall difcourfe of here,
wy rug are principally two, 1. Bi/torta major, as Gerard,
NINES and the Beubins call it: major vulgaris, as Parkin. SAGINR fon: Radice minus intorta, as the Baubins; major Ht! rugofioribus foliis, as F. Baubia : and we, The
greater Biftort, or Snake-root. 2, Bj orta miner, as Gerard , minor noftras, as Parkinfes ; Colubrina minor, as ‘Tragus ; Alpina media, as ©. Baubin « and we, The /effer Biffort, or Snake-weed « But be- fides thefé, Authors make mention of four Kinds more, as, 3- Biftorta Latifolia, Broad leav’d Biflort. 4. Bifforta Alpina major, and Alpina maxima, The Greater or Greateft Mountain Biflort. 5. Biftorta
Alpina
II. The Defcription. Bifhops-weed of Candy has a Root like unto the Garden Carrot,and of a yellowifh color, and brown on the outfide, as Parkinton Says, with fome kibres or Strings thereon : From this Root comes forth feveral flender Stalks of fine cut Leaves,
—
Chap. 76.
102,
Alpina media, & Alpina minor, The lefjer Alpine, but that it is crumpled, of a blewifh green color on * Bifiort. 6. Biftorta Sane foliis variis, Low | the upper fide, and of an Afb colored grey, and a lit-
Variable leav uothing in this
\
English ea Bistort .\ . EN»
~.
( Y)
oa 4 x Nu A Lie Hii J (fh
(If. The Defetiption. The Greater Common Bi- ftort has a thick, fhort, Tuberous or knobbed Root,
blacki~h without, and fomething reddifh within, a lit-| in
tle crooked or writhed together, and of an harfh or aftringent Tafte, with divers blackifh Fibres or
~~ poms a 2 res whence {pring up every tear, feveral Leaves ftanding upon long koot- fialke, being Somewhat long and broad, on eed un- like to.a Dock Leaf, and alittle pointed at the ends,
ning therein : from among which, rife feveral fmall nd sivedee ican about half a age Loop naked, and without Leaves, or with very few nar- row ones, bearing a {piky bufh of pale, fre colored Flowers , which being pafi, there is found a {mall, brown, cornered Seed, not much unlike to Sorrel Seed, but greater.
Sinalt Uistort orbakewed.
: pet ; Of all which we fhall fay tle porpite underneath, having feveral veins runs ork ;
IV. The Leffler Englifh Biftort bas 2 Tuberous Root, fmall in proportion, but fomething crooked or
turned like the former, being of a blackifh color with-
out, and fomewhat whitifh within, of the fame au- fiere, fiyptick, or binding tafte, with the former : This Root fends forth 3 or 4 fmall narrow Leaves, Scarcely an Inch broad, and near four Inches long; green above, and grey underneath : The Stalks are flender, and with but one or two Leaves fet thereon + at the tops whereof Pagriei long, round, {piky heads of white Flowers, with feveral {mall green Leaves a- mong them; after which comes a reddifh Seed almoft round, which being dry, becomes blackifh, and is big ger than that of the former, about the bignefs ( fays Gerard ) of a ‘Tare.
V. The Places. The firlt _ at the Foot of Hills, and in fhadowy moift Woods near to them, ini
| many places.of Germany , and in England in like
places, but is chiefly with us nourifhed up in Gar- dens. The other grows in the North of England, as in Lancafbire, Yorkfbire, and Cumberland, in feve- ral places; alfo in Wefimorland, at Crosby, Raven/- waith, at the head of a Park formerly belonging to one Mr. Pickering, trom whence it has been brought, and difperfed. into Gardens. The Firft is alfo faid to grow in a Meadow, about a Stones caft above the Abby Mill at St. A/bans, about an Acres breadth or mote from the River fide, where it is {aid to grow eat plenty.
I. The Times. They both flower about the end of May, and the Seed is ripe about the beginning of
j ,
“ly. : vil, The err ae They are cold ie in the third Degree ; ingent, Styptick, a nératy + Cordial, Hy fterick, Abesaive and nee a” A
TT SEY
Ee S
104
~ Salmon’ aimon s
VII. The Specification. \t is famous for the refift: ing and expelling Poyfon, as alfo to ftop the Flux of Blood in Wounds, or any other bleeding, whe- ther inwards or outwards.
IX. The Preparations. 1. A liquid Fuice of the whole Plant. 2. A diftilled Water of the Roots and Leaves. 3. A Pouder of the Leaves. 4. A Pouder of the Root. 5. A Pouder of the Root compound. 6. A Decoltion of the Root in Wine or Water, 7. A Decoftion compound of the Root. 8. The Diet Drink made of the Roots, Leaves, and Seeds. 9. The Spi- rituous Tinfure. 10. The Acid Tinflure. 11. The Oily Tintture. 12. The Saline Tinfure. 13. The
Fixed Salt. 14. The Effence.
' The Virtues. X. The liquid Fuice. Taken inwardly 3, 4, or 6 Spoonfulse at a time in a GlafS of Red Florence, or
Flux of Blood, refifts the Poifon of Vipers, or any other t, and the bitings of any other
other idle Wine, it prefently ftops any internal Beaft whatfoever , and is very powerful againft
Decoftion is made with Wine, it ftops all man- ner of Inward Bleeding, as Spitting of Blood, Vomiting Blood, and all Fluxes of the Bowels whether in ae. or Ronn, : Bost ve Bar Ruptures in or Young, diflolves co Blood, and difcuffes Contufions to adfniration. It is faid to cure the Jaundice, and being inwardly gi- ven, and outwardly applied, it is eminently good againft the biting of Vipers, or any other I perc Serpent, and the bitings and ftinging of any Ve- mevrage ah a ie aeptne Given A omen wi ild, it prevents rtion, or Mifcarri and helps fuch as cannot hold their Water ome ufed as a Gargarifin in the Mouth, it allays Inflam- mations, heals Ulcers, and faftens loofe Teeth. XVI. The Decoéfion of the Root compound. Te Bi- flort Roots fix ounces: Angelica Roots, Zedoary, of each four ounces : Virginea Snake-root three ounces : Clove-bark an ounce and half : Winters Cinnamon one ounce: all being bruifed, infufe in Red Port Wine, or Canary, five quarts, for fix bours : Then giving it two or three boils,take it from the Fire,and Jirain out the Wine from the Ingredients, which ler .
the Plague, and all other Malign and Peftilential | /ert/e : then decant the Clear from the Feces, and F .
evers. XI. The Dive Water. It is a fingular remedy + thin any Pl ce rig Se %! na -reatures, as Spiders, Toads, nts, Vipers, Rat- tlefnakes, or the like, and has the Virtues of the Juice, but not with equal power or force. It is good alfo to wath Sores or ers which happen in the Nofe, or any other part ; more efpecially if the pouder of the Root be applied thereto afterwards. XII. The Pouder of the Leaves. Taken to a dram, it is good to kill Worms in Children : prevails againft a Diabetes, and helps fuch as cannot keep their Water, but are apt to pifs a Bed, and this more “pci S if given with juice of Plantane. XIII. The Pouder of the Root. Being given toa
- dtam, more or lefS, in Wine, or other fit Vehicle,
it prevails - againft the Malignity of the Purples, Meafles, and Small Pox, and expels the Poifon of the Plague or Peftilence, or of any other infe€tious Difeafe, driving it forth by Sweating. It {tops alfo all manner of inward Bleeding, as Dyfentery, Spit- ting, Vomiting, er piffing Blood, is profitable againft Ruptures in Children, or Elder Perfons ; it is good alfo for any Contufion, or Bruife caufed b Blows or Falls, diffolving the congealed Blood, dif- cufling the aggregated Humors, and eafing the Pain. Given to one dram in the Diftilled Water, in which fome red hot Iron has been quenched, it is faid to help or cure a Gonorrhaa, or Running of the Rei Univerfals being firft premifed. And being ftrewed
‘upon any Cut, or Wound of aVein, &c. where there
is a great Flux of Blood, it prefently ftops it.
_ XIV. The Pouder of the Root compound. It is made of equal quantities of Bi si Pellitory of’ Spain, and of Burnt Allum. This Pou- der being made into a Pafte with a little Honey, and fome of it put into an hollow Tooth, or held be- tween the Teeth, if there is no hollownefs in them, eafes their Pain, and ftops the detluxion Jof Rheum upon the Part, cleanfes the Head and Brain, and caufes an evacuation of abundance of Rheumatick Matter.
XV. The Decoftion of the Root. If it is made with Water, with the addition of fome Pomegra- nate Peels and Flowers, it makes a molt admirable Injettion fot the Womb, cleanfes it of any filth lodged there, ftops the overflowing of the Terms in Women, and cures a long continued Flux of the Whites, drys up Ulcers in that part, and ftrengthens the Ligaments of the Womb, being relaxed, where- by the Womb feems to prefs or fall down. H the
Sweeten it with Syrup of Limons, or Syrup of Vine- gar. \tis anoble Medicament againft the Meafl Small Pox, Purples, Calenture, Spotted Fever, a even the Plague it felf, being given either preven- tionally, as two or three Spoonfuls of it Morning, Noon, and Night : or Curatively, in which four or fix ounces of it may be given to fweet ss to berepeated as need requites.Jt is an excellent thing againft the biting of Mad Dogs, Vipers, Rattle- Snakes, or the bitings or ftingings of any other Ve- nomous Creatures. It alfo prevails againft any Ve- getable Poifon, which is taken inwardly, if timely iven.
XVIL. The Diet Drink. It is made of the Roots, Leaves, and Seeds, boiled in half Wine, half Water. It is an excellent Traumatick, cures all curable In- ward Wounds, and Ulcers, and Fluxes of Blood, of what kind foever, and alfo being ly drank, contributes very much to the cure of Wounds, and old Ulcers in the External parts.
XVIIL The Spirituous Tinure. It defends the Heart againft Poifon, whether Inward or Outward, whether a Vegetable or Animal Poifon, er the Ma- lignity of the Plague, or of any other infe€tious Difeafe. Dofe, one or two drams at a time, two or a= times a day, in a glafs of Wine, or other Ve- hicle.:. *."
XIX. The Acid Tinéture. This is more peculiar againft the Plague, and other Malign Fevers, and infetious Diftempers than the former. It al- lays the Inflammation of the Jaws, Almonds of the Ears, and Throat, being often taken inwardly, and alfo ufed as a Gargle, by mixing it with the De-
oot, Root of |coftion in Water or Wine aforegoing. It alfo heals
Cankers and Sores of the Mouth and Throat, if of- ten wafh’d therewith ; and being fwallowed, cuts tough Flegm, and clears the Throat.
XX. The Oily Tinfure. \t is good againft Pun- tures, and Wounds of the Nerves, eafes their Pain and cures them, being bathed thereon, and applied thereto: and repreffes the Flux of Humors attend- ing them. -
XXI. The Saline Tintiure. Outwardly ufed, it penetrates, and contributes to the curing of Rup- tures. Old Ulcers being wafhed therewith, it clean- fes them, and difpofes them to healing : and Phleg- mons or Inflammations being bathed therewith, it abates the heat. Inwardly given, it cleanfes the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, after the ufe of it, for fome time, if there be any Ulcers in thofe parts, they are cured by giving Inwardly the Decoftion in
Wine,
mee eet
Ss Se ee eS ee
RFPS oS
el :
Chap. 77 ; Exglifh
105
Ba
Wine, Juice, or Effence, and continuing it for fome | fed thefe Greek names upon it. The Latins call
time. This Saline Tinéture is alfo prevalent againft the Jaundice. Dofe from half'a dram to a dram and half, in any convenient Vehicle. .
XII. The Fixed Salt. It is good againft Poifon, and all malignity of the Plague, opens Obftru€tions, refifts Putrefa€tion, and detends the Vitals againft any kind of Infe€tion, or the malignity of Evil Airs. It provokes Urine, and cleanfés the Urinary Paf- fages, ing off the Recrements of thé Humors by thofe Paffages, by which it has been found good againft the Jaundice and Dropfie. Dofe from ten
ins to a fcruple in Ale, Beer, Cider, Mead, or ine. XXIII. The Effence. It refifts Poifon, Plague, or
it, Solanum Lignofum, and Solanum Arborefcens, and yet in Truth, it is not properly any Night-fhade, but only fo called for the conformity of its Leaves. Alfo Amara dulcis, and Dulcamara; Some will have. it to be Melortum Plinij, others Vitis Sylveftris | Theophrafti, as Camerarius in his Epitome: (but Vi- tis Sylvefiris is truly Black Bryony, as Matthiolus has it: ) In Englfh, it is called Bitter-/weer, or Woody Night-Sfhade, and Fellon-wort.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Purple-flowered, called, as aforefaid. 2. White-Aowered, which Do- doneus thinks to be Cycleminus altera Diofcoridis : Guillandinus took it to be Salicaftrum Plinij, but, very erronioufly : Bawbinus.calls it Solanum Scandens
Peftilence, and all forts of malign Fevers, ftops all | ez Du/camara, flore Albo, Bitter-fweet, with the
Fluxes of the Belly, as Diarrhxa, Dyfenteria, | teria, and the Hepatick Flux, as alfo all Hemorrha- gies whatfoever, whether inward or outward, the ‘overflowing of the Terms in Women, and the pra- ‘ternatural Hux of the Whites : but in thefé laft Ca- fes, Univerfals ought to be premifed. In a word, the Effence has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, the Pouder of the Root, and the Decoétion in Wine at Seft.10,13 and 15, aforegoing. But it ee ftops the afflux of Humors to any part, being applied to
ien- | White fower.
III’ The Defeription. It has a Root which fpreads it felf with many ftrings under the Earth, not grow ing into any great or thick Body : from whence comes up many flender, winding, brittle, woody Stalks, five or fix oot high, without any Clafpers, or Tendrills, but folding it Jelf about Hedges, or any other thing which fiands near unto it : thefe flalks are covered with a whitifh rough Bark, which being chewed in
the Mouth, taftes bitter at firft, but Jweetifh after-
the fame outwardly, and alfo taken inwardly. Dofe | wards : and in the middle they bave a Pith, and fhoot
is from two to fix ounces in Wine, or any other Vehicle, ge againft the Difeafé for which it is given. Note, The Root of this Plant is that which is chiefly ufed, as having moft Virtue in it.
CHAP. LXXVIL BITTER-SWEET.
sy Zara MY, > | OV we Le VAL HR : VES SF LASERS VY a)
> ey
ay
: tobe df E Names. It is called in Greek Tavavainesr,
Soden ER hata i. & Amara dulcis, and seuxve- ‘Bueinig’
eek Author, that I know of, has faid any
out into many Branches on both fides, which are Green whilft young : whereon grow many Leaves without order, fomewhat like unto thofe of Night-
‘|thade, but that they are fomething broad, long, and
pointed at the ends, with two {mall Leaves, or ras ther pieces of Leaves at the bottom of moft of them, Something like the Sage with Ears and many of them likewife, with but one piece on one fide ; fran times alfo thofe pieces are clofe to the Leaves, maé hing them feem as if they were jagged, or cut in on the edges into fo many parts, and fometimes feparate evehin. making the Leaves feem winged, or com- pofed of many Leaves, which are of a pale green co- lor. At the tops and fides of the Branches come forth many Flowers, ( flanding in fafhion of a long Umble ) upon fhort Foot-ftalks one above another, which confift of five narrow and long violet purple colored Leaves, not fpread like a Star, or very fel»
. | dom, but moftly turning themfelves backwards to the
Stalks again on which they fiand, with a long golden yellow Pointel in the midft, flicking forth, which af- terwards turns into round, and fomewhat long Beré ries, green at firfl, and very red, foft, and full of Fuice when ripe, which are fweet at firft tating; but afterwards of an unpleafing bitter tafte ; in which Berry is contained many flat white Seeds.
IV. Dulcamara fiore Albo, Bitter-fiweet, with white flowers, differs in nothing from the former, but in the flowers, whofe outward Leaves are white, and its Pointel yellow.
V. The Places. The firft grows ufually by Ditch- fides and hedges, where it may climb up, almoft every where : The fecond is more rate, and feldom to be met with, but grows by or near St. Margarets Church near Romney Marth.
VI. The Times. The Root is Pesennial, and the Branches, tho’ they are difpoiled of their Leaves all
,the Winter, yet they perifh not, but fhoot torth’new | Leaves in the Spring : they flower in 7u/y, and the
Berries are ripe in Axgu/t.
VII. The Qualities. The Leaves and Berries are hot and dry in the firft Degree ; Aftringent and Cleanfing ; Cephalick, Hepatick, Splenetick, Hyfte- rick and Cathartick. ~
VIII. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing for
modendron, i.€. Solanum Arborefcens «| the Cure of Jaundice and Dropfie.
IX. The Preparations. You may make there
‘thing 2 © rit t ; but fome of the Moderns have impo-! ftom, 1. The Liguid ge 2. Fhe Effence. i # he
~~
— ee
. \- a I h
106 =©=— Salmon’s Herbal. = Lib. J.
ae Jeers 6. Lhe Saline Tinélure. 7. The CHAP. LXXVII BLEW-BOTTLE.
X. The Liquid Fuice. Being given to two or three I HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kiar, ounces, it purges well, and powerfully opens Ob-|* np ale to aS: rts ftructions of the Liver and ree and helps fuch T 4 forts Cyaneo, vel Ceruleo calore : In Latin,
as are Afthmatick, or are troubled with difficulty of Franny + and in Englifh, Blew-bottle, or Corn
: : : ; er. breathing, being taken every Morning fafting for Il. The Kinds. It is twofold : 1. tn ale
fome time. | tala ee . XI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the °f Which in this Chapter. 2. Double-flowred,
qi aforegoing, befides which it is a powerful Shy ot oN tag pO din, ath pres vag 5 Medicament againft a Phthifick, and for the Cure aie hard fis The ate : Cimeus Blow hortle of the Yellow and lark Jaundice, as alfo the Drop- | @ . ae Dees oh iS This Sotve call Crcmas ped ee: fie: It brings away the fter-birth, and effeStually | 77” 4, J 4 takes it to be th Lenco: Di clenfés Women newly brought to Bed : you may | 3. “Codie car and f Reshien +, give it from two ounces to 08 in.a glafs of White he nD lesa 2 DE aKING OF Obra be P. = Port Wine every Morning falting : It is alfo good th ih id a ke RP gcd for Inward bruifes caufed by any fall or blow, aif at oan 2S. aft of Chondr: aya vat the faye te a aa well, and age Fg minor vulgaris, Cyanus Segetum, The leffer Common lily pew, oe i Inet e Mi is ye y Pe os) ; .| tramenti, Cornflower : Battifecula
» The Decolion. You may make it thus : and Baptifecula, ot Blaptifecula, from rr i the Edges of Sickles in cutting down Corn ; Secula, i. €. Falx, a fecundo dia, being taken for a Sickle in Ancient times.
The Virtues.
J them intoa Glafs Vefica, or Bolt-bead 3 offufe there- on White Pot Win tb ii {S. cover it with a blind head, and infufe in a Sand heat Sor twelve hours , and then make the heat So great as it may boil gently tobich done, decant, and firain out for wfe. It has the Virtues of the Effence, is a Specifick for cure of the
gently. Xl The Spirituous Tin@ure. It.purges not, but very much ftrengthens the Vi/cera, chieHy the Liver and Spleen, and reprefles Vapors afcending from the Stomach, and other to the Head and Brain, caufing Vertigo’s, Megrims, and other Diftempers of that Ventricle. Dofe two drams, or more, every Morning fafting, and Evening at Bed time ina Glafs of generous Wine.
XIV. The Acid Tindure. Let it be made with Spirit of Wine acuated with Spirit of Salt. It nea provokes Urine, cleanfes the Reins, Ure- ters, and Bladder, and cures the Dropfie to a mira- cle ; but it ought to be taken a confiderable time, and always in the Decoétion of the fame Plant, or in a Decottion of Centory, Gentian, and Roman Wormwood. Dofe from half an ounce to an ounce, mote or lefS, fo as to give a pleafant Acidity, Morn- ing and tg | : and it is to be put into all the
ine the Patient drin
XV. The Saline Tinfure. Bathed with, it takes away Scurf, Morphew, and falt, and fharp break- ings out of the Skin : some ts taken to one dram, it provokes Urine, and cleanfes the Urinary pafla- ges of Slimy, Vifcous, or Tartarous Matter, which is commonly the matter that breeds the Stone and Strangury.
XVI. The cat fee It is to be made of the brui- fed Berries, and Kofin in fine Pouder. This a plied to Felons, which commonly come on the Fitcers ends, cures them in a very fhort time.
Ill. The Defeription. The Greater or Garden Blew-bottle has 2 Root which creeps under ground Ipreading it felf divers ways, fo-th: t its heads with green Leaves will abide all the Winter, ( which in the 9 aie do not fo, but perifh wholly after Seed time, rifing again of their own Sowing he ore Win- ter ) and grows Yearly into new fhoots and Springs, by which it very much increafes : from this Root ri-
es up a crefted or rather winged Stalk, of a whitifh green color, about two or three Feet bigh, on which. are fet divers Leaves, fomething long and broad, without any divifion, or denting in about the edges green on the upper fide, and grayifh underneath, cach r)
+
Chap. 78. . Exglifh Herbs. 107
of them encompaffing the Stalk about, at the lower | Leaves are White, or blufh. The Howers being pafts ends, which is divided at the top into a few Bran-| the heads or bottles contain a Down, in which the ches, bearing fomewhat large, fealy, green heads, Seed is wrapped, which x fmall, bard, white and with white or Silver-like rb ; rake the midft of | fhining. Note, That the Flower of that which grows which comes forth a larger Flower than in the fmal-\Wild in the Fields, is for the moft part only Blew. ler Kind, thinly fet, and of a deeper Violet-blew co-| V. The Places. The firft grows Wild in Ger. lor : in which Heads, after the Flowers are paft,| many upon Sandy: Hills, but with us it is nourifhed. there is found a Down, containing fome few white|up in Gardens : The other with Blew Flowers Seeds, like thofe of the leffer Kind, but a little lar- tak Wild, in many Com Fields throughout our ger, and flatter. ingdom : It is found in Fields of Wheat, Rye and : Barley ; but is alfo Sown in Gardens, which the skilful Artift, by “te, ieee to become of Se colors, as in the Defcription thereof is decla-
ted.
VI. The Times. They flower from the beginning of May, to the end of Harveft, and their Seed comes to ripenefs in the mean feafon.
VII. The Qualities. They are temperate in refpect — to heat or cold, and dry in: the ee : But Schroder fays, they he cold vag 2 in the fécond Degree : They are ingent, Ophthalmick, Car- diac ‘Alterative, and Alexipharmick, -
VILL. The Specification, They have a iar fa. culty for the curing of fore and b Eyes, and refit the force of Poifon.
IX. ‘Ihe Preparations. In the Shops are : 1. The Flowers. 2. A Pouder of the dried Leaves. 3. An Effence of the Fuice with Spirit of Wine. 4. A Col- lyrium of the Elowers. 5. A Diftilled Water of the Flowers. 6. A oie Tintture of the Flowers.
- A Cataplafm of the Flowers. 8, A Fuice. 9. A iftilled Water of the Herb.
’ The Virtues.
X. The Howers. They are cold and dry in 1°: are Styptick, and good to take away Rednefg§ and tions of the Eyes, and pains thereof : they cool in Fevers, refift Poifon, and help in Dropfies. You may make an Acid Tin€ture of them with Spi- rit of Wine, mixed with a half part of Spirit of Salt, which in Fevers, Plague, &c. may be given from 20 to 40 Drops, in any fit Vehicle.
XI. The Pouder of the dried Leaves. It is taken in Tent to one dram, for the curing of inward brui- - fes, and to heal a Rupture of the Veins, €c. where- by they void much Blood at Mouth. Give it in
lantane, Comfrey, or Horfe-tail-water, acuated with a little White Wine Vinegar.
XII. The Effence of the Fuice of the Leaves and Flowers. It has all the former Virtues both of the Acid Tin€ture and Pouder : It helps in the Dropfie, refifts all manner of Venoms and Poifons, and is pe- culiar againft that of the Scorpion, Phalangium, Vi Pet, Mad Dog, and Plague, as alfo all other Petti-
ential Fevers, and Infe€tious Difeafes : being dropt into the Eyes, it takes away their heat, infis tion and pai
XII. The Collyrium, or Eye-Water. Be. of the Blew-flowers as many as you plese : put them into Rye Dough or rae bake them in the Oven with Houfhold Bread, then taking it forth, diftil all, viz. Flowers and Rye Pafte, in a Glafs Body, in B.M. and keep the Water for ufe. With this the Eyes are to be wafht three or four timesaday. It is admirable for the cure of mof¥ Infirmities of the Eyes, efpe- cially Heat, Inflammation, Pain, Blood-fhot, &c. It clears, ftrengthens and preferves the Eye-fight, efpe- cially of old People, tor which reafon fome are pleafed to call it Break-Spettacle-Water : for that thofe that ufe it, need never come to the ufe of Spe€tacles : If the Diftemper is inveterate or ftub- born, ufe it five or fix times a day.
XIV. The Diftilled Water of the Howers. Aqua florum Cyani, B i a ha Bk Flowers
2
Y ‘ SSS SSS »
Connor Pa Ge
Corne 27 AS Flowes LAO
IV. The leffer Common, or Field Blew-bottle, or Corn-flower, has Roots fomewhat long and large. wobich perifh every Year, but are Annually renewe, by its own fowing ; rifing or Springing up before
inter, and: abiding green all the Winter Seafon, until the next Spring and Summer, when it Flowers, Seeds, and perifhes again. The Leaves are long and narrower than the former, of a whitifh green color, deeply cut in on the Edges in fome places, but fome more than others, fometbing like unto Scabious leaves. The Stalks are two or three Feet bigh, according to the goodnefs and fertility of the Ground, fet with Such like Leaves, but fmaller, and little or nothing cut in on the Edges : the tops are fpread forth into Several Branches, bearing many fmall green, fcaly Heads, out of which rife Flowers, confifting of five or fix, or more, long and hollow Leaves, final at the bottom, and opening wider and larger at the brims, notched, dented or cut in on the Edges, and ftanding vound about many fmall threads in the middle, The colors of thefe Flowers are manifold, and very vari- able; for fome are wholly Blew, or White, or blufh or of a fad or light Purple, or of a light or deep Red, or of an over-worn Purple color, or elfe mixed of thefe colors, in fome, the edges White, and the reft Blue or Purple, or the edges Blew or Purple, and the reft of the Klower White, or Striped, Spotted, or halved, the one part of one color, the other of another, and the Threads alfo in the middle varying in many of them for in fome the faid middle “Thrumb wil] a a deeper Purple than the outward Leaves, fome
t have it reddifh, deeper, or paler, whilff the
mma-
“
100 Salmon’s Of blew-bottles, with their Cups, as many ag you pleafe : bruife them, and macerate them in a fuff- - “eient quantity of Snow-water, for 24 Hours, or ra-
ther two Days ; then Diftill in a gentle B. M. or Sand heat. ‘It is faid to be a wonderful Water for the Eyes, and their Difeafes, as Inflammations, Sore- nefs, DimnefS of Sight, and the like : it has the Virtues of the former, but not altogether fo power- on Drop it into the Eyes 3, 4, 5 or 6 times a
- xy. The Spirituozs Tiniure of the Flowers. Made with Common Brandy, it is a-fecret for cu- ting Sore and Running Eyes, if fome few times dropt into them. It is Alexipharmick, and has all the Virtues of the Effence. @ half a Spoonful in any proper Vehicle, _ XVI The Cataplafm of the Flowers. Being ap- plicd tq Sore and Running Eyes, afflifted with a hot Rheum, it ftrengthens the Part, cools the In- flammation, repreffes the flux of Humors, and heals
the ae . XVII. The Liquid Fuice. It is very effeftual to heal all Sores and Ulcers of the Mouth ; and put into frefh or green Wounds, it conglutinates their Lips, and quickly heals them ; And dropt into the Eyes, it takes away their Heat, Inflammation, and
ain, XVIN. The Diftilled Water of the Herb. It has
the fame properties with the Juice, and Effence, but not altogether fo powerful.
CHAP. LXXIX. BLE W-BOTTLE Double-flowred.
SS
Sly t
yy) "i \ Hale) &,
i < } SWjg7 ad
i=
WS \ \ A ba —~, i) HS B\)| SQ) py . a y, 3 P: f Y} al — AWN \ |Z S Za STR
a= ‘met TTS we
\
Ny ( 2x) Blen FAN SAD Z y ONY eS \< <a double Zi SS SSO AS OWNS
, ne HE Names, They are called in Latin, _ mus multiflorus : and in Englifh, Aowred Blew-bottle, ox Corn-flower.
~ Herbal.
-| Seed w b le- | like the former. VI
mene, ae
Il. The Kinds. They are of the leffer_Kind of Blew-bortle, and are twofold, 1. Guanus ceruleus multiflorus, Double Blew-flowred lew-bottle, or Corn-flower. 2. Cyanus purpureus multiflorus Double Corn-flower Purple-Howred. 3. To thefe we add, Cyanus floridus Turcicus, Cyanus foridus odoratus Turcicus, Cyanus Orientalis, which is alfo Major and Minor, The Turky Blew-bottle : The Turky Sweet-fcented Blew-bottle, and the Sultan’s Flower, becaufé the Grand Senior efpying it as he was walking abroad, liked it, and wote it himfelf} for which reafon his Vaffals held it in great efteem ? of a aoe ae Greater oa a Leffer.
I. The Defcription. The fir of thefe differs not at all from the fmall Field Et eee re former Chapter, neither in the Roots, Stalks, Leaves. nor Seeds, but only in the Flowers, for that the Bow. ers of this Plant, are of a fair Blew color, and very double, whereas the other are fingle.
IV. The Second of thefe is alfo like unto the fors mer in all refpetts, faving in the color of the flower , for whereas that is-double, and of a fair blew, the flowers of this are alfo double, and of a bright pure
le color. a V. The Third. % @ Plant or Flower of much beaus ty: It bas a Root like the other Blew-bottles, which perifhes every Year , the Leaves hereof are not much greener, but larger, and more gafhed in on the edges $ the Stalks are three feet high at leaft, and lower than in the other, befet with the’ like Leaves, but Smaller, and branching into feveral parts, each of them bearing a larger fcaly head than the former, and biger in the Greater of this kind, than’ in the Lefer, with Blew-bottle like flowers, but larger, and confifting of eight or nine hollow Leaves, with wider open brims, and fmall, pale or almoft white threads in the middle , the circling Leaves are of a fine beautiful purple color, very glorious to behold. This Flower # of is exceeding a {weet fcent, that it furs paffes ( 49s Parkinfon ) the beft Crver that is. The - kifh, and enclofed in a Downy Subftance
- The Places, The two firkt are often, foamed
i
the whole Plant are alzoge
Corn fields, and are alfo nourifhed up in Gardens. every way lefs than the The laft was brought to us from Tuy: ty, Or Conftan-| and not creeping at all. tinople, and grows in the Gardens of fome Her- borifts. 3 VI. The Times. They Aower for the moft part
thro’ all the Summer, and their Seed ripens in the mean feafon. ee
_ VI. The Qualities, Miya eoge Preparations, Virtues and Ufes, are a exa@tly the fame with thofe in the former Chapter, fo that we {hall fay no more théreof in this place.
jormer, growing upright,
CHAP. LXxx, BLITES White. The Kinds, There are two principal. Kinds,
viz. 1. Blitum album, the White Blite 3 and this is both Majus and Minus, of which we treat in this
fecond Degree : } Hyfterick, and Solutive. ° Yet Pérkinfon, will have them to be Cold, Dry, Aftringent or Binding. VIL. The Specification. They are peculiar againft eS em yok Fluxes and Dittempers of the Womb: a 14 Mera IX. The Preparations. You may have there: we A a from, 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A on A 6 Decottion in Wine. 4. A Syrup,
The Virtues.
X: The ra ns Taken to five or fix oun: ces in a GlafS of Wine, it purges by ftool, makes the Belly foluble, and cools the Bowels: but fome- times it overturns the Stomach, and cleanfes it by Vomiting.
XI. The Effence: It does the fame thing with the Juice, but with lef detriment to the Stomach i and being taken Morning and Evening fier tw ounces to three, or four, it ftops the Whites in Wo: ne and a Gonorrhea in Men, Univerfils being pre- mifed.
XII. The Decoflion in Wine. This ia yet lefs troublefome to the Stothach, and has the Virtues of the Effence ; but not altogether fo powerful; and nay be taken without any danger by 2 Woman with Child:
XII. The Syrup. It is not only Hyfterick, but Peftoral th it pee the Von Breaft, Sto- Wild White Blite is very like unto the former. ex. mach, and Lungs, of Slime, and Vifcous or Tarta- cept that the Roots, Stalks Leaves, Bache and\tous Matter, eafes Coughs, and taken for fome
her of @ green color, and\ tine, helps Afthma’s, and fhortnefS of eh <é ; 3
_ Hil The Deftription, The Great White Blite has a Root very thick, and long, and very full of Threads or Strings ; from whence rifes up feveral Stalks, making a kind of bufh, till it comes to be three or four Feet high the Stalks are &rayifh, white, and round: the Leaves are plain and fmooth almoft like to thofe of Axach, but not fo foft nor meéaly : the Hlowers grow thruft together, like thofe of ‘Arach : ip which comes the Seed inclofed im round, flat,
iV. The Leffer White Blite, tobich i called the
no Salmon Forbol. Lad
leffer Red Blite, or Wild Ked Blite. 3. Red Blite with much Seed.
_UL The Defeription. The Sirft is almoft exattly like the Great White Blite deferibed in the Sormer Chapter, except that the Stalks, and Leaves, and alfo the ref of the Plant are reddifh, and reddifh mixed with a dark green color, and in all other re- (pect they feem to be like,
Blite small red) —
CHAP. LXXXL BLITES Red.
1, a HE Names. It is called in Latin, Blitum Rubrum, and in Englifh, the Red Blite. —
& i $8<> 4 > ae (Vj WZ, ( PD Se y Red Rhier \y SV a > A ey G Wa J 5S We \2 ~ ( f= EE? Wy. RD Vy
SS
ia: a
S = —
= a. e
IV. The fecond, leffer, or Wild Blite, is almoft hike to the Wild White Blite, faving that in this, the Stalks and Branches trail upon the ground, and are reddifh, like the former for their color: the Seed a {mall and cluflering together, green of color, and almolt like unto the Seed of Coronope Ruellij, or Bucks-horn.
V. The third Kind differs little from the firft, ‘ave that the Leaves are longer, and it as much ful- ler ¢ Seed, and with a multiplicity of Spiky beads.
VI. The Places. The firft or Greater is a Garden Plant, and a Pot-herb : the other grows Wi/d, but for the moft part in Gardens, and is taken for a Weed : but is fometimes found Wild in other
laces.
: VIL. The Times. They Flower all the Summer long, and their Seed is ripe in Awguft and Seprem- ber; and keep alive in Winter alfo.
VIII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the fecond Degree, Aftringent, Hyfterick, and Solutive.
IX. The Specification. They are peculiar to ftop the Terms in Women.
X. The Preparations. You may make therefrom, t. A Liguid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decoe Hion. 4. A Syrup.
The Virtues.
XI. They are exaétly the fame with thofe Prepa- rations in the former Chapter, fave, that whereas thofe are peculiar for {topping the Whites in Wo- men, and Gonorrhea’s , thefe are peculiar for ftop- ping their Courfes when they overflow ; and are alfo cf great ufé to ftop other Fluxes of Blood in
either Sex. CHAP,
Y much seed EN . A gs Py)
Il. The Kinds. There are two Species of it 1. Blitum majus Rubrum, Blitum Rubrum Hortenfe. the greater Red Blite, or Garden Red Blite. 2, Bii- tam minus Rubrum, Blitum Rubrum Sylveftre, the
L HE Names. \t is called in Greek AdxeBoy
Parkinfon : Sanguis Draconis Herba, as F. Baubin : Lapathum folio acuto rubente, as C. Baubin : In Eng- difh, Blood-wort.
differs lictie but in its color.
t fomething long, and very red, abiding many Years, ye Jomrint Billed by the extream bardne/s of the
bas it long Leaves, like unto the Smaller yellow Dock, but overfpread with many red Veins, and over. Shalowed with red upon the green leaf, that it feems Sometimes almoft wholly red. The Stalk is red or reddi~h, bearing fuch like Leaves, eg
zo th Top, where it ¢ divided into divers Small Branches, on which grow B sr Flowers after which come three fquare,
er Tncks.
a Pot-herb, almoft throvghout the Kingdom ; but ve fays, it is fometimes found growing ild.
Year ; Flowers through all Fune and uly ; and the
¢ hg is temperaze, and dry in the fecond Degree : : tick; VIE The Specification. It is pecufiar for cleanfing
Chap. 82. Exglifh Herb “Tin a
the Blood, and {trengthening it in its Crafis, and theretore powerful againft the Scurvy. :
VIL The Preparations: You may make thereof; I. A Liguid Fuice. 2, An Effence. 3. A Deco. dion in Red Wine. 4- dn deid Tinttire. 5. A Syrup. 6. A Saline Tin&ure; 7. 4 Balfam, 8. A Cataplafm. 9. A Pouder of the Seed.
The Virtues,
IX. The Li id Fuice. Taken from one ounce to
CHAP. LXXXIL BLOOD-WORT.
ieviev: In Latin, Lapathum Sanguineum, as if. The Kinds. It isa Species of the Dock, and] i
Blood wort. S. ‘ 4 ‘ Ke, : Wig SS ’ Ui d <I Lie :
—— oug
| Obttruétions, and is rofitable againft the Jaundice, Dofe four oF fix Spooak S, Or ps -
XI. The Decoftion. Ir has the Virtwes of the Ef
ALN vr aD hed ea pe Y box Sas
RY i) 4 LAY) iA = i, J Va es WV ! ‘ \/ Y A 4 = Y fP tt ff : f ’ i" Z g
wardly ‘fed it is good againit Freckl -Tannings,
| Sun-burnings, Morphew, and other like deflenees
. Taken inwardly to fix ounces, it opens
Ubtiructions of the Liver and Spleen, ftrengthens , and ftops all Fluxes of Blood. fb ma
of Roots and Leaves in Red Port
—S
: The Dofe is from a quarter of a fpoon- If, in Wine, or any Proper Vehicle, Be- fides all this, it kills Worms ‘in Children, and is
good againft the Dropfie , q Thirft, reftores ioft Appetite, and takes af the Preternatural heat of Fevers : A ape oe made of it, with the Syrup thereof; to given in all malign and mee Fevers. | XI. The Syrup. It is Pe€toral, good againft
| Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, and fhortnefs of Breath.
} XIV. The Saline Tintture. It urifies the Blood
| by the Urinary pafla es, allays the heat of Fevers, is prevalent again{t Jaundice ‘and Dropfie, and loo:
fens the Belly : Outwardly ufed, it is good againft
A So Scurf; Morphew, and other breakings out
of the Skin.
XV. The Balfam. It eafes Pains, being anointed upon any Part, {peedily cures Green Wounds, clean: fes Ulcers, incarnates, and heals them.
XVI. The Caraplafm. It is Difcuffive, and fome: what Repercuffive, is profitably applied to Contu-
fions, and other Tumors, and gives eafe in the Gout.
Ill. The Deftription. It bas @ Root not kreat,
inter : And as-it is one of the fort of Docks, fo
taller, up
rk, red Seed, like unto
1V. The Places. It grows chiefly in Gardens, as CHAP. LXXXIIL BORAGE,
L*SC HE Names. It is called in Greek, Evrejown; Euphrofine, ab efficienda Voluptate : In, La:
tin, Borago ; dita videtur a Corago, ura litera va- riata. Apuleius {aid that it was called, Corago, quod cord#s affedibus medetur, and from thence it is thought
V. The Times. It rifes up in the Spring of the
is ripe in Auguj?. | VI. The Qualities. Blood-wore in refpe€t to heat
es ifcuffive, and Trauma- tick, fepatick, Splenetick, and Alte-
fence, but-not full out fo powerful , and being Outé
112 Salmon’s
one the Ancient Writers : In Exedi/h, we call it Borage.
Herbal.
ST pe came our name Borage, by the alteration of |which reafon it x called Everlafting, and that very
Lib
etter ; but this name isnot tobe found inany of | properly, becaufe it not only lafts beth Summer and
Winter, but is Jeldom without Buds, Flowers, and
I]. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds hereof: | Seed, ripe and unripe together, by which it wonder- as, 1. Borago Vulgaris, Borago Hortenfis, Horibus | fully increafes.
Cerulets, Common Garden Borage with Blew Flow-
VI. The Places. The firft is common in almoft
ers. 2. Borage flore allio, Borage with a White} all Gardens : The fecond and third are not fo com- Flower. 3. Borago femper Vivens, Everliving Bo-| mon, but they grow with us in Gardens, as eafily
rage.
as the former.
VII. The Times. They Flower throughout all the Summer Months, till the Awtumn is well {pent ; and their Seed ripens in the mean feafon. 5
VIIL. The Qualities. They are Temperate in re- {pet of heat or cold, and moift in the firft Abfterfive, Aperitive, Emollient, Cordial, Alterative, and Alexipharmick. ,
IX. The Specification. They wonderfully chear the Heart, expelling Sadnef$ and Melancholly, ac-
‘ | cording to the Verfe,
Stultis, Leprofis, Tabidis, Timidis, Furiofis, Dicit Borago, gaudio femper ago.
Purificat Sanguinem, & Cor letificat. It purifies the Blood, and makes the Heart merry.
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom : 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Diftilled Water of the whole Plant. 4. ASyrup. 5. An In- fufion in Wine. 6. A Conferve fs the Elowers. 7. Aa Acid Tinfure. 8. A Balfam. 9.- Afbes. 10. A Spirit. .
The Virtues.
XI. The liquid Fuice. It effeCtually purifies the Blood, and is of excellent ufe in all Putrid, Malign, Spotted and Peftilential fevers, to detend the Heart from their Poifon and Malignicy, and to expell the fame, as alfo the Poifon of other Creatures. It cools, opens Obftruétions, cleanfes the Blood and Humors, and is efie€tual in the cure of the Yellow Jaundice.
Wl. The Defcription. It bas a Root, thicker and|Dofe trom three to eight fpoonfuls, or more, im Shorter than that of Buglofs, fomething blackifh with-\ Wine, or mixed with the Diftilled Water, or in out, and whitifh within, perifhing after Seed time,| Some other fit Vehicle, two or three times a day.
but rifes again of its own Sowing, in the Spring of
XII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues ot the
the Year.. The Leaves are broader, fhorter, greener, \ former, more exalted, and theretore more power» rougher, and more crumpled than are the Leaves of pf and effetually cheers the Heart, and expells a
Buglofs. The Stalks hereof are not fo bigh, but |Me
branched out into many parts, whereon ftand larger Howers, and more pointed at the end than Buglofs, and of a paler blew color for the moft part, yet fome- times the Flowers are reddifh , each klower confifts of five Leaves, flanding in a round whitifh hairy busk, divided into five parts, or leaves , in the mid- dle of the Flower grow forth a number of fine black Threads, ftanding out, pointed at the end, and broad at the bottom, which being paft away, there fucceeds Jeveral roundifh black Seeds.
IV. Borago floribus albis, Borage with white flow- ers, #3 @ plant like to the other in all refpetts, ex- cept the color of the Flowers, for as they are perfett- ly blew, thefe are purely white, and in this parti- cular the difference only confifts.
V. The Everliving Borage, has Roots black, thicker than either of the former, and more {preading, not dying in the Winter, but yielding green Leaves all the Winter Jong. It. has very many broad Leaves, rough and hairy, more refembling Comfrey than Bo- Tage, yet not fo large as either, of a black, dark, green color. Among which rife up ftiff bairy Stalks,
ut not fo bigh as thofe of our Common Garden Bo- tage, upon which do grow many fmall, fair, blew Flowers, very like to the Flowers of Buglofs for the form, and of Borage for the color : There are Buds, Flowers, and ripe Seed, all at once, for
ncholly. It isan excellent Cordial, revives the Spirits, ftrengthens Nature, is good againft Fainting and Swooning Fiis, aud other Pafhons of the Heart, and reftores fuch as have been long wa- {ting ina Confumption. It may be given from two to tour or fix ounces at a time,and that two or three times a day, in Wine, or fome other fit Vehicle, and it may be fweetned, or made pleafant with Sy- rup of Borage. This Effence is Traumatick, and contributes very much towards the curing ot Wound or old Running Ulcers, and Fiftula’s, in Bodies o an ill habit.
XII. The Difilled Water, It has the Virtues of the former, but nothing near fo powerful ; but it may be ufed as a Vehicle to convey the other things
in.
XIV. The Syrup. It is of the Nature of the Ef- fence, tho’ not fo Strong and Eife€tual; ir is Cor- dial, opens Obftructions of the Breft and Lungs, helps Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, Aithma’s, fhort- nefs of Breath, and mixt with Juice of Fumitory, it cools and cleanfes the Blood, and is profitable againft the Yellow Jaundice. Dofe two ounces.
XV. The Infufion of the Herb in Wine. It very fenfibly and admirably recreates the Spirits, and gra- tifies or pleafes the Stomach, is good againft the Cardiack Paffion, and Melancholly, and is prevalent againft the Falligg-ficknefs : [fit is a ftrong Infufion, Ate
Mifh. 2 me
Chap. 8, Exnghifh
Hors. SOQ.
it is good againft rednefS and inflammation of the | Fiéld or Heath Broom. 2. Genifiella, Chamegenifta
Eyes, they being wafhed therewith.
Dwarf Broom: Gerard calls it} Chameginefia Ang-
> XVI. The Conferve of the Flowers. They are | dica.
chiefly ufed as a Cordial Sweet-meat, and to reftore fuch as have been long in, a Confumption, being often taken with new Cows Milk, viz. fuch as is warm from the Cow, and in which the heat is pre- ferved all day, by the help of the heat of a Sand Furnace. ; : _ XVIL The Acid Tinfure. Yt is an admirable Stomatick and Cordial, refiefies the languifhing Stomach, and caufés a good A petite : It prevails againit the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice and Gout ; removes Sicknef$ at Heart, and ftops a vehement and preternatural Vomiting. If uféd as a Gargle, by mixing it with fome of the Diftilled Water, and Syrup, it cures Cankers, and Ulcers of the Mouth and Throat, and allays Infammations of thé Tonfils. This Tindure is a notable thin againft all burning, malign, putrid, and peftilential Fevers, and _protli- gates even the Plague ir felf ; for ir Pcl ere allays the preternatural heat, quenches the violent thirlt, refifts the putridity of the Humors, and pro- fligates the Poifon of the very Peftilence it fel It cools, opens Obftruftions, and rettifies the Difcrafie of the Blood and Humors, beyond many other more Specious, and much Celebrated Medicaments. : XVIII. The Balfam. It is an excellent Vulnerary ; it cleanfes old Ulcers, and other Putrid and Run- ning Sores ; and heals green Wounds to a miracle ; I commend it by Experience to my Countrymen. XIX. ‘The Afhes. If they be boiled ia Mead or Honeyed Water, it will be aGargle for the curing tions of the Throat and Tonfils, Ulcers of
_ the Mouth, &c. And if they be boiled in fair Wa-
ter, and that water mixed with Juice of Fumitory, it will make a Lotion againft Scabs, Itch, Tettars, ingworms, Scurf, Morphew, and other breakings
ngw . Out, arifing ftom fharp and aduft Humors. XX. Th
é Spirit. It is made of the Juice of the Plant, fermented with Honey, Sugar, Melloffus, or Leaven, and then Diftilled in an Alembick. It is a aa Cordial, much exceeding Spirit of Wine in ainting and Swooning Fits, Sicknefs at Heart, Pal- pitation, and other Pajfions of the Heart : It chears the Spirits, recreates Nature, and makes Merry, pro-
iN} FG <1 NAF ely Ly
; \ ASW RS f 3 ears V4
Ill. The Deftription. Common Broom bas a Root which is long and woody, but tough withal, Spreading Several ways under the Earth, never perifhing, but Sending forth new.Shoats every Year, and. more efpes cially, if the old Stalks are. tut down, and taken as way. From thefe Roots come docile many woody Stems or Stalks, of the bignefs of a Man’s Finger at bottom, Sometimes bigger, fometimes leffer, according to its length of time in growing, rifing up to the beight of four or five Feet, or more, and Spreading into feve- ral the like woody Branches, making a kind of Shrub
fligating the moft profound powers of Melancholly.| or Bufh, as it were, covered with ahard and thin Dofg one Dram, or two, to four Drams, alone, if| dark, grayifh, green Bark, from which fhoot forth a dulcified, otherwife to be mixed with a Glafs of| great number of flender, plant, fquare or cornered
ine.
CHAP. LXXXIV. B R O O M Common.
ml HE Names. This our Broom was fcarcel known. to the Ancient Greeks, though -fome have given it the name of Saderiw Spartion : However it is called generally in Latin, Genifia, and Scoparia, as Gerard and Parkinfon , fome fup- pole it to be called Genifta a genuum Hlexilitate, om the flexiblenefS of its Joints ; or, Quia genibus _medeatur dolentibus, becaufe it eafes the pain of the Knees: or, guod facile generet, peciemque propaget,
Small Twiggs, like Rufbes, upon which grow fmall, dark, green Leaves. The Flowers are large, and of a golden yellow fhining color, growing one above anos ther for a good /pace, till they come to the Tops of the Branches, which turn into hard, flat, fmall Cods, als moft black when they are ripe, and in which are cons tained {mall and Jhining, brownifh Seed.
IV. Geniftella or Dwarf Broom has a Root song and tough, long lafting, onl fpreading much under ground : This Plant never grows very great or bigh, neither come its fender, pliant, green Branches to be hard or woody, but they always keep low, rifing up but a little mors than a foot in height. Upon its green pliant twigs, are fet {mall and fomething long. Leaves, of a dark, green color on the upper fide, and gray underneath, abiding on them all the Summer time : at the tops grow {mall yellow Flowers, not So
| yellow, nor fo large ax the former, but like unto
-becaufé it eafily encreafes, and is not without trouble them for the form ;, which being paft, there fucceeds
‘ ed where it takes Rooting : alfo Genefla ax- &ulofa trifolia,as F. Baubin and Mr. Ray : In Engii/h,
; ‘and Common Broom. AL. The Kinds. alps are ag Bids, eso _ we fhall take notice of in this Book : 1. The Eng- The Spanifh. The Englifh Broom is twofold, _ 18. 1. Scoparia, or. Genifta vulgaris, owt Common
little long Pods or Cods of Seed; which are like to th , but fmaller. : ; The pee The firft grows very plentifully insmany places of ovr Land,as upon Heaths, Bare ren Places, and Uncultivated Grounds, as well ag in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain : The seas is alfo found in many Parts at this Kingdom ;. an dig
Ii4, alfo found in Hungary : about thirty Years fince as I was a walking, I found it in fome Wafte and Bar- ren Grounds about Low-Layton near London : This is fuppofed to be Clufius his Chamagenifta Pannoni- ca 1ma,i ‘
- The Times. They Flower fometimes earlier, fometimes later in the Summer Months, asin Fune and Fuly, to the end of Augu/t, and the Seed ripens in the mean feafon.
_ VIL. The Qualities. They are both hot and dry in the ord Degree, and fd to be of nea he fame, and equal Virtues : They are Aperitive, Ab-
tick, and Alterative:: but the Seed fay is Ca- thartick,
VILL. The Specification. It is of peculiar ufe a- ; Jaundice, Gout, and Kings-Evil, ftempers of the Reins and Bladder. IX. The ote You may make from thefe boss & 1.4 shes pF Water... 2. Repicgs in ine. 3. A Liguid Fuice. An Infpifjate Fuice. 5: An iiince. "6 An Oil aiid o A Spiri- tuous Tintture. 8. An Acid Tinure. 9. An Oily Tindure. 10. A. Saline Tintture. 11. A Syrup. 12. A Fixed Salt of the Afhes. 13. A Pouder of the Leaves and Seeds. 14. A ot alg of the Flow- ers. 15. An Oil. 16. An Ointment. 17. A Bal- Sam. 18. Geniftemel. 19. A Cataplafm. 20. A Pickle of the Buds.
The Virtues.
X. The diftilled Water. Whether it is made of the Flowers, or of the green Branches, or both, it is faid to be good inft Surfeits ; and taken with equal quantities of the lefler Centory Water, and the Patient laid down to-Sweat upon it, it is faid to alter the Fits of Agues. It is a good Vehicle tor fome of the following P.: tions.
XI. The Decottion in Wine. It is good againft
the a tein oat | and Gout, and to cleanfe the
Reins, and Bladder, of Sand, Gravel, and ONL The te iid Fis made of ¢ hgquid Fuice, the young Bran- ches, and flowery Heads. \t purges ‘donwiieds Phlegmatick and Watry Humors, and therefore is good for fuch as have the Dropfie, more efpecially if it is ufed with White Port, or Rheni/b Wine: but poffibly in fome other cafes it may be better ufed with Water. It is profitable againft the Gout and Sciatica, and other pains of the Joints and Limbs. It eafes pains in the Sides, and is good a- ainft Tumors of the Spleen. It cleanfes the Keins, Bret, and Bladder, of Stones, Sand, and Gravel, or any Tartarous Matter Obftruting them, bring- ing forth the offending Matter by Urine, which it admirably provokes. Dofe three, four or fix oun ces in Wine, twice or thrice a day, as you fee need
fequires.
“TIL The Infpiffate Fuice. The Virtues are the fame with the former. Dofe from j. to jij. drams : diffolve it in Wine over a gentle heat, and {0 drink
it.
XIV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, before enumerated : It opens Obftru- &tions of the Liver and Spleen, is good againft Pains and Stitches in the Sides, difficulty of Breathing, and fhortnefs of Breath ,; and as it cleanfes the Reins and Urinary paflages of Gravel and Stones, it is faid fo ly to remove the Caufe, as to. hinder their ever breeding again. Moreover, it prevails againft the Kings-Evil, and powerfully {trikes at the Root of the Caufe. It opens Obftruétions of the Womb, and provokes the Terms in Women, where
~Salmon’s Herbal, Lib. L
they are ftopt. Dofe five, fix or eight fpoonfuls, im White Port or Rhenifh Wine. : XV. The diftilled Oil. It ismade from the Seed and Roots dried, as Oil of Saffafras, and other like things is made. Its ufe is External to Anoint wi to take away Spots, Freckles, Pimples, and other deformities of the skin. Me XVI. The Spirituous Tinfture. \t is a peculiar thing againft the Scurvy, and to ftrengthen the Sro- mach and Bowels, whilft the Dtopfie is in curing. Dofe two drams. XVIL. The Acid Tinfure. fit is often and lo
: | taken, it deftroys the Scurvy, Dropfie, and Kings
Evil in their Roots, and d wk y the prxternatural heat in all Burning, Malign, Peftilential Fevers; It opens Obftruftions of all the Vi/cera,and ina word, pertorms all that the Liquid Juice or Effencecando; . and with this advantage, that this may be taken ~ where there is an extreme weaknefs of the Stomach, when thofe things cannot. It helps fhorinefs o} Breath, and difficulty of Breathing, ftrengthens a weak Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite in fuch as loath their Food, or cannot endure to fee it in their fight. Dofe from a quarter to almoft half a {poonful, in Ale, Beer, or Wine, three, four or five times a day.
XVII. The Oily Tinture. It is good againft ex- ternal Evils, and deformities of the Skin, as Spots, Freckles, Lentils, Pimples, Wheals, Scurf, Mor- phew, and fuch other like Difeafés , eafes Pains and Aches from a cold caufe, in what part of the Body foever : and being taken inwardly from ten drops to twenty, or more, in any Diuretick Vehicle, it gives prefent eafe to Pains of the Back, though never fo extream, provokes Urine, takes away heat and fcalding chebenk, and expells Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Matter.
XIX. The Saline Tinflure. It is good in hot Tu- mors, and all hot Eruptions, and detormities of the Skin, proceeding from heat, or where they happen in hot Conftitutions. Inwardly given, it power- fully provokes Urine, and therefore may be of good ufe in the Dropfie Sarcites, to drain the water out of the whole Body. It kills fmall Worms in the Skin, which breed in an extravagant manner in fome People, chiefly in the Forehead, Nofe and Chin.
XX. The Syrup. If it is made of the Juice, it has the Virtues of the Juice, and Effence, but not full out fo powerful ; however it is better for Chil- dren, Ladies, and fuch as are Queafie Stomached : It purges gently, and carries off the Kecrements of Humors. Dofe two ounces to four in a Glafs of Port Wine : It is a fingular thing againft the Drop- fie, Jaundice and King’s-Evil.
KXL The Fixed Sa/t. It is made of the Afhes by Elixiviation in Water, being drank daily in Ale, Beer, or Wine, it is faid alone to cure the Dropfy, and to be a Specifick for the fame. Dofe froma {cruple to half a dram, in every good draught of Ale, Beer or Wine. And fo taken in White or Rhe- nifh Wine, it is not only a Specifick againft the Dropfie, but as Authors fay, it cures the Green- ficknefs alfo : however it is not to be ufed in too great a quantity, left it fhould by its vehement ape- ritive and abiterfive Qualities, fret or hurt the Bowels, but it may be given in the Liquid Juice or Effence, whereby it exalts their Virtues, and makes
-them the more powerful to all the intentions they
are propofed for.
XL. The Pouder of the Leaves and Seed. Ta- ken to a = or dram a in ae oe it purges downwards Cold, Flegmatick, and Watery Hamat, expells the Water in Dropfies, helps the Gout and Sciatica; and by a conftant “nae in.
ine,
. | ee oe Oe
Wine, it cures the Black Jaundice, and preferves from the Gout and Stone. . . . weaae
XXIII. The Conferve of the Flowers. Made with Sugar or Honey, and often eaten, it wafts and de- ftroys the Humors which feed the Kings-Evil.
XXIV. The Oil. It is made of the young Bran- ches and Flowers, boiled in Oil Olive; till they are Crifp, @c. It is a fafe and fure Medicament to kill Lice, Nits, and other Vermin, in the Head or Body ; did being a to the Sciatica, it helps it.
. KXV. The Ointment. It is made of the young Branches bruifed, and the Flowers, by boiling them in Oil, adding Sheeps Suet and Wax to bring it to a body, &c. This being applied to Sides pained, or } where Stitches are, or to ie Spleen, eafes the pain, | and removes it at twice or thrice ufing.
XXVI. The Balfam. It is made of the young Twigs and Flowers, &c. being ie to green Wounds,or foul, running, and putrid Ulcers, it clean- fes, incarnates, and heals them in a very fhort time. The fame will be done by a Balfam made of the Li- | em Juice and Turpentine, boiled to a thicknefs, ad-
i sf a little Oil and Wax.
XVII. Geniflemel. It is made by boiling the Li-
id Fuice and Honey to a thickne/s. It cures green
ounds prefently. It alfo cleanfes old, runnin and putrid Ulcers, fills them With Flefh, and hea them: And apply’d to Kibes in the Feet, with pou- | der of Scammony, it cures them in a very fhort
‘0 time. XXVIIL. The Cataplafm. It is to be made of ‘the tender Tops and Flowers, beaten till they be- : come a MafS in a Wooden Mortar. Being applied, it is faid to help the bitings of Serpents, other Venomous Creatures.
XXIX. The Pickle. The young Buds of the Flowers are ufually Pickled , and they make an ex- cellent Sallet for the Winter time, but it is of ufe thro’ the whole Year ; it excites the Appetite, cau- fes a good Digeftion, opens Obftruétions of the Liver, Spleen and Reins, and provokes Urine.
CHAP. LXXXV. BROOM Spanipp.
L HE Names. It is called in Greek Exignor ; in Latig, Spartium, and Spartum Hifpani-
cum: and in-Englifh, Spanifh Broom. | Il. The Kinds. There are, 1. Spartum Hifpani- | cum, and Spartum Hifpanicum frutex (to diftin- EB: ith it ftom the Sedge or Rufh, that is fo called ) partum Gracorum, Genifta Hifpanicum, and Spar- | aie tum Hifpanicum vulgare, Common Spanifh Broom. 2. Spartum Hifpanicum majus flore albo, Pfeudo- Spartum Hifpanicum Aphyllum, Spanifo Broom with ae a White Flower, Spanifh Broom without ec? Leaves. 3. Spartum Hifpanicum flore luteo, Pfeudo- Spartum luteum re 0 Spanifh Broom with a yellow Flower, or the yellow Baftard Broom with- out Leaves. bi | Ub The Defription, The ft of thefe bas ¢ ie 2 tough, woody Root, Voreading it felf under the Earth ; many ways 5 from whence rifes up a Stalk five or fix Feet high, with a woody Stock below, covered with a dark Gray, or Afb-coloured Bark, and having above many pliant, long, and flender crefted green twigs, hereon, in the beginning of the Tear, are fet many Small, long, green Léaves, which abide not long, but
fall | the Plant comes to flower. Towards abe t of thefe Branches or Togs grow the Elow-
Diag -
ers, fafhoned like unto Broom lowers, but larger as yellow as they, and fmelling as well; after which come Jmall, long, round, yellowifh red Cods, — at the back, wherein is contained blackifh flat Seed, fafbioned very like unto the Kidney Bean, but the Cods ( fays Gerard) rarely contain more iban one Seed, feldom tivo,
IV. Spartum Hifpanicum majus flore albo, The greater White flowred Spanifh Broom, bas a Root like the bbe from whence grows up a Stem much So than the yellow, even to five or fix Feet high, ow,
‘
Z fr J
ofe Branches are more tough, apt to bend, and compliant, than the former, or that following, having — Q2 mall
116 Salmon’s Herbal, isa h
Ve, DY ih a . oy) ZN
(fe
Stalk of the bignefs of ones Thumb at bottom ; and grows to be about two Feet bigh, whofe bark is rough, and fee all along, fending forth ae) sree, Slender, pliant Branches, which divide themfelves again into many other fmaller Twigs, whereon for a while after they are fhot forth, abide a few fmall Leaves, until they begin to shoot out Flowers, and then fall away, leaving the Branches naked, and without Leaves all the reft of the Year after : from the Sides and Foints of the fmaller Twigs, fhoot forth Small long Stalks, bearing many Flowers, fmaller and yellower than the former Spartum, without any Scent for the moft part : after which come {mall round skinny Cods, containing for the moft part but one Seed in them, and fafhioned fomewbat like unto the Kidney Bean, which when they are ripe, will by oe Shaking of the Wind, make a sift in their ods
VI. The Places. They all grow in Spain, Italy, France, and other Southern Countries ; ‘but the firft of them grows with us in Gardens, only as an Or- nament, fays Parkinfon, goes other ry as Plants, to pleafe the Senfes of Seeing and Smel-
ling. Vi. The Times. The firft and Re Flowers in } i and May, and beginning of “Fwne ; the third owers in February: and their Seed is ripe before Winter the firft, which gos in our Gardens, its Seed is nor ripe till very lave in the Year. VILL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, Virtues and Ufes, are the fame in all refpe&ts with Exglifh Broom, excepting, that thefg Spanifh Brooms are ftronger in operation, and more al to the purpofes intended ; infomuch, that being given in- wardly in many of theit Preparations as the Eng- lifh, they not only work downwards, but cleanfe the Stomach and Body by Vomiting alfo : this be- ing faid, we fhall fay no more of them here, but referr you to the former Chapter.
CHAP. LXXXVI.
BROOM Rape.
L HE Names. It is called in Greek OesBérxn ; | in Latin, Orobanche, Cauda Leonis , Clufius calls it Hamodoron, as Theopbraftus, lib. 8. cap. 8. or Leimodoron, as others have it : and in Eng/i/h, it is called mag ie ' Il. The Kinds. Of this Broom-Rape there are fe- veral Kinds, as, 1. That which proceeds from the Roots of the Englifh-Broom. 2. That which pro- Dey ceeds from the Roots of the Spanifh Broom. 3. That} ILI. The Defcription. Broom-Rape has a bulbous which proceeds from the Dyers Weed : all thefe] Root, or a Root round and: fcaly, which adheres or have but one Defcription, though arifing from the | grows unto the Roots of Broom, big or large inte Roots of thofe feveral Plants. Lobe/ and Clufius| and fmaller above, covered with blackifh Scales, an make other Varieties, 1. That which has longer | of ayellowifh Pulp within : from this Root does rife and finaller Flowers than the other, or common {fort ‘ a Stalk of the bigne/s of a Finger or Thumb, and has. 2. That which has larger Flowers, and thofe | about a /pan long , fometimes a Foot, or two Feet . of a blewith color, and is fometimes found among | high, which bas a fhew of Leaves om it, and wey Corn. 3. That which is parted towards the Top | Flowers about the Top of it, fomewhat’ whitifh, of mo,
Sadek oath aioe
‘into feveral Branches, whofe Flowers are either ‘Blew, Puli or White, and is fometimes found amongft Hem
—- "=e FT
‘ - 7
Chap. 87. Exglifb Herbs: u 7
moft like to thofe of dead Nettles ; or fomething re-\ Il. The Kinds. The Arabian, Greek and Roman Sembling the Flowers of Orchis, but larger, and of | Authors affirm it to be a Species of Lapathum, or a deadifh yellow color, as the Stalks and Leaves alfo\ Dock, which that laborious Botanift Abrabem Mun- are, after which grow forth long, thick and round \ ting in his famous Herbal, publifhed in Hol/and, in busks, in which are contained very many Seeds, yet} Folio, Anno 1696, has fufficiently demonftrated: good for nothing ; but Parkinfon fays, it perifbes|And of this Plant there are two fpecial kinds, without Seed. 1. The European, fimply called Britannica, and Bri
IV. The Places. Gerard fays, that Broom-Rape is|tannica Antiquorum vera, or Britanny. 2. The A+ not to be found any where but where Broom grows. | merican, called by the atorenamed Author, Britan4 It may be found in a Broomfield at the foot of] mica Americana; and from fome of the places where: Shooters-bill next London , upon Hampftead-Heath,| it grows, Britannica Virginiand, American, ox Virgi7 and in feveral other places. But Parkinfom fays,| nian Britanny. it Ae more often where no Broom grows, viz. by Fields and Hedge fides, and upon Heaths ; and other Authors fay, in Corn-fields and Hemp-lands.
V. The Times. It rifes up, and appears, and: is in its chief perfe€&tion in the Month of Fume.
VI. The Qualities. It is Temperate in refpett to Heat or Cold, Drynefs or Moifture, Aperitive, Ab- fterfive, Diuretick, and Vulnerary ; Hepatick, Ne- phritick, and Alterative.
VII. Ihe Specification. Its peculiar property is to provoke Urine, and help the Strangury.
. The Preparations. You may make there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decottion. 4. An Infolated Oil. 5. A Balfam. 6. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
TX. The liquid Fuice. It is an extraordinary} thing to cure not only green Wounds, but alfo run- ning Sores, old, filthy, running Ulcers, and malig- nant breakings out whatfoever.
X. The Effence. It is thought to be as effettual in Opening Obftru€tions of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, provoking Urine, and expelling Sand, Gra- vel, Stones, of any Vifcous, Tartarous or Slimy Matter out of the 7 es allighe, as Broom it felf: Dofe three or four ounces at a time, Morning and Evening, in a glafs of White Wine.
XI. ‘Me Decoltion. It has the Virtues of the Ef fence, but not all out fo powerful.
XII. The Infolated Oil. It ought to be made of four or five repeated Infufions of the top Stalks with the Flowers, {trained forth and cleared. It is faid to cleanfe the Skin of all manner of Spots, Freckles, Lentils, Sun-burning, Tanning, and other like deformities which rife through heat of the Sun, or fuperabundancy of malign Humors.
. The Balfam. \t is cleanfing, incarnative,and healing, and therefore beneficial againft all forts of | old, putrid, malign, and running Sores and Ulcers : } It heals Wounds admirably, and conglutinates their | Lips in a very fhort time.
Ri. The Cataplafm. It is good againft Burnings and Scaldings, eafés Pain, difcuffes Swellings and Contufions, where the Skin is not broken, and fof- tens hard Tumors.
WT Dark coloured « ~ HaterDack
oun ae?
Tif. This Plant has layen in the Dark for many Ages, ever fince the Times of the Ancient Romansy to whom it was well known, and by whom it was much ufed, as Avicen, Diofcorides, Pliny, Galen, figineta, FEtiws, Orobafiws, and others, teftifie ; whereby it is manifeft, that in Ancient times it was famous for its’ cures, which it performed in the Roman Armies, which in Britenny and the Low Countries, they laboured under, being chiefly the Scurvy, or Scorbutick Diftempers, as Diarrhea’s, of. Fluxes of the Bowels, Pains or Aches, Loofenefs of Teeth; &c. for which reafon Claudius Cefar carried it along with him to Rome, ordering it to be fpread upon the Pageants of his Triumph, and to be hung. up in the Capitol : And Nero himfelf took care of it afterwards for its Culture, by caufing it to he Nurft up in the Gardens of Rome. But it feems when the Gorbs, and other Barbarous Nations over-. run the Roman Empire, and the greateft patt of Chtiftendom, deftroying and rooting up every thing they came near, that this Plant was buried or loft, in that Univerfal Deftru&tion of almoft pes |
CHAP. LXXXVIL BRITANN Y.
i E Names. It is called by Pliny, lib. 20. BE cap. 21.%n Greek “rdeoratmudev, tydrolapa- thum: in Latin, Lapathum ‘stie th longifolium nigrum, Hydrolapathum, Hydrolapathum nigrum, and Britannica: in Englifh, the Wild Black long-leav'd|, t~ ér-Dock, or Black Water-Dock, and Britanny, which laft is its moft Common Appellation, sh) aaa ‘
ys
118 Salmon’s
and has lain forgotten for above eight hundred Years, till this our Author difcovered it anew.
IV. The name of this Plant, Britannica, came not, fays Muating, from the Ifland of that Name, but its Etymology ( fays he ) is taken from the Frifian
nguage, Brit fignifying Con/folidare, vel firmare, Tan, Dens, and Ica, /oofe, or a thing going forth, which is as much as to fay, to faften loofe Teeth, the loofnefS of the Teeth and Gums being one of the Grand Symptoms of the Scurvy. But by that great Man’s favour, we can give little credit to that
Herbal.
around tuberous body like the former, from which Head grows downward into the Earth, feveral Arms or Branches, which are thick, brownifh without, aad yellowiyfh within : from this Root rifes up one up-. right Stalk of feveral feet bigh, which kas alfa. Foints upon it like knees, from whence come forth very long and large Leaves, firong and hard, not mich unlike to Monks Rhubarb, but that thefe. are much longer. The Stalk ( which as very like that of other Docks ) rifes up oftentimes to a confiderable
height, about the middle of which it fends fortha .
far fetch’d Etymology, it being always a thing known, |£7¢at number of Branches not much uniike the Eu-
that the pride of the Ancient Romans was too great to invent, or inveftigate any thing whatfoever with a Latin Name, whofe Etymology {hould arife from the unpolifhed Particles or Words of Barbarous Na- tions; Without doubt the Romans firft finding it in England or Britannia in great plenty ( tho’ after- wards they might find it in Friefland, and other places of the Low Countries ) gave it the Denomi- nation ftom the Name of the Countrey they firft ‘found it in, and fo called it Britannica, quafi Herba Britannica, and this is that which I adhere to, and really believe.
V. All the Botanifts of the laft fix or feven hun- dred Years, knew ore all of it: indeed they have named Britannica, but they never durft ven- ture to fix it, fo as to deferibe it, or figure it in Sculpture. And according to the feveral Ages, {e- veral kinds of Herbs or Plants, were taken to be this Plants of ours, as, Biftortq, Betonica, Beccabunga aquatica, Bugla, Cochlearia, Heptapbyllon, Plantago
watica, Primula veris, Tormentilla, Veronica, and everal Others ; all which were falfly, in their feve- ral Ages, faid'to.be the Britannica of the Ancients: and the two famous Bazbins, who fpent their whole lives in the Botanick Study, made fo great a mi- ftake, as to take Colubrina, ot a fort of Snake-weed for it: And Cambden makes our Eng/ifh Herborifts to fay, that Scurvy-grafs was the true Britannica Play , than which nothing is more remote : with- out doubt this our Hydrolapathum nigrum, is the genuine or true Britannica of the Ancients, its de- {cription agreeing exa€tly in‘every particular with their defcriptions, and performing every thing, and more than they afcribed to it, ©
VI. The. Defeription. The firft of thefe, which 7s our European or Englith kind,bas a Tuberous Root, large and roundifh, fending forth from it almoft round about, feveral Arms or Branches of a confi- derable thickne/s, all which feem knobbed or gouty, and ill fhaped: From this Root rifes up feveral Leaves pretty large, not much unlike to thofe of the largeft Dock, but every way broader and longer, growing upright, and sharp pointed, fometimes of a blackifh green, fometimes of a purphifh green, and Sometimes of a yellowifh green color, fometimes dpe: ted, and fometimes not. From the midft of thefe Leaves rifes up, one pre large Stalk, fometimes three or four Feet bigh, of the Jhape and color of an ordinary Dock, except that fometimes it is inclining to. a reddifh green; it has a kind of Foints, whence Spring forth Leaves like the former, but much lefs and from the fame places it fends forth manifold Branches, not much unlike to the Common Water Dock, but more numerous, larger and bigher. The Flowers grow all over thefe Branches, almoft from their very beginning, up-even to their feveral Tops, ina kind of Cafe or Husk, each fet upon a fmall, Slender, fhort kootftalk, and of a brown color ; which being vanifbed, the Seed is contained in Chaffy busks, not much unlike to other Dock Seed, efpecially that of the Water Dock. _
VII. Ibe American or Virginian Britanny bas a
ropean, which have fome few Leaves, like the others upon them, but much lefs. The Flowers grow in vaft numbers upon all thefe Branches fingle, and each upon a {mall fhort Footftalk, even from their begin- ning up to their very tops, fet in paces at certain diftances, in a feeming Uniform manner : After the flowers are pelt away, the Seed comes, which is con- tained in a Chaffy Husk like the firft, and differs not mitch from it,neither in fhape, nor color, nor magnitude.
VIL. The Places. It commonly grows in Marfhy and Fenny Grounds, banks of Ditches, and moift Places, and in fides of Ditches, and watry Plathes which are between the Land Ground and Fen Grounds in feveral parts of this Kingdom: I found fome of it in the Borders of the Fens in Cambridge. Shire and Huntingdonfhire, and in other moift and watry places. It grows plentitully alfo in kriefland, Overyfjel, Gelderland, and Holland, and pofhbly in many other places in the Low Coutries.
IX. The Times. It {hoots forth its Leaves in April , its Flowers in the latter end of May, or beginning of Fune ; and its Seed is ripe in Auguft. The Root is to be gathered in the beginning of the Spring, ot in Autum, viz. in March or September 5 the Leaves and Flowers in Fume and Fuly; and the Seed in the latter end of Augu/t, .or beginning of SC he ge slities. Te i feet f
é Lualities. lt is temperate in re xe) heat or cold, but dry in the latter end of the fecond. Degree. It is Aftringent, Aperitive, Digeftive, and Traumatick ; Stomatick, Hepatick, Hyiterick, Ar- thritick and Alterative. ,
XI. The Specification. It is peculiar for the curing. the Scurvy, and all forts of Fluxes of what kind, foever; and Munting fays, it is a Specifick againgt Poifons and Convulfions. :
XI. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A
Decottion. 4. A Spirituous Tintture. 5. A Spirit
by Kermentation. 6. A Balfam or Ointment. 7. The tixed Salt. 8. The Pouder of the Root,
The Virtues.
XIII. The liquid Fuice. Given to five or fix fpoonfuls, or more, either by it felf} or mixt with Ked Port Wine, it ftrengthens and confirms the Stomach and Bowels, and powerfully refifts the Scurvy in all its appearances, viz. with all its Symptoms, as Ulcers and Cankers in the Mouth,
loofenefs of the Teeth, wandering pains, weaknefs
and ficknef$ at Stomach, &c. It is good alfo againft all manner of Fluxes wharfoever, as Diarrhea’s, Dy- fenteries, Lienteries, Hepatick Fluxes, overflowing ot the Terms in Women, ec. It is to be taken Morning and Evening for fome time.
XIV. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues,
befides which, it is {aid to cure Pleurifies, Quinfies,
the Hemorrhoids, and all forts of Inflammations and is very Rogestal and ficefSful in the cure Hydropical Di
a gat with the Fixed Salt of the fame Plant.
tis alfo an extraordinary Traumatick, forthe cu- Root confifting of a Head thick and gouty, but not of | ting of Wounds and old Ulcers, being taken ct:
Lab
iftempers, more efpecially it it is im-
a aint ‘ . F g
ing, Noon, and Night for fome time, two or three’ crenato, great Brooklime, with a long dented Leaf: ounces for a Dofe in a GlafS of Wine. _ . Anagallis aquatica rectius Veronica aquatica minor
XV. The Decoéfion. It has all the Virtues of the Folia oblongis non crenatis, The \efler Brooklime Juice and Effence, but not all out fo powerful ; it] with a long leaf not dented. There are feveral 4s an excellent Traumatick, and Antifcorbutick, and | other Kinds, as that folis Pulegij, foliis Alfine, and prevails apne fpitting and piffing of Blood, and | Axgu/fifolia, but not being common with us I for- all. other Fluxes of Blood whatfoever. bear them.
XVI. The Spirituous Tindure. \t has all the Vir- tues of the liquid Juice and Effence, a famous thing apna. the Scurvy in acold and moift habit ot
ody, a very great ftomatick, py that Vifcus in all its faculties: It is a kind of Panacea, and a Specifick againft Convulfions, and Poifons, yea the Plague it elf ; it ftops all forts of Fluxes, and. ftrengthens the Vi/cera to a Miracle : but it (as alfo the other Preparations ) ought not to be given:to Coftive Bodies, by reafon of their Aftrin-
gency. XVI. The Nag It is made of the Juice by Fer- mentation : and is ufed ( being dulcified ) as a Cor- dial Antifcorbutick, and to comfort and ftrengthen the Bowels in Hydropick and Confumptive Perfons, and. fuch as have been in long Fluxes : being held in the Mouth, it ftrengthens the Gums, and faftens loofe Teeth. Dofe from half an ounce to.an ounce twice a day, or upon any fainting or illnefs. VIL Lhe Badfam, or Ointment. It cleanfes, in- Carnates, and heals fingularly well ; it cures Green| Wounds at two or three times dreffing, by reafon} «of its Stypticity. Applied to the Hemorrhoids, and | the Gout, it eafes the pains of thofe Parts. ) XIX. The Fixed Sait. It is fingular againft Quin-} fies, Pleurifies, and other Inflammations of the Vif-| cera, Opens Obftructions of the Reins, provokes} Urine, and abforbs the Acid Humor, which is the caufe of Fluxes of the Bowels ; it alfo helps to car- | Off the Watry Humor in ug ae Dofe from | cen to thirty grains, in any Homogene. Liquor, } Decottion, &c. proper againft the fame Difeafes, two or three times a day. XX. The Pouder of the Root. It may be given} from half a dram to two drams, Morning and Night, | in any Flux of the Bowels, whether Simple or | Bloody ; it is alfo good againft the Terms in Wo- men, {pitting and piffing of Blood, or any weaknef- | fes of thofe parts ; it {trengthens the Stomach and | tefifts Vomiting. It may be given in Port Wine, or] other Vehicle pect againft the Diftemper. Strew- ed upon moift and running Ulcers, it dries up the} Humor, and. difpofes them to. heal. XXI. The American has the fame Qualities, Spe- | cification, Preparations, Virtues and Ufes with the | former.
SX “WE EY F
72 Brookline |
ah Aa Se
CHAP. LXXXVIIL BROOKLIME.
I. HE Names. ie is called in Greek, ’Avafanals
twdese: In Latin, Anagallis aquatica, and Becabunga ( from the German Word:: ) ‘and in Eng- lifh, Brooklime, and Water Pimpernel.
A pega coy are feveral Kinds of Mex nt, as, 1. Amagaliys Aquatica vulgaris, Becabun- as Pai me calls. i Conon Brooklime, which
Mi. Rap Anagallis retiws Veronica aquatica}
minor, folio fubrotundo'; flore ceriuleo, as F. Baubin.
2. Amagallis rettius Veronica aguatica folio rotun-
diore major, este. rg the greater Brook-
lime, and. greater round-leav'd Brooklime: 3: Aza- gallis rethius Veronica aquatica major folio oblongo Se se
has a Root white, low, and creeping, with fine firings /pringing therefrom at every Foint , from whence
Ill. The Defcription. Ovr Vulgar Brodklime -
rife up flat, thick Stalks, which are Pes =
td
I 20
Salmons Herbal
"Tab.
divided into feveral Branches, having on them thick, Smooth, and broad deep green Leaves, fomewhat like to thofe of vie aed but of a deeper green color, and fet upon the Stalks by couples. ‘The. Flowers Srow upon {mall, long, tender Foot{talks, which thrufi themfelves forth from the Bofom of the Leaves, of a perfett blew color, and not much unlike to the. Leaves Pay Flowers of the Land Pimpernel, confifting of ¢ {mall round pointed Leaves apiece, which being Sone, ina fhort time after comes a fort of {mall Seed.
IV. The Greater Brooklime’; this differs nothing from the former, but in having larger, and rounder Leaves, and a paler blew colored Flower.
V. The Greater long leav’d. Brooklime ;, this dif- fers little, or almoft nothing from the former, but in the leaf, which # longer pointed, and dented about the edges ; and in the ¥lowers, which are of a pale whitifh blew color.
VI. The Leffer long leav’d Brooklime, this has a Root confifting of a {mall bufh of White Fibres, but not running»far, from whence Pring many fmooth, pale, green Leaves, fmall at the bottoms, but broad and round’ at the. ends, long. and not dented, which lying upon the ground, are almoft like thee of the common Field Daify : the Stalk is round, about a Foot, more or lefs, bigh, with divers fmaller Leaves thereon, fet one by one up to the Top, jrem whence come forth many branched Spikes of white Flowers, confifting of one Leaf divided into five parts, grow- ing at firft as-it were in an umble, but afterwards more {pike fafbion'd.
Vil. The Places. They nor by River fides, {mall running Brooks, ftanding Waters, and Ditch fides. The laft of them grows in the Marshes of Dartfora in Kent, alfo between Sandwich and Sandown -Caftle, and in the Ditches on this fide Sandwich.
VIII. The Times. They all flower in’ Fune and Ty and yield their Seed in Augu/t.’
IX. The Qualities. aly 4 are hot and dry in the fecond Degree, Digeftive, Difcuffive, Attractive and Diuretick ¢Stomatick, Hepatick, Nephtitick, Hy- fterick, Alterative, Spermatogenetick. > -
X. The Specification: At is peculiar’ againft the Scurvey, to cleanfe the Blood, and open Obftrutti- ons of the Womb. ;
XI. The, Preparations. You may make there- from, 1. A Diftilled Water. 2. A Spirit. 3 A liquid Fuice. 4, An Effence. 5. A Spirituous Tin- tture. 6. Am Acid Tinflure. 7. A Saline Tin- éture.* 8. An Oily Tiniluree 9. A Fixed. Salt. 10. A Catapla/m.
The Virtues. ©
XII. The Diftilled Water from the whole Plant. It is good againft Stone and Gravel in the Reins, Uretets, and Bladder, opens Obftru€tions’ of the Urinary Paffages, and is ufed as a Vehicle, to con- vey the other Preparations of the Herb in. “Dofe five or fix ounces twice or thrice a day.
XU. The Spirit. It is made as Spirit of Scur- vy-grafs. Tt is good for a weak Stomach, rettifies
rudities, and removes NaufeoufnefS and Vomiting, and other Diftempers of that Bowel, and therefore is a very effectual thing again{t the Scurvy, which the Greeks call the Stomach Difeafé, as having its Root and Foundation there. Dofe thirty, or forty drops jn Wine, or fome other proper Vehicle, Morn- ing and Evening chietly ;.but it may be given at other'times of the Day upon any occafion of Sto- mach ficknefS. It is an excellent thing in cold Con- Mtitutions ; but fuch as are of a hot habit of Body are to forbear it. a
XIV. The liquid Fuice. It is faidto be effeftual
to break the Stone in Reins and Bladder (if made}them. . .
of a gritty friable fubftance ) and to expell it, for it opens all the Urinary paflages, and powerfully provokes Urine, giving eafe in the Strangury, Di- fury, and other like affe€tions of thofe parts. Dofe from two fpoonfuls to fix, Morning and Evening, in a Glafs of Ale, Beer, Mead, or Wine. - XV. The Effence. \t has all the Virtues of th Liquid Juice, befides which it is profitable againft Ulcers of the Bladder, to provoke the Terms in Wo- men, and expell the Dead Child. It is a fingular
thing againft the Dropfie Sarcites, if its ee
ted with the Fixed Salt of the Plant, and be ly given in all the Liquor the Patient drinks. It puri- hes, or cleanfés the ‘Blood from all ill humors, and perfectly eradicates the Scurvy in a cold habit of
Body, Univerfals being alfo premifed. It is beft
taken in the Spring time, and Fall of the Leaf, be- caufe then the Blocd and Humors are thin and fluxile, and more apt to pafS a depuration. Dofe trom one ounce to three ounces Morning and Evening.
XVI. The Spirituous Tintture. It has the Vire tues of the Spirit aforementioned, at Se€t. XIII. a- foregoing, but much more powerful ; and may be vm from twenty drops to forty in any proper tomatick Vehicle, or Wine. :
XVII. The Acid Tintture. It is a potent Anti- {corbutick, and may fafely be given as well in a hot as a cold Conftitution.. It powerfully opens Ob-
{tru€tions, provokes Urine, and the Courfes, breaks .
and diffolves the Stone, expells Tartarous Matter out of the Body, helps in Kheumatifins and the Gout, and gives eafe in wandring pains running over the whole Body. Dofe fo many drops ata cime, as may make a GlafS of Ale, Beer, Mead, or Wine gratefully fharp, fo as if the Juice of an O- pa was {queezed into it. . VIII. The Saline Tinéture. This, tho’ given inwardly, powerfully provokes Urine, and oper Obftru€tions, yet it is moftly ufed in ourw ap-
plications, as to difcufs Swellings in the Legsin
the Dropfie, by fomenting them therewith ; to eafé pains of the Gout, and to prevent an incipient Gan- greene. It clears the skin of Scurf, Morphew, and
fuch other like defilements, if often wafhed there-
with. :
XIX. The Oily Tinfure. It is: good againft the Palfie, and Convulfions of the Nerves, being often’ anointed upon the Parts affetted. It eafes all forts of Pains in any Part, proceeding: from a cold Caufe ; and being applied to moift Wounds, it defends them from Accidents. Being well anointed upon any Tumor or Part inclining to a Mortification, it pre- vents it, and conduces much to the Cure.
XX. The Fixed Salt. It is Deobftru&tive and Diuretick, bringing away much Water in Hydro- pick Perfons, and carrying off much of the Morbi- tick caufe of the Scurvy, by Urine, being given in White Port, or Rhenifh Wine, or fome other proper Vehicle, three, four, or five timesaday. Dofe from fifteen prains to half a.dram.
XXI. The Cataplofm. Tt is made of the Leaves or Herb, boiled, and beaten in a Stone or Wooden Mortar. . Applied to Swollen Legs, or any other part Tumified with the Dropfie, it is faid to diftufs or abate the Tumor. If it is made into a Cata-
plafin, with the addition of Hogs Lard, the Pulp of —
Marfh-mallow Roots, and the pouders.of Fanugreek feed and Linfeed, and be applied warm, it rakes away any Swelling in Arms or Legs; and is alfo powerful in icoiage
Apoftumating, and to prevent any other ill which may hap
to them. Farriers fometimes = ufé it alfo in curing Horfes, to remove Tuma ants 7
‘heal their Scabs, with other like Difeafes incident to. > ae > on t peers eh ;
in >
Vat ’ aah tf : H he 7] 7
Wounds, fo as to prevent their. 4 ill acctdell
—y
va isl ew —
we my = « c= .
ke
nels, weighing fometimes half an hundred weight,
Chap. 89.. Exghifhb Herbs:
ny long Branches or Arms growing from it; of a palé whitifh color on the outhide, and whiter within, of a fharp, bitter, and fulfome tafte: From this: Root proceeds many long, rough, but very tender Branches at the beginning, which as they grow up, climb up upon Hedges, Trees, or other Bufbes adjoiming to it, from thefe Branches. come forth many very rough broad Leaves, divided into’ fide partitions for thé moft ea in form very much like a Vine leaf, but |/maller, rougher, and of a whitifh, or hoary green color, fpreading very far upon Trees or Bufhes, or whatever it # which ftands next to it + from the
C HA P.. LXXXIX. BRYONIE White.
L HE Names. It is called in Greek “Aumacs aeuxd, ie. Vitis alba, not that it is a Vine, but becaufe it is fomething like one. AlfO Bevevia asvxi, 4 Bove, 1. €. emano, {cateo, from putting forth, becaufe it puts forth niany Branches and Tendrells, whereby it climbs up tle adjacent Bufhes, Hedges, Trees, or other things adjoining to it. It is alfo called by fome J.adbesv, becaufe the Seeds or Grains of it were formerly ufed to take away Hair. In Arabick it is called Fefire, Alfefire, Feffera, and A/- Selfera,: In Latin, Bryonia, and Bryonia alba, Vitis alba, Vitalba, fic dia, non quod fit Titis, ed quod ¢i Similis, as afirelaid : alfo Viticella, Roraftrum, Apia- oar : In Engiifh, Bryonie, White Bryonie, and wld Vine. The Uve or Berries are many times called in Exglifh, Tettar Berries, becaufé of their Effects in curing Tettars. Il. The Kinds. There are two principal Kind’ of Bryonie, 1. The White, of which in this Chap- ter. 2. The Black, of which in the next. The White is alfo threefold, 1. Bryonie alba vulgaris, Vitis alba vulgaris, with all the names above men- tioned, Our Common White i Ah 2. Bryonia alba wulgaris fruiu nigro, Vitis alba baccis nigris, White onie with Black Berries ; Which fome ftom the Blacknef§ of its Berries call Bryonia Nigra, and Vi- vis Nigra, but etroneoufly, for this is not the Black Bryonie, but a Species of the White. 3. Bryonia Dicoccos of Honorius Bellas ; Bryonia Cretica macu- “ata, of Baubin 5 Bryonia Cretica, and Cretica Dicoc- cos, by Parkinfon, White Bryonie with Double Ber-
Tits. Bryony G
Litis alba. White =
# next it : at the feveral Foints fe with the Leaves and Clafpers ( efpecially tomards the tops of the Branches ) come forth a long Stalk, bearing thereon ay whitifh Flowers in along Tuft, as it were in a Clufter, confifting of frve {mall Leaves apiece, laid open like a Star, after which come the Berries, ae ing more open or feparate one from another than in a Clufter of Grapes : they are green at firft, but very red when they are through ripe, about ike bigé ne/s of Nightfbade berries ; of no good or Veafant mell, and of a loathfom tafte sheer to Vomit, or caufing a naufeoufnefs in the Stomach.
Vine
Pas Je he ef oy 4 IGS ||
( (
a ts “2 =‘ : ay As S s)) 1g = ~ = Cy ‘
COUT Z
Sf
IV. The Common White Bryonie with Black Beté fies; feems to be abfolutely the fame with the for- mer, fave, that the Root of this v of a pale yellow color on the infide, and fomewbat brownifh on the outfide ; and the Berries. after their greenne[s a paft, change not into a red color, but into a perfect black, when they are through ripe ; but ax to all other parts of the Plint, as in its long, tender, and climbing Branches, form of its Leaves, Tendrels or Clafpers, and Color, Shape; Magnitude and Mode of its Flowers, it is exattly the fame with thé former, | /o that one cannot be known from the other.
V. The Bryonia dicoccos, has a Root very long; but never growing to be bigger than a Mans Arm; of a browner color on the outfide, and not fo white
within as the common. From this Root fprings forth K many
Uf. The Defeription. The Common White Bryo- nie, bas a Root which grows to an exceeding large-
and of the bignefs of a Child of a year old, with ma-
{2
Joints with the Leaves come forth fmall Tendrelis or Clafpers, whieh twine about whatever fmall thing .
Wicd
122
many long, rough, trailing Branches, in the fame manner like the former in all refpetts, from which Spring cla/ping Tendrels, winding it Jef upon any thing which ftands next it, as the other does. It bas broad Leaves, with fuch divifions therein, as the other have, but that they are fomewhat fmaller, green- er, and ftriped with white lines through the middle, as likewife in the Veins which go to the Corners. The Elowers are fomewhat greater than the former, cs a pale whitifb color, aps every one upon a ttle longer Footftalk, which being Pel there comes Berries in their places, which are at firft green, ut red when full ripe, and differing in form from the others, fo andins Semicircular upon the Stalks they are joined at the bottom, as if it were but one Berry, but are parted at the tops into two parts, wherein are contained two Seeds, from whence arofe OSL The Plces The Banks,
‘ laces. The ows on or un- der Hedges where are tee Shrubs, and Quickfets, in many places throughout the Kingdom. The /e- cond is found in like places, but where the former with red Berries is not, and is found in fome places in Germany, Bobemia,&c. The Jaft grows plenti- fully in Candia, from whence Honorivs Bellus fent the Seed to Clufivs, and others.
VIL. The Times. They all flower in the Month of Fuly and Auguft, fome earlier, fome later, ac- cording to the e they grow in, and the warmth or co of the Seafons of the Year ; and their Fruit or Seed is ripe in fome little time after.
VIG. The Qualities. aed are hot and dry in the third Degree, Attra€tive, Abfterfive, Cephalick, Ne- phritick, Hyfterick, Arthritick, and Cathartick, purging as well Choler as Phlegm, and Watry Hu- mors.
IX. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing a- gainft the Diopfe, and Kings-Evil. ,
X. The Preparations. You may make therefrom, 1. A Diftilled Water of the Root, Berries, and whole Plant. 2. A Fuice of the Berries. 3. A Fuice of the Root. 4. An Effence of the Root. 5. A Deco- ion of the Root. 6. A Syrup of the fame. 7. A Pouder of the Root. 8. An Elettuary of the Root. 9. A Fecula thereof. 10. A Peffary of the Root. 11. A Saline Tindlure thereof. 12. A Bathe of the Root, and whole Plant. 13. A Cataplafm of the Root. 14. An Oil, or Ointment.
The Virtues.
XI. The Diftilled Water of the whole Plant. It is
geod agai rf, Morphew, Leprofie, Manginefs,
pots, Freckles, Tanning, Sun-burning, €7c. the Face and Skin being often wafhed therewith.
XII. The Fuice of the Berries. It has all the fame Virtues, but is much ftronger, and is faid to be a peculiar thing for the cure of Tettars and Ring- worms, Herpes, Scabs, Itch, and other breakings out.
XII. The Fuice of the Root. \t is thus Made or Extra€ted. In April take away the Earth, and un- cover the Root ; which done, make a deep but nar- tow overthwart cut or gafh into it , and put in a Goofe Quill a little under the Slit, letting the Quill lye floping or leaning downwards, when thruft into the Root , but firft make a bole with your Knife to get in the Quill , then placing a Recerver under the Quill, you will get a erent fiers of the Fuice, which will drop thereinto. A {poonful hereof taken by fuch as are troubled with Fits of the Mother, it helps them ; and it is likewife profitable againft the Apoplexy, Epileple. Palfie, Vertigo, and other like Difeafes of the Head and je which it performs by a Specifick Virtue, which it has in attracting or
Salmon’s Herbal.
Lib. L drawing away Flegm, and Rheumatick Humors which opprefs and afflict thofe ‘exe. It may be alfo ufed as an Exrhine up the Noftrils, by which way alfo it purges the Head and Brain admirably, evacuating all fuch Supertluous Humors, which caufe Lethargies, Megrims, Head-ach, or any of the aforenamed Difeafes affli€ting thofe -
XIV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the aforementioned Juice, and may be given from half an ounce to an ounce, more or lef, according to the age and ftrength of the Patient. It is a peculiar thing againft the Dropfie, Kings-Evil, Rheumatifms, and Gout ; but it purges with great Violence, trou- bling the Stomach, fo that it works both upwards and downwards, and therefore a ing to the Opinion of Authors, it ought to be correfted with Ginger, Cinnamon, Winters Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Cloves, Pepper, Juice of Quinces, &c. It is very profitabie againft Weny. Humors, which it evacu- ates abundantly, both by Vomit and Stool, and therefore is a peculiar thing againft the Dropfie,€7c, It may be mixed with White Port Wine, and fo drank. It opens Obftru€tions of the peers ont bse Urine, and cleanfes the Reins and Ureters
om Sand, Gravel, Slime, and other Vifcous and Tartarous Matters apt to be lodged in thofe ene It opens Obftruftions of the Spleen, and takes a- way the hardnef$ and fwelling thereof: It is good being outwardly applied ) to cleanfe the Skin of
» Morphew, Leprofie, Scabs, Itch, gs Herpes, Tetass, Sia eoen Freckles, aie black and blew Spots, which come from falls, brui- fes, and the like, and diffolves new Swellings, and
expells the dead Child.
V. The Decottion of the Root in Wine. It has all the Virtues of the Effence, but not out fo powerful, and therefore ought to be given in a lar- ger Dofe, as from one ounce to two, aires! or four, according to age and ftrength. It is an excellent thing againft Hyfterick Fits, and Vapors in Women, for it opens Obftruétions of the Womb powerfully, and facilitates the birth of Women in Travel, but you ought to be fure the time is near, left it do mifchief ; let it be corre€ted with hot Spices in the making, as before direfted, becaufe they alfo pro- mote this end.
XVI. The Sap. It may be made either of the Juice, Effence, or NR ee to which, it will be of more or lefS ftrength. fe has all the Virtues of thofe pro of which it is made, but not altogether fo effeCtual, becaufe of its being clog- ged with fuch a quantity of Honey or Sugar, which is neceflary to bring it into a Syrup. But it is bet- ter for Women and Children, and Quzfie Stomachs, becaufe of its pleafantnefs in takin i gainft Coughs, Colds, fhortnefs of Breath, A °s, and kills Worms in the Body : Dofe, one, two, oF three ounces in a Glafs of Wine.
XVII. The Pouder of the Root. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but is monghe to work ftronger : being taken in White Port Wine, from 2 a-fcruple to a dram, it is good againft the biti of Venomous Creatures, and kills Worms in Chil- dren; prevails againft the Gout, Rheumatifm, Drop- fie, and King’s-Evil, and provokes the Terms in Women, but it ought not to be given to Women with Child, becaufe it may induce mifcarriage or Abortion. If it is thus compounded, it becomes 2 famous Medicament. %%. Bryomie Root in fine pou-
in pouder eight ounces : Liquorice in poi ounces: Aurum Vite four ounces : mix all together. om fixteen Grains to half
It is good a-
3
Chap., go.
Where a Rheuniatifm has been fo vehement that the Patient has roared out Night and Day with the Ve- hemency and Extremity of the pain, and has lain Bedrid for two whole Years together, not being able to ufe Hand or Foot, or in the leaft help themfelves, not fo much as to put their Hand to their Mouths; this Medicament, or Compofition, being given but : five or fix times, has erfettly reftored them, be- yond all expectation. I commend it againft a Rheu- matifin, as a Compofition which has no. equal in the whole Republick of Medicine.
XVII. The Elefuary. Ye. Pouder of Bryonie Roots, four ounces : Scammony in pouder, Liquorice in pouder, of each two ounces : Cloves, Ginger, in pouder, of cach one ounce : Nutmegs in pouder, Ze- doary, of each half an ounce : Tartar vitriolate two ounces and half : Honey clarified, thirty fix ounces : mix and make an Elettuary. \t cures the Scurvy, Dropfie, and Gout ; or is anadmirable thinga- gai the King’s-Evil: It produces the Terms in
omen, and expels the Dead Child ; and cleanfes the Stomach, and other Bowels, of Cold, Raw, Windy, any Tartarous and Griping Humors: Dofe, in a Bolus, from one dram to two drams in
the Moet fafting.
XIX. The Fecu/a. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not altogether fo violent; it may be given, fay Authors, from five to ten grains , but in ftrong Bodies you may give it from ten gtains to twenty : mix it with Honey, the Pulp of a Prune or Roafted Apple, or fome fuch like fubftance, and fo let it be taken in the Morning: : being mixed with the Diftilled Water or Effence, | : or any other Bic oy Wath, it cleanfes the Skin, and i takes away Wrinkles, shiony Lentils, Spots, black : and blew Marks, Tanning, Sun-burning, and the like ; let it be laid upon the Skin, and fuffered to
on. XX. The Peffary. It is made of the folid fub- ftance of the Root : being put to the Womb, it pro- vokes the Terms in Women, opens Obftru€tions of
the Womb, and educes both Birth and After-birth, as | -
b alfo the Dead Child. h XXL. The Saline Tinfure. Taken inwardly to : a dram, or more, in fome proper Liquor, it pro- vokes the Terms, and facilitates the Birth: and out- wardly applied, it removes all the Vices and Defor- mities of the Skin, as effe€tually as either Effence a or Feeu/a. You muft wath therewith, and fuffer it to dry on, repeating it feveral times a day, if the Difeafe is inveterate. XXIL The Rath of the Root and whole Plant. It is peculiar againft all external Defedations. of the Skin ; as alfo to open Obftru€tions of the Womb, and educe the Terms, and to cleanfe it from all other Recrements of Humors, the Patient fitting for fome time therein, and repeating it, if need
? e Pp XXIII. The Cataplafm of the Root.. Being bruifed and applied Cataplaim-wife to any. place where 7 Bones are broken, it helps to draw them forth: and le being mixt with a little Wine, and applied, it breaks if Boils, and draws forth Pufhes, and is good againft } Felons and Whitloes, which infeft the Fingers ends, } and Roots of the Nails. It is alfo good to cleanfe i the = from Morphew, Leprofie, Scabs and Man- ’ a gine re
Englilh Herbs.
CHAP. XG BRYONIE Black.
t: HE Names. It is called in Greek "Avma@
S veralva, x Bevevia ucaatva: In. Latin, Vitss | nigra, and Bryonta nigra: In Englifbh, Black Bryo- 71€; 4 '
Il. The Kinds. i are oS pee of this Ps I. "Aumia@- dyela, and pearatva, Vitis Sylvefiris, an Vitis nigra, Bryonia igre, Bryonia aie Sys Bryonia nigra communis, Sigillum Sante Mariz;. Common Black Bryonie : but why it fhould be cal- led Vitis Sy/veftris, or Wild Vine, 1 know not, be- caufe there is a Vitis Sy/veftris, which is Vinifera, and differs but little ftom the true manured Vine, but that it grows Wild, and bears few or no Grapes ; but P/iny I fuppofe was the caufe of it, who, /ib. 23. cap. 1. being not able to diftinguifh them, con- founded *em, and made them all one. 2. Bryonia nigra Baccifera, Black Bryonie with fingle Red Berries : This Bexbinus in his Prodromus calls Bryo-
nia Sylveftris Baccifera, and in his Pinax, Bryonia /
levis, five nigra Baccifera. 3. Bryonia nigra Diofio- ridis, Vitis nigra, ( ita ditta ab acinis, radiceque migris, € quod Vitis fimilitudinem babet : ) Viz tis Chironia, The true Black Bryonie ef Dio/*
corides. WAtis Migva. Biack Bryony i ;
PR AS SY)\ SIE | Mido L ES = g) ee Ce cS
ws a y ; ye “ TR A Fs, \ >) \ SN j Mh Ss (MES 4 Y Mad 4) SS Shy € UNE SSP ge IP IWAV ANS ASH raxQ we mx a | f LAS : > Ss on NYAS Sc 7) oe 5 “A 2
Ill. The Defcription It bas a Rodt which is brownish, or enclining to blackifh on the outfide, 1 Some places by long flanding, but white within , it is large if it grows in moift grounds 5 but much
XXIV. The Oil or Ointment. It is made by boil-| fmaller and- whiter, if it grows in dry, bard, and
ing the bruifed Root in Oil Olive, or Hogs-Lard, or Oil mixt with Beef or Mutton Suet, &c. they being anointed with it, diffolve or difcufs recent Tu-
Pepa help Contufions, and take away black and | but by.reafon of the vaft number of Branches, and
; Marks which come from blows or falls , and withal remove moft of the other deformities _ of the Skin, if applied for fome reafonable
ony places, as Dalechampius fays, fomewhat bor i of ‘a arp tafte : From this Root arifes long trailing Branches, without any elafping tendrels ;
their tenderne/s, it takes bold of, and climbs uton thofe things which fland next to it, tho eafie 10 be loofed therefrom, contrary to the other kinds.’ The
R 2 Leaves
> ¥ sO ee
124 Salmons
Leaves are fomewhat broad, and like unto the Leaves of thé rough or ery Bindweed, and terminate in 4 fharp point. ‘Ihe Flowers come forth at the Foints
pon ong Stalks, many cluftering together, in long, - thins or
parfed Clufters, each one confifting of five Small white Toes’ ed after they ae fal, tere come in their places {mall Berries, firft green, and red when they are ripe, and fometimes changing a little blackifh as they grow old.
IV. The fecond Kind, bas a great thick Root, longs and not much unlike the former, baving a clam- my kind of Fuice : from which rifes up many, long, and fquare Branches, more bard and woody than the other, and without any Clafpers at all. The Leaves are fomewhat like to thofe of the Great White Bind- weed, of a shining color, a little unevenly dented about the edges, and ftanding upon long Footftalks : towards the tops of the Stalks at the Foints, with rhe Leaves come forth white Flowers, every one fiand- ing on a fhort Stalk, which afterwards give five Jingle Berries, green at the firft, and red when they are ripe, not much lefs than Cherries, in which are contained four or five fomewbat large, round, and black Seed.
V. The third and laft Kind, bas 2 Root fomewhat great and blackifh on the outfide, but of a yellowish color within, and full of a clammy moift Fuice, which will cleave to your Fingers : whence comes forth many long green Branches, on which grow fe- veral broad Leaves, fomewhat long pointed, and not divided on the edges at all, of a fad or dark green color, having at the Foints, with the Leaves, clafping tendrels, by which it takes hold, and winds it felf about any thing which flands next to it. Towards the tops come Fh long Bunches of whitifh Moffie Flowers, which being paft,there come Berries, which are green at firft, and black when they come to ripe-
nefs. ;
a The Places. The firft of thefe grow on Bank- fides, and under Hedges, and Woody places in many places throughout this Kingdom. The fecond grows in feveral places in Germany, as in Heffa, Saxony, Weftpbalia, Pomerania, and other places where the White grows not: the laft grows in Gracia, Italy, Spain, and feveral Southern Coun- tries, and is not with us unlefs nourifhed up in Gardens.
Vil. ‘The Times. They fpring in March, and flower in May, Fune and Fuly, and their Fruit is ripe in Auguft and September.
VIM. The Qualities. They are the fame with the White, but much weaker in their Cathartick Vir- tue, as in purging Flegm, Choler, and Watry Hu- mors.
IX. The Specification. It prevails againft the Dropfie, King’s-Evil, Difeafes of the Womb, and Defilements of the Skin, whatfoever.
_ X. The Preparations, 1. The roafted Root. 2. The Juice. 3. The Effence. 4. The Decottion. 5. The Pouder. 6. The Cataplafm. 7. The Feecula.
The Virtues.
XI. The os Root. Matthiolus fays, that the Root of our Common Black Bryomie being roafted in the Embers, and eaten, is a powerful Medicine to increafe Luft, provoke Venery, and ftimulate the Inftruments of Generation to that a€t: but Lobe/ iharply reproves him for it, as not believing it.
XiP The Fuice. Mixed with Wine and Honey, and drunk, it is good againft the King’s-Evil : and fimple of it felf, it cleanfes the Skin of Spots and Marks, Morphew, Scurf, Leprofie, Tettars, Ring- Worms, &c. it eafes Pain, ftrengthens the Nerves, difcufles Contufions, &c. Dofe half an ounce, to one ounce, or more,
Herbal, Lib. I. XIIL. The Efence. It purges Flegm, and Wa Humors, provokes Urine, and is good againft ae Falling-ficknefS, Palfie, Hyfterick Fits, Vapors from the Spleen and Womb, with other like Difeafes of
thofe parts. It is prevalent againft the King’s-Evil, all, forts of Kernels, Knots, and hard Swellings in
the Neck and Throat, or other parts. Dofé,two,
three, or four fpoonfuls in a Glafs of Wine, accord- ing to age and itrength. . Sav. ‘The Decottion in Wine. It has the Virtues of the Effence, but not altogether fo powerful, and may be taken to fix or eight ounces: it is preva- lent againft the Dropfie, Jaundice, and King’s-Evil, and fuch other Difeafes as proceed from the Pleni- tude and Corruption of Humors. XV. The Pouder. It is made of the Root, and may be given from a fcruple to two ate to urge away Cold, Serous Flegmatick, Waty umors, and to remove the Original Caufe of the King’s-Evil : It has the Virtues of the Effence,
I. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Root beaten to a Pulp in a Mortar, and mixed with alit- tle Honey. This being laid or fpread upon Sheeps Leather, whilft it is yet frefh and green, takes away black or blew Marks, and all Scars and Deformi- ties of the Skin, ripens and breaks hard Apoftems, draws forth Splinters, Thorns, and broken Bones, diffolves congealed Blood ; and being applied to the Hips, and Huckle-bones in the Sciatica, Shoul- ders, Arms, or other parts, where there is great Pains and Weaknefs, it effeftually removes the ene in a very fhort time: Gerard. And applied to any
place out of Joint, it is good to eafe the Pain, to
confolidate and ftrengthen the Nerves, that they may not eafily again be put out of their places, Par- kinfon. VII. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. Being bruifed and {prinkled with Wine, and applied to the galled Necks of Oxen, which are hurt with the Yoke, it heals them: I fuppofe it will heal Gallings and Sores in Mankind alfo, being applied.
XVII. A Cataplafm of the Berries, It removes Sun-burnings, Tanning, Spots, and other blemifhes of the Skin, takes away black and blew Marks, which come from falls, blows, bruifes, &c. being applied to them.
IX. The Fecula. It has the Virtues of the Pou- der and Effence, is very powerful to the purpofes intended ; it is prevalent ant Pfora, or Manginefs, Leprofie, King’s-Evil, Dropfie, &c. Dofe. It may be given in Wine or Broth from ten grains to a fcruple, p/us minus, according to the age and {trength of the Patient.
CHAP. XCL BUCKS-HORN.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek Kogwvirss,
ffom the fimilitude it has to a Crows foot: but the true Greek name is "Apéessia > the Latins call it Cornu Cervi, or Cervinum, Coronopus Ruellij, Herba Stella, ( both, from the form of the Leaves) Sanguinaria and Sanguinalis ( from its ftopping of Blood: ) Harenaria, ( from the SandinefS of the place it grows in: ) and Nafturtium Verrucarium, (from the likenef of its to Warts: ) And we
in Englifh call it, Bucks-born, Swines Creffes, and —
Wart Creffes. Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Coronopus rela Ruellij, Ambrofia Matthiol:, Upright Bucks-horn,
' - ia >
ih, f | ,
whofe cuts very much refemble the fnags of a Bucks
or Wart Crefs. 2. Coronopus repens Ruellij, Pfeu- | born, or of fome of the Leaves of the Garden Crefs: docoronopus Dodongi, Cornu Cervi alterum Vulgi;,| Ti he Flowers grow among ihe Leaves, coming forth Creeping Bucks horn, or Wart Crefs. with them at the Foints, they come forth in Small rough Clufters, and are {mall and w ite, or of an. herby greenish color, many of them fet upon a {mall long kout/talk, one above another : which being paft, there come in place, fmall, fléttifh, rough, round husks, fomething refembling rough or Seeded Warts, which divide themfelves into two parts, and contain in cach of them a fmall brownifh Seed. ; IV. Ambrofia, or Coronopus repens, # altogether hike the former, faving in he manner of its grow ing: It # a fmall low herb, moft ufually creeping with many long Branches, and {preading a great ways
SA) Ky VAN 5. Means
» AY y NES
We . v\
CEN, i Si WA sw o> >
A
rl He almoft round about, upon the ground ( yet in Some AY aN lee Standing more anole s This Cee ing kind BW Sa never rifés above four or five Inches high, but thé aS: SS iy trailing Branches are furnifbed with Pci Like Leaves N YSN and Flowers as the former, which have a tafte a lit
SY, : hier, WAS tle like Creffes. It 4s many times ufed to be eaten as g Ki ESA « a Sallet Herb, with Salt, Oil, and Vinegar, and that
Veet: i both raw aud boiled, ae NG V. ‘The Places. They grow almoft every where SNES tound about London, and in many-other parts of the 2 es eS Kingdom in moift Grounds, and at the foot of YE WA Banks, where there is any low Trench, or places continually plafhed with Water : fometimes by Highway fides, efpecially in thofe places where Hogs frequent, from whence; as is fuppofed, they Upright SJ were called Swines Creffes.
VI. The Times. They Hower and feed all May, June, and Fuly ; and their green Leaves abide freth in a manner all Winter.
VIL. The Qualities; They are hot and dry in the firft Degree ; Aftringent, Abfterfive, Digeftive, Car: minative and Vulnerary ; Cephalick, Stomatick,
IX. The Preparations. You may make therefrom, 1. A Liguid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Deco tion. 4. A Balfam ox Ointment. 5, A Cataplafms
The Virtues.
X. The Liquid Fuice. Given to three or fout ounces, it is Traumatick, or contributes to the more {peedy cure of Wounds and Ulcers, more efpecial- ly in Scorbutick and Cache€tick habits of Body made thick with fine Bole, and applied, ir {tops bleeding.
XI. The Effence. It ftrengthens the Head, Sto mach, Liver, Womb, and Joints, and is of fingular
ood ufe againft the Scurvy, Cachexia, and difafte: dtions of the Womb. It repreffes Vapors, and is good againft Fits of the Mother. It is:alfo Traus matick, having all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, Dofe from oné ounce to three, Morning and Evens ing, either by it felf, or mixt with a Glafs of
ine. : Se,
XIL The Decoltion. If made in Wine, it isa good Stomatick, and Hepatick, has the Virtues of the Effence, but not all out fo powerful: and ex- ternally applied to Wounds, it cleanfes, dries, and contributes to their healing, and withal repreffes the Hux of Humors into the part, hindering Pain and Inflammations. 4
XILL. The Balfam ox Ointment, It is an excellent thing for healing of green Wounds, which it tpeedi- ly performs : it alfo cleanfés, incarnates, dries and
heals old Ulcers, or sunning Sores, fea. oe
Il. The Defetiption. The firft has a fmall, long, white Root, with many Fibres thereat, running deep into the ground, the tafe of which is fomewhat like to the Garden Crefs, but much milder. From this Root come forth feveral Branches, which grow up- right, but not very high ; which Branches are alfo branched forth into pig ie are “ogeil - upon which grow very many fmall, long, and divided or pape eee al. along on both fides of them,
—
——— le
:
126 Simons
Parts afflicted; and makes them able to refift a flux of Humors falling upon them. XIV. The ~— Being applied it has ¢ fays Matthiolus ) an aditringent and repelling power : and therefore muft neceffarily repercufs Humors, abate Inflammations, eafe Pain, and ftrengthen the part, efpecially in the Gout, Sciatica, and other Difaffeftions : Applied upon Warts, it cures em, <
CHAP. XCIL BUGL E.
I." HE Names. This is a Plant unknown to the Greeks as far as I can find ; and there- fore has no Greek name : It is called in Latin Bu- gula, and Bugilum, Confolida media, and Solidago minor: Matthiolus calls it Laurentina, and Herba Laurentina : And in Englifh, Bigle, middle Con- Sound, and by fome Sicklewort. '__I. The Kinds. Authors make fix kinds of this Plant, but all that grow with us, are referred unto two, 1. Bugla vulgaris, Bugla flore Ceruleo, Com- mon Bugle, or Bugle with a Blew Flower; this Tragus calls, Prunella caerulea prima, vel major : but moft Writers call it, Confolida media pratenfis <p 2. Bugula flore albo, Bugle with a White ower,
Ill. The Defeription. The firlt of thefe has a ftringy Root, Spreading under the Earth round a- out, like unto Money-wort, or Penny-royal, from whence is up a bairy fquare Stalk, about a foot or a vibes long, fat, and oleous,
like thofe of Prunella or Self-heal, but larger, and a little longer , fome green on the upper fide, otbers more brownith, a little dented about the edges, and fomewhat hairy. The Stalk is alfo fet with fuch like B and thereon by Couples, from the
foot and half bigh ; It bas
Leaves, whic
Herbal. Lib. I.
middle almoft whereof upwards, ftand the Flowers together in roundles, compaffing the Stalk, of a fair blew color, with Leaves alfo, but fmaller and brown- er than thofe on the Stalk below : thefe Leaves and Flowers are fet at diftances, leaving between every roundle bare or void fpaces. Among the Flowers are alfo fmall ones, as te
and fometimes of an Afh-color, fafhioned like the Flowers of Ale-hoof or Ground-lvy : which being
Pai there fucceeds fmall, round, blackifh Seed.
- Bugula flore albo, Bugle with a white flower differs not in its form or magnitude, either in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers or Seeds, from the former, excepting in the color of the Stalks and Leaves, that thefe are always green, and never brown as the former , and in the color of the Flowers, that sa are always White.
. The Places. They grow in Woods and wet Copfes and Fields, generally throughout England , but the latter is not fo common to be met withal : Gerard fays, that he found the firft of thefe Plants in a moift us upon Black Heath near London, and near a Village called Chariton, but the Leaves were green, and not brown.
VI. The Times. They flower from May until Fully, perfetting their Seed in the mean feafon: But the Root and the Leaves next unto it, lying as it were upon the Ground, remain all the Winter, until the next Spring.
VII. The Qualities. They are Temperate as to heat or cold, and in the firft Degree : Aftrin- gent, Abfterfive, Incarnative, Traumatick or Vulne- rary ; Neurotick, Stomatick, Hepatick, and Altera- tive.
VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar for the Cure of Wounds and Ulcers.
IX. The Preparations. You may make thereffom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decoltion, 4. A Syrup. 5. A Diftilled Water. 6. A ioe ous Tindure. 7. An Acid Tintlure. 8. An Oily Tinfture. 9. A Saline Tinélure. 10. A Lotion. 11. An Ointment. 12. A Balfam. 13. A Cata- plafm. 14. A Fixed Salt.
The Virtues. X. The Liquid Fuice. It is excellent for fuch as ftrengthens the whole Body, and being drunk in- ward y to two, three, or four ounces at a time, it
contributes to the healing of old Ulcers, running Sores, and Fiftula’s, and to the uniting of broken
| Bones, and Corroborating any Member out of
Jot.
ratcly,and is of good ufe for fuch as have got a fall, and are inwardly bruifed, for that it diffolves the congealed Blood, and difperfes it. It has all the Virtues ofthe Liquid Juice, and is very effe&ual to
manner of running Sores, foetid Ulcers, and Fiftu- la’s, whether they be old or new. Dofe five or fix {poonfuls in a Glaf$ of Red Port Wine.
XII. The Decottion in Wine. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo power- ful : it is good to cleanfe old running Sores and Ulcers, Ry wahigs them therewith.
. XIIl. Ihe Syrup. Whether it is made of the Herb, or of its Juice, it is an excellent thing againft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefs, Wheezings, fhortnef$ of Breath, difficulty of breathing, Sorenefs of the Breft and Stomach, and other Diftempers of thofe parts: it {tops {pitting of Blood, and cures Ulcers of the
~ « 38 nd
ofe of Self-heal, of a blewifh,
are Livergrown, or troubled with the Rickets: It ©
P
MI. The Effence. It Dries and Aftringes mode-. —
‘ftrengthen the inward parts, and to caufe to heal all ©
Lungs. ee XV, The Diftilled Water. It is a good Voie a
ai eee
f.
"Sores or Ulcers which happen in the Secret Parts ot
: R Clarified Fuice of Bugle a pint : late three oun-
hand by them. , xxL The Balfam. \t has the Virtues of the
Men or Women.
CHAP. XCBL
Body of Bowels, mer excellent to be mixed with of BUGLOSS Garden.
all ing of Gangreens, being applied; and opens Obftructions of the Liver, oof et ; and is goed to
‘Dofe inwardly from thirty to forty drops, in any fpecifick Vehicle.
XVIL. The Oily Tinfure. It cures Wounds at a few times drefling, but chiefly Wounds of the Nerves, for which it is a Sovereign thing: If a Nerve is prickt or wounded, it cane A eafes the pain, and prevents the return of Convulfions upon that account.
XVIIL The Saline Tinfure. It is cleanfing, and is good to wafh and bathe thofe parts which are apt to break out with Botches, Boils, Scabs, Itch, Scurf, Morphew, and other Defcedations of the
I, HE Names. It is called in Greek, Beyacarov;
( but it is rather the name of Borage, for fo the Greeks called that Plant, and this our Buglo/s was rather the Leffer Buglofs ; alfO Avxodis, with Dodoneus : which Parkinfon fays was unknown to the Ancients. In Latin, Buglofjum + and in Englifh, Buglofs (atter the Latin name. )
Il. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of it, as, 1. The Garden, which is Buglofium Hortenfe: 2. Bugloffa Sylveftris, Wild Buglofs. 3. Ecbium, Vipers Buglofs. 4. Wall and Stone Buglofs. 5. Lis monium, Marfh Buglofs: Of thefe laft tour we fhall treat in the four next Chapters. 6. Anchufa, Als hkanet, of which we have treated in Chap. 8, afore
going.
BVGLOSSA.
XIX. The Lotion. It is made of the Juice thus:
ces: Allum fix drams : mx and diffolve over a gentle fire. \t is good to wafh inveterate and run- ning Sores with, which are very foul, and have been of long continuance; and it is as powerful and effe€tual to heal all running and ftinking Ulcers in the Secret Parts of both Men and Women, and is an excellent Gargle for curing Sores, and Cankers in the Mouth and Throat.
XX. The Ointment. It is made of the Leaves of Bugle two parts: of Self-beal, Sanicle, and Sca- bious, of each one part, bruifed and boiled in Hogs Lard, or in a mixture of equal parts of Sheeps Suet, and Oil Olive, until the herbs are crifp, and then Strained forth, and kept for ufe. It is a very good thing for healing any frefh or green Wound, tho’ lacerated, torn, or bruifed ; it brings it to digeftion, cleanfes, incarnates, and {peedily heals it. Parkin- Jon fays, that he could wifh that all the good Wo- men and Ladies, that defire to do good to their own Families, or their poor Neighbours, not to be with- out this Ointment, alwaysready prepared, and at
Ointment, but more digeftive, cleanfing, and incar- mative, and therefore more fit for complicated Wounds, which ate accompanied with Contufions, Dilacerations, and other ill Symptoms. XXII. The Cataplafm. Made of the green Herb, ii ood to abate Inflammations, and other hot in the Neck, Throat, and other Parts. It Contufions, diffolves congealed Blood, and
1S difenffes IIL. The Garden Kind, of which we treat itt this
is profitably applied to thofe Parts which are hurt | Chapter, is twofold, viz. 1. Adxolus, Lucopfis, Bug- ____ by any blow or fall : It is alfo profitable to be ap. | /ojfim Vuleare, which is the Greater Buglo/s: __, plied to all forts of Ulcers, whether recent or in-| 2. Bugloffum Luteum, which is the Lefer anal
‘ 4 ] “ : :
128
Salmon’s
and by fome called Ox-Tongue, or Garden Ox-| IV. The fecond Kind, has a fmall long Root: its
Tongue.
Herbal, .-o Luba
Leaves are fomewhatbroad, fhort, and rough, {maller
IV. The Defeription. Our Common Buglof8 has | than either the former Wild Kind, or the Garden 4 Root which is black without, and whitifh within,| Kind, and fomething more unevenly dented on the long, thick, and full of a flimy Fuice ( as the Leaves| edges : the Flowers grow at the Tops, of a blewifh alfo are) which continues and perifbes not every} purple color, but fméaller than the former, and the
Tear, as the Root of Borage does; from this Root comes up feveral long, narrow, hairy, whitifh green Leaves, among which rife up two or three very high Stalks, branched at the top, whereon fland many blew Flowers, confifting of five fmall round pointed Leaves, with a {mall Pointel in the middle, which are very {mooth, fhining, and of a reddifh purple, whilft they are Buds, and not blown es which be- ing fallen, there grows in the green Husks, in which the Flowers ftood, three or four roundifh black Seeds, having that Thread or Pointel, ftanding flill in the middle of them.
V. The Leffer Buglofs, ati lees will have to be Ox-tongue, 7 much leffer than the former, the Roots are long and creeping in the ground : and the Leaves are very rough, and rougher indeed than the former, like the rough Tongue of an Ox or Cow, (whence came the name ) the Stalk is about two Feet high, more or lefs, and commonly of areddifh color : at the us of the Branches grow the Flowers in rough, fcaly heads, which Flowers are compofed of many {mall yellow Leaves, much like thofe of Dandelion, and fly away in Down like as they do, thefe Flowers are bitter of tafte, awhence Lobel calls it, Bugloffum Echioides luteum Hieracio cognatum.
VI. The Piaces The firft-is only nurfed up in Gardens, fo alfo is the fecond : but this latter is found to grow wild in many places, as between Redriff and Deptford, by watry Bitch fides, as Ge- vard {fays.
VIL. The Times. They flower in May, Fune, and Fuly, to thie end of Summer, and the Seed ripens in the mean Seafon. .
VIII. As to their Qualities, Specification, Prepa- rations, Virtues and Ufes, they ate altogether the fame with thofe of Garden Borage, of which we. have treated. before in Chap. 83. to which you are referred. Roots are much more Mucilaginous,
this as to be noted in Buglofs, that its | former, but its ifcous, or | of the other Kinds, and fharper or fmaller towards Clammy than thofe of Borage, and therefore are} their ends : the Howers on the held not to be fo convenient for opening Apozems :| ches, are more like the Flowers of Ga but the faid Fuice being made into a Lohoch or| ing Dead Nettle, than of any of the other forts of
Seeds grow three or four together, and blackifh alfo, like the other kinds.
———-
y Filly:
V. The Rough Wild Buglofs, bas a Root like the
aves are much rougher than a
Tops of the Bran- sGophis, or ftink-
Licking Elettuary, may be prevalent againft the] Buglo/s : in fome Plants they are of a blewifh pur- Cough, HoarfnefS, and Colds, and to condenfate | p/e color, and in fome they are white, but both colors
thin Diftillations of Flegm upon the Lungs.
CHAP. XCIV.
are never found in one Plant.
VI. The Lancafhire BuglofS, bas -¢ great Root, blackifh on the out fide, and divided downwards, in Several large Arms or Branches. From whence fhoots
_-« | forth many flender Stalks, a Foot and half high, more
or lefs. ‘The lower Leaves whereof next the ground,
.| are much leffer than thofe of Borage, and of a whiter
Of BUGLOSS Wild, or Ox-Tongue.
L*Y* HE Names. It is called in Greek Buyawarw dyer : in Latin, Bugloffum Sylveftre : and in Englifh, Wild or Field Buglofs, or Ox-Tongue. Il. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of the “Wild Buglofs, as 1. Bugloffum Sylveftre majus, flore nigro, The Great Wild BuglofS. 2. Bugloffum Syl- veftre minus, The Small Wild Buglofs. _ loffim de dike minus Afperum, Rough Wild Bug- lofs. 4. Bugloffum dulce, ex Infulis Lancaftria, Sweet, or Lancafhire Buglofs. Ill. The Defcription. The firft of thefe differs little from the Garden Buglof&, but in its greatnefs,
green, and fomewhat rough ; but thofe which grow on the Stalks are Jeffer, baving the Flowers fet at the. Joints with them, whofe Buds before they are blown, are of a reddifh color, but when they are open, of @ blewifh purple, fomewhat like thofe of Vipers Bug- lofs, or between them and Borage Flowers, of 4 ver niet or Honey like Tafte.
ViL The Places. The firft, fecond and third grow Wild in feveral Countries, and are Pala te
3. Bug-| found growing Wild in Exgland. The fourth was
found by Mr. Hesket growing in one of the about Lancafbire.
VILL. The Times. They all flower im June and :
Fuly, and their Seed comes . to ripenefs
this being larger in every part : and in the color of \ of Flowering.
the Flowers, which are of fo deep a purple color, that they are accounted as black.
IX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, Virtues and Ufes, axe ly the fame with | he
in afhort | time after, the Seed growing ripe, even in the time
lf
-sa a.
Mv
Ry Tee
Chap. 95. LExngh/b Herbs 129 to the skin of a Argh = which-grow fuch like long, rough, prickly or hairy green Leaves, fome- thing narrow, the middle rib being for the moft part white. The Flowers ftand at the tops of the Stalks, branched forth into many Jpiked Leaves or Flowers bowing or turning like to the Turnfole, a// of them ening generally on the one fide, whith dre long and ollow, turning up the brims a little, of a purplifh violet color, where they are fully blown ; but more reddifh, where they are but yet in the Bud, or not blown open, as alfo when they are upon their decay and withering : but “s Some sei ti a of a : - ’ ; see g : - | ler purple color, with a long Pointel in the middle,
ArxiBictddor, 4, AaxiBioy 5 and in Latin, Echi- purp 2 i um, Alcibiadion ‘Alcibion, Alcibiacum, ( from the |/¢atbered, or pointed at the top: Ihe Flowers being y var | fallen, the Seeds grow inclofed in round heads, which
firft finder of it out, who being bitten by a Viper, : . : s ‘ and gathering this Herb, ant iiwing it, Y and foal. growing to be ripe, are blackifh, cornered, and point-
. : : ing like to aVipers Head.
lowing down the Juice, and applying the reft of ed fometbing fle tind the Herb to the bitten place, par thereby )} V. The at Kind differs not much he ms it is alfo called Bugloffum Viperinum, and Sylvefire| thing from the former, fave that in fome places Viperinum, as fome fay, fiom the effects of the |$72* larger, the Leaves are i a frefher green color, Reots in curing the bitings of Serpents ; but as and the Flowers are wholly of a white color. rice others fay, from the color of the Stalks which are} _ V; The Places. The firlt of ere! ky wil i fpeckled like a Serpents skin : In Englifo Vipers | Toft every where, and as yt ays, it cy, Buglofs. Apuleius faith, that the Greeks called it] ™ Stat 2 ; abourtie the Caftle alls. £ L: e ; alfo OneuesiCor are, Radix Viperea , and ers ag pacity Sep x grbtbaeciinr peor "Exidov, from the form of the Seed, which, as Dio/- : 2 ae fays, is like the Head of a Viper? Feed VI. The Times. They flower in the Summer cattie this barn Semen Months, as the other Buglofes do, and their Seed
Il. The Kinds. Authors make twelve feveral | CMS ge in the mean feafon, foe&t Kinds of Vipers Buglofs, of all which, two only| _ VU. The Qualities. They are temperate in re
of Borage, but efpecially with thofe of Vipers Bug- Jofs, of which we treat in Chap. 95. next follow-
ing.
CHAP. XCV. Of BUGLO SS Vipers.
IL HE Names. It is called in Greek, “Eger,
i See Ses
es Mane
‘. are faid to grow with us, viz. “Eyer xomip, Echium| tO heat or cold, and dry in the firft Degree: Ape-
b Vulgare, Common Vipers Bugis 2 "Eager Aevedrs Hiern C mre tb icjeat
3 tbe Vulgare flore albo, White flowered Vipers a, armera PF Mexipharmick ped CA Tly
' res VIII. The Specification. The Experiences of many
be pester gy Ages have proved them to be peculiar againft the Lipers Is uglo, Poifon and Malignity of Serpents, Vipers, and other
hy, Ze G Poifonous and Venomous Creatures. é Cy, Sw SE IX. The Preparations. You may make therefrom,
4. AdiftilledWater. 5. A Tintfure of the Flowers. 6. A Pouder of the Seed. 7. A Decottion: of the Root. 8. An Ointment or Balfam. 9. A Cataplafm of Roots or Leaves.
The Virtues.
X. The liquid Fuice. The Juice of thefe Plants
are wonderfully. clammy and flimy, fo that it is hard to Exptefs the fame ; for which reafon, after you have well beaten the Herb, you muft fet it clofe covered in a cold Cellar, or fome other cold and moift place, for two Days and Nights, and then pref§ forth the Juice in a Wooden prefs : after which you may clarifie it with Whites of Eggs, beaten into Glair, and paffed gently thro’ a thick Hippocras Bag. It is a famous thing againft the biting of the Viper, and of all other Serpents, or any other Venomous Creature, and prevails alfo a- gainft Poifon, and the Malignity of Poifonous Herbs. You naay be five or fix {poonfuls at a time ina on of Wine, and repeat it as you fee Occa- ion. - . XI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of thie Liquid Juice, befides which, it is an excellent thing againft the Plague or Peftilence, Spotted Fever, Purple, and all other Burning and Malign Fevers whatfoever. It is a moft admirable Tranmatick or Vulnerary, fo. that fcarcely any of the Vulneraries or All-heals go beyond it. It comforts the Head, Brain and Nerves, ftrengthens and fortifies the bich| Stomach, and chears the Heart admirably. Dofe, three.or four fpoonfuls or more, two, three or four times a day, in a glafs of the Diftilled Water, or in a glafS of Wine, or oe other proper a9
) ie iil wice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Syrup.
TT ee > . ?
| Ee 3 | alt The Defeiption “The firft of thefe has a
if thick
ta ‘ re i
i ve ear, >
130 ~ Salmons Herbal babes
a XII. The Syrup. Parkinfon makes it thus. Tk of |Root arifes Leaves which fpread upon the Ground, — the Clarified Fuice four pounds : fine white Sugar | which are many, long, narrow, rough or. rugged, three pounds + Infufion of the Flowers one pound:|bairy, and of a dark green color, fomewbat like to mix and boil thefe gently to the confifience of a Sy-\Echium, or Figpd other Wild Buglofs : Thefe Leaves rup, which keep for ufe. It is ( {ays he) very efte-| abide in this manner, fome years, without fending ual for comforting the Heart, and to expel Sad-| forth of any Stalk, or Flowers at all ( which fome nefs-and Melancholly. Dofe two fpoonfuls or} baving taken notice of, thought that it never did bear mote. Flower or Seed: But truly though it bears no Stalk XIN. The Diftilled Water. It is drawn from the | for Flowers or Seed fome years, yet it bas been found whole Plant, when it is in its chiefeft ftrength, | to bear them in fome others, pa that divers Plants which is, when it is in Flower ; it is profitable for | hereof have been found as well with Stalk and Flow- all the Difeafes aforementioned, being inwardly ta- | ers, as Void, or without : When it bears a Stalk, it ken, and outwardly applied ; and is ufed asa Ve-|ri/es up about two Feet high, bearing fuch like hicleto convey the other Preparations in. Leaves as grow below, but fet one diftant from ano- XIV. The Tindure of the Flowers. \t is highly | ther, without order, and fmaller up to the Top, Cordial, and Alexipharmick, and refifts Poifons of | where the Flowers fiand upon their feveral Branches, all kinds : it defends the Heart from the 7 which are fpread about, as alfo come forth with the of Peftilential Fevers, and of the Plague it felf, and | Leaves at the Foints, like unto the hollow Flowers fupprefles Melancholly Vapors : It has the Virtue} of Echium, or Wild BuglofS, with uneven and ga- of the Effence, and may be given in the Diftilled | pine dented brims or edges, of a pale Purple color, ater to two Drams. with a long Stile or Pointel in the middle, growing XV. The Pouder of the Seed. Itis Alesihacict, out of the Flower above the length mere ; ga comforts the Heart, expels Sadnefs and Melanchol- | which follows the Seed, much like to Buglofs Seed, ly, attemperates the Blood, allays the hot Fits of | bt mot altogether fo great or black. _Agues, encreafes Milk in Nu and eafes pains in the Loins, Back and Kidnies. fe one dram. XVI. The Decottion of the Root. It prevails again Poifon, and the Plague, and the biting of Vipers, and other Venomous Creatures, and is a Snguiat good thing ( if made with Wine, or Wine and Wa- ter) to be drank as a Diet Drink by wounded Per- fons, and fuch as have inveterate, filthy, and run- sing Ulcers and Fiftula’s, &c. VII. The Ointment or Balfam. They are Vul-
\\ Of, ) ; Sy
~ | > L
< ? PP. He \ :
Xi ” ES\( ZN
( —<fo
€ rena the bitings of Venomous Creatures, as Vi- a
Wekpon, it extratts the Poifon or Venom, and in- duces the healing
XVII. The Cataplafm, Applied to the biting of a Viper, Mad Dog, or other Venomous Creature, it extra€ts or draws forth the Poifon, and fo fecures the life of the Patient ; other Alexipharmicks being given in the mean feafon inwardly.
CHAP. XCVL Of BUGLOSS, Wall and Stone.
I, T HE Names. The firlt of thefe is called in
Greek, Avxbus : In Latin, by Baubin, Ly-
copfis ; and by Dodoneus, Lycop/is Echij altera Spe- cies : and in Englifh, Wall Buglofs.
Il. The other is called in Greek, “Opecua : by Ga-
len Ocuds erovins, Ofmas Phlonitis : In Latin, Onof-
ma: and in Englifh, Stone Buglos.
IIl.. The Kinds. Of the Wall Buglofs there are two Kinds, 4. Lycopfis Echij folio, That with a Heda ee ep cas 3 Anglica, the Eng-
uglofs. t. i
Plan otk y A € Stone Buglofs, is a fingular - TheDefcription. The firft kind of Wall Bus- lofS has a Root which 7s prea nich ‘long, 2 not much thicker than ‘a Finger, with fome Fibres thereat s it is of a brownifh red on the outfide, but ditte or nothing colors the Fingers as the Anchula’s F : yet Diofcorides fays, it was called by feveral nchufa, and Galen fays, that in bis time it was accounted a kind thereof , but it is much like to Echium, and other forts of Wild Buglofs. Krom this
V. The Englith Wall Buglofs bas 2 Root a little reddifh like the other, but giving as little color: but as to its Leaves, Stalks, and Flowers, it differs very little from the former : the ed difference is, that the Flowers do all grow at the Tops of the Branches, and are of a deeper purple color, with dix vers threads fhooting out of them.
VI. Stone Buglofs # /aid by Diofcorides to have a reddifh Root, but to be without either Stalk, Flow- er, or Seed, which thing he fays alfo of Lycopfis, — and Cynogloflum, both which are known ( in divers of their Plants ) to have all the three, and there-
fore it may be as probable in this. This Plant in m be
its form bas a great refemblance or likenefs to the
former Lycopfis, as alfo to Anchufa or Alkanet ; but _ differ
'-
RB I
Chap. Q7. ae Englih Herbs. |
differing from them in its Virtues. It bas maay long and narrow fmooth Leaves lying upon the ground, not above an Inch broad, but about four Inches long, like to thofe of the leffer Alkanet:
VIL. The Places. The firft two grow upon Stone Walls, and upon dry, ftony, and barren Grounds : the firft has been found about Frontignan néar Mom- pelier in France, as Penaand Lobel fay: The fecond Lobel obferved to grow in the Weft Coxntrey, in the
way fiom Briffol and Bath.to London. The Stone}
Bushs grows in R&cky and Stoney Places.
VILL. The. Times. The Wall Bugloffes flower in Fuly, and fometimes in Axgzft , and the Seed is ripe in the following Month. The Stone Buglofs is green all the Year ; but its times of flowering ale rt (if it does fo ) has not been as yet ob- ferved.
IX. The Qualities. Wall Buglofs is temperate, or rather cold and dry in the firft Degree, Aftringent, Styptick, Traumatick or Vulnerary, Pettoral, Hepa- tick and Alterative. Stone Buglo/s is hot and dry in the fecond Degree, Aperitive, Cleanfing, Hyfte- rick, and Alterative.
XK. The Specification. The Wall Bugloffes.ate pe- culiar Vulneraries for healing Green Wounds. And Stone Buglofs is a Specifick tor the {peedy Delivery of Women in Labor. i im
XI. The Preparations. The Wall Bugloffes have
* all the Prepartions and Virtues’ of the Wild Buglof-
Jes, to which we refet you: ‘But 1. The Fuice. 2. The Effence. 3. The Oil, have fome peculiar Virtues.. Of the Stone .Buglofs you may make alfo, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. AnEffence. .3. A Ponder of the Leaves, 4. A Decottion.
The Virtues.
~ XI The liquid Fuice of Wall Buglfs.. Taken}
‘alone, or mixed with Honey, it ftops Catarrhs, fal- ling upon. the Fauces and Lungs, and refifts Fluxes of the Bowels.: and being applied upon Inflamma- tions, as a Phlegmon, Eryfipelas, €¢. it cools them : inwardly taken, it is a good Traumatick.
XII. The Effence of Wall Buglofs. It is Aftrin- gent and Stiptick, ftops Catarrhs, and all Fluxes of the Bowels ; as alfo all Fluxes of fharp Humors, to old running Sores and Ulcers, and fo renders them eafie of cure. Dofe one ounce at a time, Morning and Evening, in any fpecifick Vehicle, as a mixture of Plantane and Poppy Water, an Infufion of Catechu in fair Water, &c.
XIV. The Oil of Wall Buglofs. It is made by boil- ing the Leaves and Roots in. Oil Olive to Crifp- nels, 7c. It admirably heals Green Wounds, abates Inflammations, and cures Burnings, being anointed upon the Part, and alfo mixed with Barley Flower, and applied : Parkinfom fays, that this Oil cures S. Anthonies fre, but ufually Oily and Greafie Bo- dies do mifchief in that cafe: to bathe with the liquid Juice is much better, and to apply over the Eryfi Cloths often wet with the fame : or a a Cataplafn of the Juice mixt with Barley
ower.
Virtues of Stone Buglofs. XV. The liquid Fuice. It provokes the Terms in
Women powerfully, and therefore ought not to be given to Women with Child, left it caufes them to mifcarry: a fpoonful or two of it may be given
Morning and Evening in a Glafs of White Wine. XVI. The Effence. \t has the Virtues cf the liquid Juice, is very effectual to caufe {peedy Delivery to Women in Labor. It cleanfes the Womb of all, its foeculencies, refifts Vapors, and,
helps againft Fits of the Mother. Dofe one or two ounces in a Glaf$ of Wine to Women in Travel.
XVI. The Pouder of the Leaves. It is good a- gainft Vapors and Fits of the Mother, and taken ad j. dram in Wine by. Women in Travél, it facili- - tates and haftens the Delivery, for which it is faid to be an excellent thing : it has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, and therefore ought not to be gi- ven to Women with Child.
XVIII. The Decottion in Wine. It has the Virtues of the Effence and Pouder, but not altogether fo powerful.
CHAP. XCVIL. . Of BUGL OSS Math.
L/P HE Names. It is called in Greek, Aeiusvior; x vevesedes, by Diofcorides , fo called, be- caufe it grows d asin, 1 pratis riguis vel palu- ftribus : \n Latin, Limonium : and in Englifh, Harph or Sea Buglofs, and Sea Lavender. ;
Il. The Kinds. Parkinfon makes feven Kinds hereof : Mr. Ray, eleven : but we ( becaufe here in this Book we treat chiefly of Eng/i/h Plants ) fhall only defcribe thyeeinds, vic. 1. Limonium majus vulgatius, the Greaser €ommon Marth or Sea Buglofs. 2. Limonjym medium Anglicum, The Col- chefter Marth Buglofs. 3. Limonium Virginianum, which is the Lumonia Comgener Clufij, Virginian Marth Buglofs. cia?
III. There has been fome controverfie among Au- thors about this Plant Limoniam, fome will have what we here deftribe to be the true Limonium, which it is : others will have fome other Plants to be it: AMatthiolus defcribes two kinds, but madé no fenfible diftin€&tion between them, ror yer told us which was the Fe, but as ignorant of the mat- ter, {peaks not a word of them, but co ceate the
S$ 2 contelt,
er ee arm =
FES PL ee
132 3 “Salmons Herbal | Lib: L. |
contelt, the tue Limonium is that which hae fair | er sores with a Belly bunching forth, and a bow- Leaves, like thofe of the Limon or Orange tree, of | ing back, of a pale whitifh yellow color, hollow at the a dark green color, fomewhat fatter, and a little | upper end, with a Flap, not much unlike the to Flow- ec ars ers of Ariftolochia or Birthwort, ad round at the
IV. Gerard calls this Plant in Englifh, Sea La-| Mouth like a half Circle, full of great dark purplifh vender, (and from him Mr. Ray) but without any | Vers on the infide. The whole Leaf a pa a thick other ground, than that the cofor of the Flowers is Subftance, almoft like unto Leather, and among thefe fomewhat near thofe of Lavender, for which rea-| Leaves /prings up a Stalk, at the top of which comes fon Parkinfon altered the Title, to a more proper | forth a Flower with four or five Leaves, in a round- name, and call’d it Sea or Marsh Buglofs, as being | yh Seed Veffel, with a Tuberous Thrum in the mid- in form and color moft like to Buglofe dle.
V. The Defcription. The firft or Greater Marfh} VIII. The Places. The two firft grow in Marfh Buglofs bas a Root fomewhat thick and long, like|gtounds near the Sea in many parts of England. unto a fmall Red Beet Root, whence comes feveral | The firft grows plentifully upon the Wad/s of the fair, long, thick, or fat green Leaves, fomewhat like \ Fort ay Gravefend, as allo on the Banks of the unto Smalt Beet Leaves, (and that is the reafon | River below the fame Town, and below the King’s that Pliny refers the Limonium unto the Beets, and | Stone-houfe at Chatham, alfo by the King’s Fer, calls it a’Wild Beet, though Galen will have it, that Ring into the’ Ifle of Shepey; and in the Sale there is no Wild fort of Beet :) or Leaves of the| Marthes by Lee in Effex ; in the Marfh by Har- Limon Tree, from among which {pring up feveral\ wich, and many other places. The fecond grows brittle, naked Stalks, without Leaves, near half a|in the fields near the by Colchefter, as Lobel yard high, branched at the tops into feveral parts, | ays; and Clufius faith, may be found about Valen- whercon ftand many {mall blewifh purple Flowers, al]\ tia in Spain. The third has been found gro ing in on one fide for the moft parts omething like unto| Virginia; and my felf found it in Sout Corelind, Buglofs Flowers, but fmaller ater which come {mall | in a Marfhy Lo of Land at Canoi up Wando River, reddifh Seed, inclofed in the husks, which the Flowers| about nine Miles from Charles Town ; it was alfo food in before. fent to Clufius from Paris, by one that received it in the fame manner from Lisbon in Portugal.
IX. The Times. The two firft flower in Fune - and uly, and their Seed ae not long after: The laft I faw in Flower in Carolina, in the Month | oe ig but ftayed not in the place, to fee its ©
.|. X. The Qualities. bee are temperate as to heat or cold, drying in the third Degree, Aftringent, S tthe Seis and grt e Specification. They are peculiar againft Catarrhs and ‘Spitting of Blood. XII. The Preparations. You may make therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Pouder of the Seed. 4- A Decottion of the Roots. 3. An Oil or Balfam of the Leaves. |
The Virtues.
XIII. The liquid Fuice. It ftops Catarrhs or Di- ftillations of Rheum upon the Breft and Lun and prevails much againft Fluxes of the Bowels ; as alfo all forts of Bleedings, whether by the Mouth, as Spitting and Vomiting Blood, Piffing Bl the Bloody Flux, or overflowing of the Terms. fe three or four Spoonfuls in a Glafs of Red Florence, or Red Port Wine, Morning, Noon and Night.
XIV. The Effence. \t has all the Virtues of the Juice, but more Stomatick, and therefore better for fuch as have weak Stomachs. Dofe two or three fpoonfuls in Red Wine, as aforefaid, and at the fame
times.
VI. Colchefter Marth BuglofS, s like unto the| XV. The Pouder of the Seed. Gerard fays, that former almoft in all refpetts, the Root being reddi/h,\ being drank in Wine, it helps the Collick, Stran- but much leffer, the Leaves alfo leffer, and the Stalks \ gury, and Dyfentery, or Bloody Flux: Dofe one lower, being but a little more than a foot high ; the|}dram. It alfo ftops the overtlowing of the Cour- Flowers alfo of the fame color with the former, but | fes in Women, and all other Fluxes of Blood. yet leffer: fo that the difference between them feems\ XVI. The Decottion of the Roots. Being made in to be only in the magnitude. Red Wine, it is very Aftringent and Styptick, good
Vil. The Virginian Marfh BuglofS bas @ /ong Roor,| againft Catarrhs, and Fluxes of Blood, and has all an Inch thick in Diameter, or more, and.going almoft| the Virtues of the Juice and Effénce, but not alto- Strait down into the ground, fending forth from it \ gether fo powerful: It has been found to be a {pe- Several Branches, and fmall Fibres : It is a very \cifick againft Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, of Strange Plant, for from this Root fprings forth very | Quartan.
Slrange Leaves, fuch as are not to be Jeen in any| XVII. The Oil. It ismade by boiling the Leaves other Plant that we know of, being nine, or ten, or \in Oil Olive till they are Crifp,€%c. Applied to Con- more, rifing from the head of the Root aforenamed, | tufions, weakned Joints, w Backs, and Burnings,
__ each by it felf, being fmall below, and growing great-\ it cures them.
CHAP,
carried away, and many times falls down to the kround, in the. place where it grows, by which it ea ® elf. SS ee
IV. Thé Virginian Kind, .7s a hind of the former, having like Roots ; but its Leaves are rounder and [maller : the Burrs are alfo fmaller and harder, and furnifeed with very harp, crooked points, which fick very faft to every thing they 1 hold on:
V. The woolly headed Bur, st differs little from the a byt only that the Leaves grow not altoge-
CHAP. XCVIIL Of BURDOCK Great:
Ly HE Names. It is called in Greek, ’Apxsior,
mescimey, x; wesovmis : In Latin, Arcium, Pro- fopium, Profopis, Perfonata, Lappa and Bardana, in Shops: In Exgli/h, Burdock, and Clot Bur.
ther fo great ; and the heads being /maller, are wool Il. The Kinds. There ate feveral Kinds hereof, high ig J? 5
ly all over, and the prickles not fo fharp or flicking. Gerard fays, that the Leaves and whole ‘ene are Somewhat lefs than the firft or common kind, and that the Heads are hairy or downy, but otherwifé “| ike to it. Lobel calls this Ar&tion Montanum, and Lappa minor Galeni ; but it is indeed the Lappd minor altera Matthioli, 2 =
VI. The Rofe Bur, differs Little or nothing from the firft kind, but in the bead, which inftead of thé prickly Burs, bas many Jmall green Leaves, Jet to- gether like a fmall Rofe Plantane, and not much prickly at their ends. 7 whe
Vil. The Places. The frft of thefe grows plenti- fully with us every where, by Ditch fides, Water Sides, Waft peti and High ways. The Virginian is found in Virginia, Maryland, New England, and in other Provinces upon that Coaft. The shird is not fo frequent with us, as is the firft, yet I have found it in feveral places of England ; Lobel found it growing in Somerfet-fhire, about three Miles from Bath, near the then Houfe of Mr. Fobn Colt : alfo in the High way leading from Draiton 16 Iver, two Miles from Colebrook. The Jaft grows not Ac — but near Lip/wick in Germany.
é-
tafites, The Butter Bur, of which two laft, in the two following Chapters.
ey Great Burve Dock : s\ y’ f S ‘ 1 Sy WE ZC “3 J
The Times. ‘They Head, Flower, and Seed in Fune, Fuly and Auguft ; the Seed being ripe in a few Weeks after the Flowers are gone.
IX. The Quajities. They are all cooling and dry- ing in the firft'Degree ; yet Gerard fays, that thé Roots are modetately hot : They afe Aftiingent, Difcuffive, Digeftive, and Traumatick ; Cephalick, Neurotick, Nephritick, and Hyfterick ; Alterative, and Alexipharmick.
X. The Specification. The Burdock is peculiat againft the Poifon of Serpents ; and Obftructions of the Reins, Bladder and Womb,
XI. The Preparations.. You may have heteof, 1. The Leaves. 2. The Fuice. 3. The Effence. 4. The Saline Tindure, 5. The Qily Tintture. 6. The Decottion. 7. A Pouder of the Root. 8. A Pouder of the Seed. 9. A Conferve of thé Roots. 12. A mixture. 1. A Cataplafm 12. A
Salt.
\ 0/2 \DEI eee
A WZ Gi Z
M \Ugstey 4
The Virtues.
II. The Defeription. The Common Greater Bur-| : dock, has a Root great and thick, black on the out-| Xl. The Leaves. Being applied either dry ot fide, and whitifh within, fweet and pleafant in tafte | gteen, they cool, moderately dry, and difcufs withal, at firft, but fometbing bitter afterwards : from|\as Galen oT ; whereby they are good to lieal old whence pring forth many large, bard, green Leaves,| Sores and Ulcers, and help the Cramp, of fhriiking Somewhat like to the Butter-Bur, or Wild Dock, but | of the Sinews. . more crumpled, and of a darker green color on the| Xlll. The Fuice. The Juice of the Leaves mixt upper fide, but greyifh underneath : among which| with Honey, provokes Urine, and takes away thé Bs up hard and rough green Stalks, two or three| Pains of the Bladder : and mixt with Wine, it is eet high, with many Branches from them, baving | wonderfully good againft the bitings of Serpents, many the like, but leffer Leaves-on them, bearing at | Mad Dogs, and other Venomous Bealts. The Fuice their Tops feveral rough heads or burs, with crooked| of the Root taken to the quantity of three or four pointed Prickles, apt to ftick on Cloths, or other things | ounces, and drank with a good draught of Ale, is which they touch ; out of the tops of each of which} an excellent thing againft Wind, and cdldnéf of the come forth many bard purplifh threads, which are| Stomach. the Flowers ; which being faded and paft, turn tol XIV. The Effence. Ic has all the Virtues of the Down in the Heads ; and opening themfelves, foed| Juice, befides which it is excellent againft Poifon their Seed, which is grayifh, fomething like to the\ inwardly taken, and is good, being given Dieteti- Knap-weeds, which together with the Wind, is often | cally,againft Venereal Difeafes, as the Pox, Gonor- thxa,
gy tS
” given from twenty to thirty Drops, and outwardly
134 | Salmon’s Herbal. hab. I.
thea, &c. It heals inward Ulcers of the Lungs, and is good to cure {pitting of Blood. It is good againfi }) Gravel, Sand, Slime and Tartarous Matter, Obftru: cting the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, and prevails againft Vapors in Women, Obftructions of rhe omb, A Hyfterick Fits. Dofe from one f{poon- 1 to tour, or fix, mixt with any proper Vehicle. XV. The Saline Tinture of Seeds, or Leaves. Te powerfully opens Obftructions of the Womb, Reins, and Bladder, bringing away the Mattet. caufing the Obftruftion : Ourwardly, it is good to wafh the'part bitten by a Mad Dog, re it draws out the maligni- ty and Poifon. Dofe inwardly j. or ij drams in dz/- mart or Parfly Water, ot any other proper Vehicle. | XVI. The Oily Tinétures Te is an excellent thing againft Pun€tures, and other Wounds of the Nerves, prevails againft Cramps and Convulfions, inwardly
CHAP. X€IX. OF BURDOCK Small,
ya AR
ZS awe ~
applicd. ;
VIL The Decofion of the Root. Drank liberally | for fome time, it has been found very good to ex- terminate the Reliques of the French Difeafe : The Decoftion of the Root, as alfo of the Seed, is com- mended by Dio/corides againft the Tooth-ach, being held in the Mouth. It is alfo good to foment withal | againft Burnings and Kibed heels : and made with
ine, and drank, it prevails againft the Strangury.
XVIII. The Pouder of the Root. It is good againft
fpitting Blood, helpful in Confumptions, and expels sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Matter out of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder. Dofe one ot two draris in White or Red Wine, €c.
XIX. The Pouder of the Seed. Taken to one dram, in a proper Vehicle, it is an excellent thing againft Sand, tavel, or Tartarous Matter in Reins or Bladder, and gives eafe in the Strangury, and other like Difeafes of thofé parts : and drank with Wine for forty days together, it wonderfully helps the Sciatica. :
KX. The Conferve of the Roots. It is helpful in Confumptions, and good for fuch as are troubled with the Stone, or any Flux of the Bowels.
XXI.. The Mixture. Take Fuice of the Root, which make with Alicant two pounds : Old Tent, a pint and half : mix them. Four ounces of this be- ing drank Morning, Noon and Night, ( after due purging ) is good againft the Running of the Reins in Men, and the Whites in Women. Or thus: Take Fuice of the Roor, made as aforefaid, twelve ounces: old Tent eight ounces : Volks of new laid Eggs, n° itij : pouder of Acorns, an ounce and balf : Nutmegs in pouder half an ounce: mix them. \t has the Virtues-of the forrner, befides which, it ea- fes pain in the Reins, and wonderfully ftrengthens a weak Back.
XXII The-Cataplafm. Made of the Leaves bruifed, with the White of an Egg, and laid on any place burnt with fire, it takes the fire out, gives fudden eafe, and afterwards heals it. ‘The } Roots made into a Cataplafm by being beaten with Salt, and neg ( as Apulerws fays ) to the biting of a Mad Dog, cures it, and fo {peedily frees the Patient from all danger. Columella fays, the Cata- plafm made of the Leaves beaten up with Salt, bein laid upon the biting of a Viper (the part being firf fcarrified with a Lancet) draws out the Poifdn. The former Cataplafm of the Roots with Salt, is more available than the former againft the Poifon of Serpents; and being applied, is alfo good againtt ie a tae f
» The Salt from the Afbes. Taken in White] I. HE Names. It is i ‘ Wine, Arfmart, or Parfley Water, fiom a fcruple t6! f dt 15 \called in “Gr eck, aivbsow half adram, it is good to provoke Urine, cleante the Netra Paflages, and to carry off the Watry Humor ‘in Dropfies.
er :
; 5
ee % edoryavev : In Latin, AXanthium : In the Shops, Lappa ‘minor, Lappa inverfo, and by fome, Strumaria, and Bardana minor > Yn Engli~h, the Leffler or Small Burdock. :
IL. The
eafe in Pains, being bathed warm upon the parts ~ affetted.
Se aE ann oe oe SS Chap: 100. Ezghf>b Herbs. 135
Il. The Kinds. It is the leffer fort of the Burdocks, and fingular of the Kind.
Ill. The Defcription. It has a fmall Root fome- what long and fibrous, and perifbing every year: from which Root rifes up a rough crefted Stalk, about two feet high, breaking out into feveral Branches, with many blackifh fpots upon them, with two much fmaller and whiter Leaves at every Foint, ftanding upon long Kootftalks, which Leaves are ufaally divided into three parts, fomething like un- toa Marfp Mallow leaf, unevenly notch’d or dented about the edges : at the Foints of the Stalk and Branches with the Leaves, towards the tops of them, come forth [mall Flowers, which abide not long, and after them, two or three fmall, clofe Burs, a little pointed at the top, wherein lye two or three fa lank Seeds, fomewhat like unto an Oat, which fall not out, nor do the heads open.
IV. The Places. It grows in many places of this
Green Burs, being beaten to a Pap in a Mortar, and mixed with a third part of Mithridate. . Bei applied upon hard Kernels, or Swellings in the Flefh a thofe proceeding ftom the Kings-Evil) it is
id to foften and diffolve them: but more efpe- cially, if ix the mean feafon, the uice, Effence or Decottion in Wine aforementioned be daily givey inwardly two, three or four ounces. at a time, an that Morning, Noon, and Night ; for thefe Prepa- rations very much: {weeten the Blood and Juices ; and corre&t the Difcra/e of the Humors.
CHAP. C of BUT TER-BUR.
L*T* HE Names.« It is called in Greek Memwtrns
In Latin, Petafites ; ( from the largenefs the Leaf, it being large like Méroey, 2 Hat : ) fome take it to be “Iguey Theopbrafti, and fome to be Pers folata Plinij : In Enelip it is called alfo Peta/ites, great Burdock does , viz. in the Summer Months, and Butter-Bur : The Germans call it Peftilence- Fune, Fuly and Auguft. wort, or Plague-wort,
VI. ‘The Qualities. Itis temperate as to heat and} Ul. The Kinds. It is of two forts, a Greater, cold, drynefS and moifture, yet Galen will have the} 28d a Lefer, and differing alfo in the Flowers; Seeds to be hot and dry, digeftive, alfo difcuffive, | but fo very like one another, that one Deftription Neurotick, Splenetick, and Hyfterick ; Alterative,| Will ferve for both. Camerarivs calls the more and. ple oe ; . . pe gle Dog reg io A but in < Epito-
. The Specification. It is fingular againft the} ”¢ © thiolus, he ca e Greater, Tuffilago pain and hardnefs of the Spleen. major for that fome will have it to be a kind of
VIII. The Preparations. You may. keep hereof, | @ sf0 ‘ | 1. The Fuice.. 2. The Effence. 3. The Saline Tin- Gure. 4. The Oily Tintture. 5. A Pouder of the Root. 6. A Pouder of the Seed. 7. A Conferve of the Roots. 8. A Salt. 9. A Decottion of the Roots. 10. A Lotion, or Wafh. 11. A Cataplafa of the Roots or Seeds.
The Virtues.
IX. Al thefe Preparations have the fame Vir- tues, Ufes, and Dofes, with thofe of the fame name in the Chapter of the Great Burdock, to which you are referr’d ; but there are fome peculiar Virtues in this Plant, not obferv’d to be inherent in the former, for which reafon we fhall fay fomething more of its Effence, Decottion, Lotion, and Cataplafm, in the Seftions sngeyb J
X. The Effence. It ttrikes at the Root of the Lepeolis, hee againft Faintings and Swoonings, opens Obftruftions of Liver and Spleen, but more efpecaly of the laft, and gives eafe in pains of the
lypochonders and Bowels. Dofe three or four ies Morning and Evening in a Glaf$ of Sher- ty Wine. XI. The Decolfion. It is to bemade with Wine : and has the Virtues of the Effence ; it confumes | the hardnefs of the Spleen, being taken inwardly Morning, Noon, and Night, to fix ounces, and as often bathed warm upon the part affe€ted.
XII. The Lotion. It is made of the Burs, before
“ify = é 4 . = i] =| 34 “= Wh aA A wll q AAS WZ 4 fess . >,’ NIG / BG aie ly, \ Zt ) d/} Z ! iD Z NN Z Z
they are ripe, being bruifed and laid to fee in We OF a>’ ter, or Wine, in which a little Nitre is diffolved, for - = twenty four hours. It difeuffes Tumors, and gives Butter Bur wi Mont fi ory
If the Hair is fometimes wafhed there-} III]. The Deftription. It has a long Root and
vith, it makes it become yellow. It is an excel-| thick, /preading under ground, blackifh on the out- Tent Gargle for a fore Mouth and Throat, taking] fide, and whitifh within, oftentimes Worm eaten, away the Inflammation, and healing of it in a very | and of a bitter and unpleafant tafte: It fprings up Short time. very early in the Year, with a thick Stalk about 2 KIL. The Cataplafm. It is made of thé Roots or} foos high, on which are fet a few fmall Leaves, on
rather
136 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. L
rather pieces, and at the Tops a long fpiked head of lowers, in the one ( which is the lefs, and the more rare to find ) wholly white, and of a better fcent than the other ( though fome fay it has no fcent ) in the Greater, which is the more common with us, of a blufh, or deep red color, according to the Soil in sobich it grows ; a clay ground bringing forth a paler color, fomewhat-weak , and aes the Stalk has flood with the Flowers a Month above ground, it will be faded away and gone, and blown away with the Wind: after which ‘the Leaves will begin to fpring, which when they are full grown, will be very broad and large, big enough to cover the whole Body, at leaft the Head, like an Umbrella, which bides from Sun and Rain they are fomewhat thin, and almoft round ; whofe thick red Footftalks, being about a foot or more long, fiand under, or towards the middle of the Leaves, the lower parts of which, are divided into too round parts, clofe almoft one to another, of a pale green color above, and hoary underneath. That which brings white flowers, brings forth alfo fmaller leaves than the otber doth, baving divers ribs and veins therein, ‘
whiter underneath , every Stem bears his Leaf, which is “fometimes a Cubit long, thick and full of Jubftance, which flands, as it were, under the Leaf in the Center or Middle almoft of the Circumference, like to one of the greateft Mufhrooms, /fetting afide the Cleft at the lower part of the Leaf near the Stem, efpecially when they are perifhing or wither- ing away : at firft the upper fuperficial or outfide of the Mufhroom /tands out, and when they are in wi- thering it ftands more in, and the edges, as it were, turn up ; fo is it in the Butter Bur Leaf, which bas on the out fide a certain fhallow hollownefs.
V. The Places. bi both grow in,wet and moi, Grounds by Rivers and Water fides, and upon the Brinks and Banks of Lakes and Ponds, almoft eye- ry where. Y-
VI. The Times. The Flowers rife and decay in February and March, and then fade’ away ; Gerard fays, in March or April: when they are gone, then come up the Leaves, which remain all Summer, even till Winter, new ones ftill growing up, and being added to the former.
VII. The Qualities. The Roots, which are moftly ufed, are hot and dry in the third Dee ns Difcuflive, and Sudorifick ; Cephalick, ie Stomatick, 5 kas and Cordial ; Alterative, Alexipharmick.
VIII. The Specification. It has a peculiar power and force againft Poifon of all kinds, and the Infe- &ion of the Plague.
IX. The Preparations. You may prepare from the Root, 1. A Pouder. 2 A Fuice. 3. An Effence. - 4. A Spirituous Tinfure. 5. A Decottion. 6. A Mixture.
The Virtues.
X. The Poxder. Being given to one dtam, and drunk in Wine, it is a moft excellent thing againft . the Plague, and all forts of. Peftilential Fevers, as Spotted Fever, Purples, Meafles, Small Pox, &c. becaufe it is Sudorifick or provoking Sweat, and drives from the Heart all forts of Venom and Poy- fon: it kills Worms, and is powerful againft Hy- fterick Fits, or Vapors and Suffocation‘ of the Mo- ther : If it is ftrewed on old and filthy running UI- cers, it cleanfes, drys, and heals them. It alfo vokes Urine, and~ the Monthly Terms in Wo- °
men.
XI. The Fuice. It is expreffed out of the Root being bedten in a Mortar, and fqueezed out wi “a White Port Wine. It has all the Virtues of the i. | Pouder, and may be given from one ounce, to two or three ounces, Morning and Evening, as a preven- tive againft the Plague, and every fix hours afteg Infe€tion. ; XII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the A Pouder and Juice, but more powerful to all the In- af tentions : It provokes Urine, and the Courfes, and 4 kills the flat, broad Worms in theBelly. Dofe one or two ounces mixed with Wine. It is a powerful thing in the cure of the Yellcw Jauridice, and the oa bitings of Vipers, €c. « Sa
. The Spirituous Tintture. It is good againft ; Poifon, and the Bitings of Mad Dogs, prevails a- gainft Fainting and Swooning Fits, and is a famous thing to re€tifie the Diftemper of the Stomach. Dofe one or two drams in.a GlafS of Ca XIV. The Decottion. It is good againit Co
IV. Gerard has another kind of Defcription, Which in fome meafure explicates the former, for which reafon I think it neceffary to infert it here: Butter-Bur (fays he) does in a manner bring forth its Flowers before the Leaves, as Colts-foot does ( for which reafon fome have thought it to be one f the kinds of Colts-foot, and for which reafon Matthio- lus and Camerarius iz their Epitome, have called it Tuffilago major, as is before mentioned: ) Thefe Flowers, fays he, are Small and Moffie, tending to a perple color, which are made up into a big Ear, as it were, and quickly after, together with its Stem, € which is thick, full of fubftance, and brittle ) fade and fall away : then comes up the;Leaves, which are very great, like around Cap or Hat, called in Latin Petafus, of fuch a widene{s or largenefs, as that of it felf one leaf is big enough to keep a Man from a Shower of Rain, or from the heat of the Sun, and therefore are much larger than the Leaves of the great Butdock ; their color is fomewbat white, but
: 4 t-Coughs, = | Colds, Afthma’s, Wheezings, difficulty of Breathing, = and other Diftempers of the L caufing Expee €toration.. It kills Worms, provokes the Terms, and has all the other Virtues of the Pouder and Ef fence aferegoing, but not full out fo. c fe from two ounces to four or fix, as hot as it —
ae >
-
~ -
-
Jong winged Leaves, fpread upon the Ground, which
se 9 ; 7 , = ; a oo a oe Hii on ‘
Chap. 101: Exgli/o Herbs: 137 ee confift of divers Jmall roundifh, or rather Uval- leaves, green on the upper-fide, and grayifh under- neath, finely-dented about the edges, fet on each fide of a middle rib : amongft which rife up feveral creft- ed brown Stalks a foat high or better, and in rank ground fometimes a foot and half high, teith fome ‘{maller Leaves fet in fome-places thereon, divided into feveral Branches. At ithe 1% grow fmall round loofe beads, upon long Footftal of a brownifh color, from whence fet forth {mall purplifh lowers, and after them cornered Seed. The whole Plant has a pleafant Face Smell and Tafte, much like to the Savor of a Smelt, and put into a Glafs of Wine, gives it a pleafant Relifb. Mag ae:
IV.. The Inodorous Burnet in Rocts, Stalks, Leaves, and Heads, is altogether like the former, fave that the Leaves are not fo round, but fomething longer, and have no manifejt Smell or Tafte in them:
can well be taken, Morning and Evening, to-prevent the Infeétion of the Plague; and as much every fix hours, for thofe who are already feized with it. . XV. The Mixture. It is thus made: Take of the Fuice expreffed with Vinegar, or the Effence, twelve ounces: Fuice of Rue four ounces : Venice Treacle, or Mithridate two ounces : mix them well togetber by fhaking. It is an Antidote againft the Plague or eftilence, Spotted Fever, Purples, Small Pox, Meatles, Poi on, biting of Vi or other Ser- ents, and the bitings of Mad-Dogs, or of any other enomous Creature. Dofe two ounces at a time, as often as need requires.
CHAP. CL Of BURNET.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek by Nico-
laus Myrepfius, Tipxwers, Or as Gefner has it, Msunvias: In Latin, Pimpinella, Sanguiforba, Bi- pennula, Peponella, Sorbaftrella ; and Sanguinaria, quod Sanguineos fluxus fiftat : In Englifh, Bur- net.
Il. The Kinds. It is fourfold, 1. Pimpinella vulgaris five minor, The Common or Lefler Burnet. 2. Pimpinella inodora, Smellefs Burnet. 3. Sangui- Sorba he Pimpinella Major five Sy/veftris, Great or Wild Burnet. 4. Pimpinella Maxima Americana, The Greateft, or American Burnet. Where Note, that fome Authors think our Garden or Field Bur- net to be the Sideritis fecunda Diofcoridis ; but I think them to be miftaken, becaufe this lattér an- fwers in the form of the Flowers to our Burzet.
SF i a } !
— /, 4) iy X
gy, Hi Large XN Y “Common Dburnet
V. The Great or Field Burnet; has @ Root hlack and long like the firft Kind, but greater, from whence Springs up fuch like winged Leaves, but nothing fo many, and cach of thofe Leaves on the Wings, are twice as large ot leaft as the other, and nicked about the edges in the fame manner, of a grayifh color on the under fide: Stalks are greater, and rife higher; with many oiik like Leaves fet thereon, and greater round heads on the Tops, of a brownifh green color, out of wbich come fall dark purple Flowers, very much like the former, but greater ; The Plant it seif bas very little of Smell cr Vafte in it, whieh can le
erceived, VI. The American great Burnet, bas a Root much reater than the former, and woody, longer alfo, and Wacker than the loft ; but in all its other parts, it is like our Field Burnet, but much greater : often times all its Leaves are of a blewifh green on the upper Side, and folded half way together inward, fo thar the under fides of the Leaves, which are greyifh, Sher themfelves upwards , and they are dented fome- what deeply about ihe edges, with greater dents; which makes them fhew the more comely and piea- ‘ant. The tops of the Sialks bear fmaller, and mic? F longer,
Saal Burnet Ill. The oo ae ig The be of thefe bas a
Root which zs {mall and long, and of a blackilh brown onthe outfide, growing deep into the Earth, with
Some Fibres thereat ; from whence comes forth many
- . fs 9 Phy
: a
138
longer, whitifh green —— heads, fet thick with Knaps, each of which when it flowers ( beginning below, and fo rifing higher ) fhews to be four whitifh green Leaves, having many fmall white long threads in the midft ; after which come in their places cor- mered Seed like the other. The whole plant bas not much fmell, but in its Tafte, is much like the
jt.
VIL. The Places. The firlt grows wild in feveral Counties of ovr Land, in dry fandy places, but is ufually kept in Gardens. The fecond, Baubin faith is found in Spain, and I have found it in fome Mea- dows in Norfolk, not far from Lyz Regis. The third is found in feveral. Counties of Eng/and, in the Meadows in Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge-fhire, Huntingdon-fhire, and. Northampton-fbire , as alfo neat London, by Pancras Church, in two or three Fields nigh Booby’s-Barz, and in the middle of a
Field by Paddington : I have alfo found it in fome| da
Fields between London and Newington, as alfo go- ing towards the Boarded River. ‘The /aft is found in the French Settlements in Canada, and in the North parts of Virginia, where it is Natural : from whence it has been tranfplanted to us, and is nou- rifhed up in Gardens. , _ VILL. The Times. They all flower in Fune, and beginning of Fu/y ; and their Seed is ripe in Az-
gut.
IX. The Qualities. They ate generally hot and dry ; the firft of them in the Second Degree ; the other three in the Firft a5 ee : They are Incarna- tive, Aftringent, Styptick, ercuffive, and Trau- matick, or Vuln : Cephalick, Neurotick, Sto- matick, Cardiack, and Alterative : Alexipharmick, and Analeptick.
X. The Specification. Burnet is a peculiar Plant for ftopping all forts of Fluxes of Blood ; whence came the names Sanguiforba, and Sanguinaria.
XI. The Preparations. You may p there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. A Decoltion. 3. A Syrup. 4. AWine. 5. A Vinegar. 6. A Spiri- tuous Tintture. 7. An Acid Tintture. 8. A Pox- der. 9. An Oil. 10. An Ointment. 11. A Bal- Jam. 12. A Spirit. 13. The Seed.
The Virtues.
XII. The liquid Fuice. Taking it inwardly from three to five ounces, either alone or mixed with Red Wine, it ftops all manner of Inward bleedings whatfoever, whether fpitting or vomiting Blood, pifling Blood, or Bloody-flux : It alfo ftrengthens the Stomach and Heart : and is fingular good for all forts of Wounds, whether inward or outward.
XIII. The Decoffion. It has the Virtues of the liquid Juice, but is much weaker, yet very good to repref§ Vapors in Women. Dofe fix ounces Morning and Evening.
XIV. The Syrup. It is excellent againft {pitting of Blood, and heals Bloody-fluxes of the Bowels ; and it is fo much the more effeftual with Steeled Water or Wine: If it is made of the Juice, it is
ood for healing all forts of Wounds of Head and Body, inward or outward, for all old Ulcers, UI- cerated Cancers, and Running Sores, which are hard to be cured. Dofe two or three ounces at a time.
XV. The Wine. It chears the Heart, revives the Spirits ; and is good againft Melancholly, drooping of the Mind, and fainting of the Heart.
XVI. The Vinegar. It is a fpecial thing to pre- ferve from, and cure the Plague or Peftilence, the Spotted Fever, or any other malign acute Difeafe of that kind ; for it in a fpecial manner defends
the Heart from Poifonous and Noifom Vapogs, and
all contagious Difeafes, being given mixed with| and from him
Salmon’s Herbal.
ful at a time in a Glafs of
7
Lib. |
the: Juice in equal quantities, and the Patient laid © to Sweat thereupon. Dofe three ounces.
XVII. The Spirituous Tinfure. it comforts and warms the Stomach and Bowels, ftrengthens Na and takes away the weaknefs of the Stomach Inteftines, thereby ftopping Fluxes of the Belly of all kinds : It ftrengthens the Heart and Liver, and other principal Parts, and therefore is good againft Faintings and shee ie Dofe one fpoon-
ine.
XVIIL The Acid Tindure. This has all the Vir- tues of the Vinegar aforegoing, but is much more powerful than it, to all the purpofes and intentions there fpecified : befides this is an i ea be Sto- matick, and therefore powerful in ftepping Vomit- ings, and alfo fpitting of Blood, being given in a Glafs of Canary, or Red Port Wine. Dofe thirty or forty drops, to fifty or fixty, two or three times a
Xx. The Pouder. Ufed outwardly to old Ulcers, moift and running Sores, it drys them up wonder- fly, and prepares them for healing. It may be made of the whole Plant.
XX. The Oi. It is ufed te abate Inflammations, eafe Pains, ftrengthen weak Parts, cure Burning: and Scaldi og to draw en oe. out of Wounds made by the bitings of Venomous Beafts.
XXL The Ointment. \t has the Virtues of the Oil, but penetrates not fo much, yet is more effe- tual for the cure of Wounds, Ulcers, and other Running and Malignant Sores. —__
XXII. The Balfam. If it is made of the Juice, or
pa a My is Ar ceaiee Wie iheete in b
orld: it digefts, cleanfes, drys, ftrengthens heals all green beers old Ulcers, running Sores, and other ill natured Difeafes of that kind. It is certainly a moft excellent Wound Balfam. If it is mixed with Pouder of Scammony, it takes away fot ten Flefh, and deftroys Putridity or Rottennel&.
XXIL The Spirit. It bo inward Bleedings, comforts the Heart and Bowels, and is an excellent thing againft Fluxes of the Belly of all kinds, more ° efpecially the Bloody-flux, and the overflowing of the Terms in Women : and this it does the more powerfully, if'a little Catechu be diffolved in it. It
revails alfo againft the Contagion of the Plague. Dofe from one dram to half an ounce.
XXIV. The Seed made into a Pouder. This, fays Parkinfon, is no lefs efte€tual, both to Fluxes, and to dry up moift or running Sores, being Gre inwardly ( to one dram ) in fteeled Water or Wine,
that is, if Water in which hot Gadds of Steel have been quenched ;. or if Wine, in which old Nails have been infufed for two or three Months before- hand: The pouder of the Seed may alfo be mixed with Ointments or Inje€tions. XXV. The American Burnet has all the fame Pre- arations with our Englifh, and the famie Virtues, Lifes, and Dofés.
5 J 4
CHAP. Ch °, BUTTER-WORT.
I. HE Names. Xt feems not to be known to the Greeks, and therefore we have no unlt-
verfally received Greek name for it, only
thought it to be Dodecatheon Plinij : Lugdunenft
thinks it may be Gras Apulei, and calls it Cacalla-
ta: but it is called in Latin Pinguicul |
im all call it fo : othere. Li
Chap. 103.
Eni Herks
139
Plinij, Viola bumida, Viola Paluftris : Baubin calls | venfwaith in Wefimorland , upon Ingleborow Fels,
it, Sanicula montana flore calcare donata : with us it is called, Samicula Eboracenfis ( becaufe it grows fo plentifully in York-fhire. ) In Englifh it is called Butter-wort, and Butter-root, becaufe of the Un- Gtuofity of the Leaves; or elfe from Fattening, as Gerard fays, who alfo faith, they call ic White Ror, and not White Root, becaufe the Countrey people
- think, that if their Sheep fhould eat it, that it would
give them the Rot; and they give it the Epithite White, from the color of the Leaf : as they have another which they call Red-Ror; which is Pedicu- daris, Red-Kattle.
Il. The Kinds. It is a fingular Species of the Sa- nicles ; being Genus to none elfe.
Butter wort.
III. The Defcription. It bas a Root compofed of divers white Fibres, or {mall Strings, which die not in the Winter, but abide all the time with green Leaves upon them: From this Root {pring forth di-
vers i% and long Leaves ping upon the ground
round about it, broad at the bottom, and pointed at the end, of a pale green color on the upper fide, but white underneath, folded together at their firft ri- Jing, which then are more White. From among thefe Leaves, rife up two or three, or more, flender naked Stalks; about five or fix Inches high, bearing but one only Flower at top of each Stem, fet in a fmall green husk, in form fomewbat like a Violet Flower, or thofe of Larks Heels or Spurs, having a {mall Heel or Spur bebind, in fome of a purple, in others of a more blew color, and in fome white.
Howers are paft, th
pointed round heads, in which i contained fmall, long, black Seed.
We. The Places. It is chiefly found in the Com- mon Field, and in feveral on the Hills in 2or’- Shire : and in many places alfo in the Weft Country, and Wales : as alfo in a holt about a Mile ftom Oxford, neat a Village called
When the
erington. Ge-
rard fays, it grows in England in fquafhy wet _ Grounds,
and will not yield to any Tranfplanting ing of it ; and that it grows efpecially ed Crag-Clofe, and at Crosby, and Ra-
twelve Miles from Lencaffer ; and in Harwood in the fame County, near to Blackburn , ten Miles from Prefton in Aundernefs upon thé Bogs, and Marfh Grounds: and in the Boggy Meadows about Bifhops-Hatfield : alfo in the Fenns in the way from London to Whitlefea Mere in Huntington-Shire : It grows alfo in Hampfhire, and in great abundance in many places in Wales. - .
V. The Times. It Flowers towards thé latter end of May, and all the Month of Fume, even to Fuly, (according as the Weathet proves ) and the Seed is ripe not long after.
VI. The Qualities. \t is Temperate in refpett to heat or'cold, and Drying in the Second Degree. It is Sons and Cathattick, like Rhubarb ; Con folidativé, and Traumatick, or Vulnerary.
VII. The Specification. It is dedicated to the cus ting of Green Wounds, and healing of Recent Rup- tures in Children. ;
VIII. The Preparations. You may fnake there- from, 1.. A Liquid Fuice of the Plant. 2. A Syrup 3. An Ointment. 4. A Balfam.
The Virtues.
IX. The liquid Fuice. Conntry Bale Rade live where it grows do ufe to wafh their Hands with it, when they are Chapt by the Wind or Weather: . and in 2oré/bire they anoint the Dugs of their Kine, with the Fat and yA Juice, when they are bitten with any Poifonous Woitm or Fly, or are Chapt or Rift by Weather, or any other means.
X. The Syrup. The Poorer fort of People in Wales, make a Syrup thereof, as of Rofes, and there+ with Purge themfelves, and their Children: th mix it with Broth for the fame purpofe, and fo it
urges Flegm effeftually. Dofe from two to fout poonfuls.
XI. The Ointment. They alfo with the Herb make an Ointment, which is held to be fingularl good (and that by the Experience of fome Phy& cians ) againft the Obftructions of the Liver.
XIL. The Balfam. Mt is faid to cure Ruptures in Children, being applied Plaifter-wife: It is a fingu- lar Vulnerary, for it digefts, cleanfes, and heals Green Wounds in any part, being highly Aftringent, Drying, and Confolidating, not much inferior to any of the Wound Herbs.
CHAP. CII. CABBAGE.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kegusn mpanoTi: In Latin, Braffica Capitata : In Englifh, Cabbage, or Headed Colewort. be Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Keduén xeparord acuxd, Braffica Capitata Alba, White Cabbage.
ere come in their places fmall' 2. Kogubu vaparwrn equoes, Braffica Capitata Rubra,
Red Cabbage. II. The Defcription. The Common White Cab- bage bas a Root going right down, but not deep, nor Spreading far, and ufually dies in Winter : from which Root fprings up one thick Stalk, baving at top thereof a great thick Head of crumpled Leaves : tha Head is clofed bard and round, and bas at firft great large thick Leaves, of a grayifh green color, with thick, great, and lying open moft part of the Summer, without clofing : but towards the end of the Sum- mer, being grown to have many Leaves, it then be- pe gins
<0 Silas iia) Labo 140 Salmon’s Herbal. ib, I.
VIL. The Specification. It is in vain to be parti- cular, for the old Romans having expelled Phyficians out of their Territories for Six Hundred Tears, did maintain their Health by ufing and applying Cab- bages and Coleworts as their only Medicine, or Re- medy, in every Difeafe. And therefore as they thought them to be efteCtual againft all Difeafes of the Body, whether inward or outward, fo Chry/ipus wrote a Volume of their Virtues, applying them to ~ every part of the Body.
IK. The Preparations. You may make therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. A Decottion. 3. A Syrup. - An lettuary. §. Afhes. 6. The whole Sub-
por 7. A Collyrium. 8. The Seed.
Sins to grow clofe and round in the middle, and as it clofes, the Leaves grow white inwar Iss yet there are fome kinds, which will never be fo clofe as thefe, but will remain we open, which are not accounted to be fo good as the ober. In the middle of this
ad, the next Year after the Sowing ( in otber Countries efpecially, and fometimes in ours ) if the Winter is mild, you may fee in divers Gardens a Sreat thick Stalk to fhoot forth, which is divided in the top into many Ramifications, or Branches, bearing thereon divers {mall Flowers, fometimes white, but moft commonly yellow, made of four Leaves, which being paft, turn into long, round, and pointed Cods, containing therein {mall round Seed, like to Turnep Seed. Now here is to be noted, that by reafon of the bard Frofts, and Cold of our Countrey, fome of our Gardiners, for the preventing the danger of the faid Winter rls do ufe to take up fuch Cabbages ( as they intend to referve for Seed ) with their Roots , and tying a Cloth or fome fuch thing about the Roots, do bang them up in their Houfes, that thereby they may be defended againft the Cold; and then fet them again after the Frofts are paft.
The Virtues.
X. The liquid Fuice. Drunk in Wine to three or four ounces, it is good againft the bitings of Vi- » or other Venomous Creatures: mixed with oney, and taken, it is good againft HoarfnefS, or lofs of the Voice, and helps to reftore fach as are in Confumptions.; mixed with Wine or Vinegar, and drank, it is good againft the Venom of Muth- rooms: Galen applied it to the Temples of fuch as had the Head-ach, arifing ‘fiom DrunkennefS ;_ it ——e fo ftrongly, that it is faid to cure the Le- rofie.
. XI. The Decoffion. The firft Deco&tion is faid to age the Body, but the fecond does Aftringe or Bind, or that the Nitrous quality is quite confumed or fpent. If it is made in Water, with an old Cock beaten to peices boiled in it, it prevails a inft Con- fumptions, and helps fuch as.are troubled with Gri- pings, ant pees in their Stomachs and Bowels, ‘it is alfo good for fuch as are troubled with Obftru- tions of Liver or Spleen, and the Stone or -Gravel in Reins or Bladder. It reftrains the Vapors ari-
Pp the Humors. It alfo cleanfes and heals old and filthy Ulcers or Sores, and Scabbinefs, being
XIL. The Syrup. Made of the Juice, has the Vir- tues of the fame, but in a more peculiar manner it is good againft Coughs, Colds, Wheafings, fhortnefs of Breath, Confumptions, and other Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs : dropt into the Eyes, it confumes Films, Clouds, or other things which obfufcate. the Sight, and heals Sores and Ulcers in the Eyes.
I. The Eleduary. It is made of the Pulp of the great middle Ribs of the great Leaves, boiled foft in Almond Milk, or Cows Milk, and compleat- ed with Honey. It is profitably ufed for fuch as ~ are Hoarfe or Wheeze, or are Purfie or Short-wind- ed; being taken three, four or five times a day, as much as a Wallnut.
XIV. The Afhes. They are made of the Stalks, and are of fuch a drying Quality, that as Parkin- Jon faith, they become almoit Cauftick : being mix- ed with Oil pret ate. a a . fall pro-
; clini urple. rotion, they are found to efrectual to anoint. ie Pe Prey are found growing with i Sides of fuch as have had vehement and inve- us only in Gardens, being nourifhed, and brought] terate Pains there; as alfo it is good for Pains in to perfection chietly by the care and induftry of] any other place, caufed by the accefg of Melancho- Gardiners. lick and Flatulent Humors, helping mightily to dif-
“VI. The Times. They Flower-for the moft part | cufs and {catter them; and therefore muft be very in Fune or Fuly, and the Seed is ripe in Auguft. _| profitable againft the Gout. oY Be
VIL. The Qualities. They are ‘Temperate in re-| XV. The whole Subjiance. It is ufually boiled im fpett of heat or coldngfs ; and moift in the firft De- | Water, or in Mutton ‘or Beef Broth, till it is foft ; gree: They are alfo mm Abfterfive, Diuretick | and fo with Butter, Vinegar, and Pepper, it is eaten and Emollient : Alfo Pett =i Hepatick, Nephri- | as a Sallet, and for Food : and fo eaten it nourifhes, tick, and Hyfterick ; Gala€togenetick and Altera-|cleanfes the Bowels, creates Seed, alfo ice tive,
IV. The Red Cabbage # in all sings like unto the White, excepting in the color, this being deeply Red ; as alfo in the magnitude, the Red being for the moft part lefs than the White , and though it is many times found large, yet it # fcarcely ever found So large as the large ones of the White.” In this alfo the color of the Leaves is very variable, in fome it is Green ftriped with Red in others it is more Red ; and again in fome, it avery deep Red, and fome-
Nurfes, helps Coughs, and HoarfnefS, and reftores in Confumptions, being very Stomatick ; ( for Sto- maticks are indeed the greateft reftauratives. )
XVI. The Collyrium. It is made of the Juice mixed with Honey, and boiled to the thicknefS of a thin. Syrup. Drop’d into the Eye, it clears the fight, and clears it of Clouds or Films, or any other matter which hurts it. It prevails againft an Oph- thalmie, and heals Sores or Ulcers of the Eye, re- pais | the weaknefs, and much ftrengthening the part atteCted.
XVII. The Seed. If it is bruifed, and mixed with a fixth part of Muftard Seed, and fo drunk with Wine, it kills Worms in the Stomach or Bowels : ~ it alfo expels Wind in the Bowels ; and eafes the pains of the Ventricle caufed from Acid, or Cold and Moift Humors. Dofe one dram, Morning and Evening.
,
CHAP. CIV. CALAMINT Common and Small.
I. HE Names. it is called in Greek, KeraulyOn
( quafi bona vel utilis Mentha) in Latin,
pe lid : and in Exglifh, Calamint, or Mountain int.
Il. The Kinds. It is chiefly twofold, 1. Keareuivd xowi, Calamintha vulgaris, Common Calamint ; of which in thisChapter. 2. Karaysy)n dyeu, Calamin- tha agreftis, Field or Wild Calamint; of which in the next Chapter.
III. The Common Calamint, of which we here treat, is three fold, viz. 1. Calamintha vulgaris mag- na, The Great Common Calamint. 2. Colemint a Praftantior, The Greateft Calamint, which grows plentifully in our Exglifh Plantations in America. 3. Calamintha minor, The Leffer Calamint.
CALAMIMTHA Commmunis.
« es)
EA\/ NHS “Al
ay) 2 ‘| Pn nS yan Siz
AA Ws Nee) ib
XS SS
iy = \Fsa) = y
© = Wr \ / —<— Mi KO oe <\
1) af
eA ’
V EZ
, ; Whee
.
IV. The Defcription. Our ordinary Calarnint bas
@ Root {mall and woody, with divers {mall twigs, or hibres, {preading within the ground, not dying An« nually, but abiding many Years 5 from which Root rife up feveral Jouareé hoary and woody Stalks, about a foot high, feldom higher : The Stalks and Branches have two hoary Leaves fet at a Fort, abdut the big. nels of Marjoram, or not much bigger, a little dent- ed about the edges, and of avery piercing and quick ~} Scent, as the whole Herb ws : ti Elowers frand at feveral
Salmon’s
142
Herbal... Lb.
EINE E EINER Jeveral places of the Stalks, from the middle almoft| two to four ounces, to {uch as are troubled with a
upwards, hich are fmall and gaping, much hke to
thofe of Mint, and of a pale blufh color. ‘The Flow-
rae ue gone, there follows {mall, round, blackifh eed...
V. Calamintha Praftantior Americana, bas a woody Root, which abideth, and fends forth new Branches every Year. It is a Sweet Herb, and rifes upto be about a foot and half high, with fquare, hard, and hoary Stalks, which are many, and more Slender than thoje of the Wild Mint ; on which are Jet at every Foint, two fmall, and fomewhat round Leaves, deeply dented about the edges, yet larger than thofe of the Wild Kind, being fomewhat hairy,
Tertian Ague, it cures it. XIV. A Decottion in Wine. It has all the Virtues
of the Liquid Juice, but not full out fo powerful ; _
but as it is lefS in power, fo it is much more plea- fant to be taken, and therefore may be given in the larger Dofe. It brings down Womens Courfes, and
eres Urine, and is good for thofé who are Bur- °
en, or are troubled with Convulfions, Cramps, or fhortnefS of Breath. It helps the Yellow Jaundice, and ftays Vomiting, and is good againft the bitings of Vipers, or other Venomous Creatures ; It pro- vokes Sweat powerfully, and therefore is fingular ood againft all malign Fevers, as Meafles, Small
but not very hoary, rather of a fad green color, of | Pox, Spotted Fever, and the Plague it felf: Dofe
a very fweet Scent, and not ftrong or heady as the other." The Flower's are gaping, and like the former, but larger, and of a purple color , which being gone, then comes the Seed, which is black, fmall, round, and fomething like unto Purflane Seed.
Vi. The Small Calamint, is another fort of the firft, and is like unto it in all thing, except the mag- _ mitude, being fomething lefs, and differing chiefly in the Flowers, which are not fo large by one half, and at denotes it to differ from the fame.
I. The Places. The fir/t grows in many Gar- dens, and in Dry and Upland Grounds, and on Heaths in many places of England. The fecond att in many places of Englifh America, it having
n found in feveral old Plantations, after they have been flung up for reft, as alfo in the Borders of feveral Woods. It has alfo been found on the Exganean Hills near Padwa, on Hills near Vicenza in Italy ; on rocky Cliffs of Sevena in Provence, as alfo in Germany : Lobel alfo found it growing in England. "The Small Sort is found for the moft part in thofe places where the firft is alfo found, or not far off fron them.
VIII. The Times. They all Flower about the lat- ter end of Fune, and in Fuly, and their Seed is ripe in fome fhort: time afterwards. |
IX. ‘The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third Degree : Aftringent, Carminative, Digeftive, Dit cuflive and Sudorifick. - It is alfo Cephalick, Neu- rotick, Stomatick, Peftoral, Cordial and Hyfterick ‘ Alexipharmick and Alterative.
X. The eprakeaion. It powerfully provokes the Terms in Women, and facilitates the Delivery of Women in Labor.
XI. The Preparations. You may make therefrom, 1. A Pouder of the Leaves. 2. A liquid Fuice. 3. A Decottion. 4. A DiftilledWater from the Herb gathered in June or Joly. 5. A simple Syrup of the Fuice. 6. ASpirituous Tin@ure. 7. An Acid Tin- dlure. 8. An Oily Tintture. 9. -A Saline Tinure. 1o. A Spirit. 11. A diftilled Oil. 12. A Balfam. 13. An Ointment, 14. A Peffery. 15. A Cata- plafm.
Tee Virtues.
XIL. The Pouder of the Leaves. Made into an Ele€tuary with Salt and Honey, it kills Worms in the Body, helps the Leprofie, and fuch as are trou- bled with fhortnefS of Breath.
XIII. The liquid Fuice. It provokes Urine and the Terms, ates fhortnefs of Breathing, and Cho- letick Torments of the Stomach and Bowels: It al- fo facilitates the Delivery of Women in Travel, and expels the Dead Child, and therefore Women with Child ought to forbear the ufe of it. Dropped in- to the Ears, it kills Worms in them, and opens Ob- ftructions of Lungs, Liver, Spleen and Womb. And the Body being firft well purged, if it is given fiom
from four to fix or eight ounces.
XV. The Diftilled Water. It has all the Virtues of the Decoétion, but much weaker, and therefore is chiefly ufed as a Vehicle to convey any of the other Preparations in. :
XVI. The Syrup of the Fuice. It is highly Pefto-
ral, and therefore a moft excellent thing to open ©
all Obftru€tions of the Lungs, and heal their Diftem- prevailing againft Colds, Coughs, Hoarfhef, héeezing, {hortnefS of Breath, difficulty of Breath- ing, hardnefS of the Spleen, and other Diftempers of the Bowels. Dofe two fpoonfuls Morning and Evening, for fome confiderable time.
XVIL The Spirituous Tindure. It is a fingular thing againft all manner of Malignity, Poifon, and Infettion whatfoever : It powerfully cutes Con- vulfions in the Bowels, Stomach, or in any other si of the Body ; it ftrengthens Nature, chears the
revives the Spirits, and is an excellent thi aint cold Sweats, Faintings, Swoonings, Fits, an all forts of Deliguiums of the Spirits or Heart, and other Bowels, proceeding from Cold, or a cold and moift Caufe. Dofe half an ounce in a Glafs of Wine, Morning fafting, and Evening, or in the time of the Paroxyiin.
XVII. The Dele Oil. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Decoftion, but much more effica- cious than either of them : being dropt ten or fif- teen drops into Sugar, and fo ‘drunk in a Glaf$ of Wine, it gives immediate relief in the Cholick , and fo given to a Woman in Labour, it prefently forces away the Child, either alive or dead ; outwardly anointed upon parts Paralytick, or affeCted with the Cramp, it prefently girs relief in the latter, and in fome few times ufing helps the former.
XIX. The Acid Tintture. It is moft admirable againft the Plague, Sported Fever, and all other forts of Malignant Fevers ; as alfo againft the Poi- fon of Serpents, as Vipers, Rattle Snakes, &c. bi- tings of Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Creatures, the Acid deftroying all forts of malignity and Poi- fon whatfoever : It may be given inwardly from half an ounce to two ounces every fix hours in fome proper Vehicle ; and outwardly bathed upon the Region of the Heart, or upon the place bitten or hurr, and Cloths dipt therein may be laid on, and this three, four, or five times a day.
XX. The Oily Tiniture. Given inwardly to two drams, it gives eafe in the Cholick feral, and opens Obftru€tions of the Reins and Womb, provo- king Urine, and forcing away Sand, Gravel, and other Tartarous Matter obftru€ting thofe parts : Anointed upon Spafims, it cures them in a (hort time : and well rubbed in, Morning and Evening tor feveral days, upon any part troubled with the Pal- fie, it reltores them, comforting the Nerves, and warming and ftrengthening the Parts afflicted : It is alfo profitable againft the Piles, proceeding from a cold caufe, ( if not broken) they being anoinred therewith two or times.
XXL. The
XXI. The Saline Tinure. It is good to wafh fuch parts as break out with any fharp or falt Hu- mor, as the Leprofie of the Greeks, Scurf, Mor- phew, Scald Heads, Dandriff, and the like: bathed upon parts troubled with the Gout or Sciatica, and continued for fome time, Morning and Evening, it gives eafe of the Pain, does much good, and in time removes the Difeafe. :
XXII. The Spirit. It is Cephalick, Neufotick, Stomatick, Cordial, and Alexipharmick : It ftops Vomiting, ftrengthens a weak Stomach, chears the |) Heart, revives the i onc and is good againft Faint- | ing and Swooning, Vapors, and Fits of the Mo- | ther, and preférves (being taken in a Morning faft- | ing ) ftom the Infettion of the Plague, or of the} Spotted, or any other Malign Fever. You may take a {poonful or two of it at a time (if Dulcified ) and that twice a day, or upon the fpot, if any Paroxyfin is prefent : It is alfo good to bathe with, if any thing like a Gangrene is feared.
Il. ‘Ihe Balfam. Being applied to a cold
Gout, it gives eafe to the Pain, and anointed up-
be the Hemorrhoids, or Piles, it heals and cures em.
XXIV. The Ointment. It is good to anoint Wo- mens Breafts, which are fwoln and painful, pro- ceeding either from Cold, or Curdled Milk, or fome external Violence.
XXV. The Fey. The green Herb made into aP with Wooll, and put up the Vagina Uteri, it provokes the Terms, eafes the pains of the Mother, refifts Vapors and Hyfterick Fits, and if it is near a time of Travel, haftens and facilitates the
XXVI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the green Herb, with Lard, Crumbs of Bread, or Pouder of Bay-berries : being applied to any part pained with the Gout, it eafes the Pains, abates the Tumor or Swelling, and difcuffes or draws forth the Humors. Tt muft be continued Morning and Evening for fome confiderable time, by which means it is faid to per- fet thofe Cures. Being applied upon places black and blew, or yellow, or otherwife difcolored, it takes away the ill color, and cleanfés the skin.
7) Ee iz
Calamint Wate wax Lerge Engl:sh
Ziif WSF Tihs i (A) () (} ( <—,) | & SW >
CHAP. Cv. CALAMINT, Wild.
I 5% HE Names. t is called in Greek, Kanctuivdn dyea: In Latin, Calamixtha agreftis : and in Englifh, Wild Calamint.
H. The Kinds. We thall treat here of three fe- veral Kinds of it: 1. Calamintha arvenfis verticil- lata, five Aquatica ee Field Calamint with whorled Coronets. 2. Calamintha altera odore Pu- legij, foliis maculofis, Calamint having the Penny- royal Smell, and with Spotted Leaves. 3. Cal - mintha minor incana, The \effer hoary Calamint.
Il. The Defcription. The firft of rhefe has a {mall Root, abiding long, and ‘not perifhing after Seed time : From which Root come forth feveral fquare 7 Stalks full of Foints ; and two fmall, and al-
round hoary Leaves fet thereat, up to the tops, Something like to Pennyroyal leaves, of a brisk, fharp, and quick Scent, yet Sweet withal, like unto Penny-|ter, but that it grows nothing near ‘fo great nor
Towards the Tops of the Stalks and Branches | high , it bas Square, bard, hoary Stalks, and hoary Stand, with the Leaves, many purplifh Howers, | Le ;
oy eee 3 bei om , aves thereon like it 5 but {potted here and there, ; eae * wh Set sage sr ted Yow Bf rgd or | of avery ftrong Scent like unto Pennyroyal. The
IV. The fecond or Spotted Calamint, differs nor much from the Common Calamint in thé former Chap:
Flowers grow in the fame manner az ihe Common Calamint
+ eae
Salmon’s
144
“Herbal.
«
Lib...
ty a s Calamint in Cap. 104. Se&t. 4: but fmaller, and of a [lus terreftris ; and in Englifh, Land Caltrops, of
urplifh color, having much like {mall blackifh ced. 4
wR aay NA = > PVN
NG yy \ =, WL y Ni 4=\" = t Z 2 j eG) 7, &
AS
Beh leffer Hoary.
CGalamint
Pr. |
V. The third, or Leffer hoary Calamint, bas a fi- brous Root like the others, and not perifhing yearly.
oa
which in this Chapter. Secondly, Water Caltrops, of which in the next.
_Land Caltr pe
> = \ SN NS Wi ¢ N . <= y) SN \\ a WU! y) i SS NN N YA i> SLATZ D>
>» / } A < 2 wy. Y By ong: NM | werent
y—
=> Sy } YS
From which {pring up fmall, low, and flender hoary \ abroad
Stalks, not above a Foot bigh, on which, at every Foint, are fet two Leaves, as in the otber Kinds, but Smaller, and more hoary, yea fmaller than the leaft Bufh Bafil. The Flowers are very fmall, but like the laft deferibed, and of a lefs heady {mell, with like Seed alfo, but fometbing leffer.
VI. The Places. The firft grows in many places of Exg/and,both in plowed Grounds,and moift Mea- dows. The fecond, Pena fays he found on certain Hills in Lombardy , and in feveral places of our own Land, but not always fpotted : I have found it in feveral places of South Carolina. The third and laft is not common with us, but only nourifhed up in Gardens : It grows in Candia, from whence the Seed came firft to Camerarins.
VII. The Times. ‘They. Flower in Fume and Fuly, and their Seed is ripe foon after.
VII. As to their Qualities, Specification, Prepa- rations, Virtues and Ufes, they are exattly the fame with thofe in the former Chapter, and therefore to thofe I refer you.
CHAP. CVL CALTROPS, Land.
I. [\HE Names. They are called in Greek Tel-
BAG, 5 Teigva@: In Latin, Tribulus : In|‘
Englifh, Calthrops. The Arabians call this Plant Hafach, and Haferk , the Spaniard, Abrolos, and the French, Saligot.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, firft of the Land, called in Greek, Tel@or@ sagniQ ; in Latin, Tribu-
Flowers of Tormentil. Thefe being ft there comes
IV. The Places. It is faid to grow. plentifully in Spain in their fields, being fometimes hurtful to Corn: It is alfo found in moft places of Italy and France : And, as Gerard fays, it grows with us im England ; he found it in_a moift Meadow adjoin- ing to the then Wood or Park of Sir Francis Carew, near Croydon, not far from London, from: whence he brought Plants of it for his Garden. Parkinfon fays it grows amongft Rubbifh, and the Ruins of Buildings, and by Walls fides.
V. The Times It Flowets in Fume and Fuly ; and the fruit or Seed is ripe in Auguft.
VI. The Qualities. It is cold in the firft Degree; and dry in the fecond. It is Aftringent and Reper- cuffive, it is Alterative and Alexipharmick.
VIL The Specification. By reafon it is of thin Parts, it is faid to wafte the Stone, Tartar, or Gra+ vel in the Reins, and adjacent.
VIII. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. 4 Decoltion.
A Ponder of the Root. 5. A Collyrium. 6. A Enta lafra of the Leaves. 7. A Lotion. 8%. The Seed. Ta ob
The Virtues. a,
‘
IX. The liquid Fuice. Being applied, it. fat the f am Enylipclis : Je Wie
Inflammation, and cures an pelas : | ders the breeding of Inflammations’ and a
f \ ay Ser -
. , ey . Ff ¥ - Engh Herbs: i Tae which rifing from the bottom of the Water, mount above the fame ; at thé top of each of which, there ins, xpelling Sand, Gravel, and | ere broad, ‘and more than half round Leaves, in fome Tartarous Humors ; and {tops all forts of Fluxes of, places Spotted on the. under Side, and dented about the Bowels. the Edges. The Footftalks on which thefe Leaves Jtand, are fmaller at the lower end next the Root, . than they are at top of the Water next to the Leaves. a Among thefe Leaves rife up fappy round Stalks, no 5 higher than the Leaves, bearing ‘whitifh Howers ab ZF the Tops. After which come thick, hard, and Woody, ¥ almolt round heads, with three or four fharp pricks a or points ticking out, of the bigne/s of Hafle Nuts, and blackifh in fome places : Some of them are as large as great anuts, having a feet white Kernel within, which is not much unlike to a Chefnut. This pint with its 2 arte or Shell, % bard, tri- angled, fharp pointed and prickl , in fhape almoft like to thofe pitt called Caltcope which War they caft in the way of the Enemy, to annoy the Feet of their Horfes, and from whence this lant took its wame. Lhe Kernel ts tafted almoft like a Che Mitts and are ufwally eaten green: An being dried, they, - oe Sround to pouder, and fo ferve to make Bread : of.
againft the poifon of the Viper, and the bitings of _ other Venomous Beafts. . |
XI. The Decoffion. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not all out {> powerful : It may ferve as a good Vehicle to convey the Pouder of the Root in.
XII. The Pouder of the Root. It ftops Fluxes of the Belly, and binds it : given to two drams, itis §00d againtt the biting of Vipers; confumes Nodes and Kernels in the Neck, or other Parts, and in a
' good meafure ftrengthens the Stomach. XIII, The Collyrium. It is made of the Juice or Effence made into a thin Syrup with Honey. This ut into the Eye three or four times a day, ftops uxions of Humors into the Part, cools and takes away the tion, and heals Sores or Ulcers therein.
XIV. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. It is good againft a hot Gout, reece the flux of Humors, hinders Apoftems, and difcufles Swellings in the Legs, or other parts of the Body.
Ba ¢ Lotion. It is made of the Decostion in Wine, in a quart of which, Honey three ounces, and Roch Allum half an ounce, is diffolved. It is
hé J
anil
near the River Stirmon, lived themfelves of the Fruit or Kernels, making them into a fweet and fine kind of Bread, which fomething bound up the Belly : And that with the Herb they fed their Horfes. But this making Bread of the Kernels is affirmed by fome, to be only meant of the Fruit of the Water Caltrop, following.
ww G9!
1S altrops
——
CHAP. CVI | , CALTROP, Water.
I. HE Names._t is called in Greek TeiGors@- indeQ@ : in Latin, Tribulus aquaticus, Tri- bulus marinus, and by Cordus, Lacuftris : in Englifh,
, Water Caltrop ; Saligot, and Water Nuts. Il. The Binds There are two forts of Water Caltrops. 1. The Greater Water Caltrops. 2. The
ad whole Plant, ater, having very mg, lender, creeping Roots, from whofe feveral arts or Foints come forth divers Tufts of {mall Fibres or Strings, which take hold of the “Mud. From this Root, at the lower Foints thereof come forth thin, flat, knotty Stalks, of a reddifh color, Leffler Water Caltrop: And of the Lefer there are three, four, or five Feet long, or longer, according 10 alfo two Ki viz. The former and the latter.| the depth of the Water in which it grows ; which b The Greater Water Caltrop , is called in Latin, | being dry, are pliant, and flexible, and fit for many Tribulus Aquaticus major : Tribulus Aguatilis, and| occafions. They are divided totards the Top, inio Coftanee aquatiles. The \effer forts are called by
G
many Parts or Branches, carrying jingle Leaves at ‘ufius, Tribulus aquaticus minor ; and ees the lower Foints, on both Sides, being about two Inches by him, the former of which he calls, Ti
bulust long, an half an Inch broad, thin, and almoft tranf- aquaticus minor prior ; and the latter, Tribulus agua- parent, or as it were fhining : fo waved, wrinkled,
ar
j or crumpled on the Edges, that they feem to be torn vail, The Delexiption. The Greater Water Cal-| and for the moft part.of areddifh peiee cate The Foot. trop has a Root which grows Somewhat long, and flatks are fomewhat long and thick, and rife up from Jub of Joints, with 2 ee Hairs or Fibres at | among thofe Leaves, which always grow two, one op-
pi cach of them. From the bea of this Root lying un- pofite againft another, in a contrary manner to thof¢
5 ed ad with
ater, rife up feveral long flender Foot alks,| which grow below on i Stalk. From the Foints a “a 4, ; pa ‘i “
146 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib, L
XII. The Diftilled Water. Vf it is drunk with 4 little Roch Allum diffolved in it, it ftops the piffing: of Blood, and is profitable againft the Diabetes.
XIV. The Lotion. It is made of the Decontiag in Water with the addition of Honey ; Gerard f 5, ig perfeftly cures Cankers of the Mouth, Throat, Al-
4th. the Leaves come forth mall. Feapfalts, bearing at. their ends, fmall, wbitifh, longrand.thick Flowers. Gerard fays; aut of thefe Stalks, at. the Tops, grows Small-Grape-like.Husks, out. of which {pring {mall reddy Flowers, like, thofe of the Oak, every, Flawer haping foun vary, {mall round: topt. Leaves : after | ie visatibogi there. comes commonly, four sharp. pointe | monds, and fore Gums, ; ; . agp ed: Grains:growing together, containing within. them| XV. The Cataplafm of the Herbs. Diofcorides fays, * ite alittle white Kernel. . Jit is good ab 4 all forts of Inflammations, or hor: V. The, latter {mall Water Caltrop, hs. a Root |Swellings. It may be profitably applied in a, hot not much unlike-to the former, but-longer, and fuller.|Gout, atter fafficient cleanfing of the Body, both of ingle Kibres. ax Strings. Erom whence. {pring-up\'with Emeticks and Catharticks. f walks, not flat, as the former, but. round kneed, rt | XVI The Nuts. Eaten raw, they. refift Poifon, always, bearing two Leaves at every, Joint, one op-\and are faid to be good againft the bitings of Ve-. ‘ : polite again? the other, greener, fhorter, and “elfen nomous Beafts.: Eaten alfo, and drinking White Beit, than the. other, Siac pointed, and not much wrinkled| Wine with them, they are faid to be good againft he on crumpled omthe Edges. Clufius fays, that they | Stone and Gravel. In like manner eaten, and alfo are not. ap all orumpled. But our Englith Herborifts | beaten, and applied to, the place, Sey 2 the Poi- never obferved any without crumples. or wrinkles. | fon of the bitings of Venomous Beal : The Flowers grow on, fhort {mall Peahalhe, of awhi-|) XVIL The Pouder of the Nuts. Gerard fy ft tifh green colo, like thofe- of Mufcatella Cordi, ca/-| is given to fuch as pifs Blood, and are troubled with led’ by Gerard, Radix cava minima vitidi flore, zo] Gravel, and that it binds the Belly. It is doubtlefs wit, two flowens at the top of every Foot{ta/k, one op-| a fingular thing agqinlt the Bloody, Flux, and other - pofite againft another, every flower containing four | Fluxes of the Bowels, if it is given from a dram, to, Jmall Leaves > which 1wo flomers-being paft, there|two drams, in a Glafs of Sherry, or Madera Wine: comes up eight {mall Husks, making fix feveral ways | Being dried, and ground to Pouder in Quantities, a ‘a fquare of flowers. ; pleafant kind of Bread may be made thereof.
I. The Places. The greater is found in feveral “Lakes and moift places in Germazy, as alfo in Bra- | bant and Flanders, and in many places of Italy near the Sea. One Fiacham aMerchane of London found CHAP. CVIIL
it in the ne ee in the a LA nigiia al it grew like a _in moft Ponds there, the Ker- nel of which, lie fays, is much eaten by: the Navies CAMOMIL oe See Purchas bis Pugrims, lib. 4. cap. 4. felt. §. pag. * 29. Cordus fays bd ag in Germany in Muddy kes and Places, and in Ditches which have Mud
in them, as alfo in Standing Waters, and fometimes GE LEO WSN Z alfo in Running Waters. And Mathiolus fays, it SZ. SN Li Ont - grows not only in Lakes of Sweet Water, but alfo cs EN IZAN é‘ in Ditches by the Sea fide near to Venice. The /e- ) YAS KS? a. cond or Feces leffer grows in ftanding Waters, or ~ WN 1 EN J ae Pools, Ditches, or Fifh Ponds: It was found in Va, hy) SOM ae Al. * Ponds aavani's XO a diffolved Abby called Durford, ine hen aI) = (KA, which divide Hampfhire and Suffex, and in other YY OAK : 28 ftanding Waters ia feveral places. The shird or @ \4Z v ay latter fmall grows plentifully in the River by Drox- e Hy NG al, $ ford in Hampfhire. VAN DZ WAY VIL. The Times. They-all' Flower in Fume and WZ I Rad Ful, and give theit Fruit or Seed in Augif. (7 ya), Il. The Qualities. They are all cold and moift Bw Wy) uA (i U} Hy) . in the firft Degree, and more Watry than the Land Ta ae AY yy . Caltrop. They are Emollient, Repercuffive, Nephri- (A) ie Woe Wy
tick, Alterative and Alexipharmick.
V IX. The Specification. They are good againft the Obftructions of the Reins, Gravel,. Tartar in the Usiaary Paflages, heat of Urine, and piffing of
r PS et | DS y ae IA WS V4 \
X. The Preparations. You may make therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. A Decottion. 3. A diftilled Water. 4. A Lotion. §. A Cataplafm. 6. The
~ Nuts. 7. A Ponder of the Nuts.
The Virtues.
XI. The liquid: Fuice. Being applied, it eures an = Eryfipelas ; and is good againft Inflammations in any f part of the Body , and cures the King’s-Evil, Run- | [, HE Names. It is called in Greek, by Diaf- ning Sores, or Ulcers, by wafhing with ir. T corides, ’AvBigus : by Theophraftus Adie’
Il, The Decoltion, If made B White Wine, or | by fome Aevyavevas (from the whitenels of the Flow- in Wine and Water, it opens the Obftruétions of the | ers: ) alfo Xayaluerey, 940d Mali odorem habet,from Reins and Ureters, expels Tarcar, Sand and Gravel, | having the fmell of Apples. It is called in hei sa, Py out of the Urinary Parts, and helps fealding of the! Chamemelum, and Chamomilla, alfo Anthems, and
Leucanthemum: Iq Emglifh, Cawomil. i ‘The “|
Water.
= SS = oe hl
Chap.108. Englifh Herbs: ‘147
ut
I. The Kinds. There are four feveral kinds here- 4 much on the ground, and yet grows higher, and more
of, viz. 1. The Common Garden kind, which is cal- led in Latin, Chamomilla hortenfis, and Chamamelum
upright : Its Leaves are of a frefber green colors and in its Flotoer the white Leaves going round the
hortenfe. 2. The Naked Fowred, called Chama-| fame are manifold, or much donbled, infomuch that
melum nudum. 3. The Double fowred, called Ché- maemelum flore pleno, and Chamemelum Anglicum lore multiplici. 4. The Roman, called Chamamelum Romanum. As for the Wild Kinds, or Cotu/a, Par- kinfon thinks them to be not fo much of the Camo- mil kind, as of the Parthenium, or Featherfew, of which fee May Weed.
Il. The Defcriptions. The Common Camomil has afmall and fibrous Root, from whence {pring many weak and feeble Branches, trailing or leaning to the ground, which take bold on the Top of the Earth as it runs, whereby it much encreafes. The Leaves are very fine, and much jagged; or deeply cut, of avery firong fweet [mell. Among which, at tops of the Branches come forth Flowers like unto the Field Dafie, having a border of oe white Leaves, with yellow thrums in the middle, crouded clofe together, as is that of the Daifie, or Featherfew, but larger, and not fo hard, but more foft and gentle in handling ; which give a fmall white Seed, not ob- Served by igs (oka being fowed, or caft into the ground, twill bring forth Plants as other Seed
oth.
IV. The Naked flowred, bas Roots, Leaves, Stalks
the yellow thrumb in thy middle is little feen, fo that it feems but a little yellowifh fpot. This Plant is of a fweeter Scent than the firft, and is more ten- der to be kept in Winter. It has alfo Seed in the middle of the Flowers, which being broken. and “aft into the Ground, will produce Double flowred Ca momil,
Camomilt
=i : FIN ’
VE. The Roman Catmomil, bas a Root fomewhat thicker than the former; but fibrous withal, from whence rife up many flender Stalks, yet fiiffer, and Stronger than any of the others, for which reafon it ftands more upright, and does not creep upon thé Earth, as the reft do. The Leaves are fine, but ra- ther fhorter, and of a more whitifh color, tending Something to the color of Woad Leaves : the Flowers are like to the firft, having a fingle border of white Leaves, and a clofe yellow Thrumb in the middle, aie which comes [mall white Seed, like that in the oe Camomil: The whole Plant has avery fweet
cent. 7
VIL. The Places. The firft grows in moft Gardens throughout England, befides it grows Wild (as Parkinfon fays ) in many places ot this. Land.: the other three kinds grow with us only in Gardens.
VIL. The Times. They Flower for the moft part through all the Summer Months, and their Seed comes to perfection in the time of flowering.
IX. The Qualities. They are all of them hot and
and Branches like to the former, and creeping upon dry in three : Aperitive, Anodyne, Digeftive, Dif the Surface of the Earth as that doth, but its Leaves | cuffive, Diuretick, Sudorifick, Alterative, and Alexi- are finer, and fhorter, and it bears naked Flowers, | pharmick.
which confift only of the middle yellow Thrum, with-| X. The Specification. The Egyptians dedicated out any pale or rder of white Leaves round about | it to the curing of Agues.: and experience has con- it, and {melling <i. a the former. The whole | firm’d it an admirable thing againft D-feafes of the Plant is of a, pleafing fmell, for which reafon fome | Pleura.
have given it the Epiubite of Odorauum, as Gerard | XI. The Preparations. There are, 1... Squid Says. Fuice. 2 An Effence.. 3. A Syrup. 4. An Infu- V. The pommle Hears bas ie Roots, Leaves, | fion. 5. A eeeitiee 6. tees ji, An Fate
alks and Branches like to the j it creeps as| Infufion. 8%. An Ointment. 9. A Balfam. 10.
ba Bs i 4 : dps Vas ; ‘Cataplafm.
©
Ss
Crown of the Head to the Soles of the Feet, and
148 — Salmon’s Herbal. bib
» Cataplafa. 11. A Diftilled Water. 12. A Spiri-| being firft Concotted. It is good againft cold Gouts, tuous Tintture. 13. An Acid Tinflure. 14. An Oily Tindlure. - 15. A Saline Tinflure. 16. A Spi- rit. 17. An Oil Djftilled. 18. Poteftates. 19. An Elixir, 20. A Fixed Sale,
ing from Cold and Moifture. 4 IX. The Ointment. It heals Wounds in a Cold, Scorbutick habit of Body, gives eafé in the Gout, and mollifies Tumors proceeding trom an afflux ot The Virtues.
XII. The liquid Juice. It is Antifcorbutick, re-
. ing Wounds than. the Ointment, and being mixed fits the Infetion of the Plague ; and being taken
with other proper things, it brings Apoftems and inwardly to four or fix ounces, two hours before} Tumors to fuppuration, and prevails larly a the coming of the Fit of an Ague, whether Quoti-| gainft the Gout, whether it proceeds fiom a hot. dian, Tertian, or Quartan, it commonly cures it at | ora cold Caufe, and it will be fo much the mote three of four Dofés ; befides which it cures an ex-| effettual, if Campbir be added to it, which contains
uifice Pleurifie, mote expecially if a little Salr of] in it a fubtil Fire, which draws forth the Effence
lood ( whether of Man or Beaft) is added to it} of the Gout through the Pores of the Skin. obien vs ee XXI. The Cataplafm. Being applied, it is ufeful
and this | haye had expetience of in my own Per- : one . fon, and fince that have cured feveral others by the} to difcufS, or diffolve Tumors, and Wind, in any part of the Body, and to eafe Pains and Aches in
fame Medicament. It provokes the Terms in Wo- men, opens the Urinary pe and gives eafe in} the Joints. Being applied to the Ribs, and Hypo- bap ce Uriny a chonders, as hot 3 it can be endured, ir eafés the
the Strangury to a Miracle. - XII. The Efjence. It has all the Virtues of the | Spleen, expels Wind, and gives immediate relief in * ie pains of the molt exegiite Plawitio's Satlie takes away Pains and Stitches in the Sides, removes fhortnefS of Breath, and caufes prefently an eafinefs of breathing. ws XXIL The Diftilled Water. Yt is good againit fainting of the Heart and Spirits, is good againft Vapors and Fits of the Mother, as alfo Pains and Diltem of the Spleen, but it is chiefly nfed as a Vehicle to convey the other Preparations of this Plant into the Body : fix ounces of it being drank with a fcruple or half a dram of Salt of Camomil diffol- ved in it, prevails wonderfully againft ftoppage of
e
een. Urin fo is helpful againft the Stranguty.
XV. The Infufion. \fit is made in White Port KRU Does eho indure. Made ftom Wine, 4: shoe Urine, opens Obftruétions of the | Flowers, or the Herb and Flowers together, it pree Urinary Parts, expels-Sand, Gravel, and Tartar, and { vails. 94 Fainting and Swooning Fits, coldnefS helps a Hisking Breath. It has the Virtues of the ‘4 the “a 7% at Hears It poral
uice and Effence, but not altogether fo ts which have of warmth , it dig ful. ™ ‘: ittia: cru ors, difcuffes Wind in the Stomach and Bowels, alleviates the Pains and Torments of the Belly, and provokes Urine gently : It induces Sweat, and Is cold Aches and Pains in what part of the Body foever.
XXIV. The Acid Tinéfure. It digefts, loofens, cafes Pain, is highly Antifebritick, Anticolick, and ftrongly Diuretick. It powerfully opens Obftruécti- ons of the Lungs, and helps fuch as have a fhortnefS of Breath, difficulty of Breathing, are Hoarfe, and Wheeze much, fo as in a manner they have loft their Voice. It Attenuates, Cleanfeés, Eiees, Opens, Expettorates tough Flegm, and is profitable for all Diféafes of the Breft, caufed by the Afflux of moift and Hegmatick Humors, whether Thin or Thick, Tough, Rotten, or Corrupted, caufing the fame to be {pit forth. You may make it pleafant and grate- ful with Syrup of Violets, or Clovegilliftowers, or a pure Tintture of Spanifh Juice of iquoriceand fo to be taken often in the Day, and that for many Days together. 7h,
XV. The Oily Tinfture. This being rubbed in after that, be laid to’ Sweat in a Bed, being fo warm) daily, Morning and Night, before a good Fire, all covered that they may Sweat well, it cures it, let} along the Back-bone, from the Head to the Anus, the Ague be what it will. This is an AReyptian| and alfo over all the affetted Limbs, ir cures a Pai- Medicine, and Galen feems to confirm it : For he| fie above moft other things in the World. fr alfo' faith, that the Sopbi of AEgypt, Confecrated this | cures Rheumatick Pains, being: well anointed’ upor Herb to the Sun, for its Virtue in curing all forts of | the parts affetted twice a De, and continued for Agues. But therein, fays Galen, they were decei-| fome time. It expels Cold; eafes Pains, difeufles cold? ved, for it cures only thofe where the Humors are |and windy Tumors, eafes the Pains of the P/eara, already digefted ; but it is very profitable ( fays he) | and pe Ss of Women in Child-bed, being’ a- for all other forts of Agues, which come either |nointed a little above the Share Bone, and twenty
ood againft Colds, Coughs, Afthma’s, and other Out ions of the ee gal alfo Stitches in the Side. Dofe' four ounces, Morning and Evening.
dy againft the Jaundice and Dropfie, as alfo the evil dipole of the Spl m2 6:
XVI. The Decottion, If made in. Wine, or part Wine part Water, and taken inwardly, it has the Virtues of the Juice and Eflence, but very: much weaker, yet it prevails powerfully againft the Cho- lick : Soh fays, it takes away all Pains and Stitches in the Sides. Tired Limbs being . bathed therewith, it takes away their WearinefS, and eafes Pains to what part of the Body foever it is a plied. It comforts the Nerves that are over-ftrained, mol- lifies Tumors, and difcuffes thofe which are not very hard ; and moderately comforts thofe parts which have need of warmth, or are chill’ by any Cold Paralytick Humor.
XVII. The Pouder. Made of the dried Herb, but chiefly of the Flowers, being given fiom half a dram, to one dram, it helps the Griping of the Guts, Wind, and Pain of the Stomach.
XVIII. The Oil by Infufion of the Flowers in Oil Olive. If the Perfon troubled with an Ague, be anointed with this Oil, before a good fire, from the
from Flegm or Melancho nwardly, - als 0 tion of the Bowels ; for thefe ( fays he ) Camomil | In all outward applications, if you add‘a little Cam- is a Sovereign Remedy to be applied, the Humors | phire to it, one ounce of Camphir to- 2
coldnefs of the Limbs, and Pains and Aches proceed- 2
umors. ; XX. The Balfam. It is more excellent for heal-
y, or from an InHamma- | drops of it given inwardly, in a Glafs of Camaty..
_— phraftus, Overs : In Latin, Anonis, and Ononks :
Chap. 109. Enghfb Herbs: 149 the Tincture, it m ful and effectual. XXVI. The Saline Tinfure. Ie may be given from half adram toa dram, in White Wine, apainft Stone, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous Matter in the Reins and Bladder , it opens Obftruétions of the Urinary parts, and of the Womb ; is good againft Vapors, and Fits ef the Mothers, and diffolves Cou agulations in the P/eura. ee uféd, it is good againft the Gout, of any other Pains proceéd- ing from a cold Caufe. PE XKVIL The Spirit. It is a fingular Cordial, Cheats the Heart, revives the Spirits; fttthgthens Nature, and makes the Body able to withftand Dif. . eafes. It is good againft Convulfions, and prevails much againft Wind, Fainting and Swooning Fits, Vapors, and Diftempers of the Womb, for which it
Il. The Kinds. There are many kinds of it ; but thofe which are only Common ‘with us, are thefe following five: 1. Ayonis Spinofa fire purpureo, Common Reft Harrow, with purplith flowers, 2. Anonis /pinofa flore albo, Ref Harrow, with whité flowers. 2. Axons Spitiofa lutea minor, Ret Hatrow, with yellow flowers; the leffer. 5. Anonis ton {pinofa flore parpureo, Reft Hartow not thorny, with purple Howes. 5. Avonis inon Spinbfe lutea major, Reft Harrow not thorny, with yellow flow-
akes it {0 much the more power-
ers the greater.
Za a we y ) “4 =A oe 2 . ee AD = LN. ey Se if r/)) 4 [ters ys
is a Specifick. It comforts the Head, Nerves, and ° Brain, and is fo great a Sromatick, that there i MN CipaS~) Nile : but few greater. fe two drams, being dulcified. ie oy
XXVIIL The Diftilled Oil. It is a famous thing for the Head, Nervés, Womb, and Joints ; and there- fore is good againft Vertigo’s, A oplexies, Epilep- fies, pain of the Stomach, Convu fions, Fits of the Mother, Palfies, Lamenef$ of the Limbs, and all forts of Rheumatick pains. In Difeafés of the Head and Nerves, as Palfies, it ought to be anointed down the Back-bone, as alfo upon the parts affefted ;_and is alfo to be given inwardly ina Glaf$ of Wine, from three drops to twelve or fixteen : drop it firft into White Sugar, which mix well, then diffolve it in the Wine, and fo let the Patient drink it up. In Vertigo’s, Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Convulfions, Sto- mach Pains, and Mother, it needs only to be givén inwardly, Morning and Evening, as diretted.
XXIX. The Poteftates or Powers. They have all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Tin&tures, Spirit and Oil, and indeed mote fubtil and penetrating, piercing like Lightning thro” the Univerfal Frame, | - and may be given Morning, Noon, and Night, in fome proper Vehicle, from one dram to two or thtee drams, according to age and ftrength. '
XXX. The Elixir. It has the Vittties of Juice, Effence, Tintture, Spirit, Oil and Powers; but much more fubtil, and ette€tual to all the ied in- tended : it is fingular in thé Curé of a Pleurifie be: yond moft other things. Dofe’ from one to two drams.
XXX. The Fixed Salt. Ie is fingularly Nephri- tick, and Antipleuretick ; cafes Pains in the’ Reins, opens Obftruétions of the Urinary parts, diffolves the Congelation of Blood in the leurd, Womb, and carries off the Seminalities of thofé Diféates by Urine. Dofe half a dram:
= Ca
4 ete: vy
‘iw NY
? CHAP. CIX. Of CAMMOCK, oO -REST HARROW.
Oo Wei E Names. It is called in GreeR by Diof-
Alfo gl Bovis,Refta Bovis, Remorum Aratri : becaufe fo deeply and ftrongly faftned
Reft Harrow, which is frequent, as well in Arable
‘Share, that it cannot fo readily go on. In lied : as Wafte Grounds, and By-lands, has a’ Root wihich
Engh i ioctl Camniock, or Reft Harrow.
#
_ IIL The Defcriptions. The firft and Common.
150 Salmon’s
- 48 blackifh on the oat fide, and whitifh within, very tough and bard to break, whilft it is frefh and green, and as hard and tough as 2 horn when it is dried, thrufting it felf down very deep into the ground, and fpreading it felf likewife far about, every little piece, though cut off from the Stock, being apt to grow again, if it be left in the ground. Krom this Root it rifes up, with divers tough woody twigs, two or three Feet bigh, fet at the Joints without order, with little roundifh Leaves, fometimes more than two or three at a place, of a dark green color, with- out thorns while they are young, but afterwards ar- med, or fui with them in feneral places, the thorns being fhort but sharp. The Flowers come Sorth at the top of the Twigs and Branches, whereof it is full, in fafbion much like to Peafe or Broom- bloffoms, but Jeffer, flatter, and fomewhat clofer, of a Saint purplifh color. They being paft away, there Succeed {mall Pods or Code containing within them Jmall, flat, and round Seed.
IV. The fe.ond Reft Harrow differs not from the former in the Root, Stalks, Branches, Thorns, nor in the Leaves, fave that thefe are of a little frefher &reen color ; but the chief difference i. in the EHow-
ers, which are very white in fome places more than | nary
in others , in ail other things they are alike.
V. The third, which is the Leffer yellow prickly Reft Harrow with ws ( for the greater grows not in England ) bas Thorns or Prickles thereon as the others: But the Plant is lower, and fmaller, not ri- Jing little above balf a foot bigh, not differing in any other great matter from the laf.
VI. The fourth, which is tbe Purplifh Reft Har- row without Prickles, has no other difference in it from the frtt or Common Cammock, but in this, that it has no Thorns or Prickles upon the Sprigs or Branches, no not in the Autumn, or declining part of the Year, when the other will be full of them. Of this fort there is one alfo which beareth white How- ers, which makes all the difference.
VIL. The fifth and laff bas a Root which is long, tough, rough, and blackifh, pireading much about : from this Root fpring forth feveral woody Twigs, very flexible and tough, branching forth on all fides, covered with a brownifh red Bark, fet pretty thick with Leaves, which are for the.moft part three ~ flanding together upon a long Footftalk, not much unlike to Trefoil, but fomewbat mall, long, and nar- row, with notches at the ends, much a pie with a ftrong Scented clamminefs, which will fiick fo fa to the Hands y thofe which touch them, efpectally in the heat of the Year, and in hot Countries, that it is dificult to get off again. At Tops of the Branches or Twigs, ftand many Peafe-bloffom-like Flowers, of a fair yellow color, which being paft away, there comes forth Small and long Cods, with a crooked point at the end of each, in which is contained fmall flat- tifh Seed: of this there is aleffer fort ; alfo another with a more reddifh.Flower. -
VIII. The Places. The firft, fecond, and fourth Brow in many places of Eng/and, both. in Arable
and, and Wafte Grounds. The third, Lobe/ faith he found growing both about London and Briftol , but Parkinfon fays, he never found it growing na- turally. - The fifth and laft 1-found: in feveral places of Florida, as in the Southern Provinces of Carolina. It alfo grows about Narbome and Monpeliere in France ; as alfo in Spain and Portugal.
IX. The Times. They all Flower about the be- ginning or middle of Fu/y, and the Seed is ripe in August. :
X. The Qualities. Galen fays, that the Root of Reft Harrow is hot in the third Degree ; it is alfo
_drying, but feems not to exceed rhe fecond Degree : Jt is Abfterfive, Aperitive, Aftringent, Diuretick,
Herbal. Lib. I.
Traumatick, or Vuluerary ; Nephritick, Archritick, and Alterative.
IX. The Specification. It is peculiar to deftroy Vifcofity or Tartar in the Reins and Urinary parts, to open their Obftruftions, and to cleanfe them.
XII. The. Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. .4 Decottion in Wine from the Bark of the Root. 2. A Decottion in Vinegar from the fame. 3. A Pouder of the faid Bark. 4. A Diflilled Wa-
ter of the Roots. 5. ASpirituous Tinflure. 6. An Acid Tinflure. 7. An bily Tindure. 8. A Saline Tindure. The Bark of the Root is that in this
Plant, which is chietly ufed.
The Virtues.
XIII. The Decottion in Wine. Take Reft Harrow Roots thin fliced, four pounds : choice Canary a gallon : mix and put it into a Stone Pot, which let be clofe ftopt, and let that Pot be put into a gentle, boiling Be/neo for twenty four hours ; fo will you have a noble and pleafant Medicine to open Obftru- Etions both of Liver and Spleen, as alfo of the Uri- _ provoke Urine, and to break and drive forth the Stone, as alfo Gravel and Sand out of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder : and alfo cures the Hemorrhoids or Piles.
XIV. The Decottion in Vinegar. Being gargled in the Mouth, it eafes the Tooth-ach, more efpe- 04 when it proceeds from Rheum, it alfo heals Cankers in Childrens Mouths, and other Running Sores, and Ulcers in the Gums, Mouth, and Throat, if they be three or four times a day gargled, and wafht therewith. .
XV. The Pouder of the Bark of the Root. Par- kinfon fays, it is good to provoke Urine when it is ftopt, and to break and drive forth the Stone effe- tually, being taken to ore or two drams in gene- rous Wine. Matthiolus fays, that he knew divers freed from thofe Difeafes, that ufed the faid Pou- der in Wine for many Days together. The faid Pouder is alfo good to help the Hernia Carnofa, Or Flefhy Rupture, which Fiethy Carnofity it con- fumes by little and little, taking it conftantly for fome Months together: and this it has done when the Phyficians and Chirurgions had given them over as defperate, or no other ways to be cured, but by Cutting, &c. being ftrewed upon the hard, callous brims or edges of Ulcers; or if the faid Pouder be mixed with. Honey, or with any proper Balfam, and applied, it confumes the hardnefs, and caufes the Ulcer to heal.
XVI. The Diftilled Water of the Roots. To eve- ry pound of the Roots fliced, put a quart of Cana- ry: digeft forty eight hours warm, then draw off the Water to drynefs in a gentle Ba/zeo. It.is good for all the purpofes aforefaid, and to cleanfe the pee of the Urine, not fuffering any Tartarous,
ifcous or Clammy matter to gather together if thofe parts, fo as to harden, or become a Stone.
XVII. The Spirituous Tindure. It is a very good Stomatick, and admirably {trengthens the Bowels, {topping Vomiting, and all forts of Fluxes thereof, as Diarhxa’s, Dyfenteria’s, Lienteria’s, and the He- patick Flux : and although it purges, and cleanfes the Urinary parts of any Preternatural Matter lodg-. _ ed in them, yet it {tops and cures pifling ot Blood, and fpeedily heals any Wound or Ulcer in thofe
parts. XVIII. The Acid Tinfure. It is more Stomatick
than the former, and an excellent Styptick ; it ftops {pitting of Blcod, and heals Ulcers of the Lungs, roper Vehicle , and by its Aperitive, i Incifive power, it breaks to pieces, or
if given ina Abtterfive, an
. liates the Pain, and in fome fhort time heals them.
_ informed by a Gentlewoman who had ufed it for
or diffolves Gritty Stones in the Reins or Bladder. | 02, and at every Joint two fuch like hoary green Dofe fixty or eighty drops, in Ale, Beer, or Wine. | Leaves, as thofe below, but fmaller, diverfly branch- __ MIX. | he Oily Tintture. This is more excellent, | ed at the Top, boving one Elower upon each feveral if there is any Wound or Ulcer in the Reins or} omg Foot/talk, conjifting of five Leaves, fomewhat Bladder ; for many of thofe parts being Nervous 5] broad and round pointed, of a perfett Red, Crimfon this Homogene and Oily Body wonderfully com-| color, ftanding out of a hard, long, round hus. is forts the Parts, gently cleanfes them of all Foreign, | and crefted im four or five places : After the How- Fartarous, Vifcous, ig or Sharp Humors, pal-| ers are fallen, there come up round bard heads, in
which is contained fmall blackifh Seed.
If there be no Wound or Ulcer, but only Obftru- tions, or a weaknefS in the Reins and Back, it ef- feftually — them, fmoothly cleanfes them, and makes the Patient PifS free and eafie, and withal fo {trengthens the Back, and eafes the Pains thereof, as if there had never been any fich Weaknef’, or} Difaffettion there, Dofe twenty drops in a Gla of Wine,
XX. The Saline Tindure. Being bathed upon any parts affetted with Pimples, Scurf, Morphew, Dandriff, or other like Preternatural Eruptions of the Skin, it cleanfes it, and takes them away. I was
a c. A\\) EVD RN BTN
fome time, that it had taken away TawninefS, Sun- burnings, and Freckles, and cleared the Skin to ad- miration. Inwardly it is given to one dram in White Wine againft Stone, Gravel, Sand, and other Obftru- Etions of the Reins. XXI. It is reported, that in former times the young Shoots, and tender Stalks, before they become rickly, were pickled up, to be eaten as a Sawce or Meat : and that they were wonderfully com- mended againft a ftinking Breath, and to take away the finell of Wine in fuch who had drunk too
much.
CHAP. Cx.
Wadi soa
Compton Gard. gle Voor teas OE
CAMPIONS, Garden.
om Whitds NV Pia ee
A T HE Names. They are called in Greek, by y
Diofcorides and Theophraftus, avyns ( trom MAS Aixv@-, Lucerna, )and Baadyvier, guaft lucerne fu- Mig: ziculum, for that in former times they ufed the Leaves of Campions in their Lamps, to burn inftead of Weiks : they alfo called it ‘Adévar@, id eft, im- mortalis, quod diutius Venuftatem fuam retinet : In Latin, Lychais, Lychnis Coronaria, Lychnis Sativa €9 Rofa Graca : In Englifh, Campions, and Rofe Campions.
. The Kinds. They ate twofold, 1. Avxme se eaveyannd, Lychnis Coronaria, Lychnis Sativa vel Hortenfis, Garden Campions, of which in this Chap- ter. 2. Lychnis Sylveftris, Wild Campions, of which in the next Chapter. The Garden Kind, are, 1. Single. 2. Double. The Single are, Lychnis coronaria rubra fimplex, The fingle red Rofe Cam- pion. 2. Lychnis coronaria alba fimplex, The fingle white Rofe Campion. 3. Lychnis coronaria albe- fcens, five incarnato maculata, & non maculata fum- plex, The blufh Rofe Campion, {potted and not 5 ae The Double, 4. Lychnis coronaria rubra
Multiplex, The Double red Rofe Campion. Ul. The Defcriptions. The Single red Rofe Cam- ion, has a Root fmall, long, and woody, with many ee annexed unto it, and oft times shoots forth anew, and fometimes alfo dies and perifhes.. On the Top of this. Root, there are divers thick, boary, or euooly, long, green Leaves, abiding greez all the Win- ter; From among which in the ee the Spring, or beginning of Summer, there Jhoots forth two or three |
>
hard, round, woolly Stalks, with fome Foints there- te : . lV. The
Garden Campions, red, frogle flowred, |
sp 7
* RL
ATT,
IX. The Qualities. The Seed, which ‘is chiefly uféd, is hot and dry in the fecond Degree. It ig ulnerary, Alterative, and Alexipharmick, X. The Specification. It is peculiar againft the | V Poifon of Scorpions. ? - The third fort of Single Campions are like] XI. The Pre arations. There ate but few Prepa- unto the former al 2, thefe other forts having no| rations of this lant ; the chief things taken from it are the Leaf, and the Seed : of which there are ufed, 1. The Green Leaf. 2.,The Poxuder of the Seed. 3. The Spirituous Tintture. 4- The Acid Tinure. v
The Virtues.
other difference to di/tinguifh them by, but the colors gf the Flowers, which are of a pale ‘or bleak whitifh / lufh color, chiefly about the brims or edges of the Leaves, or as if a very little Red was mixed with a
more White ; the one being {potted all over the Flow. er, with fall {pots and freaks, the other not having
any [pot at alj. 4 ot beaten in a Mortar into a Catapiafm, with a lit- G, : . J oA H - and Turpentine, and pa to any ed, | 0d or foul Ulcers in the or other 3 ore ons Gar 2 on bla fi en it does cleanfe and heal them. eA
BOW ais XII. The Pouder of the Seed. Galen affirms it
Say “Fr Sigel, 1S ps to be hot and dry in the fecond or third ! Aer cata) ROO And Diofcorides fays, that being drunk in Wine it | \\F Y] rs helps thofe who are ftung by a Scorpion ; and fo it
is alfo thought to be good againft the malignity of the Plague or Peftilence. Dofe one dram at a time, orning and Evening. XIV. The Spirituows Tinfure. It has the former Virtues, but more powerfil againft the Plague or Peftilence, the Spotted Fever, bitings of Serpents, Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Creatures. Dofe ; half a {poonful, or a fpoonful; in a Glafs of Wine, Morning and Evening. ge XV. The Acid Tinfure. It has the Virtues of the former, is more Stomatick, and more powerful- y refifts the Malleuuy or Poifon of the Plague,’ it eftroying that, and the Fever together. Dofe fix or eighty drops, or more, in generous Canary.
CHAP. CXL Of CAMPION S Wild.
L’ THE Names. They are called in Greek Avyvie brea XY dye : In Latin, Lychnis Syluefiris + and in Engiifh, Wild Campions. 2 md en They are eras as, “ 5 le. 2. Double. € Single are, 1. Lychnis efiris _ Vi on bs th, or Double red Rofe Cam ion, | fore albo fim lex, Wild Campioks with white is in all refpetts like unto the Single red Rofe Cam-| Flower. >. yebnis Sylvefiris flore rubro fimplex, -| Wild Campions with a red Flower. 3. Lychnis Sylueftris flore rubro minor fimplex, The lefler ted’ Campion with a red Flower. 4. Lychnis Sylveftris vel > a Vaccaria rubra dita, Corn Campion. 5+ Lychnis Marina alba & rubra, The Sea Campion white and red. 6. Lychnis arvenfis minor Anglica, The Englifh {mall Wild Campion with a white Flower. 7. Lychnis plumaria Sylvefris Simplex, Armoraria pratenfis, The feathered Wild Campion
mople.
iL The Double Wild Campions, are, 1. Lychnis - Plumaria Sylvefiris multiplex, Armoraria pratenfis y | fore pleno, The feathered Wild Campion Double. ~| 2. Lychnis agreftis multiflora, of Lobel ; Ocymoides Store pleno, of Camerarius ; Lychnis § yloefiris pur- purea multiplex, of Gerard : Hore pleno rubro, of Parkinfon, Red Batchelots Buttons. 3. Lychnis Syl- veftris multiflora, by Pena and Lobel ; Ocymaftrum, ot Tabermontanus ; Lychnis Sylveftris alba’ multi fo) by Gerard ; Flere albo pleno, by Parkinfon,
Vhite Batchelors Buttons. 4. Lychnis agreftis abor- t1vam multiplici lore viridi, Batchelors Buttons with green Flowers.
> IV. The
they are much encreafed } flippi d i the Root, becaufe they sins: no Seed Senierge., VILL. The Times. They do all of them flower in
a Wk Ae ed: lea
Something Jeneet, and each of them fland in a large,
but every ways leffer.
Chap. 111. Englifh
IV. The Deftriptions. The firft of the Single Wild SR oe hee a Root white oe Pa Dread ing forth drvers Branches in the ground, and perifh- ing after Seed time : from whence come forth many long and fomewhat brogd, dark, green Leaves, lying upon the ground, with feveral Ribs therein, not much unlike to Rib-wort Plantane, but fomewhat_ hairy, broader, but not fo long. The Stalks are biiry, and
on fs in the midft of them, three or four feet bigh,
and fometimes more, with feveral large white Foints at feveral places thereon, and two fuch like Leaves thereat upto the Top. Krom thefe hairy Stalks come forth divers Branches alfo at their various Foints, all which bear on various Footftalks white Flowers at their feveral Tops, confifting of five broad pointed Leaves, every one cut in on the end unto the mid- dle, making them to look like two apiece : they fmell
green, firiped, hairy Husk or Cafe, large and round elow next to the Footftalk. The Seed is {mall and &reyifh in the hard heads,which come up afterwards.
wea
Seer ee Cam pions Wit dS: ingle 2 Lone.
_V. The fecond Single Wild Campion, has a Root like the former, which perifbes alfo after Seed-time. This Red Campion grows after the fame manner as the former ; but its Leaves. are not fo perfettly rib- bed, are fomething fhorter, rounder, and more foft or wooly in handling. The Flowers are of the fame
orm and bignefs, in fome of a pale, in others of a
right reddifh color, cut in at the ends more finely, which makes the cut or jagged Leaves feem to be more in number than the other. The Seed is like the former, fmall and greyifh.
_ VL. The third Single Red Wild Campion, which is the leffer, bas a Root like the former, which pe- rifbes after Seed-time, as they do: This whole Plant is very like the foregoing , but fmaller and lower , yet very much branched, and replenifbed with dark- er green Leaves. The Flowers are reddifh: but Smaller, and not fo much cut or dented in at the ends. "The Husks and Seeds are Yo like the former,
iiZ£ y=
» \ 4/4
anes
WAY yes Ye VN \eiy FA
— TE
|
Finglith-Sea=Campion .
> iS . aS é ly mY 7 @ VT LI) <
CSRES ally NAS. UME ZF, SLI ENAY RVI" A!
' y \ % wn Y ¥ / Z | Wee" A =A bp
Nt AGRZ : aria) 4 Ze ff UF VIX )
VII. The fourth, or Corn Campion of: the Gar dens, bas a Root, long, white, and woody, with feve- ral Branches {pringing from it, (and is but an An- nual Plant ) from which rifes up for the moft part but one round Stalk, {preading it felf out every way into feveral Branches, having two long Leaves fet oppofite at the Foints, being broad at the bottom, and encompaffing the Stalk and Branches,, not much un- like to Through-wax, ending in a fmall point, of a pale green color. At the Tops of the feveral Branch- es, fiand divers Flowers, confifling of four Leaves a
; X pitte,
piece, of a pale red color , which being paft away, come forth Skinny Husks, containing fmall, round,
hard, black Seed. This Plant for the beauty of its oe is brought into, and nurfed up in our Gar-
ens.
VILL. The fifth, or Sea Campion White. It bas a long flender Root, which abides many Years, from whence fprings up feveral weak, flexible Branches, lying all about upon the ground, ( which Branches are much divided into many other fmaller ones ) two or three Feet long, thick fet with fmall, long, fat, and whitifh green Leaves. At the top of ever, Branch ftands one fhort, thick, whitifh green Husk, parted or cutin at top , out of which fprings forth 4 {mall long neck’d white Flower, not nich unlike » to that of the {patling Poppy, and as white, compofed of five fmall, round pointed Leaves, with fome black- ih threads in the middle : which being paffed away, there comes forth Husks like thofe of the other Wild Campions, containing within them fmall brown
Seed.
IX. The Red flower’d Sea Campion differs not from the former, neither in its Root, Stalks, Branch- es, Leaves, Flowers, Husks, nor Seed, nor yet in the manner of growing, excepting only in the color of the Flower, this being of a fine pleafant Red, where- as the former is White : fo that fome have thought it to be one and the fame Species, Nature only fport- ing it felf in the variety or color of the Flower : this Plant Herborifts call in Latin, Lychnis Marina flore tubello, Red flower’d Sea Campion. ~
X. The fixth, or Englith fmall white Field Cam- pion, bas a Root which is {mall and white, and pe- rifbes every Year ; from whence fpring forth Leaves; which are {mall and hairy, not much unlike to the Small Moufe Ear : and from among which Springs forth a flender {mall Stalk, fometimes but one, which
Salmon’s Herbal.
Lib. L
XIII. The fecond, or Red Batchelors Buttons has
is fingle of it felf , and fometimes many, not exceed-|a thick large Root, white and long, with many Bran-
ing a Foot high. At every Foint two together, fmaller than thofe below, andgpotted with white {pots ; from the bofom whereof, wiz. between them and the Stalk, come forth two other Leaves, much fmaller than they, without any fenfible Tafte. The Flowers are {mall and white, like unto the other Wild Campions. After «which come jfmall, long Heads, with fmall greyifh Seed in them.
aves are fet|\ ches and Fibres fpringing
thes it; from. whence come up many rough broad Leaves, fomewhat woolly and hoary ; among which rife up long foft and hairy Stalks, branched into many two or three Feet - high, or more, fet with the like Leaves, but lefs: The Leaves grow at the Foints, two oppofite one to another, up to the top , and from thefe Foints other Branches {pring forth, at top of every one of which
XI. The feventh, or Single Feathered Wild Cam-| Flowers grow compatted of a multitude of Leaves, pion has a Root very fibrous, or full of fmallftrings,\and of a red color. Thefe Flowers are very double, from whence fprings forth a Stalk ; as alfo Leaves,| compofed of a great many red Leaves, very thickly
Somewhat like the ordinary
White ‘Wild Campion, | packt or crouded together, and commonly fet ina
but not ff large, or rather mfembling the Leaves of | hort or broken Husk, whereby the Flowers feem to Sweet /
illiams, but that t nor fa many tagethber. The Stalks Wave ‘fmaller Leaves at the Forts, than thofe below, and branched at the Top, on which feveral Tops grow many pale, but bright red Flowers, jagged or cut in on the edges, like the Feathered Pink, i which thing fake, fome have taken it to be a kind, and fome for a kind of Wild William ; but notwithfiand all this, it is but a Wild Campion, as may eafily be obferved from fe- veral other parts of the Plant. It has a Husk which bears the Flower, like the Campions, and alfo round £reyifh Seed.
Double Wild Campions.
XII. The firft of thefe (ia our Account ) is the Double Feathered Wild Campion, which in its Roots, Stalks, Branches, Leaves, Flowers, Husks, and Seed, is like unto the Single Feathered Wild Cam ion ; excepting only in two things, 1. That the Flowers are very Double. 2. That the whole Plant in its magnitude and manner of growing is fmaller and Lower.
y grow not fo clofe,| ftand on one fide ; but are not jagged, or cut in on
the tops, as the Flowers of other Campions are, but altogether fmooth. It is like in all its parts to the, fir ft Single Wild Campion as to its manner of grow- ing, excepting that .it is every ways lefs, and its - Flowers are Red, and vey Double. .
XIV. The third, or White Batchelors Buttons; As the Leaves of the former Red Buttons were dike unto the Leaves of the fecond Single Kind, with Red Flowers ; fo the Leaves of this are like unto the Leaves of the firft Single White Knid, ond the whole Plant differs nothing from it, but in the Doublenefs — of the Flowers ; nor very little from the Red Bat chelors Buttons, but in the color of the fame, thefe
being wholly White ; and fo very Double, that the siubtaplici of Leaves being’ crouded pe they break the Husk in which the Flowers ftand,
as the other does, f° that there is not one Flower ia a great many which is whole. Gerard fays, Thatt fimilitude which thefe Flowers ( both of Red White ) have to the jagged Cloth Buttons, formerly worn in this Kingdom, gave occafion to our Ladies, . and other Florifts of thofe times, to give them she names which now they bear. SW XV. The
TSI .
idee alle iabens
et ae ge ot ae — ee om
Chap.112. . Englib Herbs. 155
XV. The fourth, or Green Batchelors Buttons, have no difference from the two former in the Roots, Stalks, Branches, Leaves nor Seed, faving only in the Flowers, which in this are of a Greeniyfh color ; and fometimes through the midjt of them they fend up Stalks, bearing alfo Tufts of the like Double Flowers.
XVI. The Places. Of thefe, the three firft Single forts grow for the moft part in our Countrey Fields, by Hedge and Ditch fides in many parts of Eng- /and. The fourth grows in many Corn Fields in
phrahti, Armerius flos Quartus Dodonei, Ben rubrum Monfpelienfium : In’ Englifh, Carch-flie, and Lime~ wort : alfo by Gerard, Wild Williams.
Il. The Kinds. Parkinfon will have this Plant to be of the Kinds of IV2/d Lychais, or Wild Campion ; but Gerard fays, they are of the Stock of Wi/d Pinks and.Gilliflowers, and fo calls them alfo with the other names Wild Williams. Thofe which we fhall handle in this Work are fuch as are ufual in England, viz. 1. Mufcipula Lobel, Lychnis Syl
veflris prima Clufiij, five Ben-rubrum Monfpeliens -
Germany, but with us is nourifht up in Gardevis. tng The French Catch-tlie. 2. Lyshnis Sy/vefiris
The fifth, or White and Red Sea Campions grow by
latifolia Clufij, Mufcipula Cretica Auricule Urfc-
Hurft Caftle near the Ifle of Wight, and in the faid | facie, Catch-flie of Candia. 3. Mufcipula five Vif-
Ifle in many places by the Sea fide : They grow alfo by the Sea fide in Lancafhire at a place called Ly- tham, five Miles from Wigan, in whicli place grows that with Red Flowers alfo. Fobnfonm found it alfo growing in great plenty in the Marfh Grounds in Thanet, which lye dire€tly oppofite to the Town of Sandwich :_ The Red has been found about a Mile from Southampton, and both of them chief-
. hes the Southern parts of Eg/and, on the moitft t
ony Banks by the Sea fide. The fixth grows in feveral grounds by eRe and in a Field called the Mi//-fie/d,behind the Houfe of Sir Thomas Lucy’s near Colchefter.’ The feventh is only nourifhed up in Gardens. : :
XVII. Of the Double Wild Campions, the firft
* grows hete only in Gardens.. The fecond and
third grow Wild in feveral places, but with us are chiefly nurfed up in Gardens, for the beauty of wee Flowers fake. The fourth alfo grows in Gar- ens. XVIII. The Times. They all Flower in the Sum- mer Months of Fume, Fuly and Auguft, fome earlier than others, fome later, and their Seed is ripe foon
ter. XIX. The Qualities. They are all of them hot
- and dry in the feeond Degree : Aftringent and Al-
terative ;.and mich of the nature of the Garden Kinds. XX. The Specification. They have been found
_good to ftop the Fluxions of Blood and Humors.
XXI. The Preparations. The fame Preparations may be made of them which we have {faid to be made of the Garden Kinds in the former Chap- ter.
The Virtues.
XXII. Authors have faid little of their Virtues, nor have we much to fay of them by Experience ; the general ufe is for the beauty of the Garden, the Flowers being very beautiful in their Seafons. Par-
caria Lobelij, Vifcago Camerarij, Lychnis Sylvefiris tertia Clufij, Gerard’s firlt Catch-flie, or Lime-wort. 4. Mufcrpula anguflifolha, Lychnis Sylveftris guarta Clufij, Narrow-leav’'d, or German Catch-flie.
Ill. The Deferiptions. The firft hag a finall Roots
kinfon fays, that being Drying and Aftringent, the | fomewhat Fibrous, which perifhes after it has given feveral Preparations of them miay be profitably ap- | Seed, and afterwards rifes again of its own Seed, plied to ftay the Fluxes of Blood and Humors in | if it is fiffered to fhed it felf. If it fheds it {it it any part, and thereby alfo conduce to the healing | /prings up in the latter end of the Year for tbe mo|
of old and moift Running Sores and Ulcers. »
XXIII. Gerard fays, the Seed of Wild Campions being given to two drams ( in pouder ) and fo drunk, that it purges Choler by Stool, and is good for them that are Bitten or Stung by any. Venomous Creature.
B= Oo RYA-P. . CXIL Of CATCH-FLIE.
, HH E Names. It is called in Greek by Tha- eee
fart, or elfe in the Spring, with five or fix fmall eaves, very like unto the Leaves of Pinks, and of the fame Willow, or whitifh green color, but a lntle broader and fhorter. When it begins to fhoot up for Flower, it bears fmaller Leaves on the Clammy or Vifcous Stalks, which Vifcofity is firong enough to | hold any {mall thing or fire which lights on tt. These
aes are broad at bottom, compaffing the Stalks {
and Branches, being fet two at a Foint, one againjt another. The tops of the Stalks are diverfly brancl- ed into feveral parts, every Branch having divers Small red Flowers, not notched, but fmooth, franding out of fmall, long, round, fiript Husks, which after the Flowers are paft, contain fmall, greyifh Seed.
aj its, "WEoxainacy : by othets Avxves dyes yar | This Parkinfon accounts of the Species of Campipns, Latin, Lychnis Silveftris Vico a, ae: being a pretty thing to furnifh and deck out a our beo-' den.
as capiunt ) Vifearia, Silene
X 2 1V. Ge-
155 Salmons
et did
WV. Gerard will have it to be a kind of Sweet Williams, and fays, it has many broad Leaves like : the Sweet Williams, but shorter, fet upon a fliff
and brittle Stalk, from the bofom of which Leaves Apring forth fmaller Branebes, clothed with the like
eaves, but much lefs: the Klowers grow at top of
the Stalks, many together, Tuft fatbion,, of a bright red color. The whole Plant is poffeffed of aVifcouf- nefs, or Clammynefs, like the otier Kinds, but in a lefs proportion.
i? \y/ Yi ii Wy, Mi
eM
@ , | *
AY
iZ Ny
or \ Wy <a / W Of IF VIS
(Catch Y ;
V. The fecond has a Root fmall and fibrous, from whence come forth many Leaves dying upon the ground, which are thick, fat, and hoary, white, fome- what like to the Leaves of the yellow ‘Auriculi Usfi, Bears Ears, ov French Cowllips, fmoorh on the edges, and a little pointed, which do fo abide the firft Tear of the {pringing : the Stalk rifes up the next Year io the height of three or four Feet, with two Leaves at each Joint, and fpreading on both fides into Branches from the ground, which. are Vifcous, Glu- tinous and Clammy, caufing every light or fmall thing 10 cleave thereto, as Elies, Pifmires, Down, Straws, &e. at the tops whereof, and at the Foints next below them come forth many Elowers together, flanding in Claflers, but ‘very fiiall, whofe fmall Husks contain every one of them a fmall greenifh yellow Flower, parted in two at the broad end: the Seed is fmall and blackifh in the Husks, and gene- rally Sows it felf.
VI., The third, which is Gerard’s firft, and by bim called Vifcaria or Lime-wort, and which he will have to be of the Stock and Kindred of Wild Gilliflowers, ( notwithflanding Clafius bas joined it with the Wild Campions, and Lobel among the Sweet Wil- liams ) bas a Root which is large, with many Fibres, jrom whence fpring many Leaves like thofe of the Crow-Hower, or Wild Sweet William, among which rife up many reddifh Stalks, with Knees or Foints at certain Spaces, fet with Leaves by oan one
Red towers. They being paft, there comes in place Small blackifh Seed. The whole Plant, as well Leaves and Stalks as Flowers, are in moft places overfpread with a very thick and vifcous or clammy matter, like to Bird-lime, which if you touch or take on your Fingers, the vifcoufnefs is fuch, that your Fingers will ftick and cleave together, as if you had touched Bird-lime. If Flies alfo do light upon it, they will be fo intangled therewith, that they cannot
againft another, at the Top of which come forth fine |-
Herbal. Lab L
Hie away, fo that in fome bot Days you may fee many Flies caught thereby, from whence came the names, Catch-flie or Lime-wort.
VI. The fourth, or Nartow-leav’d. Catch-fie, has a Root thick and black, with many Fibres, put- ting up new Shoots and Stalks after the firft bor, and not dying every Year, as the two laft defcribed : From this comes forth one Stath a foot, or mare, bigh, of a green, purplifh color : But Parkinfon fays, that the Root fends forth divers long and narrow dark green Leaves, lying upon the ground, pointed at the ends, fomewhat rough or rugged,and not fully fmooth,, as many of the other forts are, and from among thefe Leaves, there [brings up one Stalk, and fometimes two or three, brown of color, and two or three feet high, having .two fmall Leaves fe at their Fonts, but much feparate one yee another, and which will be clammy like the other in the bot Summer time : From the middle to the top of the Stalk grow little Branches, which upon pretty long alks bear Flowers, every Stalk one Flower by it felf, confifti of five little round Leaves, yet divided in the ont dle at the tops. Thefe Flowers are of a lively deep’ . red color, almoft ike the Single Red Rofe'Campion,, - but with a paler red Circle at bottom, fet in greew Husks., fmaller at bottom and larger at head, in which ( after the Flowers are paft ) there grows {mall Seed, and of abrownifh color.
VIII. The Places. Thefe Plants, fays Gerard, grow wild in the Weft of England, among Com: But they are alfo nurfed up in Gardens, merely for plea- fure fake, more than for any Virtues they are hither- to known to poflefs, i. oa :
_ IX. The Times. They flourith and flower inthe Summer Months ; and they laft not until near the erg Seafon ; and their Seed ripens in the meam . while.
X. As to their Qualities, Specification, Prepara- tions and Virtues, they may be referr’d, fays Parkin-
on, to thofe of the other Wi/d.Campions, where-
unto they are likeft in face, and: outward. a: ance. But Gerard fays, the Virtues of thefe Wild Williams are to be referred to the Wi/d Pinks and Gilliflowers.
CHAP. CXIL of CATS-TAIL.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Tygon: In Latin, Typha, and by fome Ceftrum Morio- nis, as Dodoneus faith 5 by fome Typha aquatica, or Pa/ufiris, to put a difference between it, and that kind of Typha which is among Cora, called Typhe Cerealis : and in Englifh itis called Cats-tagl, from its foft downinefS, and Reed Mace. Il. The Kinds. Authors fay it is a mean between’ } the Ru/hes and the Reeds ; and is threefold; 1. Ty Carsetatlh =
pha maxima, Th : nf ¢ im 2. Typha minor. c er Cats-tail. 3. Typha win The leaft Cats-tail.
Ill. The Deftriptions. The jfirft of thefe has a Root which is white, fomewbat a knobby, jointed, fpreading much in the Water, full of many long kibres, and fweet in Tafte, if it is chewed, of
good ufe to burn, where thereis of it: From ns this Root fhoots forth feveral very long, foft and narrow Leaves, pointed at the Ends, in a manner
tree fquare, becaufe the middle on the back fide ts reat, and flicks much out. Among which Leaves rife up divers fmooth, round, and taper Stalks, fluf=
om Ny
¢ “a? am” t
fF a>
fed with a white Pith, and not hollow, near a Man’s height, with Foints and Leaves on them, from the lower part upwards a good way, but bare and naked from, thence to the top, where they have finals long, and round heads, fhewing forth at firft fome yel- lowifh klowers, which being paft, the Torch-head or Spike grows greater, and confifts whclly of a Downy fusflance, of a blackifh brown, and fometimes of a reddifh brown color on the outfide, and whitifh with- in, fomewhat folid or weighty, which yet is in time blown away with the Wind.
V. The third differs not from the fecond, but ia being fmaller than it, in both Leaf and Stalk, which are more bard and rough , and 1 the bead or top, which in fome places bears.a fmalier {pike above, the lower being greater, with a fmall diftance. between them, and a {mall Leaf at bottom of it.
VI. The Places. They grow in Pools and ftanding Waters, and fometimes in running Streams, as allo in the middle of watry Ditches ar Ponds, and “3 their Banks and Sides in‘many places of this
ingdom. Gerard fays, he found the fmaller fort growing in Ditches. and Marfhy Grounds in che Ifle of Shepey, going from Sheriand-Houfe to Fever+ ham. \ have alfo found them growing in many places in the Fezs, and in Moift and Standing Wa-: ters in Fenny Grounds in CambridgeShire, and the Ifle of Ely. And in the South part of Carolina, at the head of Stozo River, in the Marfhes néar the New Cut leading into Wad-teadmalow River, which are overflowed with every Tide, | have found them growing Lees
VU. The Times. They flower in Fume and Ja/y, and their Heads, Torches or Maces, are ripe in Ax- guft ; but the Down hardly flies away till the end of Auguft, or Month of September,
VILL. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the firft Degree - Aftringent, and very Styptick, Al4 terative, and Analeptick.
IX. The Specification, The Down isa Specifick to ftop the bleeding of External Wounds. —
X. The Preparations. You may have, 1. The Down. 2. A Pouder of it. 3. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
XI. The Down it felf. Applied dry to bleeding Wounds, it prefently ftops their bleeding ; applied to running ulcerated Kibed Heels, it quickly cures them: fo alfo ufed to moift Sores, and running Ulcers, it drys almoft to a Miracle, incarnates and heals. In the Few Covntries it is fometimes ufed to make Beds’ of, for poor People to lye on. And | mixed with Butter, as a Bair for Rats and Mice, it kills them by choaking them.
XII. The Pouder of the Down. Matthiolus fays, it is good to help the burftennef$ or Ruptires ot Children, wherein the Inteftines fall down into the Cods. This others conteft againft, as being danger- ous to be taken inwardly, as being rather - fit to {trangle than help them, becaufe it choaks Kats and Mice. But-this latter opinion | think to be an Er- ror, for as it is ufed to choak and kill Kats and Mice, it is ufed Whole, and not in tlie- Ponder, whereas, if it is reduced to a very fubtil Pouder, as Matthiolus orders it, it can no ways te able to et- fect any fuch thing This Pouder may be given, fays Gerard, mixed with Pouder of Betony, Roots of Gladiol, and Leaves of Horfetongue. This is to be mixed with the Yolk of an Egg, and fo eaten ; it is (fays he ) a moft perfect Remedy againft Ruptures in Children, and muft be Adminiftred every Day faft« ing, fer thirty Days together, one dram at a time: it not only helps Children and Striplings, but grown Men alfo, if in time of their Cure they ufe conve- nient Ligatures or Truffings, and fit proper Empla- {ters upon the grieved place, according to Att; this be. For my part I have had no Experience Hereof; and therefore can fay but little to it, having, I con- fefS, not much Faith in the Prefcription, yer think it not of fuch a dangerous confequence, as fome would have it; nor have I any great opinion: of any Internals, given for this kind of Rupture, for that thofe Medicaments pafling through the Ivte- flines, can never come attually to the part where the Wound is,and fo can do little in order to the Cure.
RU The
AV. The. fecond differs nothing from the former, banca iber it grows not fo bigh, nor great, the being alo lefs than them of the formen.
Lay
el 6 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I.
XIU. The Caraplafm. Made into a Cataplafin | 7s tobolly red quite throughout : From this Root rife with Hogs Lard, it is faid to heal Burnings and} ”@ny winged Leaves, much cut-and divided into ma- Scaidings with re _ | ay otber Leaves, and thofe cut again, and divided
XIV. The Leaves are ufually kept to make a|/”to many parts, of a deep green color like the for-
Ane fort of : behikee fes, | mer; fome whereof in Autumn will turn to be of a are emrenten tenants Ottict BES peepe™ fine Red or Purple, ( the beauty of which makes fe-
veral Perfons many times to gather the Leaves, to flick them in. their Hats, or Heads, or Befoms, ‘or pin them on their Sleeves inflead of Feathers ) from among which Leaves rifes up a Stalk, bearing mai Leaves likewife upon it, but not fo bigh as the Parfnip, being about a. yard bigh, bearing many Tufts or Umbles of white Flowers, which turn into Jmall rough Seed, feeming as if it were hairy, and ‘Jmelling gratefully enough, if rubbed between the — Fingers. In a word, the whole Plant differs ve litle from the former, except in the rednefs of she Root.
V. Now bere is to be noted, 1.°That the Yellow Carrot is of two forts, viz. The long and the fhort. One of the long forts is of a pale yellow, and this ~ has the greateft and longeft Root, and likewife the greateft head of Green : this for the moft part is the worft fort of Carrot, not being fo fweet and firm as the other.. The other long Ah is of a deep Gold yellow color, having a finaller head of Green Leaves upon it, and this is always the beft and {weeteft. Parkinfon fays, that yellow Carrots, by fometimes fowing themfelves, do oftentimes make their Roots become White. The short Roots are al- fo divided into pale and deep yellow, or Golden color. 2. That the red Carrots, befides thofe which are red quite throughout, there is another, whofe Root is red without for a pretty way inwards, but the middle is yellow. nS
VI. The Places. They are only Sown in Gardens, or other manured Fields, chofen and fitted out for that purpofe, and delight to grow in a Sandy and light ground, that their Roots may the more eafily pierce deep downwards, which ina ftiff clay ground they cannot fo well do.
VII. The Times. .They are to be fown in March and April, the firft year they only ftrike down their Root ; and the year following they bring forth their’ Flower and Seed. In Carolina I faw a Carrot above four years old, which brought forth its ripe Seed in the jifth year : The reafon thereof J conceive to be, becaufe the Mafter of the Houfe cut off every year its green Tops, that it might not Seed, whereby - the Root grew very great, as alfo the green head the fifth year, which was four or five times as bi as any ordinary Carrot head : This head he let ftand tor Seed, and it produced him an incredible quan-- tity thereof, very fair, and nearly twice as large ap ordinary Carrot Seéd.
IX. “The Qualities. The Seed is hot and dry in
CHAP. CXIV. Of CARROT S, Garden.
= HE Names. It is called in Greek, ErovaivG, 6 saguaii® tuee@ ¢ In Latin, Staphylinus, Staphylinus Hortenfis, and Paftinaca tenuifolia Hortenfis : In Englifh, Carrot, and Garden Car- vel.
Il. The Kinds. Carrots are either Garden or Wild. The Garden,-are, 1. Paftinaca tenufolta fa- tiva lutea, Yellow Garden Carrots. 2. Paftinaca tenuifolia altera fativa atro-rubens, Red Garden Carrots.
III. The Defcription. The Yellow Carrot bas a large long Root, great or thick, and yellow, big above, and fmall pointed below, without any Kangs or Twines, of a hg ip fweet Tafte, and therefore generally fpent for Food. From this Root /pring forth feveral long Leaves, and well {pread, made up of many thin, cut, deep, green Leaves, divided into many parts: among which rifes up a round Stalk, a yard, or more, high, bearing large Tufts of Umbles of white Flowers, which croud clofe together, and Jpread not much, but turn into finall whitifh rough hairy Seed, flicking one to another.
\V. The Red Carrot bas a Root round and long, thick above and fmall below, running to a point as tbe ether, and differs from it only in the color, which
« «nwt rep
| rere ers Ss
Carminative, Stomatick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and
the firft Degree, Aperitive,, Difcuffive, Diuretick, —
Alterative : The Roots are Sweet, Flatulent, Ang- leptick, and Spermatogenetick.
IX. As to their Specification, Preparations and Virtues, they are the fame with thofe of the Wild - Carrot, treated of in the next Chapter, to which we ~ refer you; but with this note, that thefe Garden Kinds are nothing near fo ftrong and powerful as thofe of the Wild Kinds, the Seeds of both being chieHy ufed in Medicine : As for the Roots, the- Garden Kind a thoufand fold exceed the Wild for Food, not only for the pleafure of Eating them, las alfo for their Analeptick or Nourifhing fa- culty. ae
a
4 Tage
Chap. 115. Englifh Herbs. Bs. 159
| ae in length, —— into feveral eye = ae they again into other fmaller parts, very rou
CHAP. CXV. i Al alfo, and of a oslienierend color, rie be-
| tween which Leaves and Stalks at the Foints, come Of CARROT S, Wild. | forth other creed Stalks, and the like Leaves at their Foints, but leffer, which do very much refem- ble our Garden Carrot Leaves, but that they are larger and fh, if one does handle them hard, but rough on the back and edge, being gently touched. From every one almoft of thefe Foints, both of the Stalk and Branches, arifes a certain long husk, con- Sifting of fix fmall long Leaves, clofe fet together, which when it opens, fhews forth a fmall Tuft, or rg Umble of white Flowers, and rip bea yellow- fh, and a little fweet , after which follows a round- ih Seed, two always joined together, and very prick- ly on the back fide, the inner fide being flat, and more yellow than Carrot Seed, otherwife much like to it. d ;
V. The Places. The firft Lone plentifully in England by the field fides, and .in untilled places, almoft every-where ; the other grows in like places in Germany, but with us is fometimes nurfed up in Gardens, where it grows very well.
VI. The Times. ag flourifh and flower in Fune and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe in Auguft.
VU. The Qualities. The Seed and Root are hot and dry in the fecond Degree : Aperitive, Abfter- five, Difcuffive, Carminative, Diuretick, Sudorifick,
ick, Stomatick, Nephritick, and Hyfterick’s 2 paige Algsipharnsick > and Spermategene-
\ ci
VII. The Specification. Both Seed and Root are '| Lithontripticks, and ae againft the bitings of | Venomous Beafts, Wind, and rifing of the Mo-
| ther.
IX. The Preparations. From Seed and Root, fingly, you may have, 1. A Powder. 2. A Decotti- on. 3. A Spiwituous Tintture. 4. An Acid Tin- | dure. 5. An Oily Tinfure. 6. A Saline Tintiure. 7. A Spirit. 8. A Fixed Salt.
The Virtues.
X. The Pouder of the Root or Seed. Yt expets | Wind, and eafes Stitches in the fide, provokes Urine and the Terms, and helps to break and expel the | Stone. Dofe one dram in-White Wine.
XI. The Decottion of Root or Seed. If it is made in White Port Wine, it has all the Virtues of the Pouder, and is peculiarly good againft the Dropfie, and fuch whofe Bellies are fwoln with Wind. Dofe fix or eight ounces, Morning, Noon and Night, ir induces the Terms, provokes Luft, and facilitates the Delivery of Women in Labour.
XII. The Spirituous Tinéure. Xt has the Virtues of both Pouder and Deco€tion, but is a fingular thing againft the Cholick, and good to help Con- ception. Dofe one fpoonful, Morning and Night, in a Glafs of generous Wine.
XII. The Acid Tinfure. Vt is good againft Stone and Gravel in both Reins and Bladder, and is very powerful to refift Vapors and Hyfterick Fits, as alio to cure the bitings and ftingings of Venom- ous Creatures: and Djofcorides faith, it is fo power- ful, that if it is taken beforehand, their bitings fhall not hurt. Dofe forty or fixty drops in Wine.
XIV. The Oily Tintture. \t opens Obftru€tions of the Reins and Urinary Parts, eafes Pains, and cures weakneffes of the Back and Loins, provokes Urine, and the Courfes. Dofe twenty drops.
XV. The Saline Tinfure. Outwardly bathed withal, it draws forth the Poifon and Malignity of Venomous Creatures, takes away Scurf, Morphew, and Sun-burnings, as alfo other deformities < ae
I. HE Names. It iscalled in Greek =apuxiv@-
dye@-: In Latin, Paftinaca tenuifolia Syl- veftris, by Matthiolus, and others; Pajftinaca Er- ratica, by Fuchfius, Cordws, and Tabermontanus: Staphylinus Syloefiris, by Tragus and Cefalpinus : Daucus ee by ae in libro de Alimentis, (and yet truly itis no Daucus: ) Daucus Vulgaris & Officinarum, by Lobel and Clufius : and in Eng- &lifh, Wild Carrot, and Birds-neft.
AL. The Kinds. We thall only deferibe two Kinds, viz. 1. Paftinaca tenuifolia Sylvefiris Anglica, The Englifb Wild Carrot. 2.*Paftinaca tennifolia Syl- ona Germanica, The German Wild Carrot.
Il. The Defecriptions. The firft of thefe bas a Root, fmall, long, and hard, and therefore unfit for’ meat, being fomewbat fharp and firong : from this Root rife up Leaves, in a manner altogether like the Garden kinds, but that abey are fomewhat whiter and rougher, or more bairy, and fo are the Stalks likewife, which bear large fpiked tufts of white Flowers, with a deep purple es in the middle, fas being hollow and low, the outward Stalks rifing bigh- er, all which are fo crouded or contratted together, as makes the whole Umble fhew, when the Seed is ripe, like unto a Birds Neft, for which reafon it bas been called by fome Birds Neft, not much unirke to the Flowers of the Gingidium verum.
IV. The Wild Carrot bas a white Root, which as often a Foot dong, fometimes Jingle, and fome- times divided into two or three parts, not much un- like in Tafle and Smell to Parfley Roots, but hotter in the Mouth for a long time. trom this Root rifes up a Stalk half a yard high, as thick as ones little Finger at the bottom, being fomething round, but| plainly crefted or cornered, very dairy, and full of joints, at which come forth large crefted Branches of winged Leaves, encompaffing the Stalk at bottom, a
ee Ore) cn c ~-
_ Ning Sores or
160 Salmon’s
Herbal. Lib. 1
Skin : and being taken inwardly to one dram, it provokes Urine, and — againft the Dropfie.
XVI. The Spirit. It comforts the Head, Stomach, Heart and Womb, refifts Poifon, and the Plague, expels Wind, and gives eafe in “Pains and Stitches of the Side. Dofe one fpoonful.
XVII. The fixed Salt. Fr proeskies Urine power- fully, and expels Sand, Gravel, and other Tartarous matter ftom the Reins, Ureters and Bladder : it ‘powerfully Sa and cleanfes, and given from a
cruple to half a dram, or more, in a fpoonful of Juice of Limons, it ftops Vomiting, and admirably
' Ttrengthens the Stomach. XV
IN: The green Leaves. Diofcorides and Ga-
Jen both fay, that the Leaves being applied with
Honey (I ef in form of a Cataplaim ) to run- Icers, do cleanfe them.
CHAP. ‘CXVI. Of CARROTS of Candy.
A. qi HE Names. \t is called in Greek, Aaidx@:
In Arabick, Dauco, and Giezar : In Latin
alfo Daucus, Daucum, and Daucium, and Daucus
p Asst : In Englifh, Daucus, and Dauke, and Candy rors. : .
Il. The Kinds. Parkinfon makes fixteen kinds of
Daucus’s, many of which are nothing to our pur-
pofe : Thofe which we are chiefly to treat of in this Chapter, are the Candy or Cretick Kinds, which Diofcorides makes to be three, viz. 1. Daucus Cre- ticus verus Diofcorid’, The true Daucus of Candy. 2. Daucus Selinoides, The Parfley Leav’d Daucus. 3. Daucus Coriandri foltis, Daucus tertius Diofcori- dis Bello, Coriander Leav’d Daucus, or Be//us his third Daucus of Diofcorides. 4. To thefe we think good to add a fecond kind of the Daucus Selinoides,
it anew every Year. Krom this Root rife up feveral Stalks of Winged Leaves, as finely cut as Fennel, but fhorter, fet at diftances one againft another, of a whitifh or hoary color, fmelling a little fweet. From among which rife up divers flender Branches or Stalks a Foot high, bearing at their Tops mall Um- bles of white Flowers, and after them {mall boary grayifh Seed, fomewhat long and round, and of a Sharp or quick Smell and Tafte.
IV. The Second Daucus has a Root fomewhat great, thick, long and white, with a bufh of bairs at the Head, as many other Umbeliferous Plants have, and of a hot and fharp tafte, as the Seed alfo is ; from whence rife up large Stalks of fomewhat broad pale green Leaves, bigger than Parfley, and with pind fions of the fame fafhion and manner, next the ground: And alfo large Stalks almoft two feet high, with the like Leaves at the Foints, but fhorter , and at the tops {pokie rundles of white Flowers, which turn into long crefted Seed, bigger than ordinary Fennel Seed, and of a yellow brown color.
V. The third Daucus of Diofcorides, according to Honorius Bellus ba account, bas a Root great, thick and fhort, perifhing yearly. The whole Plant is Aromatical, ‘and both Root and Leaf are eaten by the Cretians as a common Sallet Herb. From this Root Spring feveral Stalks of fine cut Leaves, not much unlike to the Leaves of Coriander, but leffer and thick- er. The Stalks are near two Feet bigh, with great and fwollen Foints, ( and therefore called by fome Sefeli nodofom, Azotted Hartwort, but by Bauhinus, Daucus Criticus nodofus Umbella lutea) .and_fmal- ler Leaves at them; at the oo whereof grow yel- low Umbles of Flowers ( but wbite with xs in Eng- land ) which being paft away, there comes much Seed, larger than that of Fennel.
VI. The fourth Daucus, which ss the large or largeft kind of the Parfley Leav'd, bas a Root fome- times as large as ones Arm, or being young, of the bigne/s of ones Thumb, parted into feveral Branches at the bottom,.and covered with a rugged black Bark, of a Vifcous tafte at the firft; but Jharp afterwards,
which is Daxcus Selinoides maxima, The preateft | /o as to caufe fpitting, having at the top many bairy
Parfley Leav’d Daucus.
Il. The Defcriptions. Fhe True Daucus has a Root fmall, long, and white ( leffer fays Gerard, than the Root of a Parfnip, which #s of a fragrant fmell, and almoft as quick and fharp in Tafie_as the Seed, but will not abide our Winters bere in England, with all the skill we can ufe, fo that we are fore'd to fow
Heads, from whence come feveral very large, and great Winged. Leaves, much divided. and dented about the edges, muchwhat like the laft, but bigger, and of a pale or faint green color, a little fhining on the upper fide, and of a greyifh afh-color underneath. Among thefe Leaves rifes.up, a large, great, crefled Stalk, of a Fingers thickne/s, with fome Foints, and Leaves at the Foints, and with Branches alfo be- tween them: at the tops whereof fiand {mall Umbles of whitifh Flowers, and fomewhat like Seed to the fe- cond kind, but larger.
VIi. The Places. Candia is the Natural place of their Growth, but with us in Ezg/and they are only nourifhed up in Gardens. The firft has been found upon feveral Mountains. of Germany ,; and upon the Hills and Rocks of Fura near Geneva, from whence it has been tranfported into feveral of our more Northern Regions.
VILL The Times. They flower in Fune and Fuly, fome earlier, fome later, and their Seed is ripe in Auguft ; fome of it ripening in the time of flower-
ing IX. The Qualities. The Seed and Roots are hot and dry in the third Degree; the Herb fiarcely ex- ceeds the fecond Degree of heat, and theretore is lefs powerful. They are Aperitive, Attrattive, D- geftive, Carminative, Diuretick, Cephalick, Stoma- tick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, Lithontriptick, Altera- tive, Alexipharmick and Spermatogenetick. : X. The Specification. fa: is chietly dedicated to the ses , Stone, and ftoppage of Urine. XI. The Preparations. You may make hee 1.
AE mel
aS Fs FZ
SRST RT RESEHE
-— se rE S
a -
~
mm —
Apne som
Lughfo Herbs. 1. A liquid Fuice of the Herb and Root. 2. An 3. A Pouder of the Seed.|Strangury this is the moft powerful Preparation,
161
XXI. The Oily Tintfure. |n an exremity of the
Effence of the fame. 4. Aa Infufion of the Seed. 5. A Decottion of Seed | being given to thirty drops, or more, in a Glafs o or Root, or both. 6. A Cataplafm of the Herb and | White Port Wine: It is powerful to difcufs Gri-
Root. 7. A Diftilled Water. 8. A Spirituous Tin- ure. 9. An Acid Tintture. 10. An Oily Tia- Gure. 11. ASatine Tinfure. 12. A Spirit. 13. A diftilled Oil. 14. Poteftates or Powers. 15. An Elixir. 16. A Salt,
The Virtues.
XII. The liquid Fuice of the Herb and Root. It helps the Strangury, eyairsre Urine, and the Terms, and expels both Birth and After-birth, and is good for thofe who have been bitten by the Pha/angium, or any other Venomous Beaft. fe four {poon- fuls in Wine.
XIII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the eg Juice, and is ftronger, finer, and a much more noble Medicine: It prevails againft Vapors and Hy- fterick Fits, as alfo the malignity of the Plague, or Peftilence: Dofé one or two ounces in generous Wine, Morning and Night, or three or four times a Day, as the neceflity or extremity may require.
. The Pouder of the Seed. This ( according to Authors ) has Se Mes, heat in it, that it becomes a principal Medicine to help the Stran-
ury, to eafe the pain, and remove all ftoppages of
ine. Jt provokes the Terms, facilitates the De- livery, and brings away the Dead Child, and After- birth, and helps Vapors and Hyfterick Fits. Dofe one dram, to one dram and half; ina Glafs of White Port Wine, Morning and Night, and in time of a weer ¢
XV. The. Infufion of the Seed in Wine. It has all the Virtues of the Pouder, but I fear not full
out fo effectual, Dofe half a Pint, Morning, Noon, ‘ and Night.
XVI. The Decottion of Seed, or Root, or both. It ought to be made in White Port Wine, and fo gi- ven to drink, two, three or four times a day, half a Pint at atime: It has the Virtues both of the Ef- fence, and Pouder of the Seed ,; and a moft famous thing againft the Plague, the Patient being put to Bed, well covered, and fo made to Sweat upon
it. XVII. The Cataplafm: The Herb, but more efpe- cially the Roots made into a Cataplafm, by beating in a Mortar, and fo mixed with Hogs Lard, and applied, does eafe, difcufs, or affwage Tumors or Swellings in any part. Made into a Mixture or Cataplafm with yO and applied to the Throat, it eafes an Inveterate Cough. XVII The Diftilled Water. It prevails againft Stone, Gravel, Sand, Strangury, and all ftoppages G6 line. litt Is weaks ta telpstd 0) the. Juice Ef ‘fence, and other more noble Preparations of the Plant, and therefore is only ufed as a Vehicle to con- vey other Preparations of the fame in.
XIX. The Spirituous Tinure. It is an excellent thing againft the Plague or Peftilence, and againft all other malign Fevers, as Purples, Spotted Fever, Meafles, Small Pox, and Fevers derived fiom the bitings of Serpents, as Vipers, Rattle Snakes, and others of like kind: It provokes Sweat gently; and defends the Heart after an admirable manner. Dofe two, three, or four drams in the Diftilled Water, or rather in- Wine, or fome other fit Vehicle.
XX. The Acid Tinéfure. It has all the Virtues of the Spirituous Tinfture, and if the Fever is very
igh or intenfe, is much the better Medicament;
ping Pains, and Torments of the Bowels, to facili- tate the Birth, and bring away. the Dead Child: Ie eafes Convulfions, and heals Wounds in the Body or Bowels.
XXII. The Saline Tinfure. It cleanfes the Reins and Urinary Paffages, being taken to one dram, or more, in White ine ; but heals not like the Oily Tinéture. It digefts humors, and proyokes Urine; and the Termsin Women. _.
_ XXII. The Diftilled eds, 55 Seed. Ithas all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence,Pouder of the Seed, De- coétion, Spiritudus, my and Oily Tinétures : and therefore may be given from eight drops to fixteen, being firft dropt into Sugar, and then mixed with
the Diftilled Water, or fome other fit Vehicle ; It helps the Strangury upon the {pot, cleanfes the Reins of all Tartarous Matters, and all other the Urinary Parts, provokes the Terms, refifts Vapors, and Hyfterick Fis, edfes the Cholick, produces the Birth, expels watry Humors in Dropfies, and refifts the Poifon of Mad Dogs, or any other Venomous Creature ; and cures intolerable Pains of the Sto- mach proceeding from Cold, WeaknefS, and other like difaffe&tions.
XXIV. The Poteftates or Powers. They have all
the Virtues of the Oil, and_are alfo more fubtil and penetrating, and more pleafant to be taken, being more eafily. mixed with Wine, ot any other potable Liquor. Dofe from two to four drams. XV. The Elixir. This is yet more excellent and noble than the Powers, being the Tincture of the Seed or Root extracted by the fublimity of the Poteftates ; by which you have all the noble parts of the Plant concentrated in oné Medicament : and fo has all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Poudet, Tinétures, Oil, and Poteftates, in the higheft exal- tation. Dofe one dram to two drams in a Glafs of Wine, Morning and hay 4
XXVI. The fixed Salt. It is fttongly Diuretick, ftrengthens the Stomach, being given in the Acid Tinéture, mixed with the Diftilled Water, or fome other fit Vebiculum.. Being taken for fome time in White Port Wine, it deftroys all Preternatural Acids, in what part of the Body foever, and dif folves the Stone, if it is of a gritty, friable, or brit- tle fubftance. The Dofe is from a fcruple to half a dram, or two fcruples, Morning and Evening.
CHAP. CXVIL Of CARAWAY.
lL’ HE Names. It is called in Avabick, Karvia; Karavia, and Carvi: In Greek, téeQ@-: In Latin, Carum, alfo Carui, as the Apothecaries call it : Simon Sethi calls it Carnabadion : It took its name from the Countrey of Caria, from whence it came: Some call it Carevm, fome Carvum, as in the Shops : and in Exgli/h, Caraway. Il. The Kinds. We fhall here enumerate but two Kinds, 1. Carum Vulgare, our Ordinary of Common Caraway. 2. Carum pratenfe, Meadow
Caraway. ; ; IIL The Défcriptions. The firft has a Root whis
hi befides the Acid, deftroys the Malignity much more | ti/h, /mal/, and long, fomewhat like unto a Parfnep, but with a more wrinkled Bark, and much lefs, ba-
owerfully. Dofé to one dram, or more, in the Di- illed Water. ;
!
Parfnep,
ving a little hot, and quick tafte, fronger than d ¥
162 Parfuep, and abiding after Seed time. Gerard fays, the Root # like that of Parfley, white, and in tafte like unto aCarrot, and ( fays he ) may be fodden, and
_ eaten as the Parfnep or Carrot is. From this Root
Spring up divers Stalks of fine cut Leaves, lying
on the Ground, fomewhat like to the Leaves of Car-
rots, but not bufbing out fo thick, of a little quick tafte.in them. From among which rifes up a ae
Stalk, not fo high as the Carrot, at whofe Foints are
Set the like Leaves, but fmaller, and finer cut ; and
at the tops there are Jaot open Tufts, or Umbles
of white Flowers, which turn into fmall blackifh rown Seed, fmaller than the Annifced, and of a quicker and hotter Tafte.
IV. The fecond has a Root fmall and flender, of a Smell not much unlike to Daucus, but of a hot and Sharp Tafte, yet not fo bot and fharp as the Seed; from this Root grows Leaves lke the former, but larger , and from among thofe Leaves, come forth Stalks greater and higher than the Common Kind. The fpokie Umbles of white Flowers are in like man- ner larger, and the Seed like unto Cummin Seed, but much bigger. “6
V. The Places. Caraways grow naturally in Ca- ria, as Diofcorideg faith, whence came the name : now they are found to grow almoft every where in Germany, as Tragus vs in many places in the Fields, and by the Way fides ; as alfo in Meado and in the fat and fruitful Fields of Bohemia, likewife in low grounds, which are now and then over run with Water ; but with us they are ufual- Taare in Gardens, where they profper admi- rably. aa
vi. The Times. They Flower and Seed from May, and continue fo till the end of Augz/?.
VII. The Qualities. Caraways Seeds ate hot and dry, as Galen fays, almoft in the third Degree. They are Aperitive, Carminative, Digeftive, Difcuf- five, Diuretick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Nephritick, Alterative, and Alexipharmick.
VIL. The Specification. They powerfully expel Wind, and eafe Pains of the Cholick,
Salmons Herbal. ~ Lib. I
IX. The Preparations. You may have, 1. The Root. 2. The Herb. 3. The Seed. 4. A Fuice of Herb and Root. 5. An Effence of the fame. 6. A Decoftton of the Seed. 7. A Pouder of the Seed, 8. A rn ag of the Herb, 9. A Diftilled Water of the whole Plant.. 10. A Spirituous Tintlure. 11. dn Acid Tinfure. 12. An Oily. Tinflure. 13. ASpirit. 14. A Diflilled Oil. 15. Poteftates, or Powers. 16. An Elixir.
The Virtues.
X. The Root. Parkinfon fays, that it is better Food than that of the Parfnep, and is pleafant, - comfortable to the Stomach, helping Dige-
ion.
XI. The Herb. Being dried, and made into Pou- der, and ftrewed upon moift and running Sores and Ulcers, it drys them up, and in fhort time after heals them ; it alfo heals Kibes in Childrens
Feet. :
XII. The Seed. It is ufed whole in Bread, Cakes,
Apple Pyes and Pafties, to give a relifh to them,
to add a ftomatick and warming Quality, in room of Spice ; alfo to be made into Comfits to correét the Wind imthe Stomach. Being bruifed, fryed, and laid hot in a Bag, or double Cloth, to the lower ers of the Belly, it difperfés the Wind, and eafes the pains of the Cholick.
XIII. The Fuice of the Herb and Root. It is pre- valent againft Wind, and all cold Difeafes of the Head, Nerves, Stomach, Bowels, Womb and Joints: gives eafe in the Cholick, and griping of the Guts ; repreffes Vapors, and Hyfterick Fits, and provokes Urine. Dofe two ounces in Wine.
XIV. The Effence. It has tle Virtues of the Juice, but mere efficacious in opening Obftru€tions of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, and expelling Tartarous matter from thofe parts. It prevails a- gainft the Cholick, and all Diftempers of the Bowels proceeding from cold and moifture.
XV. Decottion of the Seed. Yt has the Vir- tues of the Juice and Effence, and is very good for fuch as have the yellow Jaundice, and Virgins troubled with the Green-ficknefS, and fuch as are daily afflifted with Wind in the Stomach and Bowels. It ought to be made in Wine, and may be —_ to half a pint at a time fweetned with White
u
VI. The Pouder of the Seed. Taken to one dram, daily Morning and Night, mixed with fine Loaf Sugar, it has been found to fharpen the fight, to expel Wind, and help a bloody Flux, and other fluxes of the Bowels, though they have been of a long ftanding. And by the conftant ufe thereof; a periodical Cholick has been often cured.
XVIL. The Cataplafm. Made of the Pouder of the Seed with White Bread and Sherry Wine, it dif- cuffes flatulent Tumors or Swellings, eafes pains in any part proceeding from Cold, comforts and firengthens weak Limbs, and takes away the black and blew fpots of Blows, Bruifes, and the like. The fame laid as hot on as can be endured to the lower parts of the Belly, gives eafe in the Cho-
lick.
XVII. The Diftilled Water of the whole Plant. It is only ufed as a Vehicle to convey Stomatick and Carminative Medicaments in, down into the
Body.
XIX. The Spirituous Tindure. It is good againft Lethargies, Carus, Vertigo, Apoplexy, Palfie, Faint- ing, and illnef$ of the Stomach, ficknefS at Heart, fwooning Fits, Convulfions, coldnefs and weaknefs of the Nerves, and all thofe other Difeafes for which the Effence is proper. The Dofe is half a fpoonful
in
état late ~~ iit , igi ,
yeerer
RTs A tate? tiled ilies ia iat
i? 25) <
al
Chap. oa
Lnghfb Herbs.”
Se
in a Glafs of Wine, Morning, Noon and Night, in all cold and moift Conftitutions.
XX. The Acid Tinfure. It admirably helps Di- geltion, ‘creates a good Stomach, repielies Vapors, and is good againft Fits of the Mother. Dofe thiity or forty ‘drops in any Liquor the Patient drinks, or in a GlafS of Wine two or three times a day. *
XXII. The Oily Tinffure. It is Diuretick, edfes pains of the Back and Reins, being taken inwardly to twenty or thirty drops in any proper Vehicle: outwardly bathed upon the part, it gives eafe in Pains of the Gout, proceeding trom a cold Canfe; and is eminently good againft Cramps in any part, Convulfions, and the Palfie, if it be well anointed
- on the Paralitick part before a good fire, and‘rubbed
in for an hour together, and fo continued daily for twelve, fifteen, or twenty days, till the Patient finds he comes to the ‘feeling’ ftrength, and ufé of his Limbs, €c. act Nah i Melt iC
XXII. The Spirit drawn from the Seed. It revives the Spirits, chears the Heart, comforts Nature, .re- ae Melancholly, warms and ftrengthens'a cold
tomach, and is good againft Fainting and Swoon- ing Fits. Dofe half an ounce, or more, at a time, being dulcified, upon occafion. .
XXIL. The Diftilled Oil from the Seed. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence; Deco€tion, Pouder, Tin@ures and Spirit, but’ much more powerful to all the faid purpofes and’ intentions. Dofe from eight to fixteen drops, dtopt into Sugar, and then
iffolved in any proper Vehicle the Patient likes beft, and is alfo agreeable to the Medicament in re- fifting the Difeafe.
XXIV. The Powers. by have all the Virtues of the Oil, but much more fubtil and penetrating, and more pleafant and eafie to be taken by delicate and weak Stomachs. Dofe two or three drams in a Glaf$ of generous Wine, Morning and Night.
XXV. The Elixir. It provokes Urine, ( having all the Virtues of the Spirit, Tin&ture, Oil and Powers exalted) and breaks the Stone, if it is foft and gritty, expelling Gravel, Sand and ‘Tartatous Matter from all the Urinary Veffels. It opens Obftructions of the Liver and Spleen, clearifes the Blood ftom cor-
rupted Humors, and is commended againtt the C2- | chexia, or evil difpofition of the whole Body, ari-} ~ fing from acold, moift, and watry habit of thefame;| °°’
and therefore, in the going off of a Drop/fie, when the Bowels are much weakned, and the Tone of them extreamly hurt, it fo comforts and ftrengthens
them, as to make the Body to withftand the return] ©
of the Difeafe, into which if the Patient fhould Re- lapfe, it is generally fatal. The Dofe is half a fpoonful in Sherry, Canary, or Madera Wine.
CHAP. CXVIIL CEN T OR Y the Greater.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kivrevexcr mua: In Latin, Centaurium magnum : ot Theophraftws Keyravex : and in Englifh, Centory the Greater, or Greater Centory. _ IL, The i There are four Kings of this Centory, 1. Cenfaurium majus vulgare, Centaurium ¢ : Common Great Centory. 2. Centau- ‘ium majus alterum, The other Great Centory, or le leav’d Centory. 3. Centaurium majus Ame- , or Canadanum, Centaurium foliis Cynare, rium Pyreneum, The American Centory, with Leaves. 4. Ceataurium majus luteum,
‘
y
~ TS The Déicriptions. “the prjt of thefe basa, Root which grows to be more than two fect tong, and @ large-as a reafonable great Parfnep-reot, blackifh on ibé outfide, and fometing of a reddifh yeliow whth- in, abiding ‘many years, and fending forth. frefh. Leaves every Spring, thofe dying for the’ moft part which were green all the Summer 5 which Leaves® are many, large, long, and foft, deeply cut in on the edges, of a palegreen color on the upper fide, and whitifh underneath, without any thing of the great bitternefs which is in the leffer Centory, which x ne Species of this Plant. The Stalk % long and round; and three or four feet high, divided at the top into many Branches, on. which fiand large, round, fcalp green beads, fhboting forth at their tops, many Jmall ‘Ebreads or Thrums, of a pale blewifh Afb-color.- In which; after théyare fallen, do grow, large, whitifh,. Jmvoth; fining Seeds, not much unlike Thifile Seeds, ‘but ‘larger, and lying amongft a great deal of Downy Matter,
IV. The fecond Great Centory has a Root growing to be as great or greater than the former, and black on the out fide, but yellowifh within, yielding a yel: lowifh red Fuice, which is alittle bitter, but more Aromatical than the former. ¥rom the.beud of this Root comes forth many. Leaves lying almoft upon thé ground, which are long, and as large almoft as ihe former, but without any jaggedne/s or divifion at all in them, yet deeply dented about the edges, and of a deep green color. The Stalk is round and great, but rifes not up fo high as the other does, nor di- vides it felf at the top, into fo many Branches, bit bearing only two or three heads on a Stalk, which are fealy, in the fame manner, and in it fuch like Thrums or Thready Howers, of a pale whitifh color, tobich being paft, there comes fuch like Seed in the heads, lying in a Hocky or Downy Subflance, and every one bearded in the fame manner, but a litle blacker.
V. The third, which 7 the American, or Floridian Great Centory, bas @ Root great and black on thé out fide, but longer than the firft, and of the bigne/s of ones Wrift. It bas larger Leaves than the firft, and more jagged, or cut in deeply on the Edges,
; ae war Soiivn
4 | ; ;
164 : : Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. L
mach, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Reins and Womb - It is Alterative, Alexipharmick, and Hemo ock.
X. The Specification. Xt is a noble V ound Herb ; Pliny and Thera fet it down among the num- ber of Panacea’s, li-heals, or Wound Herbs, this Great Centory, (as alfo the Lefer, of which in the next Chapter.) Pliny, ib. 25. cap. 4. reciting the words of Theophraftus, fays, that they were found out by Chiron the Cemtawre, and that from thence they were called Centawria: and in cap. 6. he Tepeats and affirms again the fame thing, and there. upon, he faith, they were both named Chironia, though in truth they, viz. the Greater and Smaller, are no Kin one to another, not being Species of the fame Genus, and fo have no relation but only in name. It is reported, that Chiro was cured here- with of a Wound in hisFoot, which was made with an Arrow, which fell upon it, when he was enter- taining Hercules in his Houfe, upon which it was called Chironium : or elfe from the curing of the Wounds of his Soldiers, for the which Intention it is moft excellent.
XI. The Preparations. The Roots and Herb are both uféd, but the Root chiefly : and from them
which grow upon the Stalk, as well as fome of rhe| you may prepare, 1. A Liguid Juice. 2. An Effence, others felon cis very hry divided into many pes 3. Az laff 4. 4 Decottion. 5. A Poa . making every winged leaf to confift of fourteen or|6. A Baljam. 7. An Ointment. 8. A Cataplafm. Sixteen Leaves, the Sreat rib in the middle between| 9. A Spir. wtuous Tintture. 10. An Acid Tintture: them being whitifh, each for the moft part fet againft| 11. An Oily Tinéure : all made fiom the Root. another, with an odd one at the ad The Vir
é Virtues.
them being narrow and long, without ees on XII. The liquid Fuice. Being taken to two or three
the edges, and of a whitifh green color. The Stalks are manifold, round and firong, a little Siraked down ¢ 1
ve ounces, or More, Morning and Evening, opens Ob- €tions of the Liver and Spleen, and prevails a-
pick Magan vy 4 being eT into aot other
Branches, which bear fcaly Heads greater than a
gg Sealy _ a gainft the Dropfie and Yellow Jaundi ops {pit- ting of Bl and is prevalent pier Ruptures,
Cramps, and Pleurifies, and for thofe who have an
old and continued Cough, or are fhort Winded, and
can ose Pr their Breath.
XII. Effence. Xt has all the former Virtues, but more powerful to every Intention ; befides which, this Preparation is profitable againft Agues, eafes the Cholick, and all forts of Griping Pains, both of Belly and Womb. It is alfo a fingular Trau- Matick, for it heals all inward Wounds and Exco- tiations of the Bowels, and outwardly a plied to
ounds, running Sores and Ulcers, it di clean- fes, drys, and Difpofes the fame to a peedy heal- ing. Dofe two or three ounces in a GlafS of gene- rous Wine.
XIV. The Infufion. It is a weak thing compared with the former Preparation ; yet being aaa in Wine, it opens Obftruétions of the Vifcera, and is good againit the Jaundice, a of the Pleura, or Stitches in theSide. Dofe f ing and Evening. -
RV. The Decoffion. It is fomething more power- ful than the Infufion, and is good for the fame Dif= eafes which that and the Effence are good againft. Sweetned with Honey, or Sugar Cand > it is good againft Wheefings, HoarfhefS, Obftruétions of the Lungs, fhortnefS of Breath, and an inveterate Cough. It is good againft the Strangury, or iffing by drops : and ufed asa Lotion, it cleanies Wo f Sores, and running Ulcers ; and as a Gargarifin, it cleanfes and heals Cankers and Ulcers in the Gums, Mouth
Somewhat refembling an Artichoak Leaf in the divi- Jious, whence the name Foliis Cynaris, green above, and gray, or as it were hoary underneath. The Stalk 7ifes about ayard bigh, cornered and hoary, having Several fmaller Leaves, and lefs jagged, fet there- upon, and parted at the top into fome Branches, each “bearing a few fmall Leaves,under the Heads, which are much greater, and more fcaly, with fharp pricks at their ends, like a little Wild Artichoak Head. The tuft of Threads, which are the Kowers, are more purple, than in the firft ; and the Seeds are white, wrapped up in Down in like manner. ve The fourth, or Yellow Great Centory, has a Root which grows in time to be greater than any of the former, having many Heads which Shoot forth new Leaves in the Spring, the old Leaves going away or dying upon the ground every Year, which is wrinkled, and black on the out fide, and yellowifh within, full of a vifcous or flimy moifture, ‘and Striking deep in- to the ground, with fome greater” Branc es, and a Sew fmall fibres. The new Leaves which this Root fends forth are both larger and longer Jrom the Root than the others, Veg? of the loweft having fewer divifions in them, than fome others of them ave ; but thofe
the others, and larger *yttend thrums in the mid-
€, of adelicate pale, but lively yellow color, which continue in their glory and gr ge @ long time, without decaying ; but t yield any Seed here with us in Eng ecaufe that the fcaly Heads are fo full of moifture ( as is Suppofed ) which hinders the Seed to grow ripe therein 3 for if they are but a little prefed between the Fingers, there will iffue out on all fides fmall clear drops of Water, almoft of a Honey like Sweetnefs, and that not only at Noon-time of the Day, as Bauhin is pleafed to Say, but alfo at all other times of the Day, and not Sor one only time anid no more, but often times, and every Day, as long as the Flowers are Srefh, and not yet withered : but when it perfetls its Seed, it is not much unlike to the Seed of the fecond kind, but a little leffer, blacker, and more Shining.
VI. The Places. The firft delights ina fat and fruitful Soil, and in Sunny Banks, full of Graf$ and Herbs. The firft and fecond grow upon the Alps, and Mount Baldus : Diofcorides faith, they grow plentifully in Lycia, Peloponnefus, Arcadia, &c. The third grows upon the Pyrenean Hills, and upon ftony Hills near Lisbon in Portugal, near the River Tagus : It has alfo been found to grow in America, upon the Floridian Continent, near Canada, New England, Virginia, and parts adjacent to them. The fourth not far ftom Lisbon, near the Tagus, and al- fo on Mount Ba/dws, as Pena faith : With us, they are only nourifhed up in Gardens, where they thrive and flourifh very well.
VIII. The Times. They all Flower about the end of Fume, and in Fuly, and the Roots may’ be gathered in Autumn. The American feldom F ow- ers with us, becaufe of the coldnef$ of our Climate, nor does it live, unlef§ with much care.
IX. The Qualities. \t is hot and dry in the third | fi Degree. It is Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Di- geltive, Difcuffive, Incarnative, Anodyn, and Trau- matick, or Vulnerary. It is dedicated to the Sto-
our or fix ounces Morn-
XVI. The Pouder. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence and Deco€tion, being taken one dram, or dram and half at a time, Morning and Evening,
in
a
mints,
ne ee ° = Chap. 119: Lzghfb Herbs. 165 from its Quality ; Fe/ Terre, trom its exceflive bit- ternefs. Dvofcorides fays, it was called Limnefion ; and Pliny, Libadion, becaufe it loves to grow in moift places. It is thought to be that Plant which Theopbraftus called Leptophyltum : In Englifh, Cen- tory the Leffer, and Lefer Centory.
II. The Kinds. It is no Species of the Greater Centory, nor claims any the leaft Kindred with ir, having no Relation in any kind, but only. in the name, and therefore,is Genus or General it felf. It is fix fold, as growing with us, viz. 1. Centaurium minus vulgare flore rubente, The Common Red Small Centory. 2. Ceatauriam minus flore albo, White flowered Centory. 3. Centaurium minus lu- teum, Small yellow Centory. 4. Centaurium minus luteum perfileatag ponte iB Branched through- leav’d Small yellow Centory. 5. Centaurium minus luteum non ramofum, Small yellow Centory, not Branched. 6. Centaurium minimum luteum, The
very finall, or fmalleft yellow Céntory.
In Wine : befides which, being ftrewed upon moitft, running Sores, it cleanfes, dries, and heals them.
XVIL. The Baljam. It heals Wounds at once or twice drefling : if they be contufed, it digefts them, cleanfés and heals. Applied to foul, corrupt- ed, rotten Sores, and old Ulcers, it digefts them, cleanfes, dries, and heals almoft to a Miracle. Ap- plied to the Gout, it draws the humor out through wees of the skin, and fo cures it.
VIII. Ibe Ormtment. It is vulnerary, drying, and healing, good againft burnings, fcaldings, and fluxes of {harp Humors, which it repreffes by vir- tue of its Aftringency, the Sore, Ulcer or Wound, being firft wafht with the Juice or Effence: then the Pouder cf the Root being ftrewed upon it, and afterwards pledgets being dipt in the Ointment, and laid over all, with a De Minio Emplafter upon that to hold it on: by this means defperate old and run- ning Sores and Ulcers have been fuddenly and ef- fectually cured.
XIX. The Cataplafm. It is an excellent Anodyn and Difcuffive, prevalent againft Hatulent Tumors : If it is made up into a Peflary with the Pouder of] the Root, and put up the Womb, it provokes the Terms in Women, and educeth the Dead Child and
After-birth. XX. The re Tinfure. It is good againft Convulfions, Lethargies, Palfies, Cramps, Pains and Aches in the Limbs, as alfo in the Stomach and Belly, Colick, and all Difeafes of thofe parts pro- ceeding from Wind : Let it be taken inwardly three times a day, from two drams to four in any proper Vehicle : and outwardly, let it be bathed upon the part affe€ted Morning and Evening, till health is recovered, ; . XI. The Acid Tinfure. It is good againft Ma- lignity, and the Poifon of Peftilential Fevers ; is ood againft the bitings or ftingings of Venomous tures ; opens Obitru€tions of the Lungs, helps againft Coughs, Colds, fhortnefs of Breath, Wheez- ing, Hoarfnef$, &c. being taken in all that the Pa- tient drinks, whether Ale, Beer, or Wine, fo many drops at a time as may make the Liquor pleafingly
arp.
XXIL The Oily Tinéfure. It opens Obftru€&ions of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, is prevalent a- sainft the Strangury, pains and weaknefS in the Back being taken from ten to twenty or thirty drops in White Port Wine twice a Day, viz. Morning and Night; and withal being bathed well in, upon the Spina Dorff, or Back Bone.
Ill. The whole Plant, as well Herb as Root, is available in all forts of Wounds, Sores and Ulcers, to digeft, cleanfe, dry, conglutinate, and heal them , and therefore are principal ingredients, and fhould be in all vulnerary Ointments, Balfams, Drinks, Lo- tions, and Inje€tions, according to fome of the afore- going prefcribed Preparations, refpect being had to the parts affli€ted, and the way and Method of Ap- plication or Exhibition, whether Inward or Out- ward, ~
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firlt of rhefe, which 7s our Common fmall Centory, has a Root fmall and hard, perifbing every year, from wbence Springs up for the moft of but one round and crefted Stalk, about a foot high, or fomething more, branching out at the top into many Sprigs or Branches, and fomée alfo from the Joints of the Stalks below. The Leaves are fmall, and «a little roundifh, very like unto St. John’s Wort, but without any holes in them, as that has. The Flowers ftand at the tops, as it were in @ Tuft or Umble, and are of a pale red color, tending to a Carnation. They confift of five, and fometimes of fix, fmall Leaves, very like unto thofe of Hype- ricon, penne themfelves in the Day time, and clo- fing at Night, after which come Seed in little fhort Husks, and in form lke unto Wheat Corns. The whole Plant is of an exceeding bitter Tafte.
IV. The fecond, with the White Flower, differs nothing from the other, as to the form, neither in Root, Stalk, Leaves, Height, Flowers or Seed, faving only in the color of the Flowers, which 7 White, as the other is Red and the bitter tafte is the fame in
its full Latitude. V. The
CHAP. CXIx. Of CENT ORY the Lefer.
LL‘ HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Kan- tarion Sages, and Canturion Sege, or Segir : In Greek, Kevrdvesy 73 ‘y: In Latin, Centaurium
inus, parvum : ome, Centaurea, febrifuga,
nei eae ae =
a ay }
p
}*
166 Salmons Herbal. Lib I. 7
like unto the former Centories, but fomewhat greater.
ce From this Root comes forth a Stalk, which fometimes Be aN Spreads it felf forth into many, long Branches, from , He N < every one of the Foints ; and fometimes it {preads
it felf only at top: At the Foints fland two fome- a tobat rot and pe ointed Lantk encom, Ja: ‘ae the Stalk about the bottom, and making it ‘fea a i 1 if it run through them, that they will hold the Raim, a . or any Water which falls upon them : The Flowers 1% ‘| which ftand at the tops of the fmall Branches are a aa little larger than thofe of the Common Centory, a compofed of fix or eight Leaves, of a fine pale yellow color, and fometimes of a deeper yellow, after which comes larger Heads than thofe in the firft, and Seed a little bigger. This:Plant is not full out fo bitter as the fof u VIL. The fifth, which zs a Small yellow Centory @ not Branched, and differs not in fee: or Hower a from the fourth : The Stalk bears perfoliated Leaves, but {pread not themfelves forth in Branches, as the former doth : It bears alfo but one only Flower at the top, which thing, together with its not being ia branched, makes it to be different, and another e "frit ae cies of the perfoliated kind, the whole Plant is lefs : bitter than the firft. > a VIII. The fixth, and /malleft of the Yellow Cen- tories differs very little from the fifth, or laft defcri- a bed Through leav’d Centory, excepting inthis, that) = it 7s wholly lefs in every part of it, and whereas the former bears but one Flower at the top of it, this bears two or three, and fometimes more, {mall Flow ers at the t eg of its Branches. IX. The Places. The firft grows in great oe | wwe: throughout all Exgland, in moft Paftures and Grae fy Fields, : and indeed they are all of them found in many places of this Kingdom, but the firlt or © common fort almoft every where, in Fie/ds, Paflures and Woods, but that with the White Flowers is more fparingly to be had than the firft. The rt I found growing in the South ai of Carolina, inmany lantations, but particularly in that, formerly Cap- — tain Abbot’s, up Wando River, about five Miles from Charles Town : The third of thefe enumerated in - this Chapter, grows in many places in Kent, as in a a Field next unto that which was formerly Sir ‘i Francis Carew’s Houle, at Bedington near Croydon 5 and in a Field next beyond Sowthfleet Church to- wards Gravefend, and in many other places, where alfo the other kinds are fometimes found. X. The Times. They all Flower in Fuly and Auguft, and their Seed is ripe in about a Month after. They ought to be gathered in their F/ower- ing time but fome people out of a meer Superfti-. tion, gather them between the two Lady-days, _ XI. The Qualities. They are b saec hotand = dry in the fecond Degree : but Gerard fays, that our third, which is the firft yellow Centory, ishot = and dry in the third Degree, and yet it is not fo P ) tick, Splenetick, an ck: they ; are noble hives and Abftcrives, Valnetanics, Ae 9 teratives, and Emmenagogicks. . ne XII. The Specification. It is Antifebritick, and ~ good againft Diftempers of the Stomach. - XIIL. The Preparations. You may have there — from, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. An Infufion. 4. A Decottion. 5. A Pouder. 6. An Oil by Infolation or Boiling. 7... An Ointment. 3. A Baljam. 9. A Casaplef 10...A.Diftilled Water. 11. A Spirituous Tintture. 12. An Acid 13. Aa Oily Tintture. 14. A Saline i 15. ASpirit. 16. gs ees 17. A Fixed fromthe Afbes. 18. Am Effential Salt, . e- iia te ae i eae
V. The third, which is the Small Yellow Centory, % alittle like to the fecond, and a iittle greater than it ; the Leaves are alfo larger and roa he and broad at the bottom, but yet not fo broad as to ene, compafs the Stalk, as the next does: the Flowers are’ alfo a little greater, and yellow, which is the prin- cipal thing in which it differs from the laft , and withal the whole Plant is not altogether fo bitter.
ety
ater
i WY Small yel. ory - thorough lew
Ne cd CH taury
rAN%
Y
HH), QUT TTT
APTA ra
TIKIT
4
VI. ‘The fourth, which # the Through-leav'd Gen- tory, bast Root fmall and white, like the former, Jrom whence comes fome Leaves next the ground
BEET 0 nO Ce . ; 4
Se ee eh a
Se ee
Ser
intention. If they are
————_— —_ Oo — oo
Chap. ; 19, Exnglifh
KIV. The liquid Fuice. Being given from four to fix ounces two hours before the coming of the Fit of an Ague (as alfo given in the fame quanity Morning and Evening for fome days) it removes the Fit, and perfettly cures the Ague. It evacuates and carries off Cholerick and Grofs Humors, and prevails againft the Sciatica + And yet with Dodo- news, 1 do not pereeive that it has any fenfible Pur- ging, or Carthartick quality, though in the mean time, many things which are not purely Catharticks or Purging, are found to be very cleanfing, and in pafling ott themf€lves, catry many other Humors along with them. oF
XV. The Effence. This has all the Virtues of the Juice ; it opens Obftructions of the Gall, Liver, Spleen, Reins and Womb, prevails againft Hypo- chondriack Melancholly, Me the Yellow ales it eafes Pains in the Sides, and hardnefs of the Spleen, making thin both Blood and Humors: It is of good ufe for thofe that have the Dropfie, or Green-ficknefS, becaufe it ftrengthens the Stomach, and all the other Vi/cera: I know fome will not al- low it to cure the Dropfie ; but this I know, that if the Hydropick Humors are carried off by other means, and the parts affe€ted are once emptied of their Water, that if this Effence be duly given, it fo ftrengthens the Bowels, that that Difeafe returns no more. It kills Worms in the Belly, and drys up Kheums.
XVL. The Infufion in Wine. It cleanfes grofs Hu- mors, and eafes pains in the Hips, the Gout, and other like Difeafes proceeding from Tartarous Hu- mors: It is good in Agues, ftrengthens the Stomach, helps Digeftion, and caufes a good Appetite. It alfo prevails againtt Stitches, pains of the Sides, .and other difatreftions of the Pleura.
XVII. The Decottion. It has the Virtues of the Infufion, is good againft Agues, Catarrhs, and the vehement pains of the Colick : It provokes the Terms in Women; and brings away the Birth, whe- ther dead or alive, as alfo the see Teg eafing the pains of Mother, and caufing an effe€tual Clean- fing after Delivery. It is good againft the Rickets in Children, evacuates Tartar out of the Urinary Paffages, and brings away Sand and Gravel, ftop- ping the paflage of the Urine.
VIM. The Powder. Taken to one dram in Wine, it gives eafe in the Colick, kills Worms in Chil- dren, and (as Parkinfon fays ) is a wonderful good help againft the biting and poifon of a Viper or Adder. Strewed upon moift and running Sores and Ulcers, it cleanfés, drys, and heals them.
XIX. The Oil by Infolation or Boiling. It is Ano- dyn, eafes the Spleen, and pains of the Mother, and is very effectual in afl old pains of the Joints, and Limbs, as Gouts, Sciatica, Convulfions, Cramps, &c. proceeding from a Cold Caufe. * It is alfo a very good thing to anoint Womens Breafts which are iwoln, hard, or pained, through Cold, or Curd- ling of the Milk, or any other accident, as of a blow, &e
XX. The Ointment. It has the Virtues of the Oil, but is more ftr ening and fanative : It cleanfés, drys, and foul Ulcers, and other {preading Scabs of the Head , and to-anoint the
ck-bone and Joints of fuch Children as have got- ten the Rickets : It ftrengthens and gives eafe in pains of the Back, by anointing therewith.
XXL The Badfam. \t is an incomparable Vul- nerary, and cures fimple Green Wounds at the firft ey by bruifing, and
dilaceration of the flefh, it es ;
1 *
digefts, then clean- | Vehicle.
H. erbs ‘ I 6 7 fes, drys, and.heals them : It alfo cleanfés toul and fetid Ulcers, fills them up with Hefh, and confoli- dates their lips. It heals old running Sores, cleani fing, incarnating and diying, and perfectly caring them, tho’ Hollow, or Fiftulous.
XXII. The Cataplafm, made of the green Herb It has the Virtues of the Balfam, but is an efpecial thing for cleanfing and healing putrid Ulcers in what part foever, if duly applied thrice a day: wathing the hollownefS or fiftulous part alfo with an Expreffed Juice of the Herb:
XXIII. The Diftiled Water. It has the Virtues of the Infufion or Deco€tion, but is pleafanter, as being lefs bitter ; but by fo much, it is the lefs ef- ficacious : and is times ufed as a Vehiculum, to convey other —- of the Herb in: Ic is faid to take away Tanning of the Skin, Sun-burn+ ing, and other the like difafteCtions. Pager
V. The Spirituows Tintfure. It comforts all the Vifcera after a fingular manner ; and theretoré if it is taken from one dram to four drams, Morn- ing, Noon, and Night, it fo ftrengchens the Bowels; as that it pare the return of a Dropfie in thofe Perfons where it has been lately cured, It alfo res moves the Gout out of the Stomach, ( which many times is fatal) is good againft the Jaundice, and Hypochondriack Melancholly : It is indeed a good remedy againft the bitings of Vipers, Rattle-Snakes and other Serpents, as alfo the Poifon of Ma
. at a
XV. The Acid Tinfure. It is excellent againft Vapors, Fits of the Mother, and other difattections of the Womb. It ftrengthens a weak Stomach, refifts Vomiting, caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion, removing faintnefs and ficknefS at heart. . It is good againft a and the Plague, as alfo all — Malign, and Peftilential Difeafes, being taken in a] that the fick drinks from twenty to forty drops at a time, at leaft five or fix times a day ; it takes away the malignity of the Diftemper, and wonders fully abates the putrid heat of the Feves, whether Continent, Continual or Contermitting.
XXVI. The Oily Tindure. It carries off the yel- low Jaundice, as alfo the Morbifick caufe of Obé ftru€tions of the Reins and Urerers by Urine: being given from one dram to two drams, in a good draught of Cardwus Poffet-drink, it has been known to cure Agues: more efpecially if the Spina Dorfi be effe€tually anointed therewith, from the Vertes bre of the Neck almoft to the Azus. Anointed on the fides, it eafes their Pains : and given inwardly,
ives eafe in the Colick. Given toa Woman in bor from fifteen to thirty or forty drops, in fome convenient Vehicle, it facilitates the Delivery, whe- ther alive or dead, and effectually brings away the After-birth.
XXVIL. The Saline Tinfture: It is good againft foul Ulcers, and fpreading Scabs of the Head, of other parts ; takes away Cutaneous Deformities, ag Tannings, Sun-burnings, Spots, Marks, Scurf, Dand- riff, Morphew, and other like defetts of the skin: And being long applied, it is faid to remove Freckles; tho” of great continuance.
XXVIL The Spirit. It ftrengthens the Stomach wonderfully, chears the Heart, revives the Spirits, and fortifies the Univerfal Oeconomy of Nature: it is good againft Vomiring, and Indigeftion, and caufes a good Appetite to kood ; makes a frefh and lively Countenanee, and reftores the Priftine {tate of the Bowels. It is a very good thing againft Diarrbeas, Dyfenteria’s, Lienteria’s, and the Hepa- tick Flux, and gives eafe in an exquifite Colick, when fometimes many other things will do nothing. Dofe from one f{poontul to two, in fome prope
XXIX. Fhe
Sr
_ drys, and heals them: And I was was informed by
168 Salmon’s Herbal. — Lis I.
XXIX. The Collyrium. Ut is made of the Liquid [they were hurt, therewith ; but as it is a thing wholy Fuice,or Effence, mixt with an equal quantity of | fabulous, fo we leave it. > ae clarified Honey. Being put into the Eyes, four, five} 1. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Xeasriev ob wtyd or fix times a day, it clears them frcm Dimnefs,} xowdv, Chelidonium majus vulgare, Common Great Mifts or Clouds, or any thing which obfufcates or} Celandine. 2. XeasVyu 9 wena noamddes, Chelidoni- hinders the fight : and if a Fetle Spirit of Wine | 4 majus Laciniatum, Jagged Celandine. ( about an eighth part ) be added to it, it becomes Shares for fore, inflamed and running Eyes ; it rengthens the weakned part, and powerfully ftops the Fluxion. It alfo cleanfes Ulcers in the Eyes,
a very skilful Chirurgion, that he once cured a Fi- Siula Lachrymalis therewith, by injeting it in, with a proper Syringe. This I am furé of, that it fingu- larly cleanfes, and drys hollow Ulcers in other parts of the Body, and difpofes them to an effectual healing ; and drys up moift Scabs, and other break- ings out like Scurf or Morphew, though of long {tanding, if it is affiduoufly ufed and applied for fome time. Taken inwardly, ftom half an ounce to two ounces at a time, it prevails againft Colds,] . Coughs, Hoarfinef, Wheazings, fhortnefs of Breath, difficulty of Breathing, and other difaffeftions of the Lungs. Being thus continued for fome confi- derable time, I have known it to cure Ulcers of the Lungs ; the Patient drinking with it, new Milk warm, {weetned with double refined Suger, drink- ing no other Liquor, and wholly forbearing all Wines, and Maulted Drinks.
XXX. The Fixed Salt. It is highly Antifebritick and Diuretick. Diffolved to one dram in the Di- {tilled Water, and fo drank, it carries off the Mor- bifick caufé of all Fevers by Urine, and cleanfes all the Urinary parts of Gravel, Sand, and Tartar, lodg- ed in them. " It is alfo excellent good againft the yellow Jaundice, and all Obftru€tions of the Liver, Spleen, Reins, and. Womb. It diffolves Choler in the Body, and cafts it out by Urine: Take of this Salt half an ounce : of the diftilled Water a Pint mix and diffolve. This cures Cutaneous Difeafes,
Celandine [XR _ ty Z| Vas - a y) \
CSS — fe XY SS ~
and takes off Freckles from the Face, if conftantly Bd \ Won
ufed for fome time ; and alfo removes other defor- SHE Foy Se
mities of the Skin. SANS Ly XXXI. The Effential Salt. \t has all the Virtues Ser aara —
of the Liquid Juice and Effence, and may be given oO :
in all thofe cafes from one dram to two or three = SN
crams at a time, in a glafs of generous Wine, Morn- ing and Evening. It is a great Stomatick, and Sweetner of the Blood ; a noble Antifebritick ; and kills Worms in Young or Old, being taken for fome time. It is highly Traumatick, and therefore good to be taken Dietetically, by fuch as have Wounds and Ulcers about them.
S aaenEEEESEEEEEEEtinEeeeieete
CHA P.- CXxX, of CELANDINE.
Shoe SEIN WK Sul ise: & = A\\\O a \\\ a
1." HE Names. It is called in Greek, Xeasdvsov, © Xeadbveev mo yey : In Latin, Chelidonium, and Chelidonium majus, Hirundinaria major : In A- rabick, Kauroch, feu Memiram : and in Englifh, Ce- landine, and Celandine the Greater. This latter name is given to it, becaufe another Plant leffer than this, has the name of Ce/andine given to it, and is called the leffer ; and yet it has no Kin or . Relation to it: and therefore for diftin€tion fake} III. The Deftription. Common Celandine basa this is called Celandine the Greater. It is alfo| Root Somewhat great at the Head, fhooti i Se fometimes called Stoadlow-wort, in anfwer to the lat-| veral other long Roots, with fmall reddy Fibres or ter Latim name. The name is faid to arife from] Strings Springing from them, the infide being yellow Swallows curing the Eyes of their young ones when\ and full of a yellow Fuice : From this Root fp
2
up
. hap.-1 2Oi: Lnglhifo Herbs: | ei
169 |
XIU. ‘The Decottion of the Herbs and Roots in Wine. You may boil with them a few Awni/eeds alfo. It has the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, and Effence, ‘but not altogether fo powerful). It cleanfes much, and fo is helpful againft the Yellow Jaundice, and gargled in the Mouth eafes the Tooth Ach. ; XIIL Fhe Pouder of the Root.. Put upon Aching . Gums or Téeth, or upon 4 loofe or hollow Tooth, ir will eafe the Pain prefently : and as Authors fay, quickly caufe them to fall out. Vix Credo. The ovet Crédulous may eafily make a Tryal. XIV. The Infpiffate Fuice.. This is thought to be better for the kyes than the liquid ale becaufe many of the {harp Particles by the infiflation are Evaporated. You may diffolve it with a litcle Breaft Milk, or Cows Milk, and fo drop it into the Eyes, it is good againft Clouds, Films, Blood-fhor, Intlam- mations, Pearls, and other Difeafes of the Eyes. \XV. The Diftilled Water. It is {aid to be a good thing to clear the Eye-fight ; and taken with a little Mithridate or Vemice. Treacle, and Sweating there- on, it is good againft Malign and Peftflenual Dig: as eafes ; and may be ufedas a Vehicle for other Pre- ~ tions. was ~» XVI. The Spiritueus Tinfure. It has the Virtues of the Effence; and is a fingular good thing againft cold and moift Diftempers of the Head, Nerves, Stomach, Liver and Womb. _It prevails againft Ver- tigo’s, Lethargies, Convulfions, Cramps, Palfies; Lamenefs, Numbnef$, and Contortions of the Bowels. ' By the conftant ufe of this Tin€ture for about fix or feven Months, 1 knew a Man of about thirty fix or thirty eight Years of Age, perfectly cured of the Palfie. Dofe one, two or three drams at a tim Morning and Evening ( and in very cold habits o Body, Morning, Noon, and Nighr } in a Glafs of Madera, or other generous Wine. In Cramps and Convulfions it would be good to bathe the parts affeted therewith: dnd in Palfies, to’ bathe thofé parts of the Back Bone, whofe Vertcbra fend Nerves to the places afflicted. XVIL. The Acid Tin@ure. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, and Effence, and is indeed a werful thing againft all Malign and Peftilential evers, for it a€tually deftroys the maligniry, and abates the heat of the Fever. Outwardly applied, it is found of fingular good ufe to take away defce- dations, or defilements of the Skin.
sat
up fevcral tender, round, whitifh, green Stalks, with larger Foints than are ordinary in other. Plants of like magnitude, like.as it were knees, very. brittle, cand eafie to break, from whence {pring forth Branch- és of a dark blewifh- green color on the. upper fide, like unto Columbines, and: of a more.palezblewifh green underneath, full of a-yellow Fuice or Milk; twhich iffees forth, when any part. is broken, of a bitter Tafte, and ftrong Smell. At the tops of the Branches, wbich are much divided; grow gold yellow Flowers, baving four Leaves a piece, after which come {mall long Cods, with blackifh Seed therein.
IV. The Jagged Celandine, grows in its Roots and ‘Stalks, and almoft in all things elfe like unto the former, fave. that the Leaves are thinner, and the divifions flenderer, and more cut~in onthe edges: the Flowers conjift alfo of four Leaves a piece, and are of the fame golden yellow color, but Somewhat: larger than the other, and are each of them cut in on the edges, as the. green Leaves are, for which reafon Clufius cal/s it, Chelidonium majus laciniato flore ; this, as the other, by fhedding its Seed, rifes again before Winter, and fo continues flowering the next Spring; and feeding in Summer.
V. The Place#: The firft is nourifhed up by many in Gardens , but is alfo found growing Wild in many places by old Wall fides, and by the Hedges and Way fides in untilled ground in feveral parts of this Kingdom, delighting. in fhady places. The fe- cond is only found growing in Gardens. .
VI. The Times. They both Hower all'the Sum- mer long, from the Month of Apri/§ and in the mean feafon the Cods comte to: perfection, and yield
Tipe. “ef Rae VIL. The Qualities. They are <both-hot and dry in the third Degree ; and of an Abfterfive or Clean- fing Faculty; Aperitive, Sudorifick, Hepatick, Ar- thritick, Alterative and Alexipharmick. “VIL. The Specification. It is faid to be a peculiar thing againft the yellow Jaundice. ; IX. Lhe Preparations. You may have therefrom, Pe 1. The woke Fuice. 2. The Effence. 2. The De- =. cottion inWine. 4. The Pouder of the Root. 5. The ag Infpiffate Fuice.- 6. The Diftilled Water.’ 7. The Pr. Spirituous Tinture. 8. The Acid Tinture. 9. The i aline Tintture. 10. A Cataplafm 11. A Mix- tae ture.
P ier The Mentwesl XVUL The Saline. Tinfure.. It is good for thofe Se : . who are troubled’ with the Itch, or have old Sores ae X. The liquid Fuice. Being taken fafting from | in their Legs, or other parts of their Bodies : it al-
fo takes away Tanning, Sun-burning, Scurf, Mor-
phew; black and blew Spots, and other difcolorings
and’ deformities.of the Skin. | XIX. The Cataplafm. The Green Heth, with the
Fr one ounce to two olinces mixed with a dram or two _. of Mithridate, and a Glafs of Wine, it is of fingu- .. -) Tar good ufe againft the Plague or Peftilence, the
+" Patient being laid to Sweat thereupén. The Juice J ;
Bis 2 aap into the Eyes, cleanfes them from Films, | Roots, being bruifed, and made into a Cataplafin, pet: and Clouds which hinder the fight ; more efpecial-| with a little Oil_of;Camomil, and pouder of Or- a ly if mixed with a little of the Diftilled Water, to| rice Roots and Zedoary, and applied hot to the
Navel, it eafes the Griping pains of the Belly and Bowels, as alfo the pains of the Mother. And ap- plied to the Left fide takes away Stitches, and ea- fes the pains of the Spleen. Applied alfo to Wo- mens Breafts, who have theif Courfes in too great a meafure, it.{tops them, and gives great relief to difaffeftions of the Mamillary parts.
XX. The Mixture. Ye of the liquid Fuice four ounces: Oil Olive one ounce : Elowers of Sulphur an ounce and balf: mix them. (t cures the Itch, Mor- phew, Scurf or Dandriff, fcald Heads, difcolorings of blows or Wounds, Tettars, Ring-worms, and other like difcompofures of the Skin, being anoint- ed therewith, Morning and Evening, for fome time.
A allay it, It is alfo to good purpofé ufed in old run- } ning Sores, and filthy and corroding Ulcers where- foever, to hinder their malignity, and ftop their pe and fretting, and to caufe them the more : «. fpeedily to heal. . The Juice often applied to Warts, 4 ors, Tettars, Ring-worms, or fuch other like Ipreading Sores, deftroys their Acrid Ferment, and fo cures them. ~ XL. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the _ Liquid Juice, but much more powerful to the in- tentions, and may be given in the fame Dofe in Wine. It opens Obftruttions of the Gall, Bladder, Liver, and Spleen, and prevails againft the Dropfie, . and yellow Jaundice. . ee gh hee an - va TE res, RSS ARN TT |
Wie CRAB
“eos 242" *
170 Salmon’s Herbal. — Lub, i ees ee en
them, which perifhes when the Seed zs ripe ; from this Root rifes Leaves almoft like to the Rapum | Sylveftre, but leffer, and fmaller at the bottom, not Fagged : among which rifes a rough, flender, brittle, and fomewhat bairy Stalk, a foot and half, or two feet bigh, having larger Leaves than the former, and fomewbat Fagged and Waved: The Stalk to- wards the top is drvided into many Arms and Branch es, On bach grow Little yellowifh Howers, which make a great fhew ; but fometimes they are found i HE Names. 1 do not find that this Plant} so be of a purplifh color , which being af there fol- was. Known to the Greeks, and fo have| /ows long Pods, Sharp towards the end, containing
no Greek name for it. It is called in Latiz, Rapi-| feveral flattifh Seeds, of a whitifh yellow color.
Sree : and in Englifh, Charlock, Carlock, and Chad-
lock. :
CHAP. CXXL.
Of CHARLOCK.
SEL OY Sh fob wl f Ar, AES aN Yi pA
Sen) MEN ek
mon Charlock. 2. Rapiftrum Sylveftre, five Arvo- ¢ Ws [WAN Ye * - . . aie \ \ YA’ ] 4 rum, Wild, or Field Carlock : Metthiolus calls it BN Yara he 4
Lampfana , fo alfo Anguilara nenfis, Gerard and Gefner, in Hort
names. 4. Rapiftrum album Articulatum, White Field Charlock ; which is the Lampfana of Turner
=~
oe x << =>
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ya\y, OAL ay) (3! NY =-s = ae a ALS SDA SANTA
ONS
fy 7 \
4 WZ
BASS NORD “dag lien gy Y Aa y) ! V'\ MO SIN Q J o> fa Vf PBI CES 7 WY ; \ Tag Pen S/
)
an \ = ~
‘S,
S SAG
G
a4
IV. The fecond, has a Root long and white, which Srows woody when it runs up to Stalk and Seed, and perifhes after Seed time. From which Root /prings forth many long and broad rough Leaves, hairy antl green, lying upon the ground round about the Root,
peat : from among which rifes up one flender airy Stalk, feldom many, branched from the middle upwards into many Arms, with divers leffer Leaves
| reddifh brown’ Seed therein, like unto Muftard Seed, but larger, as quick and fharp in tafte, but more
Comment, Fidld)
bitter than it.
ATTIE CTT
at it, like the former, which dies every year,
tle rough. but not cut or jagged as the for- ab H Peis aves Pipe — ont a e Stalk rifes up rough and hairy like rhe others, Ul. The Deferiptions. The firft of thefe bas flen-| of about cabin ‘ae high, or pee Spread out der Roots with feveral fibres or firings hanging at \into many Branches , at the tops of which are a;
Somewhat deeply gafhed in on the edges, and round —
Oy . on them to the tops ; on which fiand many yellow Ewe Vi Flowers, having four or five Leaves a piece, which aaUy ae in a Hemp Land, or Corn Field make a mighty and — FIM E ZS Llorious as ( but much to the Owners difprofit AX ja Z SS after thefe Flowers are paft, there follows long roug E Via Pods, not very flender, with divers round, fma
V. The third has a long Root, with many Fibres ; whence {pring up many large Leaves waved in, alit-— (tes ; or barry. ““"
i
.
Chap. eas number of pale yellow Flowers, which being paffed uway, long wined Pods follow, rough like the for- mer, and with a fhew of divifions if them: it which are contained little round, and’ dlmoff Afh-coloréd, Sometimes reddifh Seed, ~ oR eA See RO." bee
VI. The fourth bas @ Root fmall‘and lng in fome Plants, in others thicker* atd*rounder, near to the
bignefs of a fmall long rooted Tiere: tobich is ‘Aa-|
nual, or perifbing every Year :' From this ‘Root there comes forth fewer Leaves thar in the former, but Smaller and rougher, and’ in fome [ittle or nothing jagged, but.in others more: the Stalks are. rougher and lower than the ‘others, which alfo fpread forth
which grow the Flowers, not fo many as in the Com- mon, or fecond kind, nor yet altogether fo great or
So yellow, but either of a pale yellow, or more white 5
. . after which come forth fmaller r Pods, with ‘a Foints or Divifions in them in which are contained
f Junaller brownifh Seed, nothing near fo fiery or bot,
as inthe firft or fecond kind: of this Rind alfo, fome : : : | Mouth, purges the Head -and Brain effectually, by . | the Noftrils, of cold, :moift ‘and: mucilaginous Hu-°
B have been found with a purplifh Flower.
f VII. The fifth has a Root long and white, and Somewhat Fibrous; from whence fpring forth its lower Leaves, which are fomewhat large, thick, and
hairy, of a very frefh green color, torn on both edges: at the bottom, but broader at the ends, where they, ; are only waved: The Stalks alfo are a little rough and hairy, of about twelve or fixteen Inches, or more, . high, fet with a few fuch Leaves as the loweft, but
Smaller ; towards the top they branch forth into long | :
‘@ Spikes of gold yellow Flowers, the ‘length of three, 9 four, or five Inches , which being paft, there comes
in their places fmall, round, firiped Heads or Husks,
4
{|
; with a fntall point at the end , containing in every one of them but one Seed, from whence came the
b. ’ name, ’
bi VILL. The fixth, which is the Water Charlock, has ‘ a Root long, tough, and full of ftrings, creeping and, putting forth many Stalks , from whence comes-forth
. Stalks of a Yard high, and ? pad more, with ma- ny Branches, flender and fmooth, in ide to any of the reft, which are fet with rough rib deeply indented about the lower parts of the Leaf.
E ’ Lhe flowers grow at top of the Branches in Umble
. or Tuft fafbion, fometimes of one color, and fometimes
of another: the Seed Veffels are fort and fmall, con- taining in them fmall Seed.
TX. The Péaces. The firft has been found grow- ing in divers places of Eng/und,as going from Shore- ditch by Bednal-Green to Hackney : The fecond, & 7 third, and fourth are found growing in ‘Corn Fields, b Hemp Lands, in Barren Grounds, and_often by the Borders of Fields and Hedges, Bank-fides and Un- tilled Grounds, and fuch other like places : The
fifth grows in many places of Germany, and with us is noutifh’d up in Gardens. The fixth grows in t - moift Meadows, and Marfh Grounds, and in Water q Ditches, and other plafhy places.
X. The Times. They flower all Apri/, and con-'
. tinue flowering till the Summer is fur fpent ; and &. the Seed ripens in the mean time.
eS XI. The Qualities. The Seed is hot and dry in the third Degree ; infomuch as fome do make ufe of it inftead of Muftard Seed, or mingle it rhere- ‘with. I¢ is Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Ne- phritick and Hyfterick ; Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Diuretick : Alterative, Ptarmick, Mafticative, and
CX1D} kK: :
XI ecification. It opens the Obstructions ‘ay kaa and is againft the Pab
; an ; 4-+ i bs the ¢ os :
d a3 Antes 3 Ly
~ Englih Herbs.
into Branches towards the top : and on the tops of
ed Leaves, |-
KUL. The Preparations. You may have -ftom the Seed, 1. An Expreffed Oil, 2. An Errbine. 3. A Sauce. imitating Muftard.. .4,'A Spirit, like Spirit of Scurvy-grafs. §. A Spirituous Tintture. 6. An Oily Findtare. 7. A Saline Tintture. 8. A Cata- | The Vi irtues. XIV. The Oil by Expreffon.. It difeuffes any
Caufe, being anointed. upon the. part warm, and well rey in. It is sa etl ufe to make Soa withal, inftead of Oil, Olive, and much exceeds Train or Whale Oit for that-purpofe ; and where yet on other Oil are wanting, it may ferve to with. oe ee ees We - KV. The Errhine. \t is-made of the Seed inding ‘it with fair:Water, in aBoul, with a B ler, then ftraining the thin or liquid part from the grofs: this liquid part being fometimes fnufft u the. Noftrils, fo. as it -may. come out again at t
mors, and by that means prevails againit vehement and inveterate Head-achs, proceeding from a cold
*
caufe, Vertigo’s, Lethargies, Carus,. Apoplexy, Epi- lepfie, Convulfions,’ Palffe and bther fike iftem- ps of the Brain and Nerves. And J have known
y often ufing of it, in fome who have been Dim fighted; or almoft -Blind, and in others who have had a conftant flux of Rheum into their rig’ for fome confiderable time, that it has cleared the fight, ‘diverted the Rheum, and ftrengthened the Eyes fo ates as if they had never ailed any thing at ;
XVI. The Sawce. It is made as Muftard, and fo to be ufed : it ftrengthens the Stomach, fharpens the Appetite, and caufes. a good Digeftion : but it is nothing near fo pleafant as Muitard : applied immediately upon a Contufion where the skin is not broken, it difcuffes the Tumor, and prevents the afflux of Humots to the part.
rep in a cold habit of Body ; it excites the Ani- mal Spirits, and caufes livelinef$ and cheerfulnefs in fuch as are Sleepy, Drowfie and Lethargick : and is indeed an excellent thing -for fuch conftantly to take of, who are Paralytick, or troubled with numbednefs, tremblings, and other weaknefles of the Nerves ; more efpécially, if it is alfo bathed down along the Back-bone, and’ parts affected, Morning and Evening, and alfo taken from one dram to two drams, or more, Morning, Noon, and Night, in fome convenient Antiparalytick, and Antifcorbutick Vehicle.
XVIIL. The Spiritous Tinéure. \t has the Vir- tues of the Spirit, and in forme cafes more effectual, being more Stomatick than that is ; and being ba- thed upon any part affliéted with a cold Tumor or Swelling, or with cold and moift Humors, or with Rheumatick Pains proceeding from cold, it warms and comforts the Part, difcuffes the Humors, and eafes the Pain: mixed with White Wine, and ufed as an Errhine, it purges the Head and Brain of Cold -Palegmatick Matter which offends it, caufing Head- -achs, Vertigo’s, Drowlinefs, Lethargies, €c.
XIX. Lhe Oily Tintture. \t is ufed chiefly out-
wardly, in Gouts from.a cold caufe, in which it -
gives admirable eafe. As alfo in NumbnefS, Trem- bling of the Limbs, and Palfies, in all which cafes, it ought to be bathed all along upon the Back bone, trom the Vertebre of the Neck, almoft to the Aztus, and this to be repeated oftentimes, and well rub- | bed: in both Morning and Evening , the parts af- Z2 tetted,
cold Tumor, and eafes pains proceeding ftom acold —
XVII. The Spirit. It is admirable againft the
~ oe
Salmon’s
172
eae ES ST, ee, SE” TL EE TS SK tected aie likewile to be bathed with the fame. An-| by reafon of its weaknefs : upon whichcome forth
ointed upon a Nerve prickt or hurt, it eafes the Pain and Anguifh, and abates the Tumor, if any be prefenc.
XX. The Saline Tinfure. If given inwardly, from half a dram to two drams, it opens Obftru- Ctions of the Urinary parts, and of the Womb ; but it is of greateft ufe in ourward Applications againft
ff. | mon
Tanning, Sun-burning, Scurf, Morphew, Dandriff, and other like Defcdations of the Skin; for it cleanfes after a fingular manner, by reafon of its Volatile Particles.
XXI. The Cataplafm. Made of the Green Herb, but principally of the Seed, with the addition of a quarter part of Mithridate, and fo much Orrice pouder as will bring it to a confiftence, and applied to cold tlatulent Tumors, it difcuffes them : if Na- ture defigns the Tumor for breaking, it brings it to maturation or ripenef$, and that in a litde time, becaufe of its heat. If it is applied to the Gout, it eafes the Pain, and attra€ts the Morbifick Humor a the Pores of the Skin, in manner of
weat.
CHAP. CXXI Of CHER R Y Winter.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, =rexv@, 5 Bred xvG@ drsndxasQ@- : In Arabick, Keken- Li, 0 Altekengi : In Latin, Alkakengi, Halicaca- bum, Solanum Halicacabum Theopbraftt, Veficarium Plinij, Saxifraga quarta rubra Brunfelftj, and Sola- num Veficarium: In Englifh, Winter Cherries.
Il. The Kinds. Parkinfon fays, it is one of the kinds of Solana, or Night-/hades, fet forth and fpo- ken of by Diofcorides and Galen, and one of the two of Theophrajtus. We make two Kinds there- of, 1. Halicacabum five Alkakengi Vulgare, Our Common Winter Cherry. .2. Halicacabum five Al- hakengi Virginienfe, The Virginian Winter Cherry. There is another Plant, which fome Authors have joined with Winter Cherries, and called it,
Herbal. Lib. 1
many broad and long green Leaves, not ae un- like to thofe of Common Nightfhade, dur Jar- ger: at the Foints whereof, and among x
come forth whitifh Flowers, confifling of five fmall Leaves apiece : In the middle PZ which Flower comes forth a Berry, green at fof, and red when it is ripe, like almoft in color and bignefs to our Com- Red Cherries ( whence the Englith name; ) Thefe Berries are a bg in Skins, or Bladders, of a pale reddifh color. In the Berry is contained a reddifh Pulp, and the Seed lying in the fame, which are many, fmall, and flat, and of a pale yellow color.
—— “3 te SSS a eee A
IV. The American kind, has a fmall Root fpread- ing under ground, but not fo far as the and
Helicacabum Peregrinum, Veficaria Peregrina, and} perifhes every Year. From this Root comes shies
Helicacabum i tm Winter Cherries Creeping, as Tragus, Fuch
news, and others ; but Cordus oppofes, and makes it another Plant : Bazbinws puts it among the Peafe, as a kind thereof, and calls it Pifum Ve/i- carium : Lobel thinks it to be the J/opyum’ Diof-
ius, Gefner, Matthiolus, Dodo-| fing up fo much as the other.
Branches with Leaves on the ground, fcarcely ri- Seldom above eighteen or twenty Inches high, ( which I obferved when in its perfetliias and growing upon fertil ground ) but the Branches are greater, as alfo are the and fomething more uneven about the edges, of a
coridés, and calls it, Cor Indum, Pifum Indicum,| fad, or deep green, almoft of a Sea-green color: at
and Pifum Cordatum for all which Reafons, it being rather a Grain than a Berry, we have for- born to put it in this place : and fo much the more alfo, becaufe it is no Native or Denifon of our Ccuntrey, nor does it grow naturally, as fome think, in any Part of Europe.
Ill. The Defcription. Our Common Winter Cher-
ry has a running or creeping Root in the Groued,| of
long, and not much unlike to the Roots of Quitch- gras, running very far abroad under the upper cruft of ike Earth, caufing it greatly to encreafe ; it is Sometimes of the thicknefs of ones little Finger, fhoot- ing forth at feveral Joints, and in feveral places,
by which means it quickly fills a great piece of \ large as our Englith Winter
Ground. krom this Root rifes up a Stalk two or ibree Feet high, round, flender, {mooth, and fome-
what reddifh, reeling this way, and that way ,' tion, it is never red, but of a pale whitifh gre =
the Foiuts come forth the Flowers Singh, to at one ottom than up-
contained the Berry, which never grows cent, fills almoft the Bladder in which it i contain- ed: when the Cherry or Berry comes to its perfe
ich Leaves °
Leaves,
| i
Chap. I 22.
color, fometimes of an Amber color, or of a light palifh yellow , and fometimes thofe which the Sun looks full upon, may bave fome {mall freaks of red, mixed with Amber-colored and pale yellowifh gréen colored. The Berry contains a Pulp like the Englith, but whitifh yellow, or green, in which Pulp is con- tained.the Seed, which ws {mall and flat, like the other, and of a whitifb color.
V. The Places. The firft grows by Hedge fides, and old Walls, and about the Borders of Fields, in moift and fhadowy places (this it may poffibly do, in.feveral Southern Regions and Countries beyond Sea ) but with us it grows chiely in Gardens. The other grows Wild in Exg/i/h Plantations in Virginia. I found it growing in a Plantation up Wadmalaw River in Carolina, and in feveral other Plantations of that Country, where it grew {pontaneoufly, and that in vaft plenty. Pzrkinfom makes mention of a third kind of Weft India Al/kakengi, which I take to be the fame with that before defcribed, and dif- ters from it only in largenefS, and ftrength of its Stalks, Branches and Berries, which I believe arifes only from the differing goodnefS of the Soil, they being in all other refpetts exa€tly the fame. I have found them both growing on the fame ground, but could not poffibly take them to be two differing Species of the fame Genus.
VI. The Times. They Flower about the middle or latter end of 7u/y; and the Fruit is ripe about the latter end of Auguff?. In Carolina they flower fomething: earlier.
VII. The Qualities. The Herb is cold and moift in the fecond Degree, not Aperitive : but the Ber- ries are of the fame Quality, and Opening ; Diure- tick, Nephretick, Alterative, and Lithontriptick.
VIL. Ihe Specification. vag are peculiar againft Obftructions of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, and to help in the Strangury, Stone, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous matter, lodged in thofe Parts.
IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A Diftilled Water from the Fruit or Leaves. 2. A Fuice of the Fruit made with White Wine. 3. An Infufion or Decottion of the Berries. 4. A Diet Drink. 5. A Pouder of the Berrics. 6. An Oil of the Root. 7. A Cataplafin of the Leaves or Fruit.
The Virtues.
X. The Diftilled Water. It is Cooling and Diu-
retick : It may be Diftilled from the Fruit or Leaves }
with a little Milk. It may be drank from two oun-
ces to five or fix, fweetned with a lictle Sugar,
Morning and Evening, againft the Strangury, heat
of Urine, and all the Diftempers of the Urinary arts.
XL. The Fuice of the Fruit. It may be given from one ounce to two, in a glafs of White Port Wine, againft Stone, Gravel, Sand, Tartarous Mucilage, or what ever {tops the Urine in either Reins, Ureters, pe Bladder : but it is not fo powerful as the pou-
er. :
gritty ee diffolve it, and to expel and ‘end it forth by Urine in form of Sand or Gravel.
“Engl Forks
fold, 1. tivum, 2. The Great Sweet Chervil, Sweet Cifley; called Cerefolium magnum, frve Myrrbis. 3. The Small, Sweet Chervil, Small Sweet Cifley, called,
Sembles P.
by carrying off the Morbifick Caufe by Elrine. Dofe from four to eight ounces, Morning, Noon, and Night : and to be continued as the Exigency of the Ditieafe requires.
XIU. Diet Drink. It is made of tlie Berries put up into new Wine, when it is new made, that working with the Berries therein, their Virtues may be drawn forth into the Wine. Or becaufe our Country affords not new Wine in the Mut, you may put them into new Beer, of Ale; as you fet them to. Work, and alfo Tun them up therewith, that they may se ig ins, we ee The proportion is two large whilft green, ta a Gallon of Wine or Ale : and one tage] handful well bruifed when dry. This may be drank as or- dinary drink, but at leaft a Pint of ic Morning, Noon and Night. It has all the Virtues of the In- fufion or Deco€tion.
XIV. The Pouder, It is made of the dried Ber- ties, in which the Seeds themfelves ate reduced into a Pouder. The Dofe is from fifteen grains to half a dram, Morning and Night, in a Glafs of White Port Wine. Or you may Infufe it in the fame Wine, two ounces of the Pouder to three Quarts of Wine, letting it ftand in a cold Digeftion a Month before hand, fhaking the Bottle every day. When you drink it, fhake the Bottle, and pour it out thick and thin together, and let the Patient take a quarter ofa Pint at a time, Pouder and all, Morning and Evening, and continue this courfe till he has tound the defired relief. This Pouder, and thus taken, is much more efficacious than either the Infufion, De- coftion, or Diet ; and ought to be very much va- lued of fuch as ate troubled or affli€ted with the
powertul to
to be applied to allay the heat of InHammations, and to eafe pains coming from a cold caufe. CHAP. CXXIIL. Of CHERVIL Carden.
[9° HE Names. It is called in Greek, Xasgiguas acy; and is thought to be trBasixiy Theophras
fit, libs 7. eap: 7. tranflated by Gaza, Enthuficum : ae. en Cerefolium, and Cherifolium: In Englifh; ervil:
Il? The Kinds. It is threefold, 1. Garden. 2.Wild: 2. Meet Chervil. The Garden Chervil is three- he Common Garden, called Cerefolium Sa-
Myrrhis altera parva. The Wild we {hall treat of
fin Cap. 124. and the Toorh-pick Chervil in Cap. 125;
following. *
Ill. The Defeription. Garden Chervit has a fmail and long Root, which perifhes every Year, and # rai« fed up every Year, with Seed fown in the Spring, as aljo int Autumn for Salleiing. It rifes up with Stalks not toto high, and in its Leaves mach re*
, but after it is grown bigger, the Leaves are very much cut in and jagged; fomewhat : rejems
173
174 Salmons Herbal. Lab. 1.
Tefen.bling Hemlock, being a little hairy, and of a| {weet, pleafant, bot, fpicie Tafte, pleafing unto ma- whitith green color, but turning reddifh in Summer, j
with the Stalks alfo, bearing at the top of its Branch-
es fpoked Tufts of white Flowers, which being paft, turn into long and round Seed, pointed at the ends, and blackifh when they are ripe, of a fweet tafte, but no fmell , but the whole Herb it felf, has a pretty kind of fweet Scent.
Chervil . rn. esi WW? : WY 1}
eats AK Vd Rae
ny : From this Root comes forth feveral Stalks of winged Leaves, confifting of many. Leaves fet toge- ther, ye td cut in on the edges, and every one alfa dented about, very like, and refembling the Leaves of Garden Crefles, from which they are not eafily to be diftinguifhed, but by. good obfervation of thofe who know both : Their tafte is not unpleafant ( for which | reafon many put them inio Sallets ) and # not much differing from the Tafte of Anifeeds: There alfo ri- Jes up a Stalk reafonable large, and a little crefted, about a yard high, fpreading it felf out into man Branches, at the tops whereof ftand many fpoaky Tufts or Umbles of white Flowers, which being paft away; there follows brown, long, cornered, great Sed, two always joined together.
V. The Small Sweet Chervil, ( or Small Sweet Cifley) bas a Root not like the former, but confifi- ing of almoft nothing but fibres, thick and matted to- gether ; its. Leaves, Stalks, and Umbles of Flowers differ not much from the laft, faving that they are every ways Jefs. The Seed is long, fmooth, fmall, and fhaped-like to an Oat, and in tafte not much un- like to that of Daucus Creticus.
VI. The Places. The two firft grow in Gardens, jand that almoft throughout this whole Kingdom: The laft is found in fome parts of the A/ps, as a- bout Gezoua, and other places, but with us only in
=
<M Joe Was
Plants.
VIL. The Times. They Flower and Seed in May, and their Seed is ripe in Fu/y : and therefore are Sown again in the end of Summer.
VII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the ficft ee; Galen fays in the fecond : Aperitive, Ab-
fterfive, Carminative, Digeftive, Diuretick and Ano- dyn. It warms and comforts the Head, Brain, Nees and Stomach, is Peftoral, Nephritick and Hyfterick : Alfo Alterative, Alexipharmick and Sper- matogenetick. .
IX. The Specification. It is found by great expe- rience to comfort the Stomach, and provoke Urine, even where it is ftopt.
X. The Preparations. You may have hereftom, 1. Ihe Green Root. 2. The green Herb. 2. The green Seed. 4. The Diftilled Water. 5. The Lr quid Fuice. 6. The Effence. 7. The Balfam, or Ointment. 8. The Roots Candied. 9. The Decottion of the Roots in Wine.
The Virtues.
XL The green Root. Gerard fays, they are excel- lent to be eaten ina Sallet, being firft boiled, and then dreft up to the Table, as the Cook can tell bett, either with Butter and Vinegar, or Oiland Vinegar. They are good ( fays he) for old People which are Dull, and without Courage : they Addy fr and comfort the Heart, ftrengthen and provoke Luft much. Xi. The green Leaves. They are very good, wholfom and pleafant, being eaten raw as a Sallet. Herb with other Salleting, giving the whole a little relifh of Avifceds. Ulfed as a Pot-herb, it is plea- {ant to the Stomach; and is ufed by the Dvrch in a kind of Loblolly or Hotchpotch, which they call Warmus.° } XII. The green Seed. Parkinfon fays, they ate commended, being put into a Sallet of green Herbs, and eaten with bi and Vinegar, to ftrengthen the Aged, and comfort a cold Stomach. Gerard fays, that the green Seed eaten as a Sallet, with Oil, Vi- negar, and Pepper, exceed all other Sallets by many Degrees, both in pleafantmef$ of a fweetnets of Smell, and wholfomnefS as for Food, being good for.a cold and weak Stomach. XIV. The
IV. The Great Chervil, ( called alfo Sweet Cif- ley) bas a great Root, blackifh on the out fide, and biti within, from which fprings forth many fibres ; it perifhes not, but abides many years, and is of a
Gardens of Botanifts, and fuch as are curious of
~ Mue
LLL LLL CA A XIV. The Dijtilled Water. Being drank to four| Branches, again{? the Leaves, fo that they [pring or fix ounces, it is good to diffolve congealed Blood, } out of Bofoms, as it were, of the Leaves, which car-
and provoke Urine.
ry Umbles of fmall white Howers 5 after thich fo"
XV. The Liguid Fuice. It diffolves ages low the Seeds, rough, hairy, round and longifh, about
Blood in the Stomach, Guts, Pleura, Lungs,
omb, | ihe bigne/s of Anileeds, and growing two together.
or other Bowels: it provokes Urine, and the Terms} The Leaves are fmall, and finely cut or divided, in Women, and to expel Sand, Gravel, and Stones} /ike thofe of Hemlock, but of a whitifh color, and out of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder: and prevails} bairy.
alfo againft the Pleurifie, very much comforting a weak, fick, and cold Stomach. Dofe four ounces, Morning and Night, in a Glaf$ of Wine.
XVL The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, befides which ir facilitates the Birth, and brings away the After-birth, is good againft Poifon, and the Venomous biting of the Phalangium, as Diofcorides faith, is nutritive, and reftores in Con- fumptions : Being often taken it breeds Seed, and very
h provokes Luft, and has reftored fome who have been Impotent.
or ‘Lacetated : Ae eat to
eafe the pain thereof, pris is the Morbifick matter thro” the Pores of the Ski
XVI The Candied Roots. They are very good to warm, comfort and ftrengthen a cold and weak Stomach, and excite Venus: And Parkinfon fays, they are.thought to be a good Prefervative in the time of Plague. _ ‘
XIX. The Decolfion ofthe Roots in Wine. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but nor all out fo powerful : It is good againft the bitings of Vi- pers, Mad Dogs, other Venomous Creatures ; is profitable againft the Phthifick, and fach as have an Impotency, or are in a pining Confiimption. Dofe, Morning and Night, amy four to eight
ounces. —
CHAP. CXXIV. Of CHERVIL Wild.
LT HE Names. It is called in Greek, Xatyiqua- ae yew: In Latin, Cerefolium, or Chere- folium Sylveftre : and in Englifh, Wild Chervil.
I. The inds, This is the fecond Species of Chervils, and is threefold: 1. Cherophyllum Bau- hini, Cerefolium Sylveftre Vulgare, Common. Wild Chervil. 2. Myrrbis ZEquicolorum nova Fabij Co- lumne, Small Hemlock il. 3. Cicutaria alba Lugdunenfis, Cicutaria Palyfiris Camerarij, Wild
Cifley.
ie The Deferiptions. Wild Chervil, has 2 whitilh woody Root, from which rife up reund about it, round, red, and batry Stalks,a yard high,or more, many times large, and fwoln about the Fonts, which Stalks are not hollow, but full of Pith: towards the top they are divided into me Branches, which have on their tops Umbles of fmall and very fine white little Flow- ers, which being paffed away, are fucceeded by longifh Seeds... The Leaves are commonly parted into three principal gers and each part again fubdivided in- to five, which are fnipt about the edges, foft, bairy,
_and of a dark green, or réddifh color.
Small lock Chervil, bas a Root fmall and
“white, which when it has perfelled its Seed, perifhes every Tear: from which rife up Stalks flender, bol-\\
Sw
low, not hairy, and feldom exceeding the feet. They ar
ake <
V. Wild Cifley, bas @ Root very large, and divi- ded into feveral parts, white, and {pungy, of a plea- fant ftrong Smell, and with a hot and biting tafte : This Root, tho’ the Stalks fade and perifh, yet lives, and the Leaves-are green all the Year. ‘The Stalks ( if they grow in gool ground ) come to be three or four feet high, are hollow, jointed, pretty thick, green, and much Crefted, fending forth out of the + deg of the Leaves many Branches, which have on their tops, Umbles of white Flowers, each Hower confifting of five little Leaves ; of which the lowe ft is twice as big as the reff; tlé iwo fide ones Jefs ; the uppermoft the leaft of all. The Leaves are large like thofe of Myrthis, or Sweet Cifley, but of « dark green color, and thofe which grow on the Tops of the Stalks, are commonly divided into three parts, and thofe again fubdrvided into feveral long sharp pointed and fnipt Leaves, like thofe in Sweet Cifley, the Seeds are longifh, round, fharp pointed, black and fhining. This Plant may very well be called Wild Cifley, for that it fo much (hog the Gar- den Sweet Citley, not only in its form, but ( as Au- thors believe.) in its Virtues too.
VL. The Places. The firf? grows almoft in every Hedge, and by every Hedge fide: The fecond, about Madd Walls, High Ways, and fuch like places, a- bout London, and many other parts of the tinsieen : it is but a fmall Plant. The third is found very frequently in all places, efpecially where the ground is moift and fat, in Meadows, Orchards, and the
ike. VIL. The Times. The firft flowers in Fune and
€ divided into feveral} Fuly, and the Seed ripens in the mean Seafon, or ; not
ey
176 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I. ty of very fall Seed. The whole Plant has a kind of Refinous Tafte and Smell. There is another fort alfo of Syrian Chervil, sobich bas but a fem Stalks of winged Leaves, almoft like to Parfneps, but that every divided Leaf is broad and round, but lefer, the Stalk is fomewbat hairy, crefted, fmall, low, and naked of Leaves to the top, whereon grow feveral long Stalks with Umbles of white Flowers, and two or three fmall long leaves with them, whofe Smell and Tafte is like the former.
not loug atter. ‘The fecond comes up in March, flowers in May, and its Seed ripens in Fume. In Italy they eat the young Leaves in Sallets, and call it Wild Chervil. The third Howers alfo in May and Fune, and its Seed ripens in the mean Seafon, or not long after.
VIIL The Qualities; Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are {aid to be the fame with the Gar- den Chervils,to which I refer you. Parkinfon fays, that Wild Chetvil.will help to diffolve any Tumor or Swelling,- and that inany part of the Body, as alfofto take away the {pots and :marks in the Fleth and Skin, proceeding from Congealed Blood, by bruifés_ or Blot in a fhort time, by applying it ( bruifed I fuppoie ) to the place. xe
IX. A Cataplafm of the green. Herbs and Roots.
T once knew a Man who had been for a long‘time, even for many years, affii&ted with the Gout ; fo that fometimes for four, five or fix Months toge- ther ‘he could neither go nor ftand, which put him fo much out of heart,-as te think himfelf paft all cure. A Beggat Woman going by, and begging at ‘the Door, at fuch time as the Puroxy/m was upon him, and underftanding. by fome Diftourfes the Matters illnefS, told them fhe would cure him: fhe advifed him to apply a Pultice of green Wild Chervil to the parts afflifted, and to renew it as of- ten:as he faw need : ( fetching to him alfo at the fame time fome of the Herb, that he might know it: ) he did fo, following exa&tly the Beggar Wo- mans advice, and he had in a little time eafe, and in lefS than a Months time a perfe&t Cure. If at any time afterwards he found any Grumbling Pain, in the fame parts, or in any other, he had ftill recourfe to the fame remedy, and averr’d upon his faithful word, that he never apply’d this Cataplafin in vain. |
Sil Si SANS) Bs
CHAP... CXXV. Of CHER VIL Tooth-pick.
1. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Tryvidev :
In Latin, Gingidium, and Bifacuta: In Eng- Lifh, Tooth-pick Chervil, and Strange Chervil. The Syrians call it Vifnaga, as Rauwolfiws faith.
Il. The Kinds. There are three principal kinds, 1. Gingidium verum, five Syriacum Diofcoridis, Sy- rian ‘Tooth-pick Chervil, called in that Language Vifnaga. 2. Gingidium Hifpanicum Matthioh, The Spanyh kind. 3. Gingidium Cherefolij, Foliis Ta- bernmontani, Tooth-pick Chervil, with ,Chervil Leaves.
IU. The Defcriptions. The firft has a Root almoft like a Carrot Root, not great, but long, white and woolly, perifhing every Year after Seed-time, which ts the fame Year it is Sown, or elfe [pringing up late, and not fhooting up into Stalks for Seed, it will a- bide a Winter : from this Root it grows up with an upright Stalk, fomewhat rough, branching forth from the very ground almoft, on which are fet Stalks of Jjine cut Leaves, fmaller than Fennel, efpecially thofe on the Stalks and Branches, for the loweft are a ht- tle broader. At the tops of the Branches grow broad Unbles of white Flowers, fomewbat purplifh in the middle, which Umbles before they flower, bang down their Heads, and after the Flowers are paft, the Um- bles do contrat, or draw themfelves rounder, the outward parts being higher than the middle, which then is fo hollow, that it reprefents a Birds Neft,| IV. The Spanifh Kind, bas a Root long and white, Something like to the Umbles of the Wild Carrot :} f>
0 the rom whence rifes up a Stalk higher than the firft The. Flowers being paft, there fucceeds a great plen-\ Syrian kind, and is every ways greater, as to the
whole,
I <
tritive, for that though they may have a temperate
Chap. 1.26; . Exghfo | Herbs, pee, I 7 7
whole, but the Stalk is more flender than it, and the Leaves more tender at the oints, thicker; and more finely cut at the tops, on. which fiand large Umbles of white Flowers, divided into man parts, and ie ; ae pe Standing upon long Stalks, which ahés the Seed| XII. The Decottion in Wine. It is an admirable Srows ripe and hard; being long and lender, wil] | Stomatick ; and being drunk to fix or eight See tea Serve very well for Tooth-pickers. Gerard /ays, that | Morning, Noon,. and Night, it opens Obftrutions; in its Leaves, Flowers, and knobby Stalks, it is like |and cleanfes the Reins and Urinary parts of Sand, unto Wild Carrots, Saving that the Leaves are JSome-\ Gravel, finall Stones, and Tartarous Slime lodged what finer cut, or. jagged, and tenderer, but not \in thofe parts; but it is not fall out fo powerful as rough or iin at all, of..a reafonable good Smell, and | the Efi
e
€ hilence. ‘ a @ bitter Taffe, among which rife up bufhy rundles,| XIV. The Spirituous Tinfure: It ftrengthens-the or Jpoky Tufts, like, thofe of the Wild Carrot or
Stomach, -helps Digeftion; chears the Heart, revives Birds Neft, wbich are clofely drawn together, when Spirits, and comforts Univerfal Nature. Dofe the Seed is ripe, at what time the Sharp Needles are
a f{poonful at atime. . ; OR hardned, fit to make Tooth- ickers of, and for which} XV. The Acid Tinture. It fo ; Vomiting, clean- purpofe they very well Vries and $s "hee came | fes the Stomach ‘of Tartar, and Vifcofity, caufes a the Englifh name. . 1: gota | 800d Appetite, and helps Wheezing, Hoarfnefs, and e third kind bas a Root long, white, and | thortnefs of Breath. ; it Cert : bitteri~h, from which Spring up divers. Stalks of | XVI. The Oily Tinkure. It is Nephritick and winged Leaves, very like unto the Conimon or Or-
Diuretick, cleanfes the Reins and Bladder, and fo is dinary Garden Chervil, but not divided into fo many | good = Stone and Si ty. Dofe twenty of per : the Stalk ws round, ftraked and blicki , ae
thirty Drops in White Port Wine. : ! ut a foot and ball high, with Foints and Leaves XVII. The Quilt, Needles, or Tooth-pickers. They like the others. € Umbles of white Flowers, are
ferve to pick and cleanfé the Teeth and Gums of encompaffed about with fmaller and finer cut Leaves; | any thing fticking in them, which they do without when the Flowers are paft, the Umble is contratted any hurt to them, and leave a good {cent in the pth es which are clammy, and in which Lies {mall | Mouth. . ced.
. VI. The Places. They all grow in Syria ; The fecond in ” plentifully : bur with us they are only nourifhed up in Gardens.
Il. The Times. ‘They flower in Fuly and Au- Suf?, and the Seed is ripe in Ofober ; but with us they flower Tate, and t erefore the Seed is much later ; fo that if the Year is not hot and kindly, the seed will fcarcely ripen, or come to perfection with us
XII. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Juices but ftrengthens the Stomach ‘more, and’ is. withal more Diuretick, Dofe three or fous ounces in White Port Wine. .
_—_—
CHAP. CXXVI. Of CHICHLINGS Annual,
a § HE Names. 1 do not find’ that it has any Greek name: The Latins call it Lathyrus, whicli is a kind of Peafe, ( and, differs ftom Lashys 7H, Spurge : ) We in Englifh call it Chichling.
Il. The Kinds. It is either Perennial or Annual + The Perennial we fhall treat of when we come to treat of Peafe Everlafting. The Annual is the fubs jet matter of this Chapter :, They are 1. Lathyrus Annuus major Beticus, The Great Spanifh Armual Chichling. 2. Lathyrus Beticus elegans, Siliquis Orobi, Spanifh party-colored Chichling. 3, Lathys rus major filiqua brevi, The greater fhort-codded Chichling. 4.:Lathyrus minor filiqua brevi, The leffer fhort-codded Chichling. 5. Lashyrus, jrve Cia cercula flore albo, Aracus Dodonei; Ervum Lacuna; Pifum Grecorum Tragi, Ervum album Jatroum Fuchs Jy, Ervum angulofum aliquibus, White tlowred Winged Chichling. 6. Lathyrus, five Cicercula flore purpureo, Aracus five Cicera Dodonei, Purple How- ted Winged Chichling 7. Lathyrus, five Gcercule Betica flore Ceruleo, Aracus Hi fpanicus Camerarip, Cicercula ZEgyptica Clufij, Blew Howred Winged
VIII. The Qualities. They are faid to be tempe- Tate in refpett of heat or cold, and dry in the end of the Second Degree : Aftringent, Stomatick, and Alterative. They are more ufed as Nutriment than Medicine, both in former times and now, for Dio/- corides and Galen fay more concerning their Edible
toperties, being eaten raw or boiled, or otherways ordered, according to feveral Mens liking, for that they are bitterifh, and a little Styptick, and fo the
Quality, as to heat and cold, yet that they have a manifeft bitternef§ and aftringency, by both which Properties, though they may be vety agreeable to the Stomach, yet they are more of the Nature of a Medicine, than of Food ; for that by thofe Proper- ties, they cleanfe and dry up the moift Humors, which by fuperabounding, may offend the Stomach, and by it the Liver, and other %
The Specification. Befides {trengthening the
Stomach, as aforefai ate proper againft Dif- Chichling. 8. Lathyrus, five Cicercula flore rus eafes oF tie Reins, “tae Bladder on to pro-| bente, Red Howred Winged eng 9. Lathy voke Urine. rus, five Cicercula Betica Dumetorum, Wood Chich-
_ K. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, | 1 1. The Fuice. 2: The Effence. 3. The Decottion inWine. 4. The Spirituous Tinfure. 5. The Acid Tintture. 6. The Oily Tinfure. 7. The Quils on swbich the Seed does grow.
ing.
tit The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe has a Root fmall, not running deep nor ar, but perifbing every Year , from whence proceeds two or three flat Stalks, three feet or more long, welted az it were with skins or films on both edges, having two Small
¥ The Virtues. Leaves apiece at each Joint, from whence Shoot forth
: ae the pier gear fae my long and broad
Xl. The liquid Fuice. It is good againft Vomit-| Leeves about % e middle thereof, one oppofite to ano-
ing, and ft io at Stomach.« it provokes U-| ther, with a twining Clafper or Tendrel running rir expels Sand and Gravel from the Reins
between sgh is ieee ar 8 Spsly upon dong er. The Dofe is three or four Ounces, | Footftalks, of a deeper purple color, but leffer. ihan
ads g, in a GlafS of White Port | rhe erennial ; ee ree come long pale eed < : a :. a
Smaller Peale.
178 Salmon’s Herbal, = Lib. L.
re, Cos, very like the Perennial, as the Peafe within ers are white, and fland on long Footftalks 5 which them alfo are. : | being paft away, there comes after them Short Cods.
WV. The fecond has a fmall Root, from whence\ fomewhat flat, with two little narrow films all along
Spring up Branches or Stalks five or fix Feet long,\ the back of them which contain within them Seed, with fuch like Welts, or skinny Membranes on both\ or Peafe, flat, white, and cornered, and fomewhat edges at every Foint, dey whence come ny long \ larger than thofe of the former forts. Leaves, divided at the top into two other fmaller\ III. The fixth in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, and Leaves ; and bigher upwards fet with fix Leaves on\ manner of growing, is like the former: the Flowers both fides : and in the middle between them comes\ and See. chiefly declare the difference , the Flowers forth a fmall Glafper or Tendrel, by which it catches\ are of a-dark dead purple color, and the Cods which bold of every thing which flands next unto it. At\ follow, are fmaller, with films at their backs like the the Foints alfo come forth the Flowers, either one or\ former. The Seed or Peafe within them, are alfo- two at the mofi, upon long Footftalks, like unto the| cornered, but of a dark brown color, fo that they are other kind, the upper Leaf of a fine Crimfon, or ed black in appearance.
Orange color, and the other in the middle oe per-| IX. The feventh bas a {mall fibrons Root perifh- fell White. After the Klowers are paft, comes the| ing as the reft do, every Year , and differs in no- Peafe or Seed in long Cods, every Seed bunching out,| thing from the fifth and fixth, but in the Leaves, as in the Cods of Oxobus, and as large almoft as the| which are much larger , and the Flowers, which are of a pale blew on the outfide, the inner Leaves bein, more blew. The Cods are fmall, and almoft round, winged at the back like the former, in which is con- tained brown cornered Seed.
X. The eighth bas Roots, and Staiks, like the laft, and refembles it in its manner of growing ; but its green Leaves are narrower and longer than thofe,and its Flowers are of a dull dead kind of Orange color; which being paft away, there follows fhort Cods, and omewbat round, with brownish cornered Seed.
XI. The ninth has a fmall fibrous Root as the reft have, from whence there comes forth feveral long, weak Stalks with films on the edges; at the Foints are two fmall Leaves, and from between them come forth the Branches, which have feveral fmall dark grcen Leaves on them, fomewhat round at the ends, and are fometimes three on a fide, and fometimes but two, but not always one againjt another. From the bofom of the Stalk and Branches, come forth com- | monly two Flowers on a long ¥ootftalk, the upper Leaf being reddifh, and the other purplifh, after which come forth long fmooth Cods, without any film at the back, containing within them, round, but fome- what flat Seed, or Peafe, of a brownifh color.
XII. The Places. They all grow in Spain, from whence they were firft brought to us : the firft four grow Wild : the latter five are Manured there : but with us they all grow only in Gardens.
XIII. The Times. They Flower in Fu/y, and the Seed is ripe in Auguft or September.
XIV. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, . and Virtues, axe the fame with our Peafe or Beans, to which we refer you. The five laft Manured forts, Boe! fays, are eaten by the poor People of Spain inttead of Bread ; for where thefe are eaten for Food, feldom any Bread Corn is eaten: They are of a vey folid Subftance, and extreamly Nutritive, and therefore nourifh more than other Grain, but are more hard of Conco€tion.
| Greater short codded Cichling
yr. , Q
V. The third has a fmall flender Root, from whence rifes up feveral Stalks, which lye upon the ground, unlefs fupported by fomething fianding near them: in its manner of growing it differs but little from the former 5 but its Leaves are fometbing longer, turning « little roundifh, almoft Gicle fafbion’d. ‘The Flower bas its inner Leaves white, and the outward fomewhat purplifh, the Cods which follow are thick and fhort, which contain within them, fmall, round, blackifh Peafe.
VI. The fourth differs little from the laft, but on- ly in the fmallnefs of the Plant, and the Cods, ba- ving alittle roughne/s upon them. - ‘
VIL The fifth bas a fmall Fibrous Root, perifhing every Year, from whence fprings up weak Winged Stalks lying along on the ground, if not fupported by fomething near them, like as all the former, ba- ving alfo two fmall Leaves at the Foints, and two others narrower Likewife on the Branches, which ter-
- pinate in divided Clafpers or Tendrels. The Flow-
CHAP. CXXVIL of CHICK WEED Common.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, “Aacwa : In Latin, Alfine : In Englifh, Chickweed.
IL. The Kinds. There are three-principal kinds, _ I. “Arc xowh Alfine Communis, Common Chick- weed. 2. "Aram tudex, Alfine aquatica, Watet of Marfh Chickweed, of which in the next Chi ter. 3. “Arnvn voix, Alfine notha, Baftard ick- weed, of which we fhall treat in Chap. 129. _ _ the Common kind, there is, 1. Adfine ai <i)
Ms. ij
—
a frefh green color. At the Foints alfo, on both
ides of the Stalks .come forth other. Branches, joint- ed and fet with’ the like <fafhioned Leaves in the fame manner, and at the ends of them large, green, round Husks, énding. in five points, with white Flowers growing out of them, confifting of five, and Sometimes of fix tohite Leaves apiece, cut-in at the ends : in which Husks, after the Flowers are pafts ftand {mall round Heads,’ like Berries, green at thé JSirft, and blackifh when they areri e; containing with+ in them many flat, blackifh, purple Seed.’ This Plant has only an herby tafte, like to the Common Chick+ . - 4 — and therefore the Learned Botanifts refer it — | to them. f
— / at ‘tie Becry ly Sy Ue |
ve WV Wea
PONS | mr. \ \ We NY ,
ete =e y LSS G, \ Qn) >
4,
SSS VSss
EX ~ N S\_ ASS i) x - = » (
OS > —~
<gh SVs KES
Strings like hairs, from whence rife up Stalks a foot or
or form, but {mooth, without any batrpnels or downi- nefs, and of a light green color.
le, bein pelt in their places fucceed long Knops, or effels, but not great, containing within them| Vi. The Places. The firft grows almoft every Small yellowifh Seed. where throughout Exg/and, by Highways and Ditch E: IV. The fecond has a Root white, and full alfo of | fides, in moift and watry places, efpecially if the little firings, from whence Spring many Stalks or \ Earth is rich. The fecond is found alfo in many of x ich for the moft part\the like places, as alfo in Gardens, where many ‘ e upon the ground : The Stalks are fmall, round, | times it is a moft pernicious Weed. The /a/?, Clu ie ng, flender, brittle, or- very tenders and jointed ;\ fiws fays, grows in feveral places of Spain and Ger- e from which flender Branches {pring Leaves, refem-\ many ; as alfo in Flanders and Englartd, as Pena Sy bling the precedent, but much if as is likewife the | and Lobel fay ; Parkinfon fays, that he had fome- attains to the great-| times found it by Hedge fides in our own Land.
nefs of the former, ,. the Flowers are alfo in like| — VXI. The Times. Chickweed is moftly green in manner white and {mall, ag in like fafbioned | Winter , they Flower in Spring and Summer ; and
green long husks. which being pel, the faid Husks | their Seed is ripe in Fune and Fuly: _ os “Rieke Small Pegg 9 eed. VIII. The Qualities. They are cold. and moift in V. third bas a Root which is white and long, | the fecond Degree : Emollient, Arthritick, Ancdyn, creeping much under ground, and fhooting forth in} and Alterative : Galen and Oribafius fay, they are
divers places every year new fhoots, the old dying }without any Aftringent Quality. away every Tear : from this Root come forth many) YX. The § cification. Their Juice is peculiar a- | flexible Branches full of Joints, rifing higher than |gainft the Infaation ealled St. Anthonies er ? SOA ag ; Pee a2 The
| |
100 Salmons
X. Lhe Preparations. You may have therefrom,
lia
The Virtues.
XI. The Faice. It is very Cooling and Emollient, without any binding property. Galen and others fay, that it has the Virtues of Pe/litory of the Wall; but that I doubt ; however it is commonly found to be as eifeStual as Pwrflain to all the fes whereunto that ferves, except for Meat or Sileting only. Applied with Cloths or Spunges dipped therein, to the Region of the Liver, and as they dry, to have frefh applied, does wonderfully attemperate the heat of the Liver. The fame alfo is effeCtual for all hot Apofterns and Tumors whetefoever, and is B ye negro againkt Ignis facer, or Anthonies Fire, and the like ; as alfo for all rednefs of the Face, Wheals, Pufhes, Itch, Scabs, either fimply ufed, or made into an Ointment with Lard. It is good for all heat and rednef$ of the Eyes, being dropt into them ; alfo put into the Ears warm, it eafes their pain proceedzng from a hot caufe. The Piles bath- ed, or fomented therewith, it abates their pain, and takes away their heat and fharpnefS, and eafes all other pains of the Body proceeding from heat and fharpnefs of Humors. Jt is good agairft hot and virulent Sores and Ulcers in the Privy Parts; Legs, or elfewhere, they being often _wafhed therewith.
XIL. The Effence. \t cools Inflammations of the’ Lungs, without any binding property, and takes away the heat of the Stomach and Liver, breaking out into the Lips, caufes Appetite, being loft thro’ too much heat, is prevalent againft He€tick Fevers, as alfo the heat and pain in the Back, and the fharp- nef§ and fcalding of Urine. Dofe from one to two or three ounces Morning and Night.
XIII. The Diftilled Water. It has the Virtues of the Juice, but much lef effe€tual ; and may be ufed as a Vehicle to take the Effence in.
XIV. The Oi/. Made by boiling the Herb in Oil Olive, till it is crifp, and repeating it three or four times with frefh Herbs, it heals fore Legs, Ulcers, Wheals, Pufhes, Scabs, and the like : and being an- ointed upon fhrunk up Sinews, it exterids them, eafes their pains, and makes them pliable again.
XV. The Cataplafm.’ Be of Chickweed four hand- fuls: Marfk-mallows, two handfuls; mix arid boil them to a Pultife, with Eenugreek Seed, Linfeed, ana, two ounces, bruifed. This applied to Tumors, or Apoftems, ripens and breaks thet, alfwages the Swelling, and eafes the Pain.
XVI. The Compound Oil. Take green Chickweed, Srefh Red Rofe Leaves, of each two bandfuls : Oil of Trotters, two pounds : boil till they are crifp, and firain out : repeat this boiling with frefh Chickweed,
- ‘and Red Rofe Leaves, twice more: ftrain out, and
keep it for ufe. Being anointed warm, and well rubbed in upon Sinews which are ftrained, it is a moft excellent thing : Let it be ufed Morning and Evening, and in a little time the Patient will be
cured.
XVII. The Virtues of the Alfine Baccifera. Some Authors fay, that-it is no lef$ fatal to be eaten than the fleepy Nigbibade : but others fay, of the Cacu- bulum Pliniy otherwife : and that if the Leaves thereof be beaten with fome Vinegar, and applied to the place {tung with Scorpions or Serpents, it helps them: And that the Juice thereof taken, with twice
Forehead and Temples : and that. being i to 1. A Juice. 2 An Effence. 3. A Diftilled Wa-) Wens or Kernels, or they bathed often with its uiice, oats 4: AnOil. 5..A Cataplafm. 6. A Compound \it diffolves them. :
pia major , and Nas Ce 5+ Alfine
Floral. __, labs
CHAP. CXXVIIL. of CHICK WEED, Water.
fmalleft Water Chickweed. "4. "Arar Gardacis, Ale ine marina, Sea Chickweed : Lobel calls it, Hi
rela, flore Ceruleo, Upright blew Chickweed. There is another which fome account a Sea Chick. weed, viz. Alfine Paluftris mor folio oblongo, which others more properly call, Portulaca marina, Sea Purflain, and under that Title you will find
lt.
III. The Deferiptions. The sirft of thefe has a : creeping Root, fools out pe ad Eb ‘= long, and ef the thicknefs of aWheat Straw, mot much unlike to the Roots of Quiteh- frm whence rife up divers upright Stalks, flender, amd jointed from the bottom to the tep,. a af large fharp pointed Leaves, ftanding ins at ot > tain diftances, fomewhat like thofe of Pellitory of pe the Wall. Ar the tops of the Stalks grow fimall white atts like to the otber Chickweeds, or to Stitchwort; but Jeffers baving many, Mt ed Leaves in each ih afer aa ich come fimall whitifh yellow Seed. ila
IV. ‘The fecond of thefe bas a bunchy,
as much honied Wine, it eafes the pains of the| from whence feveral tweak -and tender Back and Loins; alfo the-Head-ach ( from a hot |p, jointed the former, and with L
cauie ) if it is applied with Rofe Water to the! Joints, as im the other, not imuch aml
. ' ‘ Ps |
and b Chapt bigh, full them, of a
iguefs to the Leffer Chickweed, in the former up many weak and tender creeping Branches, fit The Stalks rife up fometimes to be a yard] with two narrot Jharp pointed Leaves at each Foint, of Branches, and fuall long Leaves on green above, and of a whitifh color below 3 at the The Flowers are many,| fetting on of thefe Leaves grow fmall Veffels pases ranches are {mall and) as it were into two, with a little creft on eac vote, confifting of five Leav follows in Husk faiall yellow
er.
Jin
A.)
alest
) pale green Color. which at the tops of the B white.
~ .
VY. The third, or fralle,
a* %.
«jul
es My)
es apiece, after which} in which Capfule are contained very fmall Seed. ifh Seed. - VI. The fourth, or Alfine marina, as dbunchy and
a thready Root as fome of the former, which fends forth Chick weed
FS
Rind, Sexpillifoliis, has | Virtues, are the fame with thofe in the former ‘Root, with many fibr Sal iy: .
Side;
for the moft part Branches lying upon the ground, very
like unto the leffer fort of Chickweed in the. ormer Chapter, but that the Stalks are Shorter, and thicker; — | and chofer Fointed, with Chickweed hike Leaves on
them, yet thicker, ‘and whiter : The Flowers ai
ftand at the tops of the Branches, and are compofed
of many fall Leaves in form of a Star , which be-
ing paft away, the Seed Velfels follow , which are
long and round like the others, but flat, and fome-
what broad, in which are contained three or four | &reater Seeds. ane.
Cea "4
A, me 71
Sea chick weed. XY }
ns SY SY ~A Z Suis \)
VII. The fifth bas a Root white and long, with fome fibres thereat, from whence rife up for the moff part Several upright Stalks or Branches, jointed in feves ral places, and divers {mall Leaves growing theres on at the manifold Foints, fomewhat divided like
'| wato Leaves of Rue, and a little refembling aTre« foil Leaf : at the tops of the Foints come forth {malt blew Flowers, con jin of four Leaves apiece : which being paft away, there appears fmall round Chick weed like Heads or Husks, with final! Seed therein.
VU. The Places. The firft three, and the fifth, ate found to grow in or near Watets, and Watr places in moft Parts of Egland.- The Serpillifolia may be found in Watry places, between Clapham Heath and Touring, and berween Kentifh Town and Hamftead. And the fourth grows neat the Sea fhore, and in Salt Marfhy places, upon fereral Coatts of this Kingdom.
IX. The Times. Theit Flowering time is in the heat of Summer, and their Seed ripens inthe mean Seafon, and in a little tithe after.
X._ The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
whence fpring \Chapter, to which we refer you. th CHAP,
ae eel 24 u
102 Salmon’'s Herbal. Lib. |. aa and confift of five {mall blew round pointed Leaves ; which being paft away, round Heads or Husks ap-
pear, in which is contained fmall Chickweed like Seed, ‘
CHAP. CXXIx.
Of CHICK WEED, Baftard.
1. a ae E Names. It is called in Greek, “Axon _ vin: In Latin, Alfine notba , and in Eng- lifh, Baftard Chickweed. IL The Kinds. There are many kinds hereof, but thefe following are chief, 1. <Ad/ine foliis fub- rotundis Veronice, Speedwell Chickweed. 2. A/- Jine folio Triffaginis, Germander leay’d Chickweed. 3. Alfine fpuria prior Dodongi, Alfine folio bederu- le minor, Vy \eav’d Chickweed. 4. Alfne hirfutia foliis Auricule Muris, Hairy Chickweed, with Moufe Ear Leaves. 5. A//ine Vifeosa, Clammy Chickweed. 6. Alfine Petrea, Stone or Rock ae Sel 7: Alfine fluviatilis, River Chick- Ww
VI. The fourth, or Hairy leav’d Chickweed, has avery fmall Root, with a few Fibres at it, from which {pring up feveral hairy Stalks or Branches,
Ye4)
Kp A 8 y NACL 7] Ly) ee NS > AE! 4 ix ki W/W ate 4 y VENTS x. a
(edie which cree, "pen the ground , upon which grow in =~ Zev . 7
TING pairs, fmall, long, whitifh, boary Leaves, of a Moufe ZINN VOR CYS Ear like fafhion : the Flowers grow at the ends of
the Branches, of a blufh -color, which give long and pointed Seed Veffels, in which is contained fmall Seed, like that of the Common Chickweed.
VIL. The fitth, or» Clammy Chickweed, has a Small fibrous Root, from whence come forth Branches,
Ill. The Deferiptions. The firft of thefe has a| which ftand more upright than the laft, with rough, Small and thready Root, which perifhes not in the | bairy, and clammy Leaves, fomewhat like the Common Winter ; from whence many Branches {pring up, Chickweeds, but of a more blewifh green. The and fpread abroad, full of fmall and almoft round | Elowers are fmall and white, and fcarcely oer them- Leaves, fet in couples or pairs, very like to thofe|felves but in the hot time 73 the day, flanding at the of Veronica, or Pauls Betony, called Speedwell, bur | tops of the Stalks, which from the middle upwards not like to Elatine or Fluellin of any kind. The | are fo clammy, that they will flick to ones Fingers, if Flowers grow at the Foints with the Leaves, from| touched, whereby they are apt to catch Eiies, and other the middle of the Branches upwards, being very | {mall things which fal upon them,
Small, made of five blew Leaves, after which come Jfmall flat Seed Veffels like- Pouches, in which is con- tained {mall round yellowifh Seed.
IV, The fecond has a {mall long Root, full of many Sibres or threads, which continue all the Winter, from which come forth feveral fmall weak Branches Spreading upon the ground, three or four Inches Jong, a with {mall and fomewbat round Leaves, which are dented about the edges, and poet at the ends, flanding by couples one againft another : At the Joints whereof towards the tops, come forth fmall blew Flowers, and fometimes white, confifting of five round pointed Leaves after which fucceed Small round Seed Veffels, two always joined together, having {mall round Seed within them.
. Ihe thitd or Ivy leav’d Chickweed, bas a Small and thready Root, from whence rife up hairy tender Stalks or Branches, many of which fpread themfelves upon the ground, fet with two Leaves at sen, hairy and Tuy like, but nothing fo large.
ke Leaves, fays Gerard, refemble the Back of a Bee when it flies. The Howers grow at the tops,
firings, from whence rife up many fmall tender
preading and creeping on the Earth, with long flens er Branches, or Strings, like to the Suaw Plant, which take Root again, and fhoot forth many Leaves. Thefe Leaves are five in number, ( fome+ times feven, though but rarely ) long, finely Frese about the edges, and ending in a pretty fharp point, fomewhat bard, and of a lightifh green color. The Stalks are flender, leaning downwards, and bear ma-
VIII. The fixth, or Stone Chickweed, bas a /malli and thready Root, which fends forth many fmall and upright Branches, thick fet , which fo interfere one with another, that the whole Plant ( which is indeed but a fmall Herb ) feems like unto a {mall Bufh. The Leaves are {mall and pointed ; and the Flowers {mall and white, like the other Small Chickweeds. Which being paft away, round Heads or Husks come forth, like unto thofe of Line or Elax, in which the Seed, ( which is very fmall ) is contained.
IX. The feventh 7 2 Baftard kind of Chickweed, growing by River fides., it %.avery fmall Plant, but bas an admirable thick matted Root, like a Haf- fock, made up of a vaft number of fibrous or thready
in the middle, flanding about a fmooth green Head, which when it #% we is a little rough, and contains ‘mall brownifh Seed, Sy
Branches, Rretching or trailing along the Siream, upon which grow long Leaves, having a long middle Rib, upon which grows on each fide thereof a great jean | other {maller Leaves, like thofe of Lentils, or the Wild Vetch. The Flowers grow at the tops of the Stalks, which are fmall and white, after which comes in busky Heads a {mall Seed.
X. The Places. The fixth grows on Mountains, and in Stoney and Rocky places : the feventh grows in Rivers : the others grow in Fields, as well ‘I7//d, as Untill’d, and by Way fides, &c.
XI. The Times. They do all Flower in Summer, fome in the latver end of May , and fome in Fume} and Fu/y ; fome earlier, and {ome later than others ; and their Seed is ripe quickly after; but the fourth or hairy Chickweed Flowers not till Autumn. +
XIU The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, and Virtues, Authors aflent to be the’ rs With thofe of the Common Chickweed, to which you are referred ; and therefore we fhall fay no more of them in this place. "
CHAP. CXXx. of CINKFOIL.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Merntpua-
nop : In Latin, Pentaphyllum, and Quinque- folium, 4 numero foliorum : \n Englifh, Cinkfoil, and Five-leav’d Grafs.
Il. The Kinds. Authors make at leaft fixteen Kinds, or more ; many of which grow not in Exg- land, nor any place belonging to our Territories : The moft ufual with us are, 1. Pentaphyllum Vul- gatiffimum, Our moft Common Cinkfoil. 2. Pen- tapbyllum majus album Vulgare, The Greater Com- mon white Cinkfoil. 3. Pentaphyllon.magnum flore luteo vel albo. The Great Common’ Cinkfoil with a white or yellow Flower. 4. Pentaphy/lum rubrum Paluftre, Red Marth Cinkfoil. 5. Pentaphyllum fu- pinum Potentille facie, Low Silver-weed Cinkfoil. 6. pearly incanumrepens majus &F minus, The Greater and LefS creeping hoary Cinkfoil. 7. Pemta- bate rettum majus 7 minus,he Greater and Leffer
pright Cinkfoil. ‘The firlt of thefe is called general-
sie" ay | \ 2
ly by all, Peatapbyllum, or Quinguefolium vulgare, and leuinquefolivnt maj us shear Babine camara Cinkfoil.. The fecond, Quinquefolium album, and Quinguefolium album majus alterum Baubini. . The third is called, Quinquefolium album majus caulef- cens Baubini. caer
Ill. The Deftriptions. The firlt has a Root of a pad brown color, very rarely fo large as ones lit- tle Finger, but growing long, with feveral Fibres ming from it; and by which fmall firings it ) fpreads over the place it grows on: From s Ro t rifes up feveral weak Stalks, lying on,
» r evs a ‘ >
re = SSNS :
= eS White Gukfeil ‘
ny fmall yellow: Flowers, with fome yellow threads °
eee. SO ele Oe
IV. The
104 Salmons
__IV. The fecondhas a Root thick and long, black- UP on the out Side, but reddifh within, having many Sires appertaining to it. From whence fpring forth Stalks with many Leaves, alfo Leaves growing from the Root. The Stalks are ‘ou weak, and a little boary, and the Leaves {pringing from them are five- fold, or divided into five parts, alittle dented and pointed at the ends, green on the upper fide, and a kind of hoary white underneath : between thefe
aves grow weak Branches, leaning down to the round near a foot long, with many fuch like Leaves on them, but leffer than thofe below. ~ ‘The Flowers are about the largenefs of the former, but not full out fo large as the next following, of a white color, confifting of five rounder pointed Leaves than the others are, having a nick in the middle, and feveral Small yellow threads in the middle of the Flower, fet with a wool- ly Head, having many fmall Seeds fet together like unto a Crowfoot head of Seed. Of this kind there % another whofe green Leaves are not dented about the edges, little differing in any thing elfe.
V. The third bas a Root Somewhat thick and long, of a blackifP brown color without, and reddifb with- ia: From this Root fpring forth many Leaves, alfo Stalks or Branches, the Leaves ftand upon their own Stalks, and are divided into five parts, as if they were five feveral Leaves, dented about the edges, and almof? fharp fpr very like to the firft er Common Cinkfoil, but shat thefe are every ways larger, and a little hairy , from which rife up firait or upright Stalks for a while, till they are grown up to a confiderable length, then they incline, or lean fomewhat down towards the ground, as beth the former do. Thefe Stalks are a little hairy alfo, and divided near their tops into two or three Branches, and they again into others fmaller ; upon the tops of every one of which grows one Flower, of a white co- lor, and larger than in either of the former, confift- ing of five Leaves, as all the other forts do ; in the middle of which ftands a fmall downy head, encom- puffed with many reddifh yellow threads. This kind,
Says Gerard, is fo common, and fo univerfally known, that he thought it needlefs to give any Defcription thereof. Johnfon upon Gerard fays, it has many long flender Stalks lying fpread upon the ground, out of which grow Leaves, made of five longifh {nipt Leaves, faftned to one long Feotftalk , the Elowers alfo grow upon the like Footftalks, and are .compofed of five yellow Leaves. The Root is pretty large, of a reddifh color, and round, but dryed, it becomes
“are. fiw The fourth, or Marjh kind, bas a Root of a Woody fubftance, with fome fibres, or thready ftrings adjoining thereto: From which Root rife up Leaves almoft like to the former, confifling of five parts, notcht about the edges, and ftanding clofe together at their lower ends, upon one long Footftalk : the Stalks are about a foot and balf high, and of a red- difh color, The Flowers grow at the tops of the Stalks, like unto the other Cinkfoils, fave that they are of a dark red color , in a word the whole Plant as very like to the other kinds, efpecially the great Kind loft before this defcribed.
VIL. The fifth or Silver-weed Cinkfoil, has a2 Root Small, long, and blackifh, like the firft Common Cinkfoil : from which fprings forth long Stalks of
' Leaves, divided into many parts next the ground, fet
on each fide thereof, two at a pace, one againft ano- ther, a an odd se at the end, all of them dented about the edges, very like unto Wild anfey Leaves, but not hoary, or ioe like, as they are, but only green. The Flowers come forth at the Foints with the Leaves, towards the tops of the Stalks, which Stalks creep not, nor ftand uprighy, but being weak lean down towards the ground, having very long
ee ee
flender Root. Woody, from whence ri ;
Herbal. > Lib. Stalks of Leaves on them. The Flowers which grow on the tops of the Stalks, are leffer, and lefs divi- ded than thofe which grow below : they are fingle, — every one by its felf, futall, of a pale yellow color, and with a head in the middle, which after it is ripe, is
like unto the other Cinkfoil heads of Seed, viz. lke to a fmall, bard, dry Surawberry.
Cinkjol unt wild tanfie leaves
NY f We
—/
a , \ {
NY} ZF . Viiy? yy
A
eS oe
Cink foile yf Hamp
VIII. The fixth, or Hoary Kind, is ail over boar, whence it be name o paste : It: ha: To
EP Pr PE
Chap. I
veral woody thick Stalks, fomewhat red, wrinkled alfo, and of a brown color, which grow of unequal lengths from the Root, {preading themfe/ves into ma- ny Branches, fhadowing the hei where it grows. The Leaves are thick fet, and fnipt on the edges, al- moft like Tormentil, and aré thought by fome to be
and other moift places, -an
of equal force with it agdinft Popfon, and for which em Some bave thought to tthe Leucas Diof- coridis. ‘Ihe Flowers ftand alfo upon long Footftalks, and confift of five yellow Leaves apiece, having a yellow thrummy'head in thé middle ké to thé other
-Cinkfoils ; This is twofold, viz. the Greater, and
Leffer, which differ in nothing but in their mag- nitude. :
black fibrous Root, from. which {pring forth Leaves and Stalks : the Leaves fiand upon long Foot talks ; thé Stalks are ftrong and upright, not much above half a yard high, fpreading forth feveral ways into divers Branehes. The Leaves are fomewbat longer, larger, and greener than any of the former kinds, ftand upon long Kootflalks, and are divided into five parts, as the others, and dented about the edges ; fome- times into feven, but that more rarely, having three Leaves only at the top. The Hlowers grow at the tops of the Stalks, which are large, and of a pale yellow color, and in fome Plants of a purplifh color, which turn into Seed, much as the other kinds do:
this # the Greater kind. But there # a Lefer of
this Upright Kind, which bas fmaller and rounder Leaves, of a fad green color on the upper fide, and grey or hoary underneath, the Stalks are tenderer, and lower, the Flowers on the tops {maller, and ¢. a
more Gold yellow color, in which confifts the chief
difference.
X. The Places. The fof grows almoft every where throughout Exg/and, by Highway fides, Ditch fides, and other Untilled places. The /econd is tound in fhady and woot places, under Hedges,
by Highway fides. The third is to be found growing almoft every where upon good Ground, by Highways, and in low and moift Meadows. ‘The fourth grows in Moift and Marfh Grounds, and in Watry places; ,it grows in a Marfh Ground adjoining to the Land called Bourn Ponds, half a Mile from Colchefter, from which place, Gerard fays, he brought fome Plants for his Garden, in which they flourifhed and profpered well. The fifth,Gerard fays, grew upon Brick and
Stone Walls about London. The fixth, Gerard
fays, is a rare Plant, and that he found it growing on the Mountains of the Peak, and dry Gravelly
Valleys. The /eventh grows in many places of
France and Germany, where it bears white Flow- ers ; and in Jsa/y, where the Flowers are pur-
plifh ; but with us it is only nourifh’d up in Gar-
ens,
XI. The Times. They are faid to Flower all the Summer Months, as May, Fune and Fuly; even trom the beginning of May ; and the Seed ripens in the mean Seafon.
XII. The Qualities. The Cinkfoils are Temperate in refpe€t of heat or coldnefS, but dry in the third Degree. They are Abfterfive, Neurotick, Arthri- tick, Alterative, Analeptick, and Alexipharmick. Although it is oy aco by Authors, that they have all one and the fame Virtues, yet it is manifett, that fome of them are ftronger, and more efficaci- ous than others. Thofe which are eftemed the moft powerful, are the fir/t, fecond, third, and /e- venth, thefe are the chiefeft for ufe, and ftrongeft in effect, of all the reft,and are held to beas effettu- al for all the purpofes whereunto Tormenti/ is ap- plied, fo that inftead thereof, and where that is wanting, Cinkfoil fays Parkinfon ) may be ufed to
as good purpofe,
IX. The feventh, or Upright Kind, bas a thick
for fore Mouths, Ulcers, Cank
» The Virtues,
XV. The Fiice. It is good againft all forts of Agues and Fevers, whether Continent, Continual or Contermitting : whether they be burning. Fevers only, Malign, or Peftilential’ “ It cools and attem perates the Blood, and Humors, and is an excellent thing fora Lotion, Inje€tion, en and the like,
ers, Fiftula’s, and othe corrupt, foul, and running Sores. The Juice is given to four ounces at a time, for forme Days together, two or three Hours betore the coming of the Fir of an Ague, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, it is faid to cure it, but it ought to be drank Morn: ing and Evening in the intermediate Days alfo. And taken in the fame quantity fof the fame time, viz. for thirty Days together, it cures the Falling SicknefS, as alfo the Quinfey, and Yellow Jaundice, and all Fluxes in Man or Woman, as Whites, Reds, and Bloody Flux, Diarrhza, &c. The Juice mixt with a little Honey, prevails againft Hoarfnefs, as alfo the Cough of the Lungs.
XVI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, but more effeftual to all the purpofes afore: faid ; befides which it is very effe€tudl to cure Confumptions of all forts, and to heal Ulcers of the Lungs : And if the hands be often wafhed there with, and it is fuffered every time to dry in of it felf; without wiping, it will in a fhort time help the Palfie, or fhaking of them. :
XVII. The Infufton or Decoftion in Red Port Wine, They have the Virtues of the liquid Juice and Ef fence, but not all out fo effetual: yet however they are very powerful againft all foits of Fluxes of the Bowels: But where there is a fharpnefs of Humors, the Decoftion is beft made in Milk: The Decottis on outwardly applied, and inwardly drank as a Diet drink, very much contributes to the Cure of the Gout and Sciatica; as alfo to confolidate Ruptures of the Bowels.
XVII. The Pouder of the Root. Taken to'a dram Morning and Night, it is good againft Fluxes of the
Belly, {picting and piffling of Blood; Ruptures, and
Agues of all forts ; but it ought alfo to be given over and above on the day the Ague comes, three hours before the Fit, ina Glaf$ of Red Port, or Red Horence Wine.
XIX. The Vinegar. The Roots boiled in Vinegar, and that held in the Mouth, is faid to eafe the
ains of the Teeth : italfo is good againft all forts of
odes, Kernels, hard Swellings, and Excreftences growing in the Flefh, in any part, being applied thereunto. Itallays all kinds of Inflammations, and alleviates Anthonies Fire and the Shingles ; it pie- vails againft Apoftems, and painful Sores or Ulcers, attended with pain and putrefa€tion, as alfo all o- ther kinds of running Sores, Ulcers, Foul Scabs, Itch, 7c. It gives eafe in pains of the Joints, and the Gout, whether in the Hips, Hands or Feet. Ir is alfo good againit bruifes, or hurts by blows, fulls, or the like, and to ftop the bleeding of Wounds in
any part inward or outward. Bb XX. The
STS
Sauiacs Eee iraad, aera .
196 Salmon’s Herbal. . Lib. j
to us, and therefore not to be taken notice of: Thofe which are Natives of our Countrey are chief: ly three: 1. Helianthemum Vulgare, Chamacillus Hore luteo, Flos Solis quorundam, Our Common Dwarf Ciftus, or fmall Sun Flower. 2. He/janthe- mum flore albo, White Dwarf Ciftus. 3. Chame- ai Serpilli folizs flore Carneco, The Great Dwarf “iftus with Wild Time Leaves, and a bluth colored flower.
XX. The Catepla m, Made with Vinegar by boiling, and applied, it foftens hard Tumors, is good againft-Conuufions, ftops the Flux of Humors to ee and gives eafe in the Gout.
XXL. The Difiiled Water. \t has fome {mall fatter of the Virtues of the Juice, Effence and De- cottion ; but is chiefly ufed as a Vehicle, to convey other Preparations in.
Pay i Spirituous Tighe. It is u Page hing againft all manner of Fluxes of Belly an ‘Womb, but efpecially thofe of Blood ; it {tops {pit- ting, vomiting and piling of Blood, and wondertul-. ly itrengthens the Stomach, Bowels and Womb; and if timely and prudently given, prevails againft a Diabetes, becaufe by its Bitioooas Nature, it fo admirably ftrengthens all the Veflels and Patfages. Dofe two drams Morning and Night.
XXII. The Acid Tindure. It has all the Vir- tues of the Vinegar at Sedf. 19. aforgoing, ‘befides' which it is an excellent Stomatick, {tops Vomiting,
———
4; ~
\\’
<r \ Dy - ‘ t/)
matter. ~ XXV. The Balfam or Ointment. It digefts con- tufed Wounds ; cleanfes old, putrid, running Sores and Ulcers, drys them, and fuddenly heals them. There are but few better Vulneraries than this Bal- fam and Ointment ; and being applied to the Gout, efpecially the Balfam, it eafes the pain, and fo.ef-| IJ. The Defcriptions. The firft bas a hard and fettually draws torch the Morbifick matter, that | woody Root, of a brownish color, and growing im time for the moft part the Patient remains perfectly | 10 be fomewhat great, and very long, and divided imo cured. : : mall Branches at the lower end: Yrom this Root
XXVI. The Colhrjum. It is made of the Juice [come forth feveral {mall and weak, yet bard and a/-
mixed with Honey ; a quarter of a pound of Honey | mof? woody Branches, lying for the moft part round to a pint of the Juice. Put into the Eyes, it clears | about the Head of the Root upon the Ground, on the fight, and {tops Huxes of Rheum falling down | which grow by pairs, many fmall and fomewhat lom into them : there is nothing better for curing Ul-| Leaves, thick, fat, and full of fubftance, a little foft cers in that part, the Eye being wafhed therewith | or hairy, or covered with a foft Down, with other jmall three or four times a day. It is alfo an excellent | Leaves alfo growing between them: at the tops Lotion to heal a fore and ulcerated Mouth, as alfo | whercof fland three or four fmall pale yellow, and Ulcers in the Throat and Gums, the parts affected | fometimes gold yellow colored Flowers, confifting of being often Gargled and Wafhed therewith : and | five round pointed Leaves apiece, with fome_ yellow if the fore or Ulcer feems to be inveterate, or pu- | threads in the middle, of a pretty favor or fmell in trid, the Col//yrium will be fo much the more excel- | fome places, but lefs or none in others : which be- lent, if to the former quantity two or three ounces | ing paft away, there follow fmall round Heads, in of Common Spirit of Wine be added. which are contained fmall yellow Secd. This Plant dies not, but continues many years, increafing in tts Branches, which yield a Vifcous or Mucilaginous Fuice, like unto Comfrey, and # of an Axftere, Aftringent tafte.
IV. The fecond has a Root like the former, and differs not much from it, but that it grows up fome- what higher, the Leques are a little longer, and not Jo thick fet together, alfo more Woolly and Downey, thereby obtaining a whiter color. The Flower has the Same number of Leaves, is alfo fomewhat longer, and
CHAP. CXXXL Of CIS TUS Dwarf.
I, HE Names. It wares in Gosek, in Sted ‘ nary!
wor © Xapadus@ : In Latin, Helanthemum | white withal , being in fome places a little fweet, m
and Chamacifius: In Englife, Dwarf Gftus, and | others litle or a at Ai ; and et ufie is Small Sun-flower. a | Aftringent like the former.
Il. The Kinds.. Parkinfon makes Nine Kinds of} V. Ihe third has a Root very Fibrous, Spreating
difh
this Plant, but a great part of them are Foreigners | much under Gound : from whence rife up many re
. {pet of heat or coldnefs, and dryin the fecond De-
ie Juice, befides which it is powerful to Wath
“to. which Comfrey is proper. «XIII. The Decottion in Red Wine. It has all the
* XIV..The Pouder of the Leaves. Ic is wonder- fully. aftringent; drys up moifture in running Ulcers, cleanfés“and. heals : it is a péculiar- thing againit {pitting and piffing of Blood, and the Difeafe val- pe Disieten Dofe one dram, in fome proper Ve- icle. . ERs x | XV. The Diftilled Water. It is faid to bea good Cofinetick, to beautify or make fair the skin of the Face, Neck, Breafts, and Hands, or of any other Parts of the Body. as i XVI. The: Spirituois Tin@ure.. It has the Vir- tues-of'the Juice, Effence, and Deco€tion, befides which it is good againft the ftinging or biting of any Venomous Creature, {topping the farther fpread- ing of the Poyfon,’ and in_a fhort time curing thé fick. .» Doferone or two drams in a Glaf$ of Cana- ty, Morning, Noon, and Night.
XVII. ‘The Acid Tin@ure. It prevails againft the Malfgnity and Venom of Serpents, or the bitings. of any other evil Beaft : it i$ good againft malign Fevers, and the Infettior of the Plague, and of any other malign or infe€tious Difeafe : it may be iné wardly taken, and outwardly applied, in any of the cafes aforefaid, where outward applications are re- quifite. It is gocd againft a Lewce, or Spotted Le: profie, Scurf; Morphew, and fuch like, if it is mix- ed with the Diftilled Water, and then the parts af fetted to be Wathed therewith. ;
XVIIL The Syrep. It is an in¢omparable thing againft Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, or {harp and Salt diftillations of Rheum, and fpitting of Blood, alfo all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels. Dofé two {poon- fuls bn fome proper Vehicle, Morning, Noon, and
ightwo so
“XIX.. The Balfam or Ointment. They are shoft incomparable Vulneraries, fo that few Medicaments exceed them. They not only f{peedily cure Green Wounds by conglutination, but aif digeft Lacerated Wounds, and cheanfé, incarnate, dry, and heal,,old, foul, hollow, running Ulcers.
XX The Cataplafm. Being applied, it is good againft the biting or ftinging ot any Venomous Crea- ture, ftaying the farther fpreading of the maligni- ty. Applied alfo in the Gout, from what caute foe ever, it eafes the pain, prevents the deHuxion, and quickly cures it.
difh Branches like unto Wild Time, with Such like Small Leaves fet upon them very thick, or as it were in a double row, of a dark'green-color, and 4 little: hairy oF downey withal, but -a little longer and whi-| ter next unto the Flowers, which: ftand three or four together, every one on a pretty long hairy Footftalk, confifting of five fue ‘yellow Leaves, like unto the other, and fomewhat fweet ob
VI. The Places..-They: all- grow in divers places of England, but the firft and_fecond more efpecially in Kent, in almoft all places throughout it, which in fome places are:gteater than in others ; but that with the white Flower is more rare to be met with than’the other... The third is that which Parkinfon thinks. is moft ufual with. us: in England. «Gerard fays, that thofe of our Exg/ifh growth, he has found in many places, efpecially aba Chalky’ Banks about Gravefend and Southfleet in Kent;-and for the moft -part all the way from thence to. Canter- bury and Dover’, they delighting to ‘grow in rough, dry, and Sunny ‘places in open Fields, and upon Mountains. oe ae
VIL. The Times. ‘They Flower. in Summer, viz. in Fune, Fuly and Auguft ,; fome earlier, and fome later: but ‘fees Flowers are fo foon fading, that they feldom endure above a day or two { and their Seed is perfe&ted in fome fmall time after.
VIII. The Qualities. They are temperate in re-
ee: Abfterfive, Aftringent, Vulnerary, Neurotick, ienedtee and Alexipharmick. . rs
IX. The: Specification. They are peculiar for ftanching Blood, and ftopping all Fluxes of Blood in any part of the Body whatfoever, whether Inward or Outward. - X&. The Preparations. You may prepare. there- from, 1. Adiquid Fuice. 2. An Effence..3. A De- cottion. 4.APouder. §. ADiftilled Water. 6.4 Spirituous Tintlure..7. An Acid Tintture. 8. A Syrup. 9. A Balfam.or Ointment. 10. A Cata-
plafm. R The Virtues.
XI. The liquid Fuice. Ic dries and aftringes, ftops bleeding, fpitting Blood, piffing Blood, overtlow- ing of the Terms, and all other fluxes of Blood, and heals Wounds, by Aenprhening the Parts, and con- joining their Lips together :-it prevails alfo againft all manner of fluxes of the Belly, and confolidates Ruptures. Dofe from one ounce to three in a GlafS of Red Port Wine.
. XIL The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Sp
C HAP, --GXXXE
Of CISTUS Male,
and Gargle fore Mouths and Throats, and to hél them ; as alfo to cure Ulcers in the Privy Parts of Man: or Woman, and old running Sores in other parts of the Body, as in.the Legs and Feet, which have been of a long ftanding, and which by reafon they are depending parts, by a defluxion of moift and fharp sana are kept long from healing ; It is alfo good againit Coughs, Colds, and violent Ca- tarrhs, or defluxions of Rheum, which induces, by bir erep Confumption. it cleanfes, drys, and heals old: and Conglutinates the Lips ‘of
L HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kis@
dipevxts : In Latin, Gflus mas: And in Englifh, Male Ciflus, Sage Rofe, and Holly Rofe, as Gerard calls it.
Il. The Kinds. It is either Ma/e, of which in thig Chapter: Or, Fema/e, of which in the next. Par- kinfon toakes four feveral kinds thereof, of which the firft of them, viz. Ciffus mas, or Male Ciftus, is the chief which grows with us.
I. The Defcription. Is bas a woody Root, and
Green'V ohisia: hesaule it is very powerful in con-| wi// abide. fome-years with. us, if care be taken to folidating; binding and ftrengthening any rte and | keep it from the extremity of our cold Winters, is as eftetual as Comfrey for Ruptures, ftrengthen-| which it will fcarcely endure. From this Root grows
up a foribby Plant, about a yard or more bigh, bas ving many flender, brittle, woody Branches, covered with a whitifh Bark’; on which grow many whitifh green Leaves, long, and fomething narrow, crums pled, or wrinkled, as it were, with Veins, and fome+
wohat hard in bandling, feral the older Leaves, Bh
ing weak Joints, or any other Glutinating property,
es of the Liquid Juice and Effénce, but not al- but drank from four to eight
ettud gl Ca
or the young ones are fofter, fomething like unto 2 OMT
“4 7 : *
be 1 -* ~a -
~
Se Tee Se ad inal
100 Salmon’s
Our Sage Leaves, for the form and color, but much Smaller, two always fet together at a Foint. The Flowers fland at the tops ze the Branches, three or four together, upon feveral lender Foot talks, confifi- ing of five fmall round Leaves apiece, fomewbat like ene Small fingle Rofe, or the Rofe of the Wild Btyar, of a fine réddifh purple color, with many yel- low threads in the middle, without any Smell at all, and quickly fading or falling away, abiding feldom one whole day blown at moft : when the Flowers are paft, there come up round hard hairy Heads in their places; containing within them, fmall brownifh
Held. Lab
chiefly nourifhed up in our Gardens, viz. Gitus frr- mina, The Female Ciftus, {pecially fo called. 2. C- fius Annuus, The Annual or Yearly Ciftus.
IJ. The Defcriptions. The fj? Female Ciftus; has a woody Root Like to the former, from whence grows a kind of forub, lower and fmaller than it, ha- ving blackifh Branches, lefs woody, and not fo brit- tle as the Male. The Leaves are fomewbat rounder and greener, but a little bard and rough withal, growing in the fame manner upon the Branches, as. the other, by Couples. The Flowers grow at the tops of the Branches like to the Male kind, confifting of
Seed. five Leaves, but fomewhat leffer, and wholly white, with yellow threads in the middle, as foon fading, iY and of as little Scent as the other, but the Heads
ye | x, and Seed are fomewhat larger.
4)\
fy) / . sa
IV. The fecond, or Annual Ciftus, has a _fmall woody Root, which perifbes as foon as its Seed time is paft ; for the Plant endures but a Year, and there- fore requires you: to Sow it every Year, if you will bave it : From this Root rife up ftrait, but flender hard Stalks, fet here and there confufedly with long and narrow greenifh Leaves, very like unto the Leaves of the Gum-Ciftus, being a little clammy withal. At the tops of the Stalks, and at the Foints with the Leaves, fland two or three pale yellow Flowers, confifting of five Leaves apiece, with a reddifh fpot, near the bottom of every leaf of the Flowers, which as foon fades as any of the former. The Kiowers being paft, fmall three-fquare Heads follow after, which contain within them fmall Seed like to the Female kind, but fomewbat paler or yel- lower.
V. The Places. The firft grows naturally in bot Countries, as oon Portugal, Italy, Languedock ; The fecond in Colder Countreys, as Germany, Bobe- mia, Friefland ; and with us they are both brought up in Gardens.
VI. The Times. They Flower in the Summer Months, as Fue, Fuly and Auguft, and their Seed ripens in the mean Seafon.
VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, and Virtues, are the fame with the Dwarf Gitus, fo that no more need be faid of them here,
3 Ee; : om . th * A LS w the Hypocistss
Cstus male CHAP. CXXXIV.
Of CIVES, rw CHIVES.
IV. The Places. It naturally grows in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and France, and other hot and Southern Countries: but with us it is only nourifhed up in Gardens.
V. The Times. \n its Native places, it Flowers generally in May : but with us about the latter end of Fune, alfo in Fuly and Auguft ; and the Seed is tipe quickly after. kind of Sma// Grafs Leeks.
VL. As to its Qualities, Specification, Preparations| Ml. The Kinds. They are either Schenoprafum and Virtwes, they are the fame in all refpe€t with | fatroum, Garden Chives : or Schenoprafum agreftis, thofe of the Dwarf Cifiws, to which I refer you. _| Field or Wild Chives.
III. The Defcriptions. Chives have many Jittle headed Roots or Bulbs fafined together, out of which &row down into the Earth, a great number of white little threads, or firings, which have both the Smell and Tafte of Onions and Leeks, jointly, fo as if they were participating of both. Krom thefe Roots Spring up about a handful bigh, long, flender, round, green Spires, almoft like to Rufbes, amongft which Srow up {mall and tender Stalks, which fend forth L HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kis@- 4 | certain knops, or beads, like thofe of the Onion, but
xiab@ eppm : In Latin, Giftus famina : and | much lefs, in which are contained the Seed. in Englith, temale Ciftus, or Sage Rofe. IV. The fecond, or Wild Kind, has a fmall, and
I, HE. Names. They are called in Greek, & Syew-medoov : In. Latin, Schenoprafum, as though you fhould fay, Funceum Porrum, Rufh Lesk : In Englifh, Crves or Chives, which are a
CHA P. CXXXIIL «Of CISTUS Female.
I]. Ihe Kinds. Parkinfon makes eight feveral | fomewhat Bulbous Root, but nothing near fo many kinds of the Female Ciftus : but two of them are] joined together, from wbich [pring downwards a
sae ete Satis SO eee ee
~
=-
" Difeafes of the Reins and Bladder.
reat many white threads or firings. And fromthe| XI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the Jame upwards pring forth a great number of {mall|Juice,, but is indeed more powertul ; the conftai.t blades, almoft as bigh again as the former, harder,| ufe ot this Preparation, or the Juice, admitably en- and of a darker green, and fometimes not abfolutely| creafes Seed, and excites Venery.. And this, or the round : otherwife ( excepting their thick growing | former Juice, being fiufted up the Noftrils, ir pur- together ) they are much alike, and differ but a very} ges the Head and Brain, of cold, moift, and fleg- little in their Tafte and Smell, matick Humors, and prevails againft the Lethargy, : and other Difeafes of the Head and Brain, proceeds ing from cold and moifture. Dofé from one to two. ounces in any proper Vehicle. :
XI. The Decottion in White Port Wine. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo powerful, and may be given againft the Stone and Strangury, from four ounces to eight, once or twice a Day, as alfo in the Paroxyfin.
XIII. The Diftilled Water. Being drank to fix ounces, or more, either alone, or mixt with White Port Wine, it provokes Urine, and is faid by fome to break the Stone, and drive it forth.
XIV. The Cataplafm. Made by beating the whole Plant with Mithridate, and Pulp of Figs, and ap- plied, is good to ripen and break a Plague Sore, or any other Apoftem. It is profitably applied to Scaldings or Burnings by Water or Fire, or Gun+ ents As alfo to the Piles-when extreamly in-
ed and fwelled. .
XV. The Seed. Made into Pouder, and given a dram at a time, it encreafes Seed, and ftirs up Luft both in Man and Woman : and given to Children which have Worms, it kills and expels them : It is alfo good againft the bitings of Venomous Beafts.
CHAP. CXXXyV. Of CLAVER-GRASS.
V. The Places. The firft are nourifhed ups and grow only in Gardens : the other grows Wild in the Fie/ds, and by way fides in uncultivated places in feveral Parts of this Kingdom. I have found them by the fides of the Highway, and in the Field going ftom Cambury-Houfe neat Iflington, towards the Boarded River, and that in feveral places as I walked along.
VI. The Times. They flourifh long, and conti- nue many Years, and well endure the cold of
I. HE Names. It is called of Diofcordes, ag _ © itis thought, in Greek, mécn : from its be ing brought from the Medes into Greece ; and fo the Medicum malum, or Pomecitron, was fo called, | being brought firft from Media : In Latin, Medica , and in Exglifh, Claver-grafs. The Arabians call it; Cot, Alafaleti, and Alfosfofa : and this is that very Plant which the French call. Saint Foin, which our es have found fo mightily to improve and.
I], The Kinds. This Claver-grafs it felf is a Species of the Trefei/s, but being better’ known un- der this name, we thought good to treat of it here, Claver-gafs is manifold, 1. Medica legitima, Fenum Burgundiacum, Trifolium Cochleatum, Claver, Cla- ver-grafs, Medick Fodder, Snail Claver, Snail Tre- foil, and Saint Foin. 2. Medica’ Racemofa, Trifo- lium Cochleatum Polycarpon, Cluftering Snail Cla- ver. 3. Medica Frutefcens, Medica fore lutco, Tri- folium ies luteum Siligua Cornuta, Lens ma- jor repens Tabernmontani, Woody Snail Claver : 4. Medica Marina, Trifolium Cochleatum Marinum, Sea Claver. 5. Medica Cordata, Trifolium Corda- tum, Heart Claver, or Trefoil. 6. Medica Lunata, Trifolium Lunatum, Moon Claver. Parkinfon hag four other kinds, but thefe are the chiet which grow in Exgland.
ill. The Defcriptions. The firf? of thefe has a Root which runs deep down into the Earth, fome- times two feet or more ; it is thick, and fends forth many tough thready firings, and continues long, fome- times ten, twenty or thirty Years. From this Root rife up feveral weak, green Stalks, with divers [mall fad green Trefoil Leaves, fet thereon without order.
The Flowers grow upon long Stalks, coming from the Foints
Winter.
VIL. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the third Degree ; Aperitive, Abfterfive, Digeftive, Dif- cuffive, ey gps Suppurative ; Stomatick, Pe€toral, and Nephritick ; Alterative, Emmenago- gick, Lithontriptick, Alexipharmick, and Spesma- togenetick.
Il. The Specification. 'T a; peculiar againft
IX. The Preparations. You may prepare from them, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decottion. 4. A DiftilledWater, 5. A Cataplafm.
6. The Seed, The Virtues.
X. The liquid Fuice. It provokes Appetite, cau- fes thirft, heats, warms, and ftrengthens the Sto- mach, opens Obftru€tions, yet is fomething flatu- lent ; it loofens the Belly, provokes Urine, and the Courfes, and is good againft the bitings of Mad
a Serpents, and other Venomous Creatures. Dofe, one ounce or more in White Wine , it eafes the Strangury, and is good cis all Obftru€tions of ee Ureters, and Bladder, expelling Stones,
190 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. L |
» fet together, not fo much twined as many other Me-
yn" 2 ot ia °F" . - 2
wee Ce ere ‘ ¥ "i _ . ? Me
ber and beginning of April, left any hard, Froft. fhould come, which might nip it, and fo kill it Authors alfo fay, it ought to be Mowed, or Cur down, five or fix times the firft Year, others fay three or four times, but your Experience muft guide a you in this; and in after Years two or three times ry .a'Year, by which great advantages are made of it;
and that Land which has not been worth twelve
Pence an Acre per Annum, by the Improvements ot’
‘Saint Foin, have in a few Years been made worth’ } forty Shillings, and three Pounds an Acte, and fome- Me times more, which is much for the Encouragement My.
Joints and Tops of the Branches, cluftering in a thick fhort Tat of a blewifh purple in thofe which &/ow in our parts, but in others of divers and fe- veral colors, as more purple, near a violet, or paler blew, or of a brownies blew, and yellow colors, part- ed: In fome parts of Spain, and at, Narbon in France, they are of a yellow color, alfo.. The Flow- ers being paft, fmall, Snait-like,. round ‘Cods follow,
rie are, containing within them {mall pale colored ced. ae
New of the Moon, but you muft not let ‘ir lye up-
on heaps any longer than a Day in the Meadows,
for if it fhould lye any long time, it would endan-~ < ger the killing the Roots which are under it, and | , -| utterly deftroy it, for which reafon it is neceflary
to dry it forthwith, and as foon as may. be, ftirring
and turning it-every day trom day to day, and then
as foon as ever it is dry to carry it away.’
of the Husbandman, to proceed in this kind of Hus- 3 bandry. ° s Ol Hb hy ‘ : Vil. Obferv. 4. The fit times for Cutting it oY Claver-Grafs, or Snail Trefoil \ sown, are in May, Func, Fuly, and Auguft, in the
of Lobel.
E VII. Objer.5. This is alfo to be taken fpeciah 8 & | notice of, That none of your Cattel ought to feed = on the Grounds on which it is fown, becaufe it is ¢
apt to be killed by them, by bruifing it with their om
Teeth in biting it off, whereas cutting it witha ' © Sythe hurts it. not: nor muft Cattel be furiered to = eat it green, becaufe it is apt to make them Sick, ' by reafon of its heat and moifture : for which rea- fon it is always cut down, dried, and made into Hay ; and then it is to be given to your Beafts, bur ‘ in fmall quantity, becauie it breeds much Blood, * , Flefh and Fat, even to fuch a Degree, as with Fat- i neis to choak them. ' et IX. Obferv. 6. You muft always be carefulto = gather and referve Seed of this Graf, to Sow again, 4 when you fee you fhall have occafion for it: it muit not be gathered the firft Year it bears, by rea- fon of its weaknefS and poornefS,but inall the follow- = ing Years, fo foon as the Husks in which thé Seed = is contained {hall appear dry, and the Seed or Grains themfelves are turned yellow, which will be in the 4 Months of June and uly, youmay thenfaveit. == X. Obferv. 7. That this Grafs being fowed in barren Land is very profitable there is no doubt; and it it is confidered that the firft charge is the principal charge, even for a long time, it is fom the more valuable : for Land being once Sow with this, it not only enriches the ground for the prefent, but for many years after’: for this firlt {owing will be fufficient tor. ten or twelve Years, let the ground be what it will ; and as the Soil may be, it may laft twenty or thirty Years, or more, according as it is caretully lookt after, and well ma- naged, which is a matter of {0 great weight, as ought to put every prudent Husbandman into, the thoughts and confideration of it. ve XL. The Second Kind bas a Ryot long and Tite tae ning pretty deep into the ground, which endures ea from whence it bas Branches lying upon the Eiri i. . a foot in length or more, fet with {mall round Trefoi ' Leaves on pretty large rootftalks : the Howers of a purple color it fends forth at the Joints, on kong hootflalks, Jmail and many cluflering together, ten which come forth fomewhut rough, fmall, wrinkled — Snail-like Shells or Husks, in which are contained the Seed. aie © ol a VI. Objerv. 3. As foon as it is Sown, it muft be} XII. The third, o» Woody Snail Claver ha Harrowed feveral ways, as long ways, broad ways, | /ong Root, confifting of many Jong firings, *” and corner ways ; and if it is a dry Seafon, and a| témues many Years, shooting forth new balks € dry Ground, it ought to be gently watered, but not| Year, cobich are , bard, round, flexible, ar in thofe Months between che latter end of Septem-| weak as not to be able 10 fland upright, bin
IV. Obfervations, 1. The Author of the Country Farm gives a mighty commendation of this Plant ; and fays, That there is not any Pulfe, or other Food which is more agreeable, and good tor the Feeding of Beafts, than this Cleversgrafs or Swail-Claver, called by the French, Saint Foin, not only for the nourifhing and fattening of Cattle, but alfo to cure Beatts which are fick. It is called Burgundy- Hay, becaufe the Burgundians have always been very careful in Sowing this Herb, and managing Sandy and Barren Land therewith, tor that it makes the, Worft and Pooreft Land very Rich and Fruit- ful. The benefit of this Herb is fo great, that eve- ry good Husbandman ought to referve a good part of his Ground to be fown therewith. °
V. Obfervat. 2. In Sowing of this Saint Foi Seed, though it grows well in fat Grounds freed from Weeds, yet it grows alfo very well in Poor, Lean, Sandy and Barren Grounds, efpecially fuch as are eafie to be Plowed, and fuch as have been thrice Sown with Grain, before this is put into it, that it may the eafier take deep rooting in the Earth, which it naturally does : but in fowing of this Seed, you muft not be fparing of ir, for by how much the more Seed you Sow, by fo much the more will the Herb grow in -thicknef$ ; nor will there grow any other Grafs or Herbs there, by which the profit will be fo much the greater.
Chap. 135. Exglifh Herbs. 191
bury, gnd dented about the edges : the tlowers ave mall and yellow, which being paffed away, crooked, flat Cods, of an aihetee 4
or fafbion of a Moon three quaters ald, follow : in which are contained Seed, in fhape or fon of {mall hitle Kidneys.
XVI. The Places. The frit grows naturally in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and krance, from whence it was brought into Kezders and Engdand, in both which places it flourifhes admirably, and ferves
the Ground, about @ foot or more in length, and di- vided into many Branches, on which grow fmall, long, and narrow Leaves, by three’s on a long Footftalk, with a thick middle Rib, on the back of cach: the Flowers are fmall, and many tagetier, of a yellow color, and fomewhat [weet ; which being pel gway, Several fmall, flat, twined Cods follow, like to shale of the firft kind, but fmaller, which contain within ahem Jmaller Seed likewife, Hattifh, and almoft of a Kidney Jaf ; .
XIU Dhe fourth, or Sea Claver, has a Root fome- whet thick, and enduring many Years, from whence rife up. feveral hoary trailing Branches,fpreading them-
elves on the ground a foot or two long, with meny) jal and ay ay round Trefoil Leaves, on fhort Footfiglks. “Ihe Flowers are many, fmall, and yel- low, growing at the end of the Branches ; which be- ing pajt ¢way, many {mall withered Shells or Husks
lo Fittov, much like to the other fmajl Snail Clavers. There is allo another kind of Sea Claver, whofe Root perifies Yearly, but it grows bigger and
in Spain they haye no other Hey with which they feed their Horfes, which makes ben exceeding Fat the fame they..do in the Low Countries, whereby their Cows yield the greater abundance of Milk. It is fown in the Fields of Ira/y, Spain, France, the Low Countries and England, tor Food for their Beafts.. The fecond grows oftentimes in’ Fiedds, Meadows, and Pafiures. The thitd grows in Mea- dows, by Hedge and Wood fides, and places. fome- what fhaded. The fourth grows near to the Sea in ener than the other, and the Flowers are fmail\ everal places, as in our Marfhes and Fields at Wool- and yellow, coming from the Foints of she Branches,| wich, ry jhihe &c. and by the Sea fide about but one at a place, which are followed by fmall hard Weft Chefter, as alfo on the Mediteranean Sea thore; and round pricky Heads, and whofe windings are) and about Venice. The fifth is often found in our difficult to be difcerned. | Fields and Meadows , and though Camerarius calls it XIV. The fitth, or Heant Claver, has a thick and| Medica Arabica (1 fuppofe becaufe it grows in that thready Root, which perifhes every Year ; from whence | Country :) yet, with Fobnfon,we fay, it grows Wild Spring forth feveral very flender, fmall, and weak with us in our Meadows in Kngland, having feen it, Branches, ft 1 of Foints, and round greenifh Trefei!|\ believe, an hundred times. Es fixth grows alfo Leaves, Jianding upon long Footftalks, broad at the plentitully in our Fields and situs grounds. ends, and dented in,in their middle, making the fa'\ XVII. The Times. The firft of thefe, (the ground Shion of -@ Heart, with dull, red, or purplifp, and\ being firft made fit for its entertainment, by well Sometimes almoft blackifh {pots on them. "The Flow-| Ploughing it up, and killing the Weeds thereof) ers grow two or three ‘pedher upon Footftalks co-\is to be LA in the end of Apri/, or fomething ming Lf pf po 3 they are fmall and yellow, earlier, in’ the New of the Moon, and towards the which being paft away, leave behind them fmail vick-| latter end of the Day, that’ it may receive the re- ly twining Heads, like uato the other {mall Cav| frefhing Dews of the Night, by which means it graffes. | will the fooner, and more eafil {pring out of the Earth, and you may Mow it in Fume, and Fu/y, and | Auguft, for Hay, and after the firlt Year fomewhat jearlier. The firlt, and-all the reft Hower in Zune |and uly, and their Seeds are ripe in the end of Augu/t, or foon atter. But the Seed of’ the firft is not to be gathered.in the firft Year, by reafon of its weaknefs, as is before obferved, but in all the | following it may be gathered in Fu/y, or as foon as
WAY 7 WF; a 3 as Sigg HX. it appears ripe, 4. a Wier ON: XVII As to the Qualities, Specification, Prepa- \ RSA Hy; rations, and Virtues, of the firft, or the other fire, NY MV) P Authors have obferved nothing concerning them, SN Slee but that they ( efpecially the firit) are a good nou- aN ot a) Ss | tithing food for Horfes, Cows, and other Cartel, WY ERS and that the firlt is fo powertul tofatten them, thar PWNS | they ufually ftint them to a.quantity, for tear of p EN ) Sri them, by azeafon of their growing too SSWW///\s,\ at. ; ; aN WZ | XIX. Obfervation a. From this it appears, that
it is of a nourifhing Virtue, and by reafon ir encrea- fes Flefh and Fat, I am of the Opinion, that the Liquid Fuice or Effence, or Syrup thereof, may be very powerful in reftoting {uch as are in Con/amp- tions zit is indeed good. againit Coughs, Colds, Wheefings, vehement Catasrhs, Qbftru&tions of the | Lungs, and other Diftempets of thofe parts. | XX. Objerv. 2. The y competi ‘the Plant, chief: | ly of the Cods and Seed, the latter being fomewhat like a Kidney, made me believe ir might be good againit the Stone, Gravel, and Sand, or Tartarous Matter 1m the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, which occafions Stranguries, &c. I made wyal. of the Fvi¢e, Effence, Decottion in White Wing, and the Syrup, aie she Patient I gave it to, I found it ¢x- ri-| cellently to. anfwer my Expectation: I have fince male -tryal or it upon feveral other Patients with veay
we “a — ”
i ly like to the
readth, after the fhape
them and us for Huy for our Cattel,’ and Horfes: ,
> 192 Salmon’s Herbal. © © Lib. SS Sa NS Sean Seana Sime ce eae Se very good iuccefs ; yet 1 cannot fay, but in fome| III. The Defcriptions. The Common Rough Cle- cafes it has not anfwered the end. The Decottion of | ver has a fmall and very fibrous Root, fpreading much the Seed in White Port Wine, has'the fame Virtue, | ix the Earth, but dying every Year ; from whence rife but I believe nor full out fo powerful as the Fuice “p divers very rough fquare Stalks not bigger than and Ejfence of the Plant ; but the pouder of the} the lower part of a naked Wheat Straw, Fe pene Seed given to one dram is more effettual : So alfo | /o as to be fometimes twoor three yards high, if it the Fixed Salt of the whole Plant made by Incine-| bas any tall Bufhes or Trees near it, or any Hedge lation. « - on which it may*Climb, but yet without any Clafpers : XXI. Obferv. 3. Diofcorides fays the Green Herb| otberwife they are much. lower, or lye upon the ‘has a cooling property, and for that purpofe it is) ground, being full of Forms, from every one of chiefly ufed. Avicen commends the Oil made of it | which fhoots forth a Branch befides thé Leaves, which againit the Trembling of the Heart. Ge/ner fays| are commonly fix in number, fet round the Stalk al- that a Liquor may be drawn out of it by fire ( Par-| moft like a Star, or the Rowel of a Spur. From be- Kinfon fappofes he means an Oi! to be drawn out | tween the Leaves at the Foinis, towards the tops of - of the Seed, as out of Sweet Almonds ) good a-| the Branches come forth very fmall white. Howers, gainft the Scone. From this J obferve, and am apt] every one upon a fmall thready Footftalk, which af- to believe, that if a” Oily Tintture, or a Saline Tin- éture, be made of the whole Plant, they may be very effectual for that purpofe, being duly taken in a proper Vehicle.
colored Seeds ( but at Sof green ) joined togetber like a pair of Tefticles,
what like unto a Navel ) on which the Stalk grows to them. The Stalks, Leaves and Seeds are fo very rough, that they will cleave almoft to any thing which Shall touch them, and feem to be a little clammy withal. “IV. The Smooth Kind has a Root like the fore- going; and grows much, like unto it, but it neither grows fo-high,- nor are the Leaves fo great, and not at all rough or flicking to ‘what it touches, as the former is. The Leaves are the fame in number,and Stand in the fame order, and at the Foints alfo: the Flowers are {mall and white, confifting of four very little Leaves, like the other, and give fuch like Seed
CHAP. CXXXVI. - Of CLEVERS, or GOOSE-GRASS,
We Cleavers, or: ,
rough as the firft is. There is another fort of thie Smooth Kind, but it little differs from it, except- ing in the Seed, which is faid to be rough, much like unto a Coriander Comft. ;
V. The Places. The firft Kind. grows by Hedge Sides and Ditch banks in moft places of England, and almoft every where in Gardens, it being there nothing but a Weed, and is rooted out with much labor and diligence, for that it will run =e es . thing it grows next, and be apt to choak and:ki it, it not Weeded up. The fecond is a Native of Spain, but grows in England in the Gardens of the Curious, where it is apt to be as troublefome as the other is,- if it is fufteried to Sow its Seed..
VL. The Times. They Flower in the end of May, and in Fume and Fuly , and the Seed is ripe, and falls by the end of 7u/y, or in Axgu/f?, from which it fprings afrefh the next Year, and not from the old Roots.
VII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry. in the be-
inning of the firlt Degree, according to Galen’s Vodeneee 5 and are Aperitive, Abfterfive, and A- {tringent, Traumatick, or Vulnerary, Alterative and Alexipharmick.
VIEL The Specification. It is liar for ftop- ping, Fluxes, and healing Green Wounds.
1X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. The Green Herb. 2. A liquid Fuice. 3. An Effence. 4. A Decoltion. 5. A Pouder. 6. An Ointment. 7. A Balfam, 8. A Cataplafm. 9. A Diftilled Water. 10. The Oily Tinéure.
r : eS \7], |
: 3 3 .
LR K/
14s J ~ N \ , Z SS 2 IN 4 Z = |I)) S t 2 aoe. [ | AS fs 3 S Jz \ PF = ‘ K Ahi D> sant ’ a 38 We y alh\y= 9 iY A oo" } WV he cS I. Z a —— // } ee Z ot ' k AN \ g i rT) NY) Z, \
iy HE Names. It is called in Greek, ’Amtewn,
as the moft ufual Name, but it has alfo fe-
veral others, girissoy, geaariesv, aS Galen out of Hi -
pocrates faith ; and tupartaaer@, as Diofcorides
faith ( becaufe the Seed is Navel fafhion: ) it is
al called, gscvdear@-, quali hominis amans, and
ginakacG-, tor the fame reafon. In Latin, Aparine,
Lappa minor Plinij, Afperugo : In Englifh, levers, and Goofe-grafs
Ul. Ihe Kinds. They are chiefly twofold, viz.
1. Aparine Vulgaris, The common or rough Clevers.
2. Aperine Levis, Smooth Clevers , not mentioned
a by any Author but Thalivs, and from him by Par-
|. kinfon.
The Virtues.
K. The Green Herb. Parkinfom fays, that it ferves the Country People well, inftead of a ftrain- er, to cleanfe and clear their Milk from Straws, es or other grofS things which fall into it.
XI. The Liquid Fuice. Made of the Hetb and
ter they are fallen, two fmall round rough brown -
appear. When they are - ripe, they grow bard, and of a whitifh brown color, — having a little bole or bellownefs on the fide (fome»
growing together in Pairs, but fmooth alfo, and nots ~~ .
Seed: together, being taken in Wine, is good agin 3
—-" |
- Chap. 137... Englijh Herbs.
_ the bitings of Vipers, orthe great Spider Phalangium,
by preferving the Heart trom their Poyfon,as Dio/co- | C
rides and Pliny ftom him fay. Galen fays, that it cleanfes moderately, and drys, and is of fubtil i It is generally taken -in’Broth to make uch Lank and Lean, as are apt to'gtow Fat: It is alfo good to heal Wounds, -and ftanch Blood, being: applied : and’ Matthiolus fays, it is ‘commended to: congluti- nate or clofe the Lips: of Green ‘Wounds -:: dropt: into the Ears, it’ eafes-their pain, though vehe- ment. B00 Sea ee eae _ XII. The Effence.. It: has all-,the Virtues of the Juice, but more powerful’; beffdes which, it is very eCtual to pe Se ‘Bowels; and ftop all fort of fluxes of the Belly whatfoever : and being taken thrice a day, it helps the yéltow Jaundice. . “RIM. The Decottion: in Wine. It is Stomatick,
Wounds, old running Sores and Ulcers.»
and Ulcers, dries up their moifture, and induces their healing. Taken inwardly to a dram jn Red Port Wine, Morning and Evening, it ftops fpitting, ‘a vomiting, and piffing of Blood, and cures the Bloody ‘a Flux, as alfo other Fluxes of the Bowels ; and be- 4 ing applied, the bleeding of Wounds. 7 - [he Ointment. Being made with Auxungia, / z. €. Hogs-Lard,. or other proper fat body, and an- | = » ointed npon the part affetted, it helps all forts of —-. «ard Swellings, or Kernels ( proceeding from the 'S ~_ \King’s-Evil ) in the Neck, Throat, or other Parts, Re XV. The Balfam. It is a fingular Vulnerary, and cures Green Wounds (not Contufed, Lacerated, or otherwife compofed ) at one, two, or three Dref- fings. i It digefts “Apoftems, as alfo complicated 3 Wounds, then cleanfes them, incarnates, dries, and . Suddenly heals them. It is indeed a very fingular = Vulnerary, or Wound Balfam. q XVI. The Cataplafm. Being ephied to any €
re. wound or place which bleeds, it pr ently ftops the Blood ; and in a fimple Green Wound cures it at g ai the firft intention. It is beft to be made of the 4 ~ Green Herb, by beating, and made thick by the Pou- 7 e.
der of the fam » XVII. The Diftilled Water. Tt has in a weak manner the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, and Deco-. : ; &tion ; and may be ufed as a Vehicle for the two a . firft, or the Pouder. .
- caufes LeannefS, ftdps’ Bleeding, and being drank | twice of thirce -a* y promotes. the healing of}: or
_. XIV. The Pouder: It is'an excellent Vulnerary, and conglutinates the Lips of Green Wounds, being } . ftrewed thereon : it alfo cleanfes old running Sores |
iS, 1.°'Oguiver xeiviy, Horminum Conimune, Common 2. Horminum fatioum. verum Diofcoridss, The true Garden Clary of Diofcorides: "3. Colus Fovis, Lobeli, Cull, Camerari}, Lugdunenfis, Eyfte- tenfis, Gerardi ; Orvila Tertia Dodonei ; Melium Cefalpini, Galeopfis, Lutea Dalechampij, Horminum Luteum Glutinofam Baubini, Horminum Tridenti- num, Horminum luteum aliortm , Camphorata
aro aliis, Yellow Wild Clary, or Fupiter’s iftaff.
4. Horminum humile Germanicum, Gallie
tricum alterum Gerardi, The Smaller fort of Clary, or German Clary. Z
j
our {quare, thick and rough, fending forth broad, rough, wrinkled, whitifh, or Hoary green Leaves,
Somewhat evenly ‘cut in ‘on the edges, and of g Strong feweet Scent, Some of them growing near the
to be applied to’ Wounds of the Nerves and Joints ; ground, and fome by Couples upon the Stalks. The
olick. Dofe thirty or forty drops in a Glafs of White Port Wine.
CHAP. CXXXVIL Of CL AR Y, Garden.
~.) > 2D TE Oia, mulat, as Diofeorides a sand Scarlea, fo of Lug eet-Eye, .
Oas.
“re in long toothed Husks, which Serve inftead of
gainft ano-
d, a little
> but more greén than
4reafonable good Sinell : at the tops of d div es,one row under another,
of avery fine, deep, purple violet color, the lower being aler than the uppermoft, and Seem afar off . 0 Sy
ese eee?
approaching nearer to them, aré be ag the Flowers coming forts
ar
- ie
aig
: EI oe is ON Seen Pee - “4 ’
so
eS
194
under them at fet Spaces about the Stalks, of a whi-
Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
with divers fibres fpringing therefrom, which perifh
tifh purple color, fmaller than the Flowers of any | not, but abide — years: from this Root come forth
other fort of Clary, and fianding in brownifh purple
Several fquare an
fomewhat hairy Stalks, a foot and
Husks, which after the faid Flowers are paft, whilft | balf bigh, on which do grow large Leaves, very like
the Seed ripens ( which is then black ) turn them-
unto our common Garden Clary, hairy, roug
and
Selves downwards, by reafon whereof, if it is not) rugged, but not all out fo large, nor of fo white a
Leaves are fomewhat round, and layd over with a\ thereof, one unto another, and fomewhat cut in on
gathered in due time, it t loft, Gerard fays the er on two at a Foint, on the contrary part
- hoary Cottony fubjtance, not much unlike Horehound :
ers coming forth between thofe beautiful purple . Leaves, towards the tops, are fmall, of a blewifh or watched color, in fafhion like to Rofemary-flowers.
Clas | ff DS: seorides
) t
yy
V. The third, or Colus Jovis, has a knobby Root, tobich is compofed of many long fringe, which it takes ftrong bold in the Earth, and abides many Years : from whence rife up feveral four Square rough Stalks, a yard high, or more, which branch forth themfelves into divers four Jquare Stalks or Branches. The Leaves are many, large, hoary, or of a whitifh green, dented about “a edges, and ftand- ing upon long Footftalks, rifing fome from the Root, and fome from the Foints of the Stalks, which are broader at the bottom, fmoother alfo, and fomewhat fat or clammy in handling, and fomewhat bairy, as the fquare Stalks alfo are. ‘Thefe Leaves upon the Stalks fland by Couples, and are like the Leaves whith grow below, but fomewbat leffer. At the tops of the Stalks the Flowers come forth at fet Spaces, Jet round about in Coronets or Js, which are gaping, and like unto thofe of Common Clary, but s a faint yellow color, after which comes. brown blackifh Seed. Gerard fays, that this kind of Clary, called Colus Jovis, reprefents in the very top of the Stalk, a Diftaff, wrapped about with yellow Flax, and that from thence it took its name, and that the Leaves are like thofe of Nettles, rough, harp pointed, and of an overworn green color: both Leaves an Flowers have fomewhat a ftrong Smell.
VI. The fourth, or Small C nh bas a Root lack
of the thicknefs of a Man’s Thumb,
on the outfide,
larger than ) there comes after them, fmall blackifh See
d| ftimulat
the edges, and wy dented likewife, baving alfo a the Stalks are fquare, fmall and hairy , and the Flow- os Sirens feent t paces
an they. The Flowers grow at out the Stalks, to the tops, bowing their piky Heads, which are of a purple color, not much Lavender-flowets, which being fut aoay,
VI. The Places. Thefe are all nourifhed up with us in Gardens, the fourth of them being brought to us out of Germany ; and all of them (except the third ) are fometimes found to grow Wild in feve- ral places. The Co/us Fovis, which only grows in Gardens hete, is found to gtow. in great plenty throughout all Hungary and Auftria, and in many other places. ‘
Vill. The Times. The firft is moft ufually fown, for the Seed rifes of its own fhedding : The /econd alfo requires to be new fowna in the Spring, for it feldom comies tip of the Seed which falls, the Frofts and Winter with us, for the moft part, killing of it. They all Flower in the Summer Months, as in Fuse, Fuly and Auguft, forme a little later than others, and their Seed is ripe in Augu/?, or September.
IX. The Qualities. Gerard fays, Clary is-hot and dry in the third : Aperitive, Abfterfive, A- ftringent, Traumatick or Vulnerary ; Pectoral, Hy- a Alterative, Analeptick, and Spermatoge-
X. The Specification. It fteengthens weak Backs, es to Venery, and caufes fruitfuluefs.
XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. The green Leaves. 2 A tguid Juice of the Herb. 3. Am Effence. 4. A Syrup. §. A Deco
Giom, 2
= =
a= Gee < pre ~
e . Tea a Sa aa <
SS SE er
mee ae
Ses ~- =
ion. 6. A Pouder of the. Leaves. -7. A. Balfam. 8. A a 9. The whole Seed. 10. A, Pou-
Seed. 11. A Mueilage of the Seed. 12. An Blefuary. of the Pouder of the Leaves and:
der of t
Seed, a3 The Virtues.
to be eaten.
perinefs thereof: it facilitates the Birth, and expels
or Afterbirth. . And it is agua to be given to Women which ate Barren, through a cold and moift difpofition of the Womb, {0 is it alfo good to ftop the Whites, and to. comfort a cold and weak Stomach, oppreft with: Vifcous Flegm. Dofe from one ounce to two, three, or four ounces, in a Glafs of generous Wine.
XV. The Syrup of the Fuice. Tt has the Virtues }
of the two former, but not fo powerful, becaufe itis fo much clogg’d with Honey. But in other cafesas a Pe€toral, it is much beyond them, for it caufes better Expectoration, and therefore is good againft Coughs, €olds, HoarfhefS, Wheezings, fhortnefs of. Breath, difficulty of Breathing, and other like Diftempers of the Breft and Lungs. . Dofe two or three ounces, Morning and Night. :
XVI. The Decottion in Wine. .It is weaker than the Juice or Effence, but has all the Virtues of the aforegoing Preparations in a lower Degree. It helps to expettorate rotten and purulent matter from the Lungs ina Pleurifie, as alfo in.Coughs, and other Di- ftempers of thofe Parts, and Sense may be good for fuch as ate troubled with the Sciatica. ofe fix ounces Morning and Night.
XVII. The Pouder of the Leaves. Snuffed up the Noftrils caufeth fneezing, and thereby purges the Head and Brain of Rheum, and cold thin Flegm, and Tartarous Matter affli€ting thofe parts, cauling Head-achs, Vertigo’s, Apoplexies, Drowdinefs, Sleepi- snefS, and Lethargies : and being taken inwardly to one Dram, Morning and Evening, in a little of the Syrup, it ftrengthens the Back, increafes the Seed, and excites Venery.
XVM. The Balfam. Whether it is made with the Juice, or with the green Leaves, it is as fingu- Jar a Vuln as is to be met withal. It not only cures Green Wounds at once or twice drefling them, but alfo digefts, cleanfes, and heals foul, putrid, or rotten and running Ulcers: and being applied, is
an excellent thing to give eafe in the Sciatica. KEK: The Cataplafm. Being applied to Contu- fions, it difcuffes them, if no Veffels are torn: and — to Green Wounds, it fuddenly heals them. XK. The whole Seed. It is ufed to be put into the Eyes to clear them from Films, Clouds, Moats
* XXIL. The Mucilage of the Seed. If i is made
lof: Pearls, Films, Clouds, and other like things, and
shelps 4 ine fe} : [itween whiles four or five times aday, with the
| XXIV. Colus Fouis, yellow Clary, or Fupiter’s
Diftaff, is hot and dry in the fecond Degree, and
CHAP, CXXXVIL Of CLARY, Wild.
L HE Names. Ivis. called in Greek, 'O;usbos dy ey : In Latin, Horminum Sylvefire, Ocit lus ory i, and by. fome, Geminalis; and in Engli/h, Wild Clary. r II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species hereof, but the chief, and which’ we intend-to handle in this Work, are thefe following, vic. 1. Horminum Syloeftre vulgare, Oculus Chrifti, Wild Clary, efpe- cially fo called by Camerarius, Cordus, Clufius, Fuch+ Sius, Gefner, Gerard, Lobel, Lonicerus, Lugdunen- Sis, and Turner ; Brunfelfins calls it, Sa.via agre» fits ; and Befler in his Hortus Eyftetenfis, Salvia agrefiis flore purpureo : Gefner and Tragis, Salvia agreflis vera, Gallitricum verum. (in Italy ) Cefal- pint; Sclarea Sylveftris Tabernmontant. 2. Hor- minum Sylveftre incanum flore albo, Horminum Syl- veftre quartum Niveo flore Clufij, Sclarea Sylvefiris fore alboTabernmontanifalvia agrefiis flere albo horti Eftetenfis, Hoary Wild Clary with a White Flower. 3. Horminum Sylvefire Levendule flore Baxbini, Scla- rea Hifpanica Tabernmontani, Gallitricum alterum Gerardi,Wild Clary, with Laven ler Flowets. 4. Hor minum Sylveftre falvifolium majus & minws Baubint, Horminum Sylvefire Matthiol, Cefalpini, Lugdu- nenfis ; Orvula altera Dodonei, Horminum Sylvefire quintum Cay 3 Verbafcum nigrum falvifolium fore purpureo Lobelt ; Salvia Sylvefiris adulterina ‘Tra- gi, Sage Leav’d Wild Clary. Authors make many other Kinds, but thefe are all that are found grow- ing with us, either Wild or in Gardens. €.¢:a MIL. The
i k
| |
196 Salmons
Ili. The Detcriptions. The firft kind, or Oculus Chrifti, bas 2 Root which 7s long, tough, and black, aitended with many fibres, by which it takeS faft bold of the Earth, from whence rife up many fquare Stalks two or three feet high, on which grow broad
Herbal. Lib.
to the others, nor does the Smell of the whole Plant differ much from them.
VI. The fourth, or Sage Leav’'d Wild Clary, has a long Root, tough and black without, but yellow within, which abides without perifbing for ma
: = dark green Leaves, dented about the edges, and\ Years, as the Roots of moft of the Wild kinds do :
Somewhat rugged and bard in handling ; the Flowers
_ Sow along towards the tops of the Stalks, like unto
the gaping or hooded Flowers of the Garden Clary,
from whence rife up low fquare Stalks, much about half a yard bigh, whereon grow bard rugeéd Leaves, fet two at a Joint, very like unto Sage Leaves, but
but fmaller, and of a pale or whitifh blew color ,\ not boary at all, of a dark green color, and dented
which being paft away, there comes in fmall husks, round blackifh or brownifh Seed , the whole Plant has a ftrong Smell, but it is nothing fo quick as that of our common Garden Clary kinds hereof : One, the tops of whofe Stalks are pur-
about the edges : the Flowers grow at fet Spaces round about the Stalks, as in rundles, in fome Plants
of a fair purple, violet color , in others more pale,” There are two other \ and in others yet, of almoft an Afh-color , which be-
ing paft away, there _comes forth ( when it is ripe )
plifh, with Flowers of a deeper purple color, and black fmall Seed. The Smell of this Plant is more.
Somewhat larger Leaves. Another, differing only in this, that the tops of the Stalks are green, and not purple , the Flowers of a pale blew color, and the Leaves a little torn on the edges.
IV. The fecond kind, or Hoary Wild Clary, with white Flowers, bas a long tough black Root, not much differing from the former , the Leaves in this being almolt like thofe, but more hoary, and a little deeper dented in on the edges, the Stalks are fquare, and almoft a yard high, upon which grow the Fow- ers in the fame. manner, faving that thefe are whol- ly white, which being pafl away, there follows mall round brownifh Seed.
V, The third, or Lavender fowred Wild Clary, has a Root not much differing from either of the for-
leafing and lefs heady than moft of the former kinds he. There ppd Species Te this om kind, which differs chiefly from it in this, that it grows much bigher, bas Nicler Stalks, larger and thicker Leaves, {potted with drvers white {pots and ftreaks therein ; elfe in form and color of Leaves and Flowers, no 2 ees appearing. VU. The Places. The firft grows Wild in Exg- land, almoft every where by the Way fide, and fo does the other with the purple Stalks: but that with the green Stalks is not common with us, but grows in many places of Germany and Hungary : Gerard fays, that the Oculus Chrifti grows in Bar- ren places, almoft in every Countrey, efpecially in Holborn-fields, near unto Grays-Inn, in the High- way by theend ofa Brick-Wall (there ic might poffibly grow formerly, but none can be had there now | alfo ar the hither end of Che//ey towards London, and in the Highways leading from Rich- mond Palace to the Water-fide, and in divers other places. The /econd grows not Wild here, but only in the Gardens of the Curious. The third. grew with C/ufius, of the Seed which he had out of Spain, but he faith he found it likewife near the Riding- place of Greenwich , fo that it is manifeft, that it is anatural inhabitant of our Countrey. The shird grows Wild in Hungary almoft every where, in their Vineyards, and by the Way fides, but with us it is chiefly nourifhed up in Gardezs.
VIII. The Times. They all Flower in Fune and Fuly, as do the Garden Kinds ; and their Seeds are ripe in the end of dxgu/t, or not long after.
IX. Their Qualities, Specification, Preparations, and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Gar- den Clary, {0 that little more need be faid thereof here.
X. Obfervation 1. Diofcorides faith, That the Seed of Oculus Chrifti,or Wild Clary, drunk with Wine ( from one dram to two drams ) excites Luft ; and being mixed with Honey, and applied, cleanfes the Eyes from Films, and other impertections lodg- ed in them : and being put whole into the Eyes, it not only fimply cleanies, but alfo purges them very much from Waterifh Humors, and fo frees them from Rednefs, Inammations, and divers o- ther Difeafes which happen to them, taking away their Pain and Smarting, one Seed, and no more, being put into the Eye at a time. This, fays Ge- rard, is a general Medicine in Chefhire, and other
Countries thereabout, known of all, and ufed with
mer Wild Claries, from whence come forth fquare | good faccef8.
hairy Stalks, two or three gee high, fet with bar- ‘der, narrower, and {moother Leaves, more deeply indented about the edges, and rounder pointed , the Howers are much lefs than the former , and neither in bigne/s, nor color, are they greatly differing from the Kowers of Spike or Lavender, they growing in Spaces and rundles as the reft do the Seed a like
XI, Obferv. 2. The Liquid Fuice, or Effence of the Leaves, given from two ounces to four or fix, mixed with a Glaf§ of Generous Wine, and drank warm, diffolves congealed Blood in the Stomach, warms and comforts it, and is very poo to help againit dimnefs, and to reftore the Eyes to their Priftine State. .
flower is not like to that of Vetonica, or Cantabri-
*to the Chapter under that Title, where we fhall
Chap. 139.
“CHAP. CXXXIX. Of CLOVE-GILLIFLOWERS.
1.’ HE Names. It was unknown to the Greeks,
as far as we can learn, but is called of the Latins, Caryopbyllus bortenfis, alfo Vetonica, Veto- nica altilis, Coronaria, Herba Tunica, Ocellus Damaf- cenus, and Barbaricus, of fome Cantdbrica Plinij, flos heagoicrr, Some will have them to be the Iphium Sok 2 in “ib. 6. cap. 6 & 7. others to be his Dios Anthos, or Flos Fours, but Ruellius faith that they were unknown to the O/d Writers ; and his judgment feems to be good, becaufe the Gi//i-
ca; and it is a wonder, fays he, that fuch a famous Flower, of fo pleafant a Form, and fweet a Smell, fhould lye hid, and not be known to the Ancients, which may be thought not inferior to the Ro/é, in its Variety, Smell, and admirable Beauty. The name Ceryophyllus was given.to it, I fuppofe, from its Smell, which is very like to that of the Indian Clove. We in Englifh call it Clove-gilliflower, and Gilliffowers ( quaft Fuly-flowers, becaufe they begin to flower in the Month of Fu/y ) fome alfo are called Carnations, but that name arifes chiefly from tbe color.
II. The Kinds. They -are either Garden or Wild : of the Garden Kinds we fhall treat in this Chapter. The Wi/d are vulgarly called Pinks, of which we fhall fay nothing here, but refer you |
fully difcourfe of them. Of the Garden Kinds, or Gilliflower, Lome are Single, and fome Double. The Single Clovegilliflower fome will have to be a Pink, but it is no fuch thing, for itis oftentimes produced by the Seed of molt of the Double Clove- gilliflowers, and differs from Pinks in its Shape, Magnitude and Smell : That all thé Kinds of Double Flowers produce Seed Iam apr to believe ; though fome of them, as the Clovegi/Iiflower and Carnation, not very often ; and Parkinfon fays, that they feldom give any Seed, as far as he could ob- ferve, and here in England, are ufually increafed by Slips. . o
III. Asto the Variety of Kinds of this Flower in refpett to their various and accidental differences, they are /ittle or few in their Roots, Leaves, Stalks, and manner of growing, but manifold in refpe& ‘to the Flowers ; as to their Form, Magni- tude, and Color, fome being: of-one Color, fome of another, fome of many, fome Striped; fome Spot- ted; fome' finely Dented only, fome_ Jagged’ or deeply Cut in, &c. I fay’as to thefe, we fhall take no notice, leaving that work to their confideration, who make the Fower Garden their whole bufinefs. Thofe which we fhall treat of here, are only the three following, ( which comprehend all the other Kinds, and Varieties under them) viz. 1. Caryo- phyllus bortenfis pleno rubro, The Clove-gilliflower of a deep Crimfon Red. 2. Caryophyllus maxrmis Anglicus, The Great Englifh Carnation. 3. Caryo- phyllus minor flore pleno, The \effer Carnation with a Double Flower. As to the firft of thefe, viz. the Clove-gilliflower, there are the Single Clove, and the ‘Double Clove ; only of the Double Clove, there are fome more Double than others. As to the fe- cond; viz. Caryopbillus maximus, or Great Carna- tion, with that which we defcribe in Seé#.’ V. fol- lowing. Parkinfon in his Garden of Flowers makes twenty feveral Varieties ; to wit, Ihe Great Eng-
Englilb Herbs. |
‘a
ge lifh, the Grey Hulo, the Red Hulo, the Blew Hulo, the Prince, the White Carnation, the French Carva- tion, the Ground Carnation, the Crpftal or Cryfal2 line, the Red Cryftal, the Fragrant, the firip’d Sa vage, the Blufh Savage, the Red Savage, the Oxford Carnation, the King’s Carnation, the Granado, the Grand Pere, the Camberfine, the Great- Red Lom- bard. As tothe Caryophyllys minor, or Lefer Car nation, called’a’Gillflower, we have in Parkinfon thirty four Varities, to wit, The Lejfer Carnation,
the Gallant_or Wefiminfier, the Brijlol Blew, Red —
Dover, Light or White Dover, Fair Maid, Queent Gilliflower, the Dainty, Brafil Gilliflower, Small Granado, the Turkie, Pool Flower, Pale Pageant, Dainty Lady, beft White Gilliflower, London White,
Stamell, Purple Gilliflower, Peach Color, blew Gil
liflower, Blufh Color, Great Tawney, Light Tawney, Sad Tawney, Deep Blufh, Pale Blufh, Infants Blufh, the Great Blufh, Marbled Tawney, Prince/s or Vari- able Tawney, ‘Haked Tawney, Feathred Tawney, Speckled Tawney, and Rofe Gilliflower.
q(' CD) fs . SII we ez y } a Va \ NW Wy Y Qe \\ ") DH AB Se NY j AGA //& WER YO = \, H Y U: 14, As SB 1 VW UVES ¢ IA ds 2 H J Wea af fp ° >. Ni: / i \ \/ / (IZ ; | |W y oy 1 HSA | f One, Gilliftower.
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft of thofe, or deep red Clove-gillitower, ( which is that which we onl ufe in Phyfick ) bas. apretty long, bard, or an Root, baving fome:fmall. fibres appendent thereto, which ‘endures all the Winter long, from this Root rifes up one or more Stalks, like to thofe of the Car- nations following, growing up fometimes to be a foot and half bigh, or more, which is round, of an Afh, or whitifh color; and pretty hard, not fo thick fet with Foints and Leaves, as are the Carnations fo/- lowing , but the Stalks are more in number,. the Leaves are narrower, and whiter for the moft part, and in fome doa little turn. The Flowers are much Jmaller thanthefe of the Carnation,of a deep red crim- fon color,very thick, and double in moft , the green busks in which they fland are alfo fmaller : the ends of the Leaves in this Flower (as in all the refi ) are dented or jagged, yet in fome more than in others. Some alfo have two white threads, crooked at the.
ends .
198 Salmons
ends like horns, in the middle of the Flower, where- as feveral others have none. "Thefe.kinds, and efpe- cially this that bas the Deep Red Crimfon colored Flower, do very well endure the Cold of our Winters,
and are with much lefs care pre This De- Seription take as a Prefident for all the kinds of Clove-gilliflowers.
Great Carnation.
MT
V. The fecond, or greateft Englifh Carnation, bas a Root which is branched ‘into feveral great, long, and woody Arms or Parts, having many {mall Fibres annexed to them, yet is very dificultly preferved in Winter, for which reafon it is not altogether fo com- mon as the other Carnations and Glove-gillitlowers. From this Root rifes up a great thick round Stalk, divided into feveral Branches, fomewhat thickly fet with Foints, and at every Foint two long Leaves, rather green than whitifh, fomewhat broader than Clove-gilliflower Leaves, turning or winding two or three times round ;( yet in fome otber kinds of Carna- tions, they are plain, but bending their points down- wards, and in fome alfo of a dark reddifh green co- lor, in others not fo dark, but rather of a whitifh green color: ) The Flowers ftand at the reps of the Stalks, in Jong, great, round, green husks, which are divided into five points, out of which rife many long and broad pointed Leaves, deeply jagged at the ends, fet in order, round and beautiful, making a noble great double Flower, of a deep Carnation color, almoft red, {potted with many blufh fpots and ftrakes, fome greater,and fome leffer,of an excellent, delightful and pel Sweet Smell, not too quick, as many o-
thers of this kind are, nor yet too dull, and with |
two whitifh crooked threads, like horns in the mid- die. This kind never bears many Flowers, but as it 7 flow in growing fo it is alfo. im bearing ; it is a magnificent Flower, and fhews a kind of reg & for it will not endure to be often handled. ‘This defcription may ferve pie! them of this kind.
VI. The third, or Leffer Kind of Carnation, has a Root much like to the former, but fometbing lef- Ser, having from it Stalks next the ground, thick fet, but with fmaller or narrower Leaves than the
| Herbal. |
greater than in others,
Lib. I. Clove-gilliflower for the moft part. The Flowers are like unto the Clove-gilliflowers, and about the fame bignefs and~ dupheity, ye in fome they are: much
aut yf a pale yellowifh Car- nation color, ( tending fometbing to an Orange) with two [mall white threads, and crooked at the ends, in the middle, but fome have none. The Smellis weaker than that of the Clove-gilliflower, yer delef- able enough to that Senfe. is kind is more apt to bear Seed than any other, which is fmall, black, flat, and long, and being Sown, yields wonderful va- rieties of Flowers, both Single and Double , fome being of a lighter or deeper color than the Original or Mother Plant , fome with ftripes in moft. of the Leaves ; others are foe or fpotted, like one of the great fpeckled Caxnations or Gilliflowers, iz various forts or kinds, and that both Single and Double : Some again are wholly of one color, like the Original or Mother Plant, and are either more or lefs Double than it , or elfe are Single, with one row of Leaves, like to a Pink. And fome of tele are alfo-wholly of a crimfon red, or deeper, or light- er, or variably potted, double, or fingle as a Pink, or blufh, either fingle or-doxble, yet but very fel- dom white ; whilft all of them in the green Leaves of the Stalks nothing at all perceptably differing.
Js }
Wii 4 \\\ | / SS =F
‘ a ~ TT ——<_— — INS
=
a — 4 4
(
7
Zi4/ | /
Gil NP flower
VII. The Places. Thefe are all nourifhed in Gar- dens throughout all England: of the firft. kind, I have feen whole Fields of them planted in Kent for the ufe of the Markets in London. The third was brought out of Si/efi2, but now is become 2 free Denizon, and abfolute native of this Kingdom, it growing and thriving as well here with us, as an. of the former. ; re
VIL. The Times. They Flower not until the heat _ } of the Year, which is about the latter end of Fume and in Fuly, (unlefS it be an extraordinary hot Sea” fon) and ‘they continue flowering, until the C of the Autumn nip them, or till they have whe pk themfelves out ; and are generally, (as
id before ) increafed y Fes The Clove- flowers by reafon of their hardnefS, being bet to endure the Cold of Winter, are nfually
N' Single
Oa ole As 1 i
ae “a al
ot adhe er hee ea
in Gardens: but the Carnations and Giliflowers, by reafon of theiz tendernefS, ane ufually Planted in Pots, that they may be houfed, and fo kepe and preferved from the extream cold of our Winters. LX. The Qualities. Thefe Plants.as to their Roots, Leaves and Flowers, are temperate in refpeft to . heat of cold : Aisicgsat maging Traumatick, Cordial, Neurotick, Alterative, and Alexipharmick. KX. The Specification. \t is peculiar againft Faint- ing and Swooning Fits. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. An Infpiffate Fwice. 2. A Syrup. 3. An Ef- fence. 4. A Conferve. §5.A Diftilled Water. 6. A Spirituous Tinfure, 7. An Acid Tintlure with Vinegar.
XIX. The Bg go Tindure. \t is a great Pre- fervative againft all manner of Malign, Intettious, and Peftilential Difeafes, and ought to be ufed pre- ventively, as firft in the Morning fafting ; fecondly about four in the Afternoon ; thirdly at Bed time. It more powerfully comforts the Stomach, chears the Heart, and tevives the Spirits, than any of the former Preparations. It may be prepared with common Spirit of Wine : and then itmay be taken alone of it felf, from one fpoonful to two, accord- ing to the Age of the perfon 5 or otherwife mixt with Wine, or fome other Vehicle.
XX. The Acid Tinffure made with Vinegar. lt comforts the Stomach much, cheats the Heart, helps
The Virtues.
XL, The Infpiffare Fuice. Ie is highly Cordial, and may be diffolved in white Port Wine or Cana- ry, to make a Tincture of at pleafure, againft faint- - ing and {wooning Fits, Sicknefs at Heart, Maligni-
of Choler, helps Expettoration, and quenches Thitit in burning tease nee an excellent thing to be given in the Cure of the Plague, and of all manner of Malign and Peftilential Difeafes.
ee re
fon. . rl eee in our m i B, 36. feu. 18. thus: Take Clavcgilitlowers”( the Whites
. 4 * Cc H A P. CHL being, cut off) a pound : infufe them all night in y Spring Water two pounds : being ftrained, with double-tefined white Sugar four pounds, make a Syrup (without boiling ) only by nein the Sugar. his Syrup is temperate in Qua in, ftrengthens the Heart, Stomach and Liver, it is dial, and may be mixt with
againft mali Fevers, and the e; asalfo aa Eanes, Swoonings and py me re- frefhes the Vital Spirits, chears the Heart, and re-
fifts Poifon. oe m3
XIV. The Syrup made with white Port Wine or
Canary. Xt is made exattly as , and has
all the fame Virtues; only it is a greater and more
famous Cordial, more powerful againft Faintings
. and Swoonings, to ¢ t a languishing Stomach, as alfo to cheat the Heart and sevive the Vital
Powers. :
XV. The Syrup made with Wine Vinegar. It is that with Water, putting in the fame quantity of Vinegat
of COCKLE
I, T HE Names. It is called in Greek, Avxou der ped wa: In Latin, Lychnis Segetum, Lychnoides Segetum , by Tragus, Githago, and makes it Rofe mariane genus fextum , Anthemon foliofum Ruellij ; Nigellaftrum 2 Anthemon Dodonai, Pfeudomelan- thium Matthioli , Lychnis fegetum major, Baybini ; & peceile he makes the A//ine Corniculata Clufij, to € his Lychnis feet minor : ) In Englifh, Cockle, or org id Campion
or liknefS of the word, thought it to be the true Gith, or Melanthium, but were abfolutely deceived ; for it not only differs in Leaves from the true Gith, but alfo in other properties : if it has any refem- blance to Nigel/a, it is more in the blacknefs of the Seed, than in the Flower, or in any thing elfe ; and
| chears the languifhing and drooping Spirits , it ry F f al therefore Masthiolus called it as aforefaid, P/emdo-
helps Digeftion, and prevails again proceeding from Choler or heat of as Malign \ and Peftilential Fevers, and Fevers not, Peftilential : . it cools the Blood, refifts Poifon, quenches Thirft, and is helpful againft the Vertigo. Dofe of any of
Ill. The Defeription. I# has a fmall and Ted Root, which perifhes as foon as it bas born Seed x from whence fprings up an upright hairy Stalk, thoot- ing forth Branches on all fides, with two long hairy, or foft Woolly Leaves at the Joints. The Flowers XVI. The Effence._ It has gil the Virtues of the |£79~ forth at the tops of the Branches, in hairy long {nfpiffate Juice and S mp it is good againft Di- rs of the Heart, He and Stomach, very Cor-
ial, {pecial Hettick Fevers, to ftop | evs 9pe7 and after they are paft, and laying them- Fates and help fuch as fpit Blood : and as it eae elves between the SO raed mined om when bi irits, fo it powerful- they are blown, which are of a bright reddifh purple
the Heart and revives
KVIL The: Te is Cordial, chears the | any of the Wild Lychnides or Campions. | Here is Heart and ensthe Stomach, and is only eaten | #0 be noted, that fome have obferved another Kind
of Cockle, with white Flowers, but having no other material difference befides.
IV. | moft of our Corz-fields, (pely in our Wheat-fields)
as a Sweet-meat. It is good for old People, to-eat
ina satiny, ‘ ‘XVUL The iftilled Water. St is made bya ve- heat in Balneo, is ¢ ial, and may be u-
to convey Cordial Medica- | throughout this whole dom : for which caufe it is of excellent Ufe to | Aippocraies calls it Medan: ex Tritico.
“Y. The Times. It Flowers in the beginning of Summer, and the Seed is ripe in Hareefising. wy
ipo Sihbont Fist
XV. The Peffary. Made of the Seed with Honey Being put up Re Wem it- provokes the T, as Hippocrates teftifies in his Book of Womens Dif=
Vi. Lhe Qualities. fe is hot and dry in the. end of the fecond Degree , Aperitive, Cleanfing, Nar- cotick, and Hyfterick.
VII. ‘The Specification. It is peculiar againft Scabs
- and running Sores.
VIII. The Preparations. You may prepare there- from, 1. A Decotion of the Herb in Red Port Wine. 2. A liquid Fuice. 3. A Decoétion of the Flowers in-Red Port Wine. 4. A Powder of the Flowers. 3. A Decottion of the Seed in Wine. 6. A Pouder z the Seed. 7. A Peffary of the Seed. 8.°A Bal- amt. ;
es
eafes. Neu. The et fe It is made of the Juice or green Leaves an Flowers, by boiling in Oil Olive
to crifpnefs, firaining out, and repeating the boiling
three ‘times, then mixing with every pound of that 4 Oily. Décoltion, twelve: ounces of Venice Turpentine, and fix ounces of Wax, boiling to a thicknefs. Tt j ‘ heals Wounds, ‘Ulcers, old: running Sores, Fiftula’s, by digefting, cleanfing, incarnating, drying, &c. aa
Sie” a pee
The Virtues.
_, [Xs The:Decottion of the Herb in Red Port Wine. Being taken‘invardly-two or three ounces at a time, It is good to ftop the Terms in Women, as alfo the Whites, and: to fto “any inward Bleeding ; it is good alfo: to open Obitraetion, of the Reins, Ure-|.- tets and Bladder,-and to provoke Urine, and-ex- |” VF Stones; Gravel, Sand; and other Tartarous
CHAP. CXLL a Of COCKS-HEAD.,
Sotes, Ulcers, Cankers, Fiftula’s, &c, by. corre&ting d-drying up:the moift. Humors
whieh the Decoftion of the Herb is good’; but is |. withal a more pleafant and delicate Medicine, and
Morning and Evening... It is' a —s ro)
Obftructions in the Reins-and Bladder:
‘ Mouth, and Gums, ftops the Putridity, eleanfes and heals them. It isigood.againft Poifon, ftinging of fa Scorpions, and’ the ‘bitings of Serpents, or other
Venomous Beatts.
oe wardly given, it is good againft the Plague, Malign FI and Peftilential Difeafes, and the bitings of Ser- pents, or other Venomous Creatures. Outwardly } applied to, or ftrewed upon Ulcerated Kibes, it ef: Ea aK feciually cleanfes them, drys up the humidities, and b heals them, tho’ the Ulcer has penetrated to the
Bone.
XIII. The Decottion of the Seed in Wine. It helps fuch as are. ftung by Scorpions, being inwardly ta- ken to two or three ounces ; and the place outward- ly bathed therewith. It has alfo an efpecial pro- perty to cure the Itch, as alfo Scabbinefs, and run- ning Sores ; and to correct the putrid Humors flow- ing to any Wound, Ulcer, or Fiftula.
RV. The Pouder of the Seed. Being given’ from
a dram to.two drams, according to the age of the
Perfon, and ftrength. of the Conttitution, ir has been
found to purge the Belly of Cholerick- Humors, to
expel Poifon, and refift the malign force’ of the
f Plague: It is alfo of very good ufe in all forts of sunning Sores, old Ulcers, inveterate Cankers, pu- trid and malign Fiftula’s, and the like ; for it Te- fifts the putridity, cleanfes and dries.up the Moi- {ture, aa heals beyond all imagination. Ofavius
‘ae
Horatianus gives the Seed parched, and beaten to pone to be drunk againft the Yellow Jaundice.
of n
ma By pao a ee in the: Mouth; it cleanfes, drys up, and ‘heals
i Cankers, running Sores, and Ulcers in the Throat,
~ XID The Pouder of the Howers. It may be given
toadram in Red Port Wine, againft all forts of
. Fluxes, (and Bloody-fluxes in’ {pecial.) of the Bel- ana >>’ ly, Reins, and Womb: “outwardly applied to Sores and old Ulcers, it cleanfes, drys and heals them. In-
Za —
5 HE Names. It is called in Gr eck, ( by the T Ancient Herbarifts) Ovégeuys ; and is thought to be the Onobrychis of Diofcoridés , in Latin, Ono- brychis, and Caput Gallinaceum™: ‘In Englifh, Cocks: head, Medick Fetch, and Red Fetcbling. e+ x I]. The Kinds. Authors make many ‘varieties a hereof’; Parkinfon makes nine Kinds ; but whereas they are not all Natives of ‘our Countrey, we fhall only defcribe thofe which are natural to the place, , and to be had with -us;-which are chiefly three, vig. 1. Onobrychis vulgaris, Caput Gallinaceum , Onobrychis Dodonei, Clufij, Thaliy ; Glaux five Ono- 4 brychis Gefneri in hortis 5 Caput Gallinaceum Bel- ee garum Lobeli ; the leffer fort of which is called by ve Baubinys, in Prodromo, Caput Gallinaceum minus ; i Cocks-bead, the Common Kind, alfo Medick Fetch- o ling; and by the French, Saimt Foin : But this isnot the Saint Foin fo much talked of for the ‘Improve-. ment of Land, that we have difcourfed ‘of before in Chap. 135. where we have fhewed the excellent : ufes thereof in Agriculture, 2, Onobrychis thee pr
int of heat or coldnefS, drynef$ or moifture : and fays in ag on ‘the Bonaltinn of Simple Medicaments, That. they rarifie, or e
and wafte away. This is Experi- ence ithe feedi : Cattel with, re fist they are Galaffogenctick, or breeders of Milk.
Chapl vas. Bagh Horde
20}
Hore purpurea, Onobrychis Pannonica prima Clufij ; Cicer Affragaloides Pone ; {piked Cocks-bead with purple Flowers. 3. Onobrychis floribus Ceruleds, Onobrychis Pannonica fecunda Clufij, Bew Flowred Cocks-head. :
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft or common kind bas a Root tohich is tough, and fomewhat woody ; from whence Spring forth feveral weak but rough Stalks, leaning downwards, about a foot and half high, befet with Winged Leaves, each being longer and more pointed, than thofe of: Lentils, and ‘whitifh under- neath from the tops of thefé Stalks rife up other Stender Stalks, naked wnithout'Leaves, unto the tops, where there grow many fmall Flowers, in manner of a Spike, of a pale reddifh color, with fome blewne/s among them : after which rife up in ‘their places rough, round, and fomerohat flat bedds. Of this fir Species, Baultinus bas given*us the Defcription of a leffer, differing in nothing from the former, but only in the. magnitude, or rather fmallnefs thereof.
- IV. The fecond has a Root great and long, bard, and of a woody fubftance, fpreading it fet, ‘far abroad, and growing very deep into the ground , from whence rife up many Stalks, efpecially when it is grown to an old Plant, round, bard, and leaning to the ground like the other Pulfes, and has Leaves very like Ga-
lega, or the Wild Vetch, of a bitter oe ge and loath-.
P round fafbion, three Inches in length, and in pape like
about a foot and balf A hey th aes peat . The, Leaves are li
color, tending to purple. The Flowers being fallen, Small Cods come het ;
Diofcorides defcribes it thus ; Onobrychis has Leaves like a Lentil, but longer, a Stalk a Span bigh, a crim- fon Flower, and a little Root ; and grows in moift and untilled places. Pliny writes thus ; Onobry- chis has the Leaves of aLentil, but fomewbat longer, a red Flower, and a fmall and flender Root , and that it grows about Springs, or ¥ountains of Wa-
ters. ‘VIL. The Places. The firft and fecond grow ( fays Gerard ) upon Barton-bill, four Miles Lew-
ton in Bedfordfbire, and likewife upon the Graffe Balks, between the Corn Lands two Miles from Cambridge, near to a Water Mill towards Lozdon , and in divers other places in the way from Cam- bridge to London. The third grows not Wild here, but is only nourifhed up in Gardens.
Vill. Times. They all Flower from the end of Fune to the end of Auguf?, and the Seed is ri- — in the mean Seafon, and in fome little time
IX. The Qualities. They feem to be temperate
oil, but.
Campeftris
X. The Specification. ‘They have been’ found ‘to be fingular good for the difcuffing, confuming, or wafting away of hard ‘Tumors or Swellings.
XL. The Preparations. You may have therefrom; 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Powder of the Leaves. -4: An Oil. §. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
XII. The liquid Fuice. Taken. from two ounces to fix, eithet alone by it felf or mixt with a Glafs
‘of White Port Wine, it prevails againft the Stran-
guy, and all Obftructions of Urine, caufed by tones, Gravel, Sand, or Tartarous Matter in Reins or Bladder : and taken by Nurfes, it caufes them to breed abundance of Milk. Oe
XIII. The Effence. It has the former Virtues, but opens and cleanfes more, being taken in like man- © ner, Morning and Eyening : Bathed upon any Tumor or Swelling, not malign nor maturated, it difcuf- fes or waftes it away. Dofe from two, to three ot four ounces.
XIV. The Pouder of the Leaves. Diofcorides fays, that if it is drunk with Wine (I fuppofe from one dram to two drams, ‘Morning and eens ) it cures the Strangury- It has indeed a fingular faculé ‘ty to open Obitructions of the Urinary parts.
XV. “The Oil, made by boiling hd Green Herb in O:l Olve to Crifpnefs, and repeating the Operation
or four times, and f0 ftraining it out. This, fays Diofcorides, being anointed on the Body, it — Sweating. Anointed on hard Tumors, it oftens them, is difcuffive, and caufes them to wafte,
away.: -
XL The Cataplafm. Being bruifed green, and laid on ( in the form of a Cataplafin, ) upon hard Tumors or Swellings, or waxen Kernels in the Neck, or Throat, or in other Parts ; it caufes them. to confume and wafte away; and this more efpe- cially, if the Juice or Effence, aforefaid, be taken daily, Morning and Evening, in a Glafs of White Port Wine, as is direfted , and the Patients withal, purge once or twice a Week (according as their
ies will bear it) with my Family Pills.
CHAP. CXLIL Of COCKS-COMB.
I. HE Names. The Ancients we cannot find
knew any thing of this Plant, unlefS it be "Arexresacg@- Plinij, i. e. gallinacei oe habens: Our Moderns call it in Latin Crifta Galli, vel Galli- nacea, becaufe the Flowers, as fome think, ftand at the tops of the Stalks, like a Cocks Comb; others think it to be fo called from the form of the Leaves, whofe dentings on the edges, refemble the Comb, or Creft of a Cock : In Exgii/h, it is cal- led Cocks Comb, Yellow Rattle, and Yellow Loxfe-
wort.
Il. The Kinds. It is one of the Kinds of Rattle. Grafs, or Loufe-wort. Now Rattle-Gra/s is either Yellow or Red ; the Yellow, which is called Cocks+ Comb, we fhall treat of in this place ; the Red we fhall treat of under the Title of Rattle-gra/s Red, in fome of the Chapters following. Or the 2e/ow Kind there are four Species, of which two of them are only found to grow in Exgland, viz. 1. Criftg Galli Lutea, Crifta Gallinacea, Crifta Galli Bauhini , Pedicularis F spor lutea Baubini ; Pedicularis
ragi, Crifta Galli vel Gallinacea Do- , Dd denai,
nea
. great broad husks, containing the Seed.
" < 2 4 < : ‘ : . ? 202 Salmon’s Herbal. Lab. I. donei, Lobelij,Clufy , Cocks Comb, Yellow Rattle,| IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
and Yellow Loufe-wort. 2. Crifla Galli Lutea|1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decotti-
aly Bauhimi, Yellow Rattle, with Tufted] on in Wine or Water. 4. The whole Seed. owers,
The Virtues.
X. The liquid Fuice. Mf it is mixt with Honey, and put into the Eyes, it takes away Mifts, Clouds, Films, and other things which dim the fight: mixt with a usta Beals weak Lime Water, it ry up Rheums in the Eyes, and heals any Sore or Ul- cer with which they may be affected.
XI. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Juice, befides which, being dulcified with White or Brown Sugar Candy, it isan excellent thing againft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefs, Wheezings, and fhortnefS of Breath. Dofe a {poonful or two at a time.
| 3 SS \\\ i , ~ , | WK Vase... Ne Ss SY ) WPL, ® WHS O© OD
Ei yellouRattle S74 (\ or Cackscombe
it cures dimnef§ of fight from any pure external Caufe, and removes Mifts, CloudinefS, Films, Skins, ot Pearls, or any other outward matter which obfuf- cates the fight.
CHAP. CXLIIL
| of COLEWORT Garden Ill. The Defctiptions. The Common Cocks Comb, or Yellow Rattle, has a Root fmall and flen- der, which perifhes every Year, from which Root Seldom grows more than one round green Stalk, which rifes up about half a yard, or two feet high, and with but few Branches theredn, having two long, and Jomewhat broad Leaves fet at a Foint, deeply dent- ed, or cut-in on the edges, refembling therein the Creft or Comb of a Cock, broadejt next to the Stalk, and narrower or {maller towards the end. The Flow- ers grow at the tops of the Stalks, with fome shorter Leaves with them, being hooded as the Red Rattle- Grafles are ; but of a fair yellow color in moft, or elfe in fome paler, and in fome more white : The Seed is contained in large Husks, which being ripe will rattle, and make a noife, it lying loofe within them. IV. The fecond bas a fmall flender Root, which Sends forth a few narrow Leaves, of about an Inch long apiece ; and a Stalk from among them but a lit- tle more than an hand breadth high, on which grow many yellow Flowers, fet together at the “Ps as it were in an Umble or Tuft, fafhioned like the other with hooded and gaping yellow Klowers, but three times longer than thofe , which being paft away, leave
V. The Places. They grow in our Meadows and Woods generally through the Land ; where they are rather a Plague and Annoyance to it, than of aa good ufe for Cattel. Gerard fays, that the firit grows, in dry Meadows and Paftures, and is account- ed as an unprofitable thing. i a2
VI. ‘The Times. They Flower in Fune, Fuly, and} I. HE Names. It isccalled in Greek; Kequhn,
~ Augujt, and the Seed ripens in the mean Seafon. Be Attice, Koesufn, Vel Kogsabrn * It isalfo cal-
VII. The Qualities. It is held to be cold and diy, led *Apétus@-, (not becaufe it drives away drunken- of an Alterative property, and Peftoral. nefs, but alfo becaufe it is like im colorto'the Ame-
VOL. The Roncihaston. It is peculiar againft] shy/?, ) which name is intended of the firft forrof Coughis, and Difeafes of the Lungs, | the following Coleworts : In Latin, Brafficeyand by
XIll. The whole Seed. If it is put into the Eyes,
ee
Stalk, Flowers, Cods, and feed ‘not much differing
Roots, Stalk, broad, thick, fat Leaves, Hlowers, Cods >
the Apothecaries, Cau/is : In Exglifh, Cole, and. Cole- ; wort. et; cote oa 2 Land Seed, that it-toould Seem, to be wholly the fame - Il. The Kinds. There are two principal Kinds, | izdividual Species, did not the color make the diffe- viz. 1. The Headed Colewort, which is our Common rence, that being of a green color, this of a Red 7 Cabbage, of which we have at large Treated in|/ome of a deep purple, others ofva lighter Red, and Chap. 103. aforegoing.» 2. The not headed, or open | fome of a rediifh Green. , mT a Colewort, of which there are feveral Species; viz. |. hw ty 1. The Garden Kinds, of- which in this ‘Chapter. 2. The Cole-Flower, of which in Cap. 144. - 3.*The Wild Kind, cf which in Cap. 145. 4 The Sea Cole- wort, of which in Cap. 146. OF the Garden: Kind there are many Species, as 1. Braffica vulgaris fativa, Our common’ Garden Colewort. 2. Braffica’fativa Crifpa, Curled Garden Colewort. 3. Braffica Ru- bra, The common Red Colewort. 7 4. Braffica Pa- tula, The open Cabbage* Colewort : Of all which in their order. : Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft which is our com- mon Garden Colewort, has a woody ftrong Root, with many Fibres or Strings adjoining ‘to it : From. which Root rife up many broad, thick, fat Leaves, of a deep black &reen color, through. the. middle of which
high on the backfide, with man Smaller Ribs or Branches rifing > i that middle Rib, of Reddifh, Whitifp, gnd Afh-colors. The Stalk grows out of the midft from among thefe Leaves,*which /preads it felf forth into ‘fevéral -Branches,: bearing ‘at the top, {mall yellow Flowers : thbich Flowers being paft, long Cods Jucceed, full of round Seed, like thofe of the Turnep, but fmaller.
~ a a |
VI. The fourth Kind, bas a Root fomewhat thick, firong,,and woody, filled with almoft an innumerable company of fibres, fome greater, fome fmaller, fome Shorter, and fome longer, like in number as it were to the hairs of ones bead , from which Root fprings up one thick Stalk, baving at top thereof a great thick head of crumpled Leaves : the Leaves are large, and of a white green color, and fet with thick large .| white Ribs : the outermoft of which gather the reft of the Leaves clofely together, which are lefjer than thofe next the ground, thefes lye open moft part of the Summer, without any JSeemingnefs to clofe : but towards the end.of the Summer; being grown to have a great many*Leaves, it then feems as if it would Shut up; or ye together 5 but ftanding a while at a Jtay, it.on the: contrary rather dilates and Spreads it Jef abroad, looking fometbing like a thick, bard, whitened Colewort, and is indeed nothing elf.
VII. There‘are befides thefe, feveral other Species | of edible, Coleworts ;: fome Curled, and wholly ofa Green color, fome of divers colcrs in one Plant, as White, Yellow, Red, Purple, or Crimfon, fo vari- ably mixed as to caufe admiration, the Leaves be- ing curled on the edges like a Ruff, very beautifiil to behold. 2. There is alfo another cur? Colewort, of lefS beauty and refpett, being but a little curl’d on the edges, whofe Leaves are white, and edged with green: or green and. edg’d. with white. 3. There are two other forts of Coleworts, one of a Popinjay green color: the Other of a fine deep green, like unto the Savoys. 4. There is the Co/e Rape, which is alfo a Colewort, which bears a white Head, or headed Stalk above the ground, as large
IV. The fecond, or Crifped. Kind, bas a Root, from the former : but the Sreateft difference lyes in the ‘magnitude, this ferris leffer than the former 3 and in the Leaf, this being divided with many.deep Cuts, even to the middle Rib on both} as a reafonable Turnep, but longer, and from the Sides,.by which means it becomes rough every where top whereof fpring our divers great Leayes, like in its aoe cae very much Crifped or Curled. unto other Co/eworts, among which: rife up divers
V. The third ts fo like unto the firft in its \ Stalks, which bear yellow Flowers, and i in Pas 2 Ods;’
Salmon’s
204,
Pods, almoft as fall as Multard Seed, whofe as an Exthine, up the Noftrils, it Root is very long, and very thick or bufhy, with a]}and Brain, of Cold, Moift, an
~vaft number of Fibres.
VII. The Places. They all of them grow every where through England, Scotland and Ireland, in Gardens, being chiefly nurs’d up to fupply the Mar- kets, and for the ufe of the Kitchin.
IX. The Times. They all Flower in Fuly, and their Seed is ripe in the end of Axguft.
X. The Qualities. They are temperate in refpett to heat or cold, but are faid to be drying in the firft Degree, and of a binding Faculty : and yet the Broth of the firft tg oa Authors fay, loofens the Body ; the fecond Deco€tion (fay they ) is only Aftringent. They abound with a certain Nitrous or Salt Quality, whereby they mightily cleanfe the Bowels, whether in their Juice or Broth : but the fubftance of the Colewort is of a drying and binding Faculty, becaufe in boiling it loofes its Saline Particles, and leaves them in the Decoétion or Broth.
XI. The Specification. They are peculiar againft Afthma’s, breathing Obftrufted, and fhortnefs of Breath ; for being of a cleanfing quality, by taking away the fupertuity of matter in the Lungs, and other Bowels, they fo open the Paflages, as to - Jeave the parts for refpiration free and clear.
XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. Aliquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Syrup made with Honey. 4. ALoboch. 5. A Decoftion. 6. A Collyrium. 7. ACataplafm. 8. Afbes of the Stalks. g. Lhe Seed. 10. A Sallet.
The Virtues.
XIIL. The hes Fuice. Pliny fays, that if it is mixed with Wine, and dropt into the Ears, it is beneficial againft DeafnefS. Diofcorides fays, that if it is mixed with Juice of Hlowers de duce and Nitre, that it will make the Body foluble. The Juice having fome Nite diflolved in it, and ufed
Herbal. Lib. I. Purges the Head
Pituitous Hu- mors.
XIV. The Effence. Being mixed with Wine, and fo drunk, it helps fuch as are bitten by Vipers or Adders, or any other Venomous Serpent. It is alfo
ood for thofe who have been Poifoned by eating enomous Mufhrooms. Dofe three or four onnces twice a day.
KV. The Syrup made of the Fuice with Honey, It is good againft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfhef&, fhort- nefs of Breath, and lofs of Voice : and being often ufed, it caufes eafie Expe€toration ; heals the ungs, and forenef§ of the Stomach, and f0 is good for fuch as.are entring into a Confumption. fe two
laga, €7c.
VI. The Loboch, or Eletiuvary. Vf it is made of the Pulp of the Stalks with Honey, it is good for fuch as are {hort winded, and are purfie, breath difficultly, and havea vehement Cough. You muft take the middle flefhy Ribs, boil them in Milk till they are foft, then take out their Pulp, and fo mix it with Honey to a Lohoch or Ele€tuary.
XVII. The Decoftion. It encreafes Milk in Nur- fes ; and being drunk, ftrengthens the Nerves and eng And Gerard fays, that if thofe fores in the
yes called Carcinomata, be wathed therewith, it heals them, ‘though they could be healed by no other means. The firft Deco€tion loofens the Bel-
| ly, but the fecond binds it: The firft is {aid to pro-
voke the Terms, and caufe Conception, but the fe- cond hinders it. - Ifthe Deco€tion is made in Cock
Broth, by boiling the Coleworts with the Cock, it
will be a fingular help for fach as are troubled with Wind, and Griping Pains in the Stomach and Bel- ly. The fame Broth, is alfo very good for thofe
who are troubled with Obftructions of the Liver -
and Spleen ;'and for fuch as have Stones, Gravel, Sand, or other Tartarous Matter in the Reins, Ure- ters, or Bladder. Taken before meat, it is-av good thing to keep one from Surfeiting, as .alfo from DrunkennefS, though they’ drink much Wine, by reftraining and keeping down the Vapors, which otherwife would afcend up, and intoxicate the Brain; and this it will the more effe€tually do, if it is made pleafantly or pewly Sow with Juice of Limons. Swoln and mmnetey ds, Knees, Legs, and Feet, ( into which grofs Humors are protruded or fallen ) being bathed with Deco€tion of Cole- worts Warm, eafes the Pain, difcufles the Humor, and takes away the Swelling. The Decoétfion (as alfo the Fuice and Effence ) cleanfes, dries, and heals ScabbinefS, old Ulcers, and filthy running Sores, being often wafhed therewith. And Galen fays, it cleanfes fo ftrongly, that it will even Cure the Leprofie.
XVI. The Collyrium. It is made of the Juice, Effence or Decoétion, by diffolving Honey in the fame, three ounces of } to every Pint. This being often dropt into the Eyes, it clears the fight by removing any Cloudinefs, Film, or Pearl : it is helpful againft mations. and Blood-fhot, and alfo cures fore and running Eyes.
XIX. The Cataplafm. Made of the Juice or Effence with Pouder of Fenugreek, and applied, it eafes the Pains of the Gout, and difcuffles the Tumor : it al- fo heals filthy running Sores, and old putrid Ul- cers. Ifit is made of the Leaves beaten to a Pul- tice, it prevails againft all forts of Inflammations, and hot Tumors. If it is made of the Herb or Juice, made into a Body with Barley Meal or Flow- er, and a litthe Commen Salt, it is faid to-break Carbuncles, or at leaft fome kind of Tumors,
much refemble them, If it is made-up into a Pei- fata
ounces two or thre> times a day, in Tent, Mal-
Fe .
Chap. 144. Eagh/b Herbs. 205 fary, and fo put up the Womb, it provokes the| worts. Thefe Flowers have a much plesfanter tafte, p Tea “ age than either ances or Cabbages of ph kind, on KK. The Afhes of the Statks. They are wonder- | therefore are the more Valuable ax for Food. fully drying and piercing, fo that they almoft be- come Cauftick ,; being mixed with Hogs Lard, the mixture is very effectual to, apoint the fides and Fe. Stomach of fuch, who have of a long time been pained in thofe or in any other place, where | the pain arifes from the oppscizon of the Spleen, or | excef$ of the. Melancholly Humer, by “helping to digeft it, and difcuffing flatulencies. XI. The Seed. Being bruifed and drunk, it kills Worms, as Galen fays : it alfo takes away freckles of the Face, and other parts of the Skin, Sunburn- ings, Tanning, Scurf, Morphew, and other Defor- Zyities thereot. Atheneus alfo fays, that it takes ' away Drunkennefs. :
\ XXII. The Se//et. The fourth fort eaten raw, be- ing chopt fmall, and drefs’d up with Vinegar, Oil, Salt, and Muftard, ftrengthen the Stomach, caufe a good Appetite, preferve from DrunkennefS, and caufe a good Digeftion. “The firft kind, or any of the reft, being boiled with Meat till they are foft,
_ then chopt fmall, and drefS’d up with melted But- ter, Vinegar and Salt, become an admirable Sallet for fuch as have weak Stomachs, or are going into aConfumption, have dim Eyes, are affetted with the Spleen, Flatulencies or Melancholly, or are trou- bled with Tremblings of the Limbs, or the Palfie. The Ancient Romans t them to be effeétual againft all Difeafes of the > Whether Inward or Outward, for which reafon Chry/ippws wrote a whole Volume of theirs Virtues, applying them to all parts ofthe Body. And that the Senate of Rome having expell’d all the Phyficians out of their Territories for the fpace of fix hundred Years, did for all that length of time, preferve and maintain their health, agpind the affaults of all Difeafes, by the only ufe
thefe Plants.
IV. The Places. Ter grow in moft parts of Ez- rope, but very plentifully in Exgland, Scotland and Ireland, and are only nourifhed up in Gardens.
V. The Times. The Colle-Flower muft be planted in April ina Bed of hot Horfe-dung, and covered with Straw, or the like, to keep it from cold and frofty Mornings ; and having gotten about fix Leaves, then it is to be removed into the place where you defign it fhall grow. The Flowers are in their Prime in moft of the Summer Months.
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with Cabbages and Coleworts, of which we have already fpoken in Cap. 103. and 143. aforegoing, to which you are referred : only take this Note, That for the Table and Food, this is much the more excellent and noble Plant. Note alfo, That being boiled in Milk, and then eaten with Sweet frefh Butter, and Salt, and Juice of Li- mons, they have been found to reftore admirably in Confumptions.
CHAP, CXLIV. of COLEFLOWER.
L HE Names. 1 cannot find that this Plant _ was ever known to the Greeks ; for which reafon it has no Greek name : or yet that the An- cient Romans had any knowledge thereof : but our Modern Authors call it in Letiz, Braffica florida, Caulis florida, Cauli flora, Braffica Cypria, in Englifh, Cole Flowers, and Colle-Flower's. | Ul. The Kinds Itisa Plant, but is cer- i, tainly one of the Kinds of Co/eworts : and that Spe- cies, which P/iny lib. 19. cap. 8. calls Braffica Pom- |! eiana. , | f Ul, The Defctiption. It hag a Root fpread out into feveral pretty thick Branches, which are full of Fibres or Strings, from which fpring forth divers large Leaves, which are large, of a whitifb green co- t lor , very like to Cabbage Leaves, flightly indented about the edges, yet fmaller, narrower fomewhat, and harper pointed than shofe of Cabbage : Iz the midft of which Leaves, fometimes in the beginning of Au- tumn, and fometimes fooner, there rifes up a great
white Head of white bard Blowers clofely thruft to- geiher,
CHAP. CXLV. of COLEWORT Wild.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kesuén dye: In Latin, Braffica Syhveftris : and in Englifh, Wild Colewort.
\. The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant, and the fe- cond Species of Coleworts, being the Wild Kind. times they are of 4 Milk, or Cream, or| 11. The Defcription. It has a Root pee thick, white color : thefe never open, or pnd (pread into fome Branches, with feveral Fibres ads with us, and are then fitteft for the Table, the | joining, white, hard, and fomewhat woody, from
aves being cut tothe Head: in| whence rife Several Leaves, and one principal Sports the Plana pe like ta the Cole-| Stalk
» unlike
aves are long and broad, not much
*
2
206 Salmon’s Unlike the common Garden Colewort leaf alfo the whole Plant ) being greyifh, long, roundifh Leaves, much galhed or torn made aie ' 14 thefe ground Leaves rifes up the faid Stalk, bearing Such like, but fmaller Leaves, which is fpread forth into divers Branches : at the tops of which Branch- es, grow finall yellow Flowers, which being paft a- way, they are fucteeded by {mall rough. Pods, which contain within them fmall round Seed. This Plant vs of its own nature Wild, and therefore not ufed as Food, or fought after for that pbicnth
AT re RAZ
IV. The Places. It grows in moft parts of Eng- Jand in open Fields, and new digged Ditch Banks, and fuch other like Grounds: and is in fome pla- ces Husbanded and Sown for the Seed fake, which is many times very gainful.
V. The Times. It may be Sown in the Spring |/ex shore , at Lidde in Kent, and at Col/chefter in
time, as in March and Apri/, and fometimes in May. It Flowers in Fu/y, and the Seed is ripe in Auguft or September.
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Garden Colewort : ( except in the matter of eating them as Food, which is wholly forborn: ) and for any Me- dicinal Ufe, whether internal or external : The Wild is much to be preferred, as being much ftrong- er, and fo more powerful to all the purpofes and intentions, the Garden are faid to be good for, or againtt.
C HA P. CXLVL. of COLE WORT, Sea.
1. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kedubn iadtug ¢ In Latin, Braffica Marina, Braffica Marina multiflora, Braffica Maritima Baubini, Braf-
in fhape,\ fica Marina Monofpermos, Braffica Marina Anglica © fubftance, and color, but that they are lefs, (-as # | Gerardi: In Enhih, Sea Colewort. iF
os Authors fay ) doth by its bitter Quality, and
Herbal. ‘Lib. J
Il. The Kinds.. It is the laft of the principal forts of Coleworts, and a fingular Plant of the Kind.
Sta Olenort ,
Iil. The Defeription. It has @ Root fomewhat Great, fhooting forth many Branches under ground, having many ¥ibres alfo adjoined, and keeping its Leaves green all the Winter. From this Root rife ?. Several fomewhat broad and large, thick wrinkled Leaves, and as it were curled about the edges, grow- ing each upon a pera thick Footftalk, very cafie tobe broken, and fo tender, that they can fcarcely be handled without breaking, of a greyifh green co- lor , from among which rifes up a (trong thick Stalk, two feet or more bigh , Cubits, fays Gerard, with Some Leaves thereon, up to the top, where it branch- es much out ; on every Branch flands adarge Bufb of pale whitifh Flowers, conjifting of four Leaves a-. piece, which being paft away, {mall roundifh, or thick and fhort Pods come forth, containing each but one roundifh, greyifh Seed apiece, of the bignefs of a Tare, or Vetch, and much greater than Sol or Sea Bindwe&ll, to which Plant this Sea Colewort vs not in the leaft meafure akin ; though fome Au- thors have miftaken the former, viz. Soldanella, for this latter.
IV. The Places. It grows in many places upon the Coaft of Exg/and, as well on the Kentifh as Ef-.
Effex : Gerard fays it grows Naturally upon the Bayche and Shores of the Sea, where there is no Earth to be feen but Sand, and Rouling Pebble Stones, which they who grow near the Sea, call, Bayche : he found it growing between Whitftable, and the Ife of Thanet, near the Brink of the Sea, and in many places near to Cochefter, and in other places by the Sea fide.
V. The Times. It Flowers in the end of Fuze, and all Fuly, and the Seed is ripe towards the end of Auguft.
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, até the fame with thofe of the Garden Colewort, ( except thofe various Preparations and Ufes of them for Food ) but in all the cafes there mentioned, this is the ftronger, and more effica- cious.
VIL. Note 1. The Decottion of the Sea Colewort,
Nitrous Particles, open the Belly, and purge the Body ; but as Ga/en thinks, not without fome hurt or damage thereto, becaufe it differs much’ from the Temperature of our Bodies, being hotter and drier than the Garden Kinds : For as all a R
i a
‘
= ; el
.
Chap: 147: Englifh Herbs. — 207
Operations, fo alfo this ; for which seafon it di- efts and cleanfés more powerfully than the others
Ul. The Defcriptions. The knglith, o- European Kind, bas a Root {mall and. white, {preading very much.in the ground, Jo that where it once takes, the Sround is very difiicultly cleanfed from it again; for if any little piece or bit of it remains therein, it will from it {pring forth afrefh. From this Root flender naked Stalks hoot up very early in the beginning of Marchi, or April, about a fpan long, bearing at their tops fmall yellow lowers, which quickly fade away, and after they are paft, Leaves broad and fomewbat roundifh come up, yet fometimes a little dented about the edges, much leffer, thicker, and greener than thofe of Butter Burr, with a little downy hoarine/s, over the upper fide of the green Leaf, which may be — atoay, and whitifh or: mealy underneath the
af.
0. Asa VIII. Note 2. The young Leaves ‘boiled in age of Pot-Afhes, ( as prcieeetes fays, )or in Fair Wa- ter (as is moft ufual in our times) are eaten as other Coleworts.are, by feveral poor. People near the Sea, the boiling taking away much of the bit- ternefS thereof.
IX. Note 3. The young Leaves, or their Fuice, applied to Sores or Ulcers, cleanfes and heals them, diffolves Tumors, or Swellings, and takes away In- Hammations.
CHAP. CXLVIL of COLTS-FOOT.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Biryov, alfo Xapassvun : In Latin, Tuffilago , but by the A- thecaries, Farfara, and Ungula Caballina, of fome opulago, ( from its likenefS to the Popelar Leaves ; ) Farranum, and Farrugium Plinij , of divers Pala Eguina,alfo Bechium, Chamaleuce, ( from the Poplar ree, Called in Greek, Atvxn , ) In Englifh, Colts-foot, Fole-foot, and Horfe hoof : Gerard fays, it may very well be called Cough Wort,
WN///
Coltsfoot i. 4 flower:
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fh Ii Wy
( I Y
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IV. The American hs @ Root which confi of a Bufh of blackifh Threads or Fibres, ( which abide the hardnefs of the Winter, both the Stalks and pac pst ae yearly, ) but grow brownifh at the end: From this Root rife up many round Stalks about a foot and half bigbh, and two broad, and fome- | what round, but pointed Leaves, a little dented about the edges, at each Foint of them, the upper Leaves being fmaller, and iittle or nothing dented : at the tops of the Stalks come forth feveral Branches with many pure white Flowers, being but fmall, and made of e Leaves apiece, rifing out of each busk, which eing paft, there fucceeds Snall long Seed, flicking each to alittle Downe, which are carried away toges ther with the Wind : The whole Plant has litle or no Smell, neither Root, Leaf, nor Flower, what foever
Cornutus fays to the contrary. V. The Places. It, viz. the firft, ufually grows wet grounds, as alfo in dryer places: It is found likewife near unto Springs, and on the brinks of Brooks and Rivers, in wet Furrows, by Ditch fides, and in Ditches, and in other moift and watry places near unto the Sea, almoft every where. The /atter grows in America, in many places of Canada, New Nge
Il. The Kinds. Camerarivs makes three forts of Bechium, or Tuffilago, viz. 1. The True, which we intend in this Chapter. 2. The Peta/ites, of which we have treated before in Cap. 100. and the Ca/tha
= ,
Sek hal
the end of February, or beginning of March, and the Leaves appear about the middle or latter end
_ Catarths, and helps in Confumptions. Dofe
208 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
XVIL. The Tinder. It is made, as Matthiolys fays, of the Cotton or white Wool, which grows in fome parts of the Root ; the faid Corton ing cleanfed from the Roots, and bound up hard in Li. nen Cloths, and boiled in Lye for a while ; then adding fome Salt-petre to it, it is to be dried in the Sun. This, fays Perkinfon, is the beft: Tinder to take Fire that can be, being ftruck from a Flint, Applied to moift Ulcers, it dries up their Humidities,
England, New York, New Ferfey, Penfylvania, Vir- Sia, and Carolina, in which laf res) have found it feveral times, travelling through moift, wet, and Moorifh places.
VI. The Times. The firft begins to Flower in
of March, when the Flowers are all gone, and re- main green-all the Summer long ; and for this caufé it has been thought that Co/ts-foor had never born Flowers, as Pliny /ib. 26. cap. 6. has hinted.
VII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the firlt Degree ; Apperitive, Aftringent, Traumatick or — : Geena and {Seam P
. The Specification. They are peculiar again
Coughs, and Difeafes of the ties - “
IX. Ihe Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. d liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Syrup. 4- ADecotfion. 5. ACataplafm. 6. Dryed Leaves. 7. A Diftilled Water. 8. Tinder.
“CHAP. CXLVIIL of COLUMBINE, _
1*T HE Names. \t is faid to be called in Greek, 1169@-, as Coffews thinks ftom Theopbraftus, lib. 6. cap. 7. and yet fome think the Greeks knew | nothing at all of it :-Da/echampizs upon Athenaus,
calls it, Assaiv8G-, Diofanthos, i. e. Flos Fovis. Fa-
biws Columna, in his Phytobafanos, to. whom Clufius
gives the greateft approbation, refers it to the
‘Losavesy, l/opyrum Diofcoridis. In Latin, it is cal-
led, Aguilera, Aquilina, Aquilegia, Aquilegia Rofea,
Aguilegia Stellata, Leontoftomum Gefneri, Herba” Leonis : and in Exglifh, Columbine. ;
Il. The Kinds. Authors defcribe many Kinds hereof, but thofe which we {hall treat of, are thefe feven following: 1. Awana Vulgaris flore fimplici, The Common Single Columbine, 2. Aguilegia Vul- garis flore pleno, Common Double Columbine. 3. Aquilegia inverfis Cormiculis, Double inverted: Columbines. 4. dguilegia Rofea, ‘The Rofe Co- | lumbine. 5. Aguilegia Degener, The Degenerate Columbine. 6. Thalittrum vel Thalietrum Hifpa- nicum album & purpureum, Ruta i Ruta Pratenfis, Pfeudorhabarbarum, Tutted Columbines, — White and Purple. 7. Aguslegia Virginiana flore ru- beffente pracox, The early red Columbine of Virgi- nia.
a The Virtues.
X.. The liquid Fuice.. Taken alone, or»fweetned: with nig or Honey, it is prevalent againft Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, lout at and other Diftempers ofthe Lungs. Dofe from one to three ounces, Morn- ing and Night at Bed time , and at other times of the Day, if the Cough is vehement.
XI. He Effence. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, but more powerful ; befides which, it is fin- gularly good to cure Ulcers of the Lungs, and Sto- mach, as alfo the Bloody Flux, and Ulcers of the Bowels ; it {tops thin Rheums and bag ag or
om
one ounce to three, two or three times a day, either alone, or mixed with the Diftilled Water.
XII. The Syrup. It cures Coughs, chiefly dry Coughs ; but has an Influence againft all Diftem- pers of the Breaft and Lungs, being often taken, even by {poonfiuls, as alfo with a Liquorice ftick.
XIII. The Decofion. If it is made of the green Leaves and Roots, it cures aCough proceeding from a thin Rheum, and helps Hoarfnefs, you may {weeten it with Sugar or Honey.
XIV. The Cataplafm of the green Leaves. Ifit is made alone, or with Honey, it is good to abate hot InHammations, and Anthonies fire, and to cure o- ther hot excretions of the Skin ; and being applied, it is good to heal Ulcers, and other old and run- ning Sores.
V. The Dryed Leaves. Taken as Tobacco, they are good for thin Rheums, Diftillations and Coughs : fo alfo the Root taken in like fort, as Divorids and Galen fay : viz. the Fumes of it, taken (from burning Coles) into the Mouth thro’ a Funnel ; as alfo the Fumes of the Leaves fo taken (for I fuppofe the Ancients knew nothing of To- bacco Pipes, that being a Modern invention; ) they effectually help fuch as are troubled with fhortnefs of Breath, and draw their Breath thick and often. The Fumes alfo ripen and break Apoftems of the Thorax and Lungs, and that without any danger.
XVL The Diftilled Water. Ufed fimply of it felf, or mixed with E/der-flowers and Night/hade, it is a fingular remedy againft all hot Agues, to drink two ounces at atime, and to have Cloths wet therein, and to be applied to the Head and Stomach. The fame applied to hot Swellings, or any Inflammation, does much good, and prevails againft Burnings and Scaldings, and Anthonies fire.
It is fingular good alfo to take away red Pimples, Wheals, and other {mall eruptions of the Skin, which arife through heat ; and is profitable againft the inflammation of the Piles, and burning heat of the Privy Parts, cloths being wet therein and applied.
Il. The Defcriptions. The fz/t bas Roots thick and round, for a lutle way within, the greed, and then it is divided into Branches, furnifhed wwitl +
‘
my Branches, bearing one tong divided Leaf at the
ay fmall Fibres, abiding many Years; and from the round Heads of the Roots which abide all the Win- ter, Shooting forth afrefh every Spring, both Leaves and Stalks. The Leaves are divers, and large Spread, ftanding on long Footftalks, every one divi-
ed into feveral parts, and roundly indented about |}
the edges, in color of a blewifh green,‘and not much unlike to the Great Celandine.. The. Stalks rife up fometimes two or three feet high, reddifh, and flight- dy haired, which. ufually [pread themfelves into ma- lower Foint, above which the Howers grow, every one ftanding on a long Footftalk, confifting of five -bollow Leaves, crooked or horned at the ends, turn- ing backward, the Flower’ is. open, fhewing almo
like to little Birds ( fays Gerard ) and hollow. The variety of their colors are:very much, for fome are wholly white, fome blew, fome.of:a violet color, others of a blufh. or flefh color ; fome'of :a‘deep i, fem of a pale Red, fomeof.a dead. Purple, or. de. - ry, and fome of mixt colors, as matureis-pleafed to exert ber powers, all which .to. diftinguifh feverally: would be to little purpofe, they being fo common known. ‘The Howers being paft, fmall long Cods
all black, and glittering or shining Seed.
Lurmbine
IV. Double Columbine bes a Root like the for- mer, and differs not in Leaf or manner of growing from the Single , fo that until they come to flower, they cannot be difcerned one from another ; the only or chief difference is, that this bears very thick and double Flowers, that is, many borned or crooked hol- low Leaves fet together, which Leaves are not fo large as the Ledves of the fingle Flowers. , The va- riety of colors in this Double Kind is as great or
plentiful, or rather more than in the Single, for of
thofe there are party-colored blew, and white, and Spotted variably, which are not in the Single Kind, as alfo a very deep Red, very thick and double, but a fmaller Hower, and lefs plentiful in bearing, than
Chap. 148. Englhifb Herbs.
pang % or five togetber, in which are contained mn.
209
many other of the Double forts.. Thefe Double Kinds db five as fe Seed as the. Single Kinds, which thing is not obferved in many other Plants. ° :
PAs =—y Y} ee (a= ‘22 ans a2 EZ "9 es >~ -¥
sp Clumbine: \\ double flow
muersed.
4
V. The third, or Double Inverted Columbine, i¢ not to be differenced either in Roots, Stalks, Leaves, or Seed from the lass but only in the Flowers, which makes the chief og 1 : thefe are as dou- ble as the former, but the Heels or Horns of thefé. are turned Inwards, and ftand out inthe middle of the Flowers together : neither is there that plenti- ful variety of colors in this Kind, which is in thé former, there being never above three or four colors Seen in this fort, to wit, White, Purplifh, Reddish, and a Dun, or dark overworn purplifh color. Thefe double Flowers being paft.away, there come in. their places fmall long Cods like the former, bearing Seed, ht its kind, and not changing into any of the
ormer. -
VI. The fourth, or Rofe Columbine, iz its Roots; Stalks, and Leaves differs little or notbing from the former Columbines ; the chief difference confifts in the Flowers, which although they fiand in the fame manner feverally upon their mall Footftalks, but Somewhat more {paringly than the ethers do, yet they bave no heels or horns, either inward or outward; or very feldom ; but fiand Sometimes with eight or ten fmall, fmooth, plain Leaves, fet in order one by one, as in aCompafs, in a double row, and fometimes with four or five rows of them, every one direttly before the other, like unto a fmall thick double Rofe laid open, or a fpread Marigold : but fometimes it happens, that ag of thefe Flowers will have two or three of the firjt rows of Leaves, without any heel ; andthe reft which are inwards, each of them with a piece of a fmall heel or born at them, as the former bave. e colors of thefe Flowers are al- moft at variable, and as variably mixt, as the for- mer double kinds. This alfo gives its Seed, which for the moft part preferves its own kind in perfe-
dion. ; Ee VIL. Flr
4 a : 5 ae : en lo ae ee * .* af * eS uae — -
210 Salmon's Herbal. Lib. 1.
XIL ‘The Qualities. They are Temperate in re- (of Heat or Coidae, Dayne or Moifte: Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Aftringent ; Hepatick, Ne- yiterick, Alterative, Vi a
ae ontri . : The Specifiction. It facilitates the Delive- former. ‘This kind of Columbine might feem to fome} sy of Women in Child-bed. :
XIV. The Preperations. You may have, 1, Ali quid Fuice from the Herb and Root. 2. An Effence from the fame. 3. A Decottion in Wine. 4. ALo-. tion. §. A Ponder of the Seed. 6. The Root of the fonner Kinds. 7. The Root of the Tufted
VII. The fifth or Degenerate Columbine holds she proper form of a Columbine, being much hike to the) Double Rofe kind, but that the outwardmaft row ¢ Leaves are larger than any of the reft inwards, an as of a greenish, or of a purplifh green color, which
ut
Kia
H it is good to heal fore Mouths’: and a four oe fix Soe nfuls at a time in White Port Wine, Pane ing and Night, it Obftruétions of the ;
therefore need hut one Deferip r both for color and farm, fo hike unto Columbine Leaves (tho leffer aud darker, yet more fpread, and on larger Stalks ) that they may eafily deceive one, that does not confiderately obferve them. For the Leaves are much more droided, and in fmaller ruDnir parts, and not fo round at the ends. The Stalks being taken for fome time, it is an a oie are round, firong, and a yard bigh at leaft, branch-} thing againft Obftruttions of the Reins and Blade
ing out into two or three parts, with Leaves at their | der.
Several Foints 5 at the tops whereof ftand many Flow-| XVII. The Decottion of the Herb and Root
ers, which are nothing but a number of Threads,\ Wine. This being perfumed with fome Grainsof _
made like unto a {mall roynd Tuft, breaking out of | Ambergrife, is good ‘againft thofe Swoonings, which . the Grek: alt jaye 5 aS alls open the Ob- — SG of the Liver, Reins, Wonb. gee
a white Skin or Leaf, which inclofes them, and which pa is is made of the Leaves
of the Liquid Juice, befides it is of excellen ue robe od roning Sores, and pu ges tae
‘
being unblown, appear like unto little Buttons. The color of thefe Threads or Tufts are whitifh, with yellow Tips on them, and fomewhat purplifh at bot- tom, having a firong, but no good or pleafant Smell. They abide in their Beauty ( more efpecially if they grow in the fhade, and not too hot in the Sun) a great while, and then fall away like fhort Down, or Dhreads : The Seed Veffels are three [quare, con- taining fmall, long, and round Seed. The purple Tufted Columbine differs only from the white, in that it is not full out fo bigh, nor fo large, and that the color of the Flowers or Tufts, is a blewifh furble at yellow Tips, and is much more rare than the white.
IX. The feventh, or Virginian Columbine, has @ Root long, with many Fibres thereat, but differs lit- tle from our common fingle fort, except in the fol- lowing particulars. ‘The Stalk ( Cornutus makes to be a Dwarf, but) % as tall as our common Englith, and
oa aria ae
KX. The Roote of the Comman Kiads. Camerarie
of a reddifh color. The Leaves are fmaller, and fome- of non Kinds. Ca a that like to thofé of the Thali&trum de cribed, or | ms fays, that in Spasa they eat the Root for many a Meadow Rue, but of a paler green color. “The How-| days together, to help fuch as were troubled wi i ers are of a fad reddifh color, and fingle from the\ the Stone in the Reins. rey middle of them to the ends, but yellowifh from| XX. The Roots of the Tufted Kind. They are thence 10 the bottom the ends of whofe Leaves are | faid to have the Virtues of am by reafon that not blunt, as in ours, but fliff, rough, and pointed,| ( befides their being yellow ) they have a opening e: within which horned Leaves there are five other | and drying Quali 28 Riahorb Ii They are an Jnaller, and of a reddifh color alfo, their points bend-\( as Dioforrides ys) to cl and dry old Ul. 2 ing downwards, having many fmall white Threads them.
in the middle tipt with yellow, after which come five pointed or horned Seed Veffels, containing within them black Joining Seed.
XK. The Places: They all grow with us in our Gardens, as Garden Flowers: but Clufiws fays, that the fingle Kinds have been often found on fome of the Woody Mountains in Germany. The feventh Kind is a Native of Virginia, and was brought to us from thence by Fobn Tradefcant.
XI. The Times. They moft of them flower not until May, and for the moft part of Fune, and (as Gerard {ays ):in Fuly, their Seed ripening in the mean time. The Aquilegia Virginiana, ex Virginian Kind, flowers forewhat earlier than any of the other Kinds, ufually fooner by a Month, ©
CHAP. CXLIX, of COMFREY.
om Chap. 149. | - Laghfb. Herbs, 211 [ ; by fome Solidago, Ofteocollon (a' Bone Soderer )and by { » III. The Defcriptions. The Sift of thefe bas Root $ { § Seribonius Largus, Inula ‘Ruflica : and in Englifh,| which are large and long, great and thick, and f{preat- . : Comfrey. mel 2 fae ing it felf out into Sreat, long, and thick Branches Il. Ihe Kinds. Authors make , feveral. forts, of
under ground,. black on the outfide, and whitifh ig Comfrey ; but the three following are.only, or chief= | within, fhort and cafe to break, and full of aGlu- Be ly to be had in England, viz. 1, Symphitam majus | tinous or Clammy Fuice, baving little or no tafle in : . vielgare,-Our Common Great Comftey....2.1.§ symnpbi- | it. From this Root Springs forth divers very large tum.majus flore purpurco, Our Great Comtiey with | and hairy dark green Leaves. | ing_on the ground, purple flowers. . 2. Symphitum Taher oficni, - Tuber-|/0., hairy or rickly, that if t ey touch any tender ous Comftey, or Comfrey with knobbed Roots.. | part of the onl or Face, or other part of the Skin, | of 9 : ee barre f ah ay it will caufe it to itch or tingle. fron among thefe : ; re 2 C Leaves rifes up a Stalk, two or three feet high, Baylis Say \ & hollow and cornered, which is alfo very hairy, ha- ! : ; | ving many fuch like Leaves on it as grow below, but leffer and leffer up to the top, which are long, rough, pretty broad, and fharp pointed. At the Joints of the Stalks, it is divided into many Branches with Some Leaves. thereon , and at the ends ftand many Flowers in order, one before, or above another, which are fomething long and hollow, like the finger of a Glove, of a pale whitifh color, after which comes fmall black Seed. A Shey IV. The fecond Kind in its Roots, Leaves, Stalks, : Flowers, and manner of growing, is altogether like the former , and difers from it only in this, that; as to the whole body of the Plant, it is fomewhat
lefs: and as to the Flowers, that thefe aré of a pale purple color.
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V. The third Kind, bas a large Tuberous or Knobha bed Root, which Branches it Self out into other Thick and Tuberous parts, more Tuberous or Kucbbed 10 wards their ends, with feveral Fibres adjoining, black on the outhide, and yellowifh within, replenifhed with furh Vifcous, Glutinous or Clammy Fuice as the others, but not altogether Jo fimy: The Roots are af as tender and eafe to be broken, or more eafe than the others, and Spread themfelves under ground ui UE, in like manner. From this Root Lge up a bairy,
' aE, ' | crefted, or cornered Stalk, not fo high as the former,
ee Gey3t 4 with fmaller Leaves, and more thinly fet thereon, ~ Comfiey with Parple Howers, € 2 of
. > 212 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I. that thereby it may carrhs, and ftops the defluxion of Rheum from the at the firft fight be known to be a Comfrey, by 2%) Head upon the Lungs ; fluxes of Blood, or Humors by the Belly, and the immoderate or overflowing of the Courfes in Women : It ftops alfo the over- flowing of the Whites ; and ( univerfals being pre- mifed ) it cures a Gonorthza, or Running of the Reins in Men , coming from what caufe foever. Dofe two or three ounces in Red Port Wine.
XML. The Syrup of the Fuice of the Root. It has the Virtues of the Effence, but caufes. a better and more cafe Eaperea out of the Lungs; is good againft Goughs and Colds Wheefings, and other \Re Diftempers of thofe Parts. It is faid to be
ood for fuch as have broken Bones, becanfé it ha-
the fame hollow fafbion, but fmaller, are of a more Jad yellow hig whofe Seed Ft is alfo like the Seed of the other Kinds. The Stalks and Leaves
apt to believe, arifes only from the differing good- as
nefs of the Sorl , a fat an rich Soil making or pro- | Kens the breedin of the Gallous ; and for the fame
ducing a larger Plant than that can do whicb is poor | Reafon, it is f alfo to be good to cure Ruptures \ in Children. Iris fo tful to Confolidate or
VL The Places. The two fitft gtow by Ditches | Knit togecher, whatfoever needs knitting, that if the Roots be boiled with flefh cut into pieces, or
very deeply flafh’d, in a Pot, they will join them
together “3 V. The Decottion in Wine or Water. tis ate againft inward Bruifes and Wounds, inward leeding, Spitting, Vomiting, or Pith Blodd, as alfo the Bloody or Hepatick Flux ; and has indeed all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence and Syrup, ( bur not full out fo effectual as they are) bei drank to fix or eight ounces, Morning, Noon, and Night. Itis alfo a see to cleanfe, dry, and heal cers, and Running sores, they being wafhed therewith once or twice a day. : taken in-
-ly through all England, The fecond but in fome bartieald? slaces the third grows with us only in Gardens, but is found Wild in Woods and moift places in Aufi7ia, Hungary, and Germany. .
VIL The Times. They flower in Pg and Fuly, and perfe&t their Seed in Auguft. Thete are feve- ral of the Confolida’s, which have theit different times of their Howering and feeding, as, 1. The
Symphitum, or rg. oa Petrea, of which yt
rides fpeaks. 2. onfolida Sarafenica, Saracens /~On-
found. 3. Confolida Media, Bugle, ot iddle Con- of tk k
found. 4. Confolida minor, Prunella, ot Self-heal. wardly to one dram in a little of the Syrup, it ftops
5. Confolida Media, vel Bellis major Vulgaris, The | inward bleeding, heals Wounds in the Stomach and
Great White Wild Daifie. 6. Confilda wiper, VS Thorax, as alfo Ulcers in the Lungs. If it is ap-
plied to green Wounds, as foon as the Wound is made, it conglutinates or joins the Lips thereof to- gether, and caufes it fpeedily to be healed : mixed with the Syrup, and applied to the Hemotthoids or Piles, it cools the tion, and repreffes their over much bleeding, and allays the heat $ =
Parts adjacent, taking away, and
ain.
XVI. The Balfam of the Fuice of the Root. tis a fingular Vulnerary, and cures fimple green Wounds, enerally at one dreffing. It is digeftive, and clean- d fag and dries up and heals running Sores, and old Ulcers, in any part of the Body, but rag in thofe arts which are not depending 5 refifting Gangrenes,
Mortifications, Fe. XVIL The Cateplafm of the Root. If it is made
them in their feveral and refpettive srg ol ; our intention being in this Chapter, to treat © that Plant,
phitum magus, which is of feveral forts, as are before
1X. The Specification. Glewing Nature, and is peculiar againft Fuxes of Blood, of what kind foever, whether internal or external. |
X. The Preparations. You ma have therefrom, 1. A Fuice of the Leaves and Roots. 2. An Ef- fence of the fame. _3- A Syrup of the Fuice of the Root. 4. A Decottion of the Root. 5. A Pouder of the Root. 6 A Balfam of the Root. 7. A Cata- plafim of the Root. 8. A Diftitled Water. 9. An ‘Acid Aqueous Tintlure.
The Virtues. MI. The Fuice of Leaves or Roots. Camerarius fays, that two ounces of it being drank at a time, does much good in the Lethargy, and Dead Sleep: it 1s drying and binding in a great meafure, and is for fitch as fpit Blood, bleed at Mouth, or make a bloody Urine « yet it opens Obftru&tions of the Lungs, and caufes cafie Expeftoration. Kil. The Effence. \thasail the former Virtues, but ss much mote effeCtual to ftop any Flux 0 : in any part whatfoever. Tt prevails againft all in- ward hurts, bruifes and wounds, cleanfés Ulcers of » the Lungs, drys and heals them , and being taken Daily, Moming and Evening, it prevails againft Ca-
applied to parts pained with the Gout ; it gives
the old Caufé ; and this I have fe- veral times proved. _If iris made of the Root boil-
joining the lips theteof together : Apply’d alfo up- os broken Bones, it facilitates and fpeeds the C
Jus, and ftrengthening the Part ; and appli {o ‘profitable againft Ruptures in Children. ied good alfo to be ufed to Womens Breafts, which,
as experience has, fufficientl very profitable againft 4
ANE |
_ ¥
Ganigrenes, Spraeets and he elie, | in Wilh as | it has Been experienced, and found often help-
ii green Stak ; which when they are f: Ten ant the Seed ripe ( which is of a fomewhat long, finalt, and yellowifh color, and wrapped in Down ) is car- XVII. The Diftilled Water fom ih Leaves, cat away with the Wind. The Roct and whole Stalks, and Roots thin fliced. \t has the fie ot| Plant as of a fivong and unpleafant Smell and the Fuice and Effence, but very much weaker; yet Tafte.
‘Authors fay, it ing for outward Wounds’ or Sofes, whether if the po nervous pears ot the
abbr tht this it the tore effe al a r it is ast with equal parts of the Liquid Juice or Ef erice.
KIK. The Acid Aqueous ° Tintire. Take Spring Water, agallon : Oil of Vitriol, or Oil of Sulphur per Cam num three once mix them: then pi into it of the ouder of the Root, fix ounces : dige ‘in a yentle Sond heat for 2 Momtb, Shaking t glafs three or four times ‘a da ti afterwards bein tell fertled, decant the clear indture for ufe.. Gi; ven inwardly in Wine, or any other top: Jehi- pa it ft6 Ae aad bleedings, and f: reftores the’Tone of the Stornich : And t mixed with Red Pott Wine, it miakes a good Lotion to cleanfe
and heal any old Ulcer, or running Sore, aint detticys the Puttidity (if any) therein,
CHA P... CL. °F CONSOUND Sitacens.
L. HE Names. Ie was pate, t6 the Greeks,
and therefore among we have no name for it. The Latins call it Confolida ( from, Con/oli- dare, to Soder, Clofe, or Glew up: ) Confalida Sa- racenica ica ( becanfe ufed by the irks and Saracens
g of Wounds: ) Herba Rae from. its fron Si Smell and Tafte : Alfo Solidago, and Herba Vulneraria : In Englift it is called Saracens Con- Sound, alfo Saracens Wound-wort,
If. Tre Kinds. Authors make four Kinds there- of, viz. 1. Solidago Saracenica Ke alicis Solit Confolida ‘Seas vera, The tru Con- found, ot Wound-Wort. 2. Solidigo vel Confolida . Saracenica major Lugdinenfis, The greater Saracens Confound, or Wound-Wort. 3. Solidago vel Coz- Solida Saracenica, vel Germarica Siliguaa Codded
or German Co nfound, or Wound-Wort. 4. Sligo vel goa Saracenica, vel Germanica altera, Confolida Tertia Tragi, Herba Vulneraria Tragi, Tragus his third Saracens Confound, or fe- at German, which he alfo calls Wound Wort: Thefe Plants the Germans p needy call Vuelneraria — ft ‘ound The Hitt ¢ whith th criptions. e which 7 the. the Se Confound ) pas a Root confifting o Fibres or Strings, fet, together and growing a Head, oe phe ot i Winter, but con- Sip a Fs and dye away, without Pa in that Seafon : From fe mi pier feeeal long and narrow green Leaves, fr te Roe about the dn like i iDefe a of the ‘Almond’ or illow Leaves, but not & fuch a ab. poe color : From amidft thefe aves rifes up a Stalk phe heb, v eh li bigh, grow- ymetimes to a Man’ b are
IV. The fecond, or Greater Saracens Confound, has a Root conpofed of a great Bufh of white Fibres or Threads, growing very deep and ftrongly in the ground, and Shooting forth firings on all fides, which produce 3 new Plants, encreafing in a little time, and over-running a great quantity of ground. From this Root Springs forth a bead of Leaves, which is fome- what brown at the firft yo out of ihe ground, (and fo alfo.is the. bead bs Root lefiee the Spring, ) which is of a bitter Tafte, and binding withal : This Plant differs not much from the fore mer, and therefore for amidft this bead of Leaves, there rife, up upright, bard, round, bollow Stalks, as high. as, the former, with many dark green Leaves at the Sirft fet (as aforefaid) at the bead of thé Root, which afterwards rife up with the Stalks, and are ‘fet there without any order, fomewhat larger than the others, and a little dented about the edges. The Flowers are much greater than thofe of the Jirft Kind, more in number, and with yellower long Leaves, Star fafbion, anding in green beads many ‘together, wherein, after they are pajt, is contained the Seed, sebich with theDown thereof, fies away witly the. ez, in the fame manner. as the former does.
¥, The third, or Codded. Kind, bas a Root which in time grows to be very great, even to the bignefs of a Man’s Arm, and runs very deep alfo into the ground ( as thofe who are acquainted with the Plant well know: ) It is of a ftrong unpleafant Smell and ee r than Crefles, and very like unto that
thee abiding many Years, but the Stalkg fer, Apa, Springing, forth afrefh from the COery Spring, Stalks thus Anznuals
are great pale and woody, and 1H lati t0 any se the former, or rather ier shey
*
: : > 214 Salmon’s Herbal. | “with a white Rib in the middle, and {nipt gent - contain within them fmall brownith Seed, of a hot
_Nep or Catmint, with long Leaves, and white as they
of the Wound-Herbs whatfoever, being inwardly
1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decoéti-
. Lib |,
injeCting it with a Syringe. However the applica- tion of it to Green Wounds is a matter beyond all Exception. Inwardly taken, it opens Obftruétions of both Liver and Spleen, and is profitable for the cure of the Yellow Jaundice. ae : XIV. The Decottion of the Leaves in Wine or Water. It has the Virtues of the former, but in a much lower Degree ; and being made in Water, it is faid to cure Agues or Fevers, even of a long continuance : Made with Wine, it opens Obftruéti- ons of the Gall Bladder, as alfo of the Liver and Spleen, and therefore is faid to be prevalent again the Dropfie in the beginning theteof; and heals all inwatd Ulcers of the Reins, Ureters, or Bladder, or elfe where : It cures alfo inward Wounds and Bruifes. ee - XV. The Gargarifm. Take of the Decottion in Wine a pint : ate Decottion in Water epim i
they bave attained to their height ) bigher, but are JO weak, by reafon of the length and weight of the Leaves thereon, that they cannot ftand upright, but fall down upon the grpund, bearing many dark green aves thereon, long and narrow like to the jo
, or
demed about the edges. At the tops of nig et ches or Stalks, come forth ‘many yellowifh Flowers, but fmaller than thofe of the’ otber kinds, which being -paft away, there come forth very fmall and long round dark Pods or Cods, as {mall and long as thofe of Sophia Chirurgorum, or Flixweed, which
and pick, Jharp and unpleafant Tafte, as the whole Herb it felf is, but much more the Root. _ VIL. The fourth, or Tragus b#s German Confound, bos a Root which creeps in the ground, and fhoots up Branches round about it, which-are fomewbat like both in Stalks and Leaves.unto the middle kind of | Alum in fine Pouder adram: mix and diffolve: : then add choice Honey four ounces: diffolve, and juft boil them up together. It is excellent to heal a fore
are.» The Flowers come forth at the tops of the Mouth or Throat, by gargling therewith ; and to
Stalks, many together, upon fmall, round, green heads, not unlike to the firft fort, being fmall, and yellow. After that they are paft, and the Heads, with the Seed, are ripe, they open themfelves, and with the Down in them, the ved is carried away with the Wind, after the manner of the firft.
VIL. The Places. Thefe do all grow in moift and wet grounds, by Wood fides, and fometimes in the moift places of fhadowy Groves, as alfo by Water fides. The firft of thefe has been found gtowing in Shrop/hire, in the Hedge, by the way as one goes from Dudfon in Cherberry Parifh, to Guarthlow. Gerard alfo fays, that it grows by a Wood, .as you go from Great Dunmow in Effex, unto.C/are in the fame County.
VIIL The Times. They Flower in Fu/y, and the Seed of the two firft is foon after ripe and carried away with the Wind. The third has not its Pods and Seed ripe until the end of Augu/f, or beginning of September. <i .
IX. The Qualities. Saracens Confound, fn which fingular name we comprehend all the kinds ) is temperate in refpe€t to heat or cold, but dry in the third Degree; Aftringent, Anodyn, Incarnative, and Vulnerary : It is Neurotick, Arthritick, Altera- tive and Analeptick.
X. The Specification. It is not inferior to any
or Woman : and to inje€t into Fiftula’s with a pro-
per againft Pains and Aches in any part of the Body, arifing from Cold : as alfo to anoint Nerves which are ftrained, or Joints which are weakned, by any extraordinary force, or by being put out of Joint. It is good alfo againft-dry Scabs or Scurf, to bring: it off, and clear the Skin.
XVII. The Ointment. It heals green Wounds eniea ; digefts, cleanfes, incarnates and drys running Sores, and old Ulcers, and is prevalent a- gainft fra€tures of the Bones, inducing the Callu and ftrengthning the part affetted. It is g ( being mixt with a little Red Precipitate ) againft
enereal Ulcers in the Privy Parts ot Man or. Wo- man, cleanfing them from their putridity,and quick- ly afterwards healing them up.
XVIIL The Balfam. It cures fimple green Wounds
at the firftIntention. But if they be compofed with Contufion, Fra€tures of the Bone, &c. It admirably digefts them by a fpeedy maturation, then cleanfes, and incarnates, afterwards dries and heals them : The fame thing it does to old running Sores, putrid Ulcers, and Fiftula’s, ( being firft laid open’) and then duly applied according to Art. I have feen very few things more prevalent againft Sores and Ulcers of the King’s Evil, which after a manner refifts the malignity of the Difeafé, the Pa- tient alfo taking the Juice or Effence thereof in- wardly. XIX, The Cataplafm. It ripens Phlegmons. or Inflammations, as alfo other Tumors which Nature 'defigns to have brought to Maturation, and to break them. Applied, it gives eafe to Pains of the Gout, difcuffes Simple’and Recent Contufions, ftrengthens Weak Parts, and cleanfes Ulcers in any Part, be they never fo foul or ftinking.
XX. The Diftilled Water. Whether it is Diftil- led from the green Herb, or the Liquid Juice, or the Effence, it is effeftual to he@l any green Wound, or old Sore or Ulcer whatio- ever, cleanfing, drying, and healing them as Na- ture requires ; but yet after all, the Juice or EC tenes are much more effectual for the fame pur- pofes.
XXI1. The Spirit. It is made by Infufing the Herb forty eight Hours in Wine, and then drawing
given, and outwardly applied in fuitable Prepara- tions. XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
on in Wine or Water. 4. a Gargarifm. 5. An Oil by infolation or boiling. 6. An Ointment. 7. A Balfam. 8. A Cataplafm. 9. A Duftilled Water. 10. A Spirit.
The Virtues.
XIL. The liquid Fuice. It cures internal Ulcers of the Lungs: I fuppofe it was with the Juice thereof, that Gerard (as he fays ) cured one Cart- wright, a Gentleman of Grays-Inn, who was grie- voully wounded into the Lungs, and that in a{fhort ‘time: In this cafe, it will be the beft way to make a into a See with Honey. Itcleanfes, drys, and heals old Ulcers, and foul running Sores, and Con- folidates Wounds by wafhing them. +
XI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice exalted, and isan excellent thing to give inwardly, for the cure of thofe who have lain long languifhing with old,. running Fiftula’s, ill-natured Ulcers, and other ftubborn and rebellious putrid
heal inward Ulcers of the Reins, Ureters, or Bla Sores ; wathing them alfo outwardly therewith, or
wafh Sores and Ulcers in the Privy Parts of Man ~
per Syringe. ad XVL The Oil made with Oil Olive, &c. It is ex- cellent againft burnings and {caldings, and is pro- —
der, inward Wounds or Bruifes, and to reStifie Hei “ d ~. Dif
jan
eet ee, 7 ee
it off ina gentle Balneo. It*is fingular good ia ae :
‘Chap. 151. Engljh Herbs.
Difcrafie of the Liver and Spleen : It is good alfo to eafe gnawings in the Stomach, Pains and Tor- ments in the Bowels, to expel Wind, and eafe the Pains of the Mother. Dofe one {poonful in a glafs
215
of Wine Morning and Night.
—__
CHAP. CLL of CONSOUND Diaifte.
LJ HE Names. It was unknown to the Greeks : the Latins call it, Confolida media, Oculus
Bovis Brunfelfij, and Bupthalmys, Bellium majus
Tabernmontani : but by all other Authors, Bedlis major, and Bellis major Vulgaris, five Sylvefiris : in _ Englifh x is called Daifie or Middle Confound, Ox Eye, the Great Field White Daifie, and Maxdlin-wort. Il. The Kinds. It isa Species of the Daifie, be- ing the firft and great Kind of White Field Daifie , and is twofold, 1. Confolida media Anglica, Confo-
lida media Vulnerariorum, Bellis major agreftis An-¥
glica, The Englifh Middle Confound, or Engli/h Great Field Daifie. 2. Confolida media, vel Bellis major Americana vel Virginiana, The American or Virginian Middle Confound, or Great Field Dai- fie. 3. Confolida media, or Bugle, which fee in Cap. 92. aforegoing.
Gi; \\" \N) SV
. —
—— = Zz
ll. The Defectiptions. T bas a Root ‘which is only a eohich abide many Winters, with the Leaves fhootin, forth every Spring afrefh : From this Root come fort
many long, narrow, and round pointed Leaves next deeply cut in on both fides, ma-
the ground, pr
king it look almoft like the drvifions
ome fort Oaken Leaves, or rather like Tne oP Cane, é From among thefe Leaves come forth the Stalks,
The firft or Englith Kind Bit of White Strings,
fi
which Root rife up Stalks higher and greater than thofe before defcribed : the Leaves alfo are sarger, and broadeft towards the ends, but longer and /mal- ler at the bottoms, dented likewife about the Edges, Shooting forth feveral Branches, at the tops of all which they bear many white Flowers, as it were int an Umbel, yet not fo freu nor the white Leaves fo large as the former, but fmaller, and more in nun ber, with a greenifh yellow in the middle, and fome a tittle larger than others, and fucceeded with Seed fomewwhat Jmaller than the former.
V. The Places. The firft grows every where by Hedge fides in Meadows, and in the Borders of Fields, and other wafte Grounds, The fecond grows’ im Virginia, fom whence it was firft brought to us ere. VI. The Times. It Flowers in May and Fune, and the Seed is ripe in fome fhort time after. VII. The Qualities. This Confound, or Great Dail is sold * Be end 3 abe a ss and ry in the fecon ee: It is Anodyn, erasy. Neurotick, Arthritick, and Alterative. sa VIL. The Specification. \t is a famous thing fog the immediate cure of Wounds in any part. IX. The Preparations. You may have thereftom, 1A tignid Fuice. 2 An Effence. 3. A Syrup. A Decoion in Wine or Water. 5. A Lotion or agar fim 6. Az Ointment or Balfam, 7. A Ca 4
taplafm. %. A Diftilled Water. The
wo
216 Salmons Herbal. Lib. 1
_
: XVI. The Cataplafm. It is excellent to diftufs The Virtues. Contufions or Tumors coming upon fimple Brui-
. fes, if applied upon the Spot. Applied to the Te- — X. The liquid Fuice. Vt much apiestinesate® the} fticles, or to any other gece which is Swoln, and eat,
heat of Choler, refrefhes the Liver, and other In- | Inflamed, it allays the difcuffes the Humors, ward Parts, and Confolidates Wounds, whether In-]and refolves it : Applied alfo immediately to a ward or pease phi admirable manner. It is | fimple green Wound, it prevents Inflammation, cop- good to cure the Wounds of the Thorax or Breft,| glutinates the Lips, and heals it ; and this more
_ being taken two, three, or four ounces at a time,}efpecially if it is made of the raw green Herb,
either alone, or mixed with a GlafS of Wine, Morn-| And fo made and applied, it is very effectual to "6 and Evening. Outwardly it alfo Confolidates cafe the pains of the Gout, difcuf$ the Tumor, and 19)
unds, cleanfes old running Sores and Ulcers, | ftrengthen the Part: but whether it is altogether fo _and drys and heals them : Dropt into fore and run- | effetual as the Cataplafm of Comfrey Roots, Iwill
ning Eyes, it cleanfes, ftrengthens, and heals them. | not prefume to fay. ~ __ XI. The Effence. it has.all the Virtues of the XVIL. The Diftilled Water. It lias the Virtues of Juice, and is indeed more effeCtual, outwardly ap-] the Juice and Effence, but much lefS effectual, plied, it heals Sores in the Privy Parts, gives eafe] Dropt into the Eyes, it allays an Inflammation
in Pains of the Gout, difcuffes Tumors, and dif-| there: and if Pouder of White Sugar Candy, or ©
perfes Kernels in the Flefhi ; and helps bruifes and | clarified Honey be added, j. ounce, to vj. ounces of the hurts which come by Falls or Blows. Inwardly | Water, it makes a Co//yrium which cures dim, cloudy, taken, it induces. the cure of Wounds, Ulcers and | fore, and running Eyes, being often dropt into them, Fiftula’s, whether inwards or outwards, and haftens
the Callus breeding, in Fra€tures: of the, Bones :
for which reafon alfo it is faid to be: good againft
a and other inwatd Breaches of ‘any: Veffel
within the Body. Dofe two or three ounces Morn- CHAP. CLIL
i d Night. ~ > eh, RIL The Syrup. It has the Virtues of the Juice Of CORALWORT..
~and Effence ; and is better to be given to Children
in Ruptures becaufe of its pleafantnefg. And if it . ts made with Honey, it is more effe€tual in Wounds| 1.9" HE Names. Diofcorides nor Pliny, nex ant and Ulcers of the Breft and Lungs, or of any other other of the Ancient Writers, knew any
Bowel : It thickens Rheum, and is good againft| thing of this’ Plant, fo far as I can learn; but it
Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, or any Obftrution of] feems to be purely an invention of the Modems. .
the Vifcera, . The Latins ( from the Form and Color of the
XIII. The Decottion in Wine or Water. It helps} Roots ), call it Cora/oides, Dentaria, Dentillaria, .
to cure Wounds of the Thorax, and may be ufed | Dentillaria or Dentaria Corolloide Radice, Alaba- Dietetically in all the Cafes for which the Juice, Ef- | frites Lobelij, Viola Dentaria Dodonei, ( ftom the fence or Syrup are commended. It fingularly re-] Roots and Flowers, being like unto Stock-Gilli- ftefhes the inward Parts, removes the Difcrafie of | flowers: ) by Gefner, in Hortis, Sanicula alba, Pul-
the Bloed and Humors, and as a moft admirable] monaria, Saxifraga montana ( from its Virtues; ) but Vulnerary induces the healing of Wounds and Ulcers. | Co/umna takes it to be the Ceratia Plinij,. becaufe it —
If there is any Inflammation in or about the part] has all the Virtues which Péimy afcribes unto his
-afflitted, or if a Fever is prefent, the Decoftion is] Ceratia, but this is doubtful. Dalechampius in Lug-
beft to be made with Water; but otherwife with| dumenjis took it to be an Aconitum, but this was Wine. It is alfo of good ufe,to wafh the Wound,| wholly Error. In Engiifh it is called Coralwort, if made with Wine) or cleanfe foul Ulcers or Fi- | Toothwort, and Toothed Violets.
’s, by inje€ting it with a Syring, or otherwife,} Ul. The Kinds. Matthbiolus places this between as often as they ate dreft, by which they are daily | Sympbita and Confolide, it being wholly of their cleanfed and kept clean, and if hollow, incarnated ;| Nature'and Qualities. Parkinfon makes feven Kinds by which means the healing fpeedily follows. If] thereof, fome orher Authors more ; but we fhall it is made‘with Wine; with the Addition of a third] only difcourfe of thofé which are to be had with part of me heney! ‘and Angelica, and the parts af | us, either Wild in our Fields and Woods, or nurfed flicted with the Palfie or Sciatica, be daily, Morn-| up in our Gardens ; and they are, 1. Dentaria Bul- ing and Night, fomented therewith very warm for] bifere, vel Baccifere, Bulbed, or etiays Co- half an hour, or thereabouts, it gives great eafe and|ralwort. 2. Dentaria minor, ot minima, Alabaftri- relief. om tes, Small Coralwort. 3. Dentaria Pentaphyllos,
XIV. The Lotion. Take of the Decoltion in Wine\ Cinkfoil Coralwort. 4. Dentaria Pentapbyllos al- eight ounces, of the Effence four ounces : Alum in| ter, The fecond Cinkfoil Coralwort. They are ge- fine pouder three drams : Honey of Mulberries four|nerally called Dentaria : and moft of them from ounces : mix and diffolve. \t heals and cures all|the number of their Leaves, as, pig say Penta- Wounds, Ulcers, Sores and Puftules of the Mouth, | phy//os, and Heptapbyllos ; but the I7i Gums or Throat, as alfo of the Secret Parts of Man{ Exmeaphyllos Lobel, and the Heptap or Woman, if duly wafh’d therewith. Dropt into the] ftrangers in our Countrey.
Eyes, it clears the fight, taking away, Clouds,Films,} III. The Deftcriptions. The firft of thefe basa Inflammations, Flux of Humors, €c. ;
XV. The Ointment or Balfam. They do wonder-| /mall round knobs fet together, not growing fully help all Wounds which have an Inflammation | wards, but lying along, and encreafing uwder the up- about them, or have a Flux of fharp and moift'Hu- | per cruft of ihe Earth, baving very ya fibres there- mors upon them, by which they are kept long from | at ; its tafte i fomewhat bitter, bot and fharp, like
Babe: or yllos, are
Root very white, fmooth, and fhining, made of divers .
healing. Any fimple green Wound the Balfam ma-]}Radifh, as all the reft of the Kinds are. Fromthis
ny times cures at the generated Sores it digefts, cleanfes, incarnates ( if| /ong brownijh Footftalks, which in their rifing 0 flefh is wanting ) and quickly heals them, and this | she grownd, are, as it were, doubled, or folded down-
4 mt
baeta:
although in the Joints, whether of the Arms or| wards, and then open themfelves, moft commorl), Legs. = an
intention : and other de-| Root fhoots forth one or two Winged Leaves, /< 7: i) a
Chap. 152: Ezgh/h Herbs. 217 a fmall round greenifh yellow head, which fpreads not into Leaves, but into four or five niofie beads
of Threads, and fo abides a while, ( having no other Hower ) which pols away leaving in their room ma- y
: into feven Leaves, and fometimes into but five, each | of which és fometbong long, dented about the edges, and pointed, of a fad green color, and fet on both j Sides of the middle Rib, one againft another. The ' Stalk, which beareth Howers, rifes up in the fame |\ny fmall kernelly Seed. ‘The Leaves’ have a bitter manner with the Leaves, and ws bare or naked of \fweet fcent, fomewhat like unto the Musked Cranes Leaves, to the middle thereof, where it fhoots fat Bill, yet more fweet when it grows Wild in its na- h 4 Leaf, and fo one or two more up higher, each con-\tural places, than when it is tranfplanted out of Sifting but of five Leaves, and fometimes but of three, \ them into Gardens. This Plant is referred by many having alfo the uppermoft fingle , at each whereof | unto the Ranunculi or Crowfeet, to which it bas but comes forth a {mall round Bulb, cloven, or as it were, | a fmall refemblance, and ought rather to be incerted divided into feveral parts or cloves, of a fad pur-|\in this place, for the likenefs of its Root fake.
plifh green color, which being ripe, and pyt into the : ground will grow to be. a Reot, and bear aves, like Sinall e orall wort
Be as the Bulbs of a red Bulbed Lilly ; about which, at 7 the very top, tand four or five Flowers in lon,
Husks, upon fhort Footftalks, opening into four fe-
, veral Leaves, g a purplifh color, and very like unto
. the Flowers of Stock-gilliflowers, or Dames Violets, i Thefe being paft away, fmall long horns, or Cods, pointed at the ends come forth , in which Pods or
Cods lyes fuch like Seed as are in the Cods of Dames
i" Violets ; which as foon as it # ripe, the. Cod opens,
' and the Seed falls out : The Leaves, and indeed the
; whole Plant, is of a bitterifb, hot, fharp, Radifh-like
Tefte.
i y) y. i G ky ‘ ye i, ZAI P A WEY ' real WIN,
é Wee Nl
, 47
i
a
ee
J
b,
IV. The fecond, or Small Coralwort, bas a Root Small, and fomewhat long, compofed as it were, of many [mall, very fhining, white thick fcales, grow- ing upwards, and having many white Fibres at the b ead of them, of a little fweetifh bitter, fharp and aftringent Tafte. From this Root {pring forth three or four flender pale green Stalks of Leaves fome- sohat divided on their edges, not half a foot bigh, and 7 half that height in fome places, very like unto thofe of the bollow Root, but fmaller, me
-)
~ ee Corall=wort five oom,
V. The third Kind, which is the firft Cinkfoil a| Coralwort, has aRoot which is greater than the firft,
| paler fhining green color, from among which rife| and made as it were into Foints, not fo white as swap one or two {mall Stalks, with two fuch like} that is, but with longer Fibres coming from betrwcen “a “[aicts Thorne, Smaller, and a little them,| the Foints. From this = gu one or ttio Leaves a ee eee at . oi —s
7 thd
“T=
eed
218
{
Salmon’s Herbal.
Lb.
upon long kootftalks; confifting of five Parts, or
Leaves, each of them fomewhat like the firft, and dented about the edges, but they are longer, rougher and harder in feeling, and more clofely fet together, rifing for the moft part from one Joint, like as the Cinkfoils do: upon the Stalks alfo are fome fuch like Leaves fet one above another , at the top four or five fuch like Flowers, but fomewbat larger, of a purplifh color, fometbing deeper than the firft, which turn into fuch like Pods, with the like Seeds in them, but has no Bulbs on the Stalks.
VI. Tho fourth, or fecond Cinkfoil, Kind of Co- ralwort, bas a Root very like the firft, confifting of many round clear white Knobs, but more in number, fet together by pisces, with divers long Fibres grow- ing out of it: From this Root shoots forth a lower and fmaller Stalk than the former, béing not above a i high, with fome Leaves fet thereon , as alfo there is fome of thefe very like the lif but nar- rower ; more fmooth and gentle, and alfo of a paler
' green color: the Flowers ftand at the top, like unto
the other, and are of a purplyh color, after which come the like Pods with Seed in them, as in the
reft. | Nin The Places. The firft and fecond are found Wild in England, the firft at Mayfield in Suffex, in a Wood called Highreed ; and in another Wood there alfo, called Fox-holes ; as alfo in divers fha- dowy and dark Mountains, or Hills :-the two laft are only nurs’d up with us in Gardens. ~ VIII. The Times. They Flower about the middle of April, and beginning or middle of May, and the Seed is ripe in’ Auguj?, after which they quickly te and perifh ; the Roots:abiding fafe all the ‘Winter. IX. The Qualities. They feem:to be Temperate in refpett of heat or cold, but are drying in the firft Degree. They cleanfe, aftringe, dry, bind, and ftreng-
then. X. The nprcibeatin. They are dedicated to the curing of Wounds.
XI. The Preparations. You may make theteftom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decotti- on in Wine. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Pouder. 6. A
Balfam. The Virtues.
XII. The liquid Fuice. It-ftrengthens the Bowels, and makes them able to perform their Offices, pro- vokes Urine, and is faid to expel the Stone and
"Gravel, being drunk, Morning and Evening, frgm three ounces to fix, in a Glaf$ of Port Wine.
XI. The Effence. It has the former Virtues, be- fides which it is faid to cure any inward Wounds,
efpecially thofé Wounds which have pierced into}.
the hollownefs of the Thorax. It is alfo good to eafe the Griping Pains of the Bowels, and Sides, being taken to four or fix ounces in a glafs$ of Red Port Wine, or old Malaga.
XIV. The Decottion in Wine. It has the former ‘Virtues, but much weaker, and is good againft Lasks or Fluxes which proceed from hot and cho- letick Humors: you may give it to fix or eight ounces, Morning and Evening, for many Days to-
ether.
, XV. The Syrup. It is made of the Juice or Ef- fence, and is proper to be given to Children which have Ruptures, or are troubled with Gripings, Vo- mitings, or other Difeafes of the Bowels.
XVI. The Pouder of the Root. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence ; and heals Wounds of the Breft and Lungs, being given to a dram in Red Wine for fome confiderable time. It is alfo pro- — againft Burftennefs, being given in the Syrup aforefaid.
XVII. The Balfam. It is good to be applied to
green Wounds, for it quickly confolidates’ and heals
them ; it alfo digefts, cleanfes, incarnates, drys, and heals old; running, filthy and hollow Ulcers ; © faci- litating the cure after an admirable manner.
CHAP. CLI. of CORIANDER.
I. HE Names. it is called in Greek, Kéewr, and
Koelavey ( from Kbgus , Cimex, the Wall-Loufe, which we call Buggs ; for that Coriander in its fcent , very much refembles their ftinking Smell when they are killed: ) In Latin, Corion, and Coria- non, but moftly in the Shops Coriandrum : In Ara- bick, Casberra, and Elcosbur: In Englifh, Cori- ander.
Il. The Kinds. There are but two forts of it which are found with us, viz. 1. Coriandrum vul- gare, The common Coriander. 2. Coriander minus odorum, The leffer fweet Coriander. And by the name Coriander thefe Plants are known in almoft all Nations. »
So
= N SYA
Ny
ms US
/
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft has a fmall Root, which perifbes every Year after Seed time : from this Roots fpring up Leaves which are fomethin broad, almoft like unto Parfley or Chervil ; but , ter the Stalk or Stalks come forth, which are three or four feet bigh, being full grown the Leaves then are fmaller and finer, every one than other, up to the top, being of a faint green color, and very mucD cut or jassed in, almoft like'to the Leaves of Fumi-
tory, but a great deal fmaller, tenderer, and more jagged. The Flowers are white, and grow in fmall looje Umbles, like unto Dill; which being pafed”
A
away, there comes forth round firiked hollow Seed,
a whiti~h yellow color when it is ripe. “The whole Plant, Seed and all, while it is green and growing,
<7
has a firong and loathfom Smell, fearcely to be en-
Enghfh Herbs. | 219
XI. The Ejfence of the fame. \t has the Virtue
. dured , but when the Seed % full ripe and dry, it is | of the Juice, and being applied by Rags dipt ther‘,
of avery good Scent, and of an agreeable Tajfte.
Small Be Conander
Fo. SSS
we
—
IV. The fecond has Roots and Stalks almoft like the —_ 3 but the Leaves, the lower as well as the higher, are all finely cut in, and jagged , the Stalks are much lower, not above half a foot high; ( Jays Parkinfon ) and lying almoft on the ground : the Flowers on its Tops are white ; and the Seed round as the other, but fuller and larger, and two always joined together. . The Places. tin are only Sown in Gardens «now, as inold time. P/iny fays, they are not found Wild; nor are their natural places known. VI. The Times. They Flower in Fu/y, and their Seed is oe in Auguft. . | Vil. Qualities. The green Leaves are faid to oa res Fos aaa is sees Dry. in the of the feco: ee, or beginning o the third. It is Aperitive, Anodyn, Carminative, Difcuffive, Becongtick, aml Alexipharmick. VIII. The Specification. It ftays Vomiting, and k ba Digeftion. _. Bs - The Preparations. You may have thereftom, a 1. A Fuice from the Green Herb. 2. An Effence i of the fame. 3. An Ointment or Balfam of the fame. yor Cataplafm of the Green Herb. 5. Coriander fits. 6. A Pouder of ‘the Seed. 7. A Spiritu- ous Tintlure of the Seed. 8. An Acid Tintture thereof. 9. An Oily Tinfure of the fame, 10. A
[ : Saline Tinture thereof: 11. A Spirit. 12. A ie Oil by Diftillation. 7 gy The Virtues.
The Fuice of the Green Herb. Authors fiy, BS -. linihacsiy conti, and then eng crs nike but to half an ou
es
in, it is faid to cure Amtbomies kxre, and other ho Tumors.
XII. The Ointment or Balfam of the fame. It is made with Cerufe, Litharge, Vinegar, and Oil of Rofes. It is commended againft an Eryfipelas, run- ning and fretting Sores, Wheals, Pufhes, Carbun- cles, and Botches, rifing in the Skin or Flefh; it cools the Inflammation, and takes away alfo the Swelling of the Cods.
XIII. The Cataplafm of the Green Herb made
| with Barley Meal, or Barley Bread. It has the Vit-
tues of the Ointment, but is more powerful 10 al- lay Inflammations, and difcuf$ hot Tumors or Swel- He It is alfo good to diffolve or difcufs Wens,. flefhy Tumors, and protuberances of the King’s- Evil, being duly applied.
V. The Comfits of the Seed. Gerard fays, they 5) Hon much againft the Gout, being eaten upon a
{ting Stomach, before Dinner ; and alfo after Din- ner without drinking after the fame for three or four hours time : and they have yet a greater power over that Difeafe, if they be eaten in the fame man- ner alfo after Supper.
XV. The Pouder of the Seed. If it is taken faft- ing to almoft a dram in a GlafS of Generous Wine, it ftrengthens the Stomach, caufes an Appetite, and makes a good Digeftion, depreffes Fumes and Va- pors rifing from the Stomach, gy or Womb, and afcending-up into the Head. It ftops Catarrhs, helps the noifé in the Ears, and difcufles that Tu- mor in the Throat, vulgarly called the Quinfey.
XVI. The Spirituous Tintture of the Seed. It is a moft fingular Stomatick, ftrengthens the Ventricle, ftops Vomiting, hes Digeftion, and eafes the moft inveterate Pains of that Bowel : and is indeed a jree excellent thing againft the Gripings of the
uts.
XVI: The Acid Tinture. This is yet a more excellent Stomatick than the former, where there is alaffitude or weaknefs of the Stomach, and the Tone thereof feems to be depraved or undone, and the Acidities thereof fo diminifhed, as that the Pa- tient wants an Appetite, and cannot at all digeft their Fi but that it comes up again undigeft- ed, with Vomitings, manifold Reachings, and vehe- ment Sicknef$ thereof, being taken in Ked or White Port Wine, or in a generous Canary, to a pleafing Acidity ; it reftores the Tone of the Stomach, and kills Worms in the Body.
XVIIL. The Oily Tinture. If it is daily taken, viz. Morning and Night, in any generous Vehicle, from. twenty drops to forty, it cures the Colick, and Griping of the Guts, and mightily ftirs up Ve- nety. It prevails alfo againft the bitings of Serpents, ae Gs of that called Ampbisbena, the place bitten being alfo anointed therewith. mg ” it is ies eat iy the Stomach ag Bey:
y its an ing property, and pre- vails cence. a Paralyfis, or Pic, fo alfo it is eminently. good againft that. Difeafe by anointing the whole length of the Back-bone therewith, as alfo the parts affe€ted, twice a day before a fire, and rubbing it very well in for along time: And by outward application in like manner, it prevails a- gainft Cramps, Convulfions, Gouts, and the Sciatica, and all cold and moift Difeafes happening in what
of the Body foever. The Saline Tinfure. It opens Obftruftions of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, provokes Urine,
drunk, al it kills them that take it. But | and caufés an Evacuation of Sand, Gravel, and Tar- plied, it diffolves Knots and Kernels ;|tarous Matter out of thofe parts. | other hard Tumors, being affiduoufly |dram, or more, in a Glaf$ of generous White Port . ee % y : 4 js: ine. -
Dofe to one
Wi
45 es 2 a ee Phe
up Venery by an encreafe of Blood and. Seed, and} by a gentle warming, and, as it were, vivifying the fame. Dofe one fpoonful, or more, in the Morning
XXL The Oil by Diftillation. Being taken in- wardly from ten to fifteen or twenty drops, and in fome very cold and moift Conftitutions Rae | or forty drops; firft dropt into, and mixt well with} White Sugar, and then mixed well with a glafs of
ing all thofé parts which are affected with thofe Difeafes, outwardly, Morning and Night, and rub-
ftrengthening the parts of Generation.
IL. An Obfervation. The Arabian mgntion and others of the Ancients, tell us how we fhoul corrett Coriander Seed before we ue it, viz. by fteeping it all Night in Vinegar, and then drying it again, thereby to take away Ae they think ) its Vatine Qualities. But this Lobe/ feems to ow.
and that truly with very good reafon, becaufe no be extra€ted from it , for after it is
Preparation when it is made into Comfits, and is fo fer from being hurtfiul to the Stomach, and Bow-
coritraty, it has been found by great Experience to
js Dy
and no Noifome Smell or Tafte, that being contain- ed only in its Humidities whilft it is Green, and not in the Seed when only dried.
eee CS CHAP. CLIV. of CORN-FLAG.
1 HE Names. \t is called in Greek, Xipuiv, Band edeyay: In Latin, Gladiolus, and of fome Enjfis (as it were the Sword Flag : ) of fome Gladiolus Segetalis, Villorialis famina Cordi, and} Vidlorialis Rotunda : In Englifh, Corn-Flag. Il. The Kinds: There are feveral forts thereof, as, 1. Gladiolus’ Narbonenfis, The French Corn-Flag. 2. Gladiolus Italicus binis form ordinibus, The Italian Com-Flag. 3. Gladiolus Bysantinus, The Conftantinopolitan or Turkifh Corn-Flag. 4. Gla- diolus flore rubente,Blufh-colored Corn-Flag. 5.G/a- diolus flore albo, White-Rowred Corm-Flag. 6. Gia-}i diolus purpurens minor, "The {mall purple Corn-| i i Flag. fi Gladiolus Lacuftris, The Water, Corn, or Sword Flag, deferibed by Clufins. wes
_ IIE The Defcriptions. The fr as. Root aobiel wee! great, round, flat and bard, laoking a
to the bottom, but may be eafily taken
be a
ee
}
- lieitheeaiad ame
ssshigiidaeidiiinicciascata ncaa ° e aa Chap. 155: Lxgli/h Herbs. 221 LLL ELLA ALLL, about London, which ferve for their Beauty and Ornament. The Water Giadiol is found in fome places of Weft briefland, growing in Waters which have a Gravelly bottom, and which fcarcely bring . forth any other Plants befides. - XL. The Times. They Flower from May, to the boue | end of Fane, and fometimes in Fu/y , but the By- rege or Turky, after all the reit, as is above-
rifing out of the fide of another, being joined ioge- ther at the bottom, fomewhat like unto the Leaves
XII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry, but in what Degree Authors have not faid : but Galen fays, they have a power to Dry, Attract, Wafte and Confume ; and that they have a fubtil and dige {tive Quality.
XIII. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice of the upper Root. 2. An Effence of the fame. 3. An Emplafter. 4. A Cataplafm. 5. A Pouder of the Cods and Seed.
_ The Virtues.
XIV. The liquid Fuice. If it is drunk with Red Port Wine, it is faid to cure the Rupture in Chil- the Stalk. ” dren, Feri Enterocele, which is when the Guts fall
third, or Turky C except that|into the Cods. . - a8 it f Bie in iis Roots, ae ey aa islike| XV. The Effence of the fame, It has the former in all things to the firft Cora-Flag the aes on| Virtues, and being drank Morning and Evening for
up in the middle, of a fair reddifh pom.
ving two white Spots within the mouth thereof, one
ithout any other diffei ie “paalees aid | browner, the Leaf and Stalk of a dark-
fome time, to four or fix ounces in a GlafS of Sher- if- ty Wine, it is faid to provoke Luft, and ftrengthen the Vifcera.
XVI. The Emplafter. It is made of the Root mixed with Franti cenfe and a little Wine: Bei applied, it eafes the Pains of the Gout: it al draws for
ter all the reft are paft. po alia gage So: Brie Wo encreafes, but is more tender, and lefs able to
; Winter s. , ide om Fag is like wnto the French Corm- th Thorns, Prickles, Splinters, or broken Flag in all refpetts, excepting only that the Bowers} Bones out of the Fleh ; it Digefts, Maturates, and are of a pale red color, to whitenefs, com-| Cleanfes. pe mon called a Blufb color. XVIL The Cataplafm. It is made of the Root VIL. The fifth differs not fromthe loft, except-} beaten up with Meal of Darnel, and Honey, and a ine that the Roats are wbiter on- the out/ide, the|little Lard. It waftes and difeuffes hard Nodes, der are greener, without any brownne/s or dark-| lumps of Flefh, and other like hard: Tumors. It is nefs, as int former, and the Flowers are of a pure} alfo found to be a certain and approved remed Snow white color. f the f out Be oars rian in the Throat, vul- th differs not from the for- e King’s-Evil. VILL. The i iffer from any we VIII. The Pouder of the Cods and Seed. If it is drank in Goats, or Affes Milk, to one dram, or of | more, Morning and Evening, as alfo in the time of the Paroxyfin of the Colick, it eafes the pains of © the Colick : but if it is drank in Juniper Water, it is much better. :
ut a {pan long,t a dle, the as you fee in the Cods of Stock- illiflowers, and the like : their Color ws green, and
ie feet, fo that they are an acceptable Food to Wild Ducks, diving to the bottom of the Water ; for they fometime lye fome Yards under Water 5 wha notwithfianding are over-topt by the Stalk, which fprings up from among thofe Leaves, and bears Klowers of a white color, and larger than thofe of Stock-gilliflowers : but ia that bellow part which x next to the Stalk, they are of a blewifh color, almoft in faape vefembling the Flowers of she Corn-Flag, but not abfolutely like them. They confift of five Leaves, whereof the two uppermofi are refletted to- wards the Stalk, the three otber being broader, bang downwards : after the Flowers are poh round poixt- ed Veffels follow, filled with red Seed.
X. The Places. Their Titles, of the chief, gene- } rally fhow from whence they came : but with us they are only nurs‘d up in Gardens : they feem to be Natural to Barbary, where John Tradefcant faw many Acres of Gr Aan a them,
fe Countries where they id, as in Tare in, and France, - ante in Mea-
lows, and in Earable Land among Corn : and we fanegyeat pny of she =
CHAP. CLV.
Of CORN-SALLET, : OR, LAMBS-LETTICE.
I. HE Names. It may be called in Greek, Asuxoadyarey : In Latin, Lafuca Agnina, and Olus Album Dodongi : (n Englifh, Coru-Sallet, or Lambs-Lettice. IL The Kinds. It is not a Kin to the Lertice, called by that name, which I fuppofe was, becaufe it is eaten for a Sallet, as thie Lannie is. And is a fingular Plant by it felf HI. Fhe Defeription.. Ir has @ Root confifting of many fmall and long Fibres ,; from whence fpring up many |, weak Stalks, trailing, as it | were, the ground, about a foot high, if it grows in aad fersl ground ; otherwife but we bund or
109
Gime .s
_ Samenefs of the Latin Name, they are truly two
> ; 222 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1 two bigh, with feveral Foints, and two Leaves fland-| Flowers ; fomewhat like unto Tanfie Flowers, but ang at each Foint, narrow and long. Likewife from) leffer ; which afterwards are the Heads which con. the fame Root, at its firft coming forth out of the\ tain the Seed, which is fmall, flat, and long : Thefe : ground, many Leaves, long, narrow, and round point-\ Flowers being gathered. before pad be ripe, rid ed, of a whitifh green color, fpring forth, which grow) their color and beauty a pretty while without Wiz clofe xpon the ground, which live all the Winter,| thering , and the whole Plant is of a sti pleafant and from among which, in the beginning of the Spring,| Smell and Tafte, and very agreeable with the Sto- ( if it is fown in Autumn, as is ufual, when it %\ mach. to ferve for an early Sallet ) feveral fmall, round Stalks rife up, branching forth at the top, and bear- ing Tufts of fmall black blew Flowers, ( but Dodo- nus fay, they are very fmall white Howers, clofely compat together : ) Thefe Tufts of white Flowers): are broad, but the Flowers themfelves are very {mall, Jo that they can fcarcely be known to be Elowers, fing that they grow many together, like a Tuft or Umole. .
IV. The Places: This Herb grows Wild in Corn- Fields : (whence the Name ) but fince it has grown into ufé amongft us for Salletting, it is alfo fown in Gardens for a Sallet Herb.
V. The Times. tis found Green all Winter and
Summer : and runs up to Flower and Seed in March, April, and May. . _ VI. The Qualities. \t is Temperate in refpett of cheat or cold; and moift in the firft Degree. It is emelen Hepatick, Alterative, and Galaftoge-| netick.
VII. As to the Specification, Preparations, Virtues and Ufes of this Herb, Authors have been filent. It is doubtlefS an innocent Plant, and pleafant to be eaten: for which reafon it is ufed as a Winter Sallet, at leaft wife very early in the Spring ; for which ear it is dref¥d up to the. Table as Garden Lettices are, with Salt, Vinegar, and Oil = fometimes with Sugar alfo, as the Eater beft
es.
POLLY a
i >
S\N
vn _ \ 2
—_
oa
.; —_~ r) 4
© HAT. .CEVL.
IV. The Places. It grows almoft every where in Gardens, and is nurs’d up with us for the fieet Smelling of its Flowers and Leaves. But in It it has been found to grow naturally Wild in and untilled places, efpecially in the Duke of Tu/- cany’s Dominions. Ree
J. The Times. It Flowers in Fume and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe fome time after.
VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the end of the fecond Degree. It is Aperitive, Abfterfive, Carminative, Digeftive, Difcuffive, Diane ae matick or Vulnerary ; it is alfo Cephalick, Neuro- tick, Stomatick, Cordial, Nephritick, and Hyfte- rick ; Alexipharmick, and Analeptick.
VIL. The Specification. It is fingular in curing all forts of Green Wounds. Lie
VII. The Preparations. You may prepare there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. ae
of COSTMARY.
{. 7° HE Names, Ut feems not to have any Greek Name: but the Latins call it G- Stus bortorum major : {ome call it Balfamita major, Mentha Graca, Mentha Romana, Mentha Corymbi- fera major, Mentha Saracenica ; by Gefner, in Hor- tis, Oviaria : by Cefalpinus, Herba Maria, and Laffulata by others: In Englifh, Coftmary, or Ale- coaft. 1 The Kinds. Of the Coftus bortorum, there are two Kinds, viz. 1. The Greater, which is Coftmary, of which in this Chapter. 2. The Leffer, which is Maxdlin, of which in its place, in fome one of the following Chapters of this Book : Many Au- thors join thefe two Plants together, in» one’ Chap- ter, making them as two Species under one Gens : But in my Opinion, notwithftanding the Unity or
differing Herbs.
Il. The Defcription. Coftmary bas a Root which as fomewhat bard, and very full of Strings, which being divided with the Heads of Leaves, may be re- en in me Spring ig fe posed ~_ this ae vu lh
t {pring fort and k le green itues. 75 ve Yate dented, pio little about ibe kde : Ae ry one flanding upon a long Footftalk ; which} IX. The liquid Fuice of the Herb. It prov rife up many round green Stalks, with fuch like| Urine mi ing Obftruftions of the
> - (@) Cc. Leaves thereon, but leffer up towards the top, where Urinary Fas andy ineton takes away the it {preads into three, four, or more Branches. of the Womb, if it be not Cancero
It gently evacuates Choler and Flegm, atten
15. Poteftates or Powers. 16. An Elixir. 17.4 a - Fixed Salt. ee
»
7 TL
one bearing an Umble or fcaly Tuft of git-aclen
ls = see dail 7 =e ay ET eros ET FE Ie a Te LS i DESERT: SOOT r ‘ oo 7 a
4 | \
apt to fall upon the Lungs, and helps to digeft
~ It warms. and -comtorts Parts affetted with any
' dition of Adders-tongue, it is an excellent thing to
affetted Liver. It prevails againft Convulfions, and — the diftemperatur 50 +
Chap. 156. © Emghfh Herbs. - 223 eee that which is thick and grofs, cuts and divides that which is tough and glutinous, cleanfes that which is toul, hinders Corruption or Putrefa€tion, diffolves without Attra&tion, opens Obftru€tions, and_ re- moves their evil effects. It ftrengthens the Sto- mach and Liver, and all the other Vi/cera ; and if it is.taken from two ounces to four, or fix, in Cla- rified Whey, it operates the more effeCtually to all the aforenamed intentions. Being alfo duly given Morning and Evening, as alfo about two or three hours before the coming of a QuotidianAgue, it is very powerful in repreffing it, and for the moft part Cures it.
X. The Effence. \t has all the Virtues of the li- quid Juice, and indeed more powerful to all the in- tentions 5 befides which, it is an excellent thing to be ufed Dietetically by all thofe who have com- pofed Wounds, running Sores, old and putrid Ul- cers, inveterate Fiftula’s, or have a Cachexia, or are inclinable to the Green-ficknefS, in which laft cafe, it does as much as moft Vegetables cando. It may be given either alone of it felf} or mixt with a glafs of White Port Wine, from one ounce to fix, every Morning fafting, and laft every Night at Bed time. Thus taken, it is alfo very profitable again{ft continual Pains of the Head, to ftop, dry up, and confume all thin diftillations, which are
{trengthens the Nerves, Head and Brain, and helps all cold and moift difaffections of thofe parts. By the conftant taking of it, {tops and dries up Catarrhs, and the affluxes of cold Rheums to other parts of the Body; and is very profitable againtt an invete- rate Head-ach, proceeding from a cold and moift _ Caufe., Dofe one fpoonful Morning and Night, in
a GlafS of Sherry, Canary, White Port, or other Generous Wine. =i $y
XVIIL The Acid Tinfure. It isa moft fingular Stomatick, refifts Crudities and Putrifaction, and therefore is very good againft all Putrid, Malign, and Peftilential Fevers : it quenches Thirft, caufes a good Appetite to Food, and helps digeftion. And being prudently adminiftred, it is a very effettual Medicament to kill Worms in Children. Bathed well in, Morning, Noon, and Night, upon places affef&ted with the Gout, it opens the Pores, attracts and draws forth the malign Humor, eafes the Pain to a Miracle, difcuffes the Tumor, and quickly re- ftores the Patient to his defired health. When it is taken ages A it is to be given in fome proper Vehicle, or Wine, to a gat ul Acidity ; it repref> fes Vapors ftom the Womb, and is to be taken Morning, Noon, and Night. .
XIX. The Oily Tindure. Wt eafes all external Aches or Pains in any —o of the Body whatfoever, proceeding from a cold and moift Caufe, it takes away the relaxation of the Nerves, and Mufcles, prevails wonderfully againft the Palfie, and ftreng- thens the Mufcles, Nerves, Tendons and Joints, be- ing weakned through Pain, or any afflux of Humors. But in cafe of the Palfie, the Back-bone; from the Neck to the Azws, is daily, Morning and Night, to be well anointed therewith, as alfo all the Parts which are affetted, rubbing and chafing it in. It | cures the Nerves, being Prickt or Wounded, imme diately eafing the Pain, and abating the Tumor ; and iff a fhort time after heals the Wound. If it is taken inwardly from twelve to twenty or thirty drops, in any Homogene Vehicle, it cures cold and moift Diftempers of the Head, Breft and Lungs, and prevails againft the Head-ach, ce Vertigo, Carus, Lethargy, Apoplexy, Falling-ficknefS, Palfie of the Head and Tongue, and other Difeafes of like kind. It alfo opens Obftructions of the Reins and Womb, and is prevalent again{t Vapors, and Fits of the Mother. .
XX. The Saline Tinfure. Given to one dram, or more, in a GlafS of White Port Wine, Morning and Evening, it fingularly opens the Urinary Pat- fages,and powerfully provokes Utine, expelling all
raternatural, or Tartarous Matter out of the Reins,
reters, and Bladder, and is very prevalent againft a Sarcites, ot Anafarca, which is a Dropfie in tlie flefhy parts of the whole Body.
XXI. The Spirit. It is Cordial, and refifts Poi- fon, and is prevalent againft Fainting and. Swoon- ing Fits, Vapors, and Fits of the Mother - it refifts the malignity of the Plague or Peftilence, and the contagion of the Spotted Fever, or other infeCtious Difeafes ; it is good alfo againit the Venom of Ser- pents, as of the Viper; Rattle Snake, and others of that kind, the poifon of Mad-Dogs, for which there are but few better remedies. It is a fingular thing againft Vemiting, and. ficknefS at Heart, by revi- ving the Spirits, and ftrengthenif the Parts.
XX. The Diftilled Oi/. Taken inwardly in any proper Vehicle ( being firft dropt into_ White Sugar) it comforts the Head, Brain, and Nerves, dries up cold and moift Humors, and is helpful a- gainft all thofe Difeafes which are caufed by them, in any of the Parts aforenamed. Ir cures Palfies, inwardly taken and outwardly applied ; fo alfo
Convulfions, happening in what part of the Body foever.
raw Humors. It is a truly beneficial thing to the Bowels, and kills Worms in Children:
XI. The Infufion, or Detottion in Wine. 'They have the Virtués of the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo Bean ried and thereforé may be given to half a Pint, Morning; Noon, dnd Night. It opens Obftruftions of the Womb, and if feafonably taken, viz. about a Week before the time, it pro- vokes the Terms in Women. »
XU. The Pouder of the Leaves. It is a good Stomatick, andmay be taken ftom half a dratn, to two drams, Morning and Night, in any proper Ve- hicle. I commend it to fuch as are apt to have the Gout to fly upwards into the Stomach : it is Aftrin- owe refifts Poifon, and the bitings of Venomous
eafts, and kills Worms in Humane Bodies.
XIIL. The Oil by Infolation, or boiling in Oil Olive.
Preternatural Coldnefs, and_refifts the afflux of cold
and moift Humors, it difcuffes Swellings, and gives
eafe in the Gout, Sciatica, and other like Pains. XIV. The Ointment. If it is made with the ad-
cure Burnings and Scaldings, whether with Fire, Water, or Oil, and to cleanfe and heal old Ulcers ; aos eens to difcuf$ hard Tumors in Womens
realts. :
XV. The Balfam. It not only cures fimple Green Wounds at the firft Intention, but alfo digefts and maturates thofe which are Compofed or Compli- cate. It digefts putrid and eating Ulcers, and by its Anodyn quality eafes their Pains ; it~cleanfes them, and if hollow, or wanting in flefh, it incar- nates; and by its Aftringent property, it dries up their Humidities, ftrengthens the part, and brings the Sore to a fpeedy healing.
XVI... The Smaple/e. Applied, it difcuffes re- cent Contufions, cleanfes ald and running Sores, re- filts the putridity of Ulcers, eafes the Gout, ftreng- thens weak Limbs and Joints, abates Inflammations, and draws out the fre in Burnings, being applied before they are blifter’d.
XVII. ‘The Spirituous Tinfure. It warms and pile a-cold and moift Stomach, and is an efpecial
to help an evil, weak, cold, and dif-
wature, Or tortions of the Bowels,
"Neda Oe
Stomach, all that it is poffible for thofe Pr
2.2.4, Salmon’s Herbal. Lib.L
Viridante fimplici, The {ingle green Cowllip. 4. Pa- ralyfis flore &F Calice Crifpo, The curled Cowllip, 5- Paralyfis flore geminato odorato, The double Cow. flip, one within another. 6. Paralyfis flore Flava Simplici inodoro fine Calicibus, Single Oxlips. 7. Pa- ralyfis flore geminato inodora, Double Oxlips, hofe in hofe. 8. Paralyfis inodora calicibus diffettis, Ox. te with Jagged Husks. 9. Paralyfis flore fatuo,
e foolifh Cowflips. 10. Paraly/is hortenfts flore pleno, Double Garden Cowflips. 11. Paralyfis flore viridante pleno, Double green Cowllips. 12. Para. Lyfis flore viridante, five Calamiftrato, The Double green feathered Cowflip, or green Rofe Cowflip.
III. There are feveral Plants called by the name of Primula veris, ( ftom their being the firft Flow- ers which appear in the Spring ) and to which that name is Genws, they being all various Species of the fame, viz. 1. Primula veris major, five Paraly- fis, The Cowflip or Oxlip, of which we have be- fore enumerated twelve feveral Kinds, whofe De- an so we fhall give in this Chapter. 2. Pri- mu ingle
foever. Taken to a dram at a time, in fome pro r Vehicle, two hours before the coming of the Fit of an Ague, it cures it, more efpecially if it is ta- ken or repeated two, three,or four times: The beft thing to take it in (in this cafe) is the ftrongeft Wine: in the fame (and in the fame Dofe) alfo in ‘a Palfie ; but in other Sr it may be taken from ten to twenty or thirty drops: outwardly al- fo anointed upon Cramps, and parts Convulfed, it gives relief in a {hort time.
X The Powers. They have all the fame Virtues with the Oil, and are much more Subtil and Penetrative, yet may be taken in a much larger Dofe, as from adram to four drams, in any proper’ Vehicle. They have alfo all the Virtues of the Spirit, aforementioned, and ftrengthen the Sto-| mach admirably. Given Morning and Night in White Port Wine, or in fome other Diuretick Ve- hicle, as in Parfley, or hot Arfmart Water, Deco- &ion, or Infufion of Winter Cherries, €%c. they powerfully open Obftruétions of the Reins, Ure- ters, and Bladder, provoke Urine, and expel all Tartarous Matter, as Stones, Gravel, Sand, Slime, Matter, (7c. lodged in thofe Parts.
XXIV. The Elixir. It has all the Virtues of the Spirit, Diftilled Oil, and Powers, Si perform- i to the
ti-
the whole Univerfal Frame, making the Patient — pap agg ae and giving him a health- habit of Body. Being bathed upon parts affe- &ed with the Gout, in acold habit of Body ; it gives relief, and in a fhort time. Taken inwardly in a Glafs of Canary, from one dram to three or four, it gives eee eafe in the Colick, ‘by diffipa- a a F ing theWind. XV. The Fixed Salt. \t is good againft Dif- eafes of the Nerves, by carrying off the Matter which obftruéts them, by the Reins , for it diffolves Vifcous Juices in all parts of the Body, efpecially in the Blood, and caufes them to be pifs’d forth; for as it opens Obftruftions of the Urinary Parts, and provokes Urine, by its mixtion with the Blood, fo it carries off the Morbifick Matter of Palfies, Numbnefs, Rheumatifs, and Obftru€tions ( be they where they will) the right way, viz. by that wa which Nature feems moft inclin’d to promote, which is moft ro. by Urine. Dofe twenty, thirty, or forty grains Morning and Night, in a large glafs of White Port Wine. )
CHAP. CLVIL of COWSLIPS.
LP HE Names. Some doubt whether the| ‘IV. The Deferiptions. The frft,-orCommon Greeks knew this Plant or no; however| Cowllip, has Roots like to the Pierole aa Ne Jater Authors have called it Meedaves, 3) Benivn Fibres annexed to the greater Root , from wh avmmig + In Latin, Paralyfis, Herba Paraly/is, Herba Spring up Several green Leaves, very hie “unto the ild but fhorter, rounder, fri ougher,
Englifh, Cowflips, Oxlips, and Paigles. Inch or two long. From feup 2 I. The Kinds There are fevetal forts ‘hereof, | divers round naked Sta fom,
as, 1. Paraly/is vulgaris pratenfis flore favo fimplict | more or lefs, high, img at the any jae
odorato, The Common i Husk,
fis altera odorata flore pallido er y
rofe, or many flo ry St
Chap. 157. Englilb Herbs.
_ V. The fecond, which is the Primrofe Cowflip, or many Flowred, bas a Root like the former, from which {pring forth. Leaves, which are larger than the Common Field Cowflip, and of a dark yellowifh green color , from the midjt of which /pring up fe- veral Stalks like the other ; at the tops of which are the Flowers, which are manifold, and growing toge- ther. in Husks like the former, fometimes to the number of thirty in one Head, at the top of one Stalk, and fometimes more, every one of them having a longer Footftalk than the Common Kind, which is requifite by reafon of their great number : they are of 4 pale yellowifh color, almoft like thofe of the Field Primrofe, with yellow. fpots at the bottom of the oe as the Common Kind have, and of a {weet
mel. — - ; VI. The third, or Single Green Cowllip, bas a Root like the firft, with many Fibres annexed, and from which there is but little difference either in its
Root, or Leaf ; the chief difference in this Kind be-| fi
ing, that the Leaves are fomewbat greater ; the Flowers being in all ref{petts like in form to the fief Field Kind, but fomewhat larger, and of the fame color with the whitifh-yeHowifh green Husks, or rather a little yellower, and of very little Smell : In any other thing there is no diverfity, but that it as much longer in Flower, before it fades, efpecially if it grows out of the Sun. ~ es |. The fourth, or Curled Cowllip, differs chief- ly in the Howers, which are folded or crumpled at the edges, the Husks of the Flowers being larger than any of the former, more fwelling out in the middle, as it were Ribs, and crumpled on the fides of the Husks. Br Ee Vill. The fifth, or Double Cowflip, one in another, which fome call hofe in hofe, has each Single Flower growing out of another, which makes.the fame Dou- ble ; ch which reafon Pena calls it Geminata, for that the Flowers. are brought forth like Twins : The Smell is the fame with the common Field Cowllip, but fae meshes 7 6 6} eet IX. The fixth, or Single Cowflip, which has Roots,. and Leaves,. and Stalks like the firft Kind, but fomewhat- fmaller : the Flow- ers are yellow like the firft Cowllip, and fmaller alfo, ftanding vag upon a Stalk, but-bare or naked, without any Husk to contain them, and having no other thing befides differing from the Common, or Field Cowflip. _ XX. The feventh, or Double Oxlip, called, Hofe in Hofe, is almoft like the former Double Cowflip, or Hofe in Hofe, having its fingle Flowers one wit in another, faving that this has no Husks to con- tain them, no more than the former Oxlips, but ftants bare or naked, and of the very fame bignefs each of them, and of the fame deep yellow color with : it, aud with as little Smell-as the Single.. There is another of this aed whofe Leaves are fomewbat | larger, as-alfo the Flowers, but of a paler yellow . _ XL. The eighth, or Oxlip with Jagged Leaves, | differs:not from the firft Single Oxlip im the /mall- is of the green Leaves, but in the Flower, which many of them. ont on a reafonable high -are very fmall and yellow, and fcarce open, or | themfelves, but appear only, as having a e under each Flower, which is divided into
differs not . but bears
Oxilip, is a. kind of
the Flowers.
225
{ larger than when it bas but broken pieces of Elow-
ers ) do carry whole Flowers in Husks like the Single Kind.
XII. The tenth, or Double Garden Cowflip, bas /maller and darker green Leaves, than the fir Single Field Kind has, and longer Footftalks alfo, on which the Leaves do rand : It bears feveral Flowers
upon a Stalk, but not fo many as the Single Kind,
g igh bith much above the brims of the Husks which bold them,
ble. a pretty pleafant fweet Smell, but not. os > f pretty pleafant fi >
_ XIV. The eleventh, or Double Cowllip, is fo like to the fingle green kind, before defcribed, that until it is near flowering, it can hardly be di ftinguifhed from the Single Kind : but when it is in
ower, it has large Double Flowers, og the fame yel- lowifb green color, with the Single Green, and more laid open or {preading than the Flowers of the former Double Cowllip.
XV. The twelfth, or Double Green Feathered Cowllip bas but little difference in the Leaves from the Double Green laft defcribed, but that they aré not of fo dark a Green. The principal diffeeence confifts in the Flowers, which are many, ftanding toge+ ther at the me of the Stalks, but far differing from all others of thefe kinds ; for every Flower ftanding upon its own Stalk, is compofed of many very fmall and narrow Leaves, without any Husk to contain them, but {preading open like a little Rofe,( whence came the name of Kote Cowllip) of a pale yellowifh green color, and without any Smell at all, abiding in Flower ( efpecially if it flands in a fhadowy place out of the Sun ) above two Months, almoft in as perfet
— as in the firft Week.
XV. The Places. All thefe Kinds have been found growing Wild in England, and from theit natural places of growth, they have been ttanfplanted. into our Gardens,where they abide ; and being in a richer ewe gtow larger and faiter than in their natural
ces. : XVIL The Times. They all Flower in the Spring of the Year, fome earlier, and fome later, according as they are defended from Cold and Froft, andas the mildnefs of the Seafon will baemee> They Flower at the latter end of Apri/ and in May, ( later than Primrofes do) and the Single and Double green Cow/lips the lateft, and continue flowering a pretty while after all the reft.
XVI. The Qualities. They are all hot and dry in the firft Degree, They are Aperitive, do Attes nuate, are i oath Difcuffive, Incarnative, Trau- matick ‘ Vulnerary’; Cephalick, Neurotick and
TICK.
XIX. The Specification. They are fingular for the cure of Palfies and Gouts.
XX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Wine of A Pouder of the Leaves. 5. An Ointment of the. Flowers. 6. A Cataplafm of the Whole Plant. 7° A Diftilled Water of the Whole. 8. A Spirituows Tiniure of Leaves and Flowers,
9. An Oily Tintture of the fame. 1>. A Saline Tin-
ure.
11. A Spirit. 12. A Fixed Salt. 13. A Balfam. ;
inwardly ‘two ouaces to four, if ea Gg «pains
RN i od
226 Salmon’s Herbal.
more,
oufe,
the fharpnefs of Humors, Pain, or Inflammation ik ee fent : it may be ftrewed on dry, © as accounting it among
mongKia, rts, aS We
and a treble repetition of the fame, it is id by Skin, Sun-burnings, and Freckles, adding Beauty,
the Species_o: , Sage : sie des
Shy, GS NG V4
if.
XXVUL. The Spirituous Tinflure. It has all the Virtues of the Effence ; and is much more Cordial, and therefore better againft Fainting and Swooning Fits, ficknef$ at Heart, and other Diftempers in which the Vitals are concerned. Dofe half'a {poon- ful or more in a Glaf$ of Generous Wine.
XXIX. The Oily Tinture. \t is perlias againft the Palfie and Gout, as. alfo Convulfions, Cramps, Punétures of the Nerves, &%c. in.all which cafes, it} has fearcely any equal: In Palfies anoint with it} Morning and Evening, all along the Back-bone, from] the Vertebra of the eat molt to the Azms, as alfo the Parts affe€ted, mbbing it very well in; in Gouts, (from a cold Caufe ), Convulfions, Cramps, Punttures, &c. you may only, anoint the parts af- feted’, but in Convulfions, it wilt be good alfo to take it inwardly ( in fome Neurotick. Vehicle ) Morning. and Night, from fifteen drops to thirty or forty, as the Exigeney may, require.
XXX. The Saline Tintture. If it is daily, taken twice a day, from halfadram to one dram, in a
ood Glafs of White Port Wine or Canary, it
owerfully opens Obftmuttions of the Urinary, parts, and eafes pains in the Reins, Ureters and, Bladder, and if any Sand, Gravel, Smnall Stones, or, Tastar- ous Mucilage be lodged in, thofe parts, it them thereof, and expells it,
rifpnels, called sO ce ae : + @ In ENED, Jere : eres SF J é 4 tblem, Spotted
yphitum maculofien al, Sr , and Can
Lb kes
admirably, and is a Medicament. which every Goce Country man ought to keep .always in his
or FY Ve riome and {0 ap-|i THE Names. It does not appear that this Unguentum Nicotiand, an ap T Plant was known to Re ot ne yet
the Kinds of pow hi or & » have
des
awort, and
ge ae lias Danis
LEN Athy) j % uy a y 44 2 iP Ls 22 4, bf \ Wy
__ I. The.Kinds. Authors make three Species or ‘sa cleanfes Kinds-of this Plant, viz: Ie ja macujofe — ‘vulgaris, Common fported: Jerufalem ‘an
Chap. 150. Lzglifh Herbs. 227 SES eee eee eeowOroOororr- or 2. Pulmonaria maculofa altera, ( Parkinfom fays,| they may exceed Comfrey. And whereas in Comfrey non maculofa ) Pulmonaria Echij foliis, Buglofs} the Root is chiefly ufed ; in thefe Plants, the Leaves
- Leav’d Jerufalem Cowflip. 3. Pusmonaria anguffi-\ are the moft confiderable. -_ ( fecunda Clufij ) Narrow Leav'd J em| IX. Ax Obfervation. The liquid Fuice or Effence Owilip.
wilip. All which Plants, Gerard fays, are the] of the Leaves, or whole Plant, have been found by » True Lungworts. large Experience to be fingularly good for the Cure . IE. The Defcriptions. The firft of shefe has a| of Ulcerated Lungs, which are full of corrupted. Root compofed of many long and thick black firings ,| and rotten Matter : and it has been found to be a from whence arife many rough, large, and round| Cure for thofe who {pit Blood. Dofe two, three, Leaves, but pointed at the ends, ftanding upon Jong} or four ounces in a Glafs of pure Red Port Wine. - Footftalks, ‘aes with many round white {pots on| But the greateft ufe which our Countrey People the upper fides of the Leaves, which are ee a fad\ make of it, is for a Pot Herb. green or brown color on the tops, but of a grayer| — . green underneath. From among thefe Leaves Spring up feveral brown Stalks, a foot, more or lefs, high, bearing many Flowers at the tops, very much refem- bling thofe of Cowllips, being of a purple or reddifh color, while they are Buds, and of a dark blewifh color when they are, blown, flanding in brownifh green Husks ( fometimes this Plant has been found with white Flowers : ) The Flowers being palt, fmall\ round Heads, like Buttons, come up, in which w con- zained fmall black Seed. .
IV. The fecond, or Buglofs Jerufalem Cowfli is like unto the former, but greater in each refpett : the Roots black like unto a 3 the Leaves, fays —_— ad: are y\ er than wes eR ( but naa on Says fmaller ) being rough like the former, refembling Wild BuglofS Leaves, of a fairer color above, and of a whiter underneath, jfoovied with white {pots like the fir ft foe Gerard ( but without any {pots at all, Says infon: ) The Stalks are a little more branched than the other : at the tops of which come forth Flowers like to the firft in form, and of an ex- ceeding red fhining color. FS)
V. The third, or Narrow Leav’d Jerufalem Cow- flip, or Lungwort, which i the ‘fecond of Clufius, has a Root which is black, and ftringy, in which laf refpe it is like unto Cowllips, as are both the other. From this Root Spring forth Leaves fome- what longer than the laft decribed, and not fo broad, which are rough and hairy like unto the Leaves of Echium or Wild Buglofs, but narrower, and {potted with whiti~h fpots alfo like the former. Stalk a about a foot high, or better, fet with the like long hairy Leaves, but fmaller, tp ty Bad the top a bun-
ing i ks like the firft
fi thofe laft deferibed ; ) being fomewhat reddifh in the Bud, and of a dark pepe blew color, when they are fully blown, and having Seed alfo like the others. All thefe Plants do well refemble Buglofs or Com- fiey in moft parts, excepting in their Roots: And thefe are they which, Gerard fays, are the true Lung- wort ; ( but Cowllip «% indeed the more ufual
name, )»:
VI. The Places. All thefe grow naturally in the Woods of Germany. in divers places: Parkinfon fays, that the firft Kind is found in England. obn- fon upon Gerard fays, that the fecond Pu/monaria Solij apy ak found by Mr. Fobu Goodyer flower- ing in a Wood raat Houfe in the New Foreft in Hampflire. ‘Their natural place is in moift and fhadowy Woods, but with us they are for the moft part Nurs’d up in Gardens.
VII. The Times. They flower generally very eay- ly in the Year, for the moft part in March, and in the beginning of Apri/.
. The Qualities Specification Virtues and Ufes, are much like thofé of Comfrey, in Chap. 149. afore- going, to which es are referred ; but doubtlefs ‘ Ge tan at uch a hg > as sa gcmmnce Comfrey has, fo in many cafes they may not be a
ents powestas 5 but as thefe are more drying and
binding than Comfrey, fo alfo in fome other cafes,
CHAP. CLIX. Of CRANES-BILL Garden.
“J HE Names. It is called in Greek, Teesver , in Latin Geranium , alfo Gruinalis, Rofirum Gruis, ox Gruinum, Roftrum Ciconie, (ftom the form of the Seed Veffels: ) in Engli/h, Storks-bill, and Cranes-bill. aK... The Kinds. There are ay cage of a I. Teoossey ausesv, Geranium SLlorteny{e. Garden Rea 27) & which in this Cha ter, 2. Geranium Mofchatum, Musked Cranes-bill, oF which in Chap. 160. 3. Geranium Batrachoides, Crowfoot Cranes-bill, of which inChap.151. 4. Ge- ranium agrefte, Field Cranes-bill, of which in Chap. 162. §. Geranium Columbinum, Doves-foot, of which in Chap. . 6. Geranium Robertianum, Herb Robert, of which in Chap. _. following.
je 4 ~~ WE 7G
NS
Il. The Garden Kinds, of which we treat in this Chapter, are manifold, viz. 1. Geranium Tu- berofum, Tuberous ot Knobbed Cranes-bill. 2. Gr- ranium Anglicum Variegatum Befleri, Geranium Verficolor, frve firiatum, the Variable, or Strip’d Cranes-bill. 3. Geranium fufcum froe maculatum,
Brown, or {potted Cranes-bill. 4. Geranium Hz- Gg2 matoides
>
228 Salmon’s Herbal. matordes, vel Sanguineum, Geranium Gruinale bema- torles Lobellij, Bloody Cranes-bill, or Red Rofe Cranes-bill-
1V. The Defcriptions. The firft or Tuberous Cranes-bill has a Root Tuberous and round, like al- moft unto the Root of Cyclamen, or common Sow- bread, but fmaller, and of a dark ruffet color on the out fide, but white within, which encreafes under Ground by feveral firings running from the Mother Root, fielling out into fmall round Tubercles or Knobs, like unto the Roots of Ground Nuts, which
Lib. 1. that the Leaves of this are not fo large as the Leaves of that : From among thefe Leaves {pring up feve- ral Stalks a foot or more high, jointed and knobbed here and there, bearing at the Tops two or three white Flowers, confifting of five Leaves a pire fo thickly, and variably firiped with fine {mall reddifh Veins, that no green Leaf, which is of that bignefs, can foew fo many Veins in it, nor fo thick running, as eve af of the Flower of this beautiful Cranes- bill doth. In the middle of the Flower flands a fmall pointel, which when the Flower 7s paft, does grow will quickly foot out Leaves, and in a fhort time\to be the Seed-Veffel, on which is fet feveral fmalt bear Flowers , but will not endure to be kept long) Seeds, like unto the {mall Seeds of the other Cranes- out of the ground, without danger to be quite fpoiled. | bills. From this Root {pring forth three or four large\ VI. The third, which #% the Brown, or Spotted Leaves {pread upon the ground, of a greyifh, or ra-\Cranes-bill, bas a Root confifting of divers great ther dujfly green color, every one of them being as it\ Strings, joined to a Tuberous or Knobby Head ; from were of around form, but drvided or cut into fix| which head arifes Leaves in all refpetts like thofe or feven long parts or divifions, even unto’ the mid- ¢ the laft defcribed, as well in the form and divi- dle, which makes it feem to be fo many Leaves,| fions, as in the color of the Leaves, being of a yel- each of the cuts or divifions being deeply notched or \ lowifh green, and having a blackifh fpot at the bot- indented on both fides. Among thefe Leaves rifes\ tom of every divifion in every leaf, whence came the up a Stalk a foot or more bigh, bearing thereon at\ name, but larger and fironger by much, The Stalks the Tops and Joints, feveral pale, but bright pur-| of this rife much higher alfo, and are jointed or ple Flowers, made of five Leaves apiece , after which | knobbed with reddifh Knees or Foints, on the Tops come fmall Heads, with long pointed Beaks, refem-\ where fiasy not many, but large Flowers, confift- bling the long Bill of a Stork or Crane, or fome fuch\ ing o, Leaves apiece, each whereof is round at like Bird , which after it is ripe, parts a funder at\ the end, and a little ‘apt round about, and do bend the bottom, where it is biagett into four or five|or turn themfelves back, towards the Stalk, making Seeds, every one of which has a piece of the Beak-\ the middle of the Flower to be the bigheft, or moft head faftned unto it, and falls away if it be not ga-| eminent part : The color of the Flowers is of a dark, thered. or deep blackifh purple, the bottom of every Leaf being whiter than the reft : it bas alfo a middle Pointel growing forth, which afterwards turns into* Seed, like unto the other kinds of Cranes-bill.
Siriped Cranes:ill
i PTT N
\
N /] ] AW ye
—— eS 5 -
V. The fecond, or Striped Cranes-bill, bas a Root made of many {mall yellow threads or firings; from which rife up many broad yellowifh green Leaves, divided into five or fix parts, but not’ unto the. mid- die, as the former is , each of thefe Leaves has a blackifh {pot at the bottom corners of the divifions ; ti .
- the whole Leaf, She Leaf Or he Ge ier sas ‘ Phot 3 vee : 00% Cranes-bill is very like unto the Leaf of the Geranium a is bard, long, and thick, with. or Spotted Cranes-bill, next to be deferibed but| Branches fpreading from it, of areddifh y - Ee eee : sine fi aS a
u ~~“ f v2 ne) Te
ao ie
ry
zi r 44 : “47° , * a pis “a Leaves, and each of them cut in or {nipt on the' that which makes the diftiniion #, that this ke Seer , ’ a
Chap. 160, Exglih Flophs- | 330
on the outfide, ‘and whitifh within, which abides, and Edges 5 among which rife up weak tchler Staik> perifhes not, but fhoots forth fome new green Leaves, | fearce able to fland upright, about a foot, more or
which abide all the Winter, although thofe which | le/s high, with fome po hike Leaves growing upon
turn red, do fall away. From this Root divers Leaves them, as you find below, but fmaller the bigher they
alfo fpring, which {pread themfelves upon the ground,| grow on the Stalk, and the finer cut in on the edges
very much cut in or divided into many parts ; and on the Tops ; alfo among the upper Leaves fome-
aa of them again flit or cut into two or three pit-| times, feveral very fmall Red or Crimfon Flowers
ces, growing upon flender long Footftalks, of a fair | grow, after which very Jmall and long Beaks or Bills
&reen color all the Spring, and Summer, but reddifh | come forth, with Seed at the bottom, as all the reft
in Autumn. Erom among thefe Leaves Spring up of the Cranes-bills have, which twines it felf, as
Several flender and weak Stalks, befet at every Foint | oft of them do. The whole Plant, and every part
( which is fomething reddifh ) with two Leaves for thereof above ground, has a very fine and pleajing
the moft part, like unto the lower. The Flowers| /ort of fmell, very much refembling that of Mask;
grow feverally on the Tops of the Stalks, but not| hence came the name. : many together, in Bunches or Branches, as in all the other kinds of Cranes-bills ; every Flower being as large as a Single Rofe Campion Fower, confifting of five large Leaves, of a deeper red color than in any other Cranes-bill at the Sirft opening 5 but chan- ges more blewifh afterwards: when the Flower is pa, there does arife fuch like Beaks, or Heads of Seed, as are produced in the other hinds ; but they feem to be fmaller.
VIII. ‘The Places. All thefe grow Wild in Foreign places, but are only nurs’d up with us in Gardens. Matthiolus fays, that the firlt grows very plentiful- ly in Dalmatia and Wlyria ; and Camerarius, Clufius, and others fay, that the reft grow in Germany, Bo-
hemia, Ashi &c.
IX. The Times. All thefe Cranes-bills do Flower for the moft part, in April, May, and Fune : but the Variable or Strip’d Cranes-bill Flowers ufually later than any of the reft. :
X. The Qualities. rapa Preparations, Vir- tues and Ufes, of a eCranes-bills. ing one and the fare, wefhall forbear the declaring thereof inthis place, as alfo in fome of the following Cha ters ; till fuch time as we have fully defcribed all fuch kinds as are to be found growing in our Countrey : and therefore I refer you to Chap. 162. where we thall ( God willing ) difcourfé. the fame at large, and to full fatisfaction.
eS 5}
2 : 33 y Ly AS N 7 SS ¢
\ fora WAR
CHAP. CLX, Of CRANES-BILL Musked.
L/P HE Names. It is called in Greek, Mego
esviey 5 Borin é uin@ vel 7% uéye: In Latin, Geranium Reena alio Acus Mo/chata, Roftrum Giconie Mofchatum, Myrrbida Plinij, and Acus Pa- fioris : In Englifh, Musked Cranes-bill, ox Storks- ye a the Vulgar, Musk, Mufchata, and Herb-
Il. The Kinds. We have four feveral forts of is Plant, viz. 1. Geranium Mofchatum Vuleare vel Hortenfe, Herba Mofchus, the Common, or Garden Musked Cranes-bill, or Herb Musk. 2. Ge- ranium Mofchatum inodorum, Musked Cranes-bill without fimell, being only called Musked fiom its form. 3. Geranium So nee odorum, alterum odo- rum folio Coriandri, \talian Musked Cranes-bill. 4. Geranium Creticum, Candy Cranes-bill. "Ul. The Defcriptions. The frft,-or Musked ee has a Root | aay long, with divers ibres thereat, from whence {pring up feveral long Se winged ake a dark pi tbc 4 and fome-| _V. The fecond kind, or Inodorous, in 2 Roots times of an Ash green color, or Somewhat whitifh by Leaves, Stalks, Flowers, Magnitude, se re & : 17 gee veafon of the hairs which are thereon, ) lying upon| ner of growing, fo much refembles the f Frag eyed and cut or divided into many Parts or| at firft fight there jecms to be no difereace ots
Lib. I
CHAP. CLXI Of CRANES-BILL- Crowfoot.
> 230 Salmon’s Herbal. Pkant bas no Smell at all, or if it bas any, it is not of the Musky kind , this bas Red Flowers : But there is alfo another Species of this Inodorous kind, nothing differing from the laft, but in the color the Flowers, the color of thefe being white. V. The third, or Italian Musked Cranes-bill, bas a Root fmall and yellow, lifting up its bead a little above ground, from whence {pring up feveral long Leaves, fomewbat hairy, lying upon the ground, and a little {nipt or cut in on the edges, and divided in- to parts, even to the middle Rib, not much unlike to the Geranium Mofchatum firft defcribed, which Stand upon reddifh Footftalks, the two loweft Faggs being reater than the reft , but thofe which rife up with the Stalk are more cut in, fomewbat like unto the lower Leaves of Coriander or Fetherfew but with rounder dents , the Stalks are Fointed an Kneed, with two fuch ike Leaves at them, but more finely jagged : at the tops of the Stalks and Brancb- es the klowers grow, Pg a pale blewifh purple color, each ftanding ina green hairy Husk, wherein after- wards ftand the heads of Seed, very like to tbe otber ae great a and ny above. The whole ant above ground is of a Pleafing Sweet Musk fA (1 er like the firft of thefe, and of whith it a QW’ OPA an tue MZ) cies. .- ‘ PK WELD) ESAT SZ
VL. The fourth, or Candy Cranes-ill, bas a Root | SS NIW/ Rey ag Vy
tobich is long and white, with fome Fibres adjoining PARQ
to it ; and perifhes when it bas perfelled its Seed : from this Root {pring Pena long and tender Stalks, foft and full of: mice, upon which grow fe- veral broad and long winged Leaves, not much un like to the firft Musked Cranes-bill, cut im, or notcb- ed on the edges. Thefe Stalks fpread themfelves out into many Branches, more:efpecially towards the Top, on the Tops of which grow many Flowers made of five Leaves apiece, of a reafonable bigne/s, and of a fair Blew, or Waschet color, with a purplifh Pointel in the middle, which being. paft, beak like beads follow, as in the other Cranes-bills, but great- er, and containing larger, greater, and fharper point- ed Seed, able to poe the skin. This Plant "bs rin
&
LW HE Names. It is called in Greek, Teednm — Bareayveds : In Latin, Geranium Batrachi- oides, Gratia Dei Fuchfj, Ranunculus coeruleus : and in Englifh, Crowfoot Cranes-bill. : Il. The Kinds. There are fix feveral kinds here- of, 1. Geranium Batrachioides flore Ceruleo, Blew Crowfoot Cranes-bill. 2. Geranium Batrachioides flore albo, White Crowfoot Cranes-bill. 3. Gera- nium Batrachioides alterum, flore purpureo, P Crowfoot Cranes-bill. 4. Geranium Batrachioides, pullo lore, Datk Red Crowfoot Canes-bill. 5. Ge- ranium Batrachioides flore albo & Cwruleo varie, Party colored Crowfoot Cranes-bill. 6. Geranium . Batrachioides longius radicatum Lobelij, Long Root- ed Crowfoot Cranes-bill,
} ; rings up many times of its own Sowing, if the Winter is not too fharp , otberwife being Annual, it muft be Sown in the Spring of the Tear. Ce ' VIL. The Places. ‘The two firft grow Wild (fays Parkinfon ) in many places of this Land, as well in Meadows as wafte Greunds. But the firftis now nurfed up in Gardens for its pleafant fweet Smell. The fecond is found fometimes upon Heaths, and
Crom Ci wares Bly
oe a to us out of Italy, and ‘the fourth out of Ta 1a, a in England axe only nurs'd up in Gar- ie ness The fir ‘Guan lens, where they grow w . TheDefecriptions. or Blew Crowfoot Vill. The Times. They Flower in Fume and Fuly,|Cranes-bill, bas a Root ee compofed of many and the Seed ripens not long after : the Candy| reddifh firings Sprcsting in the a og frmo
ss d lye ojt jmes ,
Capea aig faith, flowered with him for the bent made aa si a ads, which J : —— a moft part in May. above gro rom this Root {pring forth manylarge TX. As for the Qualities, Specification, Prepara-\ Leaves, cut into five or fix ihe Ay even tions and Virtues ( thefe being of the fame nature | to the bottom, and jagged ai on the upon with the Wild Cranes-bills ) fee them in Chap. 162.| very long flender Footftalks, very like to Leaves following. Thefe ‘here are. accounted exeellent of the Field Crowfoot : from among which Leaves Wound Herbs, ‘and equal to Doves-foot : Cres| divers Stalks fpring up with great foints, fi bat tick or Candy~'Cranes-bill being ufed in Wound with Tae like to the firk a
* ee
Chap.161. Exglfb Herbs. 231
like to the former, excepting in two particulars, wig. pfore deferibed in this Chapter: they are ayo cox 1. Inthe Roet, whiehshas not fuch red ‘beads as the tained in thicker and fhorter Cups, and are of 4 former Blew Howered ‘bas. 2. 'In the Flowers, the | fweet Musk-like Smell : The Flowers being pafi, the former being ‘Blew, whereas the Flowers in this are |Seed Jucceeds, which is like to that of As other
i ete ca
wholly White, and fully as large as the fizft. V. Lhe third, or ‘Purple ‘Crowfoot ‘Cranes-bill, bas a Root which is compofed of agreat Tuft of firings, fafined toa Tuberousor Ki obs Head, from whence many Leaves fpring forth, ps upon long Footftatks, Yomewhat like unto the other, yet not fo broad, ‘but more divided or cut, viz. into feven, or more fiits,even to the mitldle, each of whichis abfo cut in on the edges, more deeply than the iformer. The Stalks are alittle Knobbed or Gouty .at ithe Foints, fet with Leaves like wnto the lower, .and bearing a gregt Tuft of ‘Buds at the Tops of the Branches, which bud .and put out into fair large lowers, made of five Leaves, «hich alo fome- thing yrs the r of 2 Mallow, before ir be too full blown, each whereof has .a redidifh Poinvel in the middle, and many P sae threads compuling of at, (ten in number ).as Gerard fays. This'Umble or Tuft of Buds, does Flower dy « es, and not all wd every Flower abides open but a di
more than one day, and then Sheds its Leaves ;
Spre
found to be variably firiped 7 ong and fome- ae divided, the one half of every Leaf Trin
white, and the other half blew ; fometimes wit
greater or leffer fpots of blew in the white Leaf, very variable, and more in fome years than in others ; fo that it would be a very difficult matter to exprefs all the varieties which may be obferved, at the fame and differing times, in the blown Wow-
ers.
VIII. The fixth, or Long Rooted Crowfoot Cranes-bill, bas a Root very long and great, with Small fibres adjoining thereto, of a reddjfb color with- out, and abiding all the Winter : from this Root
Cranes-bills, faving that the Bills are a litle shor- ter. ;
IX. The Places. Thefe are all Wild of stheit own Nature, andigrow \in Batren Places, and in Vallies, rather than in Mountainous Grounds. Some ‘fay, that the firft thas been found growing naturally in England, ‘but Parkinfon fays, he never could find ‘it :. but with us they ate for the moft part Nurs’d up
in Se
K. The Times. They all Flower in June and Fuly, and theit Seed ‘is tipe in a-fhort time atter- ‘wards
Xi, The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and — Virtues, being the fame with all the aforegoing
‘Cranes-bills, as alfo with thofe in the following ‘Cha whete we have declared them at large,
we fhall forbear to {peak any more in this place,
seferring ‘you thither.
~
CH AP AEE Of CRANES-BILL Field.
L HE Names. It is called sin Greek, TWegued &yei@- + In Latin, Geranium agrefie + and in Englifh, Field Cranes-bill.
Il. The Kinds. The Field Granes-bill is manifold, but thofe which we defign usder that Name, are,
ing forth Leaves ( upon long Footfialks ) fome-\1. Geranium agrefle, Geraniwm Violaceum, Field, nn large, but yet lefs than shell of the x or Violet 2 cae Cenc il 2. Geranium Cicate foot Cranes-bills, orberwrfe meee. From folio inodorum, Field Cranes-bill. wichont Smell ; among thefe Leaves rife up feveral Stalks, bearing} of this we have difcourfed in Chap. 160. Seth. 4. iful red Flowers, of a more excellent} 3. Geranium Columbinum, Doves-foot. 4. Gera ill, | xium Robertianum, Heb Robert ; of which ewo laft we fhall fpeak in fome of the Chapters llguine.
. Yhe
han of the T sol She ighen red sheechefe ofthe third find be
232 “Salmon’s Herbal, — Lib I
MIL. The Defeription. It bas a Root which is thick | Juice and Effence, but very much weaker, and may and woody, having fome few firings adjoining there- be given to thofe who cannot be induced to take 10, and is wholly red, both within and without, not Smelling fo firong as the Root of Herb Robert : from this Root rife up feveral flender hairy reddifh Stalks. about two or three feer bigh , at the Foints of whic &row Leaves, upon fhorter, yet reddifh Footftalks. The Stalks fread themfelves out alfo into other Small Branches, whereon are fet confufedly broad Leaves, made of three, four or five Leaves apiece, and thofe [seed or cut about the edges. Parkinfon Says, the Leaves are moft ufually divided into three parts, as large, or rather more than tbe other, and turning red likewife. The Flowers which conf of | their Lips.
talks} XIV. The Balfam. It is a Vulnerary, and and Branches, and are of a perfet Violet color,| cures fimple Wounds at the firft Intention ; it di-
good Wound drink, to all the purpofes
V. The Times. It Flowers in Fume and Fuly, and oo ripens in the mean Seafon, or not long
er.
VI. The Qualities. All the Cranes-bills feem to have one and the fame Qualities ; they are tempe- rate in. refpe&t of Heat or Cold, and Dry in the firft Degree. They are Abfterfive, Aftringent, Diu- retick, Traumatick or Vulnerary and Incarnative: pony cimicemcnsy oe rome and Anti-emmena-
CHAP. CLXIll.
gogick, Hemoptoick and Analeptick. ) ‘Contant TL The Specification They he Wounds {peedi-. Of. CRES $ “Garden. ly, conglutinate their Lips, ftop Fluxes of Blood, . 0 ae and cure Ruptures. fre deg ta I." HE Names. This Plant is called ia Greek,
VHI. The Preparations. You may have there- Kdgdupov, eimmo viks xzed¥ox, Cardamon guod cor from, 1.4 fi if Fuice. 2. An Elec 3. A| datos faciat; vel quod ‘or foveat, pac Syrup. 4. A Decoftion in Red Port Wine. 5. A\Cardiaca plurimum valet : And of this Herb, -
ouder of the Herb. 6.:A Balfam. 7. A Gata-| Greeks had this Proverb, votes xdeduuov, Ede Naftur- . plafm~ RS a, tium, propterea quod Nafturtio inefje Credebant ani- mi vigorem excitandi.- In Arabick, Narf, vel Naf alchaf : In Latin, Nafturtium, a narium tormento, as ae And in Engli/h, ls _
Il. The Kinds. They are manifold, as, 1. No flurtium Taeale Garden CrefS, of which in this
aft P
oie The Virtues. - a vanes
1X. The liquid Fuice. Itis {aid to be good againtt Fluxes of the Bowels, whether Diarrhxa, Dyfen-
teria, Lienteria, or Hepatick Flux, healing them,}Chapter. 2. urtium Indicum, Indian Crefs, of
them. However you make thereof an excesling Ofe-
and fo eafing the Griping Pains, ‘peas againft| which in Chap. 164. 3. Nafturtium Pratenfe, .
Meadow Crefs, of which in Chap. 165. and 166. 4. Nafturtium agrefte, Wild Crefs, of which in Chap. 167. §. Nafturtium Ichiadicum, vel Ifchiacum, Sciatica Crefs, of which in Chap. 168.. 6. Na (turtium Hibernum, Winter -Crefs, of which in Chap. 169. 7. Nafturtium Aquaticum, Water Crefs, of which in Chap. 170. following. |
Ill. Of the Garden. Kind,. Kepehov Huse, there are thefe following, viz. 1..Na/turtium Sativum vulgare, The common Garden CrefS. 2. Najtur- tium Hortenfe Latifolium, and Nafturtium Latifo- lium Hifpanicum, Broad Leav’d Garden 3. Nafturtium Hortenfe Crifpum Laelia, and Anguftifolium, Curled Crefs, with Broader and
Hyfterick. Fits, and is good againft Sand, Gravel, and Stone “in Reins and, Bladder. Dofe four oun- ces, or more, either alone, or in Wine, Morning and
Night. ° ee
x. The Effence. \t has all_the former Virtues, and more powerful to all the fame Intentions ; be- fides which, it isa famous thing to ftop the over- flowing of the Terms in Women, and to confoli- date Ruptures, whether in old or young. It is good againft Fits, and the extream Tortures of the Colick, as alfo to heal Wounds, whether inward or out- ward ; cures Spitting, Vomiting, or Pafling Blood, diffolves coagulated Blood, whether in the Sto- mach, Bowels, or Reins, and expels it, and is a fingular thing to be takenas a Wound drink, for them who have any Wounds, running Sores, old Ulcers, or Fiftula’s, to induce them to a fpeedy ‘healing. Dofe three ounces, Morning, Noon, and Night in a Glafs of Red Port Wine.
Xu. The Syrup. It has all the former Virtues ( being made either of the Juice or Effence ) but is fo much the weaker by the Sugar which is added to it: however it is more fit for Children, and fqueamifh Stomachs, and may be given to them againft Ruptures. c
XII. The Decotfion. It has the Virtues of the
minimum, Sium Nafturtij Silvefiris folio, Noh me tangere, The impatient Crefs, being called a Cre nse from the form of its Leaf, than any thing elfe. + Wie IV. The Defcriptions.. The firft bas a Jong Root with” ome Fibres adjoined to.it, which perifhes every Year after the ripening of the Seed, or upon the approach. of Winter ; from this Root the Stalks grow up balf a yard, or two feet high, having many fmall, tender, whitifh, broad, indented, or.torn Leaves fet thereon, growing together upon a middle rib next the ground
Narrower Leaves. 4. Nafturtium impatiens, Sium
ia 4
PS ae
233
V. The fecond, or Broad Leav’d Garden Crefi, bas a Root which is fmall and long, perifhong every year, and therefore muft be conflantly Sown in thé Spring ; and for this reafon alfa, becaufe after it
Chap. 163. Englib Herbs.
but thofe which grow higher upon the Stalks are Smaller and longer : The Leaves in general are fo “ike to thofe of Garden Chetvil, or Sweet Cicely, that it muft be a very obfervant Eye which can di- finguifh them, and whilft young are fcarcely to be | is Sown, it {prings up quickly, and will not endure differenced but by the tafte. The tops of the Stalks | the cold of Winter. Its firft Leaves are {mall like are replenifbed with white Flowers, which turn into | Bafil, among which rifes up a Stalk about half a flat Pods or Pouches, not much unlike to Shepherds | yard high, fet with larger Leaves thereon, without
©; in which is contained flat reddifh Seed ;| any divifion, but fmally dented about the edges, and the Smell of both Leaves and Seed is ftrong and| pointed at the ends, every one ftanding upon a long JSpicey ; and their Tafte is hot, fharp, and biting,| Footftalk, branched from the middle to the Top with almoft like Pepper, for which reafon fome call it,| leffer and narrower Leaves, like to the Top Leaves _ Pepper-wort. of Garden CrefS : From whence break forth many white Flowers fet in [pikes, one above another, after
xy, SE ai which come Pouches or Purfes containing brownifh ef Ri Se Seed like to the other Creffes, but much more bitter, AN vy eee IN aT not all out fo fiery or et 4 YF \ iS SOs I. The nen be Curled Cref8, bas @ Root like Nn PNP INS to the former, which goes pretty deep into the Earth, Ava! , \ ESe and perifbes every year after Seed time, as the other
does. It grows like the firft, or common Garden © Crefs, and differs therefrom only in the Leaves, which are of two forts : the one with broad Leaves, cut, and roundly dented, and curled about the edges, ° every one by it felf, on along Stalk. The other, con Sifting of many fmaller Leaves, fet one againff ano- ther upon a middle rib, each part of which is in thé ‘ame manner cut in, and curled as are the other The FWowers are white, like the common Garden Kind , and the reddifh Seed alfo like the fame in Form and Magnitude.
of this Impatient hi that if you but touch the ; is ripe, though you do it never fo gently, yet will the Seed fly all away with {a great Violence, not fuffering it felf to be touch- from whence came the name, Noli me tangere, and Nafturtium Impatiens , as for the like quality. the Perficaria Siliquofa is named. The nature o | this Plant is fomewhat gain Some . the Seed is fully ripe, though you put your hand but near the Cods, ie Ber sicth to touch them, though you touch them not, yet will the faid Cods be apt to and the Seed to fly out upon you, when you ma no fuch thing. Profper Alpinus is the only Man who formerly wrote hereof, ftom whom our Parkinfon and Fobnfon have taken tlieir Dif courfe
és.
IX. The Places. ‘Thefe Plants are all of them nurs up with usin Gardens. The firft matters not what Soil it grows in, for it likes any ground,
efpecially if it is well wep The fecond en
-Cephalick, Stomatick, Pe€tora
234 ~~ Salmons Herbal.
hrlt out of Spain, but grows well with us in Eng- land, as does alfo the third. The fourth Fobn/on found ahout Bath, and other Parts of our Land, which, fays he, is now kept in divers of our London Gardens, in fome of which I have feen it grow.
X. The Times. They may be Sown at any time of the Year, unlefS it be in Winter, They quickly {pring up, after fown, flower in April a May. and the Seed is ripe in Fuze, or not long after their flowering time; after which they die every Year, and recover themfelyes, 7.¢. {pring up again of the fhaken or fallen Seed.
XI. The Qualities. All Creffes (except the No/i- me tangere ) are hot and dry in the fourth but more soem the They attenuate, in- cide, attra€t, digeft, difcufs; are Carminative, Diure- tick, and in fome meafure aclgpaee They are
, Nephritick, Hylte. rick and Arthritick : Prarmick, Emmenagogick, Li-
XII. The Specification. . They are peculiar againft Poifon, the Bitings of Venomous and to purge the Head and Brain of cold and moift Hu- mors. as §
XI. The Preparations. You may have thereftom,
-thontriptick and Alexipharmick.
1. The green Herb, 2. A lige Fuice. 3. An E/- fence. 4. ASpirituous Tintlure. 5. An Acid Tin-
dure. 6. An Oily Tinture. 7. A Saline TinGure.
8. 4 Spirit. 9. A Cataplafm. 10, The Seed.
The Virtues.
XIV. The Herb. Eaten as a Sallet with other Sallet Herbs, as Lettice, &c. it warms, comforts and pleafes the Stomach : bruifed and applied, it takes away Spots and Marks, eafes the Pains of the Loins and Sciatica, and draws forth broken Bones, Thorns and Splinters ; and puts a {top to the Cor- roding of putrid and creeping Ulcers: held or chewed in the Mouth, it cures the Tooth-ach.
XV. The Liquid Fuice. Ufed as an Errhine, it purges the Head and Brain of cold and vifcous Hu- mors, thereby eafing all kinds of Head-aches pro- ceedi shecticat, and for the fame Reafon prevails a ninft Palfies, Lethargies, Apoplexies, Epilepfies,
ertigo’s, Carus, Convulfions, and all other like Di- feafes afflifting thofé Parts. Given from half an ounce to two ounces, in a GlafS of Generous Wine, it powerfully cuts grof$ and vifcous Flegm, opens Obftruétions, provokes the Terms in Women, and
_ Urine obftruéted, cleanfing the Reins, Ureters and
Bladder from Sand, Gravel, Stones, or any Tarta- rous Matter lodged in them. It powerfully pro- vokes Venery, but is faid to kill the Child in the Womb.
omb.
XVI. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues exalted, befides which, it cuts and expeftorates tough Flegm, out of the Breft and Lungs, and as Authors fay, loofens the Belly, and cleanfes it from vifcous Humors, opens Obftru€tions of both Liver
and Spleen, heals all inward Wounds, and refifts}
Poifon, whether inwardly taken, or outwardly recei- ved from the biting or ftinging of any venomous Creature. Dofe from one ounce to two ounces in any proper Vehicle, Morning fafting, and at Night going to Bed. ;
XVII. The Spirituous Tintlure. It is Cordial, provokes Urine, and expels Wind, and. prevails a-
inft the Obftru€tion of the Courfes in Women,
ing given Morning, Noon and Night, in fome proper Vehicle, fora Week before the expetted time of their coming. Dofe from half a Spoonful to a Spoonful. Ir expels Wind, and prevails againft the Cholick, and Griping of the Guts to Admirati-
cn
Lib. L
XVI. The Acid Tindure. It wonderfully ftreng- thens the Stomach, and is an admirable thing, as well to preferve from the Contagion and Infeétion of the Plague or Peftilence, as to cure the fame, for which it is an approved thing. It cures the Scury in a cold Conftitution or Habit of Body, being af: fiduoufly ufed, and fo removes all the Symptoms of
, | that troublefome Difeafe. Dofe from 30to 40, 60,
or more Drops in Ale, Wine or other Vehicle, ac- cording to the quantity the Patient drinks at a time, XIX. The Oily Tintture. \t cures the Palfie, be- ing anointed well Morning and Evening upon the Back-bone, and Parts affe€&ted. But that Part of the
Degree, | Spina Dorfi is to be chiefly bathed therewith, from
whence the Nerves. p; >. which replenifh the Parts afflicted with that Difeafe. It is affo good a- gainft Crarhps, Convulfions and Gouts arifing from a cold Caufe; and gives eafe in the moft intollera- ble Pains of the Back, as alfo of the Reins, being Caen os Seles: pet uss given m 15 to 30 Drops, Morni vening in Nephritick or Coists Vehicle. —
X. The Saline Tinfure. It powestal. eters -
Obftru€tions of the Womb, i , romotes ~ ret cy ee orbifick Humors rine ; and provoking Urine, it expels $ Ciavel Stones, mi Tartarous Matter out of ate MafS of Blood, and cleanfes all the Urinary Parts ae the fame. Dofe from 40 to 60 drops in
ine.
XXI. The Spirit. How it is to be made, we —
have fhewn at large in the Second Edition of our Pharmacopei Bateana, lib. 1. _ 2. fe#.67. This Spirit thus prepared, is very fubtil and volatile, an aiming ble Antifcorbutick, and powerful againtt all Difeafes arifing ftom vifcous Flegm, and other Tar- tarous Humors : it thins and ratifies the Bl
vokes Urine and the T and cleanfes the Womb, And as it is famous againft the Scurvy, fo it is ex- cellent againft the Dropfie, Jaundice, Stone and Gout: it is a good Nephritick, and cures moft Di- feafes of the Keins, expels Sand, Gravel and Slime, and prevails againft the Colick, and Virulent Difea- fes of the Bowels. It is faid to be good alfo againft the Green-ficknefs in Virgins, becaufe it prone opens Obftruétions, and purifies the the Ringe which Reafon it is fiagularly good againft the Ki Evil : it warms the Inftraments of Generation, i vokes Luft, and is good againft Impotency. Th Dofe of this Spirit is from 20 drops to a in fome proper Vehicle. The diftilled Water of Crefes, which is made after the Diftillation of the Spirit, by a ftronger Heat in B. M. will be much ftronger and better than that which is made the vulgar way, it being impregnated with much of the ential Salt, loofened by Fermentation, which yet remains behind, and does impregnate the Water. This Wa- ter may be given from one ounce to fix, its Virtues
being the fame with the Spirit, but much weaker »
in its Operation.
XXII. The Cataplafm. It is good againft the Gout and Sciatica, as alfo itching Humors and E ruptions in the Skin. It draws forth Thorns, Splin- ters and other things gotten into the Flefh. If it is made with Vinegar, and applied, it is faid to be good againft the Kings-Evil, whether in the Throat or any other Part: If made with Hogs Lard, it cures fore, running and feabby Heads, ripens Plague and breaks them; is good againft Whitloes Fellons on the Fingers ends, and takes away the De- formity of the Nails.
XXIII. The Seed, If it is chewed in the Mouth, —
and held for fome time, it eafes the Tooth
cand fo alfo does the Herb: ) it alfo helps Fe Pal-
¢ of the Tongue, provokes Sneezing, and is good
4 2 +
againft Sleepinefs, DroufinefS, and fuch as are trou- bled with the Lethargy.
mooth, green, and as round as the Pennywort which grows on the Ground, without any Cut or Incifure in any part, the foot Stalks of which fiand in ihe middle of each Leaf, and grow forth at every Foint of the Stalk, where they are a little reddifb, and knobbed or bunched out: the Flowers are of an ex» cellent Gold-yellow color, and grow all along the Stalks, almojt at every Foint, with the Leaves, up- on pretty long foot Stalks, which are ceneled of five ‘| Leaves apiece, not hollow or gaping, but ftandin, open, each Leaf apart by it Jeff ; two of them, which are larger and longer than the other, ftand above, and the other two, which are leer, ftand below, which are a little jagged or bearded on both fides ; and the fifth loweft. In the midft of each of the three lower Leaves, ( yet fometimes it is but in two of them) there is.a little long Spot or Streak, of an ad- mirable Crimfon color, (whence the Name Flos San- ass ) and the Flower bas a long Heel or Spur ebind it, hanging down, ( from which andthe Color, came the Name of Yellow Larks-heels: ). the whole Flower has a great Beauty, and Sweetnefs withal, ve- pleafing, which bein placed in the middle 9. [ome Carnations or Clove-gilliflowers, (which are both in flower at the fame time) make a noble Nofegay, both for Sight and Smell. When the Howers are paft, come the Seed, which are rough or uneven, round, greenifh, yellow Heads, fometimes but one, and fome- times two or three ftanding together upon one Stalk, bare or naked of themfelves, without any Husk, coms taining a white pulpy Kernel.
C HA P,’ CLXIV. of CRESS Indian,
1. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Xdedupov
wédmiv > in Latin, Nafturtium Indicum, Hos Sanguineus Monardis , and in Englifh, Indian Crefs, or Yellow Larks-heels, from. the Form of the Flower.
{f. The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant of the kind, and by its Tafte declares it felf to be one of the kinds of Creffes. Some do account it among the Clematides or Convolvuli, the Clamberers or Bind- weeds, but any of thefe it cannot be, becaufé it has no Clafpers, nor does it wind it If about any thing, but by reafon of the number of its Branches which tun one within another, it may feem to climb up a Pole, ot the like, which yet it does but only clofe, as having fomething whereon to reft.or lean its Branches. But Parkinfon, from Lobel, makes two kinds, viz. the Round Leaved, (which is the Com- mon ) and the Cornered Leaved.
VE} WAS 4 <P) B52
4p ))
YD AY Ne hs
&\ 4 &\9 ~% > ur] of
2.
\ | 4),
i IL The Defeription. This fair and noble Piant has Roots which are fmail, and fpreading under
_ Ground, which perifh with the firft krofts, and muft be fown afrefh every Year: from this Root arife ma- i Bria trailing Branches, interlaced one within ano- sher-very ¢
IV. The fecond, or Cornered Leaved kind, in its Root, Stalks, Branches and Flowers differs little or nothing from the former : the chief Difference is in the Leaves, for as in the former they are round, and are fafined upon a long foot Stalk underneath, neur/y in tbe Center or Middle of each Leaf, and bunched out ; in this, they are broad, and feven, eight or nine cornered y of the fame Smeothne{s and Color,
inted at their tops, and poy upon a
“ia 7 tyes «ag te The Leaves are ¢foot Stalk, which is joined 10 the Leaf at the lower Blogs" : Hh 2 part
‘ufedly, ( yet it does not wind it Self
with any Cla i aioe either Pole, or any jt
Prop, but if you would bave it lye clofe thereto, you
it, orelfe it will lye upon spe Gheued) Jour le 53 I pon which Reafon
ba great deal of Grown
> ~ | y - > : :
of sper de 4 = iM ee. 7 ve eek - » ty a
ee
ly me
eter it isripe
/ damine : and in Englifh, Meadow Crefs, or Cuckow-
226 Salmon’s Herbal. Lb.
part thereof. The Flowers are Lark-fpurred, like | flower. 3. Cardamine altera parvo fire, The Small the other, and in the whole, differs nothing from it | flowred Cuckew-flower. t
in its Manner and Form of growing. Parkinfon /eems C £ ; Great egluc on f roel
to fay it was taken from the Life, which tho’ it bas not been feen bere with us in England fince, yet that binders not (fays he) the Verity of the thing. When I was in the Welt Indies, in my Travels up and down, J fen it feveral times.
V. The Places. This goodly and beautiful Plant was firlt found in the Weft Indies, and brought thence into Spaia by Monardus , from whence it was atterwards conveyed into France, Flanders and Eng- land. It grows now familiarly in moft of our Gardens, where it flourifhes, and is become as it were a natural Inhabitant. It need not be planted or fown in Beds of Horfe-dung, or the like, for the natural Ground will be futhcient, fo that it is but a lictle defended from thofe Frofts in the Spring of the Year, which are apt to nip it whilft but tender, or newly {prung up.
V1. The ‘Times. It may be fown in March or April, the which, when it is {prung up, and ha- ving ates three Leaves, muft be taken up, and
y replanted abroad, in the hotteft re of the Garden, and in the fineft and fatteft Mould. It Howers fometimes in Fume, but ufually in Fuly, if it is well detended, and in good Ground ; and fo continues flowering till the cold Frofts and Wea- ther in the latter end of Ofober, does check it, and > puta {top to its Luxuriant Nature; the Seed grow- ee. Ing gage ripe in the mean Seafon, which af- oon falls down on the Ground, whence
for the moft part the beft is gathered.
VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are exa€tly the fame witht thofe of Gar- den ae in the former Chapter, to which F refer you; fo that no more need be fpoken of then here, except that the fame Preparations: of this Plant, as they are ftronger, fo they are more Efficacious,
Ill. The Defcriptions. The fir/t has a Root com- pofed of many white Heads or Fibres, from which Shoot forth feveral long Stalks of winged Leaves, that %, many together, fomewhat broad and round, tender, and dark green Leaves fet one againft ano- ther upon a middle Rib, the greateft being at the ends ; among thefe winged Leaves rife up divers tender, weak, round, green Stalks, fomewhat fira- hed , on which grow much fmaller and longer Leaves, very like the fmalleft divided Leaves of Garden Crefs,
four Leaves apiece, Jomewhat large, and almoft Mi, illiflowers, but rounder, and not full out
CHAP. CLXV.
Of CRESS Meadm, OOK, CUCKOW--FLOWER Single. Blujh, and many times but at the edges only, each of 2 them growing in a green Husk, which being wht away, fmall Pouches grow forth, containing reddifh J. HE Names. It is calléd in Greek, Kaeser | Seed, Something harp and biting in Tafte,. as is Bassey: in Latin, Flos Cuculi, Nafturtium Pratenfe, Sifymbrium alterum Diofcoridis, and Car- | Crefles. f ae IV. The Small Cuckow-flower with great Flow- ers, is im its Roots, Leaves, Stalks, Flowers, Form
flower: in fome Countries it is called, as Gerard Leaves and Manner of Growing, like tothe former but now
fays, Ladies Smocks.
Il. The Kinds, They are either Single or Dou- ble : the Single we fhall treat of in this Chapter, the Double in the next following. - Of the Single, fo many as grow with us in Eng/and, there are three
-Varieties, viz. 1. Nafturtium pratenfe majus Tragi 7 Gefneri, Cardamine latifolia, Nafturtinm aarefie Fuch/i1, & Sylveftre Loniceri, Lepidium minus Cor- di, tlos Cuculi Dodonei & Brunfelfii, The Great or Broad-leaved CrefS, or Cuckow-flower. 2. Carda- mine altera minor, Sifymbrium Cardamine Lacune € Lugdunenfis, Sifymbrium aquaticum alterum Mat- thioli 2 Tabernmontani, Hiberis Fuchfii, Iberis Tha- hii, Cardamine altera Lobelii & Clufti, Agriocarda- mum, five Cardamantica Nafturtii foliis, Nafturti- um pratenfe magno flore Baubini, Nafturtium aqua- ticum fimplici flore Befleri, The Small Cuckow-
not bufhing out withfo many Leaves or §
of that aforegoing. : hee V. The Small Cuckow-flower with the fall — Flower, is almoft in all Refpetts like to the Small
of this are fmaller and longer, and yet round rl times alfo, growing in the Pa manner as the former does : the Hlowers are alfo like them, but aller, t and the Pods of Seed are fomewhbat longer, = VI. The Places. They are all found in feveral = of England, inmoift Meadows, and near unto rook fides, and {mall Rills of Water, paffing thro” low Gro’ - They have been Ditch at Clare in Effex.
>
|
the Herb alfo it felf, coming near tothe Tafteof
defcribed, excepting that it is fmaller in every part, is z talks pa % = i that the Pods of Seed are fomething longer than thofe | ri
Cuckow-flower beforegoing Save, that the Leaves
s
2)
i a
oor
eT ce
ee Ln
T= =
Tek ap ergeree ge Sp ae
VIL. The Times. They tlower fomewhat earl in the Spring about Apri/‘and Ma at fartheft, and continue with the lower Leaves all the Winter.
Qu A
wy Be WF (3 4
Wks AWS
Pv A (OS AW.) 6S = Wee SY e's
FS \A €o YY US Nic SH Vs ORY A PAGS
X \y
VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations end Virtues are the fame with Garden Croft in Chap, 163. aforegoing, to which you are referred.
CHAP. CLXVL
Of CRESS Meadow,
7 OR, S38 CUCKOW-FLOWER, Doble.
2 HE Names. This is called in Latin, Car-
damine flore pleno, ( that it was known to the Greeks, I cannot learn) and in Englifh, Double Meadow Crefs, and Double Cuckow-flower.
II. The Kinds. Taken as Garden Flowers, there are two of them, viz. 1. Cardamine flore pleno, be- ing the double kind of that Plant, which growing Wild abroad, is called, Cardamine altera, and Si- Symbrium alterum Diofcoridis, alfo Elos Cuculi; but this Name is more ufually given to the Wild fea- thered Campions, both fingle and double: in Exglifh we call it Double-flowred Cuckow-flower, or Ladies Smocks. 2. Cardamine trifolia, Trefoil Meadow Ore/s, or Cuckow-flower ; this is not truly a double- flowred Plant, but rather a Plant very full of Flow- ers, which at firft fight makes it look as if it was double-flowred. Thefé two being the faireft of all the Meadow Creffes or Cuckow-flowers, and for their Beauty being brought into Gardens, we thought beft to place them both in one Chapter.
The Defcriptions. The firft double-fowred bas @ Root which creeps under Ground, fending forth
_ many {mall white Fibres or Strings, and fhoots up in
y [divers places : Srom this Root Spring forth Feared
Stalk, confifting of many fall whityh round Leaves, @ little dafbt over with a blew Blufh, fet round toge-
V. The Places.” The firft generally us in gs but is alfo found Wild in divers parts
Aes I ower-u in the of April or_May ; but the latter of efit ence flowers before the former.
VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, Virtues and Ufes, are the fame with thofe of Garden Crefs in Chap. 163. or me thofe of Water Geffes,
ara CHAP. CLXVIL. Of CRESS Wild.
ph te! E Names. It is called in Gree » Keledepor midwov % dyen : in Latin, Nafturtium agrefte, Noafturtium Sylveftre : in Enghfh, Wild Crefs. I. The Kinds. There are three which go under the Name of Wild Crefs, viz. 1. om Sylve- ftre Ofyridis foliis, Narrow-leav’d Wh
Wild Crefs. or Rock Crefs. Ill. The Defcriptions. The Sirft of thefe bas a woody Root, whic Rts after Seed time, from whence fpring fort many fmall, round and hard Stalks, with feveral final, round and narrow Leaves growing thereon without Order, branched from the- middle upwards into many parts, at the tops of which come forth a great number of {mall white Flowers, (but fome have been found with yellow Hlowers, tho? not often) one ftanding above another, § pike fafbion,
after which appear Husks, containing fmail Seed. IV. The fecond, or Carolinian Wild CrefS, has 2 long and flender Root, with many Fibres roceeding from it, which alfo perifhes every Year ; Kin which Root grows up a round, green and hairy Stalk, about a foot high or more, aud if it grows in rich or Fertil Ground, fometimes about a foot and balf high ; fome- times but one Stalk grows up, and Sometimes more ; which Stalk or Stalks {pread imo Branches from the very Ground, at every Foint whereof fiand long winged Leaves, very much divided, hike unto the Common
23¢ : Salmon’s Herbal. — Lib. I.
CHAP. CLXVIIL Of CRESS Sciatica.
. Common Garden Crefs, bur yer more finely cut or|
. _ divided, and fharp in Tafte, like Crefles. The Elow- ers are many, and of a pale whitifh yellow color, flanding in long Spikes at the tops 5 which being
pafsd away, small, fhort Pouches appear, drvided
ito two per which fiand not upright, but hang
downwards, in which is contained {mall reddish Seed,
hike unto Crefs Seed.
efalpini, m forte Columelle, Lee
V. The third, or Rock CrefS, bas a fmall and thready perifhing Root, from whence rife up feveral Leaves upon long Foot-ftalks, which Leaves are jag- ged and cut about the edges, much like to Oak Leaves, or rather the Leaves of Shepherds-purfe : from a- midit thefe Leaves rife up feveral Stalks, with fmall|
tops
pes (it and of a white color, like t Garden Crefs. fe : , which are flat, uftard. The firft_ grows Wild in the! Fields, by High-ways, and pry and among Rubbifh, and in many other places. The fecond gtows plentifully in many places, Wild in the Fields
which have been formerly lye as Fallow or Wafte: I found a great quantity o it in Capt. Abbot’s Plantation up Wando
brought to us in Exg/and) for which Reafon it is called alfo Na/turtium Sylveftre Valentianum. The third has been found growing in Sbropfbire, in the Fields about Birch, in the Parifh of Elefmere, and in the Grounds formerly belonging to one Richard Herbert, and that in great plenty : alfo on the far- ther fide of Black-beath, by the Highway fide, lead- ing from Greenwich to Lufam.
VIL. The Times. Thele flower later than fome of the former Grefées, viz. in Fume and Fuly, and the Seed ripens not long after.
VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, axe the fame with Garden Creffes in Ee. 163. aforegoing, and to them you are re-
erred. |
anured, and afterwards,
iver, NOt’ above four or five Miles from Charles Town in Caro-| lina. \n grows alfo very plentifully in the King-' dom of Valentia in Spain, (ftom whence it was
Smaller: the Flowers are fmall and white, growing
| ler brownifh Seed therein than in
on winch grow Leaves, which are leffer,
Il. The Deferiptions. The fir/t har a Root ais v6 long, white and woody, from which rifes up a ron Stalk about two feet high, which fpreads it felf into divers Brauches, whofe lower Leaves are fomewhi e larger than the upper, yet all of them cutortorm@® = — the edges, fomewbat like unto Garden Crefles, wt at the tops of the Branches, which being pafs'd.amay, Husks grow forth, like to thofe of with fmal- tart ‘, 7 the other, which is very foarp and biting in Tafte, more than thofe of Crefles are. IV. The fecond, or Sciatica Grefs with broader — has t Ayes the yas. seni a afte as it, from which {pring aves ‘ lode and beoad, not rent or aus call, but whole, only a little dented about the edges towards them, very like to thofe-of the Thlatpi Creticum, ‘Fraie —
among thefe Leaves rifes up a Stalk thick and ‘ 7 rong, much about the rahe of Hyp which emer Spreads it Jelf out imo feveral B wae
é
Taare ary
== Fe re &- se
“Englih Herbs. 239
Chap. 169. and fiand on the| 1. The Kinds. They are threefold, 1. Barbare4
narrower, as they grow in beight, Stalks without any great Order. The Elowers grow implex, Barbarea five Erucalutea latifolia, Naftur- at the tops of the Branches in Si ar Heads, which | tium pr oe Gefneri, Eruca Paluftris Lugdunenfis, with their Seed, are very like the former, the Seed|(it is called alfo by all the Names in the former of this tafting as bot, fharp and biting, as the Seed of | Section; ) Common Winter CrefS. 2. Barbarea the other. : flore A ta frve Eruca lutea Baubini, Double-flow- V. The Places. They grow by the Way fides in] red Winter Crefs. 3. Barbarea minor, Herba fan- fough and untill’d — and by the fides of old | & Alberti Cefalpini, Small Winter CrefS, or Win- Walls, and fuch-like : they have been found in| ter Rocket. Corn-fields about Southfleet, near to Grave/fend in Kezt. 2 VI. The Times. ‘They flower according as they dre early or late fown in the Fields; but for the moft part in Fume and Fwly, and their Seed is ripe} not long after.
VIE. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, Virtues and Ufes, are in the main the fame with thofe of Garden Crefs in ier 163. afdregoing. But more efpecially thefe are faid to be Specificks in curing the Sciatica and Goat in any Part.
| Ww = mA
QVAD Ue:
Sinapi, Thlapfi and Thapfia are applied. Pliny re- cites the fame method and manner of Application, and fays farther, that if any part of the Grief re- mains, that the fame Medicine after twenty days is to be applied again. And applied to the Skin, it takes away the Blemifhes thereof, as Freckles, Len- tils, Scars, Scabs, Scurf, Leprofie, &c, it is true, that it exulcerates or bliftersthe Part, but that is to be healed with a Balfam made of Oil and Wax, with the Addition of a little Strasburgh Turpentine. . After the Application of the Cataplafm in the Scia-| _Ull. The Defcriptions. The fir? bas a Root fome- tica, ‘the Part, fays Gerard, is to be bathed with| thing fibrous, which always perifbes after the per- warm Water ; or, as Parkinfon fays, with warm|fetfing of its Seed, from which fpring up Several Wine and Oil mixed together , and then wrapped | Leaves indifferent large, and of a fad green color; up with Wool or Skins, ora Lamb-skin may be ap-| yimg upon the Ground, and torn or gap’t into feve- plied whilft it is yet hot, and but newly taken off| 7a/ parts, fometbing like unto Rocket or Turnep trom the Creature. Diofcorides and Pliny fay, that | Leaves, ( but nothing like to Crefles) which Leaves if the Root is hung about the Neck, or tyed to the | beve fmaller pieces next the bottom, ard broad at the
0 abide all the Winter, (if it fprings up
Arm, it will give eafe in the Tooth-ach, énds, which in Autumn, when it is ufed to be eaten either green
or ftewed : ) from among thefe Leaves rife up divers hy round ithe which Vi nead vieaftioes intd many Branches, bearing in a fpiked manner many mall yellow Flowers, each having four Leaves aptece $ which. being fe t, fmall long Pods come forth, coné taining a reddifh Seed within them. : ,
IV. The fecond, or double-flowred, has a Root like the former, which perifbes not inWinter, but abides many Years: the Stalks are bigger than the former, and crefted withal. The Leaves are fhorter, and are about an inch in length, cut in on the edges in the fame manner as the others are. ‘The Flowers are
CHAP. CLXIX. Of CR ESS Winter.
L/P HE, Names. It is thought to be that Plant which the Greeks (as Diefcorides ) call Yev- fbivias, ( tho’ it is YevdPévecy in the Text, which I jucge is by a miftake in tranfcribing, Bérvsor Bunium| yellow, like the former Jingle, but fomething larger 3 i: ing Earth-nuts, and Biviag Bunias, the Navew or| and double withal, which makes the greateft part of Wild Turnep, to which latter, this our Winter Gefs| the difference. et is fomething a kin: ) in Latim it is called Nafturti-| V. The third, or Small Winter Crefs, bas ¢ Root um Hybernum, Pfeudobunias Dodonei, rr Sago like the firft, and perifbing as it; from twhich {pring Barbaricum, Barbarea, Santte Barbara Herba, Scopa| forth blackifh green Leaves, fomewhat jagged or Regia Anguilare, Sideritis Latiffima Fuchfii, finapi| torn in on the fides, refembling Moth-mullein : the uinti generis ‘Tragi ; and in Englifh, Winter | Stalks and Leaves both are le/s than the uf, nor Rrefs. does it grow fo high: The Flowers are yellow alfo
240 Salmon’s Herbal. — ‘Lb. iF
a the-others, but fingle and lefer, and fo alfo are
the Cods which follow the Flowers, and yield mich | the fame kind of Seed, but leffer in proportion to the CHAP. CLXX, f Magnitude of the Cods. , |
MI. The Places. The firft grows oftentimes of Of C R E S S Water.
conte ae in ese . alfo “. Fields by Paths \Ways fides in feveral places of England; as in}, > ‘ the next Fields beyond that called Lambs-Conduit,|L"Y°HE Names. It iscalled in Greek, néptsun ( ftom whence comes Lambs-Conduit Water a little . dvdew: in Latin, Nafturtium Aquaticum ; below Snow-bill:) the other two are only nurs’d | and in Englifb, Water-Creffes. up in Gane ‘ i. te Kinds. Wahi are four feveral forts of VIL. The Times. They all fower in May, and|this Plant, oz. 1. Nafturtium aquaticum vulgare, the fingle ones feed in Fane, and then maith 3, but} Which is generally taken to be the Si/ymbrium alte. the double kind abides green both Winter and Sum-|7%m Diofcoridis, and by Cefalpinus and Tabernmon- mer. The Italians and Spaniards are {carcely ac-| 27s, it is called Si/ymbrium aquaticum : by Cordus, Guainted with any of thele Wiater-Crefes, or rather apes pai acy ornithine eee 3, by Le inter-Rockets, t ing more peculiar to thefe | /* ane s.mgaunensis, ol/ymbrium Cardamine; The our colder Cle being Common or Vulgar Warer-Crel The fecond is VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, care Nafturtivm aquaticum rotundifolium majus, Sifymbrium apencen Matthioli, Sifymbrii alterius Cre/s in Chap. 163. aforegoing, to which you are re- | Species fecunda Thalii, Nafturtium aquaticum alte. ferred : But befides all that is there faid, we have |7#”% © ae amarum Baubini ; The Greater fe round-leav'd 1 hecagn &, Nafturtium Aquati- ' . Obfervation 1. The Green Herb. It is ufed|:#m rotundifolium minus, Sifymbrium cum as Rocket or Cre/s to be eaten as 1 Sell in Winter, | minus Masthioli ; The Leffer tound-leav'd Water- and that with great and fatisfaGtion, when | Ctels.. 4. Nofiurtium Aguaticum erettum folio lon- other Salleting is difficult to be gotten. giore Bauhini, Sium vulgare Matthioli, Sinm Mat- __X. Objerv. 2. The Liquid Fuice. Uf it is drunk] #204, & Sium Italorum Lobelii, © Lugdunenfis, inwardly, it is found ood Experience to be a| Metthiolys his Water-Crefs, or the Italian Water-
lity. Itis alfo profitable to prea Urine, hel and the Stone. Dofe
vy; Dropfie and Gout, in cold Conftitutions : it NY WAS y
may be taken Morning, Noon and Night, from 1. wH So yiz
to 3. ounces, in fome proper Vehicle, the Ufe of : Ni | AYN ¥ 3 Ny i 9 which is to be continued a Month, two or three, Ns 7 )\ AN wy Y/ YAW according as the occafion or force of the Difeafe A NN WL, Sa requires. It is truly a good thing againft the Bloo- YI AGL & i. a dy-flux, and all other Fluxes of the Bowels what- A$ GIN foever. Wa TANVSSN ;
XIL. Obfero. 4. The Seed. It provokes Urine, is ood need Dropfies and Romie: warms and com- orts a cold and moift Stomach, and caufés a good
et and Digeftion. And if it is made into a Lohoch with Honey, it is good againft Afthma’s, pris — hinge — of Breath and difficulty of Breathing, by cutting the tough, thick, vifcous Flegm or Matter, and caufing an eafy Expe- oration. Dofe as much as a large Nutmeg three or four times a day. nam
XI. Obferv. 5. The Spirit. It comforts and ZY
warms a cold and weak Stomach, chears the Heart, <i) F 4
exhilerates the Spirits, abforbs Acidities, cafes Pains and Gripings of the Bowels, expels Wind, prevails} II. The Deftriptions. The firft bas a lomg Root, againft the Colick, diffipates inward Apoftems, dif-| ewhich # filed with nothing but Krobs or Bune f folves coagulated Blood, and P ohagce. or helps its] abite Fibres or Threads, from whence fpring orto — Stagnation, and thereby reftefhes wearied Nature, | many weak, hollow, fappy Stalks or Branches, trail- and Strengthens the whole Body. Dofe 20,30, or|ing upon the Water and gravelly Earth ps Be ae 40 drops in a GlafS of Wine or Ale. But this is to| grows, taking hold in OR ae as it erie RY
N .
Z
GZ A Nee \\ i AN , a ; Yea
SS}
be obferved, That it is only to be given to fuch as | which means it Sprea it felf very much, ms be - are of a cold Conftitution, or Habit of Body ; for | forth Fibres at the Foints. ‘As the Stalks gromup-
fuch as are hot, it puts all into a Flame, a wards, they are filled with long winged Leaves, a-
fore firch are to avoid it. ving many fmall Leaves fet upon a middle Rib, ome —
againft another, excepting the point Leaf, which inde by it Self, as does that of the Afh-tree. 40
ad of
e
Chap. 170. LExglifh Herbs.
=
upper Face of the whole Plant is of a brown green color, and the Leaves are green underneath, which, Says Gerard, # the perfett mark to know the Phy/t- cal kind from the others. The Flowers are many and white, ftanding on long Foot-flalks at the tops g the Branches : which being pafs'd away, are fucceeded by a like number of gd long Pods, like Horns, which contain within them fmall yellow Seed. The whole Plant abides green in the Winter, and taftes sharp and biting, fomewhat like to other Creffes.
Water (refses, rounole ie Great.
iy
4
\
A
=
S =) AY )
SS 4 7 AN
In 7 DN oe a}
d, Mesa round-ieaw'd, has @ Root
| bere and there they bave a fingle winged
former, fhooting forth many kibres at ‘EES Sante Tce ;
me + I the Foints ; from whence rife one or more Stalks which are bollow, weak and fappy, with a great number o long winged Leaves,which are made up of feveral broad, appy, and dinoht round Leaves, 5 a redlifh brown green color on the top, and green underneath : when it runs up into Stalk, the higher Leaves are longer and more pointed, yet round pointed withal. The lowers grow at the tops of the Branches, like the former, nor does the Pods and Seed differ much therefrom. Parkinfon ‘ays, that it is fo extreamly bitter, that it cannot be eaten till it is boiled in Water, and fhifted again: I have feen it grow feveral times, and Pave gathered it, but never could find that bitter Tafte in it, but only a very Sharp biting Tafte, like other Creffes ; Matthiols Jays, Nafturtio fimile quiddam guftu rafert. als The third, nse aang 0 has a white vous Root, from whence [pring forth a great num- ber of long a eee4 very like to the laft, in their Subftance and Form, being fat, broad and roundifh like them, but very much lefs: from amidft thefe Leaves pring forth feveral long Stalks, when run up to Seed, which are almoft naked, a that af, cut into five long flender parts, almoft to the middle Rib. The Stalks at their tops, abound with a great number of little Branches, filled with fmall fine whi- tifh Flowers, which in the very tops of all, appear exceeding {mall and diminutive, fo as they are not eafy to be feen afunder.
V1. The fourth, or Italian kind, has a long Root, which creeps not fo much as any of the former, nor ws it fo Gull of kibres : the Leaves grow many on a winged Stalk, and differ not much from the firft, fa- ving that the Stalk crefied, and the Leaves are dented or fnipt in a little round the edges, being in Shape between the Garden-CrefS and Cuckow-flower, the Stalks are crefted, and divided into many Branch- es: the Flowers are white, which being pafs'd away,are fucceeded by Cods, like the Ordinary or Common Water-Crefs, and with like Seed. The Tafte of both Herb and Seed is more mild and pleafant than that of the other Water-Crefles.
VII. The Places. They all grow for the moft part in {mall ftanding Waters , and fometimes in {mall Rivulets of running Water: but the laft is fometimes found growing in Gardens.
VIIL. The Times, They {pring and grow green in March and April. That Water-Cre/s which is eaten in Sallets, is beft in March and Apri/: they flourifh all the Summer, and Hower in Fune and Fuly, their Seed ripening in Augu/t.
IX. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the third degree: are Diuretick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Hyfterick, Nephritick, Alexipharmick and Antifcorbutick,
X. The Specification. They are peculiar againft the Scurvy in a cold Habit of Body.
XI. The Preparations. You may have, 1. A Sallet. 2. A liquid Fuice. 3. An Effence. 4. An Infufion. 5. A Lotion. 6. A diftilled Water. 7. A Spirituous Tinlture. 8. An Acid Tinture. 9, An Oily Tinfure.. 10. A Saline Tinture. 11, A Spirit. 12. A fixed Saft.
The Virtues.
—_
XII. The Sallet. It is made of the green Herb, gathered in March and Apri/, pickt and wathe
‘| clean, and drefS'd up with Salt, Vinegar and Qil,
or Sugar, and fo eaten raw: it is generally eaten in the Spring time, to°cleanfe and purifie the Blood, {weeten the Juices of the Body, and cure the Scurvy. XUL The figuid Fuice. It is more powertul than that of Brovklime againft the Scurvy ip a cold : li ‘Babes
24.2
Habit ot Body, tor it cleanfes the Blood and Hu- Mors: it is alfo faid to be good to break the Stone, and to expel it, as'alfo Sand, Gravel, and other Tar- tarous Matter ; it provokes Urine and the Terms, it given in a proper time. It 3 parts of the Juice is mixed with 1 part of the Juice of Oranges, it will be {till more prevalent againft the Scurvy. Dofe of the Juice is from 1 ounce to 2 or 3, twice OF nae aday, being mixed with any proper Ve- icle.
XIV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, but much more Stomatick ; it ftreugthens the Scomack and warms it, creates an Appetite, and catifes a good Digeftion, and very powerfully pro- vokes Urine and the Terms. Taken from 1 to 2 ounces or more, well fweetned with Honey, it opens Obftructions of the Lungs, and takes away Hoarfe- nefs, Wheezing, difficulty of Breathing, and fhort- nef§ of Breath. Both the Juice and the Effence, be- ing bathed on, or applied to the Face or other of the Skin, it takes away Freckles, Lentils, Pim- ples, Spots, Sun-burning, Tanning, Yellownefs, and other Deformities thereof.
XV. The Infufion in Water or Wine, ina fimmer- ing or fcalding heat. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo powerful. ‘It is
ood to wath filthy foul Ulcers, Fiftula’s, running sores, Herpes, Scurf, Morphew, &c. cleanfing them, and making them much the more fit to be healed.
XVI. The Lotion. Take of the Juice 3 parts; of White-wine Vinegar 1 part, mix them. It isan excellent thing againft almoft all Deformities of the Skin, as Freckles, Pimples, Scurff, Leprofy, €%c. and itis good alfo to bath the fore part of the Head therewith,Morning and Evening, for fuch as have the
_ Lethargy, or are dull, drowfie, and very fleepy but in this laft cafe, the Patient ought to fuse up the Juice of Water-Creffes every day for fome time ; both in the Morning, and at Night alfo, an hour before Bed-time ; becaufe as an Errbine, it purges the Head and Brain of all cold, moift and noxious Humors caufing the Lethargy, and other the like Difeafes of thofe Parts.
XVII. The difiilled Water. It has much Spirit and volatile Salt in it, and may be ufed as a Vehi- cle, toconvey any of the other Preparations into the
XVIIL The Spirituous Tinfure. It cures the Scurvy in a cold Conftitution, and is of excellent Ufe to reftifie the Diftempers of the Stomach : it warms and comforts it, caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion, and prevails againft Gripings, Colicks and Convulfions of the Bowels. It isa fingular thing againft cold and moift Diftempers of the Head, Brain and Nerves; and is good againft Dullnefé, Droufinefs, HeavinefS, Steepinefs,Apoplexy, Falling- ficknefs, Convulfions, Palfies, and the like Difeafes, being bathed outwardly upon the Parts affetted, and taken inwardly Morning, Noon and Night from 1 dram to 3 drams, in any proper Vehicle. In Difeafes of the Head, it will be alfo good to fimell to it of-
ten, and fometimes to fhuff it up the Noftrils, by | primuntis Gentiaga Gusi
which it eafes Pains of the Head, and helps agai Vertigo’s, and other cold and moift Diftempers of
thofe Parts. : XIX. The Acid Tinfure. It is more Stomatick than the former, and a powerful Refifter of the Scurvy, and all its Symptoms. It opens Obftruéti- ons of the Vifcera, provokes the Terms, prevails a- gainft the Cachexia Sag subearsngie Me young Wo- men, more efpecially if it is given with a proporti- ny quantity of Tinffura Moric. It removes La- zinefS and Wearinef$ of the Body, comforts the weak Bowels, and ftrengthens the whole univerfal Frame. Dofe fo much as may make the Vehicle
Salmon’s Herbal, ~
{a much finer and Medicine to | much vlastihier Wepasas
ab ke
pleafantly fharp ; and may be taken three or four times a day, according as the Occafion may require, . Outwardly applied to the Skin, it is of fingular d Ufe againft Freckles, Lentils, Spots, Sun urning, Tanning, Yellownefs and BrownnefS ofthe Skin, ff, Morphew, Leprofie, and other like Deformities thereof, being gently applied or laid thereupon. ;
good a saftthe rat eat 4 vt - tarous Ma latter the ten, Ure a8 er, Une tote penuly’enewted. way agile oe CaP from 40 to 80 drops, br more, Sai al
iy Pe
oR Th spi on the Send li Spirituons Tina
ion to be be given from 20 drops to 60 in any Vehi- cle, two or three times a day. Ryle. againft the Scurvy, Dro fic, aundice, Stone and Gout.
XXII “The faved Salt. Ie is admirably Diue- tick and Antifcorbutick, and carries off the Morbi- fick Caufe of the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice, Gout, Stone, Struma, Cachexia, Chlorofis, Rickets, &¢. by Urine, opening all manner of Obftruétions. Dofé om 1 Scruple to 2Scruples.
Cc HA P, CLXXI. of -CROSS-W ORT.
I. HE Names. This Plant, as it was unknown T to the ancient Greeks, fo it has no Greek Name retaining to it: but it is called in Latia, Cruciata, and-Crucials, from the Situation of the Leaves. Thalius calls it Cruciata berniaria , and Lobel, Cruciata minor, to-diftinguith it from Gemti- ana Crauciata, . feticnenic calsiie Aiperylepcerts A
it is alfo called cage se i a Mi ; Baubinus calls it Gru-
ciata birfuta : \in Englifh, Crofs-wort, and Golden there-
a tes of, as*the Cruciate vulgaris, our “ommnot
] a . -
‘mall and Fibres, which taking bold of Boab ad fal tbe ies ver a grea
>t Em an ies
Chap. 171. |
of Ground, which perifhes not in the Winter, tho
Stalks, fomething more than 4 foot high, having four Jmall, broad and pointed hairy, yet fmeoth, not rug- ged, yellow green Leaves, growing at every Foint, each againft other crofs-wife, from whence proceeds the Name. Towards the tops of the Stalks, at the Foints with the Leaves, in three or four rows u wards, fland {mall, pale, yellow Flowers, after which come {mall, biackifh, round Seed, four for the moft ’ part contained in every Husk.
es IE AA ME oD
: ZS TUR eal fa \s KAN ew Soy ea re
PTR IN
Se) :
: be? SY he ~ KYA ey an i} Se y i ae Mf : > Fil ES, A) — Cad! (p )
(Z's TA Si, i J J3\\‘s 4
Crofs worl.
IV. The Places. It grows in many moift Grounds, as well Meadows as other wild and untill’d places about Lindon : in the Church-yard at Hamp/tead, near London : at Wye in Kent : at Rand, near Rivg- more in Suffex, along the High-way ; and in a Pa- fture adjoining to the Church-yard at Hdmpftedd by the Mill alfo in a Lane or Highway beyond Char/- ton, a {mall Village near Greenwich, and in feveral other places.
V. The Times. It flowers for the moft part ftom May all the Summer long, in one place or other, as it grows more or lefS in the Sun ; and the Seed ri- pens foon after.
VI. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpe& of
- Heat or Cold ; and dry in the fecond degree. It is V
ly Aftringent ; and admirably Traumatick or VIL. The Specification. It is dedicated to the
5. An Ointment or Bal- afm. 7. A Spirituous Tintture. ure. 9. An Oily Tindure.
The Vietaes:
mixed with Water, it alfo the of in- confolidates and. them :
Englilb Herbs.
X. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
the Leaves die away every Year, and fpring again | but more powerful for the fame Intentions: Came- afrefh. rom this Root Spring g Square hairy brown | rarius fays it helps to expe€torate Flegm out of the 0
Thorax, and is good againit the Obftructions of the Lungs or Stomach ; as alfo other Obftruftions in the Meferaick Veins, La€teals, and other Vifcera. Dofe 2 or 3 ounces in Wine, &c. :
XI. The Decoffion. It has the fame Virtues with the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo effectual : neverthelefs, ( the Deco€tion being made in Wine, or in Water with Wine added to it ) it is often gi- ven asa Wound-drink, in which way of Exhibition it is very efficacious: and mixed with Spirit of Wine, it is good to cleanfé old running Sores, and putrid Ulcers ; cleanfing the fame, and inducing them to a fpeedy healing. It cutes alfo Ruptures.
XII. The Powder. \t is made of the dry’d Leaves. Taken to a dram Morning and Evening, it is good to ftopany inward Bleeding, {pitting of Blood, pif- a bean or Bloody-fiux: the fame it does al- fo being applied to any bleeding Wound. It alfo dries up Moi in Ulcers, and ftops the Flux of any running Sore, being applied after wafhing the fame with the Juice, Effence or Decoftion of the fame Plant before fpecified.
XIII. The Ointment or Balfam. . They cleanfe, and are admirably drying and healing ; give Eafe where the Pain is extravagant, allay the Inflamma- tion, breed Flefh where it is wanting ; dry up the Moifture, and prodacé the Cicatrize in a very {hort time.
XIV. The Cataplafm. Made of the green Herb with the Pouder of the dryed Herb, and applied, it ftops the Bleeding in Wounds, prevents the Afflux of Humors, and fo by confequence Pain and Inflam- mation. Applied to fimple Contufions, it difcuffes them, - 2 ose teftores the Part to its former
oO -
State XV. The ch Tinfure. It heals inward Wounds, and ftops inward Bleedings, reftores the
Tone of the Bowels being hurt, is good againft Ruptures, Bloody-fluxes, Diarrhea, Lienteria, and the Hepatick-flux, and has indeed all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence. Dofe 1 or 2 ounces in Wine, or any other fit Vehicle.
XVI. The Acid Tinfure. It is good to expetto- rate tough and vifcous Humors, opens Obftructions of the Vifcera, ftrengthens the Stomach, and helps a decayed Appetite: it may be taken inwardly in Wine toa grateful Acidity every day, two, three or four times a day : if mix’d with Water to a Gfate- fulnefS, and a little dulcitied with Syrup of C/ove- gilliflowers, it abates the Heat of Fevers, allays In- flammatiens of the Lungs, quenches Thirft, and re- preffes Vapors, being taken as ordinary Drink.
XVII. The Oily Tinéure. It is eminently good againft Punétutes of the Nerves, heals nervous
ounds, gives eafe in the Gout tho’ never fo ex- tream, and in a fhort time cures it: it ftrengthens the Joints, and is fingularly good againft Convulfi- ons and Palfies, being duly anointed upon the Parts affected.
CHAP. CLXXIL of CROWFOOT Meadow.
Lh HE Names. It is called in Greek, Buredrger, ( Frog-wort: ) in Latin, Ranunculus, ailo
| Pes Corvi, and Pes Corvinus: in English, Crowfoct, | King Cob, Age Cups, and Butter-flowers.
IL, The
TAROT eet
Meadow Crowfoot fweet,.( or not biting )
pens, Commom creeping Meadow Crowfoot. 4.
244 ~ Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
-
_ ti. Lhe hinds. Authors are ina Wood about this | Among thefe Leaves rife * Small twiggy Stalks, Pint, and make fo many general kinds thereof, | which fland upright, a foot bigh,. or higher, fome- that it is difficult to reduce each Species to its pro- | times (according to the goodnefs of the Ground) a per Clajfis. However, fince we intend only to treat | foot and half high ; at the tops of the Stalks and of them which grow in England, (fetting afide the | Branches come forth many fine yellow Flowers, glit-
* Ranuneuli Montani, which were never known to | tering a a Golden mr having five Leaves apiece, le
grow with us in our Country ) and that we may be | the middh td of which Flowers are filled with mas intelligent to the Vulgar, we fhall divide them into | ay fmall Threads of like color which being paft, the the five following Clafes, viz. 1. Barestyger asmusbvecy, Seed follows, contained in a rough Ball or Husk. Of Ranunculus Pratenfis, Meadow Crowfoot, of which | this kind there is alfo one with double Flowers.
in this Chapter. 2. Bareggov midwor, Ranunculus A- greflis, Field, or Fallow-feld Crowfoot, of which in Chdp.173. 3. Baredgo tudes, Ranunculus Ne- moralis, of which in Chap.174. 4. Baredror trud esr, Ranunculus Aquaticus, Water Crowfoot, of which in Chap. 175. 5. Bavedzaor ive, Ranunculus Hor- tenfis, Garden Crowfoot, of which in Chap. 176. following.
HI. Of Meadow Crowfoot we have growing with us five feveral kinds, 1. Ranunculus Pratenfis com- munis, The Common Meadow Crowfoot. 2. Ra- nunculus pratenfis dulcis, fimplex and multiplex,
and double flowred. 3. Ranunculus pratenfis re-
Ranunculus Bulbofus five Tuberofus, Knobbed or Tuberous Crowfoot. 5. Ranunculus Globofus, Globe
Crowfoot. r
Common Meadow Crowfoot.
y) " iN} ? is A\\NS \\s AN i WN INF . Sweet Meadow Cronfoot
V. The fecond, or fweet kind, bas @ Root confft- ing of many white Fibres, as the former, from whence rifes up feveral great, broad, dark, green Leaves,
read upon the Ground, a tittle as cut in on the edges into five Divifions, and a little dented alfo about, efpecially at the ends, and of a paler yellow greenon theunderfide, of a fweet and not umpleafant jot for I mel mH Sora — not pone
mells foecet, but becaufe it has no fharp, biting or exulcerating Tafte, as Ae of the other Cromants have, being fo fweet, foft and pleafamt, that the People in many places do fiew the Leaves, when ge are young, with other Herbs, to eat them after t
manner of a boiled Sallet. ¥rom among thefe Leaves rife up Several hairy Stalks, a foot or foot and half
is Z)4\)]\ S
LI
cut into fmaller and narrower parts than thofe which are lower. At the tops of thefe Stalks and Bramches ’ {V. The Deferiptions. Common Meadow Crow- | tad many fair Golden yellow colored Flowers, with foot (whofe Branches or Stalks ftand upright, and | yellow Ibrumbs in their middie, z very like to bend not down again unto the Ground, neither creep | former Common Meadow Crow
thereon, or fpread, taking root again in divers places, | not eafy to be difcerned afunder : the rough as the third kind following does) bas a white Root,\ and Seed following them are alfo like the other before
which is almoft wholly fibrous ; from whence pring | defcribed. Of this kind there is one alfo with dou- —
up many large dark green Leaves, cut into divers | ble Flowers. } parts, Jomeschat refembling the fpreadirg of a Crows| VI. ‘The third, or creeping kind} has a white and
foot, having avery sharp, hot and burning Lafie, ve-| thready Root, from whence fpring forth feveral ry much biting the Tongue, and bliftering the Skin,| Leaves, which are divided into many parts, a = is bere
if laid thereon, not much lefs than any other hot Cor- | ly into three, fometimes into five, eut here roding and Exulcerating Herb can do, which Leaves | in the edges, as if they were fmipt, of a deep gretm have now and then fome blackifh Spots upon them,} color, upon which are eed divers white Spots. Fra but ihefe Spets happen not in all, nor in all places.\.among thefe Leaves {pring up the Stalks, which ar
. ' oe
high, with fome Leaves upon them more divided, and
oot, that they are
* nut, and fometimes much le/s, not much bigger than
ith Fibres or Strings, from whence rife many fair,
te eee ee ivontonnony A A tt tne
Chap. 172: Enghjfh Herbs. - 245
broad, dark green Leaves next the Ground, flanding pon long Foot-ftalks, which Leaves are deeply cut or jagged into five, fix or feven Divifions, and be- Sides nipt in or dented on the edges, among which rifes up a Salk, divided towards the top into fome Branches : on the Stalk are fet fuch-like Leaves as are below, but fmaller. On the tops of the Stalk and Branches grow feveral large fair yellow Flowers,con- Sifting of five Leaves apiece, or rather of eleven Leaves for the mo pert Se or placed in three rows, and always folded inwards, or rouled up together like a round Ball or Globe,. like a clofe Flower never blowing, (from whence came the Name: ) they have many yellow Threads in the middle, ftanding round about a green rough Head, which in time grows to be ih of {mall Knobs, wherein is contained {mail black
ced. .
IX. The Places. They all gtow in Fields and ~ Meadows, or Pafture-Grounds, thro’ all England; efpecially the four firft kinds. The fifth kind grows wild in moft places of Lancafhire and Jork/hire. and other bordering Shires in the Northern parts of this Kingdom, almoft in every Meadow ; but has not been yet found wild in any of the Southern or Weftern patts of England.
The Times. They flower in May and Fune,
and the Seed is ripe in uly and Auguft.
XI. The Qualities, Specgenen Preparations Vir- tues and Ufes, fee in Chap. 176. following, whete they will be handled at large.
. \\ \ ” ” | Creeping Meadow ly NAN Crorefoot Y Ma Za
round, and fomething hairy ; fome of them bend down towards the Ground, trailing as it were, and put forth many Roots at the Foints, which are {mall white Fibres, by which it takes bold of the Ground, and fo encreafes or | sip it felf far about. Some of the principal Stalks fad upright, a foot high or higher, and fometimes they feem to be rather leaning than iit : at the tops of thefe Stalks and their Branches come forth the Flowers, confifting of five Leaves apiece, and of a gloricus Gold yellow color, and a Golden-colored Thrumb in the middle, which being he yield knobby rough Heads of Seed, very like to the firft. The fharp Tafte of the Iseaves and Flowers are alfo like tothe fame. Of this kind there as alfo one with double Flowers, which is nurs'd up in Gardens. >
VII. The fourth, or tuberous kind, has 2 Root white and round, of the $909 Sometimes of a Wall-
CHAP. CLXXIIL. of CROWFOOT Field. |
L-P HE Names. It is called in Greck, Baregrgeo
dydeyuny © dey: in Latin, Ranunculus
arvus, vel arvorum; and in Englifh, Field or Fallow Field Crowfoot. ex
Fallow field Croow foot:
ofp. i & a &
& By
SW) / We i) « M)
WZ aie
= = V7
Cony Nie © BZ
é
“3
\ “LEZ
a Bean or large Filbert, with fome long Fibres, efpe- cially at the end of it, which is of a more sharp and biting Tafte than any of the fornter : from this Root Spring up divers Leaves, much more cut in and di- cided an any of the former, every one of them fianding on a y Foot-ftalk, of an over-worn green color : among which rye up feveral flender Stalks, a foot or foot and balf bigh, with fome Leaves there- on at the Foints, more divided, and into longer and narrower parts.than thofe below , at the tops of the Stalks and Branches come forth fair fhining Gold- colored Flowers, con/fifting of five Leaves apiece, like the former kinds, with many Threads in the middle, fianding about a green Head, which after the Flowers are pat, grows to be more rough or prickly than the feedy Heads of any of the aforegoing. Of this kind is that thought to be which bears double yellow Flow- ers, one out of another, called Anglicus bulbofus or tuberofus. Al/o another, whofe Flower is fingle, and red, like an Orange.
VIII. The fifth, or Globe kind, ( called in the Northern Countries of England, where it grows, Locker Goulous) bas a Root compofed of many black- Il. The
246 ~~ Salmons Herbal. ab.
I], The Kinds. It isa fingular Plant, and is cal-] breadth high or more, about the middle whereof come od led by Lobe! in his Icones, Ranunculus arvorum 4|forth ufually three Stalks of Leaves, each being | and is the fame with Ranunculus arvenfis Gefneri, | fometbing broad, bard, and cut in on the edges into Ranunculus arvenfis echinatus Baubini, Ranunculus|three parts, of a fad green color, and dented alfo: Jegetalis Cordi ; Ranunculus Sylveftris tertius Dodo=| the Stalk rifes up two or more inches bigh, bearing nei & Lobelit in Obfervationibus , Fallow-field | at the top one fingle Flower, hanging down the Head Crowfoot. for the moft part, conjifting of five Leaves, fomewhat
Ill. The Defcription. Ir has a fmall white fi- broad, and a round-pointed, of a light blewifh brous Root, from whence {pring forth fome deeply | color on the outfide, before it is blown open, but white jagged Leaves upon long Foot-ftalks, but fmaller than| afterwards, and more white on the infide, having a any of the former, and divided into many narrower} few white Threads in the middle, tipt with yellow,
- parts, of an over-worngreen color ; they are fat and Standing about a green Head 3 which Srowing ripe in thick, much jagged, and fometbing refembling ( Says | length of time, + fomething like the other Heads of — Gerard) the Leaves of Sampire, but not near fo| Crowfeet, compofed of many fmall Seeds compatled &reen. From among thefe Leaves rifes up a Stalk| together. : about a foot or more high, which towards the top is divided into other Branches , the Leaves on the bigh- er part of the Stalk are more jagged or divided than thofe which are lower. The Flowers grow at the tops of the Branches, which are confifting of five {mall Leaves, of a pale or faint yellow color, which being pafs'd away, there come Clufters of rough and foarp- pointed Seed, fet as it were in Heads, many to- gether. )
IV. The Places. It is found chiefly in Ploughed Lands and Fallow Fields in many parts of England ; the Latins called it Ranunculus arvorum, e it is commonly found in Fallow Fields, where Corn . has lately been fown, and fo may be called Corn Crowfoot.
V. The Times. It flowers in Mayand Fune ; the on ripening in the mean while in Amguft and Sep- tember.
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues thereof are the fame with the Common Mea- dow. Crowfoot, which may be found at large in Chap. 176. following.
Single wvitite wood Crowfoot. ny
CHAP. CLXXIV. Of CROWFOOT Wood.
LT HE Names. It is called in Greek, Baregyev Weeden: in Latin, Ranunculus Nemoralis ; = te and in Englifh, Wood Crowfoot. IV. The fecond, or leaft,or leffer White kind, bas Il. The Kinds. There are, 1. Ranunculus ne-| a Root fmall and long, and creeping under t mor ofus albus fimplex, Ranunculus Phragmitis oF Cruft of the Earth, like the former, and it has fuch- neri, Ranunculus Sylveftris Tragi, White fingle-| Jike Leaves as the other fingle White kind, drvided flowred Wood Crowfoot. 2. Ranunculus nemoro-\ into three parts, and each of them into others again, fus albus minor, Ranunculus nemorofus Anemones| ftanding upon little long ie hae but they are ‘flore minor Baubini, The leaft or lefler white Wood | much Jeffer , f that the whole Leaf hereof # not Crowfoot. 3. Ranunculus nemorofus flore Carneo,\ much bigger than one of the Divifions or Parts of the €9 flore purpureo, The fingle blufh and purple Wood | other : the Stalk 7s very fmall, with few Leaves Crowfoot. 4. Ranunculus nemorofus luteus, The} thereon, divided in two places more than the lower, yellow Wood Crowfoot. 5. Ranunculus nemorofus | little more than two inches bigh : at the top grows % dulcis, Ranunculus fylvefiris fecundus Tragi, Ra-\a white Flower, confifting of fix white Leaves. with nunculus Auricomus Lobelii, Sweet Wood Crow-| a few yellowifh Threads in the middle ; which being foot. 6. Ranunculus montanus albus minor fimplex,| pafs’'d away, leaves a round Head compofed of many Ranunculus Alpinus albus, The leffer fingle white] fmall Seeds, not much unlike the former. ; Mountain Crowfoot. 7. Ranunculus Virginenfis\ V. The third, or fingle blufh-colored Wood Crow-. vel Virginianus albus, White Virginian Crowfoot. | foot, #s in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, Heads,
Ill. The Defcriptions. The frit, or White fin-| Seeds, and Form of Growing, like unto the former, gle-flowred, bas a Reot commonly of the bigne/s of a\ fo that until it % in flower, there can fearcely amy Wheat Straw, not growing right down, but creeping | difference be difcerned : but when the Flower ap- at length, under the fs Cruft of the Earth, /pread-| pears, it fhews it felf much more reddifh on the oul- ing into feveral {mall Knobs, like Branches or Arms,| fide, and of a fair pale purple or blufh color on the r of a dark brown color on the outfide, and white within,| infide, which makes it a diptintd Species of it Jey,
of a foarp biting Tafte, inflaming the Mouth. From differing from the reft. But fometimes different Va- ibis Root rife up two or three Stalks, about an Hand\ risties are found of this kind, having its Some: We
-
eh :
the former, i Branches , at the tops of which come forth white Sometimes of eight 2 | Flowers, conjifting of five Leaves apiece, with {mall yellow color, with many fmall Threads in | yellom Chives in Ke middle, fmelling like the Elowers which being ea away, there fucceed like Hes of of May or Haw-Thorn, but more pleafant ; after Seed, asin the others. Thefe Blowers have the leajt.| which comes the Seed, which is contained in Heads,
Smell of them all. And unto this kind. belongs shag like to the other Crowfeet.
Sort of Anemone (but rather Crowfoot ) wi Ue IX. The feventh, or Virginian Crowfoot, has a
donzxus calls Trifolia, having the Leaves parted into | reddifh, thick, tuberous Root, with fome {mall Fibres
three, fnipt about the edges, and which bear's.a\ whi-| {pringing from it : from which shoot forth three or
tifh blufh Hower. : ‘our fomewbat large, broad, whitifh-green Leaves " ‘pa Jong ¥oot-ftalks, rent or torn on the edges for
th Gol | Ns
de 77 Ag 14 ed Onon foot moft part , among which rifes up a flender, round,
faked Stalk, five, fix or more inshes bigh, bearing ‘ NY C0 one white Flower at the top, made of ten or twelve We (NW YW Ge Small, narrow and pointed Leaves, with a few yel- Yowilh Threads in the middle, fet about a greenifh Head, which in time grows to be a long Ymca Pod, in which is contained round whitifh Seed. X. The Places. They are almoft all found grow- - in, Woods; Groves and Orchards in moft places this Land. The fourth is found as well by Braok- Jfidés, which pafs by Meadows, as in Woods, and by Hedge-fides. The fixth, is called Ranuncu- lus Alpinus, becaufe that thofe which firft found it, met with it upon the A/pine Mountains, how- evet, fince it has been found to grow plentifully wilt in Bxgland, efpecially in Hamp/tead Wood, from whence it has been tranfplanted into Gardens. The feventh bears in its Name the place of its Growth, it has been found in many other parts of F- ba .
XI. The Times. They flower pretty early in the Spring, yppoesimnes in March, but for the moft part in Aprif, and fometimes in May , and the Seed is
ipe in June, Fuly and Augult.
malities, Specification, Preparations, jes, fee in Chap. 175. thefe being of re with thofe others, where you may at gS
J
nin Wi SS & ea
‘eg AKL
in 0
tyre
have them. a
{
— . =
CHAP. OLXXV. of CROWFOOT. Water.
L“Q° HE Names. It is called in Greek, Baresygsr in Latin,. Ranunculus aquaticus ;
| 248 ~ Salmon’s Herbal.
the Crowfect, yet they have nothing of the Form, and we think that fomerhing more than the Tafte ought to conclude the feveral Species, otherwife. Ginger may as well be admitted into the fame Stock, which I am fure no Herbarift will ever grant: for this Reafon we referr you for the three atore-named kinds of Plants to their proper places, which you . dre tiay in fome of the illo Chapters of this
ook.
Il. The Water Crowfeet then, which we fhall treat of in this Chapter, are four; 1. Ranunculus aguaticus vulgaris major; Ranunculus aquaticus He- patice facie Lobelit , Ranunculus ae is Dodonai , Hepatica aquatica Lugdunenfis , Hepatica paluftris ; Thalti ; Ranunculus aquaticus folio rotundo & capil- laceo Baubini , The é foot. 2. Ranunculus aquaticus Communis minor; Ranunculus Hederule folio aquaticus ; The \effer Water Crowfoot. 3. Ramunculus paluftris Sardoni- ws levis; Strumea, & Apiaftrum Plinii, by fome Apium Rifus ; Herba Sardoa Guilandini, ( who fays, when he was taken Prifoner by Pyrates, and carried into Sardinia, he faw this Herb growing plentifully there: ) Apium aquaticum Tragi ; oh rum Cordi ;
et
———
Scelerata Apuleit ; Ranunculus paluftris Cordi in Hiftoria Lugdunenfis, Thalii, &c. Ranunculus pa- luftris Api folio levis Baubini , Ranunculus palu- ris rotundiore folio Lobelii ; Smooth-leav’d Marfh Crowfoot. 4. Raaunculus palufiris Sardonius lan- guinofus , Ranunculus Sardonius verus Diofcoridis ; Ranunculus Sardonius Anguilare , Apium Sylveftre ; Ranunculus palufiris Apii folio languinofus Baubini , Ranunculus paluftris fecundus Matthioli, & Cordi in Hiftoria ; The true Sardinian Marth Crowfoot.
~
"aqVaA) aq Fl Of 4) A37LYy
Water Crowfcot, from whence comes fort
that are under Water, come forth fine jagged thred Leaves, dlmoft like Fibres, but pas
ommon greater Water Crow- | >
‘ IV. The tacks The firft, or Common asa fi mall fibrous or thready Root,
a long trailing tender Stalk,
with feveral Joints therein, at every one of which, or fea-
they are
green, but towards the tops of the Branches growing above the Water, there be none of thofe fine Leaves at the Foints, or very few of them, but only round Leaves, growing upon fhort koot-ftalks, cut ina lite tle, and dented about the edges: and with them come forth likewife fmall Milk-white Flowers, confifting of five Leaves —s with fome Tellownefs in the middle ; after which come fmall, rough, round Heads of Seed, almoft like to thofé of the Land Crowfoot,
3 A 4 FS
lider Crowfoot the Leffer.
V. The ‘fecond, or Small Water Crowfoot, with Alehoof or Ground-Ivy Leaves, bas a great number of fibrous Roots, from whence come many long, flén- der, trailing Branches or Stalks, fhooting forth at almoft all the Foints under Water many ot i Roots, by which it fpreads and very much encreafes it felf. From the feveral Foints, as well under as above the Water, {pring forth feveral {mall youndifh, indented Leaves, not much unlike to thofe of Ale hoof, ftanding each upon a pretty long Be from fome of the Foints with the Leaves, andatthe tops of the Stalks, come forth palifh Flowers, having five pointed Leaves apiece ; which being pafs'd aay, leave roundifh Heads of Seed after them.
VI. The third, or Smooth-leav’d Marth Crow- foot, bas for a Root a Bufh of {mall white Fibres; from whence fhoot forth feveral Leaves upon long Foot-ftalks, rounder than thofe growing big ap the Stalk, and not fo deep cut in, but demed the edges : from among thefe Leaves shoot forth a round hollow Stalk, near a foot and half bigh, fpread- ing it felf forth into feveral Branches , the lower Leaves whereof are more round than thofe above, and are divided fome into three parts, which are the
; ssa Sirft and loweft, others into five Divifions, and é
the phos
be has obferved fome to bear purplifh : ) which a
foot, bas a Root confifting of Strings, from which {pring fort ge winge Leaves, Foot-/talks of a modgrate le, Bt, a ded into Toten fants and dented about the. from among which fpring up one of more ing themfelves out into divers Branch Leaves, fome singed, ond,
a , Be . ait. Ss ei es oon Fab Ae ae
Waters, Ponds and Ditches; and in ‘plafhy places.
Leaves not winged, more divided than the former| IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Great fingle kind, and fo bairy withal, as if there was a fmall\ white Mountain Crowfoot, bas a Root confifting o Soft Cotton upon them : at the tops of the Branches} many long, thick, whitifh Strings, running out from and Stalks come forth the Buds of Flowers, confifting | a thick Head. rom this Root {pring forth large and of five broad-pointed Leaves apiece, each Leaf being|\ green Leaves, divided into three parts, and fome- on its end hollowed in a little ; which being pafs'd a-| times into five fpecial Divifions, and befides each of way, there fucceed Heads of Seed, much like to the| thofe parts are dented about the edges, fomewbat re- former. Sembling the Leaves of Globe Crowfoot, but larger. VIII. The Places. Thefe all grow in moift, wet} The Stalk two feet and half high, having three and morifh Grounds, and fometimes by the fides of] fall Leaves, fet at the Foint of the Stalk, where it branches out into Flowers, which fland four or five together upon long Foot-ftalks, made of five white
The firft is common in many places of this King- dom : the fecond is more rare to be met with: the third and fourth are often found ; but not altogether fo frequent to be feen as the firlt. 1X. The Times. They all flower in May and Fune , and their Seed is ripe fome time after.
X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, Vir- tues and Ufes, fee in the following Chapter, thefe being of the fame Nature and Temperature with the former and thofe following.
CHA-P. CLXXVL Of CROWFOOT Garden.
ae & HE Names. It is called in Greek, Bareszaer xara 5 orbeysov, x iysev: in Latin, Ranun- culys Sativus vel hortenfis : in Englifh, Garden or Manured Crowfoot. . IL. The Kinds. Of the Ranunculi which Florifts now ftuff their Gardens withal, there is fuch a great number of them, that it would not be eafie to name them all, much lefS to defcribe them ; a great part of them being originally Exoticks or Foreigners, but being brought to us, and profpering well bya Cul- tivating in our Gardens, they were made free Deni-. zons, ? as it were) and fo at length became Natives of our Soil. The chief of thofe which we fhall take notice of in this Work, are the eighteen fol- lowing. . JIL 1. Ranunculus montanus albus major, Great fingle white Mountain Crowfoot... 2. Ranunculus -montanws albus bumilior se flore, The low dou- ble white Mountain Crowfoot. 3. Ranunculys al- bus flore pleno, The double white Crowfoot. 4. Ranunculus pratenfis flore multiplici, The double yellow Field Crowfoot. 5. Ranunculus Anglicus maximus multiplex, Garden double yellow Crow- foot, called alfo Batchelors-buttons. 6. Ramuncu- lus Gramineus duplice flore, Double-flowred Grafs- like Crowfoot. 7. Ranunculus Creticus Latifolius, ‘Broad-leav’d Candy Crowfoot. 8. Ranunculus Cre- ticus albus, The white Candy Crowfoot. 9. Ranun- culus Afiaticus flore Rubro, Single red Afian Crow- foot. 10. Ranunculus Afiaticus flore Amplo rubro, The large fingle red Afian Crowfoot. 11. Ranun- culus Afiaticus fore rubro vario et Oh The fingle red ftript Afian Crowfoot. 12. Ranunculus Afia- ticus flore luteo vario fimplici, ‘The fingle yellow Mtript Affen Crowfoot. 13. Ranunculus Afiaticus flore rubro pleno, The double red Afian Crowfoot. . Ranunculus Afiaticus flore pleno prolifero, The ttoned red Afian Crowfoot. 15. Ramun-
vided or heated, being not very great, but very ouble.
VIII. The fifth, or Great Englifh Garden double yellow Crowfoot, ca//ed alfo Batchelors-buttons, bas a Root round, like unto a fmall white Turnep, with everal Fibres adjoining to it : from which arife ma-
great black, green Leaves, jagged and cut into three Divifions, each to the middle Rib: from among thefe Levves {pring up the Stalks, which fpread themfelves out into feveral Branches, and which have Some fmaller Leaves on them, and thofe which are next under the Branches, are long and narrow, the higher up, the longer and narrower. The Flowers are of a greenifh yellow color, very thick and double of Leaves , in the middle. of which rifes up a {mall
talk, bearing another double Flower, like to the o- ther out of which it grows, but fmaller , which being d peed away, there comes a roundifh rough Head of -
eed, much like to the other Crowfeet. IX. The Jixth, or Double-flowred Graf-like | Crowfoot, . bas ‘ i compofed of many thick, long,
round,
¥ 44/ folio hr . b 5 = x 7
. yal ones rifing from the Root.
cad, ( without any Smell) confifting of five white TOK inted Leaves, wit
Chap. 176. | “Englifb Herbs.
or Strings, very bitter, and creeps here and there,
utting up new Shoots. The Leaves of ibis Crow-
oot have long Stalks, and are very like unto the fmaller Leaves of Columbines, or the Great Spanifh Thalif&trum, or Meadow-Rue, which bas Leaves very like unto Columbine Leaves, four or five feve-
The Stalk grows u tothe height of about half a yard, fomething reddifh, and befet here and there with the like Leaves: at the top ftand feveral fall white Flowers, confiftin, of five Leaves apiece, with fome pale white Threade in the middle : the Seed is round and reddifh, and ‘contained in fmall Husks or Horns. This is the A- quilegia minor Dalefchampii, avd Ranunculus pra- cox fecundus Thalietri folio Clufii. XIX. The fixteenth, or Small Columbine-leav’d Crowfoot, has a Root confifting of three, four or more, thick, fhort and roundifh or oval yellow Bulbs or tuberous Produttions from the main Root or Head, like unto the Afphodil Root. From this Root {pring forth three or hur winged Leaves fpread upon the ‘Ground, ftanding upon long Stalks, and confifting of many fmall Leaves fet together, Jpreading from the middle Rib, every Leaf fomewbat refembling the Smalleft and youngeft Leaves of Columbines. The Flowers. are white, ftanding at the tops of the Stalks, made of frve round Leaves. XX. The feventeenth, or Wyrian Crowfoot, has
a Root which confifts of a Bunch of {mall oval tube- -rous Roots or Grains; growing clofe together, with Some Fibres adjoining, not much unlike to thofe of Pilewort : frim whence fpring forth (upon long Foot-ftalks) three, four or more narrow greyifh green Leaves, divided into four, five or more long flender parts, of a Silver-white Jhining color underneath, and covered with a certain unt fos The Stalks are firm and round, but fmall, a foot bigh or more, having fome fuch-like Leaves thereon about the mid- die, and fpreading into three or four Branches, every top bearing a {mall fhining fale yellow Elower, con- Ring of five Leaves, and fometimes two together upon a Stalk. There is a greater kind of this Plant, like to it in all refpeits, but only that the Leaves, Stalk and Flowers are greater and larger, the Leaves broader and greener on the upper fide, and not fully of fo Silver a white color underneath : the Flowers are of a fair deep yellow color, dnd greater than the former , but the Root bas not fo many {mall Grains of Kernels fet together, from whence white Strings Shoot forth, by which it is nourifhed and encrea-
ed. ee it XXI. The eighteenth, or Plantane-leav’d Crow- foot, has a Root compofed of many white Strings or Fibres, proceeding from a Head which is fomewhat hairy, and abides many Years , the Leaves who. perifhing in the end of Summer, and fpringing again in th : from this Root rife up three or four Leaves fet on pretty long Foot-ftalks, being fomewhat dong and broad, like unto Plantane Leaves, with Ribs therein, but more pointed at the ends, not di- vided or dented about the edges, but fmooth and plain, with fome Veins running thro the length of them, and pointed at the ends, of a whitifh grey green co- lor, circled as it were with a white Down. The Stalk is firm, round and green, about half a yard bigh, bearing two or three longer Leaves, broad at the bottom, and encompaffing the Stalk, which divides
_ it Self at the top into two or three fmall Branches,
one of them a fmall long Leaf at the and a@ reafonable large Hower at the
, b many yellowifh Threads in the middle, which growing ripe, bas Seeds Set together, like to divers other kinds of Crow-
=, Se
on; and it is = pote, for it will fuppurate on
251
XXIL Lhe Places. The Names ot moft of thefe Plants fhew whence they originally came , howe- ver, by Tranfplantation, they are now Natives of our own Land, being all of them found in fome one or other of our Flori/?’s Gardens, where they flourifh admirably well.
XXIIL The Times. The Broad-leav’d Candy Crowfcot flower more early, viz. in March or April: the others flower from dpri/ to the end of Fune 5 and the Seed is ripe in Fu/y and Augelli
XXIV. The Qualities. The hot, biting and ex¢ ulcerating kinds, ( which are thofe only whofe Vir- tues we defign to give you in this place) are hot and dry in the fourth Degree, and exulcerating.
XXV. The Specification. They are peculiar fot curing the Scrophula or Kings-Evil:
XXVL The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice of the Roots or Leaves. 2: An Effence. 3. A Pouder fi, the Roots, Flowers or Leaves. 4..A Cataplafm of the fame. 5. A Deco- ction. 6. An Ointment. 7. A diftilled Water: Some are for ufing the Roots only, fome for the Flowers, fome for the Leaves, but they may be all taken and ufed promifcioufly, according to the In- tentions ; but none of them to be ufed inwardly, being but little better than Poy/om, by reafon of theis exulcerating Property ; more efpecially the I/yrian Crowfoot, which fome call Aprum Sylveftre, and fome Apium Rifus, but is not the true Apiwm Rifus, of which we {peak in sy ai 2d place., But as to this Wyrian or Laughing Crowfoot, if it is taken in- watdly, it is faid to caufe the Perfon to fee divers pee 9 Sights, and to kill them Laughing > with- out doubt, it hurts the Senfes and Underftanding, and rather caufes Cramps, Convulfions, and Wring- ings or Drawings of the Mouth and Jaws awry, brie | to the Standers by as if the Patient Laugh- ed, and dying in this Condition, to dye Laughing, whereas it was no Laughing, nor was the Party in any Condition to Laugh, but rather it was a violent Convulfion of the Nerves, caufing the Man or Wo- man to die with great Torment.
The Virtues: -
XXVIL. The liquid Fuice: It is fharp and biting, good to bath gently thofe Parts of the Skin which are affected vi Scurff; Morphew, Leprofie, Frec- kles, Spots, YellownefS, Roughnefs, &c.. The Skin is firft to be wafhed with warm Water very well, to loofen and open the Pores thereof; then being wiped dry, to be immediately bathed with this Juice, which is to be done twice a day. It is good alfo to dry away Scabs and Itch.
XXVHI- The Ejfence. It is powerful to all the Intentions aforefaid; but more drying: It i§ good to wafte away and confume Warts; Corns, hard Scabs of the Skin, Ruggednef$ of thé Nails, and o- ther like Deformities of the Cutis. The Head be- ing wafhed with it, it kills Worms at the Roots of the Hair, which eat the fame and caufe it to fall off. Neither Juice nor Effence, by reafon of their Violence, are ever ufed inwardly.
XXIX. The Pouder. It is cleanfing and drying, and is good to be ftrewed into old, running and pu- trid Sores, and Ulcers which have Worms in them. Snufft up the Noftrils, it purges the Head and Brain by Sneezing. ;
. XXX. The Cataplafm. Laid to the Writs of the Hands, it is faid to drive away Agues, efpecially if a little Bay Salt is alfo mixed with it, It it is made of the Root of the Bulbous or Tuberous kind, the Germans, as Camerarius fays, apply it to Plague Sores and Peftilential Bubo’s, to induce Maturati-
2 brea
Salmon’s Herbal. ib.
have it to be the Hemerocallis of Diofcorides’: in
252 break other Apoftems or Tumors, being wifely ap- plied. Tragus fays, That a- bit of this Tuberous Root put to Teeth which do ake, or into anhollow Tooth, takes away the Pain, but Authors alfo fay, | That many times it breaks thofe which are hollow, or caufes them to full out. _ This Cataplafin (or the fimple Root) being applied to the Finger of one troubled with the Tooth-ach, eafes the Pain, which be it does by Attraction, and thereby caufes a Pain in the Part to which it is applied. Applied toa foul Ulcer, it will cleanfe it, and take away all the fil- thy and corrupt Matter therein, leaving the Sore fair, and eafily to be healed with other Vulneraries ; but the Cataplafin is not to lye too long upon the
Sore, by reafon of its Violence. Applied to Scro- phulous Tumors or Kernels in the Neck, or under the Ears, called the Kings-Evil, it breaks them, and caufes them to wafte away. Authors fay, That ap- plied to Hemorrhoids or Piles which fwell and bleed not, it helps to difcufS or take them away ; but that ig is in no wife to be applied to thofe which are open and bleed. Applied to a Lewce or fpotted Le- tg it kills the virukent Humor, and clears the
Skin.
_ XXXL. The Decoffion. It has the Virtues of the liquid Juice and Effence, but not full out fo effica- cious. It cures Scabs and Itch, they being often wathed therewith ; and is good to take away Tan-| . nings, Sun-burnings, Freckles, Lentils, YellownefS of the Skin, , Morphew, &c. It is good al- fo to hinder the falling of the Hair, the Head being wafhed therewith warm; and then afterwards to be wafhed: again with warm Water.
. The Ointment. It has all the Virtues of
mong the gem eo Leaves, which is, their
XXXL. The diftilled Water of the whole Plant, whilft it is in flower, is fafe to all the Purpofes a- forefaid; and, as fome fay, is given with good Suc- cefS inwardly, with Species Lithontribon, to voke Urine when it is ftopt, and to break the Stone : and being ufed as a,Wafh, it takes away moft of the ufual Deformities of the Skin. . XXXIV. An Obfervation. Tho’ all thefe Prepa- rations and Virtues aforegoing, are applicable to all the hot, biting and exulcerating fronfect promif- coufly, whether of the Land or Water, and that probably they may all do the fame things, yet they are generally and for the moft part pradicated ( ex- cept in the Cafes where any particular one of them is named) of the moft Common and Meadow Crow-
oot. f XXXV. Obferv. 2. That the Sweet Crowfoot, or that which has no fharp or sg, ea is held to be harmlefS, for the Germans, as Tragus fays, do eat it familiarly among other Herbs. Tragus alfo fays, That even this fweet kind will difcufs and dif- folve hard Tumors in any Part of the Body, being applied.
Wee
SsS5 LIE
Crown J. 7aperia ae
Skin, compofed of fewer, but mich thicker Scales than any otber Lilly,. except the Perfian, and dots grow fometimes to be as great asa pretty big Childs Head, and fomewhat flat withal. From the whereof, and not from the bottom, it fooots jor long leg teks —_ perifh every Tear, rag Ps : ¥ hole in the mi eof at end of t. > 3 HE Names. thas no Greek Name that we | when the old — is dry te toss hy out of the know of : the Turks call it Tufai, Toxfai,} which a new Stalk does {pring again ( from a Bud or Tufehai, Turfani and Turfandi : in Latin, Corona\ Head to be feen within the Hollowne/s on the one Imperialis, & Lilium Byzantinum , Clufius will) fide) the following Year : the Stalk then filling up the ‘ Hollowne/s, —
4
CHAP. CLXXVIL of CROWN-IMPERIAL.
a°%
, 3 - - : ®
"ik.
a]
— 7
Ce
TT SS va eae Fee F's.
that Infufion, and it will Li, ima color, to
Chap.177. Ezghf> Herbs. 283 } ringing up, rifes up to be| VIIL Objerv. 2. As in the bottom of each ‘f
Hollownefs, and thus Jp cing great, round, and of a|thefe Bells, there is placed fix drops of molt pure
three or four feet high, purplifh color at the bottom, but green above, befet | clear thining Water, fweet in Tafte, like to Sugar,
from thence to the middle thereof, with many long | refembling in Shew tair Oriental Pearls; thefe drops, and broad green Leaves, very like to the Leaves of| if you take them away, new and freth drops we But i
our Common white Lilly, but fomerbing fhorter and| immediately come in their places again. be fuffered to continue in the Flower,
narrower, confufedly without Order, and from the| they ma middle upwards it is bare or naked without Leaves, they vill never fall away, no, tho’ you ftrike the
for acertain fpace ; and then it bears four, fix or| Plant till it is broken. ten Flowers, more or le/s, according to the Age of| -
the Root, and the Fertility of the Earth where it
grows. The Buds at the Veh appearing are whitifh, fianding upright among a Bufb or Tuft of green Leaves, {mailer than thofe below, and ftanding above the Flowers , after a while they turn themfelves, and ‘hang downwards, a one upon its own Foot-ftalk, round about the great Stem or Stalk, fometimes of an even depth, and fometimes again one lower or bigher ~ Supa ich re - — he Form like to thofe of an ordinary Lilly, but fomewhat leffer and CF Chethete «in Greek rf iat clofer, confifting of fix Leaves, of an Orange color,|,: erere: in Greek, Sinus iuse@ : in La- Repel eth purplth Lines and Vein, esbieh add c Fe re an Salas DE, Ce great Grace and Beauty to the Flowers. At the bot-\ “° ~“4mre tom of the Flowers next unto the Stalk, every Leaf thereof has on the outfide a certain Bunch or Emi- nence fticking forth, of a dark purplifp color, and on the infide there lies in thofe hollow bunched places, certain clear drops of Water, like unto Pearls, of a ve- ry feet Tafte, almoft like to Sugar or Honey. In the midft of each Flower is a long white Stile or Pointel, forked or divided at the end; and fix white Chives tipt with yellowifh Pendents, ftanding clofe about it: after the Flowers are paft, fix-{quare.Seed- Veffels appear, anding upright, winged as it were, or welted on the edges, yet feeming but three-fquare, bécaufe each couple of thofe welted edges are joined neo together. In thefe Pods or Veffels are contain- ed broad, flat and thin Seeds, of a pale brownifh co- lor; like unto other Lillies, wuch greater and thicker alfo. The Stalk of this Plant does fometimes grow flat, two, three or four Fingers broad, and then bears many more Flowers, but then rage $ they are Smaller than when it bears round Stalks. Sometimes it happens that the Stalk is divided at. the top, carry- ing two or three Tufts of green Leaves, without any Flowers on them: and fometimes likewife it bears two or three Heads or Crowns of Flowers (as we have before hinted at {e&t. 2. above) upon one Stalk; this is not often feen, but when it happens, it is meerly accidental. The whole Plant, and every toad there- & Roots, Leaves and Flowers do fmell fomewhat
CHAP. CLXXVIIL Of CUCUMBER Garden.
LL’ HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Chathé
Common Garden Cucumber. 2. Cucumis Anginuws, The long Snake-like or Serpentine Cucumber. 3. Cucumis vel Cucumer fad some Pear-fafhioned Cu- cumber. 4. Cucumis vel Cucumer Hifpanicus, The Spanifh Cucumber.
rong, much like to the Scent of a ¥ox , which, if a- ny do but come near it, they cannot chufe but {mell
wa
IV. The Places. This Plant was firlt brought from Conowenrse into our Country among other ‘bulbous Roots, and. being made Denizons in our Gardens, they are now become Natives of our Land, where they thrive admirably well. SS: o/h \\
V. hag ia Peed —— aged and mae EELS w times in March, if the Weather is mild ; and the §H ; Wcun , Heads with Seed are ripe in the end of May and in 3k en abel ¢ Fune. Xt is quick in its Growth, but it {prings not
out of the Ground till the end of February or be-} III. The Defcriptions. The firft has e Root which ginning of Murch. is long and white, with divers Fibres adjoining to it, _ VL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, Vir-| from whence {pring forth many trailing rough green tues and Ufes, ate the fame with thofe of the White| Branches, lying on the Ground ; all along whereof and Orange-tawny Lilly, treated of in fome of the] grow feveral Leaves, which are rough, broad, une- following Chapters, to which you are referred. ven at the edges, and ponies at the ends, with long
VIL Obferv. 1. To obtain the true color of the} crooked twifting Tendrels or Clafpers, coming forth Howers of this noble Plant : Take Sap-berries, and] at the fame Foint with the Leaf, but on the other fide
lay them in fteep in a proportional quantity of fair] thereof. Between the Stalks and the Leaves, at the ‘Water for sae ees, and mix a little Saffron in| Foints, come forth Elowers feverally, each franding on a fhort Foot-ftalk, opening it felf into five Leaves, of a yellowifh color ; at the bottom of which Pes 3 Lhe
ZA
limne or illumine the Flower wi
|
De i i le a ee led
Salmon’s
254
LLL LL LLL LLL LL LLL LLL LLL LLL LL LLL LLL LLL tt, the Fruit, long, and green at firft, but when it is| the middle of Apri/, or fomething fooner, (if the
through ripe, a little yellowifh, baving many Fur- rows and uneven Bunchings out the whole length of it, with long yellowifh white flat Seed, lying dif/per- Sed in Rundles as it were, and very regularly thro’ its whole Subftance. The inward Pulp or Subftance is clear-or through fhining, which together with the Seed is eaten a little before they be fully ripe: of this Cucumber there is the fhorter, which is of an
equal bignefs in the body thereof, and the longer, of | Bank or Bed with Mats or fome other warm Co-
an unequal bignefs at both ends ; and a very long one, which is near a foot in length: there is alfo the early kind, ca//ed the French kind, which are the worft of all, and the Dantisk kind, which bears but Small Fruit, growing on fhort Branches or Runners, of which kind the Cucumbers we ufually Pickle are.
IV. The fecond, or Long Serpentine Cucumber, bas a Root much like the former, having long trailing Branches, Tendrels and Leaves, (tho leffer ) much like the former. The Fruit, fays Gerard, is very long, (and fomething twining, like a Serpent or Snake.) which (fays be) were at firft made by Art and Manuring, and were afterwards fo brought forth by Nature : for at firft, when the Fruit was fmall and little, it was put ol hollow Cane, or other like thing made of purpofe, in which the Cucumber did grow, and that in length according as the Cafe it was enclofed in would permit it. It grew long by reafon of the narrow Hollownefs in which it was en- clofed, which being filled up, it encreafed in length. The Seeds of this kind 3 Cucumber being fown, bring forth not fuch as.it were before this Application of Art, but fuchas thefe aré which Art has framed, which now of their own Growth are long, and often- times very crookedly turned , whence came the Name Anguini, or Long Cucumbers. —
V. The third, or Pear-like fafhioned Cucumber, has a fibrous or thready Root, from whence come ma- ny trailing Branches, lying flat upon the Ground, rough and prickly 5 whereon do fland at each Foint, one rough Leaf, fharp-pointed, and of an over-worn green color : among which come forth clafping Ten- drels, and alfo flender Foot-fialks, on which do grow
yellow Star-like Flowers :» the Fruit is-at firft green
and longifh, which coming to its bignefs, forms it-fel, much like to a Pear, greenifh on one fide, and of J whitifh green on the other, and is much about the largenefs a a great Warden: the Seed is long, flat and whitifh, like the other. *« ~ § VI. The fourth, or Spanith kind, : ( which were brought out of Spain firft to Strasb and. from thence to us) is a.rare.and beautiful Cucumber: it has a fibrous Root, from whence come forth rough and hairy trailing Branches, fet with very large rough Leaves, sharp-pointed, in Form like unto sd Leaves ‘of the great Bur-dock, but more cut in or divided : among which at the Foints.come forth up- on tender Foot-ftalks, fair, naked yellow Flowers , the which being paft, the Fruit comes in its place a foot in length, green onthe fide towards the Ground, and yellowifh on the Sunny si ftraked with many Spots and Lines of divers colors, whofe Pulp or Meat # hard and faft, like that of our Melon or Pom-
ion. : VIL. The Places. Thefe Cucumbers all grow in Gardens, not only in Exgland, but in-moft parts of the World, efpecially in all the more Southern Countries, where the Heat of the Sun makes them to grow and flourifh admirably well.
Vill. The Times. They are planted in April, and they are fit for eating in Fume, Fuly and Au- guft, and the Seed is fully ripe about the latter end of September.
» An Obfervation about Planting then. About
Lorbal..-- (ane
eather is warm) you muft make a Bed or Bank of hot and new Horfe-dung, taken trom the Stable, and not from the Dung-hill, of an Ell in breadth, and two feet and half in depth, but of what length you pleafe, accordingly as it may hold the quanti or numbers of the Seed you intend to ufe : this Bank you fhall cover with Hoops or long flender Sticks, fo bent and bowed, that you may cover the whole
vering, Straw, or the like, to keep it ftom the In- jury of cold frofty Nights, thar the Seeds which are planted or fown, may not be nipt : then fhall ou cover your Bed over with the beft and fatteft h, finely fifted thro’ a Wire Sieve, that it may be half a foot thick, in which you fhall fet or fow your Seed: this being done, caft your Swaw oro. ther Coverture over the fame, and fo let it ref without looking upon it, or taking away of your Covering, for the {pace of feven or eight days at moft ; for commonly in that {pace of time they thruft themfelves thro’ the Earth. Then muft you caft upon them, in the hotteft time of the day, fome Water which has ftood in the Houfe or-the Sung day before, or Water of which the Cold is juftta — ken off ; for otherwife, if the Water caft upon them is juft taken forth out of the Pump or Well, it will fo cool and chill them, being brought forth and nourifhed in‘ fuch a hot place, that — even in one day, you will have kill’d all your Plants: your Plants will not only be kill’d, but your Bank alfo will be chill’d and Joofe its Heat.
X. Obferv. 2. This is alfo to be noted, That — the young Plants muft every day when the Sun fhines warm, be opened and expofed to its Beams, and at Evening every Night they muft becovereda- gain ; this muft be done from time to time, fill — the Plants have four or fix Leaves apiece, and that . the Danger of the cold Nights and nipping Seafon is paft; then they muft be replanted with a greatdeal of Care, taking each Plant up with the Earth ftick- ing to its Root, and they muft be placed as neat as may be in the moft fruitful and fat Soil ; andin that part of the Garden which is moft fheltred from Cold and piercing Winds, and where the San fhines — warmeft. Now, you muft alfo obferve, Thatupon — this Replantation, you muft cover them with fome thin Mats or Wifps of Straw, propped up with forked Sticks or fome fuch-like thing ; and this, thing is to be done every Night, to keep themfrom” the Cold of the Night, and fometimes im the Day- _ time, to keep them from the too great Heat of the Sun ; otherwife, tho’ you have brought your Work thus far on, all your Labor may be jolt: for they cannot, whilft they be young and newly planted, endure either over-much Cold or over-much Heat, till they be well rooted and fixed in this their new Habitation. 2
Sometimes it falls out <7
XI. Obferv. 3. — are rig a than ict and ae o commonly rife up v , with long Necks, not much eahiente the Stalk of a {mall Mufbroom of a Night old. This naked Stalk you muft cover with the like fine Earth, even up green Leaves: you muft alfo have that re your-hot Bank, fo to place it, ‘that by its Si it may be defended fiom the North, North Eaft Winds. If thefé Inftruétions be carefully ferved, you never will have caufe to complain your Seeds were not good, not your Clime too or intemperate, by reafon of which you tho
fruftrated in having of Fruit, but if hard, plump, firm and fruitful, tho’ in the moft land. ;
fie
7
Chap. 178. Engh Berks. 255
XU. The Qualities. They are all cold and moift in the fecond Degree: Aperitive, Diuretick, Stoma- tick, Alterative, and highly Antifcorbutick.
XIU The Specification. \t cures the Scurvy, and prevails againft Heat of Urine.
XIV. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice of the Fruit. 2. An Ef- fence of the fame. 3. The green¥ruit 4. Pottage. 5. A Lotion orWafb 6. A diftilledWater 7. The Seed. %. Pickled Cucumbers. 9. Pickled hes the.
Mango fafhion.
tho’ the Skin is filled with Pimples, Rubies, Scurtt, Morphew, Herpes, Tettars, Kingworms, and other like Breakings out.
XIX. The Lotion or Wath. Be ftrong White Wine Vinegar a quart, Fuice of Cucumbers a pint, Orrice- Root in fine flower or pouder, Flowers of Sulpbur, or Sulphur in fine pouder , of each an ounce: Camphir in. Sine pouder baif an ounce, beaten with four blanched Almonds ; Jeiee se eight yaeare Jomene seas Oehoeapies cut thro the middle: put all thefe into a ftrong double Glafs, hake them together very fron ly, and fet it in the Sun or an equivalent Sand beat for 2 or 14 days. This does not only help red and fiery Faces, but alfo takes away Pimples, Kubies, Freckles, Lentils, yel- low Spots, Scurtf, ahagpes: Herpes, Te Ring- worms, Tanning, Sun-burning, and all other Defor- mities of the Face and Skin. The Face or Skin ought fitft to be wafhed pure and. clean with fair warm Water, to open the Pores thereof, and then to be’ dried with a Cloth ; and then as foon as that is done, this Wath is to be ufed and laid on, and. fo to be fuffered’ to dry in of it felf, without wi- ping away. It is to be ufed Morning arid Night, and always during the whole time of eating the a- bove prefcribed. Pottage.
XX. The diftilled Water. It is good to cool the hot Diftemper of the Liver and Blood, to quench thirft, cool the Heat of Fevers, and take away the DrynefS. and Roughnefs of the Tongue. It is good againft the Heat of the Reins, as.alfo the Sharpnefs, Scalding and Stoppage of Urine. Outwardly ufed, it cools Inflammations, helps Blood-fhot and Red- nefs of the Eyes, cleats, cools and fmooths the Skin, and is good againft moft Deformities thereof, being often:applied thereto.
XXL. The Seed made into an Emulfion with the diftilled Water. \t wonderfully cools the Heat of the —— takes away the Scalding and ee nefs of Urine ; and that Pain which is caufed by the Application of Cantharides in Epifpafticks, or Bliftring-plafters; which fometimes, by their lying on too long, caufe piffing of Blood, and almoft the greateft Extremity , thefe ill Accidents this Medi- cine fuddenly and eafily cures, &c.
XXII Pickled Cucumbers. There are various ways of pickling Cucumbers, which we have taught in: our Doron Medicum lib. 2. cap.19. felt. 14, 15. and other ways in fome other of our Books: but this following is beft. Takea thoufand Eng/ifh Cu» cumbers, wipe them very clean with a dry Cloth,
The Virtues.
XV. The liquid Fuice. et is expreffed from the Cucumber, either ripe, or almofb ripe, or unripe, as they are moft fit to beeaten. It opens, is cool and cleanfing, —— Urine, and opens the Obftruéti- ons of the Breft, Lungs, Liver and Reins, and takes: away Inflammations of thofe Parts. It helps Heat, SharpnefS and: Scalding of Urine. Dofe from 1 to. 3. Ounces twiceaday. Outwardly applied, it makes ‘the Skin fmooth and fair: and being taken for fome confiderable time, it perfe€tly cures the Scurvy ina hot Habit of Body.
VI. The Effence. ¥t has all the Virtues of the former, but not full out focold', for which Reafon this may be taken: by it felf} from rn to 3 ounces or more ; whereas the other ought to be taken mixed. with Ale or White Port Wine. It is an excellent
efpecially of alli fuch as proceed’ from. Inflammation, | and lay them in a Stone Pot or Jar, with. Fezne/ and violenv Heat and Fevers, of what kind foever. It) Di//, and Cloves of Garlick, lay upon lay : upon was not without fome Reafon that the Children of} which put boiling hot this Pickle. Take the Pett
i in the Wi . | White Wine Vinegar four Gallons ; falt Brine (made
fo {trong as it may bear an Egg ) fix quarts ; choice Brandy, or Sugar Spirits three quarts ; white Pepper ‘bruifed: three ounces; Cloves flit, Mace, of each half an ounce: having ftood a day, ftop them clofe up; and. they will be fit to eat in about a Weeks time. After three Weeks or a Month draw off or decant the Pickle, which boil, fcum and put to the Cucumbers again, and fo nao them for ufe. This isthe ufual Method. But Experience has told me, 1. That there is no need of drawing off, and boil- ing the Pickle at _ for the Brandy or Sugar Spi- rits are a futticient Prefervative of it. 2. That the firft adding: of the Brandy or Spirits ought to be af- ter the boiling of the Pickle, when you are juft a going to put it - the Cucumbers. Thefe pickled Cucumbers ently ftrengthen the Stomach, re-
fift the Scurvy, and caufe a good Appetite. XXII. Pickled Cucumbers after the Mango fa- fhion. Take Cucumbers which are pretty large, but fuch as are very.hard and green ; ro them clean, flit them on one fide, and take out a depois i roy mi
, pieces, and it as- Herbs to the Pot, and ftew
h the fame in a Pipkin (or Stew-pan ) with a
'* — of Mutton, (Beef, Veal, Lamb, or other lefh,) adding in the ftewing
Meal, to give it the Confiftence: of Pottage : \ Ge-
rard. This may be made favory with a little Salt, and if you fo pleafe you may alfo add to it the Juice > > 90 an e, to make it grateful, of which you "may eat from half a pint to a pint, or a good Por-
. Poot Monte as much at Dinner, and the fame again at. Eaten in this manner for the {pace of three Bee aeetes, rs Intermiffion, it will perfe&tly cure all man- tes Lan piled ge Faces, red ning Nofes, (tho? as red as red Rofes))
by : ie
ae...
256
Si ee 7 _ middle Pulp; and put in, in the place thereof, three| pointed, of an over-worn greyifh green, fometbing
- when yoit fee the Cucumbers green enough, take
- enough to bear up an Fes three pints or better; not
Salmon’s
Herbal. ‘Libs,
or tour or more Cloves of Garlick, a flice of Gin-| whitifh underneath, little or nothing divided or part
ger, and half a dozen or more of Pepper Corns, on- ly crackt into three or four pieces ; which done, tye them up with a Thread: then take the beft White Wine Vinegar as. much as will cover them, adding what Salt you think fit, with Pepper, Gin- ger, Cloves and Mace ,; make this Pickle juft boil; and put it upon your Cucumbers boiling hot: repeat the boiling the next day, and pour it on horas be- fore. After this take a well glazed Stone Pot; ‘in- to which put your Cucumbers, laying them {mooth and well one by one, and then having put to every. gallon of Pickle a pint ure Lime Juice, not a- dulterated, put it upon cumbers, which cover, and let them ftand over a Thoderate Fire till the Li- quor is fcalding hot, taking care that it may not boil :
them out and put them into a Stone Jar, placing them one by one very {fmooth and well: this done, when the Pickle is cold, you may add to it to every gallon thereof, a quart of Brandy or Spirit of Wine, and half'a pint of whole Mu/terd Seed tyed up loofe ina Rag. Note, Some, in making of the Pickle, take pure White Wine Vinegar, to a gallon of which they add Lime Juice a quart, {alt Brine ftrong
putting in-any other Salt: with this they proceed as before is dire€ted ; and at the laft add the afore- faid proportion of Spirit of Wine, which makes an abfolute and fingular Pickle, and fo good, as will keep your Cucumbers all the Year round. ‘Thefe are more Stomatick than the former, more grateful to the Pallate, caufe a good apenas, refift. the Scur- vy, and have all the good Properties of the former, with many other Advantages.
CHAP. CLXXIX.
of CUCUMBER Wild.
I. HE Maes: It is. called in. Greek, Zhevs fs
déyex@ : in Latin, Cucumis & Cucumer agre-
fis, and in the Shops, -Afininus, Cucumis Syloefiris |
Matthioli, Tragi, Dodonai , alfo by fome, Noli me
tangere, (becaufe of the fpirting of them, if rudely | ~
handled, when ripe: ) .in Englifh, Wild Cucumber, Spirting Cucumber, and Touch me not.
Il. The Kinds. It is a Species of Cucumbers, the Wild fort, but a fingular Plant of the kind.
Ill. The Infpiffate Fuice, is the Juice of the Fruit, or rather a Feew/a thereof, which being dry- ed, is called almoft in all places throughout Exrope, Elaterium: Pliny, lib.20. cap. 1.- The Greeks call it alfo, saariews ab eratve, Impellere, flimulare, infti- gare, pungere ; which is as much as to fay, to im- pel, ftir up, or force violently, to purge vebemently, and therefore Eveterium eft medicamentum vebemen- ter purgans. Gaza in his Tranflation of Theopbra-
fiw calls it, Agitatorium. *Tis doubtlefS one of] and) other untill’d places, where cafting its See
the ftrongeft of all Purgers.
IV. The Defcription. It bas a Root white and|in the Low Countries, and thro’ moft firm, thicker and fhorter than any, al fone of = it grows only in Gardens. r
d or Cucumber bas, having withal fome ad- sia dilede : parts | the Ground all the Winter, if it ftands 1
of the Plant. From this Root {pring forth many\the Ground is rich ; but in cold
joining Fibres, very bitter, as are all the et
ed at the edges. At the Foints between the Branches and the Leaves Jpring forth fmall pale yellow Flow. ers, opening into five Leaves, at the end of {mall -
green Heads for the moft part, as all other kinds of
Cucumbers, Gourds, &c. do: but fuch as have Flowers only, without fuch Heads, quickly fall away,
without Fruit. For that green Head, as in allo thérs, comes in time to be the Eruit, which is fmall,
rough, long and round, and fomething of a greyifh
green when they are ripe. The Foot-ftalks pi
which the Cucumbers grow, are fhort and rough,
crooked withal, and bend the Fruit downwards, which
when they are throughly ripe, with-avery little touch, will quickly open at the end next the Stalk, and fpirt Faces, or other Parts of thofe who touched it. The but otherwife white, lying in a green pak rst which is very bitter and loathfome to the’ T
touched, tho never fo gently ; and many times it firikes fo bard, efpecially if it bits againft the Face’ or Eyes, that it will {mart for a pretty while after;
ing of the Seed came the Name of Noli me tangere.
Z
; y
AA F 7 Ait ile ~ ‘ii : TM Dy
el
se! . a
pt
V. The Places. .In- Italy, Spain and othet Countries, itis found among Rubbifh, Gravel,
multiplies it felf} and.eafily {prings up agit Pera The Times. ‘The Root many times abidesi
juicy, fat, hairy, rough trailing Branches, ff eading | where it is not defended, it is apt to per he
hemfelves over the Surface of the Earth, like to o-\ Year: where the Root dies not, it comes up: piceruihdia or Gourds, on which grow very rug- | Spring but if it {prings from the Seed in. ged, rough, bairy and ill-colored green Leaves, fharp-| May, it flowers in June and July ,
._ ee Se
i i fe abe a) Don.
out its Fuice and fome 23 its Seed upon the Hands or” Seed when ripe is blackifh and fomething rugged, afte. The
Fruit when it is perfetly ripe, fquirts forth its Wa- ter with the Seeds, either of its own accord, or being —
but this Smarting arifes purely from the Acrimonious real of the Fuice. And from this voluntary fpirt-
‘ .
it -
“5
Ms % , it, + bg ; “yk
is ufually ripe in Auguft, at which time the E/ate- rium: is alfo made of it.
VII. The Qualities. The whole Plant is hot and dry in the third Degree; Aperitive, Abfterfive, bitter ‘in Tafte, and wafting away. Galen will have the Juice to be hot bur in the fecond Degree, cleanfing, and of thin parts: it purges watry Humors, and is certainly the beft Cathartick in the whole Repub- lick of ‘Medicine
VU. The Specification. Elaterium is a peculiar Medicament for the Cure of Dropfies.
IX. The Preparations. You may have herefrom, 1,4 % Fuice of the Leaves. 2. A liquid Fuice of the Root. 3. An Errbine of the Fuice of the Leaves or Root. 4. A liquid Fuice of the Fruit. 5. A Syrup of the Fuice of. the Roots or Fruit. 6. An Infufion of the Root. 7. A Vinegar of the Root. 8. A Decoltion of the Root. 9. A Pouder of the Root. 10. An Eletluary of the Root. 11. An Oil of the Root. 12. A Cataplafm of the Root. 13...A Subfii- tution of the Root. 14. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. 15. A Cataplafm of the Leaves with Goats-dung. 16. Elaterium Viride, Green Elaterium, or the In- Spiffate Fuice of the Fruit. 17: Elaterium album vel optimum, White Elaterium, or. the Foecula of the a of the Fruit. 18. The diftilled Water.
The Virtues. X. The Liquid Fuice of the Leaves. Dropped
into the Ears, it eafes them of the Pains and Noifes therein, and very much prevails againft Deafnefs :
- bathed upon the Skin, it takes away Freckles, Len-
tils, Difcolorings, yellow Spots, Scurff, Morphew, Tettars, Ringworms, x and other Deformities thereof, ufed Morning and Evening for fome time.
XI. The liquid Fuice of the Root. It is good a- gainft the Falling-ficknefs and Kings-evil, put into the Noftrils, and taken inwardly alfo; and the Stru- matick Swellings being daily Morning and Evening bathed therewith, it provokes the Terms, but is not to be given to Women with Child, becaufe it is apt to deftroy the Fruit in the Womb. It purges vif- cous and watry Humors, and that ftrongly; and therefore it is ufed in Clyfters. It has alfo all the Virtues of the Juice of the Leaves, as to external Difaffetions, if it is applied in like manner. Be- ing taken from 2 to 4 drams in any convenient Ve- hicle, it prevails againft the rk and the yellow Jaundice, and opens all Obftructions of the Liver and Spleen, powerfully evacuating Water.
XIl. The Errbine made of the Fuice a Leaves or Roots. It is made by mixing 2 me of the Juice with 1 part of Water in which Nitre is diffolved. Some make it by mixing the Juice 2 parts, with Milk 1 part. Snuft up the Noftrils it cures an Epi- lepfy, as alfo an inveterate Megrim or Head-ach ; for it wonderfully purges the Head and Brain from Excrements, and cures a ftinking Breath coming from the Noftrils; and is a prevalent Medicine a- seainkt Lethargies, Carus, Sleepinefs and Apo-
exies. - .
r XIU. The liquid Fuice of the Fruit. \t has all the Virtues of the Juice of the Leaves and Roots, and may be ufed in the fame manner to all thofe Intentions ; but it is much more powerful, as being more Acrimonious, and therefore is to be ufed ina fnaller Dofé. And an Errhine, may be alfo made of as he Juice of = cee zone ery be
neficial and potent to all th e Purpo i ftronger than is Prin:
Juice of Beets or Prim-
tb K yrup of the Fuice of the Roots or Fruit. od againfi . aundice
ve a ing OF
Fr ™ Come * "A oe ge hee von 1) ..e a ee Se - =
~~ « =7 * a) a
all eed cata former Oil, it gives great vey the Gout and Sci-
chiefly Flegm and Water, by which it gives a ge- neral Relief to the whole Body, and fo prevails a- gainft Head-achs, Apoplexies, Epilepfies, “ae Lethargy, Vertigo and Madnefs. It is good agai Surfeits and Agues, and kills Worms in the Body. The Dofe is from a fpoonful to 2, 3 or 4, in the Morning fafting, mixed with a Glais of warm Pof- fet-drink or White-wine : if it is acuated with choice Sena, it will be much more powerful and ef- ficacious to all the Intentions and Purpofes before enumerated. ay
XV. The Infufion of the Root. Take of the frefh or green Root well bruifed a pound, put it into a
int and half of ftrong White Port Wine, in which
et it infufe for 24 hours or more. Dofe 3 ounces, for three or four days together, or until the Hydro- pick Swelling is plainly difcerned to be very much wafted and fallen. This is Diofcorides his Medicine, for curing the Dropfy ; which thing (fays he) it ye any Sipe of the Stomach.
XVI. The Decottion of the Root. It may be made in Wine or Water, or with a Mixture of both.
This being drunk (fays Me/ve) helps the Dropfy, ©
for it wonderfully evacuates watry Humors, and
revails againft the Yellow Jaundice, and all Ob- Feruétions of both Liver and Spleen. This Decofti- ofi gargled in the Mouth, and held therein for fome time, gives prefent Eafe in the Tooth-ach.
XVI. The Vinegar of the Root. If the Root is infufed or boiled in ftrong Vinegar, and that Vinegar is bathed upon the Skin two or three times a day, it is good to cure Tettars, Ringworms and a fimple Hi as alfo to cure Scurff and Morphew, and to cleante the Skin of all Difcolorings, as Yellownefs, Tawninefs, Freckles, Lentils, and other Spots of that kind.
XVIII. The Pouder of the Root. Smufft up the Noftrils, it is a good Errhine to puree and cleanfe the Head and Brain of cold moift and vifcous Hu- mors, which caufe the Head-ach, Megrim, Vertigo, Lethargy, Apoplexy, Epilepfy, Palfy, &c. Diofcori- des fays, that being applied to the Skin or Face, it cleanfes it from all Scurff, and takes away the Dif coloring of Scarrs. Inwardly taken, toa fcruple or half'a dram, mixt with Cream of Tatftar, it kills Worms, . purges the Bowels, and carrys off flimy Humors.
XIX. The Elefyary of the Root. It is made of the Pouder mixt with Honey. Taken inwardly, from a dram to two drams, according to Age and Strength, in the Morning fafting, it purges Flegm, Choler and watry Humors, and abates the febelli- ous Ferment of the King’s-evil: it cleanfes and heals old Sores and Ulcers, being ufed Plaifter-wife, cleanfing them throughly, and wonderfully healing them. Applied upon a Herpes, Tettar or Ring- worm, or other like Breakings out, or put upon a Deformity or Scar, does attenuate the Skin, attra forth the malign Juices, and heal thofe Breakin out; taking away alfo Maiks, Spots, Blacknefs an
BlewnefS coming upon the Skin and Flefh by Cone
tufions and Blows.
XX. The Oil of the Root. It is made of the bruifed Root ot of its Juice, by Infolation, or boil- ing in Oil Olive. Anointed often upon the Temples, it is faid to cure an inveterate Megrim, an Errhine
of the Juice, being fiufft alfo up the Noftrils. A- ‘nointed well upon the Hip and Huckle-bone Morn-
ing and Evening, for half an hour together, it eafes the Pain of the Sciatica, &e.
XXI. The Cataplafm of the Root. Et may be made either of the Root bruifed, &c. or of the Juice of the Root brought toa thicknefS, with Pouder of
e-roots. Applied after anointing with the atica ;
=
259
atica; difeuffes Tumors arifing from fimple Con- tufions, abforbs acid Humors Sorkin in the Skin and Scarf-skin, and takes away Deformities there- of, as Scurff, Morphew, Leprofy, YellownefS, and other Difcolorings of the Skin.
XXII. The Subftitution of the Root. Apotheca- ries, a EL Pas, on, do moft ufually take the Root of this Wild Cucumber, asa Subftitute for the Root of Cologuintida or the bitter Gourd, that not being fo “aes fo eafy to be had as this is.
. The iii of the Leaves. It has all the Virtues of the Cataplafn of the Root, but not full out fo effe&tual, becaufe the Leaves have not the fame Strength with the Root: yet, notwithftand- ing, it is an excellent thing for the Purpofes intend- ed, exceeding many other things of like kind. It Cleanfes the Skin from Diftolorings and many other Deformities.
XXIV. The Cataplafm of the Leaves with Goats- Dung. If it is laid upon any hard Tumors, Swel- lings or Kernels, fuch as are thofe of the Kings- Evil, it refolves them; and alfo eafes Pains of the Gout in what part of the Body foever ; and refifts the Putrefa€tion of malign Ulcers.
has the Virtues of the sg ing but not full out fo ftrong, and therefore may be given in double Dofe to it, viz. from 6 grains to 20 or 24, in any convenient Vehicle. *Tis, notwithftanding its being weaker than the following, a moft noble Medica-
ment.
XXVI. Elaterium album, The white or common Elaterium, which is indeed the ftrongeft and beft. It is thus made: Take Wild Cucumbers almoft ripe, open them with a Knife upwards, prefS out the Juice gently with your fore be let it run thro’ a Sieve into a clean glaz’d Veflel, fet it fettle, and decant the clear Water into another Veffel : then dry the Settlings in the Sun, and in a Jar-Glafs,
ed clofe over with a Bladder, keep the Evaterium ir Ufe. See our Pharmacopeia Londinenjis, lib. 1. cap. 6. fet. 33. If you pleafé, you may keep the clear Water for Unguentum Artanita. Some Au- thors fay, that this E/eterium will keep two hun- dred Years, and yet be of wonderful Virtue, Vix Credo: others, as Paracelfws, fay it retains its Vir- tues well fifty Years, at which Age it will be fo a- bundant in Humidity, that put to the Flame ofa Lamp or Candle, it will put it out: but Diofcorides fays it is good from two Years old until ten, and that that is the beft which being put to the Flame of a Candle, will make it burn the more bright. Theophraftus his Elaterinm is green, ( which is, as I fuppofe, the former Infpiffate Juice of the Cucum- ber: ) Diofcorides his Elaterium is white, which is the Fecula of the Juice, as is taught in this SeCtion, and this is that which Me/we fays is the beft. The
Salmon’s Herbal.
Lib. I
green will continue moift many Years, after it is e- vaporated and dryed up hard, relenting or giving with the Air, fo that it requires a long time to con. fume its Humidity ; whereas the white fort bej once dryed, will remain white, hard and dry for a great number of Years, unlefs it is left open in a moift Air, or ftand in a moift place. This white Elaterium works very well, being given from 1 to 5 grains, in {trong Bodies ; Authors fay it may be given As 10 grains. mite fays, that a in being put into a purging Medicine, to quicken ties pr = been feen to trouble the Scomach, with very much difquiet, and vomiting, and worki alfo downwards with more Violence it could be thought that double the quantity could do. Diof- corides fays the Dofe is from half an Obolus toa whole Obo/us. Now, the Obolus is 10 grains, or 12 at the moft, as fome take it; which fhews the large Dofes which the Ancients gave of this Medicine, which we dare fcarcely follow. It purges Choler and Flegm from all parts of the » and drives forth watry Humors to a Miracle, being an extraor- di _ to open the Pipes of fuch as are Purfy and fhort Winded ; and is indeed a Specifick for the Cure of the Dropfy, efpecially of that kind cal- i Sarcites or rege ch = gi it for urging, it ma iven mixt wi ilk, or rather Cream, becaufe the fer it to ftick to the Tunicles of the $ but caufe it to purge off the more fpeedily. If you would have it to Vomit, Dio/corides advifes to dif- folve it in Water, and with a Feather dipt therein, to touch the lower part of the To as low as youan; but in my Opinion, it is much better to
; | take the whole Dofe down into the Stomach. Itis
a prevalent thing againft the Megrim, Head-ach, Caine Lethargy, Vertigo, Apoplexy, Epilepfy, be- ing ufed fometimes as an Errhine, diffolved in Wa- ter or Milk ; and fometimes taken inwardly to both
Vomit and Purge. And thus taken, it is faid alfo to cure the Ki il, the Parts ing a- rointed likewife with it outwardly. It pro
the Courfes in Women where they have been long ae and very much prevails againft the Green- ficknefS in Virgins. {t is fo ftrong and forcible, that it is faid to kill the Child in the Womb, fo thata Woman Impregnated muft by all means avoid it; but this is more efpecially to be underftood, applied in a Peffary or Ointment to the Womb. It cures the Gout in any Part, by its ftrong Cathartick Faculty, carrying off the tartarous, vifcous or clam- my Humors from the Joints, which breed it. The common Dofe*is 4 gr. i. adv. and to he ftrong a a er. = ad a well ra eo — icknard, Anifeeds, Liquorice-pouder, &c. Ita Atthma’s, Tautitics. Ee Hypochondriack Melancholy. Mixed with helps the Quinfey and Gout, and clears the Skin of Scurff, Morphew, Tettars, Ringworms, Mange, Itch, Pufhes, Scabs, and other like Deformities. ; XXVIII. The diftilled Water from Roots or Fruit. If to rte quart of it you add an ounce of fine Ni- tre, diffolving it over a gentle Heat ; it becomes an
excellent Cofmetick to beautify and clear the Skin
of any Deformity, being two or three times a day
or oftner laid on, and fuffered to dry in, after it iS
firft well cleanfed with fair warm Water.
Wath is alfo an excellent thing againft an Eryfipela or Anthony’s-fire, the Parts aftetted being bathed therewith, and Cloths wet therein being laid on,
and fo fuftered to dry upon-the Part. It abates In
flammations, and being given inwardly, (well yee Pe
ned with white Sugar ) it cools and abates the molt violent Heat of Fevers. Parts aftetted with the
Gout, being well bathed therewith Morning nd
ofity thereof will not fafs _
Gall and applied, it,
Chap. 180, Bagh Herbs
259
Evening, (after due and fufficient Purging ) are pre- | from whence rife up one, two or three Stalks, fet
fently eafed of their Pains after a fingular manner.
Given inwardly from t ounce to 4, well fweetned
with white Sugat, it purges well by Urine; carries
off Water in Dropfies, prevails againft the Scurvy
in a hot Conftitution, helps the Strangury, and ex-
ee Sand, Gravel, Slime, or any kind of Tartarous atter,
thick on all fides with long and narrow whitifh er woolly Leaves, almoft from the bottom of the Stalk up tothe top: with every Leaf fiands a mall Flower, of a dun or brownifh yellow color, but not fo yellow as in fome others ; in which Heads, after the Flow- ets aré fallen, come fmall Seed, enclofed in the Down, and which, when perfetied, 1 carried away
with the Wind.
c/ My Z We AY Wa (Zz Wy — dl WZ — Wy f} om J ¥ ’ SATE /,
\\ BIKA
Ms f
CHAP. CLXxX. of CUDWEED Common, OR, COTTONWEED.
1 T HE Names. Itis called in Greek, Tragdasoy in Latin, Ganaphalium, Centunculus, Cen- tuncularis, Tomentum,Tomentaria, Tomentitia, Cotto- naria, Bombax bumilis, Albinum, Chamexylon Plinii and cs :_in Englifh, Cudweed or Cottonweed.
Il. Kinds. Thete are four principal forts of
Cudweed, 1. The Common, of which in this Chap: ter. 2. Gnaphalium Impium, Wicked Cudweed, of which in Chap. 181. 3. Gwapbalium Marinum; five Cottonaria, Sea Cudweed or Cottonweed, of which in Chap. 182. 4. Gnaphalium Americanum, American Cudweed, of which in Chap. 183. __ UL Of the Common kind there are, 1. Grepha- lium vulgare majus Fohannis Thalii, Gnaphalium Anglicum folio longiore Lobelii, Englifh Cudweed. 2. Gnaphalium. minus, Filago minor, Dodonei, Gna- phalium vulgare minus, Gnaphalium medium Tabern- montani, The Vulgar or Common leffer Cudweed.
V. The fecond, or Leffer Cudweed, has a fibrous Root, a like the former , from whence fhoots forth fmall hoary Stalks, full of Branches almoft from the very Ground, swith divers fmaller, fhorter and narrower Leaves thereon, of a more dusky boa-
color, like fine Cotton or Wooll , fome fianding bath. and fome more at a Space or foint: the Flowers hereof ftand at the tops of the Stalks and Branches only, and not all along, as in fome of the other kinds, one Branch above another, but all of them rifing almoft to an even height, and are of an overworn yellow color : it grows commonly about ning or ten inches bigh, feldom to a foot, unlefs in choice Ground. The Flowers are yellow, and grow like Buttons at the tops of the Stalks, and the Seéd is carried away with the Wind.
VI. The Places. They both grow in barren, dry, fandy and gravelly Grounds in moft places of Exg: land : the firft has been found growing in Hamp- fiead Wood, and in Woods near to Deptford, by London.
VIL. The Times. They flower in Fune, Fuly and siones? ; and their Seed is ripe in a little tinie after.
VIL. The Qualities. They are tempetate in re- fpett of Heat or Cold, but dry in the third Degree ; ’ and therefore very Aftringent, Hepatick, and withal Anodyne.
IX. The Specification. They are pease againtt Catarrhs, Fluxes of the Bowels, Profufions of Blood
nae ots Bene X. The
never be troubled with that Difeafe again. And for
260 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1. cc nnn Ea aaa aannES anna an CunEnNDEEEnE ness weeds, Wicked Cudweed the leffer. 2. Gnapbaij- um majus generis minoris, Filago major, Herba im-
ia major, Gnapbalium impium major, The greater f fer Cudweed, Wicked Cadweat the
_ X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decotit- on in Wine, 4. A Powder. 5. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues:
XI. The Aquid Fuice. Taken inwardly to an ounce or more, mixed with a Glafs of Red Port Wine, or in fome other proper Vehicle, it {tops a- ny inward Bleeding : it cleanfes old and filthy Ul- cers, and caufes them quickly to heal. Taken in Wine, or in Milk, ‘it is (as Pliny fays) a foveraign Remedy againft Heat and Swellings in the Throat, and that which is vulgarly called the Quinfey : and he farther fays, That whofoever fhall take it fhall
fort of the | greater.
drams in Red Port Wine, it prevails againft the| Stalk, fet with shorter Leaves than the former, but Bloody-flux, and eafés the Tortions of the Bowels|/omewhat more white or hoary, and a little broader, coming thereby : it ftops the overflowing of the] at the tops whereof fland a larger and more Terms, and heals Wounds whether inward or out-| Flower than in the rwo others, and of a paler yellow ward, being made into an Ele€tuary with the liquid] color : from the fides of this Stalk [pring forth die Juice, and fo ufed. This Pouder being either drunk | vers faort Branches, fet with fuch like, but fmaller or injefted up the Inteftinum Reum, mixed with | Leavesthan thofe which grow below, with fuch a like Red Pore, cures the Difeafe called Tena/mus, which | yellow Flower as the other 5 which Branches, with is an often Provocation of going to Stool and doing | their Flowers, do always rife bigher than the mddle nothing. Stalk, and the Flower upon it : fometimes alfo
XV. The Cataplafm. It may be made either of | Branches will have other fmall Branches {pring j the green Leaves bruifed with a finall quantity of| them, bearing Leaves on them, and Flowers on ti Wine, or elfe of the Ponder of the Herb made into| top of each 5 thefe alfo rifing above the Branches. the Confiftence of a Cataplafin with the i Juice. | with their Flowers in the faid manner, thar the fir Being applied, it immediately ftops the Bleeding of | Branches did uato the main Stalk : the Seed follows Wounds, and in a fhort time afterwards cures them : | the Flowers ina om Bed, and is carried away with ra cleanfés, drys and heals all old and filthy | the Wind, as the reft are.
cers.
CHAP. CLXXXL of CUDWEED Wicked.
appear firft, are the loweft and bafeft, and are al- - ways overtopt »y other Flowers which come on younger IT. HE Names, It is called in Greek, Tragénty| Branches, an
- dvoatov, yragersoy pines zeeov * in Latin, Gna- —— impium , a minus: in Englifh,
icked Cudweed, Wicked Herb, Cudweed the leffer. Il. The Kinds. Of thefe there are two forts, 1. Gnapbalium minus, Herba impia, Gnapbalium Fuf- cbii, Mattbioli, Lobelii, Lugdunenfis, Aliorumque, Filago (a foliorum inufitata fuperbia) and sabe oe mat
go Anguilare, The leffer fort of the lefler
Chap. 183. Englifh Hel, ee
VI. The Times. They both Hower in Fu/y, and
the Seed is ripe in Augu/t.
VIE. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, Virtues and Ufes, are the fame with the Common Cudweed in Chap. 180. atoregoing, to which I referr
you.
CHAP. CLXXXIL of CUDWEED Sea,
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Tragénsov adaostov : in Latin, Gnapbalium Marinum, um Sylueftre flore oblongo Baubini : in Eng-
a Elichr lifh, $a Cudweed.
{{. The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant of the Sea kind , and is called for the moft part, Costonaria, ox Cottogweed : alfo Gnaphalium Maritimum tomento-
Sum.
ion] SS
.—
Zz BEEP << J KS : SOS
ETS
4 -_ . SERS
3 SF
— SWOR ays
Z
III. The Deftription. It has a long and woody Root, which perifbes not yearly, as feveral of the o-
ther forts do. ¥rom this Root rife up vgs doegh ove a
and se hoary white Stalks, feldom growing a handful or balf a foot bigh, fet thick with many fhort, flat and very white, foft and hoary or woolly ant
Jo hoary as tho they were notbing but Cotton, bearing
at their tops fmall hoary or cottony Heads, with a yellow Thrumb breaking out in their middle , thefe are the Flowers, which, at the tops of the Stalks, look like fmall round Buttons, of Color and Fafhion like to the Common Cudweeds. Within thefe Heads, in a downy Bed, the Seed zs contained, which is fome- what longer than the Seed of the others.
IV. The Places. It is found upon the Weftern Sea Coafts of Exg/and, in divers places. It is found growing alfo at a place called Merezey, fix Miles from Co/chefter, near the Sea fide. It has alfo been gathered upon the Sea Coafts of Wales.
V. The Times. It flowers from Fune to the end of Auguff, and the Seed is ripe in September.
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with the Exgli/h and Common Cudweed in Chap. 180. to which you are referred : yet it is thought by fome, who have made Tryal of both, that this Sea Czdweed is the ftronger and more effeCtual Medicament to all the Purpofes for which the Common is intended.
CHAP. CLXXXIIE Of CUDWEED American.
IL*S* HE Names. This Plant, as far as I can
learn, was wholly unknown to the Greeks ; yet modern Authors have given it this Gree& Name, "Agyvesxtun, Argyrocome, (i.e. Silver-leavd: ) in Latin it is called, Gnaphalium Americanum , and in Englifh, American Cudweed, alfo Live-long, and Life-everlafting.
Il. The Kinds. It isa fingular Plant of the kind : and is accounted one of the Species of Gnaphalium Carolus Clufius, from the Likenef$ of the Umbles or Tufts of Heads, tho’ they are greater and whitet than thofe of the other kinds of Cudweed ; all of which are of kin to the Golden Tufts. This Plant has been called by fome of our Exgli/h, Live-long and Life-everlafting, becaufe of the Durability or long Duration of their Flowers in their Bean.
iL The Defcription. Thzs Silver Tuft or Indian Cottonweed, bas Roots which are long, and black on the out fide, creeping very much under Ground: from whence {pring up many white Heads of Leaves, co- vered with a hoary Woollinefs, like Cotton, which rifing into hard, thick, round Stalks, contain Fis the Same Hoarine{s upon them, as alfo upon the long and narrow Leaves which grow thereon, more efpecially on the under fide; for the upper Sides are of a dark fhining green color. The Stalks are divided at the top into many {mall Branches, each of which have ma- ny Sealy, tufted Heads fet together, covered over with Cotton before their opening, and then parting one from another, abiding very white on the outfide when they are fully grown, but with a fmall yellow Thrumb in the middle of each Flower, which in time will turn into yellaw Down, apt to be blown away with every Wind.
IV. Gerard jays, that thés Plant is of greater Beauty than the reft, and has ftraight upright Stalks, three feet bighor more, covered with a molt foft and
fine Wooll, andin fuch a plentiful manner, that a
Man may with bis Hands take it from the Stalk in great quantity. This Stalk is befet with many long and narrow Leaves, green on the inner fide, and hoary on the other fide, fomewhat like in Form to Rofemary Leaves, but greater. The Flowers do grow at the tops of the Stalks in Bundles or Tufts, confifting of many {mall Flowers of a white color, and very double or compatt, or as it were confifting of little Silver Scales thruft clofe together, which do make the fame very double. When the Flower bas long flourifbed, and is grown old, then comes there, in the midft of the Flower, a certain brown yellow Thrumb, fuch as is in the midft of the Daify : which ‘Howers being gathered when they are young, may be hept in fuch manner as they were gathered, to wit, in fuch Erefonefs and good Color, for the {pace of a whole Year after, and that ima clofe Cheft or elfe- where # from this long keeping of sheir Fréfhne/s and Color; it was, that our Englith Gentlewomen called it Live-long, 9c, to which, on this occafton, it very aptly anfwers.
V. The
. eo =e
~ in feveral parts of the WVe/? Indies. 1 found it grow-
ie - ORD RRR tetas pe pees ce oe ae me % — 2 4 262 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I. eee ee ~ Il. Of the fingle bulbed Orchis, there is but one Species, viz. 1. Orchis pufilla odorata, feptima Cly-
fii, The fweet Musk Orchis. IV. Of the double bulbed, there are three 2 i=
V. ‘Ile Places. It grows plentifully in America,
ing in fome of the Southern parts of Carolina. It Tows naturally near unto the Mediterranean Sea, om whence it has been brought and planted in our Englifh Gardens. Baubinus fays, that it grows fre- quently in Brafil: but Clufius, who firft fer it forth by the Name of Argyrocome or Guaphalium Ameri= conum, had his Plants out of England. We have alfo had it brought to us out of Florida, fo that now it grows well-and plentifully with us, if Care be taken of it by a skilful Gardener.
VI. The Times. It flowers in June and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe in Augu/?.
VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of this, are the fame with the laft and the others aforegoing, and therefore referr you to Chap. 180. for full Satisfaction.
cies, viz. 2. Orchts alba odorata minor, Orchis ralis minor Lobelit, The leffer fweet Cullions, or Lady-Traces. 3. Orchis Frifia Litoralis Lobelii , Friezland Orchis or Lady-Traces. 4. Chamaorchis latifolia Zelandica, Orchis lillifolius Lobelii, Pfeudo Orchis Clufii, The dwarf Orchis of Zeland. V. Of the treble bulbed Orchis, there are alfo three Species, viz. 5. Triorchis alba odorata, and odorata major, Triorchis alba fpiralis Lobelii, The fweet Lady-Traces. 6. Triorchis lutea Leodie Orchis minor Leodienfis Lobelii , Lady-Tiscee ot Liege. 7. Triorchis lutea altera Gemme folio gla bro,, Triorchis lutea tertia Lobehi, Lady-Traces yellow, with fmooth Leaves.
cies, viz. 8. Orchis Radice repente, Small or Baftard Orchis.
CHAP. CLXXXIV.
of CULLIONS Sweet, OOR, LADY-TRACES.
IT HE Names. This Plant is called in Greek, "Ors dds: in Latin, Orchis odoratwus, Te- fpiculus odoratus, vel aromaticus , and in Englifh, Sweet Cullions, Sweet Orchis, Sweet Lady-Traces. Il. The Kinds. They are of the Kindred of the Orchis and Ordinis quinti, according to Parkinfon : of this Species he mae ie getgerap aes i, a thofe four principal kinds of thefe Sweet Cudii- d i 1. Thote eh one fingle a ‘rf pet hal, 3 the Stalk # not above four, . Thofe with two Tefticles. 3. Thofe with three > Pines with four Bulbs. 4. The Creeping thereon to the Flowers, which are of a white color,
or Baftard kind.
ler Leaves shooting forth, and bing next the Ground, La Ships 3 in Sef. 11.
¢ fame Fafhion with
, and almoft like unto a very Pye Plantane e or fix inches
times be fourfold, being round, and longer of the former Orchides, with Several foort Fibres”
ral very fad green fhining Leaves, like unto the
perifh in May. The flender Stalk, which iA and windeth it felf a little, rifes up in Auguft, fu
VI. Of the Creeping kind, there is one only Spe- |
XI. The fifth, or Greater fweet Lady-Traces, have triple bulb’d Roots, which by chance “7 ay than any
Springing out round about them, contrary to the M0- us of all the reft. From this Root come forth fevt-
Leffer Plantane, but Sharper pointed, which rifeup in September, afier the Stalk, with the Flowers, are withered, which do abide green all the Winter, and
;
/
_—_—_—
Chap.185. Enghifh Herbs. 263 Set for a great length, with many fmall, white and | tranfpire, digeft in a warm Balneo or Horfe-d Sweet Flowers, compaffing it round, and banging down | till he Matte i changed into a Rebicend & Blea round about it. 2 _ | Dyles then force it Strongly out with a Prefs, puts XIL. The fixth, or Lady-Traces of Liege, have a ting the expreffed Blood into a Balneo Vaporis, that triple bull’d Root, and Sometimes Quadruple round | by this Second Digeftion it may acquire a greater ae fe long, - much 4 poe in yt to ue ae $, and fome Faces may fettle; which continue nds o t er end tending downward in-| till the Blood’ becomes abfol tely ch d to the Ground, of code two are for the moft part tsp wich Ma ae
erfelt Red, which then t the ki f large, one fmall, out of which Several "sexes Fibres is 3 ace re ai
ecanting it : put this into a Glafs Alembick, and proceed. ‘The Leaves of this are fomewhat more like in Balneo ‘Vapori abfirat fome of the thin, clear unto thofe of a broad-leav'd Plantane,. but yet {maller | and limpid Water or Spirit, leaving the Bloody Ex. and narrower, three or four at the bottom of the| tra at the bottom of avery red color. This ad- Stalk, which otherwife is bare, and has none upon it;| mirably corroborates the Womb. and the Veffels and the Flowers are yellowifh, like the others, at the | and Inftruments of Generation, both in Man and top, one growing above another. .., | Woman : it is a Specifick to caufe Conce tion in XML. The feventh, or Yellow Lady-Traces with Women, to remove Barrennefs and caufe Pruitfut. fmooth Leaves, which has a Root compofed of three Small Bulbs, almoft perfettly round, the one ull, the other lank, from which {pring y fies er and {mootber Leaves than thofe of the Frieze Orchis at Se&t.9. aforegoing, but the Stalks and Flowers are very like them, yellow of color, and pleafantly fweet : the Figure of this Plant Lobel bas given us from Come- lius Gemma.
XIV. The eighth, or Small creeping Orchis, bas a Root very unlike all the reft, being long and full of Strings, growing thick together, and interlacing themfelves one among another , yet have they at the upper part thereof, next under the Leaves, (as Ca- merarius Jays) fome shew of fmall Bulbs Sometimes to be feen. From thefe Roots arife Leaves which are thick and fomewhat broad, like lantane, of a dark &reen color: the Stalk is flender, and fet full at the top with feveral white Flowers, Spotted with Blood- ved Spots. Parkinfon wil/ have hie to come nearer zo an Helleborine than an Orchis,
XV. The Places. Thefe all generally grow in dry Grounds, Heaths and wafte untill’d laces, in many places of England ; but are for the moft part nurs‘d up with us in Gardens,
XVI. The Times. They all flower late in the Year, fcarcely before Auguft or September.
XVII. The Qualities. They are all (except the laft) hot and moift in the fecond 3 fome fay hot in the firft Ay and moift in the fecond. They attenuate, are Stomatick and Hyfterick, Al- terative, Analeptick and Spermatogenetick.
XVIII. The Specification. They ftir up Luft, and cure Barrennef& in either Sex.
XIX. The Preparations. You may prepare there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence, 3. San- guis or Blood.
eal
Ses i
ee
oe ed —=
BCSANET BaF
nef. It alfo cures a st in Men, and reftores them to their Priftin Vigor. Dofe 1 fj nful Morn- ing, Noon and Night in Generous Wine,
a ee
— ee
CHAP. CLXXXV, Of CUMIN Garden,
& HE Names. It is called in Greek, tuum + - in Latin, Cuminum : in Arabick, Camum and Kemum ; and in Englifh, Cumin.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz, 1. Kv usvov Husesy, Cuminum Hortenfe, Garden Cumin. 2. KU usvoy oédvoy, Cuminum agrefie, Wild Cumin; of this we (halk difcourfe in the next Chapter.
Ill. The Garden kind is threefold, 1. Kuysvey Sye uss, Cuminum vulgare, Our ordinary Cumin. 2, Kupuvov yauew’, Cuminum dulce, Cuminum melitenfe dulce, Sweet Cumin, and Small Cumin. 3. Kvyavoy Sed, Cumminum acre, Cuminum melitence acre, Sharp tated Cumin, and Great Cumin,
Garden.
f Uu72ttt:
-_- - = Ss ge ws
ee ire sy. 4
tity <
The Virtues.
XX. The liquid Fuice. Taken to 2 fpoonfuls or more in Canary, or rather Alicant ; 1. In the Morning fafting. 2. An hour before Dinner. 3. At Four in the Afternoon. 4. An hour and half af: j ter Supper, juft at going to Bed ; it breeds much Seed, itirs up Luft, ftrengthens the Inftruments of
Generation, and cures a ompie Gonorrheea, or Gleet wf the thinner of the Seed.
' XXI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of : the former, and may be taken in the fame Dofe, and at the fame times ; but it is much more powerful to all the Intentions, and is effeftual to cure even
Ulcers of the Proftate from a virulent Caufe. XXIL_ The Sanenis or Blood. Jk Pulp of the Roots made 4 well beating them in a Stone Mortar, | 4 pounds : of Rye and Wheat Bread, of each | I pound: mix them well m Salad adding a little _ white Port Wine, to make them pretty moift : put all into a Bolt-bead, flopping it well with Cork and
Spanith Wax, or Sealing Wax, fo that nothing may
IV. The
ae Sate hd oneal
264, | Salmon’s
nt IV. The-Defcriptions. The firft of thefe bas a|grecn Herb. 3. A Cataplafm of the green Herb, 4,
Root which is long, fmall, white, and perifhing eve- ry Year 5 from whence pbyins up feveral flender Stalks, a foot and half b
them not fo bigh, each branching themfelves out gra-
dually, and growing white at length, having flore of | A Spirituows Water, 12. A Balfam made of the Leaves, which are fmall and long, like unto thofe of \Chymical Oil. 13. A Decottion of the Seed. 14,
Fennel. The Flowers are fomewhat reddifh, grow- ing in Umbles at the tops of the Stalks, which turn into fmall, long and almoft round whitifh Seed, cre- Hed or firaked on the rounder fide, and fmelling Tong. . } V. The fecond, or Sweet fall Cumin, bas Roots, Stalks and Leaves like to the former, and like it in its manner of Growing ; but its Seed is fmall, and
_ like unto Anite Seed, and fweet as Sweet Fennel
Seed : fo that it feems to be nothing differing from the oe but ge Shape or Form, seal and very fweet Tafte of the Seed.
VI. ‘Lhe third, or Sharp-tafted great Cumin, is like the Ordinary or Common Cumin iz its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Branches, Flowers and manner of Growing, faving that it is every ways greater, but it principally differs in its Seeds, for they are not on'y greater than thofe of the firft or Ordinary Cu- min, but they are longer alfa, and pointed at both ends, crefted likewife on the rounder fide, and of a much duller color, fmelling more unpleafantly, and tafting very fharp upon the Tongue, hot, quick and
biting, like Cubebs or Pepper.
| VIL. The Places. They grow all of them in Exg- land, in our Gardens, the Seed being fown; but they are Natives of other hotter Countries, as Spaiz, Italy and the Iflands of the Mediterranean Sea, as alfo in Syria, Paleftina, and other fons Coun- tries, where they grow familiarly and plentifully. The hip of thefe grows moft common with us in our cultivated Grounds, but admirably well in. the South parts of Carolina, and other parts of Florida, See faw it in Perteftion. The fecond grows, befides inall the places aforenamed,. very plentifully in the Ifle of Ma/tha, whete they put it into their Bread and other Meats, and Trade with it to other Parts in exchange for other Commodities. The third (as well as the firft) grows in feveral parts of Arabia, Ethiopia, 7Egypt and Afia, where it more admirably obtains that acrid or {harp Tafte: howe- af they delight to grow in putrified and hot oils. é' VIII. The Times. Parkinfon fays they come not often to Perfeftion with us, unlefs ina kindly Year,
and fown in the middle of the Spring: fo that tho’ | ft
they Hower and feed early in hot Countries, yet it is late with us before the Seed comes to RipenefS. Gerard fays, that he had proved the Seeds (of the firft fort) in his Garden, where they brought ripe Seed, much fairer and greater than any which comes fiom beyond Sea: It is tobe fown in the middle of the Spring : Rwéllivs fays, that a Shower of Rain prefently following its Sowing, hinders much the Growth thereof. Gererd fow’d it in the midft of May, and it fprung up in fix days after, and the Seed was ripe in the end of Fu/y.
IX. The Qualities. The Seed, which is princi- pally ufed, is hot and dry in the third Degree, full of Sulphur and-Mercury ; it is Aperitvie, Anodyne, Aftringent, Attrattive, Carminative, Digeftive, Dif cuflive, Diuretick and Sudorifick ; Cephalick, Neu- rotick, Stomatick, Pettoral, Nephritick and Hyfte- rick ; Emmenagogick, Lithontriptick, Alexiphar- mick, Analeptick and Spermatogenetick.
X.. The Specification. It has been found, by Ex- perience, to be a fingular Cure for the Colick.
XL The Preparations.. You may have, 1. A H- quid Juice of the green Herb, 2, An Effence of the
igh or more, and fome of \Oily Tinture of it. 8. A Saline Tintture. 9, 4 "4
pe
Herbal. Lib. L |
A Pounder of the Seed. 5. A Spirituous Tinture f° the fame. 6. An Acid Tinéure oe 7 An
Spirit of the Seed. 10. AnOil from the fame. 11,
A Cataplafm thereof. The Virtues.
XII. The liquid Juice of the Leaves. It expels Wind and Urine, provokes the Terms, and is good -
againft the Bitings of Mad i tes ando shee Venomous ‘Creature 3 foo a v5 Morning and Night, in a of Wine or
e. XII The Effence of the green Herb. It has the former Virtues, befides which, it prevails againft
the Colick and Fluxes of the ibn isgooda- gainft Vapors in Women, is a good P, oa me p fer
“=
ing Obftru€tions of the Breft and Lun
or 2 {poonfuls Morning and Night in Wine. XIV. The ser of the green Herb. Itdife
cuffes Wind in the Bowels, ftrengthens the Joints,
difcuffes windy Humors in thofe or any other Parts,
repercuffes Humors in fimple and recent Contufions,
difeuffes Flatulencies in the Scrotum, and prevails — 4
good againft Coughs and Colds. - Mixed with Ve 4 negar and put up the Noftrils, it is faid ee re
as ufe it much inwardly to look rd e ian : the oeéd. AMIS.
ble Stomatick, oF Wind, ftrengthens the Ventri- Dige-
time as to make the Liquor pleafantly fharp. It gives eafe in the Gout and cures it, if the Parts af q
ale
40 of 50 drops ata time, in a Glafs of Wine, ot fome other proper Vehicle : it opens Obftruttions of the Womb, provokes the Terms, and removes
Sand, Gravel and Tartarous Matter from the Keim, Ureters and Bladder, giving fingular café ina vety fhort time. Anointed outwardly upon the Joints aftefted with the Gout, it gives eafe, and ina Mort time after cures it. It cures Cramps and Gonville = toa Miracle, by anointing it on the Part aie
ed. - ae
XIX. The Saline Tinture. Given from. 40 drops, or more, in a Glafs of White Po it opens Obftru€tions of the Reins and cleanfes thofe Parts of Sand, Gravel or Tartat Matter, and caufes the Patient to Pifs rely. wardly bathed upon places affected with the
=~ ‘
_aVehicle for any of the former internal Preparations,
Chap. 135. Ezghsh Herbs. 265 it see Eafe and Relief: It attenuates, digefts and difcuffes Humors.
XX. The Oil of the Seed. It is a Specifick againft Pains of the Stomach and Bowels, gives prefent eafe in the Chofick, as alfo in the Stone, provokes the Terms in Women, and has all the Virtues of the Spirituous and Oily Tin&tures. Given ad gut. 12 or 20 in a Glafs of Wine to a Woman in Travel, it facilitates the Delivery. It is good againft Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, fhortnef$ of Breath, dif- ficulty of Breathing, Wheezings, Hoarfnefs and o- ther like Diftempers of the Breft and Lungs. It encreafes Seed, provokes Luft, ftrengthens the In- ftruments of Generation, reftores in Soofimpctons breeds Milk in Nurfes, and refifts Poyfon: it is al- fo prevalent againft the Bitings of Vipers and other Serpents ; alfo the Bitings of Mad Dogs, and other Venomous Beafts, being inwardly taken, and out- wardly goo to the place.
XXI. The Spirituows Water. It may be ufed as
CHAP. CLXXXVL of CUMIN Wild.
L*P° HE Names. It is called in Greek, kuyarey oridwey % diy exoy : in Latin, Cuminum Sylveftre : in Exglifh, Wild Cumin. ,
II. The Kinds. Authots make three kinds heres of, viz. I. Rupsey dyewv, Cuminum Syloefire, Cumi num primum Dio coridis, (according to Matthiolys) Cuminum globofum Camerarii, Cuminum Capitulis Llobofis Baubini, alfo Leporum Cubile, Stalimene, as it is called in the Ifle of Lemnos, Wild Cumin. 2. Umixoor, x age, LHypecoum and Hypopheum, Hype- coum verum Diofcoridis, (according to Dodoneus and Clufius ) Cuminum Sylvefte alterum vel Sili qua um Camerarii, Lugdunenfis, Tabernmontani &
elit ; Cuminum Sylveftre Corniculatum Gerardi, apd Legitimum Baubini, The fecond or Horned
ild Cumin. 3. Cuminum Siliquofum alterum Di ofcoridis, Lobelit, Pene, Lugdunenfis, Cuminum Syl- vefire tertium, & ae minus Tabernmontas ni, Hypecoum alterum Baubini, The fecond Horned or fimall Codded Wild Cumin.
III. As for thefe two latter, tho’ Camerarius, Do doneus, Lobel and Gerard, with fome others, do ac« count them as Species of Cumin, or kinds of Wild Cumin, yet they are fcarcely fo to be accounted, for that they have neither the Appearance or outward Refemblance of them, neither yet the Medical Qua- lities or Virtues anfwerable to them, but rather have the Qualities and Properties of Poppies : however, becaufe Cuftom has given them the Name of Wi/d Cumin, we fubmit, and rank them in the fame Or--
and has in fome meafure all their Virtues: it is a very good thing for Nurfés to take, becaufe it very much promotes the breeding of Milk.
XXII. The Balfam. It is made of the Chymical Oil, mixt with fix times its quantity of pure Oil of Nutmegs by Expreffion. It is of wonderful Ufe to anoint the Genitals of a Man, who is grown Impo- tent either by Age, Accident, or a long Difufe of the A&t; the Oil of the Seed being in the mean Seafon taken inwardly. Anointed upon Parts affetted with Cramps and Convulfions, it generally cures them ; and ications any Part which is much weakened, either by the Gout or other Accidents. Anointed on the Stomach and Sjde, it comforts them, and eafes the Pains of the Pleurify.
XXIII. The Decottion of the Seed in Wine. If Figs are added in the Boiling, it will be the more Pettoral, and fo be good for fuch as are fhort- Winded, or are otherwife troubled with an old Cough, Hoarfnef$ or Wheezing, difficulty of Breath- ing, and other Difeafes of thofe Parts ; and withal| - it expels Wind from the Stomach and Bowels: and if it is conftantly drunk for a whole Year together, it obliterates the very Roots and Foundation of the Gout, and by keeping of the Body foluble, and fweetning all the Juices, it carries off the Tartarous Matter which breeds that Difeafe, and that without either Purging or any other Medicine. But when it is thus generally ufed, the Deco€tion muft be made fometimes in Water and fometimes in Wine, for the Stomach fake, and it muft be ufed as the Pati- ents common Drink. I fay all this from manifold Experience.
Rheum which falls into the Eyes, and helps fuch as are Blood-fhotten ; more efpecially if withal it is made with Wax into the Form of an Emplafter, and applied warm over the Eye-lids. The Cata- plafin made only with the Seed and Yolks of Eggs, and applied to a fimple Contufion, difcuffes it: but with _ Oil of Nutmegs, being applied to the Scrotum, it is excellent to difcufS a windy Tumor of that Part,
IV. The Defcriptions. The fir/t, or Wild Cu- min, has a Root bic is fmall and white, with fome Fibres adjoining to it, and quickly perifhes with the
leaft eee a Dews of cold Nights, and eters’
‘
266
comes not often to Maturity in our Country : from this Root shoot forth feveral long, rough and fome- what hard winged Leaves, confifting of many leffer Leaves, each of which are finely dented about the edges, which are in Fafbion almoft like the fmalleft Leaves of Wild Parfnep : from among which Leaves Springs up a flender, weak, bending Stalk, about a
oot bigh, much like to Pe€ten Veneris, divided at the top into many parts, each of which bas a round whi-
th foft and woolly or downy Head or Ball, ftanding upon a {mall fe alk viz. round and hairy Buttons
or Knobs, like Ar€tion Montanum, or Bardana minor
VIII. The Times. They flower not with us til] . the middle of Summer, viz. Fuly and Auguft, and give their Seed late, viz. in September ; but the firkt feeds very late, and is feldom goad. Gerard that the fecond did flourifh and ffOwer in his Gar- den.
IX. The Qualities, Specification and Virtues of the firft, are the fame with thofe of the Garden Cumin in the former Chapter, to which you are referred. But as for the two latter, tho’ they feem to be of the Nature of Poppies, ze fince no Author has faid any thing of them, we {hall be filent concerning the _
€. '
Montana, as Diofcorides has obferved, or like to the | fam
_ Plane-tree Heads or Balls : within which Heads is contained a downy Subftance, amongft which is the bi like the Seed of Dens Leonis, but much lef-
er.
__V. The fecond, or Horned Wild Cumin, which is
the Hypecoum Legitimum, bas a jingle, long and
thick Root, with fome Fibres appendent to it, which
dies every Year, at the firft approach of Winter, and
is with us very bardly made to fpring again, but b
an Autumn Sowing : from this Root {pring forth fe veral long winged Leaves lying on the Ground, very much divided, and cut into many parts, not much un- like to the Leaves of Sefeli or Maffilia, of a pale or whitifh green color, fo like unto Fumiterry in the co- lor of the Leaves, as alfo fomewhat near to it in the
. many Divifions and Parts thereof, that it may eal) e
deceive one who does but flightly look upon it, but t
Leaves are fmaller and thinner, and more gentle in handling, (tho growing larger in spin, as Clufius efe
bas obferved.) In the a of thefe Leaves rifes WG
a Stalk (or two) a Cubit
Branches ; at the tops of which come forth fine fmall yellow Flowers, confifting of fix Leaves apiece, two of which are larger than the reft, and edged with green on the outfide, and ftand one oppofite to another, the reft being fmall, and fearcely to be difcerned but when the Flower is blown open; the Flowers being
hofed away, there fucceed long, crooked, flat Horns,
lusks or Cods, crooked, large and full of Knots, Foints or Divifions, fomewhat like unto the Husks or Horns of the Scorpioides Matthioli, but greater and longer, in the feveral Foints whereof lye feve- ral {quare yellowifh Seeds, {mall and flat, and almoft like to thofe of Galega or Goats-Rue, which are ve: dificultly to be taken out and feparated from the
u, or more, very inootd) and whitifh, with fome fine jagged Leaves thereon, which is divided towards the top into feveral
CHAP. CLXXXVIL
of CYPERUS Sweet, OR, i HERB--CYPERUS.
L/S HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Saba-
rade: in Greck, Kime@ : in Latin, Cyperus, Funcus angulofus, Funcus quadratus, Funcus Tri- angularis, Afpalathum, Evcemirea: and in Exg- lifh, Cee, Herb Cyperus, Sweet Cyperus, Galin- ga, and Galingal Englifh.
Il. The Kinds. It is fourfold, viz. 1. Kiay@ sesywin@-, Cyperus rotundus, Sweet or Hetb Cype- tus, or Englifh Galingal round-tooted. 2. re por Phe hd feng, Herb Cyperus or Englifh
ngal long-rooted. 3. Kume@ edmarddus rus Peale Wy litoreus nites Kound ea Mat Cyperus, or Marfh Englifh Sey all thefe are found growing in England, and be treated of in this Chapter; to thefeadd 4. Cyperus dulcis ro- tundus efculentus, or Trafi dulce Uralorum, Sweet aah eee » which fee hereafter in its proper place.
Ill. The Greeks have other Names for the Plants treated of in this Chapter, tho’ Kvm¢@- is the gene- ral Name, and is that-by which the firft kind is cal- led, (f0 called from the Roundnef$ of the Root) which is the Cyperus rotundus odoratus : Kimes, peris longus odoratus, is the fecond, or /ong-rooted
Husks or Skins. The Tafte of the whole Plant is\ fweet kind : Kumie@-, Cypirus litoralis, is the third,
unpleafant.
J. The third, or Small Codded Wild Cumin, bas a Root much like the former , the Leaves are al- fo fometbing like, not fo broad and long as thofe, but more cut in, and finely dented and divided, fomewbat like unto Sefeli or Hartwort of Marfelles, or Wild Chervil. The Stalks are fmooth, fmall and tender, full of Branches and Leaves, much like unto the {mall Leaves of Caraway or Peften Veneris. Ar the tops of the Stalks and Branches come forth pretty yellow Flowers, made of froe pointed Leaves, and much like to thofe.of Great Celandine or Rocket, /a- ving that they are fomewbat lefs. ange being pafs'd away, long Pods fucceed them, which hang down, and fland not upright, nor are crooked, like the former , but the Seeds within the Cods are feverally diftint, and feparated one from another by equal Partitions, in fall Croffes, yellow of color and fomewhat long, larger than the other aforegoing, and'not ‘much un- like to Galega or thofe of Goats-Rue.
VII. The Places. They are found Natives of Ga- Jatia, Lycia, feveral places of Afia, Italy, Spain and France ; and grow in our Gardens here in England, only by fowing the Seed.
or Marfh kind of all which in their Order. IV. Note. This is to be taken notice of, That many Apothecaries, by reafon of their Ignorance, ufe the /ong fweet Cyperus Roots inftead of the round Cyperus Roots ; and others, tho’ they know better, yet conftantly make ufe of the long, inftead of the other, contrary to the Appointment of the Ancients, nor do they defire to be fumithed with the Genuine or True, becaufe the one is much cheaper and: to be had than the others are, thus’ fu pe the long for the round; which, tho’ yrs ty 3 Subftitute may be admitted, yet no Swccedanum,Nit. a guid pro quo, is to be allowed of, when the true Ingredient is to be had ; forafinuch as no Subftitute can be fo effeftual to every Intention as the Genuine — : ; this Abufe ought indeed to be rettified for the ture. rtd V. The Defecriptions. ‘The jfirft, or Common fweet round sings dies a Root dd, #s compofed Y many long and round blackifh brown fmall Roots, Y the bigne/s of fmall Olives, or Roots of the Greatet Filipendula, which are faftned together by lo Strings, and are of a fweet Smell, even whilft th are green, but more when they are dry, which
= ——o'_. Lo.
‘Di
Chap.187. Exglifb Herbs.
act ‘ are of a bitter Talte, fomewhbat like unto Galanga : | hanging about fix or feven in number, at top of the from this Root shoot forth many Heads of long and \ Stalk
narrow Leaves, fomewhat ridg’d in the middle, e-
267
talk. VII. The Places. The firft and fecond of thefe
very Leaf feeming thereby to be three fquare, and | grow naturally in Fenny Grounds, yet they thrive
Something bard and rough in handling , fweet alfo in Scent 3. ioe among thefe Leaves rife up many {mooth Square Stalks, about a yard high, ftuffed sth a white Pith, and not hollow, without any Knot or Foint therein, unto the very tops, where there ftand a few Short Leaves, and many {mall Panicles or chaffy green Spikes, or Ears of {mall Leaves above them, which afterwards contain the Seed within them.
Cr yperus |
“SR
VI. The fecond, or Long-rooted fweet Cyperus, bas Roots which are of a moderate bignefs, long and round, and of a black or blackifh brown color on the outfide, but whitifh within, full and firm, and creep- ing hither and thither, taking up much Ground, a reafon of their fpreading , it creeps under the Sus perficies of the Earth, round about, by which it as quickly much encreafed , and is of a moft pleafing Sweet Smell when it a broken, tho it be green and
Srefh, and yet more Ce when it i dry. From
this Root {pring forth long Leaves, which are as it
very welkin Gardens, as we daily fee by Experience. The firft grows naturally in Ira/y and Spain, as alfo in Aeypt by the River Nilus, as Alpinus fays, but is only to be found with us in our Gardens, where, unlef§ much Care be taken, it difficulely endures the Hardfhip of the Winter. The fecond grows in Sy- ria and Candy, but with us only in Gardens. The third and laft grows about Ditches and the Banks of Rivers, where Salt or Sea Water comes : it is found plentifall in the Marfhes below Gravefend, in oh 4 Tenet and other like places.
4 The Times. The firft flowers or beats its bufhy ‘Tops in Awguff, with us here in Exgland : The fecond produces its tufted Head in Fu/y, or towards the end of that Month, for the moft part : and the third Flowers always in Fu/y and rp Ly
X. The Qualities. The Roots are only of Ufe, and are accounted hot and dry in the fecon ee: they Attenuate, are Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Carminative, Digeftive and Diuretick ; ee Stomatick, Nephritick and Hyfterick ; Lithontrip- tick and Alexipharmick.
XI. The Specification. They are ere ing againft the Stone, Gravel and Obftru€tion of Urine.
XIL The Prepiratea. You may have there- from, 1. A Decottion in Wine or Water. 2. A Pou- der. 3. A Cataplafm. 4. Afhes. §. A Spirituous Tinflure. 6. An Acid Tinture. 7. An Oily Tins ure. %. A Saline Tintture.
The Virtues.
XIII. The Decoltion in Wine or Water. IE it is made in Wine, it ought to be White Port Wine: it cleanfes, fweetehs and purifies the Blood and Juices of the Body, ptovokes Urine, and helps to break the Stone in the Bladder, and to abate the Water in a Dropfy, to wit, in an Amafarca, being drank Morning, Noon and Night, or oftner, halfa pint ata time. It provokes the Terms, and is good -againft Pains of the Mother or Womb, more efpe- cially, if, befides taking it inwardly, it be injected up, and the Region of the Womb be alfo bathed therewith warm. It is goofalfo to wafh all forts of foul and nafty Ulcers of the Gums, Mouth and Throat, as alfo eating Cankers, for that it cleanfes, drys and heals them. {t opens Obftru€tions, and
rovokes the Terms in Women : it alfo helps a inking Breath, being drunk for fome time.
XIV. The Pouder. It is an excellent Remedy for all running Sores, old Ulcers, Cankers, tho’ {preading and eating, in any part of the Body ; it
ops Putridity, cleanfes, drys and heals, doing what
were three ares like the former, and as rough and | it does without any thing of Heat or SharpnefS. It
hard in handling alfo, almoft like unto the'Common Reed, but that they are leffer and fhorter. The Stalk 7 fmooth and three fquare. fiufied with a white
Pith, like the former, and rifing three feet bigh or
‘the other in all things, fo that they are fcarcely t. be irene afunder Be Stew is
pe die
drys up the over much Moifture of Ulcers, and by its Aftringent Quality, helps all forts of fore Mouths, and Ulcers in the fecret Parts. It is of an inciding or cutting Quality, and therefore given to one dram Morning and Night in a Glafs of White . Port Wine, it provokes Urine and the Terms, and -helps fuch as are troubled with the Stone; the De-
Ground, the only or chief | co€tion in Wine being drunk inwardly alfo at the
k f
contained in them. Alpinus Says, that the gypti- Turneri ; and in Englifh it is not unfitly called, ans did much ufe both the Pouder of the Roots, and | Heath Cyprefs- alfo the Afhes of the fame, to cure Ulcers both of
XVI. The Spirituous Tinture. ‘Taken in the Morning fafting, as alfo an hour before Dinner, at Four in the Afternoon, and at Bed-time, to the
uantity of 2 drams, in Canary or other Wi
Sme other convenient Vehicle , it comforts and warms the Stomach, Brain, Nerves, Lungs, Womb and Blood : and if it is taken for fome time toge- ther, it warms a cold Habit of Body, ftrengthens the natural Faculties, fortifies the Heart and invigo- rates the Spirits.
XVII. The Acid Tinture. It is a moft admira- ble Stomatick, incides, opens, cleanfes, ftrengthens, ‘warms, comforts and reltores the Tone of the Sto- mach and the other Vifcera. It provokes Urine and the Courfes, is good againft the Stone, as alfo Vo- ‘miting, Sicknefs at Stomach, want of Appetite and Indigettion, and is good againft Catarrhs proceed- ing from a cold and moilt Canfe. Dofe 30 or 40
comfort to fuch, who, by long Sicknefs, are much fpent, the whole Body being weak, the Stomach rofigated, the Heart dejected, and the Spirits
fainting. XIX. The Oily Tintture. Xt comforts the Nerves,
“conftantly fed Morning and Night for fome confi- derable time. It is good alfo to prevent Gangrens, and cure the Contufions or Punétures of the Nerves, . immediately allwaging the Pain. Anointed on the} III. The Defcription. It has a fmall fibrows or Head, it cures a --ad-ach from a cold Caufe. Gi- firingy Root , from whence fpring up feveral Stalks, ven inwardly Morning and Night from 15 to 30 oF ‘fome rough and others naked, being hard and branch- 4o drops, in White Port Wine or fome other fpeci-|ed, with very fhort and thick Leaves growing on fick Vehicle, it helps Crudities, warms and comforts | them, fomething refembling a Branch of the Cyptefs- the Brain, Nerves, Stomach and V Wind from the Bowels, is good againft BarrennefS| without Smell. From the tops whereof sometimes fom a cold and moift Caufe, prevai ‘hi
Catarths, fortifies the Senfes, helps aga Colds, fhortnefs of Breath and difficulty of Breath- | Claw MofS, which are of a yellowifh color, and grow-
ing. _ It provokes Urine and the Terms, is good a-}ing on fmall Foot-ftalks. This Herb is a low Plant,
gainft Dropfies, and expels Sand, Gravel and other Tartarous Matter oug from the Reins, Ureters and} IV. The Places. Bladder. ere they call it Wil XX. The Saline Tintlure. It gives eafe by bath- V. The Times. ing therewith, in the Gout proceeding from a cold Caufe. Inwardly taken, from 1 to 2 drams in fome VI. The Qualities. proper Vehicle, it is very Diuretick, provoking U- Heat or Cold, rine, and expellin the Recrements of the Urinary Vulnerary. ; Paflages, as alfo Water in Dropfies. VII. The Teoma It is of fingular Ufe for } ftanching of Blood, and other Fluxes of Humor. VIU. Ibe Preparations. You may one there- : from, 1. A Decollion in Red Wine, 2 Spiritu-
CHAP CLXXXVIll ous Tinture, 3- A Pouder. The Virtues.
of CYPRESS Mobs or Heath. | 1x. The Decilfion in Red Wine. eis very Allin Flux of the
a 3 pad I cS A o S 3 ES 4
L HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kapasn- owels, if it is recent, It alfo fone miewoG@ : in Latin, Chamacyparifjus, Cupre)- ing of the Terms in Women, and is g
fus, vel Cyprefjus pumila, ( berbe nomen ) Cupreffus \ {pi and piffing Blood : Wounds ers:
vel pre mufcofus : i Englifh, Mofs Corel Cathet cherewith, it s and heals them. _ a
or Heath Oprel X. The Spirituous Tintture. Tr ftrengthens the iL The Kinds. It is without doubt one of the| Stomach, ftops Vomiti 25 of the Belly kinds of Mo/s, and Singularis fui generis , for which | and gives eafe in grip
-Reafon Authors have called it alfo, Mu/cus clavatus, ‘ftéps the Loches in and Coprelt formis ; Mufcus clavatus oliis, Cupre/-| from 2 to, drams, M: fi Baubini, Selago Plinit, lib. 25. cap. 11. ‘avina | Or other eV shi Syloefiris Tragi, Chamacyparifjis, Tabernniontani | XI, The Poxder.
F=f met J
——
Chap. 159. Exgh/b Herbs. | |
it ftops Fluxes and {pitting of Blood : outwardly applied, it ftops Bleeding in Wounds; and ftrewed upon moift and running Ulcers, it cleanfes them, drys up the Humidities, ftrengthens the Part and in-
duces the healing.
CHAP. CLXXXIX.
of DAFFODIL Broad-leav'd fingle, one flowred.
I. HE Names. It is called inGreek, NagxiaG@-: win * Latin, Narcifius , and in Englifo, Daf Odi,
Il. The Kinds. It is divided into two principal kinds, 1. Naexio@ dandis, Narciffus verus, The true or right Narciffus or Daffodil. 2. Nagxia@- rsh, Narcifjus notbus, Baftard Daffodil.
Ill’ The true kind is genus to four other fub- ordinate Species, viz. 1. NagxiaeQ- ararugiaaG, Narcifjus latifolius, Broad-leav'd. 2. SrviquaaG-, Anguftifolins, Narrow-leav'd. 3. Syoweddns, Funce- ‘us, Ruth Daffodil. 4. ‘addus ) GardanG, Mari- nus, Sea Daffodil. . And thefe four forts divide themfelves again into eight other inferior Spe- cies, viz. 1. Narciffus saitatak monanthos, fimplici fore, Broad-leav’d Daffodil, with one fingle Flower, of which in this Chapter. 2. Narciffus latifolius poly- anthos fimplici flore, Daffodil broad-leav’d,with many Flowers, e-flowred, of which in Chap. 190. : Narciffus tg hood multiplici flore, vel flore pleno,
Broad-leav’d Daffodil, with a double Flower, of which in Chap. 191. 4. Narcifjus anguftifolius flore fimplici, Daffodil narrow-leav'd, with a fingle
Flower, of which in Chap.192. 5. Narciffus an- guftifolius flore pleno, Daffodil narrow-leav'd, with a double Flower, of which in Chap. 19%: 6. Nar- ciffus junceus flore fimplici, Ruth Daffodil fingle- flowred, of which in Chap. 194 { Narciffus jun- ceus lore multiplici, Ruth Daffodil double-Howred, of which in Chap.195. 8. Narciffus marinus, vel litoralis, Sea Daffodil, of which in Chap. 196. fol- lowing.
IV. The Baftard kind is genus to four other fub- ordinate Species, viz. 1. Yeusdvdentar@- waarvevar@-,
Pfeudonarciffus Jatifolius, Baftard Narciflus broad- |
Jeav'd. 2. WevdbvalenearG- sevoquaaG-, P/eudonarciffus anguftifolius, Baftard Daffodil narrrow-leav'd. 3. Syouddus, Funceus, Baftard Ruth Daffodil. 4. e4-
adanG-, Marinus, Baftard Sea Daffodil. And thefe
- fous forts divide themfelves again into fix other in-
ferior Species, viz. 1. Pfeudonarciffus latifolius fim- plicit flore, Baftard Daffodil broad-leav’d fingle- flowred, of which in Chap.197. 2. Pfeudonarciffus latifolius flore pleno, Baftard Daffodil broad-leav'd double-flowred, of which in Chap.198. 3. Pfew- donarciffus anguftifolius flore fimplict, Baftard Daf- fodil narrow-leav’d fingle-flowred, of which in Chap. 199. 4» Pfeudonarciffus anguftifolius flore multipl- ci, Baftard Daffodil narrow-leav’d double-fowred, of which inChap.200. §. P/eudonarcifjus junceus, Baftard Rufh Daffodil, of which in Chap. 201. 6. Pfeudonarcifjus marinus, Baftard Sea Daffodil, of which in Chap. 202. following.
V.. Thefe are the moft general Heads of Daffodils ; the particular Species of each are manifold, all which we will not promife to treat of in this Work ; but the moft xoted fingulars under each Head, we thall difcourfe of, with what Brevity is poffible, fo:
_ the fakes of fuch as are Horifis, or Lovers of a
‘Cup. 9. Narciffies albus ferotinus major o wae ca-
3-| flowering white Daffodil.
269
Flower-Garden. Thofe then which we are to treat of in this Chapter, are the firft of the aforenamed fub-fubordinate Species, viz. Narciffus Jatifolius monanthos fimplict flore, Daffodil broad-leav’d gle- owred, having but one Flower upon a Stalk, and fometimes by Accident but two Flowers at moft. _VI. Authors make about twenty four fingular kinds of this; we fhall only defcribe twenty of the moft ufual, viz. 1. Narcifjus latifolius ommium.ma- ximus, amplo calice flava, five incomparabilis vel nompareille, The incomparable or great none-fuch Hodil. 2. Narciffus omnium maximus flore Calice flavo, The incomparable great yellow Dafto- dil. 3. Narciffus grifeus maximus calice favo, The gray peerlefS Daffodil. 4. Narciffus latifolius flore favo, amplo calice, The leffer yellow nompariil, with alarge Cup. 5. Narciffus Indicus flore rubro, dius Facobeus, The Weft Indian Daffodil, with a red Flower. 6. Narciffus Trapezunticus flore lu- teo ——— The early Daffodil of Trebizond. 7. Narciffus albus precox minor oblongo calice luteo, The fimall early white Daffodil, with a long Cup. 8. Narciffus pallidus i oblongo calice flavo, The . early Straw-color’d Daffodil, with a long yellow
lice luteo, The great late-flowering white Dattodil, with along yellow Cup. 10. Narciffus pallidus fe- rotinus oblongo calice flavo, The late Straw-colord Daffodil, with a long yellow Cup. 11. Narciffus albus ferotinus oblongo calice flavo, duobus floribus in caule, The late white Daffodil, with a long Cup, and two Flowers on a Stalk. 12. Narciffus medio- luteus vulgaris, The common Englifh white Daffo- dil. 13. Naerciffus mediocroceus ferbeiithe, The late- 14. Narciffus medio purpureus precox, The early purple-ringed Daffodil. 15. Narciffus medio purpureus ferotinus, The late purple-ringed Daffodil. 16. Narciffus medio pur- pureus maximus, The great white pusple-ringed Daffodil. 17. Narcifjus medio purpureus flellaris, The ftarry purple-ringed Daffodil. 18. ANarcijjus Perficus, The Perfian Daffodil. 19. Narciffus Au- tumnalis major, The greater Autumn or Winter Dat- fodil. 20. Narciffus Autumnalis minor, The eller Autumn or Winter Daffodil.
V TATA : CNH LU ints N = aad ae
=e
270 ~ Salmon’s
Vil. The Defcriptions. The fir/t, Incomparable, Nompareille, o» None-fuch Daffodil, bas a great bulbous Root, as large as other Daffodils, which bear large Flowers, which is covered over with a brownifh
_ Coat or Skin ; from whence comes three or four long and broad Leaves, of a greyifh green color , among which rifes up a Stalk two feet or more high, at to tuhereof, out of a thin skinny Husk, which all Dat. fodils have, comes forth one large fingle Flower, (commonly no more ) confifting of fix very pale, yel- low, large Leaves, the bottom whereof, next unto the Stalk, is narrow and round, rifing wider to the Mouth, which is very large and open, and unevenly
cut inor dented about the edges. The Calice er Cup much refembles one of aur old Silver Beakers, with a narrow bottom, and a wide Mouth. ‘The Flower be- ing paft, there comes Fs der (tho’ not often) a round green Head, and a black round Seed therein, like to other Daftodils, but greater. This Plant does
Sometimes bring forth a Flower with ten or twelve
Leaves, and a Cup much larger, as if it was two, and as the Flower feems to be.
VIII. The fecond, or Incomparable great yellow
il, differs nothing in korm, Magnitude or manner of Growing, but only in the Color of the cir- _cling Leaves of the Flower, which are of the fame yellow color with the Cup. This fometimes degene- rates, and alfo grows Luxurious, bringing forth two Flowers upon a Stalk, each diftini from other, and fometimes two Flowers thruft together, as if they were but one, but this is very rare. This Plantis a peculiar Plant, not conftant to its kind, nor abiding be in the fame Form.
IX. The third, or Grey peerlefS Daffodil, is toholly like. to the two former in Root, Leaf, Stalk and Flower, fave that the Leaves are ee greater, and the fix outward Leaves of the Flower are of a glittering whitifh grey color, and the Cup yellow as the former, but larger.
X. The fourth, or Leffler yellow Nompareil, has, from a bulbous Root, Leaves rifing fomewbat like to thofe of the firft kind, but not altogether fo long or broad : the Stalk rifes not all out fo bigh, and bears but one Flower, like the former, which a leffer ; and both Cup and Leaves are of one color, of a pale yellow,
et more yellow than the other: the Cup % alfoa little leffer, and a little differing, neither fully fo fmall in the bottom, nor fo large at the edges, nor fo crumpled at the brims, fo that thefe Differences Shew, that it a manifeftly of a quite differing kind from the others.
XL The fifth, or Welt Indian Daffodil, bas a round large bulbed Root, of a browonifh color on the outfide, and white within, which fends forth feveral broad Leaves, fomewhat like to the Common white Daffodil, of a greyifh green color, from the fides of which, as from the middle of them, rife up fometimes two Stalks together, but moft ufually one after ano- ther, (for it oftentimes flowers twice in a Summer) and often alfo but one Stalk alone, which & of a faint reddifh color, about a foot high or more, at the top whereof, out of a oi: red Skin or Husk, comes forth one Flower, bending downwards, conf
Le
Ring of fix long Leaves, without any Cup in the middle, of an excel-
lent red color, tending to a crimfon : ‘three of thefe\ feems to be between them, but in the Duality
Leaves, which turn upwards, are fomewhat larger than the three which hang downwards, having fix Threads or Chives in the middle, tipt with yellow Pendents, and a three-forked Stile longer than the reft, and turning the end thereof again. This Al- dinus, Cardinal Farnefius bis Phyfician, fays, that at Rome it rofe up with Stalks of Flowers before any Leaves appeared.
XIL. The fixth, or Early Daffodil of Trebizond,
has a bulbows Root, but not very great,. blackifh on| fometimes but one Elower,.
cd
Herbal. — Libh.
the outfide, and yellow under that blackifh or out. woardmoft Coat, fe very like to the Autumn Daffodil, (excepting for that Yellownefs) that they ma eafily be miftaken one for another : it has three or four ve. Short green Leaves, very like to the Leaves of the utumn Daffodil, excepting that thefe are not fy broad or fo long, nor {pring up in Autumn. In the midft of thefe Leaves 4 tie up a fhort green Stalk, four, five or fix inches high, bearing at the top, out of a whitifh thin Skin, epee with green, ons Hower a little bending downwards, confifting of fix Leaves. laid open almoft in the fame manner with the former Weft Indian Daffodil, of which fome do a little turn up their Points, of a fair pale yellow color, having te white Chives within, tipt with yellow Pendents, me tes ante sentido . The feventh, or Small early white Daffodil, * ‘bas a bulbous Root of a moderate late +, yet leffer than the Roots of the later kinds ; from whence Spring Leaves broad, very green, and not whitifh, as others, three or four flanding together, about a foot long or better 5 among which rifes up a green Stalk, not full fo high as the Leaves, bearing one Flower at top thereof, of an indifferent bignefs, but not fo great as the later kinds, which follow after, confifting of fix whitifh Leaves, but not perfett white, rather of a Cream color, and of a good fweet Smell, In the middle is a long yellow Cup, balf an inch long or better. XIV. The eighth, or Early Straw-color’d Daffo- dil, from a bulbous Root bas green Leaves, as the for- mer, but much narrower ; the Leaves of the Flowers — are more enclining to yellow, but yet very pul, as if of a light Straw color, feeming to be a litle more narrow, and pointed, as the former the Cup is long and yellow, and the Smell fweet, like the Taf V. The ninth, or Great late-flowring white Daffodil, bas a moderately large bulbous Root, ¢o- vered rather with a pale than blackifh Skin; from whence come greyifh or whitifh green-color’d Leaves, Jomewhat narrow and long ; among which {prings up a Stalk half a yard high, bearing one Flower at top, made of fix white Leaves, having the Cup int middle, as long as the former, and of a deep yellow. The edges of the.Cup are fometimes plain, fometimes alittle crumpled, and often circled at the brims with a Saffron color, and often alfo without it, the Smell of which is very pleafant. This Flower fometimes alters its Form into eight Leaves, which being nar- row and long, feem like a white Star, compaffing a yellow Trunk. Bi XVI. The tenth, or Late Straw-color'd Daffodil, has a bulbous Root, with Leaves and Stalk likethe lat, but the chief difference is in the color of the top of the Flower, for that this is of a more yellow coler, and a little larger than it, and the brims or edges of the Cup are ‘of a deeper yellow or Saftton color; the Smell a this being no lefs fweet than the former. XVII. The eleventh, or Late white Daffodil, two Flowers on a Stalk, a/tho it is very like to the for- mer, yet is certainly a kind of it felf. It is conftant in its manner and Tors of Flowering, commonly bear- ing, without miffing, two Flowers upon a St. like unto the former great kind, fo that no diff
Flowers on one Stalk , the Cups of which have feldom any touch of a Saftton color on their edges, as fome of ihe ormer have. ae XVII. The twelfth, or Common Englith whit Daffodil, ( called alfo Primrofe Peerlefs derate large bulbed Root, encreafing more ter Plant, from whence {pring long limber \ Leaves, of a greyifh green color , among’ whic
ys a Stalk, bearing at its t pels skint
Chap. 189.
Seldom three, (but larger for the moft part than any wohich bear many Flowers upon a Stalk ) of a pale whitifh Cream color, near to that of a pale Primrofe,
with a fmall round flat Crown, rather than a Cup, in the middle, of a. pale yellow color, with fome pale Chives ftanding therein, and of a pretty {weet Smell.
XIX. The thirteenth, or Late-flowering white
Daffodil, bas a bulbous Root, like the former, but the Leaves are fhorter, and the Stalk rifes. not fo high by much, and bears but one Flower, of a pure white color, made of fix fmall Leaves, and fometbing narrow, — feverally one from another, and not fo clofe together as the former, but appearing like a Star, the Cup is fmall and round, of a pale yellow color, but Saffion like about the brims, having
fix fmall pale Chives in the middle, the Smell of | de Sibly might contain and bear Seed, if the Clime was .
which is much fweeter than the former. _ r XX. The fourteenth, or Early purple-ringed Daf- fodil, from a bulbous Root, bas many long greyifh
Englifh Herbs.
gin
fodils do. ‘This differs from all other kinds of Daf- fodils 12 its manner of Growing, for it has never Leaves and Flowers at one time togetber, wherein it is like unto a Colchicum, but in Root and Leaf it is a Daffodil. ; XXV. The zinteenth, or Gréater Autumn Daf- fodil, bas a Root great and round, covered over with a blackifh Skin, from whence ie up three or four fair broad and fhort Leaves at Hes but afterwards they grow longer, and of a very deep green color , in the middle of which rifes up a fhort tif round Foot- Stalk, bearing one fair yellow Flower, erelees at firft ‘in a. thin Skin or Husk, and compofed of fix Leaves, as the former, with feveral Chives in the middle, as moft other Daffodils bave, which pafs away without any = oa rier ys of Seed, of Head for Seed, tho’ un- 7 the Head there is a little green Knot, which pof-
‘warm and friendly enough, or our foarp Winters did not binder it.
green Leaves, fomewhat narrower and fliffer than} XVI. The twentieth, or Leffer Autumn Daffo- the former Common white Daffodil, among which | dil, bas a Root like the former, but leffer, and co-
rifes me a long naked bollow Stalk, (as all other Daf- fodils have ) bearing at eege one Flower, ( feldom two ) confifting of fix long w
vered with alike blackifh Skin, from whence {pring forth deep green-color’d Leaves, as in the laft, but
ite Leaves, flanding \'fmaller and narrower, a little hollow in the middle 5
clofe together about the Stalk: the Cup is yellow, | and after them the Stalk and Flower, which is leffer
and fo flat, that it might rather be called a Crown,
than the other, and a little paler, confifting in fix —
for it flands very wf to the middle, and very open | fuch like Leaves, narrow. an park: pointed Clufi-
at the brims, circle Ring, having alfo feveral Chives in the middle of it, whofe Smell is very fweet, exceeding feveral other
kinds.
XXI. The jifteenth, or Late purple-ringed Daf- fodil, from a bulbous Root, greater than the aft, has Leaves broader than it, fome being near twice as broad. The Flower a like the former, being large, and its Leaves ftanding clofe, one to the fides of ano- ther. The Ring alfo, which compaffes the yellow Co- ronet, is fometimes of a paler reddifh purple, and Sometimes of as a a red as the former, from which it differs not any thing ee, but in the time of Flow- ering, which is not until the other is paft and gone : the Smell be Srveet, like the former.
XXII. The fixteentbor Great white purple-ringed Daffodil, bas a bulbows Root, greater than the ae mer, as alfoits Leaves and Flowers, the largene/s of which makes it only to differ from the laft, and to be « diftintt kind, it flowering with the later of the Purple-ringed Daffodils.
XII. The feventeenth, or Starry purple-ringed Daffodil, from a bulbed Root, bas a little narrower and greener Leaves than the former kinds: the Flower bas fix white Leaves, not fo broad, but nar- rower, and feeming longer than they, not clofing to-
ermoft ae a little large
er, « odil is; they alfo twine themfelves a lit-
with a reddifh or purple color’d \us fays, that the flowering of this
after the eh of
Daf: | rary, Emetick and Archritick.
affodil is more like to the Perfian Daffodil at fe&t. 23. above, than to the former Great Autumn kind ; tho with us it
Seems to imitate the latter or Great Autumn mo/t, in ‘fending forth its Leaves firft, then its Stalk and
Flowers.
XXVIL. The Places. Whence the firft, fecond, third and fourth firft. came, is now unknown: the fifth the Title fhews came out of the Weft Indies, and was firft brought into Spam, and from thence it was fent to us, and into feveral other parts of Europe : the fixtb came ftom Conftantinople or Tras pezuntia: the feventh, eighth, ninth, tenth and _ele- venth are Natives of the Pyrenean Mountains, from whence they have been brought to us: the we/fth is faid to grow naturally in Exg/and, and is plenti+ ful enough in all Country Gardens: the Original of the thirteenth is unknown: the fourteenth, fixteenth and feventeenth ate Turkijh Plants, and came to us from Conftantinople : the fifteenth grows in many places of Europe, as in France, Germany and Italy, as Clufius has faid: the eighteenth grows in Perfia and Twrkey, and came to us from Conftantinople : the zineteenth and twentieth are alfo Turki/h Plants, and were fent to us from that Metropolis. Now, by Tranfplanting and great Care, they are made De- nizons, if not’ Natives, with us, and are to be found in moft Gardens of our Great and Exact
Floorifis. ent The Times. The frff, feat third and
April: the twelfth flowers about the middle or end of April: the thirteenth flowers in May : the four- teenth flowers early in March: the ffteenth, fix- teenth and feventeenth flower about the middle or end of April: the eighteenth, nineteenth and twen- tieth flower about the end of September and in Odfober. a
XXIX. The Qualities. ‘They are hot and dry in the firft Degree, Attrattive, Glutinative, Vulne-
XXX. The
_*]t
. > 272 Salmon’s and Colicks.
XXXI. The Preparations. The Root is only in Ufe, and therefrom you may have, 1. A pee Juice. 2. A Loboch, 3. An Effence. 4. An Oint-
ment or Balfam, 5... Cataplafm. 6. A Mix- ture.
The Virtues.
XXXII. The liquid Fuice. Taken to 2, 3 or 4 Ounces, or more, according to Age and Strength, it caufes Vomiting, and very much cleanfes the Sto- mach by that means, caufing a good Appetite and
Digeftion. It may be mixed with and taken in the Motning fafting, and fo it is good againft the Colick.
XXXII. The Loboch. It is made of the Juice, mixt with half its weight of Honey. It is good a- gainft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheezings, fhort- nefS of Breath and difficulty of Breathing. Dofe 1 f{poonful at a time, twice or thrice a day: or it = be often taken with a Liquorice Stick.
XXIV. The Effence. 1 wonderfully cleanfes, dries and heals: it conglutinates or glews the Mouths of great Wounds together, yea, Incifions of the Veins, Arteries, Nerves and Tendons ; the Wound being wafhed therewith, and Lint dipt therein, being bound thereon.
XXXV. The Balfam or Ointment. It is fngulat againft Burnings or Scaldings, whether with Fire,
ater, Oil, Gun-powder, Pitch, &c. It cleanfes old Ulcers, ‘dries and heals them : and being appli- ed to green Wounds, it confolidates or joins their Lips together, and quickly heals them. It alfo draws forth Pricks, Thorns, Splinters or other like a Ara into the Flefh. °
XXXVI. The Cataplafm. If it is beaten and made up with Honey, and applied Emplafter-wife, it is cleanfing and attra€tive, cures Burnings and Scaldings, and conglutinates Sinews which are cut afunder: and fo applied to Strains or Wrenches of the Wrifts or Ankles, or Joints pained with the Gout, it gives Relief: \If to the Cataplafm Meal ‘or Flower of Darne/ is added, it becomes very at- tractive, and draws forth Thorns, Splinters, €%c. out of the Flefh ; and applied upon Sun-burnings and Morphew, it takes them away. The Root made into a Cataplafm with Hogs-Lard and Rye-Bread, it haftens the Suppuration of Apoftems, even of thofe which are not eafily ripenned.
XXXVII. The Mixture. It is made of the Juice mixt with an equal quantity of White Wine Vine-
ar, and an eighth part of Nettle Seed in pouder. t is good to remove Defcedations of the Skin, as Scurft, Morphew, Tanning, Yellownef$, BrownnefS, Pimples, oi Lentils, Tettars, Ringworms, and other like Affe&ts molefting the fame.
CHAP. CXC.
Of DAF FODIL broad-leav‘d fingle, many-flowred.
IL HE Names. It is called in Greek, NapuiarG- BL raarinrG mavarbis daats: in Latin, Nar- ciffius aol Polyanthus flore fimplici : in Englifh,
Daffodil broad-leav'd many-flowred fingle. . The Kinds, There are about
Herbal.
tt > XXX. The Specification. They have been found | thefe many-Howred fingle, vis. 1. Narciffus Afri. by Experience to be good againft Coughs, Afthma’s |canus aureus mayor ,
hite Wine, | p/0, The Narbone Daffodil
following, which indeed if alfoa kind of
- | kinds of} large, round and open Cups or Bowls, ye
=
Lib. L
¢
ffodil the greater yellow Aftican. 2. Narciffus Africanus aureus minor, Daf. fodil the leffer yellow Aftican. 3. Narciffus zantinus totus luteus, The yellow Turkey
4. Narciffus wh arte major, The greater Limon. color’d odil. 5. Narciffus fulpbureus minor The leffer Limon-color’d Daffodil. 6. Narciffiy totus albus polyanthos, The many-flowred Milk. white Daffodil. 7. Narciffus latifolas totus albus, mediocri calice reflexus, The Milk-white Daffodil with the great Cup. 8. No Narbonenfis me. dio luteus pracox, The early Narbone Daffodil. 9, Narciffus Narbonenfis vulgaris, The common French Daffodil. 10. Narciffus Narbonenfis major flore am-
[ il with great Flowers. 11. Narciffus Pifanus, The Italian Daffodil. 12. Nar- ciffus medio croceus polyantbos, The French Daffodil with Saffron-color’d Cups. 13. Nuarciffus medio croceus alter, The other Saffron-color'd Daffodil,
14. Narciffus Anglicus polyanthos, The great Eng- lith Daffodil. 15. Narita ‘Nerboneaft molie i teus ferctinus major & minor, The late-flowering Narbone Daffodil, greater and leffer. SS ie
comes up a Stalk, not rifing fo bigh US, bearing at the top, out of a8 any Haak any fair, geodly and large Flowers, ten or twelve in number, if — the Root is well frome and it grows ina warn lace, each Flower being larger than any of the French, panifht or Turkey Daffodils, which bear Flowers on a Stalk , ( this coming near t nefs of our Englith Daffodil (in chap. 18 before defcribed, or the French deferi
at fet. 16. of this chap. but bearing mor, A
Chap. 190. Englih Herks.
the outward Leaves, and of fo exceeding fweet a Smell, that it is almoft ready to overcome, at leaft Satiate the Senfes.
IV. The fecond, or Leffer yellow Aftican, 7s a/- rg the fame with the former, but wants fomewbat of its flately Height, Largenefs of its Flowers and Cup, and Beauty of Color, it being of a paler yellow, ént is in all thofe refpetts inferior to it, nor & its Srecet Smell altogether fo ftrong.
V. The third, or Yellow Turkey Daffodil, altho’ from its bulbous Root it has very long Leaves, and a high Stalk, yes it comes foort of the Beauty of that which was laft defcribed, for in this the Flowers are not fo many, not being above four or five, nor fo lerge, being not much greater than the Common French odil at fe&t. 11. following, nor of fo, fair a color, but much paler; nor having a Cup f6 large, this being manifeftly fmaller , nor of fo [trong or fweet a Smell, this being alfo weaker. oe
VI. The fourth, or Greater Limon-colord, from an indifferent large bulbous Root, has three or four very long and green Leaves, half a yard long at leaft ; among which rifes up a round, yet crefted Stalk, not So high as the Leaves, bearing five or fix fingle Flowers thereon, every one f them being greater than the Common French il at fet. 11. fol- lowing, or the Italian at fe&t. 13. they are of a faint, yet pleafant yellow color at firft, but when they bave been in flower a Fortnight, or thereabouts, change into a deeper yellow. ‘The Cup in the middle is alfo larger than in thofe aforegoing, and of a deeper yel- low color than the other Leaves, having only three Chives within it , and is of a very pleafant Smell.
VIL. The fifth, or Leffler Limon-color’d, from its ‘bulbous Root bas broader and fhorter Leaves than the former, not green like them, but of the color of other Daftodils. The Stalk rifes up higher than the Leaves, bearing four or five Flowers upon shorter Foot-ftalks, and no bigger than the Common French Daffodil, of 2 pale yellow, which fome call a Brim- Stone color : the Cup, or rather Crown in the middle, is fmall, and broad open, of a little deeper yellow, having many Chives within it, and as it were, {prink- led over with a kind of Mealinefs. It is not full mt of fo fweet a Smell as the former.
a Ill. The fixth, or Many-flowred Milk-white,
bas its bulbous Root covered over with a blackifh Skin; from whence fpring Leaves of a mean fize, both for length and breadth, greener than the ordina- ry forts, which have fome Whitene/s in them. The Flowers are many upon the Stalk, as fmall for the moft part as any of thefe kinds which bear many to-
_ gether, being wholly of a Milk, or rather of a Snow
white color, as well the Cup, which is fmall, as the outward Leaves, which encompafs it: after which come fmall Heads, in which is contained round black
- Seed, as all other Daffodils have, but fome greater,
Some leffer, according to the Magnitude of the Plants. The Smell of this is very fweet.
IX. The fevenrh, or Milk-white with the great Cup, zs threefold, 1. One which bas its Leaves
_ fomewhat broader, and the Flowers greater than the
_ clofed at the brims. 3.
in the
former. 2. Another which has its Leaves fmaller, and its Flowers alfo, whofe Cups are likewife_fmall, and are never feen fully open, but as it were half Another fort, a Leaves
are as broad as any of the leffer forts, and whofe Cup middle of the Hower is fomething larger than of the lefjer kinds, but leffer than in the great- inds, the Leaves of whofe Mowers do a little nfelves om whence it is called
-
bulbous Root, which is great, Leaves {pringing up a Month or two before the following kind, being alfo Shorter and narrower. The Stalk is not very high, bearing feveral Flowers at the top, breaking thro’ a thin Skin, as is common with the Dafkodils, every one of which is fmall, confifting of fix white Leaves, and a fmall yellow. Cup in the middle, of a pela Sweet Smell, but nothing fo ftrong as many others. The Root of this feldom parts into off-fets,.as all the following. do, which bear many fingle Flowers. XI. The ninth, or Common French Daffodil, bas its bulbous Root covered with a blackilh Skin, from which {pring long and ‘broad green Leaves, a little hollowith i in the. middle, and edged on both fides : the Stalk is about half a yard high, bearing on its top fe- veral Flowers, fomewhat larger than the former, con- Sifting of fix white Leaves, fomething round. ‘The up is yellow in the middle, fmall and round, like unto an Acorn Cup, or a little fuller in the midjt. This. is the. Defcription of thofe which came to us Sir ft out of France; but with us I think they either degenerate or alter in Form, making in fome the Cu fhorter, in others flatter, and fome longer than the reft; fomeof a paler and fome of adeeper yellowcolor. XID. The tenth, or Narbone with great Flowers, has a Root not fo great or round as the former, but is more plentiful in Off-fets than any other of the French or Italian kinds. The Leaves are almofh like the laft, not full out f broad, but full out as‘ long, Spring fooner out of the Ground, yet not fo early as the eighth at fett. 10. aforegoing. The Stalk is flat- ter and rifes higher, bearing four or five Flowers, much larger than any of this kind, every one equals ling the Englifh Daftodil (i cap. 189. fect. 17.) but whiter than it, and the yellow Cup larger and more open than in any of the reft. . Ill. The eleventh, or Italian Daffodil, from its bulbous Root bas Leaves as large or larger than the Common French ar fett. 11. above, but its Stalk is Somewhat higher, bearing many white Flowers, very like to the faid Common French, bt a Hittle larger, as is alfo the yellow Cup in the middle, and rounder than is commonly feen in any of the French kinds, except the Narbone with great Flowers af fett. 12.
ove.
XIV. The twelfth, or French many-flowred, with’ Saffron-colored Cups, bas a bulbous Root, Leaves of a greyifh green color, not fo broad or fo long as the
Italian, but coming nearer to the Common French.
The Flowers are white, and many upon a Stalk : the
yellow Cup is fomewhat large, and circled with a
Saffron like brim or edge, which indeed makes the
oe difference.
XV. The thirteenth, or Other Saffron-color’d, has alfo a bulbous Root, from whence {pring Leaves large and long, in the midf? of which grows up a Stalk, bearing at its top feveral white Flowers, which are larger than any of the other French, except the Narbone with great Flowers at fett. 12. above ; bat the Cup is fmall and fhort, rather feeming a Coronet than a Cup, of a deep Safkton color all about the brims or edges.
XVI. The fourteenth, or Great Englith Daffodil, bas a bulbous Root, from nee ve Leaves not much brogder or longer than ibe Naxbone with great Flowers at fect. 12 above. The Stalk with the Fow- ersrifes not fully fo high as it, bearing many Flowers thereon, not altogether fo white, yet whiter than the Common Englifh (iz cap. 189. fect. 17.) but nothing fo large, and with fhort, broad, and almoft round Leaves, flanding coe one unto another. The yel- low Cup in the middle is Bowl-fafhion, fomewbat deeper than in any of the former, but not much reater ; and the Smell thereof is very fweet and
XVII. The
ee
Sa } a ta 2 t 7
. eS.
. Ce ae “
Se eee 274 Salmon’s Herbal. = Lib. 1.
XVII. The fifteenth, or Narbone late-flowering, | cedonicus fimbritus multiplex polyanthos, ‘The great greater and leffer. The greater has its Root, as well} double many-flowred purple-ring’d Daffodil of Con- as its Leaves, greater, larger, broader and longer \ ftantinople. 6. Narcifjus Cyprius flore pleno luteo than any of the other former French, Narbone or Ita-| polyanthos, The many-fowred double yellow Daf lian Ainds. The Stalk is as bigh as any of them, bear- fodil of Cyprus. : ing at top five or fix white Flowers, panies open} IU. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Double pur- Spread, like a Star, and not clofe together, every one ee from a bulbous Root has Leaves not whereof is large, and round-pointed. The Cup is yel- road, but of. a.mean Size, of the fame Largenefs of Tow, fmall and fhort, yet not lying flat to the Flower, the ea alt d Daftodil following. The Staig but a little fianding out, with fome Threads in the} rifes up to half a yard high, bearing at top thereof middle, as all the former Da “dils have. This is| one Flower, and no more, confifting of many Leaves not fo fb feented as the earlier kinds be. The] of @ fair white color: The Flower vw larger than o leffer differs not from the former, but only that it is < other Double white Daffodil, having every Leaf, every way leffer, and the Cup in the middle of the oa ae outermoft, as large almoft as any Leaf Flower is yet fhorter than it. of the Single Daffodil with the yellow Cup, ot
XVI. The Places. The firft and Second grow in} pur le Ring. Sometimes the Flower # very little
double, and almof jingle, but then it as either ina
Barbary, about Algier and Fez, as fome, who have’ f been in thofe Parts, relate: the zbird grows in Tur-| bad Ground, or it bas flood long in the place without
key, about Conflantinople : the fourth and fifth have removing for then it bas fuch a great encreafe of been brought to us from the Pyrenean Mountains,\ Roots, that they draw away the Nourifhment, to the as alfo out of Italy: the fixth and Seventh grow in| /poiling of the Flower : but if you tranfplant it, ta- _ Spain, in the Southern Parts of France, as alfo at | Aing away the Off-fets, and fet the Root fingle, it
onftantinople : the eighth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, | will thrive, and bear a goodly double Flotwer,, and of thirteenth and fifteenth grow in France, as about | 4 ty Sweet Smell. a: ; Mompelier : the eighth and ninth grow alfo natural- IV. The fecond, or Double purpte-ring’d, from a ly in many places in Spain, which are open to the | bulbed Root'has broad Leaves /pring up, httle dif-
ea; as alfo in Turkey: the tenth isa Native of | fering from the Leaves of the Single purpleringd, Italy, growing about Pi/a in Tufcany : i en it being probably of the fame Species. ‘The Flower teenth is accounted in Foreign Nations, as a Native (being fometimes but one on a Stalk, and fometimes of England. However, being brought to us from | /wo) confifts of fix white outer Leaves, as large a their native Places, she are nurs’d up here by the| #he Leaves ¢ the Single kind, having many fmalls curious Florift only in Gardens, where they flourith | yellow pieces, edged with purple Circles round about = well. them, inflead of a Cup * and in the midft of thefe
XIX. The Times. The fir/t, fecond and third,| pieces fland fix other white Leaves, leffer than the
after they have been accuftomed to our Climate,
former, and a yellow Cup, edged alfo with a purple flower very early, even with the fir/t fort of Daffo-| Circle, parted into pieces, and they comprebending a dils ; but many times upon their firft bringing over, few other white Leaves, fmaller than any of the o- they flower in January or February, if the Seafon is| ther, having among 1 hem fome broken pieces 0 the mild and warm, becaufe they are tender Plants, and Cup, with a few Chives in the middle of the Hower,
- oon perifh by being left abroad : the fourth and which # of a very foeet Smell * fifth Hower in April: the fixth and feventh flower V. The third, or Double-crown'd Turkey, haa earlier in Turkey than the others; fo alfo after ac- Root like unto the laft, or fomewhat larger, from cuftomed to our Air, where they flower in the end whence {pring forth three or four Leaves, as large ‘of March, or in April : the eighth flowers earlier and long almoft as the Great double white mext fo
than the reft by a Month, viz. in the beginning of
lowing ; the Stalk ts alfo near as great, and fi March, ot earlier, if the Weather is mild: the} 4 high, bearing at the top, four or frve Flowers, — ninth, rénth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth flower whofe Leaves are as large as the Early Narbone or in April, fome of them a little one before another : | Common French, (i cap. 190. fet. 10, 11.) but mob the fourteenth and fifteenth flower not till May. full out of fo pure a white color : they are fix ia XX. The Qualities, Specification, bebe 3s e
number, and ftand like the former French Da and Virtues, ate much the fame with thofe in Chap. | “00 named, but that the yellow Cup in the mid 189. aforegoing, to which I referr you.
this is thick and double, or as it were crumple ther, not flanding very high to be Seen, but low and fhort ; fo that it 7s not prefently taken of, unlefs precifely lookt upon. This Kower exceeding fweet Smell. “ VL The fourth, or Double white many: has a Roct great and thick, covered with a Skin, which fends forth many very broad long Leaves, more green than grey , among rifes up a firong round Stalk, being fometimes flat and ribbed, bearing four or five, or more, @” Flowers at the r, every one being very great, lars and double, the Leaves being. confufedly "hea ageth having little pieces of a yellow Cup running & them, witbout any foew pe that purple Ri in the former ; thefe fall aw fel oc even as all or moft other double Flower. beautiful and goodly lower, defirable f and Daplicty, as alfo for its exceeding firong Smell; one Stalk of Hlowers t ping | The ffib, or Great double
fers little or nothin in Root ¢
’
C HAP. CXCI.
of DAFFODIL broad-leav’d , double-flowred.
eo i HE Names. tis called in Greek, Natnia@ maarvqwaaG- mardracG@- > in Latin, Narciffus latifolius multiplici lore, vel flore pleno : in Exglifh, eo broad-leav'd, double-flowred.
L. The Kinds. There are fix feveral forts of this, viz. 1. Narciffius albus multiplex, The double white Daffodil. 2. Narciffus me Oe mul- triplex, The double purple-ring’d il. 3. Nar- ciffus medio luteus corona duplici, The double Crown’d Turkey Daffodil. 4. Narciffus Chalcedo- nicus flore pleno albo polyanthos, The double white Daffodil, with many Flayers. 5. Narciffus Chat-
Chater
tho’ they are double, and bear many upon a Stalk, like unto the former, yet this bas the pieces of the
yellow Cups tipt with purple, as if they were fhred or fcattered among the white Leaves, whereas the other bas only the yellow, without any appearance of
forpie Tips upon them: the Smell Sales is as flrong ind fweet as any of the other.
VU. The jixtb, or Many-flowred double yellow of Cyprus, has @ bulbed Root, like to the Baws and its Leaves are almoft as long and as broad as the other. ‘The Stalk is a foot bigh and more, bearing on its top four or five Howers, every one very double, of “pee pale yellow color, and of a ftrong fweet
me ll.
IX. The Places. The was brought into Exg-
Zand out of Cambray , ns it grows Wild. All
the reft came from Com/tantinople at feveral times :.
the daft alfo grows in Cyprus, and fome alfo fay in Barbary, about Argiers and Fez , and fome of grow in Candia, as alfo about Aleppo, and fome o- ther Places in the Turks Dominions. Now they are made Denizons of our Kingdom, and grow fre- quently in our Gardens. :
X. The Times. The Jef flowers about the mid- dle or end of April : the other Turkey kinds flower very early, in the middle or end of March, or beginning of Apri/ at fartheft.
XI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe in Chap. 189. afore- going, to which you are referred.
CHAP. CXCIL
Of DAFFODIL narrow-leawd, fingle-flowred. \
LJ" HE Names. It is called in Greek, Naguios@-
seviguaaG@- daats : in Latin, Narciffus angu- ftifolius fimplex : in Englifh, Single-flowred, narrow- leav'd Dafedil.
Il. The Kinds. The moft obferv’d are about nine in number, viz. 1. Narciffus anguftifolius albidus
-ecox oblongo calice, The early white narrow-leav’d Daffodil, with along Cup. 2. Narciffus medio cro- ceus tenuifolius, The Saffron-crown’d narrow-leav’d {mall Daffodil. 3. Narciffus minimus medio gre: reus, The leaft purple-ring’d Daffodil. 4. Narci/- fus minimus flore juncifolti, The leaft Daflodil of all. 5. Narciffus Autumnalis minor albus, The \it-
tle white Autumn Daffodil. 6. Narciffus Autumna-
lis albus medio obfoletus, The white Autumn Dafto- dil with a decayed Crown. 7. Narciffus anguftifo-
lius luteus femper florens, The yellow Italian Daf-
fodil, always flowering. 8. Narciffus angultifolius, vel juncifolius maximus amplo Calice, The Great
uilia with a large Flower or Cup. 9. Narci/- Sus Maen 28 Virginianus, feu Lilionarciffus
anus. irginia . The Deferiptions. The hip of tho or Far- ly white narrow-leav’d Daffodil, from a Ahous Root
s three or four narrow, long and very green Leaves, a foot long generally. The Stalk rifes not
» high asthe. on whieh ; one Flower, | Late Daffodil
Englifh Herbs.
273 dil) within which is a middle Pointel, compaffed with fix Chives, having yellow mealy Pendents.
IV. The fecond, or Saftron-crown’d narrow-leavd {mall Daffodil, bas a Root mall, round and a little long withal, covered with a blackifh Skin, which fends forth four or five narrow Leaves, about a fpan long ; among which rifes up a Stalk cig t, mine or ten inches bigh, bearing at top one Jmall white Flower, confifting of fix Leaves, with a {mall yellow Cup in the middle, fhaddowed over at the brims with a Saf- aa “The bird, or Leaft purpl bas ab
‘ third, or Lealt purple-ring’d, bas a bul- bous Root, {mall narrow Leaves, fhorter by much than ay of the Purple-ring’d Daffodils before defcribed.
Stalk and Flower keep an equal proportion to the reft of the Plant, being in Form and Color of the Flower like unto the Star Daffodil before defcribed, but unlike in Magnitude. The purple color which encircles the brims of the Cup, # fo mall, that fome- times it ¢s not eafily percerved.
VI. The fourth, or Leaft of all, bas a Root fmall, even the fmalleft of any Daftodil, and covered with a black Skin, from whence {pring two or three whitifh green Leaves, narrower than the two lalt a- foregoing, and fhorter by half, being not above two or three inches long; nor w the Stalk above three or four inches high, bearing one fingle Flower at top, fome- thing larger than the proportion of the Plant fhould Seem to admit, and not much unlike to the Leaft Ruth Daffodil, and of the fame bignefs, or rather fome- what bigger, being of a faint yellow color, both Leaves and Cup or Crown y J the middle pert “és Spread very much, even to the middle of the Leaves wach, and lyes flat open upon the Hower.
Il.. The fifth, or Little white Autumn, hes 2 bulbous finall Root, and blackifh on the outfide, which rifes with its Flowers ju out of the Ground, witb- out any Leaves at all. It firft fprings up with one or two Stalks three or Fa inches long, .every oné bearing, out of afmall Husk, one {mall white Hower, faid open abroad, like unto the Star white Daffodil before defcribed. In the midft of the Flower is a fmall yellow Cup, of a middle fize. After the Flower is paft, there comes in the fame place a {mall Head, - containing fmall, round, black Seed, like ynto the Autumn Hyacinth. After the Seed is ripe and gone, then fpring up the Leaves, which are fmall and nar- row, not much bigger than thofe of the Autumn Hy- acinth afore-named.
VIII, The fixth, or White Autumn with a decay- ed Crown, from its bulbous Root bas two or three Leaves at moft, and very narrow, (fo that fome ac+ count it among the Ruth Dattodils) fomewhat broad at bottom, and more peraee at top, between which Leaves comes up the Stalk, bearing ufually two Flow- ers, and no more, made of jix white Leaves apiece, pointed, and not round. e Cup is ee and round, like unto the Cup or Crown of the Leatt Ruth Daf- fodil, of 2 yellow color at bottom, but of a dun color towards she edge.
IX. The feventh, or Yellow Italian always flow- ering, bas a bulbous Root, from whence Spring a ee Ss of. —_ long, narrow, and very green Leaves, broader tha
of them be- ing fmall and yellow, with a feat ego gs ep. . never to ce,
arn «©
*
i ee : ;
276 Salmon’s Herbal. = Lib. I. ee SS. Like unto the Ruth Daffodils, but thicker and broader, Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Narciffus fo that it may very well be accounted among the Nar-| anguftifolius flore albo pleno, Narrow-leav'd white row-leav'd Daffodil8. Every Stalk bears at its top double-ower’d Daffodil. 2. Narciffus angufifolius two or three very fair large Eowers, with a large | flore aureo pleno, The narrow-leav'd double Golden- and more open Cup than in any of the faid Ruth Daf. | flower’d Daffodil. ; A fodils ; both of them of a fair yellow color but the\ WI. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Double Cup a little deeper than the Blower, and. a Wittle | flowred narrow-leav'd Daffodil, bas a Root very like’ crumpled about the edges, having a pretty ftrong or | unto the former Single Virginian Daffodil (im cap. foarp pleafant Smell. This Plant, — its Name,| 192. {e&t. 11.) but it is a little larger and rounder, - ‘fhould feem to be of the Ruth kind, ich Name it | a little long withal, and blackifh on the outfide, as obtained by reafon of the Likene[s¥f its Leaf to them: | that is, from whence rife up two Leaves, fomewhat ‘but in Confideration its Leaf is roader and larger | broader than that, but of a like Greenne/s.
- than any of the Ruth Daffodils,” Authors have placed | Stalk rifes up between thefe Leaves about a fpan it among the Natrow-leav’d, tho’ it might have in-| bigh, or not much bigher, bearing one fair double st differently been placed in the Rank of either Spe-| Snow-white Flower, very like in the Form or Shape cies. . ~ | to the Leffer French double Daffodil bereaf-
XI. The ninth, or Single white Virginian, has a\ter to be defcribed , for it is in like manner laido- Root fmall, long and round, blackifh on the outfide, | pen flat, and compofed of fix Rows of Leaves, every and white within , from whence rife up two or three Row lying in order jut oppofite, or one before ano
. long, and very narrow, green, Shining Leaves, grow- | ther, whereof thofe fix Leaves, which make es ayy
ing fometimes reddifh about the edges: between mee or outwardmoft Courfe, are the greateft, and all the Leaves rifes up the Stalk, about five or fix inches reft lying one upon or pate another, every Row be- high, or more, bearing on the Head thereof one Elow-| ing fmaller than the others : im the middle thereof er, and no more, ftanding upright, like a little Lilly | comes forth a fmall, long, pointed Fork or Horn, or Tulip, made of fix Leaves, wholly white, both white ter fort, like to the Flower it felf. within and without, except that at the bottom next IV. The fecond, or Double Golden narrow-leavd, to the Stalk, and a little on the backfide of the three | bas a Root almoft like the Common Junquilia, or outer Leaves, it bas a fmall dah of a reddifh purple | Ruth Daffodil, from which pring up very narrow color. It bas alfoin the middle a few Chives, ftand-| Leaves, four or five inches long, of a whitilh green ing about a fmall pointed ‘Head, which Head grows to| color , from among which rifes up a Stalk, about be fmall and long, containing Jmall, blackifh, flat foot bigh, bearing at the mp a Flower, confifting of
Seed. , “fome outward Leaves, ‘which are of a yellow color, | — XL The Places. The firft and Second of thefe and of many other Leaves in the middle, being fma grows with the Broad-leav'd ‘ones on the Pyrenean
ler, and fet thick and round together, of a more yee Mountains, from whence they were brought into our
low Gold color, but with fome whiter Leaves among _ Gardens : the native places of the third and fourth | them, the middle part a little Essesy 2 orth: the are unknown : the Ky th Clufius faw growing in
Flower bez long before it does pe ect its color, Spain : the fixth is alfoa Native of the fame Coun- | ad abides long in Flower before its color decays. try: the Original of the feventh is unknown: the
V. The Places. It has been found growing in a eighth we only know to grow in our Gardens : the feveral places of Virginia, from whence it has been ninth was brought to us from Virginia, where they
brought to us: it has alfo been found growing in “A grow in great abundance. All thefe, by Tranfplan- pie be
the Lawns of Carolina. a tation and Care, are now found to grow in Englifh\ VI. The Times. It flowers in Virginia towards Gardens.
the latter end of March, or beginning of April: but — MII. The Times. The firft flowers early, a
with us here in England in the end of Aprih i Month before the other Narrow-leav'd kinds, viz. VIL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations iy in the very beginning of Merch, if the Weather is the Daf-
by 4 ra} Virtus are faid to = ere with fl mild ; the fecond, third and ourth flower in April : | J ils in Chap.189. towhich 1reterr you. , the fifth ican in the ee of Autumn, and| VIII Ax Obfervation. I have been told by fome . the Seed is ripe in the end of Oé/ober, in hot Coun- | of the Indians, that if the Juice of the Root be gi tries , but in ours, it feldom comes to more thar | ven for fome confiderable time, inwardly in te Flowering : the fixth flowets in Autumn : the fe- Spring of the Year ; and that_the Root it fel venth flowers all the Summer long, whence came bein beaten and made into a Cataplafm, be a the fame time applied to Tumors in the Ned
the Addition to its Name of Semper florens : the time _ eighth flowers in April , and the Ccoih in the end of | Throat, it will cure them. I fuppofe the Tumors» ae
April, and beginning or fore part of the Month of here meant, are Strumous. ring May. ee <iV. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations | ae and Virtues, are accounted the fame with the Daf- fodils in Chap. 189. aforegoing, fo that no more need be faid thereof:
-
DAFFODIL. Rubh, fing flowred. eee
| | of CH A P.. CXCIIL.
+ -
| LP HE Names, I is called in Greek, §
of DAFFODI L narrow-leav’d, — Speivdidng dats : in Latin, Nareif
double-flowred. : D dil para ingle ; ak
LS PCHE Names. Ieis called in Greek, Rare yoquarG- mardrrc@- * in Latin, Narcifjus angupiifolius fore pleno: in Englifh, Daffodil nar- row-leav d double flowred, Ee.
Roots, Leaves, Stalk or Flowers, fave, that as the laft bad the Leaves of the Flower, which turns up again yellow,and the Cup whitifh ; fo this bas contrariwife, the turning up Leaves of a whitifh yellow, and the long a yellower , otherwife the df erence bs incon fiderable. ; IX. The feventh, or a with a great Cup,
Funcifolius albus magno Calice, The white Junquilia with a great Cup. 3. Narciffus Funcifolius flore albo reflexo, The white turning Junquilia, or Rufh Daffodil. 4. Narciffus Funcifolius flore luteo re- exo, The yellow turning Junquilia, or Rufh Daf- fodil. 5. Narciffus Funceus Calice albo foliis re- flexis Juteis, The yellow turning Junquilia with a white Cup. 6. Narciffus Funceus Calice luteo fo- his refixts albidis, The white turning Junquilia with a yellow Cup. 7. Narciffus Suen uteus mag: no Calice, The ease or Rufh Daffodil with a great Cup. 8. Narciffus Lagoa ni luteus vulga- ris major, The common or ordinary Junquilia, or : - Ruth Daffodil. 9. Naveifiés Fuscrfolivs luteus me- dius, The middle-fiz’d Junquilia, or Ruth Daffodil. ‘10. Narciflus Funcifolius luteus minor, The leffer Junquilia, or Rufh Daffodil. 11. Narciffus Funci- folius luteus, lineis albicantibus diftindus, The yel- low Junquilia, or Ruth Daffodil with white Lines. 12. Narcifjus Funcifolius Autumnalis flore viridi, The Autumn Rufh Daffodil, or Junquilia, with a green Flower. Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or White Jun- quilia, bas a_fmall bulbous Root,covered with a black- ih Skin , from whence [pring forth fmall long Leaves, a little broader, and of a whiter green color than the Ordinary yellow Junquilia, or Ruth Daffo- dil. The Stalk rifes up half a foot high or more, bearing two or three {mall white Flowers upon a Stalk, yet andes larger than the Common yellow Jun- quilia, having a fmall round Cup in the middle, white alfo as the Leaves are. e Seed is fmall, black and round, asthe Seeds of other Daffodils are. IV. The fecond, or White with a great Cup, bas a Root, Leaves and Stalk in all refpetts like the for- mer; the Flower and Seed is alfo like, but in this it differs, that the Cup in the middle of the Flower is a ‘little larger than the former.
The third, or White turning, bas @ bulbous or round Root, fmall, and a little long witbal, covered with a blackifh brown Skin , from whence {pring up four or five long green Leaves, yet fhorter and broad- er than the Common yellow Junquilia, and fully
as green, from among which rifes up a flender green | Stalk, a fa high, bearing at its top, out of a skinny 4 Husk, three or four, or more Snow-white Flowers, f ftanding upon long green Foot-ftalks, every Hower b hanging down its Head, and turning up its fix nar- ‘row and long Leaves, even to avery Foot-ftalk again : from the middle of the Flower bangs down a long round “Cup, as white as the Leaves, within which are con- tained three fmall white Chives, tipt with yellow, and . a fall long Pointel, thrufting out beyond the *brims | _ of the Cup: after the Flowers are paft, there comes hy ‘up in their places fmall three-fquare Heads, in which be ‘is contained very fmall, round and black Shining ‘Seed. The Flower is white, without any good Smell, ‘or indeed rather none at all,
has a round or bulbous Root, from which {pring larger Leaves, and longer than the Ordinary or Common yellow Junquilia, being a little flat on one fide, and round on the other, but of the fame Greennefs with all the reft': the Stalk rifeth up two feet high, bear- ing two, and fometimes three Flowers thereon, being Fa fair yellow color, with a large open Cup in the middle, of a little deeper yellow color, like unto the- Great Junquilia with the great Flower before de- Seribed, of which this doubtlefs is a kind, but that this iy fmaller and leffer than that, both in Leaf and Flower, and Cup, &c. being fomewhatleffer in all its other parts.
lia, bas a round or bulbous Root, which is blackifh on the outfide, from which fpring four or five long, round, green Leaves, like unto Rufhes, from whence came the Name; from among which Leaves rifes up a Stalk, round and green, a foot and balf or more high, bearing at the top three ar four Flowers, all yellow, but much fmaller than the laft, and fo is the Cup alfo. The Seed is fmall and black, enclofed in Small cornered Heads. The Smell of the Flower ts very wees in all thefe forts of Junquilia, or Ruth odils
ils.
XI. The ninth, or Middle-fiz’d Junquilia, # dike unto the former in its bulbous Root, Ruth-like Leaves, Stalks and Flowers, fave, that the Leaves are fmal- ler and rounder, the Stalk rifes up not fo high, nor are the Flowers fo great, but the Leaves of the Flow-
former, but in all things elfe they are alike, this be- ing only the leffer.
XIE. The tenth, or Small Junquilia, has a Root round, {mall and black, very like unto the laft, from whence {pring up five or fix {mall green Leaves, a little broader, but not fo long as the laft ; from a mong which rifes up aStalk almoft a foot bigh, bear- ing one or two {mall Flowers at the top, of a paler yellow color than the former, with a yellow open Cup (or Crown rather) in the middle, bigger than in et- ther of the two oi ;
XU. The e/eventh, or Yellow Junquilia with white'Lines, hes a Root not differing from the for- mer, from which Spring forth round, lone, green Leaves, like to the Ordinary or Common Rufh Daf fodil, with a Stalk bearing two or three yellow Flow- ers, having Leaves fomewhat round at the point or end, with a Line or Strake. of white in the middle of every one of them: the Cup a frort and Crown- fafbion, anda little crumpled about the edges or brims. The Seed is like to the other kinds.
XIV. The twe/fib, or Autumn Rufh with a green Flower, fends forth from its Root but one only Leaf, ‘very long, round and green, which while this green “Leaf is frefh and to be feen, bears no Flower 5 but that being faded away, a Stalk afterwards rifes up, very much like to the farmer green Leaf, round, na- . ked and green up to the top, where two or three Cup, bas from Flowers break forth out of a Phen thin Skin, every * Leaves rifing up, and , one confifting of fix fmall and narrow green Leaves, | very al te at the end, and as it were ending
in a fmall Prick or Thorn , in the middle of which 1s a fmall round Cup, ( or rather Crown) of the fame color with the Leaves and Stalk , which Flower fmells ver} ee tt unto the reft of the Ruth Daffodils
y iat) Seeds 2s i a Oe da
. The Places. The original ot riative es
X. The eighth, or Common or Ordinary Jong
er are a little rounder, and not fo pointed as in the
a
278 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I.
from whence thefe have been brought to us, were] of White Wine or warm Water, in the Mori Ttaly, Spain, the Pyrenean Mountains, and Southern | fafting ; it carries off thick and vifcous Humans,
_ Parts of France : the twe/fth isa Native of Barbary, |and the Matter which caufes the King’s-evil : Some and was brought to us from France. Now, by ras mix it with Vinegar for the fame purpofe. I alfo duftry and careful Cultivation, they are all become purges downwards afterwards, the reft of tho free Denizons, if not Natives of our Country, where, | thick tough Recrements. cS in the Gardens of our Florifts, they thrive very} IX. Obferv. 2. Ihe Decottion in Wine. It does well. alfo the fame thing with the Juice, but it is ples:
XVI. The Times. They moft of them flower in| fanter, and works more gently, and moftly by the Spring, in March, (if it is mild) and Apri/|if it is corre&ted with Amifeed, Ginger and other and May, the Seed ripening in fome reafonable time Pyet, to abate the ChurlifhnefS of the Working. after: but the laft or twe/fth flowers not till Ofo- 1 have found it by Experience to be good againft a ber, and the Frofts coming foon after, caufes it fud-| Paralyfis, if it was recent, and the Patients had denly to perith. Strength and Youth on their fides.
XVII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations! %X. Obferv. 3. Ihe Root made into a Casplses and Virtues, are much one and the fame with thofe] and applied, or zzto an Ointment, as you do Pile — of the Common Daffodils in Chap. 189. to which I] wort Roots, is an excellent thing to be applied to
refer you. Strumous Tumors or Swellings in the Throat or o-
nd oat whether they be whole, or broken and cerat ta
CHAP. CXCV. | CHAP. CXCVL
Of DAFFODIL Ruhh, double- ; Of DAFFODIL Sea.
flowred.
I*Y° HE Names. It is called in Greek, Naguio® | 1. HE Names. It is calked in Greek, Natule@ __ongivddas mrraxrcG-, BiaC@- suennds: in Latin, éaddins x) Qardon@ : in Latin, Narciffus Ma- Narciffus Funcifolius flore multiplici, Narciffus Fun-| rinus vel Litoralis,; and in Englifh, Sea Daffo- ceus flore pleno, Bulbus Vomitorius Diofcoridis flore | dit. pleno: in Englifh, Rufb Daffodil, or Fungquilia| Wl. The Kinds. There are four kinds thereof: double-flowred. . | the fir? is commonly called, Narciffics Marinus mag- ' II. The Kinds. There are but two ufual kinds of | aus, five Tertius Mattioli, The great white Sea this double fort, wz. 1. Narciffus Funcifelius lute-\ Daftodil, or Matthiolus his third Daffodil. Clufus us flore pleno, The double Junquilia, or Ruth Daf-| called it Littonarciffus Hemerocallis and Hemerocal- fodil. 2. Narciffus Funcifolius luteus flore pleno| lidis facie; and yet this feems not to be a proper minor’, The \effer Junquilia, or Rufh Daffodil. | Name, for that his Hemerocallis is a plain Pamera-
Ill. The Defcriptions. Ihe firft of thefe bas a tion, or Sea Baftard Daffodil, whole middle =e Root which is bulbous or round, and blackifh brown | longer than the Cup of any true Daffodi/, whichis on the outfide, fo like unto the Common Ruth Daf-} the chiefeft Note of Difference between a Trwe and fodil, that it is almoft impeffible to know the one from|a Baftard Daffodil. It may moft fitly be called, the other , from which {pring forth long, round, green | Narcifjus Marinus maximus, The greateft Sea Dat- Leaves, like the Leaves of the Common or Ordinary | fodil, becaufe it is a true Daffodil, and the it Junquilia, or Ruth Daffodil, and of the fame Lessee. of all others ; as alfo becaufe it has found — among which rifes up a long, flender, green Stalk, bearing two or three, feldom more, {mall Flowers, yellow and double, viz. with feveral Rows of Leaves, having the yellow Cup fuch as is in the fingle Flower, broken into fmall Jbreds or pieces, running among the Leaves of the Flowers ; which pieces in fome Flowers are not fo eafily feen, being fmaller than in others. This bears no Button or Head under the Flower, for Seed.
IV. The fecond, or Leffler kind, is in its Root, Leaves, Stalk and Flowers very like to the former, fave that its Flowers are fmaller, and not fo double, being one, two or three at moft upon a Stalk, and alfo of much lefs Beauty.
V. The Places. They ate Natives of Italy, Tur- key, Spain, the Pyrenean Mountains, and fome Southern parts of France: but Hourifh very well with us in our Gardens.
VI. The Times. Their chief times of flowering are in March, April and May.
Vii. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, axe much the fame with thofe of the Common Daffodil in Chap. 189. aforegoing.
VIIE An Obfervation. The Fuice of the Root, whether of fingle or double Funguilia’s. It may be iven, to caufe Vomit and cleanfe the St om 1 fpoonfil to 2 or more, mixed with a
chiefly in Iflands, or Places near the Sea. 2. Nar- ciffus Indicus Autumnalis quorundam Lobelii, Pane cratium Indicum, The Indian Autumn Sea Daffodil — of Lobel. 3. Narciffus Marinus Africanus, foe Exoticus Lobelii, The African Sea Daffodil. ce Narcifjus Marinus Exoticus, The ftrangeSea Dale fodil: of all which in order. Dt Ul. The Defcriptions. The Pe. or Great white — Sea Daffodil, bas a Root which by Age ora longCon- tinuance, ftanding in one place Bis os being remo ved, grows to be much greater and larger than amy a6 : other Daffodil ny aya Ne 2 to be bey of
=) ;=
as any Ordinary Squil.or Sea Onion, bai the outfide, and having many long, thick and white Fibres or long Roots, varioufly branched, and fpread under the upper part of the Earth, befides fome others which grow downwards, and perifh not ver oy as the Fibres of all or moft of the other Datk for which Reafon this Plant will net thrive Flowers, if it is often inca i platen, but de wit, oving, an
*
continue in one place ving, it may not be overfbadowed with other ing too near it, which then will flouri~h,
ae” i y ft ae
¥ ies
' of a blewifh purple color, with a large roun
Chap. 197. Exghifo Herbs.
midft of thefe Leaves, as alfo from the fides, fprings\ of Ay up one Stalk, and fometimes two, or more, thick and | September and Oitober.
ing up at the end, tipt with a yellow Pendent, and Some other white Threads, tipt with yellow Pendents,
IV. The fecond, or Indian Autumn Sea, has a Root, as Lobel fays, a fpan long, and of the thick- nes of a Man's Arm, covered with many white Shells, f which the outwardmoft are of a dark red > Or Cheft-nut color. The Wowers are eight or ten in number, every one by its felf upon a fhort Foot-ftalk, made of fix see apiece, fomewhat long, narrow and pointed, like unto the Flowers of the Englith Colchicum, or Meadow Saffron, of a whitifh yellow dun color, with fix long Threads in the middle.” The green Leaves aré long and broad, and broad-pointed. Some are of Opinion, that this Plant comes nearer to
the Refemblance of an Hyacinth than of a Daffodil ;
but Lobel bas numbered it among the Daffodils, whom oe kinds.
we here follow, yet leave it to others Fudgments to determine of which kind it is.
V. The third, or African Sea, bas a Root very reat, made as it were of many fcaly Cloves, from whence rifes up a fmall fhort Stalk, bearing, a little above the Ground, two fair, broad, &reen, pointed Leaves, longer than they are broad, Jo encompaffing the Stalk at the bottom, that it feems to run t rough them : the Stalk is Spotted with divers difcolored Spots, and is bare or naked from thefe two Leaves unto the top, where it bears one fair double Flower, tke unto a Double Anemone, of @ diluted reddifh color, tending to a blufh, with many Threads Set a- bout the middle Head.
VI. The fourth, or Strange Sea Daffodil, has a Root which is very great, yet like unto other Great Daffodils ; zhe outward Skins of which are of a dark brown color. Fromthis Root rife up five or fix large and long Leaves, of a pale green color 5 from among which arifes up a ftrong and large Stalk, bearing at zop, out of a thin Husk or Skin, many very large Flowers, made of fix long and pointed Leaves piers,
open Cup in the middle, of a fadder color than he Leaves. -
VII. The Places. The firft was found by the Sea fide in the Ifle of Sardinia, ‘and on the high Moun- tains alfo of the fame Ifle, where it has born (by Report ) thirty five Flowers upon a Stalk: it grows alfo about Iyricum, and other Maritine places of the Mediterranean. The fecond grows in the upper part of Hi/paniola in the Weft Indies. The third grows near the Cape of Good Hope, from whence it was brought into Holland. The /a/?, the place of its Origin is unknown, but now they are all nou- rifh’d up in Gardens.
VIL. The Times. The firft fj tings later out of the Ground than any other Daffodil, viz. about the latter end of March or beginning of April, and flowers in the end of May or beginning of Fuze ; and the Seed is ripe in the end of Fuly or beginning
monly taken notice of, viz.
Slicus vulgaris, Out commo fodil. 2. Pfeudonarciffus A Another common Englifh w 3. Pfeudonarciffus tubo Baftard Daffodil. nicus maximus, The g Daffodil. Anglico fimilis, The M 6. Pfeudonarciffus
w-colored Baftard Da donarciffus Hifpanicus flore albo m white Spanith Baftard Daffodil. _ Hifpanicus maximus albidus, T white Baftard Daffodil.
nicus flore albo medius €7 white Spanifh Baftard Daffodils.
mn, Viz. in
Sourth flow- hs, earlier or later, as the
Specification, Preparations and me with thof o
the @ n Chap. 189. aforegoing, Ani
which fee in their
CHAP. CxcVvIL
Of DAFFODIL Baftard, broad: leav’d fingle-flowred.
HE Names. It is called in Greek, Yeudwrds. xta@ waarveharG daats :
ffodil broad-leav’d
in Latin, Pfeudo- in Exglifh, Baftard
ne feveral kinds com- 1. Pfeudonarcifjus An- n Englith Baftard Daf- aris alter, hite Baftard Daffodil. exangulari, The fix-cornered Seudonarcifjus aureus Hi teat yellow Spanith Baltard illus Pyreneus Hifpanico €F ountain Baftard Daffodil of Pallidus pracoxs ffodil. 7. Pfeu- aor, The greater 8. Pfeudonarciffies he greateft Spanifh 9. Pfeudonarcifjus Hifpa- The leffer and mean
Pe:
I. The
Salmon’s
280
ae Seeming three-fquare, containing round black eed,
V. The fecond, or Our common Englith white, r i Root, fe and Stalk, like to bes in al- moft all refpetts : but the Wings of its Flower are much more white than the former, and in a manner of a Milk-white color, the Trunk remaining almoft @ yellow as that in the aforegoing, but not differing in any thing elfe.
. The third, or Six-cornered, has a Root like to the others, from whence {pring two or three long and Somewhat broader Leaves than in the two aforegoing ; between which comes forth a Stalk, bearing one Flow- er, fomewhbat large, having the fix outward Leaves
of a pale yellow color, and the long Trunk plaited or | [0
cornered all along, unto the very edge, into fix parts, of a little deeper yellow than the Wings. VI. The ‘hurt or Great yellow Spanifh, has a reafonable great Root, and blackifh on the outfide, preffing deep into the Ground, and therefore will run n, where it will encreafe into many Off-fets , from whence rife up many thick, long and fi Leaves, of a greyifh green color , among which rifes up a round _ ftrong Stalk, fometimes a yard bigh or higher, bear- ing at the top one only fair large yellow Flower, Standing forth right, and not pendulous, confifting of Jix Short and fomewhat broad Leaves, with a very great, large and long Trunk, of an equal Bigne/s, but open at the Mouth, and turning up the brims a little, which are fometbing crumpled. When the Flower 7s paft, there comes in the hae a three-/quare Head, containing round black Seed, like to other
affodils. VII. The fifth, or Mountain Baftard, of divers kinds ; they bave all of them a bulbous Root, which is
blackifh on the outfide : but of this there are feveral\ fer than the two former White Spanifh Daf
forts, as, 1. One which bas very broad and whitifh green Leaves, fomething fhort in Comparifon with o- thers of that breadth : the Eower is wholly yellow, but a little paler than the former Spanifh kind, ba- ‘ving the Leaves of its Flower long and a little nar- row, flanding like Wings about the middle of the Trunk, which is as long as the Leaves, and _fmaller than in many others of this kind, but a litthpyellower than the Wings. 2. One which bas narrower green Leaves than the former, and longer ; the Flower is all yellow, but the Trunk is larger, wider and more open at the Mouth than the other, and almoft as large as the former Spanifh, but not fo high as the laft. 2. One which has the Wings of the Flower, of aStraw color, but the Trunk is long and narrow, of a fair yellow. 4. One which bas fuch like Flowers, but that it is fhorter, both in the Wings and the Trunk. 5. Another which has the Wings ef the Flower longer than the long Trunk, and fometimes fhorter. 6. A- nother which bas its Wings all yellow, or only a little more pale or white, like to the Englifh kind. 7. O- thers which have their Trunks long and narrow, or larger, and wider open, and crumpled at the
T1MS.
VIII. The fixth, or Early Straw-colored, from a bulbous Root, has Leaves rifing up, of a mean fize, between the broadeft and narrower kinds, of a greyifb
Herbal. Lib. |,
ifh ari
Rraight outright. All the whole Flower is es ellow, not fk fe. =
fee. 6. above, but does not enero oma
covered with a black, but rather with a
be defcribed in Le&. 10. vbole Flou Trunk as Wings, is much larger than the white kinds, and a/moft equalling the firft
white, bas a being manner th in its
nefs therein, and more upon the firft opening of the Flower than afterwards, and is as great altogether as the Spanifh yellow, at the /eaft with a longer. Somewhat narrower Trunk, after which come Hi of Seed, like the former, ee XI. The ninth, o* Leffer and mean white Sp are two other, one leffer than another, and bo
The Roots of both are like one another, but do in Greatne{s. The Leaves of both are of at green color, one a little broader than the other. KHowers of both are pure white, and bending their Heads, that they es touch the Stalk the greater Flower has the longer aud nai Trunk; and the leffer Flower, the fhorter and’ open; yet both alittle crumpled at the edges or From the Seed of thefe has {prung great Variety, few or none keeping either the Color or Height 7 “their Original. eh XII. The Places. The firft is common thro al England, in Copfes, Woods and Orchards, infom that by its growing Wild, it is of the lefler vali in our Gardens. The fecond is alfo Englifh, 1 found growing on the Pyrezcan Mountains. — third grows in Gardens. The fourth was br out of Spain. Thefifth, fixth, feventh, eight ninth came from the Pyrenean Mownta alfo found in fome of Spain:
they all grow in Gardens only. Bet XIIL. “the Times. The frlt, econd and:
the moft early: all the reft flower in Ay
the greateft yellow, fomewhat earlier ia
greater or lefler white. ie XIV. The Qualities, Specification, . and Virtues , uals, Speen ; ~ a
Li Jd Out
ar sp
*
’ iis
Chap. 190. Englifh Herbs.
ot Vulgar Daffodils in Chap. 189. aforegoing, to which you are referred. ;
-C H A P. CXCVII.
of D AF F O DIL Baftard, broad- leav'd double-flowred.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, ‘¥evsbrde- mesQ- rraTuwar@ marérrn@ : in Latin, Pfeudonarciffus latifolius flore multiplici ; and in Englifh Baftard Daffodil broad-leav'd, with double lowers.
Il. The Kinds. Of this fort there are five kinds,
ok affodil, or Parkinfon’s
III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Englifh double Baftard, bas a Root which is fmall, very like unto the French double kinds, especially the Leffer, to which it is fo like, that it is bard to know the one from the other. like unto the Single kinds, being of a whitifh green color, and fomething broad, a little fhorter and nar- rower, yet ftiffer than the following French kind. The Stalk rifes up about a foot high, bearing at top one very double Flower, the outermoft Leaves being of the fame pale color which is to be feen in the Wings of the Single kind , thofe which ftand next them are fome of as deep a yellow as the Trunk of the Single, and other fine of the fame pale color, with fome green Stripes on the back of divers of the Leaves. ‘Thus is the whole Flower variably mixt with pale and deep yellow, and fome green Stripes a- mong them, when it is fully open, and the Leaves difperfed and broken. Sometimes the Flower fhews
_ a clofe and round yellow Trunk in the middle, fepa- rate from the pale outward Wings , which Trunk is very double, fhewing fome pale Leaves within it, . difperfed among the yellow: and fometimes the Trunk . is more open, or in part broken, fhewing forth the fame colors intermixt within it. At length the . Flower paffes away, and without giving any Sced, as all other bulbous Roots do, which bear double Fow-
ers.
IV. The feco
| ble, ( called by Pe
aol Samah par r een color, Sie hace filonaing :
From this Root arife Leaves very | Gr
251 in number, and thicker and rounder fet together, making it to feem as great and double as any Pro- vince Rofe, and intermixt with divers yellow and pale Leaves, as it were in Rows, one under another. It continues long in Flower, and Spreads by flanding long, to be the broadeft in Compafs of any of the Dat- fodils ; but it fades away at laft without grving ary Seed, as all double Daftodils do..
V. The third, or Engli t yellow double Baftard, bas a thick great bulbous Root, which en- creafes as well as any other Daffodil, from which
ing three or four large, long and broad Leaves, omewhat longer and broader than the former, and of a whitifh green color. The Stalk rifes to be about two feet bigh, if it grows in a fat and fruitful Soil, and is ftrong and fometbing round, bearing at the top, out of a thin Husk or Skin, one large and fair double Flower, each Leaf of which is twice as large and broad as the laft defcribed, varioufly intermixt with a Row of paler, and a Row of deeper yellow Leaves, wholly difperfed throughout the Flower, the pale color as well as the deeper yellow, inthis as well as in the Small Englifh kind, growing deeper by flanding : fometimes the Leaves thereof are /cut- tered and f{pread wholly, making it fhew a fair, broad,
en Flower ; and fometimes the outer Leaves Rg eparate from the middle Trunk, which is whole and unbroken, and very thick of Leaves ,; and fometinies the middle Trunk will be half broken, neither ex- prefing a full open double Hower, nor a clofe double runk, as it is alfo feen in the Small Englith kind : at length the Flower paffes off without bearing any Seed. This Great double Baftard Daffodil does jo near refemble our Common double Englifh kind, that there is little other Difference found between them, but in the Largenefs of the Leaves and Flow- ers, and in its Stateline{s, and magnificent way of
owing.
VI. The fourth, or Great double yellow Spanifh, has a great bulbous Root, covered with a dark-colored Skin, and whitifh on the infide: from this Root di- vers Leaves rife up, fliffer, narrower, and not of fo whitifh a green color as the former, but more dil or greyifb, plainly refembling the Leaves of the Sin- gle great kind ; from whence °tis faid this took its Original: The Stalk hereof alfo rifes almoft as high as it, and near the height of the laft defcribed, beur- ing one double Flower at 0p always fpread open, and never forming a double Trunk, like the former, yet not fo ‘oa and large as it ; the outermoft Leaves whereof, being of a greenifh color at firft, are after- wards more yellow, and doa little turn themfelves back again to the Stalk : the other Leaves are fome of a pale yellow, others of a more Gold yellow color : thofe which ftand in the middle are fmaller, and fome of them fhew as if they were hollow-trunked ; fo that ig Seem to be greenifh, whitifh, yellow and Gold- yellow, all mixed one among another, Parkinfon thinks bimfelf to be the firft that ever bad this Flow- er in England, bis being of bis own raifing, and
Leaves,
of the fame pale whitifh yellow or Limon color with a Oo the
282 Salmon's Herbal
the Leffler, or rather a little whiter, and not fet in the fame Order of Rows, as that is, but more confu- Sedly together, “and turning back the ends of the outermoft Leaves to the Stalk again, neither of which is found in the Leffet kind.
VII. The Places. The firlt is natural of our own Country ; for Gerard found it in an old Womans Garden in the Weft of England, where it grew be- fore the Woman came to dwell there: and Parkin- e fays, That he heard that it was a Native of
e Ile of Wight. The fecond is unknown as to its Original, but it feems to-be a Native in Foba Tra- defcant his Garden. The third, as far as we can learn, is an Engii/b Plant, growing in the Garden of Vincent Sion, (a Fleming) dwelling on the Bank fide of the River Thames, from whom Mt. Wilmer of Stratford Bow had it , after which it went by Wilmer’s Name. The fourth, Parkinfon fays, was of his own raifing : he fays it was affuredly raifed ftom the Seed of the Great Spanifh fingle kind, which he fowed in his own Garden, and cherifhed it, till it gave fuch a Flower as is defcribed. The laft, its Origin is not certainly known; fome think it came from France, others ftom Germany.
IX. The Times. They all flower much about one time, viz. from the middle of March, as the Year is in forwardnef$, unto thé middle of A- ril.
X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are much the fame with thofé of Common Daffodil in Chap. 189. afotegoing, which fee in the place cited.
CHA P. CXCIX.
Of DAFFODIL Baftard, narrow- leav'd fingle-flowred.
I.“ HE Names. It is called in Greek, Yevdtyds-
xia sevoguaaG éaats: in Latin, Pfeudonar- ciffus anguflifolius flore heated : in Englfh, Baftard Daffodil narrow-leav'd with fingle Flowers.
if The Kinds. Of this there are three feveral
forts, viz. 1. Pfeudonarciffus anguftifolius lore fla- vefcente Tubo quafi abfciffo, Baftard Daffodil narrow- leav’d, with a clipt Trunk. 2. Pfeudonarciffns Hi- Spanicus medinvs © minor luteus, Spanith yellow Baftard Daffodils, the two lefler kinds. 3. P/ew- donarciffus Hifpanicus luteus minimus, The leaft Spanifh yellow Baftard Daffodil.
IJ. The Deferiptions. The firft, or Natrow- leav’d Baftard, with a clipt Trunk, bas @ bulbous Root, from which fpring long and narrow greyifh green Leaves, bearing one fingle Flower at the top of its Stalk, like unto the former Single Baftard kinds, having its outer Leaves of a pale yellow color, and its Trunk of a deeper yellow. The chief Differences of this from the Englith double Baftard zx the former Chapter, is in the Leaves, being narrow, and then in the Trunk of the Flower, which 7s not crumpled or turned up, as moft of the otbers are , and that the brims or edges of the Flower, are as if they bad been clipt off or cut even.
IV. Poon, or Spanifh yellow Baftard leffer kinds, have @ Root which is but fmall, and covered with a darkifh Skin. Thefe two Lefler kinds do dif- fer but in Greatnefs the one from the other, and not in any thing elfe , fo that in defcribing the one, you may underftand the other. The Leffler then bas three or four narrow; fhort, whitifh green Leabes , from
: ee Lib, |. e ° among which comes forth a fhort Stalk, not above on Hand Breadth or balf a foot bigh, bearing one Jingle Flower, not fully flanding out right, but a little bending down, confifting of fix fmall Leaves, land. ing as Wings about a fmall but long Trunk, a litle — crumpled at the brims. The whole.Eower, as wel] Leaves ax Trank, aré of one deep yellow color, like unto ee oe apap th yell
-V. The third, or Leaft Spani ow Baftard has a’ Root fmaller than either of the former ; the Leaves of this Small kind are fmaller and Shorter than the laft, feldom exceeding the length of three inches, and very narrow withal, but of the fame greyifh green color with the former ; every ftands upon a (mall and fhort a be fearce rifing above the Grottad , fo that its of, for the moft part, does lye on oF towch the Earth, and Ped after the fame Fafbion, and of the fame color with thofe immediately going before, but much leffer.
I. The Places. The firft is a Native of the Pyrenean Mountains. The fecond are Natives of Spain: and the third was-alfo brought ftom thence to us: and are all now nurs’d up in out Gardens,
VIL. The Times. The firft flowers at the end of March. The fecord and third about the beginti of March : but with us they flower fomething | ba of a ctien %) re Clime. a
. The ities, Specification, Preparations
tot yg gah art much re le . odils in Chap. 189. aforegoing ; but are fi Dota to Be Thanet Weekert ss
CHAP CE
Of DAFFODIL Baftard, narrow: leav'd double-flowred. oF Ate
LT HE Names. It is called in Greek, Ywlbdy. xlos@ sevdeuar.@ avaradrrc@-: in Latin, Pfew- : donarcifus anguftifolius flore multiplici, vel Paik and in Exglifh, Baftard Daffodil narrow-leavd, with a rye hi dite . Ihe Kinds. It is fingularis [ai generis,
out any fub-ordinate Species ; and is vulgarly cal led, Pfeudonarciffus Gallicus minor flore pleno, The lefler French double Baftard Daffodil, = =
IIL. The Defcription. The Roors of this Lelle — French kind, are /ike unto the Double Englith kind, as alfo to the former Double greater French kin’, and the Leaves are of the fame whitifh yeni alfo, but narrower, and not longer : the Stalk rifese lutle higher than the Englith, and not fully fo bigh ; at the Greater French, bearing one fair double How er on its top, of a pale yellow or Limon cOlor, con- Sifting of fix Rows of Leaves, every Rowgrowing Jmaller than other unto the middle, and fo se placed, that every Leaf of the Flower does ia ot rettly almoft in all, one upon or before a we the middie, where the Leaves are fmalleft, the outer moft being the greateft,. which makes the wid the more beautiful. - This and the Greater’ D bt no Trunk, or fhew of any otber thing imtbe mith, as all or moft of the other former Daffodils beve, but are Flowers wholly comp Leaves, ftanding double even to the middle kinfon doubrs whether this or rhe Greater French ftatd, ought to be called Baftard Daffodils becaufe the lower in neither of them ts made the kafhion of other Baftard: Daffodils, tut refembles the Form of the Double white!Daft
283
Chap. 201. | Englifh “Horbs. :
IV. The Places. This French double kind grows| VIII. The Times.. The three firft Hower in Apri/: about Orleance in France, where it plentifully a- | the laft flowers a Month later, viz. in May.
bounds ; but with us in England, it is only nurs’d up in Gardens.
V. The Times. It flowers from the middle of March to the middle of April.
MI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, axe the fame with the Common Daffodil, all which are difcourfed in Chap. 189. aforegoing.
CHAP. CCL Of DAFF ODIL Baftard,Ruth-leav'd.
L.“J" HE Names. It is called in Greek, ‘Yevdbvde-
xtax@- onowddns > in Latin, Pfeudonarciffus
pene vel Funceus : in Englifh, Baftard Rufh affodil.
Il. The Kinds. Authors make four feveral forts of this Plant,viz. 1.Pfeudonarciffus Funcifolius albus, The white Baftard Junquilia, or Rufh Daffodil. 2. Pfeudonarciffus Funcifolius luteus major, The greater yellow Baftard Junquilia, or Baftard Ruth Daffodil. 3. Pfeudonarciffus Funcifolius luteus minor, The leffer yellow Baftard Junquilia, or Rufh Daffodil. 4. Pfeudonarciffus Functfolius luteus ferotinus
The late yellow Baftard Junquilia, or Ruth Daf- fodil
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or White Ba- ftard Junquilia, has a bulbous Root, from which rife up two or thrée long and very green Leaves, ve “ike unto the Small yellow Junquilia, or Ruth Dat fodil before = Latins but not altogether~-fo round : Strom among wohich rifes up a fhort Stalk, about fix inches high, bearing at top, out of a skinny Husk, one fall white Flower, fometimes declining to a pale color, having fix fmall and fhort Leaves ftanding a- bout the middle of the Trunk, which is long, and much wider open at the mouth than atthe bottom. The fmall outward Leaves or Wings are a little tending to green, and the Trunk, as I faid, is either white or.whitifh, having the brims or edges a little uneven. The Seed is fmall, black and round, like unto other Junquilia, or Ruth Daffodils; bur Smaller.
IV. The fecond, or Greater yellow Baftard Jun- quilia, bas a bulbous Root, bigger than the former , and the Leaves of thw Greater kind are /onger, greater anda little broader than the laft defcribed. The Stalk alfo xs higher, and the Flower larger, more
n at the Mouth, and more crumpled than the
hite, but wholly of a yellow color. The Seed is
. alfo larger, according to the Proportion of the
Zant.
V. The third, or Leffer yellow Baftard Junquilia,
% in Root, Leaves, Stalk and Flower, and manner
Growing, yea, in all things fo like unto the laft,
it needles totrouble you with any farther Defcrip-
tion thereof; the only Difference 1s in the Magni-
oad of the Plants, this being fmaller in all its arts.
VI. The fourth, or Late yellow Baftard Junquilia, is in Root, Leaves, Stalk Hh Flower,” al, Ae a ner of Growing, very like unto the former Greater yellow Baftard Ju uilia, but with this Difference, that this is rather the larger Plant, and bears the
irer Flower, and flowers alfo fomething later than
es. Thefe alk came to us from the ‘clade Seanee ) are
end of Summer, viz. in Auguft and September. Lae Oo 2 # eR ONT
IX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, ate much the fame with the Common Daf- fodil, of which we have {poken jn Chap. 189. afore: going.
~. ore - wes a ee
CHAP. CCI Of DAFFODIL Baftard, Sea:
I“ HE Nemes. It is called in Greek, "Yevedvae- na@ Gaadar@ : in Latin, Pfeudonarciffus Marinus ; and in Englifh, Sea Baftard Daffodil. - Il. The Kinds. So far as we know, it is a fin- gular Plant of the kind; tho’ Authors teport, that - there are other forts of it, forme of which bear yel- low Flowers, and others which bear red ; but of thofe we can fay nothing in this place.
IIL An Obfervation.. Some have called this Plant Pancratium flore Lili , but this was a Mi-. ftake. Others thought it to bea kind @ Scy//a; and ufed it inftead of Sguills in Theriaca ; but this was a dangerous Error. Others, as C/u/rus faith, . call’d it Hemerocallis, thinking it to be a Li/ly ; and Clufius does thereupon call it Hemerocallys Valenti- na, but was wholly in the wrong: for it is neithef Pancratium, nor Scylla, nor Lillium ; but it is cers tainly a kind of Daffodi/, as the Form of Roots Leaf, Stalk ard Flower demonftrate.
IV. Objervat. 2. Tis true, Diofcorides will have Pancratium to be a kind of Scy//a ; and fo it was called in his time, viz. Scy//la radice rubra, which had a Leaf like a Li//y, but longer, and was ufed both with the fame Preparation and Quantity, and for the fame Difeafes that Scy//e was ufed for, only that it was faid to be weaker. But beware of ufing of this Sea Baftard Daffodil by fuck a Miftake, bes caufe of its dangerous Efte&ts, which are faid to be deadly : for it is reported, that one, out of Malice; did before hand cut the Root of this Plant with the Knife which another was prefently after to cut his Meat withal; and that with an Intention to kill him by the Poifon thereof, with which the Knife was poifoned.
V. The Defcription. It has a large white bul- bous Root, from which {pring feveral broad whitifh green Leaves, but not very long , among which rifes up a ftiff round Stalk, at the top whereof break out oF a great round skinny Husk, five or fix Flowers, every one made fomewbat of the Fashion of the Greater Baftard Ruth Daffodil, but greater, and wholly white, the fix Leaves being larger and longer than in the Junquilia or Rufh kind, and extending beyond the Trunk, are tipt with green at the point of each Leaf, and down the middle likewife, on the backfide. The Trunk is longer, larger and wider open at thé Mouth, cut in or indented at the brims or edges, an
Small at the bottom, with divers white Threads in thé
middle, andis very fweet. Under the Flower is a round green Head, which grows very great, having within it, when it # ripe, flat and black Seed,
VI. The Places. It grows near the Sea fide in Italy, Spain and France, within the Straights, and for the moft part upon all the Levant Shore, and Iflands of the Mediterranean, but does not often flower in our colder Climates , but it profpers, and I faw it grow admirably well in fome parts of the Southern Carolina, and other parts of Florida.
VII. The Times. It flowers towards the datter
92 '
204. Salmon’s
~VIIL As to the Qualities and Medicinal Virtues hereof, Authors have faid nothing about it, but do account it a virulent Poifon, rather than any thing
Herbal = Lib.T. rifes id to be a foot or foot and half high, being round
and of a brownifh green color, more efpecially near unto the Ground, whereon there flands difperfedly
elfé : and yet it is poffible it may be prepared for | four or five narrow, long and green Leaves, being a
external Applications, with fingular Advantage a-
gainft many ftubborn and rebellious Difeafes, ‘fuch f bee eunias, Oedema’s, and other Infirmities of ike ki
CHAP. CCIIL Of DAFFODIL Chequer'd.
IL’ HE Names. This Plant was unknown to the Greeks, as far as we can learn, and fo has no proper Greek Name belonging to it : but it is called in Latin, by Authors, Fritillaria, by Do- doneus, Flos Meleagridis, ( The Ginny Hen-Flower, becaufe of the Variety of the Colors in the Flower, agreeing with the Colors of the Feathers of a Ginay en:) BW Lobel, Lilio-narciffus, Variegatus, & Pur- pureus Variegatus, 7 Teffulatus, (making it a kind of Tulip: ) others, Lilium variegatum : in Eaglifh, The Chequer’d Daffodil, The Chequer’d Lilly, The Ginny Hen-Flower, and Fritillary, by which laft Name it is moft known.
Il. The Kinds. Some Authors will have it to be of the kind of the Daffodi/; fome of the Tulip; fome of the Li//y, and others sf ipo of fome- thing of all of them, and therefore have placed it between them: but becaufe it is now moft com- monly called, A Chequer’d Daffodil, we have placed it immediately after the Daffodils. Hereof there are many _— found out of late, as White, Red, Purple, Yellow, Black, of each of which there are alfo feveral forts; but the Pwrple kind was that which was firft known.
Ill. Authors make feveral Species heteof, fome more, fome lef: thofe which we fhall take notice of in this Chapter, are the thirteen following, viz. 1. Fritillaria vulgaris, The common Chequer’d Daf- fodil. 2. Fritillaria vulgaris pallidior , oe & Serotina, The early and late common Chequer’d Daffodil. 3. Fritillaria flore atro rubente, The Blood-red Fritillary. 4. Fritillaria maxima purpu- rea, five rubra, The great purple or red Fritillary. 5. Fritillaria alba, The white Chequer’d Daffodil. 6. Fritillaria flore duplici albicante, The double blufh Fritillary. 7. Fritillary flore luteo puro, The abfo- lute yellow Fritillary. 8. Friti//aria lore luteo va- ria Nae punttato, The variegated yellow Fritillary. 9. Fritillaria lutea maxima Italica, The great yellow ftalian Fritillary. 40. Fritillaria polyanthos flore parvo Italorum, The fmall Italian Fritillary. 41. Fritillaria lutea Funcifolia Lufitanica, The Portugal finall yellow Fritillary. 12. Fritilaria Pyrenea, five Apenninea, The Pytenean black Fritillary. 13. Fritillaria Umbellifera Hifpanica, The Spanifh Um- belliferous black Fritillary. Some think, that the Name Fvitil/aria was given to it from Friti//us, the
Chequer'd Board, upon which Gamefters play at Dice ; this delightful Flower being Chequer’d in like manner on its Leaves.
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common Chequer’d Daffodil, har a fmall white bulbous Root, Sus juoleoobee flatifh, made as it were of two Cloves, and divided in a manner into two parts, yet joining to- gether at the bottom or feat of the Root, which holds them both together. From between this Cleft or Di- vifion, the Bud for the Stalk appears, which in time
little bellow. At the top of the Stalk, between the upper Leaves, ( which are fmaller than the loweft ) the Flower fhews it felf, hanging or turning down the Head, but not turning up again any of its Leaves,
| a5 fome Lillies do. Sometimes this Stalk bears tuo —
Flowers, and fometimes, yet but very feldom, three, confifting of fix Leaves apiece, of a reddifh purple color, {potted diverfly with great Spots, appearing like unto fauare Chequers, of a deeper color. The infide of the Flower # of a brighter color than the outfide, which has fome Greennefs at the bottom every Leaf. Within the Flower do appear fix Chives, tipt with yellow Pendents, and a three-forked Stile or Pointel, compaffing a green Head, which, when the Flower is pa: rifes upright again, and becomes the Seed-Veffel, being fomething long and round, yer having Ship Shew of Edges, flat at the Head, lie the Head of a Lilly, and without any Crown, as the Tulip bas, in which is contained pale-colored flat Seed, like unto thofe of the Lilly, but fmaller.
V. The ae, or Eatly and late common Che- quer’d Daffodil, are of the fame kind with the for- mer, but with thefe following Differences, Vil. That fome of them do flower early, with or before the Early-Howering Tulips ; and fome of them flower Ia- ter, to wit, a Month or more after the formtr. 2 That in fome the Color is paler , and in others again of a very high or deep color. 3. That fometimes they bave eight Leaves, and fometimes ten or twelve — Leaves, as if two Howers were made one, whith ome call a Double Fritillary. The Flowers at top of the Stalk are Chequer’d meft admirably, and yet im the fame, Nature has kept a wonderful Order, jut paling the moft curious Painting which Art cam f- — form: one fqmare is of a greenifh yellow color, the other purple, keeping the fame Order, as well on the . backfide of the Flower as on the infide; Psi they are blackifh in one Square, and of a iolet-color in another, fo that Nature feems in a ¢ Flower to bring forth Variety in Perfetliom ~— v1 }
-
™
‘
— ee
VI. The third, or Blood-red Fritillary, bas 2 Root Somewhat rounder and clofer than the firft 5 from whence the Stalk rifes up, being fhorter and lower than in any other of thefe kinds, having one or two Leaves thereon, and at the top thereof two or three more fet clofer together, which are broader, fhorter and whiter than any Ee them before, almoft like unto the Leaves of the Yellow Fritillary; from among which top Leaves comes forth the Flower, fomewhat bending down, or rather ftanding forth, being larger than any of the former, and almoft equal in Large- nefs to the Yellow Fritillary, of ¢ dusky grey color on the outfide, and of avery dark ved color on the infide, diverfly {potted or Fe : this very hardly encreafes by the Root, and as feldom gives ripe Seed
but flowers with the otber firft or early forts, and.
before the black kind, and abides a lefs time in How- er than any.
VII. The fourth, or Great purple or red Fritilla- ty, bas a Root équalto the Largenefs of the reft of its parts , from whence rifes up one, and fometimes two Stalks, having one, two or three Flowers ~ 12 on them, as Nature and the Seafon ferves: each one of thefe Flowers are larger and greater than any of ase before defcribed, and pendulous in like manner as they are, of a fad redor purplifh colov, with many thwart or crofs Lines on them, and fmall long Marks, which Scarcely appear Chequerwife; nor are fo eminent or confpicuous as in the former. The Stalk is ftrong and high, whereon are fet feveral long whitifh
ee Leaves, larger and broader than thofe of the
ormer, % '
VIII. The ft om White Fritillaty, bas a Root Jo like unto the formér, a5 not to be di ingitifoed, and the whole. Plant is fo very like uito the firft, that it is needlefs to make any Defcriprion, bur only She the chief Differences.” In this the Stalk and Leavés are wholly gre st, by which this is diftin- enifhed from that, % ic is bFotbnifh at bottom. “The
Yotwer in this is white, withous almoft any fhew of Spot o¢ Math in it, tho’ in fome they are shore plain- ly to be Jéén, and in fomé thére is again a k mtd Saint blafh color to be een in the Flower, e/pécially on the infide, thé boridms of the Leaves o ey one of which are gréenib, having alfoa fmall Lift z green coming paid towards the middle og each Leaf : as for the Head or Seed-Veffel and Seed, they are fo ie to the firft, as not to be differenced from them.
IX. The fixth, or Double blufh Fritillary, bas 2 white round flattifh Root, like unto the me earing a Stalk with long green Leaves thereon, little differ- ing from.it, of the firft defcribed kind. ‘The Elower is conftantly the fame, compofed of many Leaves, be- ing ten at the leaft, but moft ufually twelve, of a pale whitifh purple color, [potted like unto the Paler ordi- nary éarly Fritillary, /o that one would think it to
be an atcidental kind thereof 3 whereas it is (as is
aforefaid) conftant in its Appearance and manner of hg doe
lowering.
X. The feventh, or Abfolute yellow Fritillary; has a whitifh Root, more round and not fo flat as the, former kinds, and of 2 mean Largene/s. From the middle rifes yp a Stalk a foot and balf high, and Sometimes higher, on which grow, without any Order, color, like unto the Leaves of the Black Fri but not above half fo broad : ihe Flower is fomewhab
» Several long and broadifh Leaves, of a whitifh gree
Shape or Form, but that the Leaves are fmaller a
hew of Spots or ers at all, either within c ti “a Flower having fome Chives and yellow
sin the middle, as are to be feenin them al slike to tbat of the ft Rid
Chap. 203. Englifh Herbs.
Small and long, not. much unlike to the Black |
205
XI. The eighth, or Variegated yellow Fritillary, bas a Root like to the other, but not fo flat. It grows not much lower than the former, and gh at the rifing up, having its Leaves whiter, broader and fhorter than it, and almoft round-pointed. The Flower is greater and larger fpread than any of the afore-defcribed, and of a fair pale yellow color, fpot- ted in very good order with fine, fmall, yellow a} r% which give it a wonderful pleafing Beauty.
t bas alfo fome Lifts of green running down the back of every ig ; and feldom yields any Seed.
XIL. The ninth, or Great yellow Italian Fritilla- ty, from 2 Root fomewhat like to the others before it fends up a round and brown green Stalk, on whic grow feveral Leaves, fomewhat broad and Short, which encompafs the Stalk at their bottom, of a dark green color, at the top of which Stalk, which bends a little downwards, do moft ufually grow three or four Leaves, between which comes forth moft commonly but one Elower, which is longer than the laft, bang- ing down the Head, as all the others do, confifting of
Six Leaves, of a dark yellowifh pee color, fpottéd
with fome {mall red Chequers. not till all the other are paft.
XIII. The tenth, or Small Italian Fritillary, bas much alike Root and Stalk, but fmaller: the Stalk has feveral fmall, fhort, green Leaves thereon to the very top, but it bears a greater fore of Flowers than the former, bat they are mich yo, and of a yel- lowifh green color, {potted with long and {mall dark red Marks or Chequers.
XIV. The eleventh, or core fall yellow Fritillary, bas a Root much like the others beforego- ing: the Leaves are fo fmall, narrow and long, that it has caufed it to obtain the Name o Ruthes, ox Fritillaria Juncifolia, Ruth Fritillary, which grow up- on a long, weak, round Stalk, fet without Order. The Flower is fmail and yellow, but thicker Che-
uer’d with red Spots than any of the other Yellow ritillaries ; she Sta/& of the Flower at Head thereof being alfo of a yellowish color.
XV. The twelfth, or Pyrenzan black Fritillary, has @ Root which does often grow fo great, that it
us flowers late, or
Seemis like unto the Root of 2 Small Crown imperial.
The Stalk is ftrong, round and bigh, fet without Or- der, with broader and whiter green Leaves than a- ny of the former, bearing one, two or three Flowers, not being fo large as thofe of the Common purple Fritillary, but jmaller, longer and rounder, fome- times turning up the brims or edges of the Leaves a- bain, and are of a yellowifh fhining green color on the in, ide, Sometimes fpotted with red Spots, almoft thro? the whole infide of the Flower, unto the very edge, which abides of a pale yellow color; and fometimes again there are very few Spots to be feen, and thofe rom the middle only on the infide, (for on the out- Side of this fort there never appears any Spots at all) and fometimes without any fhew of Spots, fometimes alfo of a more Sid green, and fometimes of a more yellow color. The outfide of the Flowers do likewife vary ; for in fome the outfide of the Leaves are of a dark dull yellow, fometimes of a more pale yellow, and other times of a dark purplith yellow, which in Some is fo a and fo much, that it rather feems black than eof le or yellow, and this chiefly about the bottom of the Flower, next tothe Stalk, but the edges are fiill of a yellowifh green. The Head and Seed are like unto the former, but larger in all refpetts. XVI. The thirteenth, or Spanith Umbelliferous
black Fritillaty, is xo doubt of kin to the laft de-
rounder pointed, of a faint yellowifh color, witho: \\ feribed , but is in its Root, Stalk, Leaves and How- whe | ers greater than it, and fo greater in the whole, as if
growing in a fatter or richer Soil, it were the
ftronger, and fo more proliferous and able to bear a greater flore of Flowers. The Howers grow foe, r)
¥ ve
about the Stalk, like unto a Crown special, and | yellow, ey,
are. of a Jellowith green color on the infide, {potted with a few red Spots, the outfide being blackifh as
XVIL The Places. The firft of thefe came from France, where, about Orleance, it grows plentiful- y: the other forts Stow in thofe Countries which their Titles indigitate, but are all of them nurs’d Up with us in Gardens of Pee and are moft of them become Natives of this Kingdom. XVII. The Times. The early Kinds do flower in the beginning of April, according to the Mildnefg or
after another 5 and the Great yellow is very late, flowering till about the middle or the end of ay.
XIX. As to the Qualities, Specification, Prepa- rations and Virtues of thefe Plants, or any of them, Authors have faid nothing at all, whether inwardly to be taken or outwardly to be applied ; nor have I had any Experience of ‘their Effe
\ \\
which they nobly beautify, and therefore deferye our Cultivation, Entertainment and Obfervation ; efpecially of Florifts, and other Lovers of Curiofi-
a
CHAP. CCIV. Of DAISIE Garden.
'T HE Names. The Daifie is called in Greek, (as fome fuppofe, from Theophraftus lib. 7, cap.9.) *AvOcuis 3 but this I judge to be a Miftake,
for it does not plainly appear in any Gree Author, ia ones fe
low, but nothing fo
that the Grecians had the Knowledge thereof: in Latin, Bellis, Pliny ib. 26. cap. 5. and in Exgijfh, Garden Daifie. The Latins alfo call it, Herba Margarita.
Il. The Kinds. The chief kinds are, 1. Bellis hortenfis, The Garden Daifie, of which in this Chap- ter, 2. Bellis agreftis, The Field Daifie, of which in Chap. 205. 3. Bellis major vulgaris, The gteater common Daifie, of which in Chap. 206. 4. Bellis Spinofa, The Thorney Daifie, o which in Chap. 207. 5. Bellis Americana, The Weft India-or Ame- rican Daifie, of which in Chap. 208, following,
III. Bellis bortenfis, or the Garden Daifie is ma- nifold, viz. 1. Bellis minor Store rubro Jimplici, Sin- } glered Daifies. 2. Bellis major flore albo pleno, The great double white Daifie. 3. Bellis minor Store pleno variorum colorum, The leffer double Daifies of divers colors. 4. Bellis minor prolifera, Double double Daifies. 5. Bellis Globularia cerulea, Blew Globe Daifies. 6. Bellis Globularia lutea, Yellow } Globe Daifies. 5
IV. The Defcriptions. The frft, _or Single red Daifie, has Roots which are Small, white and fibrous or thready ; from whence rife many Blas &7een, |, rvound-pointed Leaves, lying on the round, a little Suipt about the edges: from among which rife up Mas ay flender round Foot-ftalks, rather than Stalks or Stems, about an hand breadth bigh at moft, and fome- times not fo high, bearing one Flower apiece, confi- fring of many /mall Leaves, as a Pale or Border, fet about a middle Thrum : the Leaves are almoft ae ) ved, whereas in the middle they are white or wbitifh,
x a wi
AS
in thas # double
Z A BA)
banging down, round enclining to red on the
of the Double double of Leav
~ ae YOXT i... SRY ~ 4 . ~ SING si oes
ae" N S Wi)\\ 8. ®:
CO
WW,
/ - rvs Wa.
Comr20n S71a
M% A\Daisiec,
Bran gh RASS SARA Ze, SAMA eR /
edges, the middle being
“Gam
ciniint Ni
be
notched on
v, mare
208 Salmons Herbal. Lib. I.
XXIL. Ti be diftilled Water. It is cooling, and has the Virtues of the liquid Juice, but very much Weaker ; however, it may be ufed as a Vehicle to Convey refrigerating or cooling things in: it abates the Heat of Fevers, abates inward Inflammations, and allays the Turgency of Choller.
XXIIL. The Acid Tinfure. It is fingular good to cure Fevers, efpecially firch as are burning, ma- lignant or peftilential: it cools powerfully, quenches
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firf?, or Small com- mon fingle Field Daifie, has @ Root which is fmall, white and fibrous, from the Head of which /prings forth many thick and fomewhat long green Leaves, hing upon the Ground, fmall at the bottom, but broad » and almoft round towards the point or end, and a little dented about i edges. From i ee heap or tuft of Leaves rife up many very flender, ; ma and ad Stalks, or rather Koot-ftalks, of three,
hirft and compofes the Spirits. Dofe 30, 40 or | four or five, or more inches bigh, bearing every one 60 drops or more in fome convenient Vehicle, or in | of them a {mail green Head, from whence rife many any thing the Patienc drinks, and to be as often re- Small white Leaves, encompaffing a yellow Thrum, peated as they call for any thing to quench their | which is in the middle. Sometimes the green Leaves Thirft with. will be found much larger in one place than in ano-
XXIV. The Oily Tinfure. It isa fingular thing | ther ; and the Flower likewife will in fome be red- againft all Wounds and PunStures of the Nerves. difh at the ends, and fometimes under ftained, and it alfo cures Convulfions in what part of the Body | yet norwithftanding all this dif erence, they are but foever ; and is a famous thing againft Palfies, if the one kind or fort, and not drvers, as fome main- Back-bone, as alfo all the Parts affetted, be well a-| tain. hointed therewith by a cheerful Fire, and it is well tubbed in for half an hour ata time, and this twice a day, viz. Morning and Evening.
CHAP. CCV. Of DAISIE Field.
I. HE Names. It is called in Latin, Bellis a-
greflis, Herba margarita, and by fome, Con- er minor: and in Englifh, Daifie, and Field Daifie.
Il. The Kinds. There are two principal kinds therecf, which are very common, viz. 1. Bellis minor Sylveftris, The \elfer Wild Daifie. 2. Bellis major vel media Sylveftris, The greater or middle Wild or Field Daifie.” ,
IV. The fecond, or Greater or middle Field Dai- fie, tho’ it 1s another Species, yet it agrees with the former in moft refpetts, faving that its main Root is thicker and longer, with many fmall white Fibres proceeding therefrom: the Leaves are larger and dented in almoft in like manner on the edges : the Stalks are thicker, but round and fomewhat higher ; and the Flowers, like the other, white, and fometimes on the tips of their Leaves with a blufh of red, but they are larger every way: the Thrum in the middle is alfo bigger, but of the fame yellow color with the before defcribed.
'V. The Places. They grow wild almoft every Sk where, in moft Meadows and. Pafture-Grounds of = Yalu or this Kingdom.
inte VI. The Times. They flower in moft of the Summer Months, viz. in April, May, Fune and
Ful.
VIL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with Garden Daifies, on- ly they are with this Advantage, that the Fie/d Dai- Fe is more effe€tual for all the Purpofes defigned : fee Chap. 204. feb. 12. ad 24. a ‘all :
Chap. 106. | Enghfb Herbs. | 289
ftalk, and the white and narrow Leaves are as 4 Pale or Border round about the middle yellow Thrum and are of no Smell at all: after the Flowers are pat, then comes the Seed, which is fomewhat long, and is blown away with the Wind.
CHAP. CCVI.
Of DAISIE Creat. OR; MAUDLIN-WORT.
IV. The Places. It grows almoft every where, by Hedge-fides, in Meadows, the Borders of Fields, and other wafte Grounds.
V. The Times. It flourifhes and flowers in the Months of May and Fuze.
VI. The Qualities. Itis cold in the firft Degree, and temperate in refpet to Drynefs and Moifture, but in fome Authors Opinions it enclines. to Dry- nefS. It is Aftringent, Conglutinative and Vulne- fary, appropriated to the Liver and Joints, and is Analeptick.
VIl. The Specification. Yt confolidates and con- glutinates the Lips of Wounds to a Miracle.
The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Ejjence. 3. a Decottion. 4. A diftilled-Water. 5. A Wound Drink. 6. An Ointment or Balfam. 7. A Cata- plafm. 8. A Clyfter.
The Virtues.
“SoHE Names. It is called in Latin, Bellis
| magna, Maxima & Major; and in Engli/h, The great Daifie, (but it is the greateft of all the forts of Daifies) and Maxdlin-wort.
Il. The Kinds. It is Singularis fui generis and is called by fome Authors, Confolida media, The middle Confound ; but the true middle Confound is Bugula , others, to make a Difference in the Name between Bug/e and this, call it Confolida me- dia Vulnerariorum : however, it is taken by all to be Con/folida medii generis, or a kind of middle Con- found, front the Virtues it is endowed with,
IX. The liguid Fuice. It is given to very good Purpofe to heal any inward Wound, confolidate the pg of any Veifel in the Thorax, cure Spitting or Piffing of Blood, and helps Ruptures of the In- teftines. Dofe two or three ounces Morning and Evening in a Glafs of old Malaga or Red Port Wine.
X. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues ; befides which, it is excellent againft Bloody-fluxes, and all other Fluxes of the Bowels: and has fome- times been found of good Ufe in overflowing of the Loches, or of the Terms in Women. Dote two; three or four {poonfuls Morning and Night, ina Glafs of Generous Wine.
XI. The diftilled Water. It is faid to be good.a- gainft Ruptures of the Bowels; and may be ufed as a Vehicle to convey other Medicines in: fweetned with Sugar Candy, it is very good againft a
Cough.
KIL. The Wound Drink. 8 of this Daifie Leaves fix handfuls : Sanicle, All-heal, of each three band: fuls: Bugle two handfuls: Angelica one handful : boil all in Water fix quarts to three : ftrain out and add thereto an equal part of white Port Wine, which fweeten a little with white Sugar as it is taken. Dofe eight ounces Morning, Noon and Night: it is of great Efte&t in the Cure of all forts of old and malign Ulcers, Fiftula’s, and the like.
XL The Ointment or Balfam. \t is made with Oil, Turpentine and Wax, and is excellent for Wounds, efpecially thofe in which there is any thing of Inflammation, and will not come to Dige» {tion or Maturation, as are thofe S:zovie or Weeping Wounds made in the Knees; Elbows and other
oints. iNav. The Cataplafm: It is good againft alf burning Apoftems and Ulcers, as alfo an Intamrnd- tion and Running of the Eyes, being applied there- to’: it likewife eafes the extream Pain of the Gout, being applied, and renewed as often as need re-
uires.
\ XV. The Ciyfter. It gives eafe in the vehement Torments of the Guts, Gtibings of the Bowels, and is profitable in the violent Heat of Agues, and al- ters the Habit of the Belly where there is a peat Styy or Binding : and in a Bloody-flux, Diat- ca OF etia, it does much good.
Pp CHAP.
\ \
y
= \ NN N
Ill. The Defcription. It bas a Root which is a Bufh of white Fibres or Strings, which abide many Winters with the Leaves, shooting forth every Spring . anew : fromthe Head of this Root {pring forth many
long, narrow and narrow-pointed Leaves, /ying next the Ground, but cut in on both fides, making it feem
almoft like the Divifions of fome forts of en Leaves, or rather like to the. Leaves of Groundfel : the Stalks grow to be fomewbat tall, viz. about a foot and half in height, with divers Leaves thereon, much in Shape like the other; but fmaller and leffer divi- ded than the lower ; and growing yet fmaller and leffer ed, the nearer they grow to the top. At
cory Csi caldegemente way Re
Pe er |
er
ght
P , ) b i
SS ee
_ therwife it quickly falls, or is blown away with the “Wind.
S90 Salon's Herbal. Lib. 1.
VI. As to its Qualities, Specification, Preparati- ons and Virtues, Authors have faid nothing, and therefore we fhall be filent concerning the fame. Ie Jis a Curiofity valued by Florifis, and ferves chiefly as an Ornament for the Garden.
CHAP. CCVIL
Of DAISIE Thorney. .
L-PHE Names. Ie is called in Latin, Bellis “pins fore luteo nudo, alfo Bellis major Spinofa : in Englhfh, The Thorney Daifie, or The naked-flowred yellow Daifie, with prickly Leaves. Il. The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant of its kind, and noted becaufe of its naked Flower. ex
CHAP. CCVIIL Of DAISIE American.
I. HE Names. It is called in Latin, Bellis A- . mericana, Bellis Americana Umbellifera, and Bellis major Ramofa Americana: in Englifh, The great white, or American Daifte. : Il. The Kinds. This is alfo /ingudaris fui gene- ris, and therefore admits but of a fingle Defcrip-
tion.
Ill. The Defcription. It bas a fibrous or firingy Root, from which {pring up one, two or more Stalks, which grow higher and greater than the Great Daifie in Chap. 206. aforegoing : the Leaves are alfo larger, and broadeft towards the ends, but longer and {mal- ler at the bottoms, * dented likewife about the edges, Shooting forth feveral Branches, and all of them bearing many white Flowers at their tops; as it were in an Umble, yet not fo great, nor the white Leaves
0 large as it, but fmaller, and more in number, with a greenifh yellow Thrum in the middle, fome of which are a little larger than others : the Seed is al- 0 fmaller than that in Maudlin-wort.
IV. The Places. It was firft brought to us from Virginia, and grows well enough in our Gardens, being looked after with a little Cire : Lalfo found it growing in feveral places in the Southern parts of Carolina, and other parts adjacent thereto.
V. The Times. \t flowers in May and Fune, and the Seed is ripe in fome fhort time after.
VI. The Qualities , Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Great Daifie in Chap. 206. aforementioned. It is indeed a fingular Wound-Herb, and ought to be commend- ed for the {peedy curing of fimple green Wounds, being made into proper Ointments or Balfoms, or applied in the Form of a Catapla/m.
Thorney Darsy, ax 2
Rt) LS \ }
~
C ei ise 0
Ill. The Defcription. It has a Root confifting of @ great Tuft or Bufh of long blackifh Strings, or long Fibres, whofe Tafte is hates and unpleafant, and its Smell fomething ftrong ; from the Head of which ftringy Root, {pring up divers Heads of very , Small green Leaves, dented about the edges, and e- _ very dent fharp at the eit, which shooting up into
x
CHAP. CCX,
of DANDELION, OR, PISS-A-BED Common:
with Seed, each of which is mall, long and whit; tobich muft be quickly et te when ge ripe, via no Greek Deno have it to be.the ‘Hévaves@-, Plinii lib, 20. capar% and others, that it is the ‘Accu, The hrafti, whieh is Ambubeja, a kind of Cicbory, or Priefis Crown: Leoni rim Bore
cium, and Corona vel Caput. Manacbi , and in Eag- ‘ih, Dandelion, or Pifecbed. ier Il. The Kinds. Iv: is doubtlefS one of. of Wild Suceory 5 of which. there are. feveral eS, wis. 1. Dens Leonisvnigaris, . Our.ec
IV. The Places. It was fitft brought out of Ita/ by De Flud, Rig’: the Garden of Pe in the Duke
_ of Florence his Dominions . urs’d: with us in Gardens. HES ex Only eB be
@ Times. It is in its Vigor in Fume, and flowers in Fune, Ful feeds fome little time aac a Ase fy cad .
Seed, together ' a
Chap. 209. Englifb Herbs.
Dandelion, of which in this Chapter. aS Chapter. .
II. This our Common Dandelion is alfo two- fold, viz. 1. Dens Leonis latifolius vulgaris, Uri- maria, Hieracium majus Tragi, Hieracium parvum Cordi, (in Hiftoria) Hieracium minus Gefneri, (in fortis) Chondrilla altera Thalii, Dodonaet, Cafalpi- ni, Hedypnois major Fuchfii, Hedypnois Dalechampii © Lugdunenfis, Taraxicon minus Loniceri, Taraxa- con verim of a oe & Avicen: and fo it is ufed
ompofitions wherein Taraxacon is named ; Our Common broad-leav’d Dandelion. 2. Dens Leonis anguftioribus foliis: Apbaca anguftioris
with us in all
Soiti Cefalpini, The narrow-leav’d Dandelion.
IV. The Defctiptions, The fr/?, or Broad-leav’d kind, has a Root which grows downwards very deep, which being broken i within the Ground, will ne- verthele/s fhoot fortb again anew, and with difficulty
be deftroyed when it has once taken deep Rooting :
Som the Head of this Root Spring forth feveral long
and aos a gafbed Leagues, lying round about it on the Ground; the ends of cach Gafh or Fag on both fides looking downwards ¢9 the Root again, the middle Rib being white, which being broken, yields much bitter Juice, of a Milk.white Color and Subftance, but the Root much more. From among thefe Leaves (which alwaies abide green) arife many flender, weak, naked Foot-ftalks, (rather than Stal ) of about fix, eight or ten inches hig, very rarely a foot long, every one of them bearing gt the top one large yellow Flower, confifting of ony Rows of yellow Leaves, broad at the Points, anq nitched in, with a deep Spot of yel- low in the middie, which growing ripe, the green Husk, in which she Flower flood, turns it felf down to the Stalk, and the Head of Down becomes as round as a Ball, with long reddifh Seed underneath, each Seed bearing a es of the Down on its Head , which
ith_the Down, is blown away with
= a
of oes _ - €
a
Pp 2. Dens Peregrinus, Outlandifh Dandelion, of which in the
.erful to thofe Intentions; befides which, this ripens
_
“3 291 | i
the Wind, and when perfeétly ripe, may with a Blaft of ones Mouth be bloton on etl paket i
V. The Second, or Narrow kind, as to its Root, Stalks, Flowers, Down, Seed and manner of Grow- i ing is wholly like the before defcribed: the Leaves in 4 (pringing forth, growing round the Root, the Number FA and wet ag 4 of the Gafhes or Divifions on the edges, ; . are’much like the former alfo, but in this the Diffe- rence is, that the Leaves of this latter Plant are narrower and by this one Note it may be diftin- |
gtifbed.
VI. The Places. shee a almoft every where, in all Meadows and Pafture-Grounds, in Clofes near to Water-Ditches, as alfo in Gardens and High- ways. The firft is common almoft every where ; but the fecond is fomewhat rarer, yet often to be met with. }
VII. The Times. They flower thro’ all the Sum- mer Months ; and the. firft is found in fome place or - other in flower every Month of the Year, e pecially if the Winter is mild, and not extream cold.
VIL. The Qualities. Dandelion is cold and in the firft ee: Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuretic and a little Aftringent ; Stomatick, Hepatick, Sple- netick and Nephritick.
IX. The Specification. It is fingular againft Ob- ie of the Vifcera, and Hypochondriack Me-
oly. X. The Preparations. You may have thereftom, ______. —___
1. A Sallet, 2. A ae Juice. 3. An Effence. 4. A Decottion. 5. AdiftilledWater. 6. An Ointe-.
ment or Balfam. 7. A Cataplafm. The Virtues.
~ XI. The Sallet. Whether eaten raw With cthct~
“Terbs, or bested ges fo dref§'d up with Butter, Vi-
negar, Salt and Pepper, it is faid to bea good Difh |)... such allowan
to open Obftru€tions of the Bowels, cleanfé the Sto- bs Scdtatteala alll
mach, caufe a good Appetite, and purify the Blood : * Me mneiviuals alto
the French and Dutch are faid to eat them often in ¢ 4° further order, th
the Spring ; but I believe for the moft part as a »rought in, ‘or vithin the Quarter in)
XIE. The liquid Fuice of Leaves and Roots. It we do further order, : may be given to two or three ounces in a Morning ~ 7 fafting, ‘and likewife at Night going to Bed, either . alone by it felf, or miat with a Glafs of White Pore Wine, to purify the Blood and Juices, open all forts of Obftruétions of the Bowels, expel the Jaundice, provoke Urine, refift Hypochondriack Melancholy, and eafe the Pain of the Spleen.
XIII. The Effence of Leaves and Roots. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, being more pow-
and digefts inward Apoftems of the Vifcera and U- rinary Paffage, breaks, cleanfes and heals them, and more powerfully opens the Paflages of the Urine, whether in Young or Old. Dofé three or four fpoonfuls in White Lisbon Wine, Morning and
ight.
SV. The Decottion inWine or Water. It has the Virtues of the former Preparations, but in a lower degree : however, it is good to be drank half‘a pine at a time Morning and Evening, by fuch as are in- clining to a Confumption, or have an ill Difpofiti- on of the whole Body, called by the Learned, Cu- chexia in which cafes being ufed for fome confide- rable time, it gives a wonderful Relief, befides, be- ing made in Water, and acuated with a few drops of Oil of Sulphur, it prevails againft all forts of utrid, malign and peftilential Fevers.
e diftilled Water. Acuated with Oil of Sulphur, it prevails againft the Sporced-Fever, aid the Plague it felf: mixed wich the liquid Juice ot
Pp2 Effence,
burning, XV. Ti
38 P pur siltd OWS ony
1yy WO paylHes
an
—
; Ad —— wn . i i355 » _ a ~, whiwet med
_ Seafon. From this Root fpring up many Leaves,
( ' * . , > : ~~ 292 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. | re of them fet with fmall, fmooth, fharp Pricks or Hairs: not vest gah 10 ip Prickly Sowthiftle The. Stalks are about two or three inches high, and bear each of them a large, pale, yellow Elower, like to the other Dandelions , which being once peed away, do. prefently after turn into Down, with Seed like unto the former. * i)
VI. The fourth, or Bulbed Dandelion, bas a Root branched or fpréead out into feveral long tuberous Clogs, which fome call long Bulbs, muclt like to thofe of the Afphodil, but fmaller, fhorter and more point- ed at the ends. From the Head of thefe Roots {pring . forth many large and blewifh green hairy Leaves, lying upon the Ground, unevenly waved or cut in on the edges, but not deeply gafbt, like the Commor Dandelion, but which are of a fharp and bitter Tafte: like it : from among which rife up feveral bare or naked Stalks, with Flowers at their tops, larger and more double than thofe of the Common kind, but a paler yellow color, which pafs into Down, like t other kinds, having alfo like fafhioned Seed:
VIL. The fifth, or Spanifh kind, basa Root of a moderate Largene/s, long, white, tender and fibrous, which lives with us all the Winter, if it is mild, o- therwife, if we have bard Frofts, it perifhes : this Root /pring up feveral long Leaves, a fpan or more in length , the middle Leaf of the Root is bare from the Root to the half length of the Leaf, andthen it bas many Rents or Cuts on each fide, very much refembling the Leaf of the Common Dandelion, but Smaller and narrower : from among thefe Leaves rife up likewife long Foot-ftalks, as in the Dandelion, upon whofe tops grow fmall and yellow Flowers, which turn into Down, that is carried away with theWind, with the Seed alfo, which is fall, long and reddih,
Like unto fome of the Hawkweeds. ie
VII. The Places. The firlt is found in Meadow
atid. Paffure Grounds. The fecond is an Original of
Ital san ag thence te to us. Pah
rows about Forence; and other parts of Italy, as ;
oo about Mompeher in France. The fourth is alfo
of Italian Otigination. The fifth came from Spain,
and grows in the Ifland of Gades or Cadiz, as Boel Y
faith, who called it Gichorium Gadenfe , but Clufins Ps
Cure ofteriores galls it, Cichor ium JSyloeft re pum A
lum, five Hedypnoi j IX. The Times. They all flower thro’ all the IV. The fecond, or Sweet Dandelion, bas 2 fmall\ Summer Months: buf ,the fifth or Spanifh kind —
and blackifh Root, which is white within, and very| flowers in Fuly, Augujt and: September ;
fwcet in Tafte, (as are the Leaves aie ) which is fo| Seed is foon ripe after the Flower is paft.
very tender, that it perifhes with the firft Cold it} X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
feels , and therefore with us is always to be boufed| Virtues, are the fame with the Common Dandelion in
in Winter and cold Weather, by which means it will| Chap. 209. aforegoing,, andetherefore we thall fay _
endure many Years, and yield its Seed in the due| no more thereof. © * & +. (4
Effence, it is good to wath and cleanfe old Sores, running Fiftula’s and putrid Ulcers, and fo to dif- pofe them to a fpeedy healing.
XVI. The Ointment or Balfam. t digelts, ripens, cleanfes, dries and heals old and running Sores, and Is a very good thing in all ftubborn and rebellious Ulcers, to bring them to a Cicatrize.
XVII. The Cataplafm. Being applied hot, and often renewed, it brings Apoftemations to Maturi- ty : and being applied cold made of the green Herb, it difcufles Tumors arifing in fimple Contufions, hinders the Aggregation or Flux of Humors, and eafes the Pain.
CHAP. CCX. Of DANDELION Ontlandith.
L“J° HE Names. It has no Greek Name; but is called in Latin, Dens Leonis peregrinus , and in Englifh, Outlandifh Dandelion. Il. The Kinds. 'There are five Species hereof,viz. 1. Dens Leonis tenuiffimo folio, Hieracium Fetidum Columne, Fine jagged Dandelion. 2. Dens Leonis minor foliis radiatis, Trinciatella Italorum Camera- rit, Sweet Dandelion. 3. Dens Leonis minor folio afpero, Small rough Dandelion. 4. Dems Leonis, altera Diofcoridis, Dens Leonis Monfpelienfium, five Afphodelt bulbulis, Baubini, Bulbe delion. 5. Dens Leonis Gadenfis, Cichorium Conftantinopelita- num, Spanifh Dandelion.
: Se eel Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Fine ja Dandelion, bas a thick reddifh Root full of Fibres, Sending forth many very green and finely cut Leaves, each of them about a Hand breadth long, and two inches broad, being deeply jissed or divided again into two or three other faa Rents or Divifions, and ending in a fmall point. ‘The Flowers which ftand at tops of the Stalks ( which are naked ) are yellow, and much fmaller than thofe in the former fovea which being pafs'd away, the downey Heads and Seed
proceed, as in the former.
which [pread themfelves on the Ground, about three ‘inches long and half an inch broad, cut in on the fides with very aye Gajfhes, whofe ends have each of them three very deep Dents, each of them having divers Points ftanding like a Star or Spur, the Foot-ftalks whereof are a little hairy: from among thefe rife up many fmooth, flender, naked Stalks, one of which frands upright, not above a Hand breadth high, the ret are lower, and bend downwards, each of them bearing a fmall yellow Flower, like unto other Dan- delions, which being paft, turns into Down, and flies away with the Wind, carrying the Seed with it, which is fomething /ong and broad, with hard Hairs, like a Beard, at the top of each Seed. A > V. The third, or Small rough Dandelion, bas a Root fmall and whitih, which fends forth feveral) Dat 2. Lolium Jmall Leaves, lying round about the Root upon the} coridis, (a feminis colore Ground, about two or three inches long and one inch| Lolium alterum avenacea elim broad, cut, divided or torn in on the fides, and each\ with Oa pee
Chap: 211. Ezglfh Herbs.
Ni
| .)
= - S =<
f Darnell White. Ill. The Defcriptions. Kg ate or White Dar- nel, has a bunchy fibrous Root, from whofe Head, all the Winter long, [pring forth feveral fat and rough Leaves, which, the higher they grow upon the Stalks, grow alfo narrower, but with their continued Rough- nefs : and with thefe firft {pringing forth Leaves, Several Stalks alfo ie with many thick Foints, al- moft like Knees ; from which Knees arife thofe a- forefaid narrower Leaves, continued up to the fpiky tops of Seed, for on the eg of each Stalk x a long Spike, i of many Heads, as it were at fo ma- ny Foints, fet one above another on each fide of the talk, containing two or three {mall chaffy Husks, with fharp, but fhort Beards or Awnes at the ends ; in which Husks, being fomewhat tough, is contained the Seed, which is lefs than that of Wheat, and which a eafily fhaked out of the Ear.
e ~ =| \
295
IV. The fecond, or Red Darnel, has a Root more bufhy or fibrous, from whence arife Leaves fhorter and narrower than thofe of Barley, as alfo feveral jointed Stalks, with Leaves Springing from each Foint ; but as the Foints are leffer than the former, So the Leaves [pringing from them are alfo narrower and fomewhat fhorter. ‘The Stalks are reddifh, with reddifh Foints, about feven or eight inches high, fel- dom attaining to the height of a foot, unlefs the Ground is very good :: at the top of each Stalk is a Jmall and tender flat Spike or Ear, very like the for- mer, but {maller and fhorter, and fomewhat reddifh
alfo, more eff es when it is found growing in the_
ryer fort of Lan
-V. The third, or Darnel with Oaten Tops, zm its Roots, Leaves and Stalks differs little from the firft kind, faving that the Stalks grow fomewhat higher, and the Leaves are a litile larger: but in this it differs from the firft, that the fgveral Heads of Seed are more like to winged Oaten Heads, growing on flender Foot-ftalks ,; and which Heads of Seed are al- fo armed with fharp Points.
VI. The Places. Thefe all grow in Arable Land, in Fields of Corn, as of Wheat and Bar/ey, and are e. be ‘ag in fuch like places, in moft parts of the
ingdom.
VII. The Times. They flourifh in Summer, and _
the Grain is ripe in sly time, viz. in Auguft. VIU. The Qualities. Darne/ is. hot in the third Degree, and dry in the fecond, as Ga/en fays: it a- bounds with a Volatile, Narcotick, Salt and Sul- aed which is thought to be detrimental to the ead and Brain: it was accounted hurtful to the Eyes and Sight, as appears from that Verfe in Ovid, ib. 1. Faftorum;, et careant Loliis oculos vitiantibus agri: and from this Caufé it feems came, that the old Proverb in Plautus, Milef: af. 2. fe. 3. verf: 50% peri eile was wont to be {poken to one dim- hted. ox. The Specification. It is faid to be peculiar againft Defcedations of the Skin, and to {top Gan- gtenes. X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A Decoltion. 2. Meal or Flower. 3. An Oint-
ment. 4. AWafh, 5. ACataplafm, 6. The Fu migation.
The Virtues.
XI. The Decotfion in Red Port Wine. It ftops the Terms, and all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels ; and prevails againft a Diabetes: Dofe two or three ounces: but it is apt to caufe a kind of Giddinef§ in the Head. It is alfo good to wath places affected with Scurff, Morphew, Leprofy and Ringworms, and ftop the Progref§ of a-Gangrene : made with i and Honey, it is good to bathe with for the
tica.
XIL. The Meal or Flower. Being applied, mixt with Spirit of Wine or ftrong Wine, it is.of {pecial Ulfe to ftop the Running of Gangrenes, and hinder the Fretting and Eating of old putrid Sores, Cans kers and Phagedenick Ulcers ; and to cleanfeé the Skin of Leprofy,Tettars,Ringworms, Herpes, Scurtt, ee aggh and other the like Diftempers.
XIIL The Ointment. It is made thus; Ik of the Flower or Meal eight ounces : Sulphur Vive in fine pouder four ounces: Oil of Rofes three ounces : Vi- negar enough to make it into the Form of an Oint- ment, Xt has all the Virtues of the Meal or Flow- er crc a a much more powerful to all thofe anes, ing applied frefh Morning and Evens
XIV. The
. by ‘thy ieee ra {Pp mT a at i) .
EE
_ i. 4 it
es oe pele nw
| 's £ Lib 294, Salmon’s Herbal. ib. I. XIV. The Wah. Ic is thus made: Be of the|as it were branched into others, wherein confifts the Hower or Meal two ounces: Water eight ounces : or Difference. ; Juice of Radifbes five ounces : Vinegar fae ounces:| VII. The fifth, or Double Darnel Grafs, in Roots, Salt of Tartar a dram: mix them 3 and therewith | Stalks, Foints and Leaves, differs little or nothing very warm Morning and Evening wafh the Face and from the laft; but in the fpiked Heads, which are Hands, letting it dry on ; and after an hours time thicker fet together, and the tops of them bow down, you may wath again with fair warm Water. It] or turn a little round. clears and cleanfes the Skin admirably of almoft all] VIII, The fixth, or Branched Marth Darnel Grafs, Deformities attending it. has a creeping white jointed Root, with many Fibres XV. The Cataplaim. JR of the Meal twelve adjoining to it; from which fhoot Set two or three | ounces: Linfeed bruifed four ounces: Pigeons dung | jointed Stalks, two feet or more high : ; ibe Spot Jix ounces : boil all in a Sufficient quantity of Wine,| Head is a foot long, branched as the fourth is, to the Thicknefs of a Cataplafm. “It is Difeuffive, | each Branch of a kingers length, with winged Husks, diffolves Knots and Kernels of the Ki s-evil, and | ike unto Oats. 3 breaks thofe which will not be diffolved. ‘ XVI. The Fumigation, B of the Meal or Flower| IX. The Places. They grow in Meadows, —_ @ pound: Frankincenfe eight ounces: Myrrh Sour) fields, Fallow-fields ; in Paths-ways and Borders 0 ounces: mix, melt and make the Mafr a into| Fields, almoft every where: but’ the laft in Marfh
and} and Wet Grounds, and on the Edges of Plowed- the Fume fiom thence being received up the Womb | fie/ds. ' ‘i ya Funnel, warms, comforts and ftragthens thofe| X. The Times. Th fpring and flourith with efllels of Generation, and is faid to help towards and the Seed or Grains are r ss in Auguft. : Conception. ; The Qualities, Specification, Preparations an
Virtues, Authors have faid nothing of: however, it is manifeft that they are of a cleanfing, drying and aftringent Faculty.
CHA P. CCX.
; CHAP. CCKXIIL. Of DARNEL-GRASS.
Of DE VILS-BI TF Common.
L“S*HE Names. It is called in Greek, eink n to the dein, Ls Gramincam, and yern| TALE, Name, Ie ems tote aoknown ti gewixe@, Gramen Pheniceum : in Latin Phenix pane kp, in, Succifa, and Mor- . ramineus ; and in Englifh, Darnel Gra/;. Name : but it is called in Larza, § Je seer Il. The Kinds. 'Thete ate about fix Kinds here- J Déabol: , and in Englifh, Devils-bit. of, viz. 1. Phenix fimplici © rarifima Gluma, The finalleft fingle Darnel Grafs. 2. Phenix altera den- Sioribus /picis, The greater fingle Darnel Grafs. 2. _ Phenix acerofa aculeata, Small prickly Darnel Grafs. 4. Phenix multiplici fpicata panicula, Branched Darnel Grafs. 5. Pharmix multiplici autante, Dou- ble Darnel Grafs, with a Ss or bending down Top. 6. Phanix pairs longius fpicata, Branched Marth Darnel Grafs,
III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Smalleft fin- | / gle Darnel Grafs, har a fibrous Root, from whence |, Spring up feveral gral) Leaves and Stalks, which are very like the Red Datnel, from the Sirf, but that it bas very few, flenderer and Shorter Stalks, and the Leaves narrower; and the Spiked Head has| a few fingle Husks fet very Sparfedly thereon.
IV. The fecond, or Greater fingle Darnel Grafs, has Roots and Leaves like to the Red Darnel ; but the Stalks grow a yard high, Jointed and ftraked : and the Spike is thinly fet with chaffy Heads, but they are bigger, rounder and thicker.
V. The third, or Small prickly Darnel Grafs, bas a fmall white fibrous Root, whence Spring narrow grally Leaves, fix or feven inches high, being rough, bard and full of Foints, pointed or prickly at the ends, and with a few fhort Leaves on them, which | ‘have withal fmall, Short, rough and chaffy like \ ‘Tongues, fharp at the ends, and fet at the Fonts.
VI. The fourth, or Branched Darnel Grafs, bas like Roots, Leaves and Stalks, which are jointed as the others are, and flender, half a yard or more high, and narrow Leaves, Grafs like: ihe Spiked Head is,
Il. The Kinds. It is-cérvainly a Species of Sta
Cus?
|
y
/
7 oa
FARES FER wg FF.
LL RURAL
—
i=
—="
Chap. 213.
bious : fome have thought it to he the Gem of the Ancients ; others to be Nigita Plinii, but Fabius Columna referreth it to Picnocamon Diofcoridis ; it is either Common, called, Morfms Diabgli vulgaris, of which in this Chapter; ot Vaszaus, of which in the Chapter following.
Ill. The Defcription. Ir has @ Root which is omewhat thick, but fhort and blagkifh, with many Strings fafined thereto, and abiding after Seed-time many Years: from this Root rifes up a round, green, Smooth ( not bairy ) Stalk, about two feet high, fet with divers long, and fomewhat narrow, fmooth, dark green Leaves, {nipt a lutie about the edges for the moft part, being otherwife all whole, aad not divided at all, or but very feldom, even ta the tops of the Branches, which yet are fimailer than thofe below, with one Rib only in the middle, and being broken, yield not fuch Threads, as the Scabious does. At the end or top of each Branch, ftands a round Head of many Flowers fet together in the fame manner, or more neatly and fuccinttly than thofe of the Scabious, and of a more blewifh purple color, (not of a dark red, as Gerard fays) which being pafs'd away, there follows Seed, ike unto that of Scabious, which falls away in the fame manner.
IV. Nota. 1. Some make of this kind 2 Greater and a Lefer: but this, inmy Opinion, comes from the Nature of the Soil or Ground, rather than from the Nature of the Plant; that being the larger and fairer which grows upon the richer or fatter Ground, ~ that the leffer which grows on the poorer
oil.
V. Nota.2. Some are of Opinion, that the Sca- biofa rubra Aujftriaca Clufii belongs to this Plant, becaufe it has a fhort Root with many Strings: Baubinws makes mention of one of this kind, which has hairy Leaves, and not differing in any thing elfe, and he, from Ge/ner, calls it Morfus Dia- bolt birfuta.
VI. Nota.3. Some Monks and Fryers (as I fup- pofe) have fabled, that the Devil, envying the Good which this Herb might do to Mankind, bit away part of the Root, by which means it became fo fhort a Stump as it is, and from thence it came to have the Name of Morfws Diabeli, or Succifa, Devils-bit : but the Fable is fo.sediculous, that one which has but.a Grain of Senfe or Keaton can never believe fuch a Fi€tion, . a
eat deal of it has been tound growing in Hamp- fread Wood near London, at Lee in Effex ; alfo at
Sudorifick and Alexipharmick. X. The Speen. It-is a peculiar Antidote
lague, Poyfon and Bitings of Veno-
XI. The Preparations. You may prepare there- : 3. A
« §. An Oint- » 7. A diftilled
Water. 8. A Spiris 7 intiure. 9. An Acid Tindure. 10. An intlwee, 31. A Saline
Enghih Herbs.
295
The Virtues.
XIL. The Aquid Fuice. Taken inwardly to two, three or four ounces, according to the Age of the Patient, it is powerful againft the Meafles, Small- Pox, Calenture, malign and fpotted Fever, as alfo againft the Plague, and all malign and peftilential Difeafes, Poyfon, and the Bitings of Vipers, Rattle Snakes, or any other Venomous Beaft ; and is an excellent thing to induce the Healing of Wounds and Ulcers.
XIII. The Effence. Ithas all the former Vittues, but is more powerful to the faid Intentions : befides which, it is good againft Fits of the Mother and Vapors, and provokes the Terms in Women. Dofe: two, four or fix fpoonfuls Morning and Night, in
Glafs of the Diftilled Water, or in a Glas of
hite Wine.
XIV. The Decottion in Wine. It has all the Vir- tues of the Juice and Effence, but is yet lef power- ful: it may be ufed as a Wound-drink by fuch Pa- tients as have Wounds, Ulcers or Fiftula’s which are inveterate, or of difficult Cure. If it is fweet- ned with Honey of Rofes, it is faid to be very effe~ €tual to help inveterate Tumors and Swellings of the Almonds and Throat, which do hardly come to Ripenefs ; for it digefts, cleanfes, confumes the Flegm fticking thereto, and difcuffes the Tumors by often gargling therewith, Dofe four or fix ounces Morning and Night.
XV. The Pouder of the Root. If it is taken in a- ny convenient Vehicle, it kills Worms, and drives them forth of the Body. It breaks and diicufles Wind inthe Bowels, and refifts Poyfon and all forts of malign Fevers. Dofe one dram mixt with Ho- ney, the Effence aforegoing, or any other proper Vehicle. .
XVI. The Ointment or Balfam. It cures fimple green Wounds, many times at once dreffing , for it is an incomparable Vulnerary. It ripens Apoftems, and fuch other Tumors as will in time come to Sup- puration. It digefts old Ulcers, cleanfes, incarnates, dries, and in a {hort time induces the Cicatrize, ‘or caufes them to be healed. Applied to the Gout, it eafes the Pain, and ina fhort time cures it.
XVIL The Cataplafm. It is made of the green Herb and Koot, and applied, it difcufles Tumors in fimple Contufions, and is profitable to be applied to any place hurt or bruifed by any Fall, Blow, or the like, or crufhed by any Cafualty, diffolving the clot- ted or congealed Blood, and taking away the black and blew Marks, which may afterwards remain.
XVIII. The diftilled Water. It is good to wafh green Wounds and old Sores, cleanfing and drying them: and given inwardly with the Juice or Effence, it cleanfes the Body inwardly. If a little white Vi- triol is diffolved in it, it is then good againft Scurff, Morphew, Herpes, Tettars, Ringworms, Itch, Pim- ples, running Sores and Ulcers, Freckles, Yellow- nefs of the Skin, and other like Deformities, if the Parts aftetted be two or three times a day wafhed therewith, and fo fuffered to dry on without wi-
ing. : XIX. The Spirituous Tiniure. Wt is powerful againft Poyfon, and the Malignity of burning and eftilential Fevers, as alfo the Bitings of Mad Dogs, erpents, and other poyfonous Creatures. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but more effectual than they are, where the Heart and Vitals are immediately concerned. It is good again{t Con- vulfions, Lethargies, and all other cold and moilt Difeafes of the Head, Brain, Heart and Nerves. Dofe two or three drams. XX. The Acid Tindure,
It is a fingulat Medi- cament
296
Salmon’s.
Herbal. Lib. L
Cament againit. the Plague and Spotted Fever: it abates the Heat, and quenches the Thirft, tho’ ne- ver fo extream, in the moft violent malign and burning Fever, and that almoft upon the Spot, even toa Miracle: befides, it refifts all forts of Poyfon, mote efpecially fuch as are volatile Poyfons, de- troying them in their very Root and Effence. It admirably comforts and ftrengthens the Stomach, tefifis Vomiting, creates an Appetite and caufes a good D'geftion. It fuppreffes Vapors and Hyfterick kits in Women, refifts Hypochondriack Melancholy, and is good for fuch as are inwardly bruifed by a Fall, or any other Cafualty, diffolving the clotted or congealed Blood, and caufing it to be excreted. Dofe fo much as will make the Vehicle leafingly fharp, and to be repeated three, four, ve, fix or more times a day.
XXI. The Oily Tintture. It is good againft in- ward Convulfions of the Stomach and other Vifcera, it gives eafe in the Cholick, and other Torments of the Bowels, whether given by the Mouth in any ee Vehicle, or exhibited Clyfterwife in Broth or
offet-drink. It provokes the Courfes, eafes the Pains of the Mocher, breaks and difcufles Wind in the Belly and Stomach, opens Obftruétions of the Reins, and other Urinary Parts, cleanfes them of Sand, Gravel, and other Tartarous Matter, and fo gives eafe in the Stone and Strangury. Dofe from ten to thirty drops in any fit Vehicle.
XXII. The Saline Tintture. Given inwardly to one dram or more in a proper Medium, it provokes Urine, opens Obftructions of the Womb, Reins and Ureters, and gives eafe in the Strangury and Stone : outwardly applied, it is good againft Scabs, Itch, Pimples, Puftles, Scurff, Morphew, Leprous Spots, Freckles, Lentils, Sun-burning, Tanning, Yellownefs of the Skin, and other the like Defcedations, the Parts affeCted being bathed therewith two or three times a day, or fometimes otinet.
XXIII. The fixed Salt. It is Diuretick, Alexi-
harmick, Aperitive and Antifebritick : it opens
bftructions of the Urinary Parts, expelling Sand, Gravel and Tartarous Matter : i: refifts Poyfon, the Bitings of Serpents and Mad Dogs, and the Plague : it opens the Paflages of the Womb, cleanfing it from Impurities; and given in a proper Vehicle, a- bates the Heat of burning Fevers, carrying off the Morbifick Matter by Urine. Dofe one fcruple, or half a dram, in the diftilled Water aforegoing.
CoH APE: - CCOXP Of DEVILS-BIT Various.
L HE Names. tis called in Latin, Morfus Diaboli verficoloratus, and Morfus Diaboli diverfus: in Englifh, Various Devils-bit.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, wiz. 1. Morfus Diaboli flore albo, Devils-bit with a white Flower. 2. Morfus Diaboli fore carnco, Devils-bit with bluth- colored Flowers.
If. The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe with the white Flowers, haya fhort Stump of a Root, like the former, from whence many thready Radicule Spring :_from the Head of this Root arijes a round, green, fmooth Stalk, near two feet high, with long, narrow, fmooth, dark green Leaves, a Little notcht about the edges, but not at all divided, which Notches or Dents grow fmaller and fmaller, as they
grow nearer to the tops of the Branches , and on the top of each Branch ftands a round Head of many Flowers, like the former Devils-bit, faving that thefe are only white, whereas they are of a blewifh purple : and indeed thys Plant oe not from the former in any other thing but in the Color of the Flower, which - is of a pure white, as fome other forts of the Scabi- oufes are, and that the green Leaf is not altogether of fo dark a green. ;
IV. The fecond, or that with the blufh-colored Flowers, is in Root, Stalk, Leaf, Color of the Leaf, and Ferm of the Flower, the fame with the former ; but in this it differs therefrom, that the ¥lowers bereof are of an incarnate or blufh color,whereas in the Common they are of a blewifh purple, and in the former of a white color only.
V. The Places. Thefe two are more hard and rare to be met with than the Common kind, yet they are both found growing Wild about App/ledore, near “4d in Suffex, and in feveral other places of this
ingdom.
VI. The Times. They flower later than any of the a and commonly not until Augu/t.
VIL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with the Common Devils- bit declared in the former Chapter, fo that no more need be faid of it here, faving, that neither of thefe are in the leaft inferior to the Vulgar in any of their Preparations or Virtues.
© Buk PA: GORV, Of DILL Garden.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, "Avner,
( xveg vi dive bev 5 quod cito crefcat ) Math. 23. 23. Theopbraft. lib. 5. cap. 67. Plin. lib. 20. cap. 18. in Latin, Anethum, and Anetbum bortenfe, as Bau binus has it: in Arabick, Zebet, and Sebet , and in Englifh, Dill.
— o- ee > pe ee ae a a Ll
Chap. 215... Englhjb Herbs. 297 nn nn ne SUE UE Srna nnnDnnnnnnE SRE USnNNUEDEEUEEE SURED SEEDER _ IL. The Kinds. There are two principal kinds hereof, viz. 1. Anethon Hortenfe, Garden Dill, of
which in thisChapter. 2. Amethum Sylveftre, Wild Dill, of which in the following Chapter.
Ill. The Defeription. It bas a Root which is fmall and woody, perifhing every Year after Seed- time, and is Geo optehie as to Phyfick, never being put to any Ufe. From this Root rifes up for the moft part but one Stalk, feldom more, nothing fo large, nor feldom above half the height of Fennel, be- ing round, and with fewer Joints thereon, whofe Leaves are fadder, and fomewhat long, divided al- moft into an infinite number of fibrous parts, almoft like unto Fennel, but-barder in handling, and fome- what thicker, of a ftronger Smell alfo, and not fo pleafant. The ope of the Stalks bave fewer Branch- es, and are ps eat with Umbles of yellow Flowers, fmaller than thofe of Fennel, which pafs into Small Seed, fomewhat flatter and thinner than Fennel Seed,” and of a ftronger and more picquant Tafte.
IV. The Places. It is moft ufually fown in Gar- dens, and fuch like Ground for the urpofe ; and is alfo found Wild with us in fome places: but if fo found, yet it is not of the Wildvkind. _
V. The Times. It flowers in July, and the Seed is ripe in the end of Auguft.
Vi. The Qualities. \t is hot in the third Degree, -and dry in the fecond , more Gy egees being green: but when the Herb or Seed are dry, they are hot and | dry in the third Degree ; and abound very much with Mercury and Sulphur; being Aperitive, Car- minative, Digeftive, Difcuflive and Diuretick , Neu- rotick, Stomatick, Pe€toral, Splenetick and Hyfte- rick ; Sudorifick, Alexipharmick, Analeptick, Ga- lactogenetick and Spermatogenetick.
VI The Specification. \tisa iar Remedy for the Cholick, and WindinefS of the Stomach and Bowels. :
VIII. The Preparations. You may prepare hete- fiom, 1. A Juice of the Herb. 2. An Effence of the Herb. 3. A Syrup. 4 A Decottion of Herb and Seed. 5. A Pouder of the Seed. 6. An Oint- ment of Herb and Seed. 7. A Cataplafm of Herb and Seed. 8. A diftilled Water of Herb and Seed.
9. A Spirituous Tintlure of the Seed. 10. An Acid Tintture of the Seed. 11. An Oily Tintture of the Seed. 12. A Saline Tintture of the Seed. 13. A
it encreafes Milk in her Breafts, and makes it more wholefome for the Child. It is a fingular thing al- fo againft a,tickling Catarrh, or an inveterate Flux of Rheum upon the Lungs, being often taken.
_ XID The Decotfion of the green Herb andSeed. \f it is made in Water, it encreafes Seed, as alfo Milk in Nurfes. Ifit is made in Wine, it ftirs up Luft, and provokes to Coition and if it be too much ta- ken; may provoke fo vehemently for a time, as at length, quite to extinguifh Venery, by a too Lafci- vious Eje ion of the Spee ;
XII. The Pouder of the Seed. Taken to one dram in any fit Vehicle, it warms and comforts the Stomach and Bowels, and powerfully expels Wind : mixed with Honey, it is good againft Coughs, Colds and tickling Catarrhs, and is good againft Hoarfe- nefs, Wheezing and lofs of Voice. Drank mixed with Wine, it is good againft the Hiccough, Vo- miting, Loathing and Convulfions of the Somnach and other Vifcera.
XIV. The Ointment of the Herb and Seed. It is heating and drying, warms Parts which are cold and chilled ; and is good to eafe Pains in any Part pro- ceeding from Cold, Moifture and Wind. Ie dif- cuffes and diffolves recent Tumors ; but digefts and maturates Apoftems, and is good to anoint with for the Piles, and to difcufS any other like Tumor in the Fundament ; and dries up all moift and running Sores wherefoever, but more efpecially in the fecret Parts. It is an Anodyn or Eafer of Pain, and gives
Reft.
XV. The Cataplafm. t difcufles recent Tumors, and is profitable to be applied to any fimple Contu- fion, provided it is done upon the {pot : applied to the Gout, whether in Hands, Arms, Knees or Feet, it has been found to give Relief: if it is heat very hot ina Frying-pan, and applied to the Side, it eafes the Pains of the Peat. and takes away Stitches : and fo applied to the Region of the Abdomen or Belly, it prevails againft the Cholick and Griping of the Guts. Applied very hot to an Apoftem, and often renewed, it brings it quickly to Suppuration, and breaks it. |
XVI. The aie Water of the Herb and Seed. It is a good Vehicle to take any of the Preparations in, whether Galenick or Chymick : and being drank fweetned with double-refined Sugar, breeds much Milk in Nurfes Breafts, whatever Galen may fay to the contrary.
, —— diftilled Oil thereof. 14. A ‘Spirit therefrom. 15.) VIL The Spirituous Tintture of the Seed. Xt
. Poteftates or Powers. 16. An Elixir of the Seed: aeons warms comforts and ftrengthens the
of all which in order. tomach, expels Wind, and caufes a good Appetite
and Digeftion. It is good againft Loathing and Vo-
The Virtues. miting, {tops Fluxes of the Bowels, and digefts
raw and vifcous Humors in thofe Parts. It may be
1X. The liquid Fuice of the Herb. Mixt with given from two drams to half an ounce, in a Glafs E the diftilled Water, One or two fpoonfuls of the | of fragrant Wine, in the Morning fafting.
t Juice to four of diftilled Water, and fo taken Morn-| © XVI. The Acid Tintture of the Seed. It ftrength-
| ing, Noon and Night, it encreafes Seed, as alfo | ens a weak Stomach, incides tough and vifcous
t Milk in Nurfes: it expels Wind, and eafes Pains of | Humors in the Bowels, and diffolves them, making
them fit for Excretion. It cuts tough Flegm and tartarous Humors in the Stomach and Lungs, and makes it fit for ExpeStoration ; for which Keafon it prevails againft Hoarfenefs, Lofs of Voice, Short- nefs of Breath and Difficulty of Breathing. It abates the Heat of Fevers, and refifts Putridity in what part of the Body foever. Dofe fo much as may make the Vehicle pleafantly tharp, whether it be Ale, Beer or Wine.
MIX. The Oily Tindture of the Seed. \t is good againft the. Pali , as alfo Convulfions, Cramps, Fuice. It is| NumbnefS, and Pains in any part of the Body, pro- lds. Hoarfnefs, | ceeding from Cold and Moifture, outwardly anoint- the Lungs | ed upon the Parts affected, and inwardly given in a-
f 5 Milk, proper Vehicle, ee fifteen to thirty drops or
; . the Bowels, drunk. If two or three fpoon-
three s at a time in the Morning fafting, in a Glafs of Generous Wine, it wonderfully ftrength- indinefs of
mote, a AM = -
is
Jy a7 2 ~~
-
: , ; 1
oS
==> +:
298 — Salmon's Herbal. — Lib. I
more, as the kxigency or Extremity may require. It provokes Urine admirably, and gives eafe in the Strangury and Stone, cleanfing the Reins and Blad- der from Gravel, Sand and tartarous Slime lodged in thofe Parts. It is a fingular thing alfo to cure a Puncture of the Nerves and Tendons, in which, be- ing applied, it gives prefent eafe to the Pain, af- {wages the Tumor, and foon after cures the Af tect.
XX. The Saline Tintture of the Seed. Mixt with the diftilled Water aforementioned, it makes a good Wath for moift and running Ulcers and Sores, clean- fing and drying up the Moifture, and ens them to healing. Given to two drams in a Clyfter, it prevails againft the Cholick : and taken inwardly to one dram in White Port Wine, it opens and cleanfes the Urinary Paflages, &c.
XXI. The diftilled ae the Seed. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Decoftion, Pouder, Spirituous, Acid and Oily Tin&tures, but it is more poner than any of them , and may be given to
rengthen the Stomach, refift Loathing and Vomir- ing, caufe Appetite and a good Digettion, expel Wiad, eafe the Cholick and Tortions of the Bowels from {harp Humors, cure Convulfions, Apoplexies, Lethargies, Palfy, Gout, Stone, Obftru€tions of the Reins, Ureters, Bladder and Womb, €c. Dofe from eight to twenty drops, a firft dropt into white Sugar, and then mixt with fome proper Ve- hicle, in which it is to be given Morning and
Night.
XXL The Spirit of the Seed. It has all the Vir- tues of the Spirituous, Acid and Oily Tin€tures, but not all out fo powerful ; yet it is much more grate- ful or pleafant to the Pallate ; and may be taken, being dulcified, either alone or mixt with fome pro- per Vehicle, from two drams to fix.
XXIII. The Pote/tates or Powers of the Seed. They
‘have all the Virtues of the Chymical Oil, Juice, Effence, Tin€tures and Spirit, but more powerful and fubtil, piercing admirably thro’ all Parts of the a By outward Application, being bathed upon the Parts affetted, they are good againft Pains, Aches, Numbnefs, Palfy, Lamenefs, Convulfions, Spafms proceeding from a cold and moift Caufe: they re- folve Humors, difcuf$ Tumors, and refift Defluxi- ons upon any Part, by ftrengthning the fame. Dofe inwardly from one dram to three or four, in any pet ehicle Morning and Night.
XIV. The Elixir of the Seed. This has all the Virtues of the diftilled Oil, Effence, Tinétures, Spi- rit and Powers, and is more fubtil and powerful than any of them; and therefore may very profita- bly be uféd to all thofe Intentions, both by inward Exhibition and outward Replace. It is indeed an admirable Stomatick, fcarcely any better in the whole Republick of Medicine : and for provokin Luft, one of the moft powerful of Vegetables. Dofe from one dram to two, in a proper Vehicle.
CHAP. CCXVL of DILL Wild
i HE Names. It is called in Greek, *Avnbor méwiy : in Latin, Anethum Sylveftre ; and
in Englifh, Wild Dill. Il. The Kinds. It is the fecond Species of Di//:
and of this Species there are two forts, viz. 1. A-| Scar
nethum Sylveftre majus, Great Wild Dill. 2. Ane- thum Sylveftre minus, Small Wild Dill. }
MI. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Great Wild Dill, bas a Root like to the Garden kind ; and in its Stalks, Leaves, Flowers and Seed differs little from it, but in its Largenefs, being much greater in all its parts than the Garden kind is : and the Smell thereof is much the fame.
IV. The fecond, or Small Wild Dill, bas a Root like to the firft or Garden kind, but fmaller than it : and fo likewife, as the firft of thefe was greater in all its parts than the Garden Dill, fo is this leffer in its Stalks, Leaves, Flowers and Seed; the Stalk growing not above a foot high : the Leaves va rd and fmall on the Stalks, the Flowers yellow, and the Seed fmall and long, like the Garden kind, but only leffer, in which the Difference chiefly lyes.
V. The Places. Their native Place is Sicily, and Lisbon in Portugal: from the firft place they were fent by Co/umna to Baubinus , and from the fecond place they were fent by Boe/ to us, and are now nurs’d up in our Gardens.
VI. Times. They both flower in their native places in Fume, but with us in uly , and their Seed iS ripe in Auguft, or fome time after.
vit The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Garden kind, and full out as effe€tual ; and therefore for the fame you are referred to the aforegoing Chap- ter.
CHAP. CCXVIL
of DITTANDER, OR,
PEPPER-WORT.
IT HE Names. It is called in Greek, Aeidor,
quod renidus, id eft, maculas €& fquammas in cute delent: or as fome think, dat a aemZew, 7 acrimonia urenti ulceret : in Latin, Lepidium, (but it is not the Lepidium Diofcoridis € Galeni, for that is Iberis Cardimantica, of which we have already treated in Chap. 168. aforegoing: in Exgli/h, Dit- tander, or Pepper-wort.
II. The Kinds. Authors make three forts here- of, viz. 1. Lepidium vulgare, five Piperitis, Fuch- Sit & Loniceri, Tragi, Matthioli & Camerarii, Le- pidium magnum Turneri, Cordi & Fuchfii ; Lepidi- um Plinit, according to Lobel & Dodonews, Lepi- dium Pauli & Plinit, according to Matthiolus, Lug- dunenfis & ec ge 3, Raphanus Sylveftris offci- narum, according to Lobel, and Lepidium latifoli« um Baubini, The vulgar Dittander or Pepper-wort. 2. Lepidium Monfpeliacum, Flammula Gefneri (in hortis ) Herba Santi Anthonii, Dentillaria Lobelii & Lugdunenfis ; Dentaria Rondeletii ; Molybdena Phinu, according to Anguilara €& Camerarius ;
Plumbago Clufii © Tabernmontani, Glaftum Sylve- —
fire Ce/alpini, French Dittander, or Scar-wort. 3.
dium Glaftifolium Baubini, Ann -wort, ’ ‘
Lepidium Annuum Lobelii, & Lugdenenjis ; i is jC Aameal Dinseliee agua
— —.
Se oo
wy
— Se oS Te
—J/
aati ss =
Chap. 217. Lnglifh Herbs.
Ill: The Deferiptions. The firft, or Comtnon Dittander, bas a Root which is flender, and runs much under Ground, and shooting up again in many places : both Leaves and Roots are very bot and fharp in Tafte; biting like Pepper, whence came the Name of Pepper-wort: from this Root {pring forth fome- what long and broad Leaves, of a light blewifh green color, finely dented about the edges, and pointed at the ends, ftanding upon round bard Stalks, three or four feet high, {preading many Branches on all fides, and having many fmall white Flowers at the tops of them, after which follow fmall Seed in {mall Heads.
IV. The fecond, or French Dittander, commonly called Dentillaria Rondeletii, bas a Root which is compofed of many great Strings, with a woody Pith in the middle, running down deep into the Earth, and abiding many Years, altho’ both Stalks and Leaves perifh every Year, frefh fpringing up again in the Spring. This Root Annually fends up a number of long and limber Stalks, reddifh at the bottom, lying down upon the Ground, and not ftanding upright, be- caufe of their length, which are fometimes four, five or fix feet long, fet with Leaves on all fides, which are fomewhat narrow, long and {mooth, of a fad green color, fmaller at the lower end, and encompaffing the Stalk about, but leffer flill as they grow nearer to
the tops of the Stalks, where they are a little branch- |
ed, and do break forth into feveral dark purplifh. Flowers, fet together, conjifting of five {mall pointed Leaves apiece, ftanding in round brownifh Husks, in which afterwards is contained {mall, round and blackyh Seed, very fharp in Tafte, exulcerating the Skin, and burning it, being laid thereon, as the Leaves alfo do.
V. The third, or Annual Dittander, bas a Root which is fmall and fibrous, perifbing every Year : from which Root rife up Stalks more upright than the laft, about three or four feet high, fet with fuch like Leaves as the laft, but fomewhat larger, and-encom- paffing them at the bottoms. The Flowers are white, and ftand upon fmall Branches one above another, Spike-fayfhion, which afterwards give fmall, round
—
and pointed Husks, like fome of the Vhiapfies or Treacle-Muftards, iz which the Seed is contained, no pie hot and fiery in Tafte, and exulcerating the Skin, than the Seed of the former:
VI. The Places. The firft of thefe is fouind grow: ing naturally in many places of England, as Claré in Effex, alfo near Exceffer, and upon Rochefter- Common in Kent, at Swdle-Abby near Whatley, in Lancafbire : it delights to grow in fandy and fha- dowy places which are fomething moift ; and is alfo nurs’d up in Gardens. The other two are of French Origination, growing about Mompelier ; but with us are nourifht up in Gardens.
VU. The Times. The firft Howers about the end of Fune and in Fuly. The fecond late with us, in Aw-
‘guft, but fcarcely ever gives i Seed in England:
The third flowers in Fu/y, and the Seed is ripe in Auguft.
VIII: The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the foutth Degree ; Pyrotick, Stomatick, Arthritick, Prarmick and Alexipharmick.
XI. The y seksi 2} They are peculiar for the Cure of the Sciatica or Hip-Gout.
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. Aliquid Juice. 2. AnEffence. 3. An Infufion in Wine. 4. A Pouder. 5. A Cataplafm. 6. A Spirituous Tindure. 7. An Acid Tinfure. 8 An Oily Tinfure. 9. A Saline Tindure.
The Virtues:
XI. The liquid Fuice. Parkinfon fays, that the Women of Bwry in Suffolk do ufually give the Juice thereof in Ale or Beer to Women in Labor, to pro- cure a {peedy Delivery in Travail. You may give it from one fpoonful to two ata time.
XII. The Effence. It has the former Virtues ; befides which, it is powerful to provoke the Terms in Women where they are ftopt, dry up Catarrhs and tickling Rheums which fall upon the Lungs ; and being held in the’ Mouth, gives eafé in the Tooth-ach to Admiration. Dofe one {poonful or more at atime, in a GlafS of Ale, Beer or Wine.
XU. The Infufion in Wine. \t warmsand com forts a cold Stomach, expels Wind, provokes Ap- a and helps Conco€tion, and gives eafe in all
ains of the Stomach and Bowels proceeding from Wind, or Sharpnefs of Humors, the Cholick, €c: being drunk for fome time by Women, it is faid to caufe Fruitfulnef$. Dofe a fmall Gill of three or four ounces Morning and Night.
XIV. The Pouder. Snuft up the Noftrifs, it is a good Errhine to purge the Head and Brain of cold, moift and flegmatick Humors, which it does very efteCtually. Taken inwardly from a fcruple to half a dram, or two {fcruples in the Morning fafting, it kills Worms in Children, and expels Wind out of the Stomach: and ufed as a Topick to moift and running Sores and Ulcers, it cleanfes, dries and in- duces their Healing.
XV. The Cataplaf. It is made of the green Leaves, either alone or mixed with Hogs-Lard, by beating them together ina Mortar. \t is hot, fiery and fharp, as is that of Sciatica Creffes, and works the fame Effe€ts ; for both Paulus AEgineta and Pliny fay, that it is effe€tual for the Cure of the Sciatica or Hip-Gout, or any other Pain or Gout in the Joints, or any other inveterate Grief, being ap- plied in the fame manner as Sciatica Creffes, and ufed in the fame order, it alfo is good againft the Deformities or Difcolorings of the Skin, and takes away Marks and Scats, Scabs, and Deformities made vy burning with Fire, or the like.
XVI. ‘The Spirituous Tiniture. te curesthe ,
o
Qg2z
300 Salmon’s Herbal.
of the Scomach and Bowels, the Cholick, and Tor- tions of the Bowels arifing ftom fharp and corrofive
tumors. It {trengthens the Vifcera admirably, and ftops Fluxes of the Belly of all forts, as the Diar- thea, Dyfenteria, Lienteria, Hepatick-Hux, and with- al reltores the Tone of the Parts hurt, by warming and comforting them. Dofe half a fpoonful ata time in a Glafs of Wine.
XVI. The Acid Tinfure. It cuts thick and tough Flegm, diffolyes tartarous Matter in what part of the Body foever, ftrengthens the Stomach, reftores its depraved Tone, cauies a good Appetite and a {trong Digeftion: and by its Infinuation into the Mafs of Blood, it deftroys its Difcrafy, and fo effetually roots out the Scurvy, whether in Old or Young. Dofe fo many drops as to make the Vehi- cle Sraiee fharp.
XVIL. The Oily Tinfure. It is good againft Rheu- matick Pains and Aches in any Part of the Body, the Sciatica and Gout proceeding from a cold Caufe, as alfo Palfies, Convulfions, Spafms or Cramps ; in all which Cafes it is to be bathed twice a day upon the Parts affected, rubbing it every time well in: in a Palfy, it ought alfo to be anointed all along BpOR, the Back-bone, as well as upon the Part at-
XIX. The Saline Tinéure. It prevails. againtt Tettars, Ringworms, Herpes, Scurff, Morphew, Itch, Pimples, Puitules, Scabs, Leprofy, and other like Breakings out: it alfo takes away Sunburning, Tanning, Freckles, Lentils, Rednefs, Yellownets, and fuch other like Defeedations of the Skin, being only bathed Morning, Noon and Night upon the Part affected, and then fuffering it to dry in.
C HAP. CCXVIIL Of DITTANY Baftard White.
L/P HE Names. It is called in Greek by fome,
Napatperiay 4 Xapasertov, (as if it was Fra- xinus bumilis, but that it is not:) in Latin, Kraxi- nella, Diptamum and Dittamnum ; alfo Dittamus, vel Ditfamnus albus : in Englifh, White Dittany, White Baftard Dittany, and Fraxinella.
Il. The Kinds. There are three kinds, viz. 1. Fraxinella vulgaris, Fraxinella flore rubente, Com- mon or vulgar Baftard Dittany with a reddifh Flow- er. 2. Fraxinella fore rubro, Baftard Dittany with ated Flower. 3. Fraxinella flore albo ceruleo, Ba- ftard Dittany with an Afh-colored Flower.
Ill. The Delceiprions The firft, or Common Baftard Dittany, bes a white large Root, f{preading many ways under Ground, if it flands long: it 1a goodly Plant, and rifes up with fener round, hard, brownifh Stalks, near two feet high, the lower parts whereof are furnifbed with many winged Leaves, Somewhat like unto Liquorice or a fmall young Ath-
tree, confifting of feven, nine or eleven Leaves fet}
together, which are fomething large and long, hard and rough in handling, of a darkifh green color, and of an unpleafant flrong refinous Smell, The upper parts aie Stalk are furnifhed with many klowers grawing Spike-fufbion, at certain diflances one from another, confifting of five long Leaves apiece, of which, four which ftand on the two fides are fome- what bending upwards, and the fifth banging down, but turning up a little the end of the Leaf agaiz, of a faint or pale red color, firiped thro’ every Leaf
Lib. I.
with a deeper red color, and having in the middle a Taffel of five or fix long purplifh Threads, which bow down with the lower Leaf, and turn up alfo the ends again, with a little Frieze or Thrum at the ends of every one. After the Flowers are paft, arife hard, [tiff, rough, clammy Husks, horned or pointed at the end, four or five een together, fomewhat like un- to the Seed-Veffels of Wolts-bane or Columbines, but greater, thicker and harder, in which is contained round, Shining, black Seed, larger than any Colum- bine-Seed by much, and fmaller than Peony-Seed. The whole Plant, as well Roots as Leaves, 7 of a [trong Scent, not fo pleafing for the Smell as the Flowers are beautiful to the Sight.
Zo Sa
f S : V) (2
f Vs A a <UNY 7 Nas) yy \ a SE
IV. The fecond, or Baltard Dittany with a red Flower, for Root, Stalks; Leaves, Flowers and Seed, with the Form and Manner of Growing, are all very like to the former, excepting that the Stalks and Leaves are of a darker green color, and that the Flowers are of a deeper red color, and growing.ina little longer Spike, in which things the Difference chiefly confifts.
V. The third, or Baftard: Distany with.an Afh- colored Flower, #% alfo in Root, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, Seed, Form and Manner of Growing, like to the fecond, excepting that the Leaves and. Stalks are Ms frefher green color than any of the former, and the Flowers are of a very pale or whitifh blew color, tending to an Afh color; ia which the. Diffe- rence chiefly confifts.
VI. The Places, All thefe kinds.are found. to grow naturally in many places both of Germany. and pid ; but with us they’ are only nurs’d up:in Gar-
ens.
VIL. The Times. They flower in June and Fuly , and their Seed is ripe in 7u/y or Augufl:
VII. The Quahries.. It is hot and dry inthe {- cond ee; Anodyne, Aperitive, Attenuating, In- ciding, igeltive, Stomatick, Nephritick, Hyfterick,
Ic. and Al A . 5 sion 2 Sige. ae
Chap. 218. . Englif> Herbs.
IX, The Specification. tis peculiar againft Poy- Ee, Plague, Stoppage:of Urine, and the Courfes in omen,
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice of the Leaves and Root. 2. An Effence of the fame. 3. An Infufion of Leaves and Roots in Wine. 4. A Pouderrof the Seed, 5. A Fu- migation. 6. A Pouder of the Root. 7. A Spiritu- ous Tintture. 8. An Acid Tindure. 9. An Oily} Tintture. 10. A Spirit. Thefe four laft from the Root chiefly, or Root and Herb.
The Virtues. XI. The liquid Fuice of Leaves and Root. Taken
from one {poonful to two in White Port Wine, it |
is good againft the Strangury, provokes Urine, and is faid to break the Stone in he Bladder, and expel it: it alfo provokes the Terms, and brings away both Birth and After-birth.
XII. The Effence of Roots and Leaves. It has all the former Virtues ; which, it is good for WeaknefS and IllnefS of the Stomach, prevails a- gainft all cold and moift Difeafes of the Womb, and is profitable againft the Stingings and Bitings of Hornets, Scorpions, Serpents, Mad-Dogs, and other venomous Beafts.; it Myon te againft deadly Poy- fons, and all forts of malign and peftifential Di- feafes. Dofe one or two {poonfuls Morning and Night, in a Glafs of Generous Wine. oes
Ill. The Infufion of Leaves and Roots in Wine.
It has all the former Virtues, but not full out fo
owerful, and may be given to four or fix ounces : it expels Wind, and eafes the Cholick.
V. The Pouder of the Seed. Given to a dram or more in White Port Wine, it prevails againft the Strangury, provokes Urine, and breaks the Stone (as Authors fays ) in the Bladder, and drives it
out. vo
- The Fumigation. The Root made into little - te, very ae Pouder, and the Fume of it, being caft upon live Charcoal, and received by a Funnel up the Womb, it warms and cleanfes that Part, and is faid to bring away the atte tet fome of the Effence thereof being taken at the fame
time inwardly. Eyes et the Root. If it is given he es eke “6 Rhubarb, it kills and aes th Worms : and being given from ene 10 ata it effettualy refills prion at toe TWO eeeccrpents, Mad-Dogs, &e. x kill
ifeafes , the Plague ad ch and Belly, and gives eafe in
esos. 5 of the Root, or of
the Stone. fie Tinthure of the Koot, or
KVIL, The opr Te has all the Virtues of sae ae
Root and Leg more powerfully yan vo er
and Effence, % and fick Stomach, ettion ae
praved Appetit a ef t Fihe Cholick. Dofe
ind, aD
reid Tinie ofl be ft u ileply OF é oO
- XVII Tb wails againft the Epi “
Wounds, and Ps Head-achs
a watt a (0
ter ant Teh 3 pleats [ris Sal against Con
ae rimes 3 Mintle? “io Lamers , The apo pSy 28 2 and rhe?
301
moift Difeafes of the Nerves, being well bathed upon the Patts affected Morning and Night: alfo taken inwardly, trom ten to. twenty five drops, ina Glafs, of White Port Wine, it is an excellent thing againft the Strangury and Obftructions of Urine by Sand, Gravel, or any tartarous or flimy Matter in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder. Given to forty
drops, as aforefaid, toa Woman in Travil, it brings
forth both Birth and After-birth.
XX. The Spirit of Herb and Root. It is a fingu- lat Stomatick; warming and. comforting a cold and weak Stomach : it pe oe its Tone, expels Wind,
prevails againf{t the Cholick, and caufes a good Ap-
petite, and an excellent Digeftion, being taken an hour hefore Dinner. Dofe (dulcified ) one or two
peontu .
XXL Nota. If the green Herb is bruifed, and aeptiel outwardly, it draws Prickles, Thornes, Pama and fuch other like things out of the
C HAP. CCXIX.
Of DIT TANY Baftard, Outlandith.
°F HE Names. Ic is called in Greek, Yededin-
Sp © gevbrdtnrapor: in Latin, Pfeudodi« famnum, Pfeudodittamus : in Englifh, Outlandifh Baftard Dittany.
Il. The Kinds. It is oppofed as the falfe kind of the Dittany of Creet, of which we fhall treat (God willing) in the Third Book of this Herbal. Of this Baftard Dittany there are two principal forts, wz. 1. Pfeudoditiamuus primus, (which, as Anguilara fays, is.called by the now Greeks, Kaxmmatia) Ba- ftard Dittany. 2. P/ewdodittamnus alter Eheopbra- fi, Diamnum alterum Diofcoridés, The other Ba- {tard Dittany.
Il. The
, ls
eo! ei ia
302 -Salmon’s
ill. The Detcriptions. The fir/t has a pretty long Root, which is blackifh, bard and woody, shooting down deep into the Ground, with divers Strings Springing from it. ‘rom this Root rife up Stalks or Branches, half a yard long fometimes, on which are Set fuch like round and boary Leaves as the True Dit- tany of Creet has, but neither fo thick in bandling, nor fo thick fet on the Branches, but more difperfed,
' yet two always together, one againft another: from
the middle of thefe Branches, to the tops of them, come forth the Flowers round about the Stalks at the Foints with Leaves, which are gaping, like thofe of the True Cretian Dittany, as Pennyroyal, Mint, Ca- lamint, and divers the like Herbs have ; which Flow- ers are of a dull purplifh color, ftanding in boary Husks ; after which comes the Seed, which #% greater and blacker than that of the True Cretian. This Herb is fomewhat hot and fharp, but not by balf fo much as is the True, or as is the Fraxinella in the former Chapter. Kee IV. The fecond has a fibrous Root, which fpreads it felf, fhooting pretty deep in the Earth ; from which rife up many fquare boary Stalks, more than a foot high, fet with two Leaves at a Foint, like unto the former, but fomething larger and longer: to- wards the tops whereof, with the Leaves, come forth hoary Husks, like unto thofe of the Great Afiyrian Bawm, but Jhallower , out of which flart gaping Flowers, mixed with white and red. The whole Plant fmells very well, and abides all Winter, as the other does; and is encreafed (as is alfo the former)
by Slipping.
V. The Places. The firft grows in many places of Italy, as near Pifa and Leghorn, the other is a Native of the Ifland Cerigo s they have been both brought to us, and flourifh very well in our Gar- dens, if the Winter is not too violently fharp and long. The firft has been many times raifed with us from Seed brought from Ira/y ; but it grows very well alfo of the Slips, being put into the Ground about the middle of Apri/, and a little defended from the Heat of the Sun for a time, after the fet- ting, and now and then watred in the mean Sea- fon. . ) VI. The Times. The firft flowers with us all the latter part of the Summer, but feldom gives any good Seed: but the Seafons’of the other have not been obferved. “ ,
VII. The Qualities, Specification, Paes and Virtues, differ not from thofé of the Ivve Cretian Dittany nor much from thofe of Fraxinella in the laft Chapter, to which you are referred.
C HAP. CCXX. Of DOCK Common.
L-Q" HE Names. Itis called in Greek, Adraboy,
dnt % aawiav, quod valet exinanire, vel Ven- trem levare, tor that it loofens the Belly: in Ara- bick, Hamad and Himadh : in Latin, Lapathum and Rumex 5-and in Englifh, Common Dock.
Il. The Kinds. . There are feveral kinds of this Plant, viz. 1. Lapathum fylvefire vulgare, vel Ru- mex commums, Common Dock; of which in this Chapter. 2. Oxylupathum Diofcoridis;Lapathum acutum, Ridmex acitus, Sharp-pointed_Dock, of which in Chap. 221, 3. Hydrolapathum,. Rumex
Horkal. - Libel
Lapathum Maritimum, Sea Dock, of which in Chap. 223. To thefe you may add, 5. Lapathum Sangui- neum, Blood-wort, of which we have already treated in Chap. 182. aforegoing. 6. Hippolapathum Sati- vum, Patience, or Monks Rhubarb, of which in-the following Part of this Work, in its proper place.
Great Fs Common
Sent ]
f 797,
%, ) 4, fe iN ) a! Rein SUAS STR on a Z Ww Ly 4
III. The Defeription. ‘The Common Wild Dock
aquaticus, Water Dock, of which in Chap. 222. 4.| bas @ great long Root, of a blackifh brown om the oub-
oe
=
XUL The diftilled Water of the Herb and Root. If it is mixt with the Vinegar juft aforegoing, or with Juice of Limons, it is good to clear the Skin of Morphew, Freckles, Lentils, Sun-burning, Tan- wing, Yellownels, and other Difcolorings of the Skin.
n
XIV. The Spirituows Tintture of the Root. tad- mirably f{trengthens the Bowels, and is good againlt all their various Fluxes, as Diarrhea, Dyfentery, Lientery, and Hepatick Flux: it is fingular againit fainting and fwooning Fits, and ane of the Guts, proceeding from cold, fharp and flimy Hu- mors. Dofe one fpoonful Morning and Night in a GlafS of White or Red Port Wine.
XV. The Acid TinGure of the Root. It is good againft the Yellow Jaundice, being taken in all that the Patient drinks, whether Ale, Beer or Wine. It ftrengthens and fortifies the Stomach, provokes Ap- petite, and caufes a good cr ; cuts thick and tough Flegm, and carries off tartarous Matter lodg- ed in the Stomach, Lungs, Reins, Ureters and Blad- der; and deftroys thofe Humors which are the Ground and Foundation of the Kings-evil.
file, and of a yellow color within : from this Root Springs up one large, ftiff Stalk, and fometimes more, of afoot, and fometimes a foot and half high, (ac- cording to the Goodnefs of the Ground) as alfo a great many long and broad Leaves om long Foot-fialks lying upon the Ground, and fome ftanding almoft up- right, fomething round-pointed, having a great Rib ia the middle, and full of Veins on each fide the Rib, Smooth, and not dented round the edges. ‘The Stalk is of a brownifh green, fet with long narrow Leaves, and fomewhat branched towards the top the Branch- es abound with Flowers and Seed in a fpiked Form: the Flowers are reddifh, and the Seed triangular, al- moft like a Tetrabedron in Geometry, contained in a brownifh red Husk, much refembling Chaff or Saw- du/t.
IV. The Places. It grows in Field and Meadows, wa{te Grounds, Orchards, by Ditch-fides, and High- way-fides, more efpecially in the moifter Grounds, in moft pe of England.
V.. The Times. \t flowers in Fume and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe in the end of Augu/?, and fome- times earlier. ,
VI. The Qualities. It is fapperats in refpe&t to
more cet ee Seed, which is very Aftringent.
The whole P CH A P. CCXXE
Of DOCK Sharp-pointed.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, ’Ofvadm- ‘gov: in Latin, Oxylapathum, Lapathum acu- tum, Rumex acutws, and in Englifh, Sharp-pointed
rations, 1. The pied Fuice of the Root, extratted Dock
with White or Re the Root. 3. A Pouder of the Root or Seed. 4. A Vinegar of the Root. 5. ‘The diftilled Water of Herb and Root. 6. A Spirituous Tintture of the Root. 7. pe Acid Tinfure of the Root: of all which in order.
The Virtues.
manner. Dofe four ounces or more, firft at ight going to Bed, and as much in the Morning
X. The Decottion of the Root. It has all the for- mer Virtues, but performs not full out fo effeftual- ly ; it is good againft the wambling Pains and Sick- nefs of the Stomach, the Bloody-flux, and Bitings of venomous Creatures ; and prevails againft the Jaundice, Strangury or Stoppage of Urine, Stone, Gravel, &c.
XL. The Powder of the Root or Seed. Xt cures Fluxes of the Belly, and {tops the over-flowing of the Courfes in Women. Strewed upon moift and
OM
<> LIS ~
running Sores or Ulcers, it cleanfes, dries and dif- Ss pofes them to a Healing. Given toa dram or dram f Pie a half in choice Red Port Wine, it helps a Dia- | etes. 49 KIL The Vinegar of she Rost. vis Alexiphar.| 229 70shar, ppomntio Dock
mick, being inwardly taken, and prevails againft ma- lign and peftilential Difeafes: outwardly, it isgood| I, The Kinds. Itisthreefold, vis. 1. Oxylapa- againft Souk Morphew, Itch, Mange, Pimples, | thum majus, Lapathum acutum majus, Rumex acatus Puftules, Scabs, and other like Defoedations of the Cordi, The greater fharp-pointed Dock. 2. Oxyla- Skin, the places affeCted being bathed therewith two | pathum, vel Lapathum acutum minus, Rumex acutus er three times a day. minor, The leis or finall fharp-pointed Doe ry : ‘ aylapae
| | i
204 Salmon’s
Oxylapathum, vel Lapathum acutum minimum, Ru-
mex acutus minimus, The {maller or leaft {harp- pointed Dock.
III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater, has a Root which is great, long, and many times fork- ed, being blackifh on the outfide, and fomewbat red- difh and yellowifh within, abiding many Years, but
ometimes perifhing by the Extremity of Winter. From this great and long blackifh Root fpring forth many long, hard and narrowifh green Leaves, very fharp-pointed at the ends, much more fharp than in the former fort: from among which Leaves rifés up a {tiff hard Stalk, two or three feet high, fet with the like Leaves, but fmaller ftill up to the top, not much unlike to Sorre/, but that it is neither fo ten- der nor four, but rather of a bitterifh Tafte. This Stalk is branched forth towards the top into feveral large Branches or Sprigs, bearing {imall reddith Flowers in long Spikes ; after which, in brown reddifh, or dun-colored Husks, is contained finall triangular Seed.
IV. The fecond, or Lef& fharp-pointed Dock, bas @ Root which is long and poe A parted diverfly with {mall Fibres 5 alo thereto: which Root # of a yellow color on the infide ; and from which rifes up a flrong, fitff Stalk, about a foot, and fometimes @ foot and half high, having Leaves thereon, which are long and narrow, waved in on the edges, as if they were crumpled : this Stalk is branched forth into feveral other large Branches, almoft ftom the bottom to the top; all which Branches are alfo be- fet at due diftances, with the like long and narrow Leaves, crumpled in like manner: the Stalks, Branches and Flowers, with the Seed following them, are like unto the former, but that they ftand not on {uch long Sprigs or Twigs, but clofer toge- ther, fome at the Toit, or compafling the Stalks, and others at the tops of, a darker color.
oimted Ze CR a
V. Th third, or Smaller kind, has a Root which és fmall, and more yellow than the firft of this kind
Herbal. Lib. L
at fett. 3. above , but it differs little therefrom in its Form and Manner of Growing, except in its Greatnefs, this being much leffer, {mailer and lower, The Stalk is not much above half the height of the firft, and the Leaves yery fimall, narrow, long and fharp-pointed, not near the quarter part of the LargenefS of the firft of this Species : the Flower is fall, as is the Seed, which is triangular, and con- tained in the like chatty Husks.
VI. The Places. They are all found moft com- monly in moift Meadows, and fometimes in upland Grounds alfo ; at lower ends of Grounds which are moift and plafhy, and near or bordering on Water- Courfes.
VII. The Times. They rife up in the Spring of the Year; flower in Fume and Fuly, and their Seed is 6 in Auguft.
Il. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Common Dock declared in Chap. 220. aforegoing, excepting that the Great /harp-pointed Dock is much more et- ficacious and powerful to all the Intentions there named.
IX. Obfervation. The Great fharp-pointed Dock is efteemed by almoft all Authors, to be a great As —— or Opener, and a powerful thing againft rff, Morphew, Leprofy, Pimples, Puftules, Red- nefs, TawninefS, Tettars, Ringworms, Herpes, and all forts of Scabbinef$ happening to the external Parts of the Body ; and indeed it is the moft excel- lent of all the kinds of Docks for thofe Intentions : and therefore the Juice of the Root is commonly put into thofe Ointments, which are made again{ft Mor- phew, Leprofy, Herpes, Tettars, ScabbinefS, &c. it being a powerful Abfterfive, to remove thofe Defte- dations of the Skin.
CHA P: -CCXXIL Of DOCK Water.
L*/T°HE Names. It is called is Greek, vdepnd-
mabey, x rdmabey Yrvdery : in Latin, Hydrolapa- thum, and Lapathum aquaticum, Rumex aquaticus : in Englifh, Water Dock.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Hydrola- pathum majus, Rumex paluftris Tragi ; Lapathum paluftre 5 pre arsngal Hippolapathum piece Gefneri, Matthiol, Dodonei, Hydrolapathum mag- num, vel majus aquaticum, The greater or great Water Dock. 2. Hydrolapathum minus, Rumex a- sega minor, Lapathum aquaticum minus, The
effer or fmall Water Dock.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firf?, or Great Water Dock, has a thick Root, blacki~h on the outfide, but of a dark reddifh, or reddifh yellow within, which is Shorter than the Great tharp-pointed Dock, and ful ler of Fibres : from this Root {pring up feveral large Leaves, ftanding upen pretty long koot-falks , which Leaves very much refemble the Common Dock Leaves, but that they are much larger and longer, a litle crumpled as to their Subftance, but fmooth on the edges, and for the moft part fharp-pointed. There grows up alfo one large ted 5 green Stalk, which is fometimes {potted towards the Root with a few reddifh Spots: the Leaves growing upon this Stalk are much like thofe juft now defcribed, but lefler, and growing lefler and leffer as Pp
proach near the top, with fome little or | ler
|
i dlliettes inn 2k hee
Englifh Herbs: | 305
Leaves fpringing from, the fame Joints of the Stalk,{_ IV. The fecond, or Leffler Water Dock, has @ where the greater Leaves grow, which leffer Leaves] Roor like ibe former, but it is fmaller, and full of feem to grow in the Bofom, as it were, of the] long Fibres or Strings : the firft Leaves alfo are like greater Leaves. The top of the Stalk fhoots it felf| the firf? Leaves of the former, but much leffer, long forth into feveral {mall Sprigs of Twigs ; each of| end narrower, being alfo fharp-pointed. "The Stalk which, when in Flower and Seed, are of a fpiked | is lower, and fuller ot Branches, with Flowers and Form, and all together with the main top of the} Seed like to the former, and to the reft of the Docks : Stalk make one great fpiked Head of Flowers and} fo that there feems to be little or no other Diffe- Seed ; which lowers and Seed differ nothing in} rence between this and the Greater, but in the Appearance from thofe of the Common Dock, ex-| Magnitude of all the Parts, this being lefS every cepting that they always grow clofer togethér. ways; but in its Form and Manner of Growing, it is much the fame with the other.
‘V. The Places. They both grow in tet and - iplafhy places, and by the edges of {tanding Waters ‘and Ditch-fides : I have found them growing plenti- ae the Fens in Cambridgefhire, in Ditches, and by Ditch-fides, and in the midft of ftanding fhallow
aters ; as alfo in low midland Grounds, at the lower parts of the Land, bordering upon the fenny
s, where the Earth is moift and watry, and by
allow Riyers-fides, :
VI. The Times. Thefe alfo flower in Fune and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe in Auguft.
IL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of thefe, are the fame with thofe of the Common and Sharp-pointed Dock ; and therefore to the two former Chapters I referr you: but this you may take notice of, That the Roots and Seed of the Water Dock are little inferior to thofe of the Sharp- pointed Dock ; and fome learned Men which I know, affirm, that they exceed in Efficacy.
VIL An Obfervation. The Roots of Water Docks or Sharp-pointed Docks, being boiled in Wa- ter till they are foft, and then beaten in a Mortar with Hogs Lard, and fo made into an Ointment, is ' good againtt Scabs, Itch, Mange, Scurff, Morphew, Se y, &c. the Patient being daily anointed with it.
| Chap. 223.
CHAP. CCXXIIL of ‘D OCK Sea.
I. HE Names. — Itis called in Greek, Adwe5a gawdes, F2) Geaarcaxtoy * in Latin, Lapathum Ma- ritimys, Rumex Maritimus: in Englifh, Sea Dock. Il. The Kinds. It is fingularis fui generis, and - becaufe it is a very ftrong-fcented Plant, Authors are pleafed to call it Lapathim Maritimum fatidum, Stinking Sea Dock.
Ill. The Defcription. — It has a long Root, which a pretty thick with fome Fibres thereat, and goes Somewhat deep into the Earth, it being generally ve-
light and fandy Ground in thofe marfhy places, Toone this Root rifes up a Stalk which is reddifh, a foot, and fométimes half a yard high or long, which bends feveral ways. The Leaves grow at the gouty Joints upon long Foot-ftalks, which are broad at bottom, long with a breadth, roundifh towards the top, and then fharp-pointed , they are of a dark red color, waved about the edges, and winged ufu- ally at bottom, with two {fimall pieces like Ears. The Stalk fpreads it felf into many Branches, with the like, but leffer Leaves on them, and a little dented about the edges. Ar the top of the Stalk ftands a Spike of Flowers, compofed of four mofly Leaves apiece ; after which follow leaved round Heads, which cuntain the Seed, mae . Re WW. Tle
206
IV. The Places. It grows in Salt Marfhes, by the fides of Rivers and Brooks which daily flow with Salt Water, and in ftanding Waters which are fometimes overflowed with Salt Floods, or where the Sale Water flows fo high as to reach the Roots thereof. I found it growing in and near the Marjhes by Kings-Lynn in Norfolk, and near the Sea-fhore in many other places.
V. The ‘Times. It flowers in Fune‘and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe not long after.
VI. As to its Qualities and Virtues, Authors have been filent thereon, and I knowing nothing by Ex- perience concerning it, fhall forbear any farther Dif- courfe about it.
CHAP. CCXXIV. of DODDER.
LQ’ HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Chaf-
Sith, and Cufcuth : in Greek, Kaosiday % ygo- ovres : in Latin, Cufcuta, Caffuta, Caffyta, Podagra lint, Angina lini: in Englifh, Dodder.
Il. The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant of the kind, and yet’is various ; for being a Climer, it is faid by Authors to be as manifold as are the Plants upon which it climbs, and accordingly has gotten as ma-
ny Surnames 5 as, "ExtJuyor, Epithymum, Dodder of
Time: immfduar@, Cab ien odder of Spurge: imydonan, Epiartica, odder of Nettles : emguy yser, Eperynorium, Dodder of Eryngo: imdoaxn, Epia- phace, Dodder of Tares: intixsov, Epibicium idem : incre iv, Epigeniflon, Dodder ot Broom: gmd¥xrapcr, Epidictamnus, Dodder of Dittany : snuptes, Epi- thymbra, Dodder of Savory : imiCany, Epibaton,
Dodder of Brambles: iatawar, Ep:linam, Dodder of
Flax: emi dvans, Epilibanotis, odder of Rofema-
Salmon’s Herbal.
Lib. L. ry, or Herb Frankincenfe : émpaes, Epimarum, Dod- der of Herb Mafticha : inmdvvates, Epicannabis, Dod- der of Hemp: ini€euer, Epibryon, Dodder of Hops: imntaser, Epipolium, Dodder of Polimountain: txts ctr, Epiftebe, Dodder of Knapweed: taupdgaxor, Epa- maracum, Dodder of Marjoram: tautiv§sor, Epabjine thion, Dodder of Wormwood : tayduasdeus, Epicha- med Sy Dodder of Germander : émictvaaxtn, ‘picha~ meatte, Dodder of Dwarf Elder : invawr@, Epi- hyffopus, Dodder of Hyffop, &c. And yet, notwith- {tanding all this Variety of Names, it is but one Plant or Herb, and has but one Defcription.
III. The Defcription. This Herb taking Root in the Ground from Seed, fhoots forth Threads or Strings grofjer or finer, as the Property of the Cii- mate, Quality of the Earth, and Nature of the Plant on which it grows will admit, creeping and fpread-
ing on that Plant on which it east, or upon which it climbs, be it high or low, clafping about the very Grafs, if it meets with nothing elfe. Thefe Strings are many, but have no Leaves at all, and winde and interlace themfelves fo thick many times upon a {mall Plant, that it deprives it (as it were) of the Heat of the Sun, an einer. choaks it ; after thefe Strings are rifen up to that height and ftren that they ~ draw Nourifhment from the Plant upon which they climb, you fhall fcarcely fee any Appearance of the Rife of thofe Strings from the Earth, they being broken off by fome Accident, of withred by the Heat of the Sun, or otherwife de- cayed ; (from which Appearance I believe it was, that Matrhiolus and fome others did think it to grow without Root, and not firft to fpring out of the Earth, as it certainly does, and_as they who may: be pleafed to fow the Seed in a Pot by it felf, may obferve, and fee its fpringing up; but if they meet with no Herb or Plant, upon which they may twine themfelves and clamber, they foon perifh and die away: ) and from this Reafon I fuppofe it is, that feveral have thought them to grow as Mo/s upon Trees, or like Mzfe/to : but atter they have loft their Ground-roots, I am apt to think, that the whole Plant draws its Nourifhment (like as Ivy ) from thofe Plants on which it grows. Upon thefe Strings or Threads, which are fometimes white and fometimes red, according to the Herb or Plant on which they grow, are found Clufters or {mall Heads of Husks, out of which proceed whitifh Flowers , which being paft away, do afterwards give fimall pale-colored Seed, fomewhat flat, and twice as large as Poppy Seed.
IV. Obfervation 1. Pliny lib. 26. cap. 8. makes two forts of Epithymum, making the one to be the Flowers of Time, as Diofcorides before him did, both green and white: the other to be red Threads or Strings growing without Root. This Duplicity of kinds Matthiolus has confuted, and now moft of our modern Authors acknowledge but one-kind, tho” it may have fometimes white and fometimes red Strings, as Tragus firft obferved, growing on feve-
of thofe two differing Colors.
V. Obfervat.2. By this alfo it may appear, that neither ‘ime nor Savory, nor any other Herb, do naturally, of their bale Seed, bring forth thefe Strings, but that they fpring from their own Seed, either fhed or partened of themfelves upon the | Ground, or coming among the Seeds of other Herbs which are fown. As alfo they” upon various Plants, fo in the hotter Countries ey
hot Herbs, as on Thyme, Savory, Byop,
ral Herbs, according to which, they are found to be ¥e
= pe er me ee ek
~ alfo it
Cl
lap. 2, ie 5 4 Hemp, Nettles, Dwarf-Elder, Tares, on which laft it grows abundantly in fome places, where ic de- {troys the Pw//e, or at leaft makes it much worfe ; and is called by the Country People, He//-weed, be- caufe they know not how to deftroy it.
VI. The Places. Dodder grows in Afia minor, or Natolia, Greece, the Morea, Spain, Italy, and other hot Countries ; as alfo plentifully in Exg/and : I found ic growing Wild in feveral places in Cam-
. bridgefbire, upon Dwarf-Elder, and upon Nettles,
as alfo in feveral Hemp-lands upon Hemp. It grows on feveral Plants upon Hamftead-heath, as upon Ferm, &c. as alfo on feveral places on Black-beath in Kent, where Parkinfon fays he found it. It grows plentifully upon Nett/es in Somerfetfhire , and in feveral other parts of this Kingdom ; as alfo upon Tares near London.
VIL. The Times. It flourifhes in Fu/y and Ax- uft, in which times, and alfo after, it bears its lower and Seed.
VIIL The Qualities. Itis faid to be hot and dry
in the fecond Degree: but I am of the Opinion, that that Dodder which grows on the hot Plants, as
hime, Marjoram, Savory, Hyffop, is hot in the fe-
cond Degree; but that which grows on the colder and more temperate Plants, as Fern, Nettles, Flax, Hemp, &c. does not exceed the firft Degree of Heat : for the Qualities and Properties of this Herb much
follows thofe of the Plants upon which it grows,
and fo in fome meafure changes and alters aecord- ingly ; fo that enquiring into the Nature of the Plant upon which it is nourifhed, you may in part fee into what Nature and Properties it may be al- tered. It is Abfterfive, with an aftringent or bind- ing Quality, efpecially that which grows upon the Bramble, and other aftringent Plants ; fince it is ma- nifeft, that it receives a certain Quality from its Parents, by whofe Juices it is nourifhed. That which grows upon hotter Herbs, as Thyme and Savory, be- comes hotter and drier, and of thinner parts. That which poe upon Broom is Diuretick, and pro- vokes Urine more forcibly, and withal makes the Belly more foluble. That which grows upon Flax is lefS drying. It is dedicated to the Liver and Speen, as alfo the other Bowels;, and has a gentle fort of Cathartick or Purging Faculty with it.
IX. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing a- gainft Oppreffions of the Spleen, and Hypochon- driack isaac
X. The Preparations. This Herb admits not of many Preparations ; the chiefare, 1. A Fuice or Effence. 2. An Infufion or Decottion.
The Virtues.
XI. The liquid Fuice or Effence. It opens Ob- ftru€tions of the Liver and Spleen, and purges Me- lancholy and aduft Choler from the Spleen and Hy- pochonders, and indeed from the whole Body. Dofé three ounces, fweetned with an ounce of choice Manna diffolved init. It evacuates Flegm from the Head and Viftera, difcharges the Lungs, and is pro- fitable againft a Vertigo, Megrim, and other inve- terate Pains of the Head. It prevails againft faint- ing and fwooning Fits, by carrying off the fharp
acrid Humors which caufe them. It is power-
ful againft Madnefs and Agues, efpecially Quartanes, bad they aiabngs of a co kwlpepe Nog - t is agai pochondriack Melancholy, fo
dae inft thofe Difeafes which that Hu-
mor breeds, as irrhus, Cancer, Hardnef$ of the
Spleen, Pain and Windinefs of the Spl Stop-
of the Reins, Itch, Scabs, Leprofy, han- lignant and cancerous as alfo the of the French-Pox. It very much cleanfes
Englifh Herbs.
the Blood from Melancholy and adult Humors, is good againft the Yellow Jaundice, and tho’ it has a purging Propetty,: yet it alfo f{trengthens both Liver and Spleen, and cures Agues in Children, if a little Worm-feed be added to it. _ It provokes Urine fin- gularly, and cleanfes the Urinary Paffages from Sand, Gravel and tartarous Matter, efpecially if a little of the Pouder of Avifeed and Tincture of Wormwood be added, and then it alfo eafes Gripings in the Bowels, and brings down the Terms in Wo- men. Mix the Dofe with a Glaf$ of White Port Wine, and fo let it be drunk. XII. The Infufion or Decottion in White Wine. If ou make a Decoétion thereof, the Boiling muft hot be much, for it will not endure long boiling, be- caufe it will loofe it felf. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice or Effence aforegoing, and may be taken to half'a pint, more or lefs, ata time, fweet- ned by diffolving an ounce of pure Manna in the fame. It is faid to cure Children of Agues, being given from two to four ounces, as afotefaid.
XIIL Nota. Dodder of Flax is peculiar for o- pening Obftructions of Liver, Spleen and Gall. Dodder upon Brambles is good againft the Yellow Jaundice, and ftrengthens the Vifcera much. Dodder of Nettles provokes Urine, opens Obftru€tions of the Womb, and loofens the Belly. Dodder of Thyme comforts and warms a cold Stomach, and reétifies the Difcrafy of the Blood and Humors, prevailing againft old Head-achs, the Megrim, Vertigo, Mad nefs, E ilepiy purging downwards black Choler and Melancholy. Dodder of Broom is good to open Obftructions of the-Reins, Ulreters and Bladder,
rovoke Urine, expel Sand, Gravel and tartarous Mattes; and give eafe in the Strangury, expelling watry and hydropick Humors. In a word, Dodder of all other Plants, in like manner, partakes of the Nature, Qualities and Properties of them on which they grow, (as abovefaid ) whether they be hot or cold, cathartick or aftringent ; and it is thought to work more effettually for thofe Difeafes, whereun- to the Herb it felf is applied. But oh eet: or Dodder of Thyme, is that which, by all Phyficians, is accounted the moft puncpal and moft powertul Dodder ; and doubtlefs is the beft of them all, to be ufed to cold and moift Habits and Conftirutions of Body.
CHAP. CCXXV. of DOGS-BANE.
LS HE Names. It is called in Greek, ‘Amcxvver,
5 Kuviueesw, (guia Canis interficit ;) the Greeks alfo Call it meirany, from its climing Pro- perty : in Latin, Apocynum, and Periploca: in Eng: lifh, Dogs-bane.
Il. The Kinds. There are five kinds hereof, vrz. three Exropean kinds, and two American. The Ex- ropean kinds are, 1. Apocynum anguftifolium five repens, Climing Dogs-bane, or Narrow-leav’d Dogs- bane. © 2. Apocynum latifolium non repens, Broad- leav’d upright Dogs-bane. 3. <dpocynum folio an- gujfto Salicis, Willow-leav’d Dogs-bane. The Ame- rican Kinds ate, 4. Apocynum reftum minus angu- fiifolium Americanum, The \effer upright narrow- leav’d American Dogs-bane. 5. <Apocynum retum majus latifolium Americanum, The greater upright broad-leav’d American Dogs-bane, or Virginian
Silk. ; Rra2 iL The
_
205 Salmons Herbal. Lib. 1.
ry great height, twenty foot bigh, or more fometimes, if any thing grows or ftands by it, upon which it may climb lugher, or elfe falling down again with its top, on which fland at feveral good diflances ( faving at the tops, where they fland thicker hi together) two _| Leaves longer and narrower than the next defcribed, and pointed at the ends, fomewbat thick, and of a deep green color, almoft fhining. The Flowers ftand in the fame manner as thofe in the next, and confift of five thick Leaves, each of them pointed, and bending fomething backwards, feeming to have two Leaves apiece, one lying upon another, like unto thofe of Barren-wort, the undermoft being greener and larger than the upper Leaves which lye upon them, and are not fo large to cover them wholly, but leave the green brims or edges of the lower Leaves to be feen round about them; which upper »Leaves'are of a dark purple or reddifh color, and cleave fo faft to the lower, that it is very hard to ‘feparate them. In the middle of each Flower ftands a green Pointel, encompafled with five dark yellow ‘Chives; each of them twining inwards. After the ‘Flowers are fallen, fimall long Cods appeary (in warm Countries, but fearcely in England 1) two al-
ly \ ia WN uM WON
\
< ways joined together, but more ftri€tly than in the
: < diateng Plant, bending fomething more outward
w Me sin the middle, and meeting together almoft at the
= ~! points, in which lyes fat Seed, wrapped in a kind
VA yp) -of filken Down. This Plant loofes its Leaves, but tiie
not its Stalks; in the Winter, frefh coming forth a- gain in the Spring. ;
IV. The fecond, or Broad-leav’d upright Dogs- - bane, bas a Root which grows down into the Ground, Spreading it felf out into feveral Branches, with di- vers fmall Fibres adjoining: from this Root {prings up a woody Stem, of the thicknefs of ones Finger, covered with a greyish Bark, from whence arife fe-
eafy fe a
a
€ reaping Daggs bon
yp B POOH Tee th FEL REP WS WA
TRS)
AV Ai\\
S; \} , = , . a SS)
veral woody, but flexible greenifh Branches, twift or winde about any thing, being very tough an hard to break, flanding for the moft part upright, —_ and feldom trailing, or laying hold of any thing which may grow near it , having two broad dark green | Leaves, but fharp-pointed, and not round, fet at e- , very Foint all along, but not very near one unto ano- | ther, full of Veins, and fomething fofter than lyy- + ia Leaves, but thick witbal, whofe Stalks and Branch- a es being broken, yield a pale yellow-colored Milk or Fuice. But as Diofcorides and other Authors fay, of a much deeper yellow, which thing may be ad- | mitted when it grows in warmer Clinates than is this of ours. . The Flowers {pring forth at the Joints with the Leaves, growing upon Foot-ftalks not ve- ty long , and at the tops three or four or more of them itand, fometimes together, which confift of five fmall pointed Leaves, of a whitifh color, yet larger than thofe of A/clepiasor Stoallow-wort. — Af- ter which (in the hotter Climates, but {carcely ir ours ) grow long, crooked and pointed Cods, fome- thing more hard and woody than ‘thofe.of Steallor- . wort, altho’ nothing fo' muchas thofe of the Q/ean- der or'Rofe Bay-tree, two moft ufually ftanding to- gether upon one Stalk, but fevered at the fetting to yok ot and. < sare A fe a bse ps
like the former) in which lye di many flat, (ackifh brown, Seeds. This Plane loofés not its © Branches in the Winter, but only its;Leaves, they ‘ every Siecite eons forth néw agai
V. The third, or Willow-leav'd: bane, bas AG ing oe rs
a Root much like the firft, from which;
Stems or Branches, baving fet: at every
climbing Twigs two narrow Leaves apiece, 10 the firft kind, but they are not fo thick, rather a lit- tle thinner, and much narrower than they, al refembling the. Form of a: Willow Leaf. ‘The Fl ers are like the firft, and blow~as |
| | |
“ait:
LZ
AY
}
Ill. The Deferiptions. The firf?, or Narrow-leav’d climing Dogs-bane, bar a Root which fpreads in the Ground like the otber, and fomerimes fends forth Suckers, whereby it is encreafed. This Root fends forth feveral woody Branches, but tough and flexible, of a dark greyifh green color, and fometimes brown- ik, efpectally near the Ground, where it bears no Leaves after it is grown to any bignefs or height, cwbich wind themfelves from the Sun-ward, to a-ve-
bie
Chap. 226. Englifh Herbs.
much like to the former Narrow-/eav'd in its Form avd Manner of Growing ; and it loofes its Leaves in the Winter, as that-othet does, renewing them a- §iin in the Spring.
VI. The fourth, or Leffer upright narrow-leav’d American Dogs-bane, bas a thick Root, but it creeps - not in the Ground, ax the Greater American doth ; but from many long Fibres, it fhoots forth a round brown Stalk, about half a yard high, baving at each Joint a pair of long narrow Leaves, and fuch a large Luft of Flowers at the top, as the following baz, but of a deeper purple color, which haye a certain Clam- mine{fS on them, which will detain Flies or other light things which happen to fall thereon. After » which come long and ftrait Cods, (not crooked, like the Greater fort following ) with flat brown Seed therein, lying in a white kind of Down, like unto A Si or Swallow-wort. This being broken, yields a milky Sap or Juice, like the other. ;
VIL. The fifth, or Greater upright. broad-leav’d American Dogs-bane, called Virginia Silk, has a Root which, is long and white, of the thicknefs of a Man’s Thumb, running under Ground very far, and, Scoting up, again in divers places, the Heads bein, Set ful of final white Knohs or Knots, fending fort many Branches, if it flands apy long time in a place. From this, Root. rifes “ te cle and Sometimes more, being ftrong and round, and three or four feet bigh, on which are fet, at the feveral. Foints there- oft two fair, long and brogd Leaves, as ointed, with many Veins therein, growing clofe to the Stem, without any Foot-ftalk, At the tops of the Stalks, and fometimes at the Joints with the Leaves, grows forth a great Bufh of Flowers, out of a thin Skin, to the number of twenty, and fometimes of thirty or forty, every one with a long Foot-ftalk, hanging down their Heads for the moft part, efpecially thofe which are outwardmoft, every one ftanding within a Husk of green Leaves, turned to the Stalk-ward, like to the Ly/imachia or Looftrife Flower of Virgi- nia, and each of them confifting of five fmall Leaves apiece, of a pale purplifh color on the upper fide, and of a pale yellowifh purple underneath ; both fides of each Leaf'being as it were folded together, making them feem hollow and pointed, witha few fhort Chives in the middle. Atter the Flowers are paft, long and crooked Cods, pointed, and ftanding Dy ht, fucceed, in which are contained flat brown- ifh Seed, difperfedly lying within.a great deal of fine, foft. and whitifh brown Silk, very like unto the Cods, Seed and Silk of A/clepias or Swallow-wort, but that the Cods are greater, and more crooked, and harder alfo in the outward Shell. The whole Plant, as well Leaves as Stalks, being.broken, will yield a pale kind of Milk or Juice.
VUL. The Places. The firft and third grow in Italy, Apulia and Calabria in the Kingdom of Ng- ples. The fecond grows in Syria and the Eajlern Countries, as alfo in Ita/y, as Maithiolys reports ; but with us they grow in Gardens. The two laft came from our Ezg/y/h Plantations.in America. The laft, Parkinfon fays, came to him from Virginia, ' Where it grows abundantly ; he raifed it from the Seed which he had from thence. 1X. The Times. The three firft flower late in the
Year, if they flower at all with us, viz. about the
end of Auguft, and to. the middle of September.
The two latter flower in jy and Augu/? ; and their
Seed is ripe in Auguft and September following. — _. X. The Qualities. -Thefe Plants are hot and dry
in the fourth Degree, Janziiews, Venefick or Poyfo- nous; they are 10. great Poyfons, as to kill Dogs, which they will do, if the Herb is mixed with
S Ma
~ 4» cthevwkich aint: pamtant > Broth or Meat, and fo given them 5
lieth Bi + we 6 4 9 ee b 7 aa on *4
382 and therefore they are not to be given to Mankind. The three firft are faid to exceed in Malignity both Woolfs-bane and Oleander or Rofe-Bay : but as mott Poyfons have their Antidotes, as that of Thora is Aathora, that of Pardalianches is Herba Paris, 0 the Antidote to this Apecynum is A/clepias or Swal- /ow-wort. Some may object it asa Fault to me, that I have put into my Herbal fuch poyfonous Plants as this is; but to fuch I anfwer, That the more poyfonous they are, the more neceflary to be known, that People may take notice of them, and beware of tifing them ; yet thefe Poyfons are not without their Virtues alfo ; for tho’ they are not fit to be given inwardly, yet fometimes they may be applied outwardly to advantage. As to the afore- going Plants, all Authors have concluded the firft three under the Character of being Deleéterious or Deadly : as for the other two, nothing is yet known of them by Experience , yet by their milky Juice, which is burning, fiery and exulcerating, they may almoft be concluded ir the fame Claffis; for which Reafon I fhould defire every one to be cautious in their Ufe. - ¢
XI. The milky Fuice of any of the three firft Eee s very hot Cy Sais ‘and being outward
applied, it is good againft Tettars, Ringworms, Scunih Morphew, Leprofy ; and to fetch Hair o from Hides, if they be fteeped in it: Even in the outward Application it is to be ufed with Cau-
tion.
XIL. A Cataplafm made of the Leaves of either of the American kinds, by being beaten either crude or boiled in Water, and fo applied, it is faid to be ~~ for Tumors and Pains proceeding from a cold
aufe.
XIIL. Gerard fays, that the Cods of the laft, or Greater upright broad-leav'd American Plant, aré ftuffed full with a moft pure Silk, of a fhining white color: The Cods (fays he) are not’only full of Silk, but every Nerve or Sinew, wherewith the Leaves are ribbed, are likewifé molt pure Silk , as alfo are the Peelings or Bark of the Stems or Branches, like as is the Peeling or Bark of F/ax or Hemp, Cordage for making Linnen. But the Indi ans have not the Underftanding in them to make ufé of it, fo as to cover their NakednefS, notwithftand- ing (fays he) the Earth is covered over with this Silk. This they daily tread under their Feet, which would be futficient to Cloath many Kingdoms, if it was carefully Cherifhed and Manured.
XIV. This laft Plant Parkinfon tells us he raifed up in England, from Seed which was fent to him from Virginia ; but he fays there is another Plant growing in Virginia, called Si/k-Gra/s, which is ve- ry much diffeting from this. =~
© H AP. CCXXVL Of DOGS-STONES,
I. HE Names. This Plant is called in Greek, Buyootenss ; in Arabick, Chafi alkes, and Chafr alcbels: in Latin, Cynoforchis,and Tefticulus vel Le- fticuli Canis : in Englifh, Dogs-fienes. Il. The Kinds. This Plant is of the kinds of
| Orchis ; now, how manifold the chief and principal
Species or Kinds of Orchis are, we think neceffary to declare here, that things may be fet in a true and clear Light. Orchides then are divided into. nine principal kinds, vz. into, 3. Cynoforchis, Pegs
Ones,
’
ata
210 Salmon’s
Herbal. Lib. L
nee OOo {tones, of which only in this prefent Chapter. 2.|a {piked Head of purplith Flowers, fet thick and
Orchis morie, Foolsftones. 3. Orchis Serapias, vel Tefticulus Vulpinus, Fox-ftones. 4. Tragorchis, Goats-ftones, 5. Orchis odoratus, Tefticulus odora- tus, Sweet Cullions, which fee in Chap. 184. afore- going. 6. Orchis abortiva, vel Nidus avis, Stones mif-{hapen, or Birds-neft, which fee in Chap. 73. of this Book. 7. Orchis palmata, Handled Orchis. 8. Orchis paluftris, Fenny-ftones. 9. Orchis Mac- caria, Fly Orchis ; of all which (not yet treated of ) we fhall {pezk hereafter in their proper places.
Ul. Dogs-flones ( the fubje&t Matter of this Chap- ter ) are accounted by Authors to be about fourteen or fifteen feveral kinds, but we fhall only treat of thofe which are found to grow in Exg/and, which are thefe following, wiz. 1. Cynoforchis major lati- folia, The greater broad-leav’d Dogs-ftones. 2. Gy- noforchis major purpurea latifolia, The greater broad- leav'd purple Dogs-ftones. 3. Gynoforchis major fpica compatta, Marfh Dogs-{tones, or The greater pale purple-Howred Dogs-{tones. 4. Cynoforchis latifolia minor, The fmaller pale purple Dogs-ftones. 5. Cynoforchis maculata, Spotted Dogs-ftones. 6. G- noforchis militaris, frve Strateumatica major , The greater Soldiers Dogs-ftones. 7. Cynoforchis mili- taris minor, The \efler Soldiers Dogs-ftones. 8. Cynoforchis militaris minima, five Pannonica, The
or Hungarian Soldiers Dogs-ftones.
Ye ——TS
IK [7 AU LLLL
Ls;
Uy y yb 7 hs Y,
IV. The Defcriptions. The fir/f, or Great broad- leav’d Dogs-ftones, has a Root which is compofed of two round white Bulbs, fet together, like the two Stones of a Dog, with long kibres at the Heads of them, one fomewhat higher fometimes than another , and always one of them, which is the higher, # firm, full and hard, the other lank, wrinkled and foft, tohich wafteth away to nothing, leaving the firm Root, which fo abides all the Winter, and in the Spring a- nother vs engendred, and encreafes from the fide of the old one, and then that begins to grow lank, whilft the other new one encreafes. This Root fends forth five or fix broad Leaves near the Ground; from a- mong which rifes up around green Stalk, half'a yard high, bare or without Leaves, or but one or two {maller {tanding below, at the top of which ftands
forth.
clofé together, made like unto open Hoods, trom
the middle whereof hangs down a {mall Body, as it
were, of a Dog, or other fuch Creature, being of a pale purple color it felf; {potted with deeper pur-
= Spots, and Lines ; after which come fomewhat . ong and round {mall Husks, containing therein ra-
ther {mall Duft than Seed, it is fo fmall.
V. The fecond, or Greater broad-leav'd purple Dogs-ftones, bas a Root like the former ; but this fort has Leaves fomething narrower than the other : the Stalk is nearly of the fame height, and the {pi- ked Head of Flowers is neither fo long nor {fo thick, and the Flowers are of a whitifh putple color, mark- ed with fome sats Spots and Lines more inward, formed like open Hoods, and {mall Bodies hanging Sey like the former ; the Seed being alfo like the ame.
VI. The third, or Marth Dogs-ftones, bas a Root like the firft alfo, and the Leaves of this are fom what narrower than in the laft , and the Stalk alfo is fomewhat lower, with Leaves upon it, which are fometimes {potted ; and the f{piked Head fhort and clofe ; with the like Flowers for Form, but fome- what lefS, thick fet together, which are of a whit- ifh 3 gis color, and fpotted.
Il. The fourth, or Smaller pale purple Dogs- ftones, (which Gerard calls White Dogs-ftones) has Roots altogether like the firft aforegoing, from which Springs up a Stalk almoft a foot bigh, fet with five or fix Leaves, clafping or embracing the fame round about : and the tirft Leaves rifing up, are likewife fmooth, long, broad Leaves, but lellex and narrow- er than thofe of the firft kind. The fpiky Head of Flowers is fhort, thick, bufhy, compaét of many {mall whitifh putple-colored Flowers, and fpotted on the infide with many fimall putple Spots, and little Lines or Streaks. The fimall Flowers are like an open Hood or Helmet, having hanging out of e- very one, as it were, the Body of a little Man, without a Head, with Arms ftretched forth, and Thighs ftradling abroad, after the fame manner al- matt that the Children are wont to be pittured, hanging out of Seturn’s Mouth.
VIL. The fifth, or Spotted Dogs-ftones, bave Roots like the others, but leffer , from whence come forth narrow Leaves, ribbed in fome fort like unto the Leaves of Narrow Plantane or Ribwort, dafht with many black Streaks and Spots. The Stalk is a foot and half or more high , at the top of which does grow a Tuft or Ear of Violet-colored Flowers, mixt with a dark purple, but in the Hollownefs thereof whitifh, not of the fame Form or Shape which the others are of, but leffer, and as it were refembling fomething the Flowers of Larks-Spur.
IX. The fixth, or Greater Soldiers Dogs-ftones, bas round bulbous Roots, great and thick, from the Heads of which Bulbs many Fibres or Threads jerint
This Root fends forth feveral large Leaves below, and fome leffer on the Stalk, which feem to enclofe it. The Stalk is fmooth, green, and a- bout half'a yard high. The fpiked Head -of Flow- ers ftands fomewhat loofe, the Flowers being a lit- tle feparated one from another: each Flower is alfo like unto a Man, whofe Body has its Arms and Legs cut off, and a Hood fet thereon; or a Leg-lefs Soldier with his Helmet on, the Hood or Helmet being white, and the Body {potted with purple Spots.
x The feventh, or Leffler Soldiers Dogs-ftones, has Roots, Leaves, Stalks and Spike of Elowers alto- gether like the laft, but that they are all of them eve-. ry ways les, and the Flowers fomewhat whiter.
Xl. The eighth, or Leaft Hungarian Soldiers Dogs-ftones, bas Roots like the others, but fmaller
Ta eee eS Sw.
ST =
~~ =
PRESS Fa | ———/
— | :
Chap. 227. much; from whence five or fix little Leaves /pring terth 5 the Stalk is about fix or feven inches high, Jet about, with fomewhat leffer Leaves. The Tuft of Flowers at the top of the Stalk are ofa purple color, finall, with a white Lip, divided into four Partitions, hanging down, which is alfo {potted lightly with purple. It has a little Spur hanging down on the hinder part of each Flower. The
is fmall, and contained in fuch twined Heads as in other Plants of this kind.
XII. The Places. Thefe all grow in many-places of this Kingdom, in moift and fertile Meadows. The Marsh Dogs-fiones grow for the moft. part in moift and waterifh Woods, as alfo in Marfh Ground. The laft grows in Auftria, Germany, Hungary; and in many places of England.
XIIl. Ihe Times, They flower from the begin- ning of May till the end of Fume ; but, faysGerard, to the end of Augu/t.
_ XIV. The Qualities. Dogs-ftones are temperate in refpect to Heat and Coldnefs, and the fud/ _ c/e moift in the. fecond Degree.. The wrink/ed or Joft one temperate in refpe€t to Drynef$ or Moifture. The full Tefficle feems to. be Digeftive, Diuretick, Hyfterick, Chylifick and Spermatogenetick. The Soft or withred Stone is oppolite to all the foregoing Qualities, and rarely ufed\Phyfically. All the forts or kinds of Te/ficu/i provoke or ftir up Luft, and they are promifcuoufly ufed for that the beft and moft ual for that Purpofe, are the Tefticuli Canini, of which the harder and fuller Bulb is to be chofen, as aforefaid. The fuller Root
is not always the greater, but oftentimes the leffer, |
efpecially if they are gathered before the Plant has fhed its Flower, or when the Stalk firft comes up ; nor does it attain to be the greateft till the Seed comes to be perfectly ripe. For fince that every o- ther Year, by courfe, one Bulb or Stone grows full, the other empty, and fo perifhes ; it cannot be, that the harder and fuller of Juice fhould be always the greater ; for at fuch time as the Leaves come forth, the harder and fuller Stone begins to encreafe, and as that encreafes, fo the other, by little and little, decreafes and withers away, till the Seed is ripe, at what time the whole Plant above Ground does forthwith decay and perifh, and that which all this while has been encreafing, remains ftill frefh and full till the next Year.
XV. The Specification. 'They are peculiar for the curing Impotency in Men.
XVI. The Preparations. Youmay have, 1. The Effence. 2. The Sanguis or Blood.
The Virtues.
XVII. The Efence. Being taken daily, firft in the Morning fafting, and laft at Night going to Bed, from one {poonful to three in a GlafS of generous Wine, it not only provokes Luft, but it alfo takes away the Imbecility or Impotency of the Inftruments _of Generation, but alfo promotes a plentiful Gene- ration of Seed.
XVII. The Sanguis or Blood. It has all the Vir- tues of the Effence, but is indeed more powerful to all the mentioned Intentions ; it comforts and warms the Inftruments of Generation, making a liberal en- creafe of Animal Spirits, ftirring up the Perfon who takes it to an ardent defire of Coition. The Dofe is one or two f{poonfuls in a Glaf$ of Madera or o-
ther generous Wine, Morning and Night.
Englifh Herbs,
fore alto, Dogs-tooth with a white
fe; but] »
311
C HA P, CCXXVIL
Of DOGS--TOOTH.
L*P° HE Names. Some will have this to be
Tarvecv seuresvioy, Diofcoridis, i. €. Satyrion habens Radicis Corticem rubrum, Didfc. lib. 3. cap. 144. but this other Authors will not allow of: Par- kinfon, will have that (and I believe rightly enough) — ‘to be our Tu/ip. Others will have this Plant to be a kind of Violet, (tho’ there is nothing like a Violer in it) and fo call it Dogs-toorh Violet. It is called it Latin, Dens caninus, Dentali Clufii & Lobelii, Hermodattylus Gefneri, Pfeudobermodattylus Mat- thiol, and in Exglifh, Dogs-tooth.
Il. The Kinds. It is doubtlefs one of the kinds of Satyrion, tho’ not the true Satyrion Diofcoridis, and our Moderns have given to it the Name of Dens caninus. It is threefold, viz. 1. Dens caninus Flower. 2. Dens caninus flore purpurafcente, Dogs-tooth with a purple Flower. 3. Dens caninus fore rubro, Dogss tooth with a red Flower.
WLLL
MMM
lil. The Defttiptions. The firf?, or White- flowred, bas a white bulbed Root, long and _{mall, Px commonly larger than either of the two following, bie-
ger below than above, with a {mall piece adjoining
to the bottom of it. Fromthis Root, in the beginning of the Spring, after the Winter-Frofts are paft, two Leaves for the moft part (very rarely three) rife up, when it will ower, (otherwife but one) which-are clofed together when they firft come up out of the Ground, and enclofe the Flower between them. The Leaves, when they are opened, do lay themfelves flat on the Ground, or not much above it, one op- pofite unto the other, with the Stalk, and the Flow- er upon it, ftanding between them, which Leaves are of a whitifh green color, long and nartow, yet
| broader in the middle than at both ends, growing
leis
slr ee
2 12 Salmon’s
lefS by degrees each way, {potted and flriped all o- ver the Leaves with white Lines and Spots. The Stalk rifés. up feven or eight inches high, bearing at its top one Flower, and no more. This Flower Hangs down its Head, and is larger than any of the following kinds, 2nd confifts of ie white} long and. narrow Leaves, turning themfélves up again after it has felt the Warmth of the Sun, that they do al- moft touch the Stalk again, very like to the Flow- ers of Cyclamen or Sowbread : it has in the middle
~ of the Flower fix white Chives, tipt with dark pur- ple Pendents, and a white three-forked Stile in the midft of them. The Flower has no Smell at all, but is commendable chiefly for its Beauty and Form. After the Flower is paft, there comes in its place a round Head, feeming three-{quare, containing there- in fmall yellow Seed.
IV. The fecond, with a purple Flower, bas a white bulbed Root, like unto the former, but leffer, as aforebinted : the Leaf hereof is not fo long as that, but broad and fhort, fpotted with darker Lines and Spots. The Flower is like the other, but fmaller, and of a delayed peli color, very pale fometirnes, and fometimes a little déepér, ‘turning it felf as the other, with a Circle round about the middle. The Chives hereof are not white, but declining’ to pur- ple : in all other Refpetts it is like to the afore-
oing. V. The third, witha red Flower, bas a like white
bulbous Root. The Form and Largenefs of the Leaf}
is like to the laft defcribed, fo alfo the Form and Big-
nefs of the Flower.: but in this the chief Difference |
confifts, that the Leaves of this are of a yellowith, neal green color, {potted and ftreaked with red- der Spots and ftripes, and the Flower of a deeper reddifh purple color ; and the Chives alfo more pur- ple than the laft ; but in all other things they are very like one another.
VI. The Places. All the forts of Dexs caninus grow in Foreign Countries, as in Ita/y on the Exga- nean Hills, on the Apenine, alfo about Gratz the chief City of Stiria, and about Bayonne, and in fe- veral other places: they alfo grow in the Gardens of our Klorifts in England.
VII. The Times. They moft commonly flower in March, and many times in Apri/, according to the Warmth or Coldnefs of the Seafon.
VIII. As to the Qualities, Specification, Prepara- tions and Virtues, they are much the fame with the Orchides or Dogs-ftones in the former er a to which I referr you: only it is faid, that thefe are more efficacious for Venereous A€tions than any of the Orchides and Satyrions.
{very finall, bright, red Flowers of five Leaves a-
IX. Obfervation. The Pouder of the Root being given inwardly in Broth, Milk or Wine to one or two drams, is faid to be efteftual againft Worms in the Belly ; to eafe the Pains of the Cholick, to ftrengthen and nourifh the whole Body, and to cure the Falling-ficknefS in Children.
CHAP. CCXXVIIL of DOVES-FOOT.
L/P HE Names. It is called in Greek, Teese R memracsed és, x THs messered es : in Latin, Ge- ranium Columbinum, Pes Columbinus , and in Eng- | mon
lifh, Doves-foot.
Fisisl. .--Aae
Il. The Kinds. There are many kinds of this Plant, but the principal which grow in Exgland are the three following, 1. Geranium Columbinum val» gare, Pes Columbinus communis, The common Doyes- foot. 2 Geranium Columbinum Laciniatum, Pes - Columbinus alter, The jagged Doves-foor. 3. Ge- ranium Saxatile, Pes Columbinus Saxatilis, The Stone or Rock Cranes-bill, or Doves-foor.
‘Doues Foos :
— ((E=—— ya ‘)
III. The Deferiptions. . The fir/?, or Common Doves-foot, has a Root which is fomething long and woody, having fome Fibres adjoining to it ; from whence arife feveral {mall, round, pale, green Leaves, cut in about the edges, much like unto Mallows, er rather a Doves Foot, flanding upon long, reddifh, bai- ry Stalks, lying in a round Compafs upon the Ground ,
om among which rife up two or three or more jointed, reddifh, hairy Stalks, flender and weak, with fome fuch like Leaves thereon, but {maller, and more cut in up to the tops, where grow many
iece ; after which follow fall Heads, with fimall ort Beaks pointing forth, as all the other forts of Cranes-bills do, of which this is a kind, whereby they ate known to be of this Family, how differing foever the Face or Form of their Leaves may be. — ; IV. The fecond, or Jagged Doves-foot, bas a Ract 4 like the former, from whence {pring up Leaves, ‘ which are greener, not full out fo round, and fome-* what more cut in on the edges, making the Leaf to feem of feveral apeete more than the other, or like the Vervain Mallow, but fomething lefer. The Stalks are weak and leaning, like the former, as al- fo are the Flowers and Seed with its long Beak. _ V. The third, or Rock or Stone Doves-foot, is @ leffer Plant than the Common Doves-toot, and bas a Root which is fmall and yellowifh, yet abides many Years and perifbes not, and alfo encreafes plentifully — of the Seed it lets fall. From this Root {pring forth many Mos Leaves, very like to thofe of the Com- — ves-foot, which are fomewhat cut in om ihe
Perr easel
a
from, 1. A liquid Fuiee. 2. An Effence. 3. All §
- generous Wine, it prevails againft the Cholick,
* C i Chap. 229. Enxglifh Herbs. 212 ther Vifcera: and it given in White Wine, it is good to expel the Stone and Gravel in the Reins.
XI. The Ejjence. It has all the former Vittues ; befides which, it is good for fuch as have inward Wounds,Hurts or Bruifes; it ftops inward Bleedings, and diffolves and expels the congealed Blood. It is found alfo by Experience to be a finguler good thing for Ruptures or BurftennefS, whether in Old or Young. You may give two or three {poontuls Morning and Night, in a GlafS of White or Red -
Port, Sherry, €7c. . XII. The Decoffion in Red Port Wine. It is an
edges, very green and fhining, fo very like to a {mall ‘Sanicle Leaf, that it may eafily deceive the unawary ; thefe Leaves grow upon reddifh Foot-ftalks, and lye upon the Ground all the Autumn, Winter and Spring until the Summer that the Stalks rife up, which are about feven, eight or ten inches bigh or more, bear- ing a few Leaves on them, and very fmall, purplifh red Flowers, brighter and redder than thofe m4 the Common Doves-foot, which being pafs’d away, yield very fmall Seed, but like the others in its Beak-like Shape or Fafhion.
Stone or Rock Doves-foot.
{pace of one and twenty days together, it will mi- eo eae: as he had oftentimes proved, by which he had gotten much Money and ‘Reputation. If the Rupture is in an a- ged Penfon, it fhall then be needful to add thereto (rays he) the Pouder of red Snails, ( thofe without hells) to the number of mine, dried in an Oven,
VI. The Places. The firft grows in Meadows and Pafture-grounds, by Ditch-fides, and Banks of Ditches, and by Path-fides, almoft every where. The fecond is alfo found in Meadow and Pafture Grounds, where the Ground ‘is ‘fat, and near Ditch- fides, but not fo frequent as the former. The third
ows in ftoney, rocky and ee Grounds, in Prcthe Sylva, as Camerarius and Thalivs fay, and about ao as Columna Mays : and it has been of- ten found in feveral rocky, ftoney and gravelly places of this our Kingdom, of England.
VIL. The Times. They all flower in the Sum- mer Months, in Fuse, Fuly and Aygu/t, fome more early than the others ; and'their Seediis ripe in fome fhort time after. i
VIL. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the firft ee ; ingent, Carminatiye and Trau-|| |. 7 HE Names. It is called inGreck, Seextine; matick or Vulntrary ; Arthritick and Apaleptick. | in Arabick, Luf and Alluf: in Latin, Dra-
IX. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing tol] contium , and in Englifh, Dragon or Herb-Dragon, ftop Bleeding, and.cure\Wounds and Ruptures. || and Dragon-wort.
The Preparations. Xow may make there-} II. The Kinds. It is manifold, 1. Aezxérno wha, \ Seanovsia. usgdan: in Latin, Dracontium majus, and
It gives eafe in any Pains of the Extream Parts,
roceeding from a hot Caufe, or from DeHuxion of Pe or from any over-ftraining of the Nerves or Joints, by ftrengthening.the fame.
CHAP. CCXXIX.
Of DRAGO N Greater and Leffler,
in the Shops, Serpentaria major, of fome, Bi/caria and Colubrina, The great Dragon, or Dragon-wort. 2. Agaxbyney uinesy, Seoxorria ued? in Latin, Dra- cunculus, Dracuncilus minor, Dracunculus Polyphyl- los Cordi : in Englifh, Small Dragon, or Dragon- wort. -To thefe we may add, 3. Acgxsinv usizor: in Latin, Dracontium magnum, vel majus, The great or greater Dragon; this is,the Drecontiuvm major Marthiol, which feems not.to mé-to, be of the Siock
SS 9 Ff
Decottion in Wine. 4. A\Pouder of Herb and Root. 5. A Balfam. 6. A Cataplafa,
The Virtues. |
XL The liquid Fuice.. Given to two or thr : fpoonfuls in a Glafs of Sherry, Madera, or othe
alfo againft Wind and) Pains in the: Stomach, and o-
fo
Ci Balad -4:
oat i
we
914 — — Salmon’s Herbal.
Lib, 1.
ot Dragons," but rather a very large kind of Biftort : of thefe three kinds we fhall treat in this Chapter. 4: Begxovne tude > in Latin, Draconttum aquati- cum, vel Dracunculus aquaticus ; and in Englifh, Water Dragon, or Dragon-wort ; of which in the next Chapier.
Dragons
Greater.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The foft, or Greatet Dra- gon, has a thick tuberous Root, like to a Knob, ma- ny times of the Magnitude of a middle-fized Apple, white, covered with athin Peel, full of white little
former, with many Fibers at bottom thereof ; ' which rifes one large, high, eee Stalk, ry great Leaves thereon, folded and lapped one within another ; at the top of the Stalk comes
Fibres appendent thereto, continuing many Year's, ve-
2 white within, and like unto Arowroot, tafting om
ewhat fharp, like to it. From this Roorrites up a ftraight Stalk, a Cubic and half high or higher, which is thick, round, fmooth, whitiih and-bare or naked, but {potted very much with purplifh Spots and Strakes, or with Spots of divers colors, like thofe of the Adder and fome other Serpents. — This Stalk bears a few green Leaves, ftanding upon long Foot-ftalks, much divided on all hands ; they are great and wide, each Leaf confifting of feven or more joined together in order, every one of which is long and narrow, much like to the Leaves of Dock, fmooth and flippery.- Out of the top of the Stalk, in the middle thereof, comes forth a great long Husk or. Hofe, (if the Root is old enough) greater than that of the Cuckow-pint or Aron, ot a greenifh color on the outfide, and of a crimfon or dark purplith color on the infide ; with a long flen- der Peftel or Clapper in the middle*thereof, which is blackifh and pointed like a Horn, the Skin or Film whereof, when the Seed grows big, being {tretched or broken afunder, there appears the Fruit, like to a Bunch or Clufter of Grapes ;_ the Berries whereof at firft are green, afterwards red and full of Juice, in which is contained Seed, which is fome-
a hard.
IV. The fecond, or Small Dragon, has a Root not unlike to Aron-root, baving the Form of a Bulb, full. of Fibres or Strings, with divers rude Shapes of new Plants, by which it greatly encreafes. -The whole Plant is much like to Aron in its Leaves, Hoft or Husk, Peftel and Berries, (and feems to me to be the leffer. fort of Aron; ) the Leaves are {potted ei- ther with white or brownifh Spots, and perifh not prefently, but endure together with the Berries, e- ven till Winter ; and the Berries are not of a deep red, but ofa color enqlining to Saffron.
V. The third ; .or Great Dragon of Matthiolus,
has a round bulbous Root, larger fometbing than the
with ve-
— o- es al ee
SO Fee
Root prepared by boiling, (at_/e#. 11. above) by
Chap. 230. Englifh Herbs: 215 a {pike of Flowers, not much unlike to thofe of | to Cankers, and fuch like fretting, eating and con- Biffort, with like {mall Seed. Some Authors will | fuming Ulcers.
not have this to be a Dracontium or Dragon-wort,| XVIAIL. The Spirituous Tintture of the Root. Gi- but rather a very large fort of Biffort. Dodomeus|ven to one dram or two in any proper Vehicle ays, ----- qui, fi in rerum natura eft, Bifforte Spe- | Morning and Evening, (after the Ute of Univer- cles videtur. fals ) it opens Obftructions of the Womb, and pro- vokes the Courfes.. It eafes Pains of the Stomach and Bowels proceeding from Wind, or fiom cold, flimy and tartarous Humors, prevails againft the Cholick, and warms and comforts all the inward Parts; and is an excellent thing againit Poyfon, Plague, fpotted Fever, or any other malign Di-
3 ; X. The Acid Tinflure. \t is a famous Stoma- tick, takes away NaufeoufinefS and Vomiting, warms and comforts a cold Stomach, caufes a good Ap- perks andDigeftion ; and ftrikes at the Root of all oyfons Vegetable or Animal, efpecially it refifts the Biting of Vi and the Malignity of Mad Dogs. It is alfo a fingular thing againft malign Fevers, {potted Fever, and the Plague or Peftilence, by overturning the very Fountains of the infe€tious Le Dofe from thirty, forty to fixty or cighty c
Vi. The Places. Dragons greater and leffer de- light to grow in fhadowy places ; and with us they grow in Gardens.
VII. The Times. They flower in uly, and the ¥ruit-or Berries are ripe in Auguft and September.
VIII. The Quahties. Dragons or the Dragon- worts are hot and dry in the third Degree ; Aperi- tive, Attra&tive, Suppurative, Stomiatick, Peétoral, Hyfterick and Alexipharmick.
IX. The Specification.. Dragon-wort is an Anti- dote againft Poyfon, Plague and Bitings of Veno- mous Creatures.
_ X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. The prepared Root 2. A liquid Fuice of Leaves or Roots. 3. An Effence of the fame. 4. A Pouder of the Root. 5. A Loboc of the Root. 6. A Cata- plafm of the frefh and green Leaves. 7. The Fruit or Berries. 8. A Spirituous Tintture of the Root. 9. An Acid Tindture of the fame. 10. An Oily Tin- ure. 1%. A Saline Tindure. 12. A diftilledWa- ter of Leaves, Root and Fruit.
The Virtues.
drops in the diftilled Water, or any other ff Vehicle, viz. fo much as may make it pleafantly a- cid, according to the quantity given at a time.
XX. Oily Tinfure. It, is good againft Cramps, Convulfions, NumbnefS, Palfies, rheuma- { tick. Pains and Aches proceeding from Cold and Moifture, or in a cold and moilt Habit of Body : it is to be anointed upon the Parts affetted Morning and Evening, and to be well rubbed in.
XXI. The Saline Tinéure. It is good againft BlacknefS, GreennefS and YellownefS of the mer Jand to take away Tanning, Sun-burning, , ' Morphew, Leprofy, ScabbinefS, Freckles, Lentils; and other the like Deformities of the Cuticu/a or Scarfft-Skin. f ;
XXII. The diftilled Water. It is ufed as a Vebi- culum, to convey many of the aforegoing Preparati- ons in: it is alfo a Cofimetick, fit for the beautify- ing the Skin, or to mix other Cofineticks with for that Purpofé. It prevails alfo againft the Peftilence, or any malign and peftilential Fever ; as alfo the Poyfon of Serpents or mad Dogs, being drunk warm, with a dram or two of Mutbridare or other like Antidote mixed with it.
XI. The prepared Root. It is prepared by boilin it till it is foft, and all the Acrimony paf'd off. ie then nourifhes and is good, for Food, it is alfo good to expel thick and clammy Humors ftom the Breft and Lungs: they alfo reftore in Confumptions.
XI. Lhe liquid Fuice of Leaves or Root. It is’ faid to remove the Pin and Web, as alfo Spots and | Pearls in the Eyes, being put into Co//priums or Me- dicines which are made for the Eyes. Diofcorides fays, that the Juice being dropped into the Eyes, cleanfés them, and helps Dimnefs of Sight. The fame mixed with Oil Olive and dropped into the Ears, eafes their Pain.
XIII. The Effence of the fame. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice ; befides which, being taken inwardly (Univerfals being premifed ) to one {poonful at a time in the diftilled Water, or in
hite Wine, and repeated as oft as need requires, it powerfully provokes the Terms in Women.
IV. The Pouder of the Root. If it is made into an Eleftuary with Honey, it is good for fuch as are troubled with vehement Coughs and Catarrhs, Con- vulfions, Cramps, ce. for it incides, abfterges and confumes grofs, tough’and tartarous Humors, and cleanfes all the inward Parts. Dofe of the Pouder from half a dram to a dram. Outwardly applied, it cleanfés all fretting and malign Ulcers, which are difficulrto be healed: it alfo removes all Scorbutick Breakings out in any part of the Body.
XV. The Loboc 43 the Root. It is made of the
CHA P. CCXXX. -
of DRAGON, O R, DRAGON-WORT Water.
I. HE Names. It is called is Greek, Aeoxtte nov Udurihs, % ide: in Latin, Dracontium
aquaticum, Dracunculus aquaticus, Aronia aquatica, Dracunculus palufinis five aquatilis: in Englifh, Wa- ter Dragon, and Water Dragon-wort, Marfh Dragons wort.
Il. The Kinds. It is the laft Species of Dragons wort mentioned in Chap. 229. Sef. 2.
a it in a Mortar with twice its weight of Ho- ney. It is an excellent thing againft Coughs, Salt Catarths and DeHuxions of thin Kheum.
XVI. The Cataplafm of the frefh and green Leaves. Being applied, it is good for Ulcers and green Wounds, and heals them after an admirable manner. Being dry, they are more fharp or biting, and not fo fit for Vulneraries.
XVI. The Fruit or Berries. They are of greater Power than either Leaves or Root, and therefore are faid to cure virulent and malign running Sores ,
Ill. The Defeription. Is has a Root which is not round like a Bulb, but very long, crecping, jointed, and of a moderate bignefs , out of the Foints whereof
and to eat away that cancerous Excretion in the No- | arife the Stalks of the Leaves, which are round, firils called Po/ypus: they ate alfo good to be laid | /mecth, and Spungy within, certain white and flene $2 der
Sa"
216 Salmon’s, Herbal. — -- Libul.
IV. The Places. Water Dragon or Dragon-twort grows in marth and watry places, and for the moft part in fenny and ftanding Waters in many parts of this Kingdom, ;
V. The Times. It flowers in Fu/y, and the Fruit is tipe in Auguft or September. '
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with the firft and fecond kinds in the former Chapter, fo that no more need be faid thereof'in this place. a
it is white.
‘(CoH AP. COxsaL
Water Dragon-wort. | of DROP WORT Common.
{LPS HE Names. It is called in Latin, oe , dula, (quod numerofi illi in Radice bilbulli, uafi ex filo pendere videantur : ) a\fo Saxifraga ru- bra, (Red Break-ftone:) in Englifh, Dropwort. | Il. The Kinds. tis threefold, viz. 1. aiarmitdivaa, Nicholai Myrepft, Filipendula vulgaris, Filipendula 5 iy hob The common great Dropwort. 2. Filipendula altera major, Another great Filipendula or Dropwort. 3. Filipendula minor, Small Dro wort. Some will have this Common Dropwort to 'Otvdvba, Oenanthe Diofcoridis, in lib. 3. cap. 132. but it is a Miftake. “a
WaterDra
nS, aN \\
NV ‘ — ‘ = ;; ¥ “2 es ‘ .
Ili. The Defcriptions. The firf?, on Great com- mon Dropwort, bas a Root which confifis of many Small, black, tuberous Pieces or Drops, fafined toge- ther by many Jmall, long, blackifh Strings, which run from one to another. rome this Root shoot forth
everal long winged Leaves, viz. many fmall Leaves, fome bigger and fome leffer, fet on each fide ofa middle Rib, and cach of them dented about the edges,
|
almoft like a Saw, fomewhat refembling Burnet or Wild Tanfie, or rather Agrimony, or between them all, but harder in bandling > among which Leaves rifes up one Stalk, and fometimes more, two or three Jeet bigh, having fome fuch Leaves thereon .as grow below; and fometrmes alfo drvided into orber Branch- es, Jpreading at the top into many white, fweet- Jmelling Flowers, compofed of five Leaves apiece, with Fags Threads in the middle of them, ftanding together in a Tuft or Umble, each upon a {mall Foot- | fialk , which after they bave continued for a good | while open or blown, ie fall away, \and in their 4 places mall chaffy Heads appear, like Buttons, in 4 which is contained a kind of chaffy Seed. , . al af odes or Other great kind, bar a Root confifting of very many fmall Frerotte Somewhat longer, and whiter than the former, enclining to red- nefs, twohich are es together by many long Fibres or Strings, as the other are. The Stalks and Leaves \ are fo like the former, that this Plant'can fearcely ' be difcerned from that: the Flowers at tops’of the Stalks are of a white color, enclining to a purple, and made of five Leaves apiece, like the other; af- ter which.come the Heads, which when fully ripe, contain within them round and blackifh Seed.
V. The third, or Small Filipendula or Dropwort, has a Root manifoldly {pread out into feveral glan- dulous or tuberous Knobs, like the firft, but fmaller and redder, and tyed together by Strings, like them. ‘From this Root f two, three or four fuch like Leaves as in the ft He but much fmaller, and more nearly refembling Wild Tanfie Leaves, but not white, as they are, but of the fame dark green color with the former. From among, thefe Leaves arifes up a Stalk, not above an hand breadth high, which is fometimes without Divifion, and fometimes fpread out into two or three feveral Branches, on which {tand many fmaller white Flowers, and {weeter than in the former, but with Threads therein, like them,
_ which being pafs’d away, then come the Heads of
emma yn fet together, and formed almoft like unto afimall Bunch of Grapes,
ae :
Chap. 231. Exglhjb Herbs:
| VE. The Places. The firft grows plencifully-upon
and fet together in an Umble in the fame manner : | tio
317
ftony Rocks or Mountains, and rough places, as al-
fo in fertile Paftures : it is found upon St. Vinceat’s
Rock by Brifto/; and in great plenty in a Field ad- joining to Sioz-boufe, fome time a Nunnery, near London, on the fide of a Meadow called Sion-Mea- dow ; as alfo in the corners of dry Fields and Clofes, by their Hedge-fides. The fecond grows_on the tops of rocky, ftoney or mountainous places. The alfo on {toney and rough Grounds, Pings bout Mompelier in France ; and in many the like places in Haghind. pag te MIL. The Fimes. ‘They all flower in May, June and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe in Axguft.
VILL. The Qualities. -Dropwort is hot and dry in the third ee; Aperitive, Incifive, Carminative, Diuretick , Stomatick, PeCtoral, Nephyitick, Hyfte- rick, Emmenagogick and Alexipharmick.
IX. The Specification. It is famous againft the Tr ‘Stone “and Gravel in Reins and Blad- XK. The Preparations.. You may have therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice of the Roots or Leaves. 2. An Effence of the fame. 3...A Decoltion of the fame in Wine. 4. A Ponder of the Roots, Leaves or Seed. 5: A Balfam of the Root. 6. A diftilled Water. 7. A Spirituous Tindure of the Root. 8. An Acid Tintlure of the fame. 9. An Oily Tinfure ree 10. A Saliné'Vinfure. 11. The Spirit. 12. The fixed Saft : where note, that you may ufe Roots or Leaves ; but the Roots are much more effectual.
_ The Virtues.
XI. The siguid Fuice. Taken three or four fpoon- fuls at a time in a-GlafS of White Port Wine, is very effetual in ‘opening all the Urinary Paffages, to help the Strangury, and to expel Sand, Gravel, fmall Stones, and other tartarous Matter in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder. Authors fay it is very help- ful in breaking the Stone; and this the Juice will do, whether taken from Roots or Leaves ; but that from the Roots is moft effe€tual, as aforefaid.
XII. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice; befides which, it is very effe&tual to force away the Birth, asalfo to expel the Secundine or After-birth, and prevails againft the Yellow Jaundice, Epilepfy, as alfo Obftru€tions of rhe Bret and Lungs, it expels Wind and helps difficulty of Breathing. Dofe two or three fpoontuls in a GlafS of generous Wine, Morning and Night.
Il. The Decottion in Wine. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo power- ful : it may be fweetned with Honey, and given Morning and Night, or upon an Exigency from four to fix ounces : it very much comforts and ftrength- ens the Stomach.
XIV. The Pouder of the Root. Taken from one to two drams in White Port Wine, it provokes U- rine powerfully, opens Obftru€tions of the Reins and Bladder, and is faid to diffolve or break the Stone, and expel it ; but this muit be underftood, where the Stone is compacted of a Subftance friable or brittle and gritty, and not grown to any great Magnitude. It it is made into an EleCtuary with Honey, it is an excellent thing for the Wind and Gout in the Stomach, as alfo to open Obftructions of the Breft and Lungs , a, Coughs and Colds, HoarfnefS, Wheezing, lofs of Voice and fhortnefs of Breath, caufing an Expettoration of the cold, rough and vifcous Flegm from all the Parts of Kefpira-
n. XV. The Balfam of the Root. It is good to di- geft, cleanfe, dry and heal old Sores, and fuch as
| proceed from the Kings-evil, and moift and running
.C2ls,
219 Salmon’s
Ulcers. Applied to Parts afflifted with the Gout, it quickly eafes the Pain, and in fome meafure at- tracts forth the fharp Humors and morbid Matter thro’ the Pores of the Skin.
XVI. The difiilled Water. It is a good Vehicle to convey any of the other Preparations in : it is SAMESc, opening the Obftructions of the Urinary
arts,
XVIL. The Spirituows Tinfure of the Root. Itis Alexipharmick, good againft Porton, Plague and all forts of peftilential and malign Difeafes ; ic warms and comtorts the Bowels, reftores the Tone of the inward Parts; and is fingularly good againft Fluxes of the’ Bowels of all forts, and forces away the pith of a Woman in avi Res ey two drams to four in any proper or {peci icle. It pow- erfully fhe find, corretts fharp and sxrid Ha: mors in the Stomach and Guts, and gives prefent eafe in the Cholik. —
_ XVII. The Acid Tinfture. It is a high Stoma- tick, warms, comforts and ens it, caufes Appetite and a good Digeftion; diffolves crude and tartarous Humors, and makes them fit for Expulfi- on; cleanfes the Urinary Parts, and promotes the breaking or diffolving the Stone in the Reins or Bladder. It ftrikes at the Root of thofe Humors which are the Caufe of the King’s-evil, and of Tu- mors or Swellings in the Throat or other. glandu- lous Parts, cutting and diffolving them, preventi their Encreafé or Generation, and making tho e which are prefent to be fit for Excretion. fe fo many drops as to make the Vehicle pleafantly
fha
xix, The ey Tintlure. It is ford againft Cramps, Convulfions, NumbnefS, Palfy, €'c. being bathed well in twice a day upon the Parts affetted. Given inwardly to twenty or thirty drops in the di- ftilled Water aforefaid, cr in fome other appropri- ate Vehicle, it is an admirable thing againft Ai man- ner of Obftructions of the Reins, Ureters and Blad- der, expels ftoney and tartarous Concretions, and aries iA the gar Caufe es the yp aun-
ice by Urine. It alfo prevai a ies, Vertigo, Apoplexy, Convulfions, ep, Paraly fis, and all other cold and moift Difeafes of the Head, Brain and Nerves; and provokes the Terms in Women.
XX. The Saline Tintture. It is dedicated to Di- feafes of the Reins, Bladder and Ureters, prevails againft the Strangury, and diffolves the Matter breeding the Stone. Outwardly, it is good againft Scurff, Morphew, Scabs, Itch, Tettars, Ringworms, and other Defcedations of the Cuticula, being bath- ed therewith twice a dry.
XXL. The Spirit. Itisa fingular Cordial, chears the Heart, revives the Spirits, ftrengthens the Sto-
Herbal. -- Lib.
CH AP. CCXXXIL Of DROP W ORT Narrow-leav’d.
Be & HE Names. Authorsafcribe the Greek Name Owdvdn to this Plant, tho’ it is nor the true Oenanthe Diofcoridis : and therefore it is called in
Latin, Oenanthe recepta berbariorum, ox Filipendu-
la anguftifolia: in Englifh, Narrow-leav’d Drop- wort.
Il. The Kinds. _ It is the fecond general Species of Dropworts, and is threefold, viz. 1. Oenanthe Apii Solis major, Filipendula folio Apii major, The common or ordinary great Parfly-leav’d Dropwort. 2. Oenanthe vel Filipendula Apii foliis minor, dua rum Sppeigrae, Two fimaller forts of Parfly or Smal- lage leav’d Dropworts. 3. Oenanthe anguftifolia Lobelii, Lobel’s Narrow-leav’d Dropwort.
= SZ.
Droprvort narrorwbkaved
IIL The Defcriptions. The fir/?, or Great Parfly-
mach, and fortifies the whole univerfal Frame. It | leav’d Dropwort, bas for Roots many round, white, is good againft fainting and {wooning Fits,SicknefS at | and fontewhat long Afphodil like Clogs, joined toge-
Heart, Wind, and the Cholick Tortions of the Bow- els, occafioned thro’ either Flatulency or fharp and
ther at the tops, making one Head of a Root, and ending in fmall Fibres : from this Root rife many
acrid Humors. Dofe from two drams to four, ei- | green winged Leaves, made of many parts, cut into
ther alone or mixt with a little GlafS of Canary, as oft as occafion requires.
XXIL The fixed Sa/t. It is a ftrong Diuretick, opens all the Urinary Paffages, and meee large quantities of watry Humors in the Dropfy by Urine, and the morbifick Caufe of all Fevers. Dofe from twelve grains toa {cruple or half a dram, in the di- {tilled Water above-mentioned, or in White Wine.
the Form almoft of Parlly or Smallage Leaves, but niuch fmaller, even as {mall as Garden Crefg Leaves: and from among them {pring forth two or three {tiff, round Stalks, a foot and half high, and fome- times two feet high, befet with fuch like Leaves as grow below, but as they grow higher on the Stalk, grow much fmaller, lefler and narrower, to the pet- te&t loofing of the Form of thofe below. At the tops of the Stalks grow Umbles of white Flowers, which being pafs’d away, there follows Fennel like Seed, but {maller, and of a dark whitifh color.
IV. The are. or Small Smallage-leav’d Drop- wort, which is twofold. The Roots of thefe two kinds
are much alike, but only differing in Greatnefs, each
: y
-
SS
and Virtues, are the fame with the Common Drop- ‘wort in Chap, 231. fo that no more need be faid of | Thames-fide; as alittle above the Hor/e-Ferry againit
Chap.232. Laglfh Herbs: 1g
of them confifting of feveral {mall Tubers, with many Strings among yea Tek Leaves até winged, and like intheir Divifion$ to the former, but both {mal- ler by much, and more green, the one of thefe being alfo fmaller than the other ; and the leffer of them a little finer jagged, which evidently fhews the Dif: ference as well as the Seed : the Flowers in both are white, but differing in GreatnefS. Thé Seed of : : ; ; the greater of thefé is fmaller by half than the Seed [. HE Names. It is called in Latin, Ocenanthe of the former Great kind; and the Seed of the lef- . Cicute facie , alfo Filipendwla Cicute facie : fer is yet fmaller and rounder, and forething like |and in Englifh, Hemlock-leav'd Dropwort, Lobel’s unto Di// Seed. Hemlock like Dropwort. II, The Kinds. Itis fingularis fui generis, there being neither a greater nor leffer fort of it.
t Fate Hemiochijfe ‘Dropwort WAAAY Z
SAR “oe
UNG = S AVG? \ pp SZ RS
CHA P. CCXXXIIL .
Of DROP WORT Hentlock like.
TTI LLL
> Gh NOI D ¥/} Y lia, \is Vag)
LS Zwoé.
Il. The Defcription. ‘This Plant has 4 Root which is white and glandulous, or repléat with many long and sou) Glandules, Afphodil Like, which are oft and tender, but sharp and unpleafant in Lafte. yielding a white Milk at the firft, and turning yellow afterwards, which is faid to be poyfonous, virulent and exulcerating. From this Head or Root {pring forth feveral winged Leaves, ftanding upon a long 4 Foot-ftalk, more like Mecdow Rue than mallage or \ Hemlock, having many finall ones fet together. of
VI. The Places. They grow in many places of ja dull, dark green, and fomewhat like Hemlock in England, but for the moft part near Ditch-fides, and color, as alfo in the Flowets ; but more in its Ef. Brooks or Rivers fides, and upon the Borders of | feéts. - Ne Ground _ near ftanding Waters.
VII. The Times. They flower from May to the end of Fune, and the Seed is ripe not long after.
VIL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
V. The third, or Lobel’s Nartow-leav’d Drop- wort, has a Root ig hae of many white, long, tu- berous parts, fending forth many Strings from their lower parts, and on their. tops all uniting in one Head of a Root. From this Head or Root arifés a {trong crefted Stalk, two feet high, dividing it felf towards the top into feveral Arms or Branches. From the hollow Place or Bofom of every Joint, out of which do grow thofe Branches; the Leaves do alfo proceed, very much cut or jagged, like Fez- mel. At the tops of thefe- Branches come forth fpoky Rundles or Umbles of white Flowers, fafhi- oned like Stars.
IV. The Places.-“It grows many times in moift Plowed Land,.asin the moift and wet Furrows of a Field belonging to Batterfea near London : it grows alfo. in great ‘abundance in many places by the
them here. Lambeth, Bere SI V. The Times. It flowers in May and Fume, and fone art of Fuly, and the Seed is ripe in Fu/y and uguft. B te : VI. The Qualities, Jt is hot and dry in the
ol pa fourth
220 - Salmon’s
tourth Degree ; Pyrotick, Exulcerating, Arthritick, and Sjan7nex, Venefick or Poyfoning.
Vil. Lhe Specification. It troubles and overturns the Brain and Senfes, caufing Madnefs, and if taken in any confiderable quantity, Death.
Vill. The Preparations. You may make there- from, 1. A Cataplafm. 2. An Ointment.
The Virtues.
IX. The Cataplafm. It exulcerates, or is blifter- ing, and is of good Ufe to be applied ina Sciatica, or-Gout in Hands or Feet: it alfo draws forth the Poyfon if it is immediately ote to the Biting of a mad Dog, or the Biting of a Viper or Rattle- Snake, or other venomous tures. x
X. The Ointment. It is good to anoint with in all forts of ferophulous or fttumous Tumors, and to be applied in Kings-evil Sores, where it is not ufed without a'fingular Advantage. ~
CHAP. CCXXXIV. of DROP WORT Water.
IQ HE Names. It is called in Greek, (accord-
ing to our Moderns) *Owdrdn vderdd'us, x Su-
dea: in Latin, Oenanthe aquatica, and Filipendula aquatica: in Enghjh, Water Dropwort.
Il. The Kinds. It is the fourth grand Species of
the Dropworts ; and is twofold, viz. 1. Oenanthe,
_ vel Filipendula aquatica major, The greater Water
Dropwort. 2. Oenanthe, vel Filipendula aquatica
minor, The lelfer Water Dropwort.
AE ZA Aa Ai Za Z\)
=~
| i RN |
‘JIL. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greve Way
ret Dropwort, -bas. a Root ‘like to:thevoiker Drop
| fpotted Water Lentils. | quatica bifolia Neapolitana, Neapolitan' Water Ler-
Herbal. Lib. I
worts, replenifhed with 9: Small, white Tubers or Knobs growing among the Strings, joining together above, and making one Head of a Root. ¥rom this rife feveral large fpread Leaves next the Ground, and lying thereon, being winged and cut into many {mall Divifions, fomewhat refembling Parfly, but much fimaller, and divided into fimaller parts than any-of the former kinds. From among thefe Leaves rife up crefted, thick, hollow Stalks, with Leaves on them, cut into longer and finer Divifions, *bear- ing at the top Umbles of white Flowers, which turn into fall, flat, greyifh Seed, fomewhat leffer | Fennel Seed, and not much unlike Hemlock
IV. The fecond, or Leffler Water Dropwort, bas a Root made up with feveral mall Tubers or Knobs, and faftned among the Fibres, which are as fmall as Hairs. From the Head of which Roots {pring u many fimall ‘Leaves, lying cont Ground, which are very finely cut in: after them fprings up the Stalk, which carrying up the firft fprung up Leaves with it, they ftarcely feem to be Leaves, but rather like the Ribs of Leaves, of a dark and fhining g color, «as the Stalk alfo is, which very nearly re- fembles a 5 and below the top thereof, which is pointed like a Ru/h, comes forth a fall Umble of fmall whitifh fweet Flowers, which turn after- wards intoas fimall Seed as Smallage, but blacker
V. Fhe'Places. They both grow in wet Grounds and near Brook-fides in many places in England, yet will ‘they ‘both flourifh being-nurs’d up in our Gardens, but’grow not there all out fo large and fair, as in their an oe and as it the fides .6f ‘Rivets ‘and 'Water-{treams, {fo it has been found near the River of Thames, as, near St. Georgé’sfields, ‘and about the Bifhop of London’s
Houfe at Fu/bam, and in fuch other like places.
VI. The Times. The fecond or Leffer, flowers earlier than the Greater ; and.commonly the flower- ing time of the Lefer is pafttbefore the other comes, which is not until Awgu/t.
VIL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with:thofe of-the Common Dropwort in-Chap.231. aforegoing, ‘fo that no'more need be faid of them here. :
CHAP. CCXXXV. of DUCKS--MEAT.
LV HE ae It hs oo in Arabick, Taleb,
feu Labaled: inGreek, eands 6 BYR qeaudror: in Latte Lens paluftris, Lens aquatica, Lenticula paluftris, vel aquatica: in Engljh, Ducks-meats and by fome, Water Lentils.
IL. The Kinds. Authors make four-kinds hereof, as, 1. Lens, paluftris vel aquatica vulgaris, Com- mon or vulgar Ducks-meat. 52. Lems palufirisqua- drifolia, Crofs-leav’d Water Lentils or Ducks-meat. 3. Lens paluftris latifolia puntata, Broad-leavd 4. Lens vel Lenticule a
tils. Of all thefe, ’tis only the frlt whichygrowsin England, which we fhalk treat of in this place: the reft being Strangers, we fhall have nothingiatthis time to fay concerning them. re,
Ill. The Defcription. This /mall Plant ba a Root only certain fmall fine kibres ‘or Thr
ss aes se PSR AA Pa Ae P21 pe]
emnatiieaialteh diated
Chap. 536. Ezgh/b Herbs. pa ; 51
ought to be premifed, and to be ufed at the fame time. Dyofcorides fays it isa Remedy againft Sc. Anthony’s-tire, all manner of Inflammations, and the burning Fits of Agues. Ducks greedily devour it alfo Hens, if mingled with Bran and giver them.
IX. The Ointment.’ It is a fine cooling thing, good againft Phlegmons and hot Pains of the Joints, and the Hemorrhoids or Piles, whether broken or not broken, if anointed thereon.
X. The Cataplafm. If it is made of the Herb beaten up with Bar/y-flower, it prevails againft the Gout, and confolidates Ruptures in young Children ; and is Puritaale inft the Swelling ot the Cods, and of Womens Breafts before they be grown too much, becaufe it does not weakly repel the Humors. If it is made with: Wheat Flower or Meal, it pre- vails much againft hot Tumors,.as Phlegmons and the like, as alfo Pains of the Joints proceeding from Heat ; and helps the falling down of the Funda- ment in young Children. ;
XI. The diftilled Water. It is good Sait an hese and Matthiolus eftcems it highly for re- fifting all inward Heats and Inflammations, as alfo peftilential Fevers, to help the Rednef& of the Eyes and the Swellings of the Tefticles, by repelling of the Humor, Cloths four times doubled being wet therein and applied: and fo applied, ic cools an E- tyfipelas or St. Anthony’s-fire.
which grow only from the middle of each Leaf on the underfide, and pals down into the Water, but reach not to the bottom, to draw Nourifhment from the Larth : befides thus Root, the whole Plant confifts of nothing but fmall, round, green Leaves, lying on the Surface or Lop of ftanding Waters, in Pools, Ditches and Ponds, without either Flower or Seed that could be ever obferved.
Li
BA WAN Vier, WW NAGA
VANN\\\\ If
i WA / iI asst Usa. al :
a S QUSSCEZS
oe =i ee
CHAP. CCXXXVI.
a
of DYERS-WEED, Called, WOLD o& WELD.
IV. Nota.. Matthiolus, and. from him Lugdu- nenfis, makes a ftrange Relation concerning this} F*HE Names. It is a Plant which was un- Plant, fcarcely to be believed ; and it is this: That known to the Greeks : the Latins call ic if it fhould happen (as fometimes it may) by In-| Lwteo/a and Herba Lutea, it is the Lutea Phin undations, or any other Accident, that thefe fmall | 5. 33. cap. 5. Vitruvins lib. 7. cap. 14. calls it Lu- Lentils or Ducks-meat be carried away into running | tevm ; and Virgil Bucol. Eclog. 4. calls it Lutum : in Waters, as Rivers, Brooks, fimall Streams, &c. as| Englifh, Dyers-meed, alfo Wold or Weld. foon as they ftick to or touch the Shoar, they are} IJ. The Kinds. It feems to me to be an Herb of wonderfully encreafed ; for by their Roots, which] its own kind, but Bawbine referts it to the Gezifta ee from them like Threads, they penetrate and | Tindforum, or Green-weed, of which we fhall, God
{ten themfelves into the Ground, and then grow-| willing, treat in the next Chapter, but to that we think it has no Relation. Some thought it to be the
Refeda of Pliny, becaufe they agree well in divers parts. Cefalpinus lib. 9. cap.35. makes it the My- | agrum, vel Melampyrum Diofcoridis : but all thefe things are tobe difputed. It took its Name of Lu- tea and Luteo/a, not only from the yellow color of the Herb and its Flowers, when it is dry, but chief ly from the yellow color which it Dyes things into. Tragus took it to be Antirrbinum, becaufe the Seed- Veffels have (as it were) holes therein. Some will have it to be Phyteuma Diofcoridis ; others Stra- thium Diofcoridis, as Lacuna and Gefner. Maotihi- olus calls it Pfeudofiruthium. Dodoneus, Herbs Lu- tea. Lobel, Luteola. Lonicerus and Tabernmonta. nus, Catenance : but all thefe things it is impofiible to be; I am induced therefore to hold to my own Opinion before declared.
IIL. It is twofold, vz. 1. Lutea vel Luteola virl- garis, Common Wold, Weld or Dyers-weed. In
it eafes the Head-ach coming of Heat. Applied in} Candia there grows a fimall fort of Luseo/a , which Extremity of the Pains of the Gout, it alleviates} fome Authors would make to be a different kind them ; but fometimes endangers the fending of the} trom that juft now named, which Henorsus Bellas
or up into the Stomach ; therefore Univerfals] Epi/t. 2. 4 sp will have to be Sérusinam ve- B.cyy ; t Tum
ing, come to be Plants, like unto Si/jmbrium, Wa- ter Mint, or Ladies Smocks , and that this thing has been obferved by the diligent Searchers of Nature, and not without much Admiration of the Matter of Fatt. Vix credo, indeed I know nothing of it.
V. The Qualities. According to Galen, Ducks- meat is cold and moift in the fecond Degree, Ano- dyne, Repercuffive, Arthritick and Alexipharmick : but this laft it is by Accident.
VI. The Specification. It refiftsand cools Inflam- mations after a peculiar manner.
VII. The Preparations. You have, 1. The green Herb. 2. An Ointment. 3. A Cataplafm. 4. A diftilled Water.
The Virtues.
VIII. The green Herb. Applied to the Forehead,
~ es a es A
i
22> 322
“um Diofcoridis, and fays it is called Cumene thro’ all Greece : but this we think to be one and the fame Plant with the aforegoing, viz. Our Luteola vulgaris ; and of this Opinion is Camerarius in Hor- zo, who makes it and Our common fort all one. 2. Lutea Cretica maxima, which is fecunde €& wae cunda, or fertilis & flerilis, The great Wold, Wel or Dyers-weed of bearing Seed, and barren bearing no Seed ; and dif _ fer one from another only as our Hemp, which is, ~ beating Secd, and batren beating no Seed,
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Our codm- mon Wold, Weld or Dyers-weed, bas a Root which is long, thick and white, abiding all the Winter. The Plant grows bufhing our, with many long and warrow flat Leaves upon the Ground, of a dark, blewifh green color, fomewhat like unto Wood, but nothing jo large, a ttle crumpled as it were, and fomewhat round-pointed, which do fo abide the firft
Year. And the next Spring rife up from among them feveral round Stalks, two or three foot high, befer with many fuch like Leaves, but fmaller and {hooting forth fome {mall Branches, which with the Stalks bear very many fmall Be Flowers, in a long fpiked Head at tops of them; after which come the Seed, which is finall and black, enclofed in Heads, which are divided at the top into four arts. : V.. The Great Candia Dyers-weed bas a Root which is very great and woody, and fhoots it felf forth into many long Arms or Branches, which in the na- tive or nataral places of its Growth, and other warm Countries, will abide many Tears, but with us will fcarcely endure our cold Winters, (unlefs houfed) as has been feveral times proved. From this Root this great Plant rifes up (in Candy ) with feveral great Stalks, fome of them as big as a Man’s Arm, and in height-five, fix, feven or eight Cubits ; fome- times nine or ten Cubits high, which yet perifh in Winter: they are bare or naked of Leaves next the Ground for a foot and half high, the loweft Leaves being. without Foot-{talks, joining clofe at the bot- _tom: the other growing higher up towards the
Salmon’s Herbal.
dia, which is both fruitful or
‘teddifh Seed. The
1. Lhe green
ly Tintture.
Lib. I. ( tops, have all of them Foot-ftalks, ‘ota {pan long :. the Leaves of themfélves are very large, made ot. many fomewhat broad and long green thining ones; fet one againft another on a middle Rib, and nor yet always dire€tly oppofite one to another ; every one of them being fomething like unto the Leayes of Hemp, (of which it is moft likely to be a Spe- cies) ragged or dented about the edges, yet none of them divided, but the end Leaf, which is fometimes Re feldom into two, but fometimes into three ivifions, each ending in a long Point. The Stalks are branched, but has only divers fimall Stalks or long Spikes of Flowers thruft forth, which are yel- lowifh, green and mofly, bowing downwards, with long and narrow ‘Leaves among them, and
ftand in yellowifh green Husks ; in which, after the
Flowers are fallen, come Heads full of very finall barren Plant is like the former, fave that it bears no Seed.
VI. The Places. The firft grows every where by
| the Way-fides, as well in moift Grounds as in the
dry, and in corners of Fields and By-Lanes, in and a-
| bout Villages almoft every where : in fome places
in Kent they fow it in their Fields’ after their Bar- Jey, which abides until the next Year, and then it is gathered. The other is a Native of Candia, and is nurs’d up with us only inGardens.
VIl. The Times. The firft flowers in Fume and Fuly. The fecond Rowers late with us, and fome- times not at all. .
VIL The Qualities. It is hot and dry ‘in the third Degree, the Root, as alfo the whole Herb. It is Aperitive, Digeftive, Attenuating, Inciding and Refolutive ; Arthritick and Alexipharmick.
YX. The Specification. It is peculiar againft Punétures of the Nerves, Bitings oF Sexpelits mad
gs, and other poyfonous Creatures, outwardly applied, and inwardly taken ; and prevails againft the Infeftion of the Plague; for which Reafon, as Matthiolws fays, it is called Theriacaria.
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, erb bruifed. 2. Atiquid Fuice. An Effence. 4. A Decottionin Wine. ‘5. A Pounder of the Root. 6. A Balfam or Ointment. 7. A Spi- ritnous Tinure. 8. An Acid Tinilure. 9. AnOi- 10. A Spirit.
The Virtues.
XI. The green Herb bruifed. Applied to Cuts or fimple Wounds in Hands or Legs, it heals them. It is good to be applied alfo to the Bitings of Ser- pents, mad Dogs, or other venomous‘ Creaturés, ‘to draw out the Poyfon.
XII. The quid Fuice. \tprovokes the Terms in Women, opens Obftruftions, incides or cuts tough Humors, and refifts das as alfo the Malignity of the Plague, being taken from one to three {poon- fuls at a time in a Glafs of generous Wine, and te- peating the Dofe as Reafon requires.
XIII. The Effence. It has all the Vittues of the liquid Juice; befides which, it ftrengthens the Sto- mach admirably, expels Wind, and gives eafé in the Cholick ; it alfo facilitates the Labor of'a\ Woman in Travail. Dofe two or three fpoonfuls at atime in a GlafS of Canary, Madera or Sherry Wine, or in White Port.
XIV. The Decolfion inWine. It has all the Vir- tues of the Juice and Effence, but much lef§ effica- cious or powerful ; and therefore may be given Sxciona with white Sugar ) from three ounces to ix Ounces or more, Morning and Evening.- It isa good Gargle alfo for a fore Mouth and Throat.
XV. The Pouder of the Root. It is.good i oe
i
—
CSF E-AET RTe TI
a
— ~
_ _ ee OS
Chap. 237. Eaghfo Herbs. the Plagne Or Peltilence, the {ported Fever, and o- ther peftilential and nate Fevers; refifts both Ve- getableand Animal Poyfons, and is good againft SicknefS at Heart. ~“Dofe one dram in a Glafs of Wine, ‘Applied to Wounds, it heals them, and clearifés, inicarnates, ‘dries and induces the Healing “of moift rutining Sores, old Ulcers, and: the like, being ftrewed on them. XVI. The Balfam or Ointment. They are admi- rable Vulneraries. The Balfam cures fimple Wounds many times at one or two Dreflings. It cleanfes toul and filthy Ulcers, dries, incarnates and heals. And it is profitable to any Part affefted with the! mer giving eafe to all forts, of Pains from a cold duie. | XVII. The Spirituous Tindture. Ye refifts Poyfon, and particularly the Poyfon of mad Dogs, of Vipers, Rattle Snakes, and other. Venom’s of like kind. It removes SicknefS at‘ Heart, fainting and fwooning lib Fits, is good againft Cramps, Convulfions, Lethar- |“# . Bics, Apoplexies, Palfies, and fuch other like cold | “#4 .
CHA P. CCXXXVIL. Of DYERS GREEN-WEED.
TAS VSO SH SOS aes qh Gia) : ILA HE. Names: \ Ichas no known:Greek Name : oak it isicalled:in Latin, Gemifta Tindoria, and in Englifh, Dyers-weed, and Dyers Green-weed. Il. The Kiads..’ It is certainly of the Stock or Family of Genifta ot. Broom $ and isa fingular Plant of the kind: and by reafon it is our Common Green- weed, itis called Genifta Tintloria vulgaris. It-is alfo called Geniftella infettoria, Geniflella Tintto- ria, Elos Tinforiws Brunfelfizi 5 Fachfiti, Loniceri ; Corneole Anguillare:S Cafalpini Chameluce Cordi, o hens Tindoria Germanica Baubini : in -Eng- yers-weed, Green-weed, and Dyers Greeg-
eee of the _ = ba dgeat It is ae a- Weed ci
gainft Punftures of the Nerves,. and gives prefent MS AVC, YH
eafe to the Pain, the Part wounded being well bath- | — D YUNG Siro Ns ) aed
ed therewith, and Cloths wet therein being laid ze SI commo/t.
thereon. Dofe inwardly is from two .to three or kaw ar)
four drams ina Glafs of choice Wine.. ESS Oe Ww WV a \/// Y,
Ralf yp way rWZF ") We WE ES, Se
XVIII. The Acid Tindure., It refifts the Infefti- on of the Plague to a Miracle, as alfo of the fpot- ted Fever, and of all other malign and peftilential Fevers. It cuts tough Flegm in the Breft and Lungs, and is Bod againft HoarfenefS, Wheezings, fhort- nefs of Breath, and difficulty of Breathing, caufing an agers x oration tt opens icon in the Urinary Parts es, exp Sand, Gravel and tartarous Matter ere oe powerful- ly refifts the Poyfon of mad Boe Dofe fo much at a time as may make the Vehicle, whether Mead, Cyder or Wine, pleafantly acid.
XIX. The Orly Tintture. Outwardly aoe it is good to give eafé in the Pain and heal the Pun- éture of a Nerve or Tendon. It gives eafe alfo in the Gout in any Part, arifing from a cold Caufe. Inwardly taken alfo from ten to twenty or thirty drops (according to Age and Exigency ) in any pro- | per Vehicle, it expels Wind, prevails againff the | ° Cholick, and alleviates alk forts of i Convul- | fions ; is a good Hyfterick, and a fingular oy a- gainft the Strangury, or any Obftru€tion of the Uri- nary Parts.
XX. The Spirit: It is Eputely an Antipeftilential and Alexipharmick Cordial, wonderfully comfort- ing and warming the Stomach and all the other Vif- cera. It gives eafé in Convulfions, and the Torti- ons of the Bowels pices from Wind, Poyfon, or the Prevalency of acrid and fharp Humors. Dofe one or two {poonfiuls at a time, (being firlt dulcifi- ed) as need requires.
XXI. Az Obfervation. The great Ufe we in England make of this Plant, is to Dye Cloth, Lin- nen or Woollen, Yarn, Silk, woven or raw, &c. into a yellow color ; and alfo to give a green color to thofe Cloths or Silks, Yarn, &%¢. which have been firt Dyed with Woad, into a blew color. And of this Vitruvius feems not to be ignorant, for that in his time ‘he fays, in 4.7. cap.14. That a yellow color coming upon a b/ew, changes it into a green. And for Ens us ofe, there is a great deal of this Herb made ufe of in all Countries, and many Fields fown therewith, for this very Purpofé of Dying Cloths, Stuffs, Silks, &c.
=~
Il. The Deftription. It has a thick and woody Root, much difperfed under Ground :. from whence rife up many fmall, tough, green Stalks, fome of them having feveral Branches, about two feet in height or thereabouts ; upon which do grow ( withoxt aay ors der) a great many {mall, long Leaves, fomewhat like thofe of Flax, of a fad green color. “The Flowers grow at the tops of the Branches, not much unlike the Flowers of Broom, (of which this is a Species ) but fimaller, of an exceeding fair yellow color, but: fomewhat paler than thofe of Common Broom: the Flowers being pafs’d away, there come in thei¥ places fimall flat Pods or Cods, leffér than thofe of Broom, in which is contained a little; Hat, Broom
like Seed.
IV. The Places. It grows in many untilled or unmanured Grounds throughout Exgland ; as alfo by the Hedges and Way fides, and in many open
ommons. It grows alfo in fertile Paftures and Fields almoft every where. Now it is fown in Fields on purpofé for the Profit which is made thereof.
Tt2 V. The
V. The Times. It howers from the end of Fune | by which they not only propagate themfelves wher to the end of Augu/f, and the Seed is ripe foon after. | they grow AEB. ; ug Pog bas PPh wae > ved, they have fometimes been found growing where the Parings te are unequally round, blackifh and rough, whofe Skins Shells or Or ,
nifla Tinoria altera. It baw a thick and. woody |
VIL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of this oar Common Dyers Green-weed, are the fame with thofe of our Common Broom, which
“We have already at large declared in chap. 84. fel. 71 oe ne of this Book aforegoing, to which you are referred.
VIII. An Obfervation. "Tho® the Medical Virtues of this Plant are admirable, and not in the leaft in-
going.
Earth Laks Deers
IV. The Tubera Cervina, or Deers Earth-balls, which I Lippe Matthiolus intends in his Epiftles,
CHAP. CCXXXVIIL
_
of EARTH-~BALLS.
. lib. 3. Epift. ult. growing under Ground in the Woods of Bohemia, &c. are always unevenly round, and rugged ; their outward Skin is blackifh, and the in- ner Pulp or Subjtance whitifh: while they are frefh they have a flrong and evil Smell, which in drying, they loofe.
V. The Places. The firft kinds grow plentifully in Tufcany, and feveral other places of Italy: the alfo grow in Spain, Germany, France and England, not only in dry and fandy Grounds, but alfo infuch as are more moift, and in places where Shrubs grow, as in Copfes, Groves, Parks, woody Land, &c. The Deers Earth-balls grow alfo in Woods, and where y Decr do much haunt, efpecially where they Couple, 3° the former alfo do.) Hunts-men and Country . cople immagine, that thefe Decrs-bal/s grow up out of the Sperm of thofe Beafts, which fometimes falls on the Ground ; others think, that they are firft produced by their Urine ; but thefe are wild Conje€tures and Country-mens Philofophy, and fo not much to be trufted to; however, it is probable, that in fome places that Beaft’s Urine, &c. may add to their Growth, and the Encreafe of their Sub- nce, @ VI. The Times. They flourifh and encreafe in April, May and June, and are in Perfe&tion in June, Fuly and Auguft. : VIL The Qualities. Galen and Matthiolus fay they have no maniteft Quality inthem: Avicenfays they have a more earthy than watry Subftance, me fg abound more with faline than with fulphureous
1.’ HE Names. This kind of Plant is called in
Greck, tdy, © US vey ab imbribus 5 ve. > otd\vet, ab bumore: in Latin, Tuber Terre, pl. Tubera Ter- ré: in Arabick, Ramach, Alchamech, Tamer and Kema : in Enghjh, Earth-balls, and Under-ground Mafbromes.
II. The Kinds. Matthiolwe will have three forts of thefe Bal/s , but then with the Tubera Cervina, there will be four. We divide them into two kinds, wiz. 1. Tuber Terre vulgare, The common Earth-ball. 2. Tuber Cervinum, pl. Tubera Cervi- na, Deers Earth-balls. Of the Vulgar or Common Matthiolus makes three forts, viz. 1. One whofe Pulp is white. 2. One whofe att is more brown ; and the Rinds of both of them black and full of Chaps. 3. One which is lefS pleafant or infipid in Tafte, and whofe Rind is {mooth and more brown.
Ml. The Defcriptions. They, viz.’ the Common Farth-balls, have ao Roots, but grow under Ground, viz. wader the Superficies of the Earth, yet not clea- ving thereto, caufing it fometimes to fwell, and fome- times 10 break, gape or cleave, by which it is dif- cerned where they grow, being of a black or brown color on the outfide, and of a foft white Subftance wrthin, having, ar John Baptifta Porta /ays, under the outward: Skin certain {mall black Subftances , which are the Seed, (tho Pliny fays they bave none.) ‘Lhis Seed ws like unto the Seed of the Cyprefg-tree,
SO ow
Chap. 229. | Lnghfp Herbs. ; z 4 25
+or fpirituous Principles. The Deers Eartb-balls | caftanum majus, Agricafianum majus, Apios Turne- feem to be temperate in Quality, as to Heat or Cold, | 71, Pancafeolus Ca/alpini, (becaufe the Vulgar eat Moifture or DrynefS , and are Alexipharmick, Ga- | the Root of it initead of Bread and Cheefe) Bu/bo- leCtogenetick and Spermatogenetick. caftanon grandius Lugdunenfis, Nucula TVerreftris VUL The Specification. The Common, if much | major, The sey sarth-nut, or Ground-nut. I eaten, are faid to breed Wind, and to engender the | am almoft of Opinion, that this Plant or Species is Palfy and Apoplexy. The Deers ate faid to pro-| the true Oenanthe Diofcoridis. 2. <Agricaflanum, voke Luft to the laft Degree. : vel Bulbocaftanum minus, Bulbocaftanum mas [ral IX. The Preparations. The firftare ufed moftly | /iani, “Bulbocaftanum alterum foliis & bulbis minori« in, 1. dA Pickle. 2. A Decolfion in Wine.. The | bus Camerari, Ornithogali Species Loniceri, Nucu- Deers Earth-balls are ufed in, 3. A Powder. 4. A\/a Terreftris minor, The lefler Earth or Ground Decostion in Wine. 5° A Fumigation,» — . _PNUt NS
The Virtues. ©
X. The Pickle of the Common kind. - They are ufed as Sawce, and are very were to the’ Palate, but breed grofs and melancholy: Humors more than } . any other Food , they are hard of Digeftion, and in fome People rife again in the Stomach. Some eat men anes the Embers F Noe seme si in
roth, and fo eat them with Pe » Vin and Oil; they certainly amenie Link . me
XI. The Decottion in Wine. It provokes Luft, | as the Sallet before does: but after the Decoétion is made, you may drefS the Subftauce with Pepper, | Salt, Vinegar and Oil, to be.eaten as before. Pam- phylus or Dipbulus in Atheneus will have it,’ that they yield a good Juice, eafe the Belly by excreting } the Excrements, are windy and encreafe ¥ oe I
XII. The Pouder of the Tubera Cervina. They} are, firft cut into pieces, then dried by hanging them } on a String , after which they are reduced to’ Pou-'} der, by beating ina Mortar. Dofe of the Pouder |) ° a dram and half in a Glafs of generous Wine; or fome other Vehicle provoking Luft: it wonderfully }; incites to Coition, by breeding much Seed, and en- creafes Milk in Nurfes Breafts: it may be taken al- fo in fome Ptifan, with~a little Sugar-and Long Pepper added thereto. =
Ill. The Decottion in Wine. It has all the fame Virtues with the Pouder, more efpecially if a dram or drum and half of the Pouder be given at a time in it. Thus taken, the Medicament expels Poyfon, |: and defends againft the poyfonous Bitings of ‘veno- mous Creatures. see HTT,
XIV. The Fumigation. If the dried pieces of the’ Tubera Cervina be put upon live Charcoal, and the: Fumes be received up the Womb by a Funnel, help Women troubled with the Mother, and open the Paffages of the Womb when they are clofed, there- by in fome meafure provoking the Terms. _ .
Ground-nut, bar a large tuberous Root, not fully round or fmooth, but bunching out in one place or a- nother, and fomewhat rough, of a blackifh brown co- lor on the outfide, and white within, of a pleafant Tafte, between a Cheft-mt and a Filberd ; for the moft part eaten raw, by reafon of its Pleafantne/s, tho fome bave alfo roafted it by the Fire, or under the Embers, From this Root come forth feveral long Stalks of Leaves, of a bright green color, which are finely cut in and divided, fomething like unto Parfley Leaves, which grow on the middle or top of the Stalk, as Dodonexus fays, when he com- ed them; but they are larger than the next, or Small Earth or Ground Nuts: from among thefe Leaves rifes up a {lender Stalk, a foot or more high, having many -Leaves like our Exglifh Saxifrage, bearing at tite tops many fihall white Flowers in an Umble, which tutn into final!, long, blackifh Seed,
fmelling-fomething {weer. IV. The Second, or Leffer Eatth or Gtound Nur, I. HE Names. Some Authors fay, that this | bas 2 fmall tuberous or roundifh brown Root, like the Plant has no Greek Name, but what it has| former,but lefjer , from whence rifes up a long, flen-
oo =
C H A P. .CCXXXIX.:
of EARTH=NUTS, O R, fe -
GROUND-NUTS.
“ME The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greatet
acquired from the Latin, which is, *Ayeixdcavev, PY B:aCorgsavev, Which laft word is taken from Tra//;-
der, wbitifh Stalk or String, (call it by which Name you pleafe) which ¢s as it were the Clew, which leads
anus lib.7. in Latin, Agriocaftanum, Bolbocaftanum \ you from the upright Stalk to the Root in the Greundy and Nuwcula Terreftris: in Englifh, Earth-nuts,\and runs four or five inches deep into the Barth, but
Ground-nuts, Earth Cheft-nuts, and Kipper-nuts.' The Kinds. It is twofold, vis. 1. Oydy
Mutthioli (folio 627.) of Baubinus his Edition, Balbo
folding or crumpling it felf toand fro unto the top of the Ground, from whence ic rifes up a liule bigger, but naked or bare of Leaves for an inch or two, nd
226 ; Salmon’s Herbal. -
Lib...
then fends forth from the fides of the fame Stalk | Aperitive, yet Aftringent and Diuretick ; Stomatick,
feveral fmall Stalks, of very fine cut Leaves, almo
like them of Parfley or Hemlock, but much fialler and finer jagged, of a fad green color. At the top eee help fuch as Spit or of the Stalk grow feveral Branches of white Flow- The
{t | Nephritick, Spermatogenetick and Analeptick.
1X. The Specification. > ay gy ine, and | 1f8 Blood. -
X. Preparations. The Seeds and Roots are
ers in Umbles, not unlike to the former, of thofe| chiefly ufed ; and therefore you may have there- of Di//, but much leffer; and fuch like Seed as in} ftom, 1. .A Pouder of the Seed. 2. A Spirituons the Greater kind, but that it is lefler; and is tharp | Tintture of the Seed. 3: The raw Roots. 4. The
in Tafte.
V. The Places. The firft grows Wild, and very frequently in France, Germany and Italy, and in fome places in England; but with us it is for the moft part nurs'd up in Gardens. _ The fecond grows with us in Corn-fields, and in Meadows, almoft e- very where, as in the Meadows in Lynn Regis, near Ablhallows Church, and in the Paftures going from Hardwick, within a Mile of Kings-Lyan to Weft- wench ; alfo in fome of the Meadows by Hamp- lead, neat London: in all which places I have ga- thred it. There is a Field adjoining to Highgate, on the right fide of the middle of the Village, co- vered over with the fame; and likewife in the next Field to the Conduit-head by Maribone, near the Way which leads to Paddington, not far from London: T have found it to grow alfo in many Meadows in Kent and in Surry, and in feveral other places.
VI. The Times. They flower in the beginning of Fune (juft at which time their Roots are in Perfe- ction) and in July, and the Seed is ripe in fome little time afterwards.
Vil. The Differences. The Greater differs from the Leffer, for that the Leaves are larger and green- er: the Root alfo of the Greater is not fo far with- in the Ground ; and it alfo fends forth fome Leaves from the Tuber or Bulb it felf, whereas the Smaller kind has only the end of a fimall Root, (like a String as it were) which carries the Stem and Leaves up- on it, as you may fee expref8’d in the Figure.
VIIL. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the firft Degree ; the Seed in the fecond: they are
Roots prepared, 5. Sanguis, or Blood of the Roots,
The Virtues.
ty, Sand, Gravel and tartarous Matter in the eins, Ureters and Bladder; it opens Obftructi-
‘mach. It es Wind from the Stomach and Bow- els, gives eafe in the Cholick, and is of good Ufe again{t all forts of Fluxes of the Belly. ~~
_ XI. The raw Roots.» They are commonly eaten as Fi/berds and raw Cheft-nues are eaten ; they yield a good Juice, which cleanfes the Urinary Paflages, pleafes the Stomach, and nourifhes in Confiump- tions. a
XIV. The Roots prepared. They are prepared b baking in an Oven, oman with Milk ote by boil. ing them in Water as Turneps, Parfneps or Carrots ; and then dreffing them up with Butter, Pepper, Salt, and a little Vinegar: they gratify, pleafe and ftrengthen the Stomach, reftore in Confumptions, and provoke Urine. The Root roafted in Embers, {tops Bleeding, and is good for them who Vomit, Spit or PifS Blood, or have a Bloody-flux, or be. other Flux of the Bowels. The raw Root doesalfo the fame thing.
XV. The Sangués or Blood. It is prepared as is that of Cudiions Sweet in chap.184. fett.22. Parfneps, Carrots, Orcbis, Satyrion, and other like Roots. It has all the former Virtues of the Roots, whether raw, roafted, baked or boiled ; and is much more powerful, being given from half an ounce to an ounce or more, drinking with it a Glaf$ of generous Wine. It is of fingular Ufe for all Confumptive Perfons, breed good Juices and plenty of Seed, and provokes Luft.
C-HLA.P. CCXL.
Of EARTH--NUTS Peafe and Wood.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, “AnG, kuchfii and Tragi: ¥eheén@, Matthioli: Xapaldrav@, Dodonei and Tubernmontani: in La- tit, Apios ‘Iragi, (1 fuppofe from its Form, being Pear fathion,) P/eudoapios Matthioli, Chamebala- nus Dodoner, (from its fomewhat Refémblance to. an Acorn; ) ‘Terre glans pl. glandes Lobelii & Pe- née, Glandes Terrefires Clufit : in Enghfh, Wood and Peafe Earth-nuts. , Il. The Kinds. There are three forts of them, viz. 1. Balanus Lathyrine, Terre glandes, Balanus Pifane, with all the relt of the Names in a forego-
wT Tes 8 ERrPrt FZ.
ms ee Tae ee a ie a Sey TE ee ee
— os
Wood Earth-nuts, or Ground-nuts. 33
nia Earth-nuts.
CK r mers ue Ae (; ‘} TOES ANAS NE IN
| / a\
Ay Pease Farth Ilirks, Wood Karth nut
7 Qn
Q ny \3
G_\
\\ :
=
SS mY | UP Sy\ ") Y ‘ \
N ~
<S
\e
ing Seftion: Peafé Earth or Ground Nuts. 2. A- Stiragalus fylvaticus Fhalii, Lathyrus pede
erre glan- des Americane, vel Virginiane, American or Virgi-
much unlike in Shape to an Acorn, or fome Sorts of Pears) which are black and Small, but much greater than Acorns, fafiued to long Strings, and fpread much under Ground, in Tafte very like to a dry Cheft-nut ; owt of which beneath does hang one or
taking hold of what ftands next to it. The Flowers come forth at the Joints towards the tops of the Stalks, and at the tops of the fame, ftanding upon long Foot-ftalks, in Shape like thofé of Pea/e, but lef, many grow: ing together, being narrow, and of'a deep reddifh purple color, and bright, in Smell not unpleafane: They being pafs’d away, there fucceed, in their places, flender long Cods, in which are contained three or four finall round Seeds.
IV. The fecond, or Wood Earth-nut, hes not only Sreater, but longer and harder Roots, confifting of many black Particles, here and there fendin forth Fibres, almoft woody, or more hard than the former the Stalks alfo are harder, and firaked or cornered, and rife up to be about a foot Dish, Small below, and Somewhat larger above : the Leaves grow forth at the Joints of the Stalks, confifting fometimes of two, and fometimes of four,which are longifh and narrow, and fometimes five on a Branch, faftned to one Foor,
which fading, ufually become blew: after which Cods thetee’. round and black when they grow old, within which
from a tuberous brown Root, as aforefaid. At the Joints of the Stalks with the-Leaves, and in other places of the Stalks, come forth the Flowers many itanding together Spike fathion, of'a dull bluth color, made almoft like Hoods : after which, in Virginia, come Cods of Seed, but not bearin any with us: the Leaves and Stalks perifh before W in- ter, and f{prout from the old Root again in the Spring.
VI. The Places. The firlt grows in many places of Germany in Corn-fields, both with the Corn it felf and alfo about the Borders of Fields among Bri-
Ul. The Deftriptions. The firft, or Peafe Earth-| ers and Brambles. The fecond, Gerard fays, grows
., mut, bas Roots pas are glandulous or tuberous, (not} in Hampftead and Come Parks, near London ; asalfo
on
~ Salmon’s Herbal. ~ Lib. 1.
229
on Richmond-beath, and in feveral other places. | ning green Leaves, almoft of the Shape or Fathion
That which grows in the Woods hasa Root which
of drum or Wake Robin, pointed at the ends, but —
is more hard and woody ; but if it is planted or} much rounder, each of them a foot and half, and
fown in Gardens, in a good Soil, it is more pulpy and tender. That from America grows not with us but in Manured Grounds ; and with us they are all planted in Gardens.
VIL. The Times. They all hower in Fune, Fuly and Awguff, and then the Nuts.are dug up and ga- thered. ho
VILL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are much the fame with the Earth or Ground Nats in the former Chapter; fo that'we rms not need to fay any more of .them in’ this p ce. Soin on
CHAP. CCXLL of EDD O of Carolina.
LT HE Names: \t is called in Greek, ’Agsv erm, x Vevdbnoreygola : in Latin, Aron LEgyptium, & Pfeudocolocafia, (for the true Colo- cafta is the Faba Agyptia Diofcoridis: ) in Englifh, Eddo, Eddo of Carolina, and Carolinian Eddo. Il. The Kinds. It is certainly of the Family of ree oa or Wake Robins, and is here only a fingu- ar Plant. ;
Lia
AN \/ Y IP» =
— Te a
An
of
III. The Defcription. Ir bas a great and bulbous or rather tuberous Roct, in fome more round than in others, fome of which are fmall and long with the Roundac/s, a large as the Roct of a grevt Squill, or thick, lig, round Turnep, having a thin brownifh Skin on the outfide, and white within, cutting very jirm or Jaf, clofer than a heavy clofe Turnep ; fone of them ave reddifh on the outfide, having by finall dirings many bulbous or tuberous Heads , shooting from all fides therecf, whereby the Root encreafes, from whence many kibres fhoot deep into the Ground. trom this Root {hoot forth feveral very large {hi-
fome of them near two feet long, and a foot, fifteen
inches, or foot and half broad, not fo thick and
tippy as Aron Leaves, but thinner and harder, full . 0
eins running Rees way,-and refufing Moifture, — a
tho’ they be laid in Water, ftanding every one upon a very thick’Stalk, about three teet or fomethin more in height, as I have feen them in America, f pecially in Carolina , or about five feet high, as they - grow in Egypt, as Authors relate. This Stalk is not fet.to-orfaftned to the Leaf ‘at the very Divi of the Leaf into-two.parts, as the Aron or Wake Robin is, but more towards the middle, fomewhat like unto the Water Lillies 5 the Divifion of exch Leaf at bottom, being much. rounder than thofe of the Wake Robin. As this: Plant is long, and the Leaves thereof very great, without any other main Stalk (for a long time) but only the Stalks of Leaves, fo it has been reported to be without Flow- er and Seed, ‘but very y ; becaufe the Encteafe which it ufually has, is by the Fibres, which run and {pread themfelves from the Root, or by bits of the Root caft into holes or hills in mellow Ground : they ufually cut one tuberous Root, as big as.a large Apple, into twenty or thirty pieces, fo as every piece may have a {mall quantity of the outfide Skin upon it; thefe being planted in thofe made or pre. pared holes, in Artificial Hillocks of moift-fat Earth in the Spring time, will all for the moft part of them grow, fo that a Crop of the Roots may be gathered in Fu/y and Asguft following ; which is the Reafon that never any Stalk of Flowers, Fruit or Seed-are feen upon them. . But if thefé. great Roots are fuffered to continue for many Years ina lace, (fo as they may be defended and preferved om the Froft.) you will find, that between thefe very tall Stalks of Leaves that there will rife up one Stalk, ‘and fometimes two or three, according to the Years of the Age and Strength of the Plant; which length of time helps to the fructifying there- of, for otherwife it would not bear any fhew of Hofe, or Peftel, or Flower, as I my felf; who have planted them, have manifeftly feen. Each of thefe Stalks are much fhorter than thofe of the Leaves, at. the tops of which they bear a'long open Husk; in” the midft of which rifes up for the moft part three feveral narrow Husks or Hofés, (never one alone, . as the Arum or Arifarum do) with every one their Peftel or Clapper in the middle of them, which is {mall, whitithy and about fix or feven inches long ; from the middle downwards it is bigger, and fet round about with fmall whitifh Flowers, fmelling very fweet, . the lowermoft firft ficwering, and fo by degrees upwards, which laft not above three days, and from the middle upward bare or naked, ending ina fmall long point. After the Flowers ate all pals the lower part abides, and bears many Berries, I
‘
= ie
ke as Arum or Arifarum do, but much paler and ~
{maller. trad
IV. The Places. \.It grows plentifully in Agypt, being planted there for their only Ufe in Meats, and for Kood, which they feldom take without it. It grows naturally in Candia, as Bellonius fays ; and in Portugal, as Clufius reports. It grows alfo in Italy in many places, and inthe Country of Salerne — in the Kingdom of Naples, as Co/umna relates. It grows alfo in the Iflands ot Fava and Surrar, where they ufe it as familiarly as they do in Aeypt, as the Daich have declared in their Navigation thither, Anno 1595. It is alfo found in feveral places oF
Africa, and in divers other places, which 1heophra- — jlus temembred: Some will not have it called: A-
rum Zgyptinm, becaute our late Travellers fay, thee
EE 6 OE Te ee Pe Po
_ ae
ee
SEF wT eee ao ee 2 - —
TORRE ee ee -
Chap. $42.
tor fome Ages it has not been known to grow
Englifh Herbs.
yzy
I], Ihe Kinds. It is rwotold, viz. “1. Ebulus,
there at all, “tis poflible, that for fome Years pall | Sambucus bumilis vulgaris, The common Dwarf
it may have been neglected and difufed ; yet I am } Elder, Wall-wort or Dune-wort.
2. Ebulus foliis
apt to believe, it good {earch was made for it there, | /aciaiatis, Jagged Dwart Elder, or Wall-wort.
by induftrious and skilful Botanifts, ic might be found again. It grows ina vaft plenty in Carolina, it being a great part of the Food of the Country, infomuch as ink Families in that Colony plant whole Fields with it, confifting of many Acres, for the principal and almoft fole Subfiftance of their Fa- milies, ic being there of a very great Encreafe.
V. The Times. It comes up from the planted bits in the Spring time, and the Roots come to their Perfection in Fuly, Auguft, September and Oétober,
pores according to the times they were | _ t
planted in. It Flowers (when it is of Age, fo as to
come to the Perfection of Flowering ) with its Hofe
and Peftels or wig 2 very late, even in warm
Countries, feldom before Offober or November, and
yet the Fruit or Berries do not often come to Per- ion.
VI. The Qualities. The Root (for nothing elfe of this Plant is ufed) is hot and-dry in the end of the third Degree: it is Aperitive, Abfterfive, Inci- ding, Digeftive, Difcuffive and Carminative, Stoma- tick, Pectoral, Hyfterick and Arthritick ; Alexiphar- mick, Chylifick and Analeptick: ‘it is very. {harp and biting in the Mouth, not to be tafted of with- out Caution ; yet it is more biting in fome Coun-
tries. es
VII. The Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame in every Refpe&t with thofe of Avo7 or Wake Robin Roots in Chap. _ . following of this Work, fo that I need fay no more thereof in this “ors ; this Plant being indeed a kind of Avon or
Vake Robin.
VIII. Ax Obfervation. In Carolina they boil them in Water till they are foft, then they eat them with Butter, Vinegar, Salt and Pepper; they are incom-
ble Food, and the very beft of all Roots-in the World which are eaten boiled: they are grateful to the Palate, phasing to the Stomach, very Nutritive and Reftorativein Confumptions: but in the boiling
III. The Defcriptions. The frft; on Common Dane-wort, bits a Root which creeps under the upper Cruft of the Ground, fprings up afrefh in droers places, being of the Bignefs of a Man’s Finger or Thumb 3 it is tough, and he good reafonable Length, having avery great many Branches and Fibres [pring- ing from it, being more excellent for Medical Uses than the Leaves. From this Root rifes up a four
of them, you muft be fure to do it fo well as to | /guare, rough, hairy Stalk, which is full of Joints,
take away all the biting Quality of them, left, be-
like to young Branches and Shoots of Elder, and ri-
ing hot and biting in the Throat, . they fhould caufe | fing»to be four or five feet high: The Leaves ate
an Inflammation in thofe Parts, and alfo difoblige the Stomach.
IX. Obfervat. 2. In that Country, when I was there, they made the “Ag, part of their Bread of the Roots hoiled foft, by mixing therewith fine Flower of Maize or Indian Wheat, and kneading it in with their Hands. It made wholfome, good- tafted Bread, which was very nourifhing; and which would keep moift a great deal longer than that which was made of Maize or Wheat alone.
X. Obfervat. 3. Of the boiled Root a Sangus or Blood may be made, as you make it of Gwfrey, Orchis, Satyrion and Parfnep Roots, which not on- ly nourifhes much and reftores in aes but alfo breedsSeed, and cures Impotency in Men.
CHAP. CCXLIL of ELDER Dwarf
ate Names. It is called in Greek, Xauasixrn : in Latin, Chameatte, Ebulus, Sambucus bu-
-milis, and in Englifh, Dwarf Elder, Dane-wort and Wall-wort. agri :
winged, and grow by couples, with wide Diftances, each Leaf’ confifting of many finall Leaves, fome- what narrower than the E/der-tree Leaves, butclfe fo like, that they might eafily deceive one not: very. well vers’d in the Plants: thefe Leaves ftand upon a.thick.ribbed Stalk, of which every one is long, with’a.fit' Breadth, and finely cut in on the edges, like a Saw, yet the Dents are wider and greater than in-the Leaves of the Common Eller. At the tops of the Stalks grow Tufts or Umbles of white Flowers, dafht ortipr:withred, they grow it Um- bles; very like thofe of the. E/der-tree, but~more fweet in Smell, with five little Chives-in them, pointed with black: which being pafS'd away, black Betries fucceed, very like Common Elder Berries, full .of a red Juice whilft they are-frefh,; and:in which are contained fimall, hard, long Kernels or Seed. This Plant is very like to Elder in Leaves, {poky. Tufts and Berries, but has not a woody Stalk, but only are forth green herby Stalks, which wi- ther away in Winter, rifing again every Spring from the old Koot; but it is doubtlefS.a kind of E/der, as may appear by the Leaves, Flowers and Fruit, as alfo by the Smell and Tafte ; in all which Particu- lars, this is very like to that.
IV. The fecond, or Jagged Dwarf Elder, bas a Root like to the former, very full of Branches and Fibres, from which {pring up Stalks like the other alfo, and indeed in all things, excepting in the
Uu Leaves,
a
330 Salmons Herbal. Lib, |
XII. The Decottion or Infufion in White Port Wine. They have all the Virtues of the liquid Juice and Effence, but much weaker in Operation, and therefore much better and fafer to be given to Chij- dren, Women kind, and weak People. * It cures - gues in Children in two or three Dofes, given two hours before the coming ofa Fit. And being taken to-five, fix or eight ounces in the Morning fafting, and fometimes alfo at Night going to Bed, it pre- vails againft a Cachexia and Leucophlegmatia ; and ~ had a good Effect in curing the Kings-evil and
ropfy. ;
. The Pouder of the Grains and Root. The Pouder of the dryed Berries or Seed, given toa dram in White Port Wine fafting, has the Virtues of the liquid Juice, Effence and Decoétion ; for it mightily provokes the Terms, and carries off the Water in Dropfies, and cures Struma’s. Being gi- ven in Decoftion of Chamepitys or Ground Pine, with a little Gzmamon, it is an approved Remedy for all Joint-Aches, Rheumatifins, Conte Sciatica, Dropfies, and even the Ereach Difeafe it {elf ; forit eafes the Pains, by withdrawing and expelling the Humors which are fluent, Neer and offenfive. The Pouder of the Root works after the fame manner, and does the fame things.
XIV. The Oil or Ointment made of the green Leaves, or Roots in May. It is faid to be an admi- table Remedy for all external Aches, Pains, Cramps, Gouts, fhrinking of Nerves or Tendons, and Lame- nefS caufed by Blows, Falls, Cold or other Acci-
Leaves, it is fo like to the former, that there is no Difference : but the Form of the Leaves does fo al- ter the whole Face of the Plant, and put it out of Knowledge, like the Fagged Elder, that fcarcely a- ny one would think it to belong to the firft kind ; the Flowers, Fruit aud Smell only making us to judge of the Species, and whereunto it is to be re- ferred ; for the Leaves are almoft as much jagged and divided as the Fagged Elder, which is the only thing in which this differs from the firft before defcribed. '
V. The Places. The firft grows Wild in many places of England, where, if it is once gotten into the Ground, it will fo creep and run, that it will be difficult to get it forth again. It grows in un- till’d places near to Hedges, Ditches and common Ways, and in the Borders of Fields. It grows plentifully in the Lane at Kilbury Abby by London , as alfo in a Field by St. foans near Dartford in Kent, and in the Highway at O/d Brantfold Towns-end next towards Londom, and in many other like places.
he fecond is only nurs’d u with us in Gardens.
VL. The Times. They flower in Fuly, and the Berries are ripe in the latter end of Augujft, but for the moft part in September.
VII. The Qualities. It is faid to be hot and dry in the third Degree; Aperitive, Abfterfive, Difcuf: iY Diuretick, Pe&toral, Hepatick, Nephritick,
ylterick, Arthritick, and Emetick or Cathartick.
VIL The Specification. It is peculiar for curin the Dropfy. The Roots and Seed are of preate Force to purge away watry and pituitous Humors, and the Leaves have the chiefeft Strength Next, to digeft, wafte away and confume: the Taice of the Berries are weakelt of all.
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. AnEffence. 3. A Decottion or Infufion in Wine. 4. A Pouder of the Grains or Seeds. 5. An Oil or Ointment. 6. A Catapla/m of the Leaves. 7. Ebuli-mel, or Honey of Wall-wort : of all which things we fhall now treat in Order.
external Parts fo affetted ; to mollify the Hardnefs, to open the Pores, and eafé the Spleen, the grieved atts being therewith anointed : it alfo cures the Piles or Hemorrhoids by anointing. ‘" XV. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. It is Difcuf- five and Arthritick ; and of fingular Ufe to be ap- lied to the Throat in a Quinfey, and to diffolye mous Tumors in the Neck. “Applied to the Re- gion of the Reins or Bladder, it is held to give eafe in thofe Pains. Applied to the Tefticles which are {woln and hard, it quickly eafes the Pain and dif cuffes the Tumor : and put to the Fundament, it ftrengthens the Sphin&ter Mufcle thereof. XVL Ebul-mel, or Honey of Dwarf Elder. Of ten taken to two or three drams or more, as Age and Neceffity require, it diffolves the Tartar of the Lungs, opens their Obftru€tions, as alfo the Ob- ftruétions of the Reins and Ureters, purging away gently Choler, Flegm and watery Humors; is good againft the Bitings of oe or of a ae revails againft the Colick and Stone, as alfo the trangury or other Difficulty of a Water. It helps Coughs, Catarrhs, Hoarfenefs, Shortnef$ of Breath,and Difficulty of Breathing. And outwardly applied, is good againft old running Sores, putrid and fiftulous Ulcers: and diffolved in Wine, it cures — Sores and Ulcers in the Mouth.
The Virtues.
X. The liquid Fuice. This and all other Prepa- rations of Dwarf Elder are more efficacious or pow- erful than thofe prepared from Common Elder, inall the Difeafes, and for all the ge unto which that is applied, but more efpecial y in thofe Cafes in which Elder is little or nothing prevalent. The Juice of the Root applied to the Throat, prevails a- gainft the Quinfey and Kings-evil. The Funda- ment bathed with it, prevents the falling of it down the fame alfo put up the Womb ina Pefhh- ty, or inje€ted with a Syringe, brings down the Terms in Women. It is alfo a might Purger of flegmatick and watry Humors, and has leon appro- i the moft effe€tual thing againft an Anafarca or Dropfy of the whole Body. Dofe from two to four {poonfuls or more in White Port Wine, Morn- ing and Night, according as the Strength of the Pa- tient will bear it.
XI. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues ; and given before the coming of a Fit of an A ue, it prevails fo effe€tually againft it, that it will ei- ther put it off or make it much more eafy ; and at fecond taking feldom fails of perfect curing it. It opens Obftruétions of the Breft and Lungs, in- cides and diffolves pituitous and tartarous Matter in thof Parts, or the Urinary Veffels, carrying off the morbifick Matter of Catarrhs, Stone, Gravel, Gout, Kings-evil, Jaundice, Dropfy, and other like Difeafes. Dofe two or three {poonfuls in White Wine, Morning and Night. .
CHA P. CCXLIIL Of ELECAMPANE,
,
lentum, Inula, Enula, Enula Campana: in Enghfh, Elecampane ; Wut in fome parts:of Exgland it is Cal- led, Scab-wort and Horfe-heal,
-
oP , j
dents ; and to warm, comfort and {trengthen all the ©
t g, AG 7h)
LTS HE Names. It is called inGreck, Exinn; in Arabick, Fafin & Rafen : in Latin, He- —
IL. The Kinds. tis a fingular Plaat of its ki nd.
wa
. i
iy
pee
Chap. 24.2.
But Anguilara and Cordus took it to be the Panax Chironium Theopbrafti. There is another Plant which iscalled He/enium, or Helenium alterum Di- ocoridis, which is Heliamtbemum or Dwarf Ciftus ;
ut it is not akin, nor has any Relation to this, the which you may fee (with all its kinds) in Chap.131.
aforegoing.
III. The Defeription. Is bas a Root which is £reat, thick and long, branched forth {Xe ways, black- in, of a very bitter
Tafte, but good Smell when it is dryed, of a very compatt and folid Subftance whilft it # frefh and new- ly gathered. From this Root shoot forth many large Resor. hing near the Ground, which are long and broad, fmall at both ends, fomewhat foft in handling, yet rough withal to look upon, and very full of Veins ; of a whitifh green on the upper fide, and grey under- neath, flightly nicked on the edges, each ‘of them Standing upon a fhort Foot-flalk. From among thefe Leaves rife up feveral great and hairy Stalks, three or four feet high, with fome Leaves thereon, com-
ifh on the outfide and white withi
pefing them about at the lower ends and are branch- e
tohich afterwards turn into Down, with fome long,
Small, brownifh Seed among it, all which is carried
away with the Wind,
IV. The Places. It grows in moift Ground and fhadowy places, more than in the dry ; in the Bor- ders of Fields and Lanes, and in other wafte places almoft every where, but more efpecially in fat and fruitful Land : it is fometimes found alfo upon
- Mountains, and fhadowy places which are not alto-
gether dry. It grows very much in the Fields on the left Hand going from Dunftable to Puddle-bill ; alfo in an Orchard going from Colebrook to Ditton. Ferry, in the Way to Windfor, at Lidde and Folh- Stone near to Dover, by the Sea-fide. I have often found it growing in Orchards in many parts of this
Kingdom.
Engh{o Herbs.
towards the tops, bearing feveral large Flowers, like unto thofe oF the Corn Marigold, both the Bor der and Leaves, the middle Thrum being yellow,
33!
V. The Times. It flowers in Fane and Fuly, and the Seed is ripe in Augu/t. The Roots are gather- ed for Ofe as well in the Spring, beforé the Leaves come forth, as in the Autumn or Wimer,
VI. The Qualities. The Root is the chief thing which is uféd, and is hot and dry in the third De= gree, full of Mercury and Sulphur: iv is Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Anodyne, Carminative, Di- geltive, Relaxive, Incarnative and Vulnerary ; high- ly Petoral, Stomatick, Neurotick and Hy tterick ;
mmenagogick, Sudorifick, Alexipharmick, Sper- npurogepetil and Analeptick. —
VII. The Specification. It is peculiar againft old oUBhs Cararrhs, and rartarous Matter ouliructing
e Lungs.
VILL. The Preparations. From the Root of this Herb you may make the following Preparations, viz. I. A fice. 2. An Efjence. 3. A Syrup. 4e A Decottion or Infufion. 5. A Pouder. 6, An Ele Guary. 7. An Ointment. 8. A Balfam 9. A Ca- taplafm. 10. A diftilled Water. 11. d Spirituous
initure, 12, An Acid Tintture. 126 An Oily Tintture. 14. A Saline Tinfure. 15. A Spirit. 16. d diftilled Oil. 17. Poteftates or Powers. 18. An Elixir. 19. A fixed Salt. 20. Sanguis cr Blood. 21. The Preferve or Confervee 22. Enule-mel of Honey of Elecampane.
The Virtues.
IX. The liquid Fuice. It expels Wind in the Stomach and Bowels, and takes away pricking Pains and Stitches in the Side, caufed by the Spleen: it is alfo good againft Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, Shortnefs of Breath, and Obftru€tions of the Lungs
‘by tartarous Matter. Dofe two or three {poontuls
in a Glafs of generous Wine, Morning and Night.
X. The Efjence. It has all the Virtues of the lis quid Juice; befides which, it ftrengthens the Vifce- ra much more, and fecures a Perfon lately cured of a Dropfy, that the Difeafe thall not return again upon the old Foot. It is good againft the Obftru- €tion of Urine; provokes the Terms in Women, zn facilitates the Delivery ot a Woman in Travail, brings forth both Birth and After-birth ; it is good againft Vapors and Fits of the Mother, refifts Poy+ fon, and prevails againft the Venom of the Viper, Rattle-Snake, and other Serpents, as alfo the Bi- tings of mad Dogs it deftroys the Putridity ot ma- lign and peftilential Fevers, contending even with the Plague or Peftilence it felt: Dofe two {poon- fuls Morning, Noon and Night, in a Glafs of gene- rous Wine, if it is upon an Exigency ; otherwife twice a day may be enough.
XI. The Syrup of the Fuice. It is highly Pefto» ral, and caufes ExpeCtoration to a Miracle, being admirably good againft Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, HoarfenefS, Wheezing, ShortnefS of Breath, Dith- culty of Breathing, and all other Stoppages and Op- preffions of the Lungs, diflolving the tarcarous Mat- ter lodged there, as alfo in the Keins, Urerers and Bladder : it gives eafe to fuch as are pained wirh the Stone in the Reins or Bladder: ina word, it has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but muft be taken in a larger Dofe, becanfe the truly Medicinal part of the Plant is fo much clogged with Sugar.
ai The Decottion or Infufion in Wine. It hag all the Virtues of the aforegoing Preparations, but lefS powerful ; and therefore may be taken to three, four or five ounces, Morning and Evening : this be- ing daily drunk, befides being a Pectoral. it is faid to be good for fich as have weak and dim Eyes ; tor it clears, {trengthens and quickens the Sight ad- mirably ; kills and ares forth all manner of Worms
u 2 in
332 Salmons Herbal. Lib I
in Belly, Stomach or Maw. Gargled in the Mouth, and the Root chewed alfo, it eafés the Tooth-ach from a cold Caufé, and faftens loofe Teeth, and helps to keep them from Putrefaction.
Wl. The Pouder of the Root. Yt warms and comforts a cold Stomach, re€tifies the Indifpofition of the Bowels, expels Wind, and gives eafe in the Colick: it is good for fuch as fpit or pifs Blood, and prevails againft the Bloody-flux, and other Fluxes and WeaknefS of the Bowels oe from a cold and moift Caufe ; and has indeed all the Vir- tues of the Juice, Effence and Syrup aforegoing. Dofe from two feruples to a dram and half in Wine or fome proper Vehicle, Morning and Night.
XIV. The Elettuary. \t may be made fimply with the Pouder of the Root, but it is commonly compounded thus: Be fine Flower of Elecampane fe. ven ounces, Nutmegs in pouder five ounces, Flowers of Sulphur three ounces, Crocus Martis aperitive two ounces, Oil of Anifeeds one ounce, clarified Ho- ney fifty four ounces: mix and make an Elefuary. Dofe as much as a Cheft-nut, ot fomething more, wafhing it down with a Glafs of prompt Wine, and this to be done Morning and Evening by all fuch as have any Obftruction of the Lungs, or Ulcer of the fame, or fpit or pifs Blood,or have a Bloody-flux; itis
chexia or Leucophlegmatia, and for Virgins who have the Green-ficknef$, and want their monthly Purgations. It ftrengthens the Tone of the Vifcera fo admirably, that fuch Perfons who, by reafon of vehement Obftructions, long SicknefS, or Debilities of Age, or fome other Accident, have not been able to go crofs a Room, or up Stairs, have, by the ta- king hereof, in four or five days time, been able to go three or four Miles, and that fo ftoutly as to do it without complaining of any Weaknefs or Weari- nefs. It opens: Obftruttions of the Thorax, eafes Coughs, and ftops the moft profufé Catarths, tho’ inveterate.
XV. The Ointment. et is good againft Convulfi- ons, Cramps, Aches, Rheumatick Pains, the Gout, Sciatica, Weaknef§ of the Joints, and other like Di- {tempers of the extream Parts: if it is made of the Pulp of the Root, or the Fuice thickned by boiling four pound, mixed with Orl of Trotters, Beef fuer, of each one pound, Vinegar half a pound, Sal Nitre fix ounces, Sockaieht Saturni three ounces , it will be an excellent Remedy for any Scab or Itch in Old or Young. It will yet be fo much the better if Flowers of Sulphur four ounces be alfo added to the Compofition.
XVL The Balfam. \t is an extraordinary thing to cure Wounds and Punétures of the Nerves and Tendons : it heals green Wounds at two or three times dreffing : and it digefts, cleanfés, incarnates, drys and heals moift and running Sores, old Ulcers and rebellious Fiftula’s, fome good inward- Wound- drink being taken in the mean while. Applied in the Gout, it gives eafe to the Pain.
XVII. The Cataplafm. It % made of the Meal or fine Pouder of the Root, mixt with white Bread, Milk and White Lilly Roots. It fuppurates Tumors or Apoftems, eafes in arthritick Pains; and applied to the fide, gives eafe in Pains of the Spleen. Ir difcufles windy Tumors of the Cods ; and where the Swelling is fuch, that it cannot be diffipated without breaking, it quickly brings it to Matura-
tion.
XVIII. The diftilled Water. It is Pe&toral and Carminative, and good to be ufed as a Vehicle, to convey other Preparations of the Root in; it is good to cleanfe the Skin of any common Deftedati- on, and to be mixed with white Sugar Candy to
put into the Eyes, to clear the Sight of Clouds, |
Films, or any other thing which may obfuftate or dim the fame. ps
XIX. The Spirituous Tinfure. Yt warms, com forts and ftrengthens the Stomach and other Vifces ra, refifts Poyfon, and the Venom of Serpents and mad Dogs, helps Digeftion, and repreffes Melan- choly ; kills Worms in Children, and provokes the Terms in Women, where they have been long ftopt and is a fingular thing in all Coughs, Colds, oe tarrhs and Befluxions of Rheum a the Joints dramh ina GlafSof geneous Wine, ot in the cif
rams ina Glaf$.o Wine, or in the diftil- led Water dulcified.
Pers ond tek sms Bie has alk the Virtues of the liquid Juice a werfully o all natin Obftructions, ant Poutities } Sto.
mach and Bowels to a Miracle. Jeereates a good
Appetite,- caufés a Digeftion, incides or curs catarcae Humors whi rary the Stone and Gout, diffolving and expelling them: it all Obftru-
ao of the me gh st? P. Fs caufing a ee Breathing and Expeftoration, and cleanfing the Reins and Bladder from Sand and. tartarous
Mucilage, which caufes the Strangury and Difficul- ty of Paling Dofe fo much as to make the Vehi-
XX. The Oily Tindure. It isan admirable thing againft Punctures and Contufions of the Nerves and
| Tendons : it gives eafe in Convulfions, Cramps and
Contra&tures of the Nerves, Tendons and Mufcles ; and isa mighty Relief in a cold Gout, if it is dili- gently anointed. therewith, and well rubbed in. It gives.eafe in the Stone and Gravel, and in the Stran- gury, from what Stoppage foever : ir expels Wind in the Bowels, and gives eafé in the Colick, and this it does in this latrer café, whether it is given by the Mouth or exhibited Clyfterwife. Ifyou give it inwardly by the Mouth, you may giveit from ten drops to twenty or thirty, according to Age and Strength: if Clyfterwife, you may give it to a dram: outwardly anointed upon Paralytick Mem- bers, it wonderfully thens and reftores, them.
XXU. The Saline Tinture. It is wfed for the moft part outwardly to bathe all fach:Parts.and Places as are affeCted with Scurff, Morphew, Spots, Ble- mifhes, Yellownefs or TawninefS of the Skin, Her Tettars, Ringworms, Seabs, Leprofy, or pee Defoedation of the Cutis.
XXII. The Spirit. It is highly Cordial and Pe- Gtoral, good againft fainting {wooning. Fits, SicknefS at Heart and Stomach, and gives.eafe in. the Colick, and Griping in the Guts. It ftrengthens a weak Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion. It gives eafe in a Cough, exterminates Colds, and conduces to the {topping of Catarrhs. It refifts Poyfon and the Venom of Serpents and mad Dogs ; as alfo the Malignity of the Plague, and all forts of malign and peftilential Fevers. Dole a fpoonful or more at a time.
XXIV. The diftilled Oi. et has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, Effence, Pouder, Ele&tuary and Spirit, and may be given-in place of all or any one of them, being much more powerful than then all. I have had great Experience-of it in facilitating the Birth, and bringing away the After-birth: It pow- erfully provokes the Terms in Women where they are {topt ; cures Vapors and Hyfterick Fits, There is nothing better againft Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, Hoarfeneis, Wheezing, Shortnefs ef Bteath and Difficulty of Breathing ; as alfo the Colick in Sto- mach or Bowels, than this Oil. You may give it from fix drops to fourteen or twenty, dropping it firft into white Sugar, and mixing them well and then mixing all witha Glafs of good generous
cle pleafantly fharp, three, four, five or fix timesa- of fingular Ufe for all fich Perfons who have a Ca- | da
—— a oe
Reins and Bladder, and provokes Urine A etter th of ‘hey have all
them, ofter up the Noftrils, and
Dofe is fifty drops, more or lefS, ina GlafS of gene- a and fh cafe of Vapors or Fits, ma clafs 0: i
XXVI. The Elixir. This Medicattient is on the Poteftates exalted, and brought to the highelt degree of Perfection. It isone of the of all Pettorals and Anticolicks ; and provokes the Terms in Women after an admirable manner. In a word, it has all the Virtues of the Powers, and performs whatever they can do, with Advantage. Dofé from
forty to’ drops in any proper Vehicle.
XXVIL Te ‘feed Salt. Oe mite of the whole Plant, burnt to Afhes whilft it is green. It is high- ly Diuretick, and a great Purifier of the Blood, de:
oyin Hamer: more ctpactaly in the places of Digeftion. Being mixed about a {cruple or half a dramat a time with a fpoonful of Juice of Limons, it takes away Vomiting immediately, tho’ never fo extream, and gives eafe in the mo petti- nacious Colick.
XX VILL. Sanguis or Blood. It acuates the Juices of the Body, fortifies the Stomach, comforts the Fa- culties, chears. the Heart, revives the Spirits, and
puts whole Nature into an excellent Habit and Con- }
dition. And as it is one of the moft admirable things in the World againft Cou Colds, Ca- tarrhs, Afthma’s and fpitting of Blood , fo it isa moft fingular thing to reftore in Confumptions, there being not many better things upon rth. Dofe from two drams to three, or more, according as the Sem 3 may require, ina Glafs of homogeneous hes uch as the Prudence of the Phyfician fhall ire€t.
XXIK. The Conferve or Preferve. It may be taken in a Morning fafting againft malign and in- feftious Airs ; and in contagious and peftilential Times, there being very few things much better. I ‘commend it for fuch as have had an Afthma of long continuance; for the conftant taking of it for fome confiderable time, diffolves the Tartar of the Lungs, and caufes free Breariing,
XXX. ‘Enule-mel or Honey of Elecampane. It is highly Pe€toral, and is very efficacious to warm and comfort a cold and windy Stomach, and to eafe
Prickings and ftitches in the Sides; as alfo Pains of
the Spleen, and to help Coughs, Catarrhs, Wheez- ing and Shortnefs of Breath. It is an excellent ing alfo for provoking of Urine, and to open Ob- ftruftions of the Womb where the Courfes are {topt, fuppreffing Vapors, and preventing Fits of the Mo- ther. Dofe as much as a Wall-nut Morning and Night for fome time.
CH Ae eCCKxLIV. Of ENDIVE Garden.
Lo HE Names. it iscalled in Greek, Stes: by
the Arabians, Dumbebe, Anubebe and Ende-
emples therewith, |
all ‘preternatural Acids in the Juices and | Stomach, and other f,
Ve.
I The Kinds. Ic is either Garden, of which in this Chapter ; or Wiéd, ot which inthe next. The fitft kind is called Exdivia hortenfis, Vntubys major Matthioli, Intubyum fatryum, Garden Endive.
AZ wea at ¢) Ars
ANT
4 4
F IF \y s STR i 7
~— 's
sf Nuts”
Ill. The Defcription, Jt has a Root which és long, white, with Fibres or Strings appendent 10 it,, wbigh withers and dies away after it bas erfetted its Seed. From this Root fpring forth long Leaves, broad, fmooth, and more green than white, like al- woh to eG of Lettice, fomerhing notched in cn the edges e Stalk grows up among the Leaves, heing round and bollow, divided into feveral Branches : out of which, being brokem or cut there ifjues a Milk like Fuice, alittle bitter. The Elowers gyros at the tops of the Branches, and confilt of many Leaves, in color commonly blew, feldom white,
1V. White Endive. It is raifed of the Scediof the former Garden Endive fowed (not in the Spring, a8 is ufual, but) in July, whereby it remains till Wir- ter, at which time it is taken up by the Roots, and laid for two hours in the Sun or Air, by which means the Leaves will become tough, and cafily endure to be wrapped up into a heap after which they are bu- ried in the Earth, or in bond, as fome fay, with the Roots upwards, fo as no Earth or Air can get with- in, (which, if they could would canfe Rottenne/s: ) the which fo covered may be taken up as need re- quires, and fo ufed in Sallets all the Winter, asjs ufual in London, and many other places. This is called White Endive, and it feems, that the anci- ent Romans were not ignorant of it, Pliny, Ub. '20, cap. 8. {peaking to the fame purpote.
V. Curled Endive. There is alfo another fort of Garden Endive, ca//ed Endivia Calamifitata, Intu- bum intortum, Intubus Crifpus vel Crifpifflimus : this bas a‘ thick Root, with Fibres annexed, as the former has, which Root perifbes, as does the whole Plant, after it bas brought forth its ripe Seed. From this Root pring up many Leaves, not much wnlike 10
the
HAN
2-234
the Leaves of the Curled Cabbage-Lettice, but much larger. ¥rom among thefe Leaves {pring up trong and thick Stalks, fet with the like Leaves, se lefs, and not 2 amply curled or crifped as thofe below, or as the Leaves were, before it ran up to Seed. The Flowers grow at the tops of the Stalks, much like the former, and are of a like blew color, This (as well as the firft kind) being whited according to the fol- lowing Direltions, is calléd White Endive, and is much ufed in Winter time asa Sallet, with great Pleafure and Satisfattion : but this Curled-Endive is much the tenderer, and far the fairer and better for
that purpofe.- _ Aa ve The Places Thefe. grow in Gardens only, but not only with us, but alfo thro’ all pea y Vil. The Times. They are fown in the spring, and they flower in Fuze and to and their Seed is ripe in Auguft, the whole. Plant
will remain till Winter, and fo taken up, may be whitened, apie former Dite€tions ) and {0 be pre- ferved for Salleting all the Winter.
VII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the fecond Degree, Aperitive, Aftringent and Hepatick.
IX. The Specification. They are peculiar againft butning Fevers, the butning Heat and alfo Stoppage of Urine. — on
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A kquid Fuice 2. An Effence. 3. A Syrup. 4. A Decoftion. 5. A Cataplafm. 6. A diftilled Water. 7. A Pouder of the Seed. 8. A Sallet.
The Virtues.
2%
and therefore cools the exceflive Heat of the Sto- mach and Liver ; and is profitable againft Inflam- mations of the other Vifcera, and, Heats in any o- ther Parts of the Body : it is of very good Ufe to be ufed in the hot and burning Fits of Agues, to cool the fame, being given three or four f{poonfuls at a time, mixed with fair Water or diftilled Wa- ter of the Plant.
XIL. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Juice; befides which, it cools the Heat and SharpnefS of Urine, opens Obftructions of the Liver, Spleen and Urinary ears: and heals the Excoriations of the fame. Dofe three or four fpoonfuls at a time in a GlafS of the diftilled Water.
XIIL The Syrup. It is good in thin Rheums, caufes Expe€toration, helps the Strangury, and takes away the Peoiriis and Scalding of the Water. Dofe two f{poonfuls or more at a time. —
XIV. The Decottion. \t has all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence and Syrup, but nothing near fo powerful. It is ufually made in Water, becaufe it is more cooling, and more agreeable to the Nature of the Plant; and fo it cools inward Inflammations,
‘ and heals admirably : it opens Obftru€tions of the Liver, Spleen, Gall, Reins, Bladder and Womb, and is faid to be profitable againft the Yellow Jaundice.
XV. The Cataplafm. It being applied, ferves to attemperate and cool the SharpnefS and Heat of the Humors, and qualify the fharp and corroding Matter which proceeds from ill-natured and fretting Ul- cers. It is alfo good againft hot and inflamed Tu- mors or Swellings, and pelftilential Sores; and ad- mirably helps not only the Rednef$ and Infammati- ons of the Eyes, but alfo the Dimnefs of Sight: and gives prefent eafe in the Gout.
XVI. The diftilled Water.
It is finely cooling,
and a fingular Co//yrium to be uféd to fore, hot, in-’
flamed, red and blood-fhot Eyes, being dropt into them four, five or fix times a day. It ferves alfo for a Vehicle to convey fome of the other Prepara- tions in. ;
Salmon’s
ing and refrefhing the weak and fainting Spiri - and is one of the beft Sallets, to be ule job i * Autumn and Winter time. ; ee ee
perifhing before} inter. But when they are fown in July, thn they
Splveiris angu
XI. The liquid Fuice. It is a fingular Cooler,
Bi -) > ~ *
Herbal... »< dabd
XVII. The Pouder of the Seed. It has all the Properties and Virtues of the Juice and Effence , and if we may give Credit to Authors, it is rather the Pay pore 1; befides, it is available for Faint- ings and Swoonings, and other Paffions of the Heart, gixeh in a Glafs of generous White Port Wine or
adera, Morning and Evening. Dofe one dram or dram and half ac aime, i coolio a
[. The Sa//et. It is fingularly cooling; an ee a GE the Wied curled toda 1 a tender and delicate; agreeable to the Stomach, cool-
wm N ot *
of ENDIVE Wild, |
WHE Names. It is called in Greek, Ses m- — duh, Gdyea: in Latin, Endivia fyloeftris, Intubum fylvefire ; and in Englifh, Wild Endive.
Il. The Kinds. It is twotold, vis. 1. Endivia oe ps a Det Wild Endive. ; 2. Endivia fylvefiris, vel Campeftris latifolia, Broad- leav’d Meadow Wild Endive 2 f i ;
\
} A ies tH. ie,
or Nar
III. The Defcriptions.
The frft, ! OW leav’d Wild Endive, has a preity Pie tough AGS brous Root, which perifhes every Year, as that of the
Garden does. From this Root feveral very long, fmooth, green Leaves arife, lying on the Ground, narrower than the Garden Endive; and, fomething more bitter. The Stalk is flénderer aid lower than the other, yet growing many times half a yard high, being towards its top more full of Branet nies the tops of all which it bears {mall blew blowers, like the Common Garden Endive ; which being pals away, there follows the like Seed alfo, IV. The fecond, or Broad-leav’d Meadow Ex
- (4a
adjoining thereto , from which rife up many broad Leaves, fpread upon the Ground, like to thofe of Garden Endive, but leffer, and fomewbat rougher : among which rife up many Stalks, immediately from the Root, every one of which are divided into feveral Branches, upon which do grow many blew ‘Flowers, in Fafhion like the tormer, fave that they - are lefler.
V. The Places. The fecond grows in Meadows, and Borders of Meadows in many places. The firft is found to grow Wild in feveral High-ways, and upon the Heads of Ploughed Lands in feveral Parts of the Kingdom, as alfo upon wild and untilled barren Grounds, efpecially in chalky, ftoney and
aS ei
VI. The Times. They flower from the latter end of Fuly to the end of Auguft, the Seed ripening foon after.
VIL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Garden Endive in the former Chapter, fo that no more need be faid of them in this place.
VIII. Note. In the Spring time the vulgar Peo- le are ufed to boil thefe Herbs in Pottage or Broths, r fickly Perfons, and fuch as have weak and ill- difpofed Stomachs ; for fo they corre&t the ill Fer- ment of the Part, flrengthen the Ventricle, and pu- tify the MafS of Blood.
CHAP. CCXLVI.
of ERYNGO, OR, SEA--HOLLY.
L HE Names. It is called in Greek, Eyu'yye09
in Latin, Eryngium, Erynge Plinii, Centum Capita, and by fome Apothecaries it is called, Irin- gus: in Engljh, Eryngo and Sea Holly.
Il. Nota. Some referr Acanos to Eryngium, but Lobel doubts thereof, and referrs it to Drypis Theo- phrafti, but te to the Crocodilion Diofcori- dis: Lacuna calls it Glycyrrhiza [pinofa.
Il. The Kinds. Authors make fix feveral kinds of this Plant; but there are but two which are known to, and grow with us, viz. 1. Eryngium Marinum, Eryngium Maritimum Baubini & Gefneri in bortis, Glycyrrhiza fpinofa Lacune, Our common or olly. 2. Eryngium Mediterraneum Gefneri, Turneri, Gerardi, Lobelii, Eryngium Cam- peftre Lobelit ; Eryngium vulgare Baubini, Clufit, Camerarii, (becaufe in Germany there is no other fo frequent ;) Eryngium Montanum, Matthioh &
Chap. 246. Englifh Herbs. 335
has a thick, tough and woody Root, with many Strings \ white within, with a Pith in the middle, of a wery
pleafant Tafte, but much more delicate, being Pre- Jerved or Candied with Sugar. . From this Root {pring up feveral Leaves, broad, almoft like to Mallow Leaves but cornered on the edges, and deeply dented or cut in, fet round about with hard Prickles, {harp-pointed, and alfo a little crumpled,
fat, of a blewifh white, of an Aromatick or Spicy -
Tafte, and each ftanding upon a long Foot-ftalk, but they which grow up higher with the Stalk, do as it were encompaf$ it at the bottom: thefe Leaves are gentle, or nothing fo hard and prickly as when they grow older. The Stalk it felf is round and ftrong, yet fomewhat crefted, having Joints, and Leaves on thofe Joints, more divided, fharp and prickly than the lower ; this Stalk is thick, about a Cubit in Height, now and then fomething red below, branch- ing it felf out towards the top, which Branches have alfo feveral other Branches proceeding trom them, each of them bearing on their tops ieveral blewifh, round, prickly Heads or Knots, about the Bignefs of a Wallnut, held in for the moft part with fix fmall, jagged, prickly Leaves under them, or encompafling the top of the Stalk round about, and {tanding like a Star; which Leaves, as well as Heads, are of a gliftering blew, and fometimes are found greenifh or whitifh. The Flowers coming forth of the Heads are likewife blew, with white Threads appearing in the middle,
V. The fecond, or Meditertanean Etyngo, bas a
Lugdunenjfis , Eryngium Lacung, Cordi, Cefalpini| long Root, like the former, but fhorter and flenderer, __» ~©& Tabernmontani, fimply fo called without any E-| yet nearly a Fingers Thicknefs, black without and : ithite, and we in England call it, Mediterranean,\ white within, being of a Tafte and Smell like the o- al or Land Eryngo. ther, which whilft new fprung up, and that they are } oung, are alfo tender and fit to be eaten, tho not al- EP ag Defcriptions. The firft, or Common |‘togetber te Sweet to be Eaten, nor fit to be Prefer- Sea Holly, bes a Root of an admirable Length, even|\ ved,nor full out of fo AromatickaTafte. The Leaves ~ to eight or ten feet long, fo that it can {carcely ever | are diverfly cut into feveral parcels or pieces, being —— obea up, and about the Thickne/s of a Man’s | all full of Prickles along the edges , they are more _—s Finger, fet with Knots, Rings or Circles bere and} divided, more pany, and lef Aromatick than the there towards the upper part, but Monette without | former. The Stalk and Branches are not fo thick lower, brownish on the outfide, and very} as the firft, but the Stalk is divided or sey oy oS ae eae ‘ ¢€ A + aA im #- e
ane oe -
yee pe ee ee
.
Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. L
_ An Ointment. 8. ACataplafm. 9. Adi 10. The Fuice of —
336
(like it). into many Branches, which bring forth of. 7
prickly Heads, but leffer than thofe of the other ; tilled Water of the whole Plant. from whence there alfo come forth blew Flowers, the Leaves.
feldom yellow. There grow likewife, under every one of thefe Heads, fix rough and prickly Leaves, like to thofe of the other, but thinner and fimaller.
The Virtues.
Sih
x oy NY SLANT he! N x / is
Be
<
ys ke SS, a Sa aS ly NS eY pe stay Won ate ™ - SA Ne RS LS = : Y Ro 7 Y TUNE eA 74) NY ‘ 4 J PP 7 ‘oruls bt | QD A 5 ‘| BOL . /~ 4
HERE BY %
e
*
F P’ b
i ; As 2 “A3) iN :
<a TS
« rt
b Seaholly apy E: 1 tge
LL Mediterranean.
VI. The Places. Shore or Coaft almoft in every
other Northerly fide upon
at Rye and Winchelfea in Suffex ; Landamer Lading, at Harwic
upon the Shores of parts of Germany,
in the upper and about Narbone in
ant Tien en | <aeedill
it very well thrives. Vil
The Times. They both flower in Fune and [ July, after the Siimmier folftice ; and give ripe Seed
‘n about a Month after, wz. in Auguft. VILL The Qualities.
iuretick, Analeptick and Spermatogenetick. Specification.
inlsanive, harmic PTX. The
The firft is found upon the Sea Country, as in Spain, Italy, France, England, Holland, and in moft of the ountries ; it grows upon the Sea-
Beechy and Stoney Ground. It has been found growing plentifully at Whitftable in Kent , and in Effex at
; and upon Langtree Point, on the other fide of the Water ; as alfo in Gardens, where it is fometimes planted. The fe- cond grows naturally on the Mediterrancan Coatts, the Levant Sea; as alfo in moft and in Efpecial in Franconia, in the Vineyards and Highways evety where ; as alfo farther remote parts from the Sea, France, a8 Lobel and Pena fay ; but with us it is only nurs’d up in Gardens, where
They, viz. the Roots, are temperate in refpett to Heat and Coldnefs, and dry in the firft Degree, having a Thinnefs of Subftance, as Galen fays; Aperitive, Abfterfive, Anodyne, Car- Pectoral, Nephritick, Alexi-
| They are peculiar againft } Stone, Sand, Gravel and Tartar in the Reins, U.
: ters and Bladder, Strangury, and all Obftru&tions of thofe Parts, eafe the Colick, and ftrongly provoke
XI. The Root, raw, raft or boiled. They ate thus eaten to provoke Luft and encreafe Seed : th open Obftruétions of the Liver, are good againit the Bitings of poyfonous Beafts, provoke the Terms in Women, prevail againft Convilfions, Cramps, Epilepfies, and other like Diftempers of the Head and Brain. .
XII. The Conditures The way of this dry Prefer- ving them is thus : Take double or treble rehned Sugar a pound or more, fair Water a pint or better; boil them together till they become a good firo Syrup: to which Syrup add (bei oft cold two ounces or more of choice Damask-Rofe Water, an ounce of ftrong Cinnamon Water, and a grain and half of Musk in fine pouder, (the three laft muft be mixed, and the Musk infufed together firft for twenty four or forty eight hours, and then ftrained out ; and fo put into the Syrup, being firft half cold.) This being done, your Roots being wathed, are to be laid to foak in fair Water for twenty four hours, and then very well pickt and cleanfed , after which they muft be boiled in fair Water for the {pace of four hours, till they are foft, after which they are to be taken out, and pe clean, as you do Parfneps, and the Pith muft be drawn out at the end of the Root ; but if there is any whofe Pith cannot be fo drawn out, then you muft flit them, and fo take it out: thefe you muft alfo keep from much handling, that they may be clean, put them into the afore prepared Syrup, ‘in which let them remain to the next day, then fet them on the Fire, in a fair broad ConfeSting Pan, (made of Copper or Brafs double Tinned over) until they be very hot, but without any boiling at all; let them remain 0- ver the Fire an hour or more, removing them gently in the Pan from one place to another with a wooden Slice. This done, have ina ReadinefS a great Cap or Royal Paper, upon which ftrew fome Sugar dou- ble or treble refined, upon which lay your Roots, having taken them out of the Pan. Thefe Papers you muft put into a Stove or Hot-houfe, or a warm Oven, to dry and harden ; but for want of fuch a place, you may dry them over a gentle Sand Heat, in a Sand Furnace, or by laying them before the Fire. After this manner you may Condite or Pre- ferve any other Roots whatfoever. The Roots thus Condited or Preferved are exceeding good for old and aged People, fuch as are withred and confumed with Age, and which want natural Moifture, or the Humidum Radicale, as it is called, and therefore of confequence muit be good for fuch as are in Cor {umptions: they are alfo good for fuch as have al- moft loft the Defire or Appetite to Venereal nourifhing and reftoring the Aged, and helping a gainft the Defetts of Nature in the iS.
KIL. The liquid Fuice of the Root. kt may be taken to two or three ounces Morning, Noom and Night in a GlafS of generous Wine, as White Lif bon, White Madera, Mountain White Wine, &c. Ir breeds Seed admirably, and is faid to/eure Impo- tency in Men. It prevails againft the Ki the Colick, expels Wind, breaks the Stone, drives forth Gravel, Sand, and other tartarous Mat- ter out of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, provokes
a
and :
Urine, and cures the Strangury, being drunk for a
Luft. : X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, | bout fifteen days together. One would not gruteh
1. The Root, raw, rod ed or boiled. 2. A Condi-\to drink it for a Month, to have all thefe great ture of the fame. 3. A Fuice thereof. 4. An Ef-| things performed by it. It may be taker 0; Four
6. A Pouder there- | ounces, upon
fence. 5.4 Decottion in Wine.
‘t
o =~
XIV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, and by reafon of its FinenefS, much the better and pleafanter Medicine to be taken, It
werfully opens Obftrutions of the Liver and Spleen, Reins, Bladder and Womb , is good againft the Yellow Jaundice, Dropfy and Gout, and pro- vokes the Terms in Women. | It is good againft the Bitings of Serpents, and the Poyfon of the Aconite, or other poyfonous Herbs ; but in cafe of the Stone, Gravel, Sand, Strangury, &c. it ought to be taken for twenty or thirty days together, firt fafting in the Greek, "Evpesovve : in Latin, Haphrasie, Ewe Morning, and laft at Night going to Bed. If the) fragia, Euphrafyne, (which is alfo a Name of Bug- Ulfe of this Medicine is continued longer, it not on-| /o/s) Ocularis, Ocularia, Opbthalmica and Exfrafia : ly removes the Stoppage of Urine and piffing by | in English, Eye-bright. drops, with the Sand, Gravel and Tartar of the] II. The Kinds. There are many kinds of this Reins, and all other Defeéts of the Urinary Parts, | Plant; but there are but two principal Species which but it is faid perfettly to cure them, as alfo thofe | are known to us, Of at leaftwife grow in our Coun- who are troubled with the Stone, fo as that thofe] try, viz. 1. Eufrafia, Eufragia, and Euphragia vul- Pains fhall never return again ; which thing Authors | garis, Our common Meadow Eye-bright, of which fay has been proved by Experience, on fuch as have | in this Chapter. 2. Eupbragia, and Eufragia linifo- been a long tite troubled therewith. Dofe three] /ia Colamna, (yet the Leaves are far lefS than thofe of Flax: ) Eupbragia fylvefiris, Eupbragia, vel Eu- fragia Lignofa ; Woody Eye-bright, of which in the next Chapter.
cH A P. CCXLVIL
of EYE--BRIGHT Common or Meadow.
LP HE Names. It is called, as fome fay, in
things) to excite Coition ; and is faid to be good
' againft the French Difeafe it felf. XVI. The Pouder of the Root. This being taken to a dram in.a Glafs of White Lisboa Wine, with the Addition of half a dram of Daucus or Wald Car- rot Seed, expels Stone and Gravel from the Reins and Bladder, provokes Urine and the Terms, eafes the Célick, refifts Poyfon, and cures the Bitings of Serpents and other venomous Creatures. It is fingular good ie the Scrophula, or thofe Tu- s in the Throat called the Kings-evil,
or Kings-evil Sores, or to the Bitings of mad Dogs, Serpents, or of any other venomous Creature, it draws out the Malignity and Poyfon, and quickly heals the Sore. In the Gout, whether of Hands or Feet, it gives prefent eafe , and elgg to Apo- ftems, it quickly ripens and breaks them.
XIX. The diftilled Water. It is drawn from the fe whole Plant when the Leaves and Stalks areyoung:| II]. The Defeription. It has a Root which is and is profitably taken for all the Purpofes aforefaid :| Jong, fmall and thready at the end, from which ufus it removes Melancholy from the Heart, and is good | ally ryes up one mall, low, blackifh green Stalk, 4 for Quartan and Quotidian Agues, as alfo for them | /j an bigh, or not much more, Spread out from the who, by Convulfions, have their Necks drawn awry, | bottom into feveral Branches, on which are fet small or cannot turn them without turning their whole Bo- | Jong, dark green Leaves, pointed at their ends, and dies : but in all thefe Cafes the Juice or Effence are| dented about the edges, almoft like a Saw, 110 al- more powerful; and they may be taken in this di-| ways fet together, and very thick. At the Joints {tilled Water for a Vehicle. with the Leaves, trom the middle upwards, come
XX. The liquid Fuice of the Leaves. Being dropt | forth fall white Flowers, ftriped with purple and into the Ears, itis {aid to fuppurate Apoftems there- | yellow Stripes, and Spots mixed therewith , after in. And Gerard fays, that tne drunk with Wine,
which follow finall round Heads, with very finall it is a Remedy for thofe who are troubled with a] Seed therein. This being found on fome hilly Gonorrhoea or Running of the Reins.
Ground, does fometimes vary in Color of the Flow- er, as being {fometimes more whitifh, fometmes more yellowifh, and fometimes more purple.
IV. The Places. lt grows in.dty. Meadows, in
green, and grtafly Mays, and Paftures lying tsb
re
‘ 3 4 » , . EL as oo) a - ih Eee Tae Li
- it on
i J
vr
>
. Ng a i
-
MEY. ss ——_—_———————_—_—_—_— Sun, T have found it in feveral Meadows near Ly Drink : the conftant Ufe of it admirably ftrengthens Kegis in Norfolk, within a Mile or fomething more | the Eyes and clears the Sight. of the Town ; in Meadows neat Hurdwick, and be-| XV. The Cataplafm. ‘The green Herb made into tween Hardwick and Wefiwench : alfo in many] a Cataplafm by beating ina Mortar, and then ap- places in Kent, in the barren Fields and watte plied to the Eyes, is good againft hot, fharp and Grotinds near Grabefend, and in the places there-| fcalding Rheums, Weeping of the Eyes and Blood- bouts; and indeed it is frequent in Meadows] fhot, abates the Inflammation, eafes the Pain, takes und Grafly places in moft parts of the King-| away the Dimnefs, and clears the Sight. ' dom. XVI. The diftilled Water. tis faid to have the V. The Times. It flowers in Auguf? and conti-| Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but much more nues to September, the Seed ripening foon after. | weak , but may ferve as a Vehicle to take fome of VI. The Qualities. At is hot inthe firft Degree} the other Preparations in. Outwardly ufed to the and dry in the fecond, and is efpecially ert Eyes, (efpecially if a little white Sugar is to the Eyes: it is gently Aftringent and Difcuffive. diffolved in it) it is of good Ufe againft an Oph- VII. The Specifications It is a fingular Remedy | thalmy, Pains and fharp Humors ; it takes away ( ey, by Experience) againft all Difeafes of | Clouds, Films and Pearls, and clears the Sight. the Eyes. ‘ VUL The Preparations. You igs ftom, 1. A ae Fuice. 2. An es 3. A
CH A P. CCXLVII.
The Virtues. Of EYE-BRIGHT Woody.
IX. The liquid Fuice. Taken inwardly Morning and Evening to two or three oot, in a Glafs of generous Wine, it ftrengthens the Eyes and Op- tick Nerves, helps a weak Brain and Memory, {trengthens a weak Sight, and reftores it, being de- cayed, in a fhort time. _ Outwardly dropt into the Eyes five or fix times a day, it takes away Clouds, Films, Blood-fhot, and other things which obfufcate
I. HE Names. It is called is Greek, "Evgesovns
; Evacedis : in Latin, Eufragia, vel Euphra- gia Lignofa , Eufragia peas fis rubra: in Englifh, Woody Eye-bright, Red Woody Eye-bright.
II. The Kinds. There are two Species here- of, viz. 1. Eupbragia lignofa major, Eufragia tenfis rubra major, The greater red woody bright. 2. Eufragia, vel Eupbragia lignofa minor, Eufragia pratenfis rubra minor, The leflerred woody Eye-bright. :
Y —= YS a\\ ¥ = WZ APs Ze -
LS SiFG4 Souye 7 - (A Ni «.
NYU AINE A UNE PPPTTT TT Pa “4
f
ry feems to be a Specifick to cure Difeafes of the Gs : yes. Sf) XIV. The Drink. Itis to be put into, or Tunn’d ae
up with new Ale before it has done Working ; to an : every Gallon you may put eight handfuls of the 2 ‘ , i Herb, which you may gently bruife, and putintoa} II. Nota. The firft of thefe is the Eufragiaale thin Bag made of a Dairy-Wives Milk-cloth, with| tera Dodomei, Lobelii € Aliorum: the Sideritis
a Stone in it, to make it fettle. This is to be put| pratenfis rubra Lugdunenfis : the Odontites Tabern-
inco the Ale or Beer whilft it is Working ; which,| montani: the Ericoides rubrum Thali, and the after three or four days, may be drunk as ordinary | Crateogonon Euphrofyne Gerardi, who makes it
- nee 5 a
Chan +4
Chap. 249.
‘Englifh Forks
339
kind of Crateogonon, again{t the Evidence of Dodo- | Tamnacum, fo that it teems Part heniam was a word news, which is indeed an Error. The fecond is the | applied to many Herbs ; but it is only proper to our Brunella Italica Baubini, (in his Phytopinax ;) but | Matricaria.. 2. Parthenium, vel Matricaria lore the Expbrafia pratenfis latifolia Italica, (in his Pi-|pleno,; Arthemefia tenuifolia flore pleno, Doudle- nax,) and Eufrafia purpurea minor, (in his Pro- | flowered Fetherfew.
dromus;,) and the Exufrafia non fcripta tertia Co- humne.
IV. The Deferiptions. The firft of thefe, or Greater red woody Fye-bright, bas a Root which is made of feveral hard and woody Strings ; from which rifes up one woody, fquare, brownifh Stalk, divided into feveral Branches, a little above the Ground, fo that it feems to be a pretty Bujh, about balf a yard or two feet bigh, fet with fomewhat long and nar- row Leaves, pointed at the ends, and a little dented in about the edges, two always fet together at a Joint, one againft another, which will, in the Heat of Summer, turn reddifh : the Flowers are gaping and Hooded, of purplifh red color. .
V. The fecond, or Smaller red woody Eye-bright, has a fmall woody Root, ftringy and black, ,; from whence rifes up one fquare, reddifh, bairy Stalk, an handful or more bigh, fometimes without Branches, and ufually but with two, very feldom more, which are compafled with a few thick, hairy and almoft round Leaves, fet two together, and deeply cut in- to parts; the lower Leaves, which are the lefS, but into three parts, but the uP which are the great- er, into five or fix parts. e Flowers come forth fometimes from between the Leaves and the Stalks, and fometimes they ftand in Tufts at the tops, two {tanding together, Hooded, and of a pospl color, coming out of long green Husks ; fometimes the Flowers have been obferved to be white, yet but vety feldom: which being faded or pafs’d away, there comes after them (contained in the faid Husks) long and cornered white Seed.
V1. The Places. They are found in feveral. parts of England, the firft chiefly in es places of Kent, in barren Fields and wafte Grounds, and in fome places near and. about Gravefend.
Vil. The Times. They flower about the latter = of Fu/y, and in Augujt, the Seed ripening foon after.
VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations . and Virtues of thefe Plants, are much one and the fame with thofé in the former Chapter, fo that no more need be faid thereof in this place.
CHAP. CCXLIX. of FE THERFEW Garden.
LF HE Names. It iscalled in Greek, Haghinor, (quafi planta Virginalis, quia multerum mor- bis uterinis medetur, & inde vulgo matricaria: ) in Latin, Parthenium, Matricaria & Febrifuga: in Englifh, Fetherfew and Feverfew, (from the Latin Name) it being good againft Fevers or Agues.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Partheni- um, vel Matricaria hortenfis, The Garden Fether- few, of which in this Chapter. 2. Parthenium, vel Febrifuga fylvefiris, Wild Fetherfew, of which in the next Chapter.
Il. The Garden kind is alfo twofold, viz. 1. Par- thenium, Matricaria, vel Febrifuga vulgaris flore fim- plicit, Thecommon Fethertew, with a fingle Flower.
fiveet Gaggen KeatherFew Ws ~ We) . I iD ; s* a Kay Z
SY?
IV. The Defcriptions. ‘The firft, or Single: flowred, bas a Root which is fomewhat bard and
Short, with a multitude of ftrong Fibres at it, making
it like a Bufh of them: from the Head of. this Root
Spring up many large, frefh, green, winged Leaves;
wn much cut in on the edges: the Stalks are hard and round, fet. with many fuch like Leaves, but fomething fmaller, and at the tops ftand many fin- gle Flowers, growing upon many fmall Foot-ftalks, confifting of feveral {mall white Leaves, longifh and pointed, ftanding about a yellow Thrum in the mid- dle. The Smell of the whole Plant is ftrong, but ot enough to that Senfe, and’ of a very bitter afte
V. The fecond, or Double-flowred Fetherfew, has @ Root like the former , and in its Stalk and Leaves, a alfo the Smell and Manner of Growing, it is fo like the other, as not to be eafily difcerned from it till it comes into Flower, and in that is the only Dif= ference ; for whereas in the former the Flower was only fingle, in this they are’very thick, and double filled, as it were, with white Leaves, fo that only a little yellow Spot is to be feen in the middle.
VI. Ihe Places. They both grow in Gardens ‘with us, and yet they have both been found grow- ing Wild in this Kingdom, which isa Rarity, I rather think, that where they have been found grow- ing fo, that it was by fome Accident they grew there, as the f{cattering of fome Seed, or Weeding the Plants out, and cafting them into fome other place, where poflibly they might take root again, and fo grow up and feed, and {hed their Seed in the fame place. A
VIL. The Times. They flower in Fume and Fulp; and their Seed is ripe not long after.
Galen fays this was called Anthem#s,Helxine and Li- ais ozoftis 5 histime: Péimy fays,that He/xine was cal- Ned PerdiciumandParthenium,alfoLencanthemum and
ae ae
VILL. The Qualities. They are hot in the third Degree, and dry in the fecond , are Aperitive, Incis
es Xx 2 F five; .™ a Ow 4 : ¥
240 = Salmon's
five, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Carminative, Digeftive, Diuretick and Suppurative ; Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Pettoral amd Hyfterick , Emmenagogick and Alexipharmick.
IX. The Specification. It is peculiar for provo- king the Terms in Women, and forcing away both Birth and After-birth.
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2 AnEffence. 3. A Decottion of the Herb and Flowers in Wine. 4. A Wine. 5. A Syrup. 6. Pouder of the Herb and Flowers. 7. A Cataplafm. 8. A diftilled Water. 9. A Spiritu- ous Tintture. 10. An Acid Tintture. 11. An Oily Tintlure. 12. A Saline Tinfure. 13. A Spirit. 14. A diffilled Oil. 15. Poteftates or Powers. 16. An Elixir. “6
The Virtues.
XL The Figuil Puice, Te s good again the Fits and Rifin orth Mother, the Hardnefs and Inflam- mation of the Womb, being taken once or twice a day, two or three fpoonfuls at a time, ina Glafs of
ine.
XII. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Juice, and comforts and warms the Womb and all the Parts of Generation afflitted with Cold and Moi- fture, and obftruéted with thick, tough and tarta- rous Humors : it provokes the Terms powerfully, and brings away the Child, either dead or-alive, as alfo the After-birth: it cleanfes the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, expelling Stone, Gravel, Sand or vif- cous Matter obftru€ting them. It provokes Urine, and gives eafe in the Strangury. Dofe two fpoon- 7 it the diftilled Water, or in White Lisbon
ine.
XIU. The Decoltion in White Port Wine. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but lefS pow- erful ; and therefore muft be given to all the faid Intentions in a much gteater quantity, viz. to five or fix ounces, dulcified with white Sugar, and to be taken thrice a day, viz. Morning, Noon and
Night.
XIV. The Wine. It is made by a reiterated In- fufion of the Herb and Flowers in White Lisbon or Port Wine, for a Week or more. It admirably {trengthens the Stomach, warms and comforts the Vifcera, and cleanfes them from cold, ae and vifcous Humors : if it is drunk for fome Months, jt is faid to re€tify and ftrengthen the Confiftency of the Seed, and to cure BarrennefS in either Sex : it is good againft Melancholy, and HeavinefS or Sadnefs of the Spirits. Dofe a quarter of a pint three or four timesa day.
XV. The Syrup. It is dedicated to the Breft and Lungs, and is ufed with good Succef§ againft Coughs, Colds, Stuffings of the Lungs, Afthma’s, Wheezing, ShortnefS of Breath and Difficulty of Breathing , it opens the Pipes, and cleanfes them of the tough and vifcous Matter adhering to them. Dofe one or two {poonfuls, to be lick’d alone with a Liquorice Stick, that it may diftil down the Throat gradatim.
XVI. The Pouder of the Herb and Flowers. If it is taken, as Diofcorides fays, in Wine, to a dram or fomewhat more, mixed with Oxyme/, it will purge like to Epithymum, both Choler and Flegm, and will be available for all fuch as are Short-winded, or are Afthmatick, Bechick, or are troubled with Hypochondriack Melancholy, HeavinefS, Grief or SadnefS of the Spirits. It is good for fuch as have the Vertigo, or Pains or Aches from Stuffings of Humors, or froma cold and moift Caufe.
XVII. The Coteplafm. Being made of the green bruifed Herb, and applied to the Crown of the Head,
Herbal. Lib. T
it eafes all Pains thereof, as Camerarius fays, co- ming from a cold Caufe : it is alfo profitable for fuch as have a Giddinefs or Swiming in the Head. Applied to the Writs, with fome Salt mixt with ir, two hours before the coming of the Fit of an Ague, the Patient withal drinking at the fame time half a int or more of the aforementioned Decoétion in ine, it cures the fame, being four or five times
ufed. XVII. The diftilled Water. Authors fay, that it is good to take away Freckles and other Defor- mities in the Face and Skin. This I know, that if to every quart thereof you put one ounce of Sa/ Nitre or of Sal Tartari, mixing, diffolving and fil- tering it thro” brown Paper; you will then haye excellent Cofimetick to clear the Skin of Tanni Sun-burning, Yellownefs, Freckles, Lentils, Pim- ples, Scurft, Morphew, and other like Defcedations of the Cuts. XIX. The Spirituows Tinfure. It expels Wind, and is powerful againft the Colick, whether in Sto- mach or Bowels: it warms a cold Stomach, com- forts and ftrengthens it, revives the Spirits, chears the Heart, fortifies the Womb, and makes it vigo- rous and fit for Conception. Dofe halfa fpooniil or more in a Glafs of White Lisbon, Morning and Night, or two or three times a day. q X. The Acid Tinfure. It is good againft Nauftating, and ftops Vomiting, ftrengthening the Stomach after an admirable manner. It is prevalent pomp Senn) and ~ pe bee teh gins, es a good Stomach and a ftrong Digefti opens the Obftructions of the Womb im viene the Terms, and rettifies the Defeéts of the Inftru- ments of Generation, occafioned thro’ Weaknefs. Dofe fo many drops as to give the Vehicle a plea- fant Acidity, and that three or four times a day or
more. XXI. The Oily Tinéture. It is good againft all cold and moift Difeafes of the Head, Brain and Nerves, as Head-achs, the Megrim, Vertigo, Apo- plexy, Epilepfy, Convulfions, Palfy, Rheumatick ains, Colicks, and other like Diftempers of thofe Parts. It is inwardly to be taken Morning and E- vening from twelve drops to twenty four or thirty, dropping it firft into Sugar, and mixing them well together, then mixing them with a GlafS of Wine, and fo a off, it powerfully opens Obftru- tions of the Womb, Reins, Ureters and Bladder, revails againft the Strangury, and expels Gravel, and and tartarous Matter from the Urinary Parts. Outwardly againft Pains and Aches, Convulfions and Palfies, it is to be well anointed upon the Parts af- fetted Morning and Night. ; XXII. The Saline Tintlure. Tho’ it provokes Urine and —_ Obftru€tions of Reins and Ureters, yet itis moftly ufed againft Pains of the Gout, ex- ternal Aftetts and Defcedations of the Skin, fuch as we have enumerated at Sett. 18. aforegoing; for which Purpofes the Parts affected are firft to be bathed with warm Water, to open the Pores of the Skin ; then being wiped dry with a Cloth, this Sa- line Tin€ture is to be laid on, bathing the Parts well with it twice or thrice a day, and letting it dry
on. XXIIL The Spirit. It is highly Cordial, good againft fainting and fwooning Fits, refifts the Power of malign Fevers, and the Poyfon of the Plague it felf. Given ina little Poffet-drink, it drives out the Meafles and Small-Pox powerfully, and fo fecures the Life of the Patient. It is fingular alfo againft Convulfions.
XXIV. The diftilled Oil from the whole Plant
dryed. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Jui Eifence, Tin@tures and Spirit, but is much
——
Chap. 2 SO, Englifh Herbs. = 24d
powerful than them all, and may be given to all the fame Intentions, from eight drops to fixteen or twenty, firft dropt into Sugar, and then mixt with the Vehicle you defign to give it in, whether it be Wine or any other {pecifick Liquor. It may be gi- ven twice a day, viz. Morning and Evening ; but in cafe of a Woman in Labor, or in any Fits, whether of the Mother, Colick, Convulfions, Apoplexies or Falling-ficknefs, it ought to be given at that mo-| III. The Deftriptions. The firff, on Naked Fee ment of time. _ therfew, bas a bufhy fibrous Root, like to the others,
XXV. Poteftates or Powers. They have all the| from whence {pring up Leaves and Stalks, fpread- Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Tin&tures, Spirit and | ing them/felves forth into many Branches, not at all Oik exalted ; in which the Virtue and Efficacy of
differing from the former in Shape or Manner of the Plant is fo fubtilized, as that it penetrates mo-| Growing. At the tops of the Stalks and Branches mentarily into any Part they are applied to, whe-
grow the Flowers, not like the former; for this is ther they be inwardly given or outwardly ufed. |a Head of naked yellow Thrums, without any Pale Dofe is from one to two drams, and upon Sesremi-
or Border of white Leaves, .as are in the others, ty to three, mixed with a Glaf$ of Wine, or any o-| which is the only thing by. which this kind differs ther {pecifick Vehicle.
from the other two, and for which Reafon it is cal+ XXVI. The Elixir. This is the Powers elixi-| led Naked herherfew. rated and brought yet to a greater degree of Effica- cy in Operation ; being vehemently —_ and ftill Sweet-{cented Wild Fetherfew
II. The Kinds. This is the fecond Species of Fetherfew, and is twofold, viz. 1. Parthenium, tel Matricaria bullatis floribus aureis, Naked Fether- few. 2. Parthenium, vel Matricaria grati odoris, Matricaria altera Camerarit, Arthemefia tenuifolia odorata Tabernmontani, Matricaria odorata Baubini, Sweet-{cented Fethertew.
much more exalted in their Virtues and s. It
may be given inwardly from half a dram to a dram, an and half or two drams (according as the Neceflity may require) in a Glafs of Wine or other fit Vehi- cle, Morning and Night, or oftner, as you fee fit.
| CHAP. CCL. of FETHERFEW Wild.
IS’ HE Names. It is called in Greek, Maght-}
viov od vv, x) ogeso : in Latin, Parthenium fyl- vefire, Matricaria agreftis, Febrifuga agria; and in Englifh, Wild ox Field ¥etherfew.
Naked-flowred Fetherfew,
eS
IV. The fecond, or Sweet-fcented Fetherfew, h.zy a bufhy fibrous Root, like the firft Common kind, and in its Leaves, Stalks, Branching forth and Flow- ers, it differs not at all from the firfi, being in all things fo like, that there can no Difference be per- ceived between them, till you come 10 fmelling to it, and then you will find it to be of a more pleafant and odoriferous Smell, which fo contirues in the kind, and is not altered, nor made fo by Art, but is the Work of Nature only ; nor yet degenerates from this Excellency by any Accident or Cafualty what- foever.
V. The Places. The firlt grows in Effex, and was there found growing by one Mr. Wrddiam Coys, The fecond has been found Wild in many places of England, (as well as the former naked kind.) Ca. merarivs alfo fays, that it grows in an Ifland called I/va, in the Levant Seas : but they are alfo (both of thet) uurs'd' up with us. in our Gardens.
Vi. ‘Lhe Times. They: flower. bod: ime
M5E
=a
— 24.2 Salmon’s June and Fuly, and the Seed ripens in the mean time.
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of both thefe, are the fame with the two former in the Chapter juft aforegoing, fo that
£0 more need be faid thereof in this place: but this Is to be noted, That thefe rwo Plants fall no ways
Horbal..
Leng Divifions at the bottoms of the Hands ; the top of the Root is thick dnd knobby, divided into Fingers, hike thofe of Palma Chrifti, of which this may be faid to be a kind. From this Root rife up thick, fat and fpongy Stalks, fer with broad, {mooth, green Leaves, like thofé or P/antane, but much longer; thefe are growing in order upon the Stalk, even
ar the other two, in their Power, Force and| from the bottom to the top or beginning of the thi
cacy.
CHAP. CCLL
of FENN Y-STONES, OR, MARSH-PALMS.
Spike of Flowers, growing fimaller as they grow higher, and appear nearer to the Spike. The Tuft or Spike of Flowers is large, confifting of many. fimall hooded Flowers, of a fomewhat whitith or pale blufh color, {ported within with deep purple Spots, the backfides of which Flowers are of a Violet color mixt with purple : and every Flower, at its rifing up from the Stalk, has a finall greenith Leaf accom- panying it. .
IV. The fecond, or Thin-leav’d Fenny handed
Stones, has Roots exattly like to thofe laft deferibed
the Stalk is alfo like , but it differs from the former
| /omething in the Leaves, for in this Plant re are “ ong
IS" HE Names. We know of no Greek Name| fmaller, being neither fo broad nor yet fo
‘A belonging to them: but in Latin they are called, Serapias, vel Orchis ee and Orchis palmata F conclta : in Englifh, enny-ftones, and Palmed Fenny-ftones, or Marfb-Palms.
Il. The Kinds. There are feveral kinds of them, as, 1. Serapias vel Orchis palmata paluftris latifo- ia, Fenny or Marth handed Stones with broad Leaves. 2. Serapias vel Orchis palmata paluftris Eeptopbylla Thin-leav'’d Fenny or Marfh handed
his or Stones. 3. Serapias vel Orchis palmata paluftris levifolia, Marth or Fenny handed Orchis fmooth-leav'd. 4. Serapias vel Orchis palmata pa- luftris maculata, Spotted Marfh or Fenny handed Stones. 5. Serapias vel Orchis palmata paluftris Dracontias, Marfh or Fenny Dragon handed Orchis or Stones. 6. Palma Chrift paluftris maxima, The greateft Fenny handed Stones. 7. Palma Chrifti pa- Sid radice repente, Creeping Fenny or Marth
a °
NM
— 5:
SES *
=A iB \ ‘
p} R IN
A) iif AN CL igt >
hie
“OrChIS Daljwata .-
fometimes fpotted, but more ufually without; nei- ther is the fpiky Tuft of Flowers fo large or lon
tho’ they are thick fet, like the firft, nor has it 4 many green Leaves or long Leaves mixed with, or growing between the Flowers, whichare of a Violet
purple color, but not altogether of fo dark a purple _-
as the former are. os fia
V. The third, or Fenny or Marth handed Stones fmooth-leav'd, has a handed and Singred Root, with Some Strings adjoined to the upper parts of them, like unto the two others: the Stalks are much alike : the Leaves are jike the laft, ieee and narrower, and without Spots : and the Flowersare of a whitith color, but more purely white; the Flowers and the whole Plant being in Magnitude, Shape or Form, and Manner of Growing, but little differing from the others.
VI. The fourth, or Fenny or Marth handed Stones fpotted, bas a Root fafhioned like a Hand, with fome Strings fafined to the upper parts thereof : from the Head of which Root rifes up a fair {tiff Stalk, armed with large Leaves, very notably dafht with blackifh Spots, clipping or embracing the Stalk round about. At the top of the Stalk ftands a fair
Tuft or Spike of purple Flowers, with many green .
Leaves mingled among the fame, which makes the Bufh or Tutt much greater. The Seed is nothing elfe but Duft, as it were, (like all the reft of the kinds) and is contained in fmall twined Veffels, which Veffels are not peculiar to this alone, but common to moft of the other Orchides.
VII. The fifth, or Fenny or Matfh Dragon-handed Stones, has cleft or divided Roots, like Fingers, much like unto the Roots of Palma Chrifti, of which this is a kind and from this Root rifes up a Stalk of a foot high, fet here and there with very fair Lilly like Leaves, of a red color, and whichdo clip or embrace the Stalks almoft round about, like the Leaves of Thorow-wax. At the top of the Stalk grows a fair Bufh of very red Flowers, am which Flowers do grow many fimall fharp- Leaves. The Seed is a thing hard or difficult to be obferved, being much like Duft, which is blown a- ie? with the Wind.
: the
Ry
Chap. 252,
Englilh Herbs.
343
Conopfwa,and Macrocaulos.from its height.] Thefe | rotudo minore, Small kennel, or Fennel with @ Flowers {mell fweet, and are fucceeded by Seed, | fmaller round Seed.
like that of the reft of the Kindred.
IX. To thefe Gerard gives us another, which he calls, Palma Chrifti ( paluftris ) radice repente , Creeping Ferny or Marfh Palm, or Creeping Palma Chriiti : it bas creeping Roots, without Tefticles, which are many and long, creeping far abroad in the Ground, contrary to all the reft of the Orchides which Roots are of the Bigne/s of large Wheat Straws, in Subftance like thofe of Soap-wort ,; from the which do immediately rife four or five broad fmooth Leaves, like unto Small Plantane Leaves: from a- mong which fhoot up a fmall and tender Stalk, at the top of which grows a pleafant fpiky Head of Flowers, of a whitifh color, {potted on the infide with little bluody Specks, which leave Vefléls con- taining very finall Seed.
X. The Places. They all of them grow in fenny Grounds, or in marfh or moory Grounds, alfo in fhadowy Woods or Groves which are watery and marthy , and often over-flowed with Water. The
-fixth, or Great Palmi Chrifti, delights to grow in
Grounds of an indifferent Temper, not too moift nor too dry. The feventh, or Creeping Palme, was found by Mr. Robert Abbot of Bifhops Hatfield, in a boggy Grove, where a Conduit-head does ftand, which fends Water to the then Queens-houfe in the fame Town. It alfo grows plentifully in Hamp/hire, within a Mile of Petersfield in a moift Meadow, called Wood-mead, near the Path leading from Pe- tersfield, toward Beryton.
XI. The Times. The firft flowers more early than the Ordinary Orchis or Cynoforchis. The fe cond flowers after the former: but they all flower from the latter end of Apr#/ thro’ all May and Fune, fome of them flowering more early, as the firlt and fecond kinds ; and otherfome more late.
XII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Cynoforchis or Dog-ftones, which we have declared at large in Chap. 226. aforegoing, fo that no more need be faid thereof: yet this is to be noted, That thefe Fenny- flones are not of fo great Power and Force as are the Cynoforchis, and feveral other kinds of the Orchides or Tefticuli, of which we {peak in their proper places.
CHAP. CCLIL Of FENNEL Common.
L“P° HE Names. It is called by the Arabians, Raienigi: in Greek, Mdegdew: in Latin, Feniculum ; and in Englifh, Fennel.
Il. The Kinds. "There are four principal kinds of Fennel, viz. 1. Feniculum vulgare, of which in this Chapter. 2. Feniculum dulce, Sweet Fennel, of which in Chap. 253. 3. Funiculum fylveftre, Wild Fennel, of which in Chap. 254. 4. Peuceda- num, Hog or Sow Fennel, of which in Chap. 255.
along. 44 MA the Vulgar or Common Garden Fennel, there are two forts, viz, 1. Feniculum majus vul- gare, The greater common Garden Fennel. But Cefalpinus calls it Feniculum fyloeftre : Camerarius in borto fays, that fome took it to be Hippomara- hrum , but that was a Miftake, as we fhall thew in 54. 2, Feniculum minus, Feniculum femine
ry ie ==
My
wt hh ily rents tes i \ Seas ea Va ANA, T) Ai) o x l/s \ \ uy iz N \ b/ \ \| " i \ / ” AN} , a hy" Up v4 iY) + j A \| Wet SAY $ j , \ 4 ww! MAS Nee A oP. ze ‘ » i YX) iy ~ VEZ j Ys SS ly LAY / ) » / ~ \ 0 ae EN S74) 4 HY ea #7 7
M1
AE YS : md ee
IV. The Defcriptions. The frft, or Common Garden Fennel, bas a Root which is long and white; running down deep into the Ground, fpreading it felf out into feveral Branches : from this Root rife up divers round ftiff Stalks, four or five feet high, which {pread themfelves out (at many of their Joints) into divers Branches of long Stalks, of fixe, {mall, long, fibrous Leaves, Jmelling fomewhat firong, but not unpleafant : and at the tops, on feveral Branches, there are Tufts or Umbles of fimall yellow Flowers, which turn into {mall, long, roundifh-cornered, bitterifh , greenifh Seed, two always together, as in the other Umbelliferous Plants; which being ripe, and once dryed, become of a fad grey color. Of this Plant there are truely two forts, (tho’ one Defcription does ferve them both ; ) the one wholly with green Leaves; the other with reddifh Leaves, or with reddifh green Leaves, they not differing oné from another in any thing elfe.
V. The fecond, or Small Fennel with fimallet round Seed, i” its Roots, Stalks and Leaves differs not from the former, but only that they are every way lefs, being much lower than it 5 and that the ‘Umbles at the Heads of the Stalks are white, and the Seed which follows is lefS than the ordinary fort, being. more like to Carum or Caraway Seed i the whole Plant, both in Smell and Tafte, and in its Form and Manner of Growing, is the fame with the other Common Garden kind.
VI. The Places. Thefe Plants grow in all hof Countries, in Ajia, Africa and America, and in fome of the Weft India Mflands, *tis faid, they teed theif Cows with it: but with us in Exg/end it grows ons ly in Gardens.
VIL. The Times. They flower in Fuse, Fuly and Augift, and. the Seed is ripe not very long after.
VII. The Qualities. According to Galen, it 18 hot in the third Degree, and dry in the firft : it is admirably Aperitive, Incifive, Anedyne, Carmina-
tive
—_— eo eee
344 Salmons
Uve, Digettive, Difcufive, Suppurative and Trau- matick ; Neurotick, Stomatick, Peftoral and Hy- {terick ; Emmenagogick, Sudorifick, Alexipharmick, | ges , Galettogenetick and Spermatogene- tick.
IX. The Specification. It is peculiar for healing Ulcers in the Lungs, helping againft the Scrangury, and to open Obftrutions of the Womb and all the ey aflages, ftrengthening the Tone of all thofe
arts,
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. The whitned Leaves and Stalks. 2. A liquid Fuice. 3. An Effence. 4. A Decottion of Leaves and Roots. 5. A Syrup. 6. A Pouder of the Seed. 7: An Oil by Infolation. 8. A Balfam of the Leaves and Roots. 9. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. 10. A diftilled Water from the Herb or Seed. 11. A Spi- rituous Tinture of the Seed. 12. An Acid Tinfure of the fame. 13. AnOily Tinkture thereof. 14. A Saline Tinkture of Herb, Root and Seed. 15. A Spirit. 16. An Oil diftilled. 17. A Balfam. 18.
oteftates or Powers. 19. An Elixir. 20. A fixed Salt. 21. A Liquor of Fennel. 22. The Gum.
The Virtues. XI. The whitned Leaves and Stalks. "They are
whitned after the fame manner as you whiten Cur/- ed Endive, or Sallery or meus talks, €7c. being
thus whitned, the Ita/ians are faid to take great de- light in eating them as a Sallet, for then they are very tender, and pleafant to the’Tafte : they com-
fort and warm a cold Stomach, help to digett crude flegmatick Humors bred from vifcous Meats. Fez- nel being thus eaten, it breeds Milk in Nurfes Breafts, provokes Urine, and encreafes the Seed ; opens Ob €tions, expels Wind, and provokes U- rine. The conftant eating of this whitned Fezne/ for fome confiderable time, I have known to cure a vehemently ftinking Breath, and to make it as fweet as theirs which never {melt amifs.
XIL. The liquid Fuice. Mixt with a Glaf§ of | N
Wine or Ale, and fo taken by Nurfes, it encreafes Milk in their Breafts, expels Wind, provokes Urine, eafes the Pains of the Strangury and Stone, expel- ling all the praternatural Matter in the Uris Parts. It is faid to break the Stone, more efpecial- ly if it is made of a gritty Subftance. Dofe three or four {poonfuls Morning, Noon and Night in any fit Liquor.
XII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the Juice ; befides which, it encreafes Seed, prevails a- gainft the Colick, eafes the Tortions of the Bowels or Griping of the Guts from acrid or fharp Humors, {trengthens the Stomach, and caufes a = Digefti- on. It opens all the Obftruétions of Liver, Spleen and Gall, and thereby much conduces to the Cure of all fuch Difeafes as arife from thofe Caufes, as windy Swellings of the Spleen, Hepatick-flux, Yel- low Jaundice. Being dropt into the Eyes, it cures almoft all Difeafes affe€ting that Part. It opens Obftructions of the Womb, and provokes the Cour- fes effeftually. Dofe three or four fpoonfils.
XIV. The Decottion of the Leaves and Roots, or Seeds,in Wine. Tho’ this has not altogether fo much Force as the Juice and Effence, yet it is very good for all the fame Intentions, and is much more ufed than either of them, becaufe it is pleafanter; but then it muft be taken in a much greater Dofe. It is an excellent thing to open all Obftruétions in the whole Body, to cleanfe the Blood, to ftop the Hic- cough, and take away Naufeating, to provoke U- rine and the Menftrues, to amend the ill Color in the Face after.a long SicknefS, and to caufe a good Habit thro’ theewhole Body. If fuch as are grown
Herbal. Lib. I.
over fat fhould often drink of it, it would leflen their Fat, abate their Flefh, and much remove their UnweldinefS, making them more nimble, agil and pleafant.
XV. The Syrup. It is one of the greateft of Pe. Storals ; for as it is a powertul Opener of Obftruéti- ons of the Lungs, and Diffolver of their Tartar, fo it famoufly caufes Expe€toration, and gives eafe in Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds, Hoarfeneis, Wheez- ing, ShortnefS of Breath, Difficulty of Breathing, and other like DiflaffeCtions of thofe Parts. If here- with you fweeten well either the Juice, Effence or Decoétion, and let the Patient take two or three ounces three or four times a day, it cures Ulcers of
XVII. The Oi/ by Infolation or Boiling. It is A- nodyne, and eafés all forts of Pains in any Part of the Body, coming from a cold and moift Caufe. It gives eafe alfo in Inflammations, by gently dif cufling fome part of the’ thinner Matter. If it isan Apoftem, which will come to Suppuration, it ha- {tens it, and brings it as much as may beto a point. It eafes the Gout and other Pains of the Joints and
erves. XVIII. The Balfim of the Leaves and Roots. Vt is one of the greateft of Vulneraties, and cures fim- ple Wounds at one Intention, for the moft part at one Dreffing. Iam apt to believe, that this bas for the Cuting of Wounds and Ulcers, &c. is not inferior to any Balfam- made of the greateft Wound- Herbs, as Sanicle, Selfheal, Clowns Wound-wort, All- heal, &c. It digefts fordid and eating Ulcers, clean- fes, incarnates, dries and heals after a very admira- ble manner.
XIX. The Cataplafm. . It gives age eafe in the Gout, being applied, as alfo difcuffes and heals any fimple Contufions ; and applied as hot as can be en- dured to the Sides or Hypochonders, it.eafes the Pains of the Sides, takes away Stitches, and gives — Relief to the Diftempers of the Spleen and Parts adjacent.
XX. The diftilled Water. It is of good Ule, as a Vehicle, to convey other Preparations of this Pk in, and has all the Virtues of the aforegoing Prepa- rations, but in a much lower degree : it is ufed to be dropt into the Eyes agaitift Ophthalmies or In- flammations and Blood-fhot, as alfo againft hot and fharp Rheums, with which the Eyes are commonly afflitted, which caufes Clouds, Films, Pearls, &¢. to breed in them ; but it is better for all chofé Pur pofes, if white Sugar-Candy or clarthed Samay diffolved therein; then if ulcerated, it cleanfes- the Ulcer or Sore, prevents the’ Afflux of Rheum, dries and heals them. G\ os
XXI. The Spirituous Tinfure of the Seed. We famous again{ft Pains, Aches and Sickriefs/of the Stomach, Pains of'the Spleen‘and Womb ; it
SS ee
eafe in the Colick, and prevails againft the Yellow
Jaundice. You may take from two drams to four
in a Glafs.of White Port Wine, at time of Extre-
mity, otherwife Morning and Night, fo long as Need requires. Bathed upon places afteCted with the Gout.or Sciatica, Cramps or Convulfions, in a fhort time it gives Eafe and Kelief:
XXIl. The Acid Treéiure. It cures preternatu- zal Vomitings, Naufeating of Food, want of Appe- tite and Digeltion, the Colick.and the Gout, when by confent ig affli&ts the Stomach ; it warms and wonderfully corroborates that Bowel, reftoring and dtrengthening its Tone, tho’ very much depraved. It is powertul againft the Bitings of mad Dogs, Vi- pers, Rattle-Snakes, and all other and ve- nomous Creatures whatfoever : and after a fingular “manner prevails againft Afthma’s, and all forts of
- Obftru€tions of the Lungs, inciding, diffolving an caufing an Excretion of the tartarous Matter ing them. Dofe fo many drops as to make the Ve- hicle gratefully pleafant in all the Patient drinks.
XXIUL Dhe Oily Tin&ure. t prevails againft ‘Cramps and Convulfions of the Nerves; is power- ful againft the Colick, and all Obftru€tions of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, »whatfoever; ‘breaking any -gritty Stone in ‘thofe Parts, and caufing it, as alio | Gravel and .tartarous Matter to be ex-
spelled by Urine. Bathed-upon the Back-bone, and
upon the Parts affetted with the Palfy, it is very ef-
‘feCtual \in the Cure of that Difeafe, but then you muift anoint therewith Morning and Night, rubbing
sit very well in for a confiderable time. It.gives ane eafe in the Gout and Sciatica ve ato
m.a cold Caufe, and by a conftant rn thereof many times cures thofe Difeafes. Inwardly, to give Relief againft Stone and $ > you may
take from ten drops to thirty in any fit Vehicle.
XXIV. The Saline Tindure. It is good againft Strangury, Stone and Gravel, being given a dram or omore ata time in White Lisbon Wine. Outwardly -bathed upon Parts affetted with Herpes, Tettars, Ringworms, Pimples, Rednefs, Yellownefs, Taw- sninefs, BlacknefS .or Blewnefs of the Skin, as alfo Scurff, Morphew, Scabs, Leprofy, Freckles, Len- -tils, &c.- it quickly takes them away and cures them, annie ufed two or three times a day.
XXV. The Spirit from the Seed, or Fuice fer- mented. It is a fingular Stomatick and Cordial, it aefrefhes, comforts and ftrengthens the Stomach af- ter an. admitable manner, taking away Vomiting, Naufeating, want of Appetite and Indigeftion, &c. It-chears the Heart, revives the Spirits, fortifies the »whole Habit, and makes the. able to with{tand Difeafes. ct fingularly expels Wind, and gives eafe in all griping Pains in the Stomach or other Vifcera. It may be taken to one fpoonful or two, either a- lone of it felf (being dulcified ) or mixt with a Glafs of Wine, every Morning fafting.
XXXVI. Dhe Oil diftilled out of the Seed. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Deco€tion, Sy-
rup, Pouder, Tin€tures and Spirit, and much ex-|
ceeds them.all in irs Potency.and Might of its Ope-; ration. It may be given from four drops to twelve,
fixteen or twenty, according to the Age, and as the
Neceffity of the Occafion may require. In the ufing of it, drop itirft into white Sugar, and mix them well together; then mingle all in a Glafs of Wine, and fo drink it off. This may be done Morning and Evening, or,at the time of any Paroxyfin, {6 long as you fee need. Outwardly .anointed.upon the Wound: or Puncture of a Nerve, it gives immediate Eafe and Relief, anointed down the Back-bone, and
pon the Parts affected witha Paralyfis Morning and Preriodh vibegrendarfaiig reftores the Paralytick Parts, andiin a little time after ¢
eats the Cure,
j soul ‘The Balfam. alfamum Feniculi Vulnerarium. Xt is thus made: Take of Balfam Capivi three cunces, Balfam of Pern Beef-fuet, of each an ounce and balf, “Chymical Oil of Fennel-feed one. ounce, fine Bees-wax half an ounce : melt, mix, and make a Balfam. vis one of the belt of Balfams for green Wounds, efpecially thofe of the Nerves and Tendons, and commonly cures fim- pe green Wounds at once Drefling. 2. Balfamum ettorale. \tisthusmade: Take choice Oi/ of Nut= megs by Exprefhion four ounces, Balfam of Tolu, Chymical Oil of Fennel-[eed, of each one ounce, Bal-
This Balfam is twofold, 1.
Sam of Peru and Capivi, of each half an ounce ; melt,
mix, and make a Balfam. \t is an excellent Pesto- ral ; and being taken to the quantity of a Nutmeg ata time, it not only helps againft Colds, Coughs, Catarrhs, Hoarfenefs, Wheezing, Shortne{S of Breath and Difficulty of Breathing, but alfo cures Ulcers in the Lungs. [t.may be taken Morning and Even- ing. Italfo heals, by outward Application, Wounds of the,Nerves and Tendons, and eafes and takes a- way any Ach or Pain proceeding from a cold Caufe, in any Part of the Body, being anointed upon the Parts aftefted Morning and Evening.
XXVIII. The Pore/tates or Powers. They have all the Virtues of Juice, Effence, Decottion, Tinétures, = and Oil, and are alfo more vola- tile and fubti f
may bathe with the fame twice a day, rubbing the fame well
in. ;
XXIX. The Elixir. As this is the Powers ftill more fortified, fo it is more efficacious in Operati- on, and-may be given to all the Intentions and Pur- pofes for which the Poteftates are given. Youma
ive from one dram to two in a Glafs of Wine, orning and Evening ; and in cafe of a Paroxyfin or any great Neceffity, at the fame time. It is one of the greateft of all Peftorals, and therefore profi- table againft all Difeafes of the Lungs from a cold and moift Caufe ; and being given in a moft vehe- ment Colick, it gives immediate Eafe ; provokes Urine, and prevails againft the Suangury.
XXX. The fixed Sait. It admirably abforbs A- cids inthe Stomach and Lungs, deftroys the Tartar of the Lungs, Reins, Bladder and Joints, and there- fore «prevails api all fuch Difeafes as proceed from-that Caufe. It is alfo peculiar in opening all ObftruCtions of the Vifcera, and in particular thofe of the Womb. Dofe from ten grains to a f{cruple or more.in/any ‘fit Liquor.
CXL. The Liguor of Fennel. It is made two ways: I. /Take the green Stalks of Bexve/ towards the end. of Summer, and whilft green put one of theit-ends into.the Fire, which hold there for a lit tlewhile, fo,will a certain Liquor drop out there- from ,at the other end, which receive and keep for Ufe. :kt,as.a very good thing for the Eyes, for it {tops any “Rheum or Detluxion, heals Blood-fhot, and «clears the Sight from any Mifts, Clouds or Films. 2. Guta hole in a green Fennel Stalk.as it grows, about afoot or more from the Ground, near the mpper part of the Joint, and put thereinto white Sugar-Candy in fine pouder, as much as it will hold, then ftop. it clofe up.with Wax, and Leather tied over it, fo,as nosRain or Wet may fall into ir: when it has remained three or four days or more,
lace a good piece,of foft Wax.a little below the ower Joint of the fame Internode, fo formed as that it may make,a litele hollow Gutter, and a little a- bove this Gutter, at the lower part-of the Joint, cut another hole, fo will a Liquor diftil therefrom , Yy which
346
7
which, by means of the Gutter, you may receive in a Veilel, which keep for Ufe. This has all the Vir- tues of the former, and full as beneficial for fore, blood-fhot, dim, cloudy and blemifhed Eyes as the other, being dropt into them three, four, five or fix times a day, as you fee need requires. XXXIL The Gum of Fennel, or its Infpiffate Juice, Vt has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, and may be given from one dram to two, diflolved in any fpecitick Liquor or Wine. If this Gum or Juice is diffolved in fome of the diftilled Water, and {weetned a little with white Sugar-Candy, and it is given to Nurfes to drink, it breeds much Milk in their Breafts: and if it is dropt into the Eyes, it very much clears the Eyes from Clouds, Mitts, Films, Blood-fhot, and other like Matters which obfuicate the Sight. In Southern Climes, and ver
» hot Countries, it Fenne/-Stalks are wounded whil
they are green and growing, the Juice will exfudate and become this naturalGum: but in our cold Countries, it yields not to this Operation ; there- fore we are obliged to make the faias by Expreffi- on; and then to infpiffate it by a gentle Evaporati- on on a Sand Hear, till it is seokttiy dry.
CHAP. CCLIL Of FENNEL Sweet.
L HE Names. It is called in Greek, Mdeabesy yavuesy: in Latin, Feniculum dulce Mattbi- olt, Feniculum vulgare Lugdunenfis ; and in Eng- lijh, Sweet Fennel. Il, The Kinds. It is the fecond general Species of the Feanels ; but differs in Sweetnefs according to the Country in which it grows.
rf) Sy) yy Ih SNA
/ Aes, Lah, i We oe NY Wy VEZ
ZIV WI SO j\ iol) 7 SEN es y We x FP) AW ili ZeR y - ea tre Lp, pe Sao Tay me A) 18 WN 2h NO CANIN AW ANES NS AMON LA | Nia Sy Za WV) Hipp \ ) YW
Salmons Lirbal;
Lib. I.
Ill. The Defcriptions. Thés in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers and Manner of Growing, is per- fettly like our Common Fennel,. excepting that it neither in Foreign Climates, where it grows natural. ly, nor yet here with ws in England, does grow fo large, or rife to fo great a height ax the Common large Garden kind does : and with us it with fome difficulty endures ihe Hardnefs of our Winters? but the Seed of this is much larger and longer than that of the Common kind, yellower, and very much {weeter in Tafte, coming near to the SweetnefS of Anifeed, which fo continues in hot Countries, but holds not out any long time to that Perfeétion ; nei- ther as to its Magnitude, Color or SweetnefS; but decaying yearly, does at the third Years Sowing reste as ordinary Seed as the Common kind.
IV. Nota. 1. From this be may obferve, that it is the Clime and change of Soil which caufes this Alteration, making it either larger or finaller, long- er or fhorter, yellower or paler colored, and makes it to be either fweeter or bitterér in Tafte ; which Change of Accidents has made fome think, that there were divers forts of this Sweet ind, whereas indeed there is no more than one. ee
V. Nota. 2. There isa kind of Fenel, which the Italians call Cardums Fennel, and which would make different ftom this Sweet kinds but it is no fuch thing, for it is only the Art of ordering it, which feemingly makes the Difference from this Sweet, which is done by Tranfplanting and Whi- tening it, by which means the Leaves are made to grow much more thick and bufhing together than the Ordinary; the Whitning of it alfo giving it a {weeter Rellith, a pleafanter Tafte, and a fhorter CrifpnefS in eating.
VI. The Places. It grows univerfally in almoft all hot Countries ; and flourifhes well enough in our Gardens, being fown with Foreign Seed every Year, where the Seed it felf comes to Perfettion ; but you ought to fow every Year new Foreign Seed, not the Seed of the Exg/ifh Produftion, becaufe that is very apt to degenerate. es
VII. The Times. It flowers and feeds with usin Fuly and Asif, and if it is an early and warm Spring, towards the latter end of Fume ; and the Seed is ripe in Axguft or September. at
VILL. Ihe Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of this, are the fame with the Common Fennel in the former Chapter, faving that this is ac- counted the more “excellent and efficacious of the two ; and therefore to the Difcourfe and Se€tions of
the former Chapter I fhall wholly referr you.
CHAP. CCLIV, ) © Of FENNEL Wild, |
CiRigwa i a HORSE--FENNEL ©
2.
L.° HE Names. Iv is called in Greek, Mdesten ogesov, ag : in Latin, Marathrum
agreftis, Feniculum fylveftre, Hippomaratbron, and
in Engh, Wild Fennel, and Horfe Fennel. = Il. ‘The Kinds. It is the third Species of Fennel,
and is threefold, viz. 1. Feniculum fyloefire com-
munis, Feniculum erraticum Matthioh, The o
| | |
Englifo Herbs. 249 {trong Smell, almoft ftinking. This Plant is taken notice of by A/pinws libro de Exotich..
Chap. 255. or common Wild Fennel. 2. Femiculum fylveftre Creticum, Hippomarathrum Creticum, Honorii Bell, Platecumino Creticorum, Great or Horfe Fennel of Candy. 3. Hippomaratbrum fpberocepbalum, Great
round-headed forte Fennel. Anguillara fuppofes the firlt of thefe to be Hippomarathrum verum.
VI. The Places. They all grow naturally in hot places, as Turkey, Barbary, Spain, Italy, &c. The firft was brought to us out of Spain by Boe/; and the reft grow well in our Gardens, being raifed from the Seed brought to us out of their native Coun- tries. /
VII. The Times. They all flower in the end of Summer and beginning of Autumn, as in Fu/y, Au- guft and September , and the Seed is ripe not very long after.
Ill. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of all thefe, are the fame in all refpetts with thofe of our Common Englifh Garden Fennel in Chap. 252. aforegoing ; fo that nothing more need be faid of them. Authors fay, that thefe Wi/d Fen- nels are hotter and ftronger than the Common Garden or Sweet Fennel, and therefore more powerful a-
ainft the Stone; but not fo effectual to encreafé Milk in Nurfes Breafts, becaufe dryer in Quality. Bellus fays, that in Candia they ufe the Seed of the fecond fort to Dye their Hair yellow.
2s)
CH AP. CCLYV.
of FENNEL Hogs, oO Es SULPHUR-W ORT.
“i
(
\
L“P° HE Names. Itiscalled in Arabick, Harbd-
tum: in Greek, Uevxtdey@ : in Latin, Fas niculum Porcinum, Peucedanus and Peucedanum y by Apuleius, Pinaftellus, (1 fuppofe from its Pitchy Smell ;) and in Exglifh, Hogs Fennel, Sow Fennel, Hoar-firange and. Sulphur-wort.
" Il. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common Wild Fennel, bas a Root like to the Common Gar- den kind, and grows up with great Stalks, but few- er than it, baving alfo but few Léaves, and thofe very thinly fet thereon, but fomewhat ftiffer or bard- er in bandling, and fhorter alfo. At the tops of the Stalks grow {mall Umbles of yellow Flowers, not much unlike the Common, {faving that they are leffer, which being pafS'd away, the Seed follows, being fall and a little roundifh.
IV. The fecond, or Great Horfe Fennel, bas a great whitifh Root, not much unlike the former, from whence fprings up a round, but crefted Stalk, three, four or five feet bigh, about the Thicknefs of ones middle Finger or Thumb, having very fine Leaves thereon, but shorter than the Ordinary fort. This Stalk is divided into feveral Branches, bearing at their tops Tufts or Umbles of yellow Flowers, which being paf’'d away, there comes in their places great, large, and almoft round Seed. This is the Plant which Be//ws makes mention of in his firft Epiftle to Clufivs, which is extant in the end of his Hiftory of Plants, whofe Seed, as he there fays, is as large as thofe of Cachrys or Canchrys, Herb Frankincenfe, pg as big as Hordea Decor-
ao ee
348 Salmon’s Herbal, — Lib. L.
AL The Aids. Authors make generally three belonging to Sir Henzy Crifp, and adjoining to his kinds of this Plant, viz. 1. Peucedanwm vulgare, | Houle there. The fecond grows upon the Sea Coafts Peucedanum Germanicum Baxbini, Peucedanum Tra- \\0f Italy, Spain and France, and is only found with &!, Fufchii, Dodonei, & aliorum , Kaniculum Porci-|\us in Gardens. The third was found on Vincent’s- num, Cauda Porcina Tabernmontani, Common or | Rock by Briftol, where Lobel gathered it, and fome Ordinary Hogs Fennel. 2. Peucedunzm Matthioli,\ others: as to this third kind, Gerard fays, that it tinguillare & aliorum, Peucedanum majus, & ma-\ grows not above a foot high, and % in Shape and jus Italicum Lobelii & Lugdunenfis, The greater} Leaves like to the True Peucedanum, or car firft Hogs Fennel. 3. Peucedanum minus, Peucedanum) kind: but Fabnfan, (the facceflive Author of that
facie perpufilla Lobelii, Peucedanum Pannonicum Clufii, Small Hogs Fennel : this both Baxbinus and Clufivs fappofe to be the Saxifraga fecunda. Mat-
thiol.
Ml The Deferiptions. The firft, or Common Hogs Fennel, har a Root thick and long, fometimes almoft as large or thick as a Man’s. Thigh, black without and white within, of a ftrong and fulpbure- ous Smell, and full of a. yellow Sap or. Milk, which being extratted, packs grows bard and dry, fmel- ling not much unlike ta Sulphur or Brimftone, which induced fome to call it Sulphur-wort, having, alfo at the top, towards the upper Face of the. a certain Bufh of Hair, of a brown color; fiom a- mong which the Leaves and Stalks do {pring up. From this Root then, fprings up a ftiff and hard Stalk, full of Knees, Knots or ae befet with Leaves, like to Fennel, but greater, coming nearer to Ferula, or rather like to the Leaves of the Wild Pine-tree, (ftom whence, as alfo from the Smell, might come the Name Ping/tel/ms,), At.the tops of the Stalks grow round {poky fis, full of little
cllow Flowers ; which being pafs’d away, do turn into broad brown Seed,
IV. The fecond, or Great Hogs Fennel, basa Root growing great and deep into-the Earth, with-many other Branches and Fibres about them, having a Strong Smell, like bot or melted eo which be- ing cut, yields forth a yellowifh Milk or clammy Pee, almoft like toa Gum. From the Head of this
oot proceeds feveral long branched Stalks, of thick and fomewhat long Leaves, three for the moft part joined together at a-place ; among which rifes up a crefted Stalk, ftrait, and near as thick as a Common Fennel Stalk, with fome Joints thereon, and Leaves growing thereat; towards the top of which it fpreads it felf out into feveral Branches, and on the tops of the Stalk and Branches.giow feveral Tufts of yellow Flowers, which being pafs’d away, there comes fomewhat flat, thin and yellowifh Seed, twice as large as Fennel Seed.
V. The third, or Small Hogs Fennel, which as the Dwarf kind, has a Root about the Biguefs or “Thick- nefs of a Mans Thumb, Jometimes. greater, fome- times leffer, with a Bufh of Hairs at the top, black- ifh or brownifh on the outfide and whitifh within, with a thick Bark, of a pleafant {weet Taffe at firft, and afterwards fharp: the whole Plant is lefS than the firlt kind before defcribed, having fmaller and fhorter Leaves, of a blewifh green color, ofa little bitter Tafte, but almoft of no Smell. The Stalk is {lender and round, about half: a yard high, which fpreads it felf into feveral Branches, at the tops of which grow fmall Tufts of white. Flowers in an Umble ; which being pafs’d away, there ficceeds thick fhort Seed, amen like Parfley Seed, but of an Afh color, and of a bitter. fharp Tafte.
VI. The Places. The firft,grows in many places of this Kingdom, as in the fife low Marfhes near Fever/ham in Kent, and in the Meadows adjoining, where it is found plentifully., alfo on the South fide of a Wood belonging to Waltham , at the Nofe in} Effex, by the Highway fide; alfo at Whit/table in} Kent, ina Meadow near to the §ea fide, fome time|,
Herbal) fays the Stalk is about half a foot high, di- vided into fundry Branches, crefted, broad, bearing at their tops little Umbles of white Elowers, confifting of five Leaves apiece. The Reafon for thefe vari- ous Differences; as to the Height of the Stalk or Plant, I {uppofe muft be from the Variety of the pe where it grows, and from the RichnefS or
overtge the Soil, which makes many Plants, dif: fer in, that Refpett, making one and the fame Herb to be fometimes greater, fometimes leffer.
Dive Hogs= - ‘aaa \ A]
f, Q A> pe
VII. The. Times. They. all flower in the end of Summer, viz. in Fudp.and,Auguft, and, the Seed is ripe foon after.
VIIL The Qualities. Hogs Fennel is hot in the fecond Degree.and dry inthe third: it is Attra&ti Aftringent, Cleanfing, Anodyne, Carminative a Traumatick, or Vulnerary. ; Cephalick, Neurotick, Pectoral, Hyfterick and. Arthritick ; Carhartick, Ptarmick-and Alexipharmick, .
IX, The Specification. tis finguise good haga Afthma’s, Strangury, Fits of the Mother, and Ob- {tructions of the Spleen.
X. The Preparations. You may. have-thereftom, 1. A liquid Fuice of the Rest. 2. An Infpiffate Fuice. 3. A Decottion of tbe, Reot in Wine or Wa- ter. 4. A Pouder of the: Root: 5. A Cataplafm. 6. A Balfam. 7. A Spirituous Tintlure. 8, An Acid Tintlure. 9. An Oxy. Tintlure. the
The Virtues. XI. The. liquid Fuice of the Root.
with a little Vinegar and Rofewater, or with a lit- tle Expborbium in fine pouder, it makes a g
If it is mixed ~~
=a eee
Chap.256. Ezgli/h Herbs.
rhine to purge the Head of pituicous, cold and moift Humors, and fo does good to. thofe who are trou- bled with the Megrim, long and inveterate Head- achs, Vertigo, Lethargy, Epilepfy, Apoplexy, Phren- iy, MadnetS, Palfy, and a9 other Difeafes of the Nerves and Tendons. - Given,to two or three {poon- fuls in.a Glafs of White Lisbon, it purges the Belly gently, expels Wind, difcuffes the Hardnefs of the Spleen, and eafes the After-pains of Women in Child-bed.
XII. The Infpiffate Fuice. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid, being diffolved in Wine or Water, and ufed. in the fame manner: diffolved in Wine and dropped into the Ears, it eafes the Pains in them, and put into an hollow Tooth, it eafes the Pain Syn diffolved in Water, and given to fuch
as are troubled with Vapors or Fits of the Mother, |
ir cures them: diffolved in Wine to the ThicknefS of Turpentine, it cures the tig #08 of Childrens Navels, when, they ftick forth, being applied with good Bandage: and given to one or two drams, dif
lved in White Lisbon, or Port Wine, it provokes the Terms in Women, and facilitates the Birth, brings forth both Child and After-birth.
I. The Decottion of the. Root in White Lisbon or Port Wine. It has all the Virtues of the liquid and infpiffate Juices, but in a much lefS degree of Efficacy: fweetned. with Honey, or Sugar-Candy, it is, good, for Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, Afthma’s, Shortnef§, of Breath and Difficulty of Breathing, ex- pels Wind, and gives eafein the Colick. Dofe four,
or eight ounces three or four times a day. It is: a good Lotion to wafh moift running Sores withal, for it cleanfes and dries them, ftrepgthens the Part, and induces the Healing.
XIV. The Pouder aris Root. Being put into in- veterate and foul Ulcers, running Sores, and fuch like of difficult Cure, it cleanfes them throughly, removes any Splinters of broken Bones, or other’ things in the Flefh, ftrengthens the Part admirably againft Defluxions, dries them, induces their Cica- trizing, and perfettly heals them ; and therefore is alfo of extraordinary Ufe to be put into fuch Oint- ments and Balfams as are Vulnerary, and applied to the Cure of ftubborn and rebellious Ulcers, iftula’s, and the like. This Pouder being taken to a dram or more, mixed with the Seed of Garden Rue half a dram, and taken in Wine and Water mixt, or in Water alone, it allays Vapors from the Spleen and Womb, and cures Fits of the Mother.
XV. The Cataplafm. \v is good to be applied to the Bitings of mad Dogs, Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, and. other Serpents and venomous Creatures ; for by its powerful attraftive Force, it draws forth all the Venom and Poyfon from the Part, and fecures the Life of the Patient : but this is to be underftood, that it muft be made of the green Root beaten toa Pulp, and it will be fo much the better, if half the quantity of Garlick be added to it, and alfo that it be applied to the Wound whilft it is recent, or pre- {ently after it is made. This Cataplafm draws forth likewife Thorns, Splinters, and fuch like things which are got into and ftick in the Flefh ; and it is good againft Pains and Aches of the Joints, or a- ny other Parts, proceeding from Cold and Moi
{ture.
XVI..The Balfam. It is good for cleanfing, dry- ing and healing of old Sores, putrid and foetid UL cers, and the like, in any Part of the Body. It is an excellent thing againft the Sciatica and Gout, whether in Hands, Arms, Legs or Feet ; and gives eafe in any other Pain, as alfo in Tumors or Swel- lings, bringing Apoftems to Suppuration in a little time: it warms, comforts and ftrengthens any Part
bilitated thro’ Cold, or a Flux of Humors upon
349
XVI. The Spiritueus Tinture of the Root. It powertully warms and comforts a cold Stomach, cleanfes and incalidares the Womb, facilitates the Birth, and brings both it and the After-birrh away, It is good againft fainting and fwooning Fits, and all cold and moift Diftempers of the Head, Brain and Nerves, as Vertigo’s, Apoplexies, PBilepfies, i Convulfions, Palfies, and the'like, being inwardly taken, and outwardly applied ro the Parrs affetted. Dofe fiom one to two drams in fome {pecifick Vehicle Morning and Night, .
XVI. The Acid Tintture. It cures Naufeouf: nef§ and Vomiting, and fo abfolutely ftrengthens a weak Stomach, that there are for that purpofe but few things better It is a fingulap thing to fupprefs bel and Le ne oid na i i expels Wind, an eafe ick. upon places affetted with the Go ? cures it. It caufés a good
twenty drops or mote in a Glaf$ of generous Wine being firft well mixt with white Sugar, and that
C XP. eceivi. Of FENUGREEK Garden.
I. HE Names. Itis called in Arabick, Osba
Hebe and Helbe : in Greek, Tins by Diof- corides 5 Béxse@ Tbeopbrafti, a Cornu fimilitydine five fit Capri vel Bovis, the crooked Seed-Veflels being fo like to their Horns ; xegitns, % droxiees Lip pocratis: in Latin, Fenumgrecum, Fenum Grecum, for that Columella lib. 2. cap. 11. fays the Greeks had two times of fowing it, the one before Winter, to be: Fodder for their Cattel, the other in February, for Seed ;: for which Reafon he calls it, Si/iqua ; Pliny calls it, Silicia; and Varro, Sificula: in Eng- hifh- we call it, Fenugreek, which is as much as to fay, Greek Hay.
I. The-Kinds. They are principally two, vis. i. Faenumgracum fativum, Garden Foenugreek, of which in this Chapter. 2. Fenumgrecum /ylveftre Wild Foenugreek, of which in the next.
IH. ~ wpe ame a bas a Root which zs fmall, and made of many Fibres, perifbing every Year after it has perfetted its Seed; lefts Relat from
this Root {pring forth fometimes but one, fometimes two or three long, flender, trailing, hollow, green Stalks, which fpread themfelves out into feveral Branches; on which do grow, at feveral {paces, ma- ny Leaves, almoft like thofe of the Meadow Tretoil, leffer, green on the upper fide, but
tending
but rounder
ae il
,
250 ~Salmon’s
tending to an Afh color or grey on the lower fide , they are always three {@ together on a toot flalk, al- moft round at the ends, and a little dented about the edges. From the Joints of the Sralks, with thefe Leaves, come forth {mall white Flowers, not much unlike to Pew/e Blooms, but much lefs ; which be- ing pafs’d away, after them, follow long, flender, natrow, flattifh, crooked Cods or Horns, fmall or fharp pointed, in which are contained fimall, une- ven cornered Seeds, of a yellowiih color; which being dryed, have indeed a pretty ftrong Smell, but not unpleafant.
IV. The Places. It grows almoft in all parts of the World: in Foreign Countries they fow whole Fields of it, for Fodder for their Cattel ; but with us it is only fown in Gardens, and yet it grows as well here as in any other place.
V. The Times. In Foreign Nations they fow it for Seed in the end of January or beginning of Febru- ary; but we in Ezg/and {ow it not until Apri/; and it flowers with us in the beginning of Fu/y, and the Seed is ripe in the end of Augu/t or beginning of September : but for Food for Cattel, it is fown be- fore Winter, as is before hinted.
VI. The Qualities. Galen fays it is hot in the fecond Degree and dry in the firft: it is Aperitive, Cleanfing, Aftringent and Vulnerary ; a good Pegto- ral and Hyfterick ; and withal Cathartick, purging away gro{s Humors.
VIL. The Specification. It is peculiar againft the Dyfentery and other Fluxes of the Bowels, as alfo a Gonorrhea.
Vill. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. The prepared Pulfe or Seed. 2. A De- cottion in Wine. 3. A Bathe. 4. A Meal. 5. A Muacilage. 6. An Oil. 7. A Cataplafm 8% A Fuice con the Leaves.
The Virtues.
IX. The prepared Pulfe. They bury it a while in Earth or Sand till it fprouts a little, to make it {weet ; then it is carried to the Market tobe fold
5 Herbal. Lib.
for Food. This, fays A/pinus, the /Egyptians eat and Galen fays it was ufed (among the Grecians) in his time, for that it makes fuch as eat it togrow fat, and therefore is thought to cure Confamptions, and to be good for Confumptive People. Thofe Eajflern People did ufe to eat it-as they did Lupins, for that it was more agreeable than Lwpins, having nothing in its own proper Subftance which is ob- noxious : fometimes the Pulfé is preferved in Pickle, and fo eaten to keep the Body foluble.
X. The Decottion in Wine. t mollifies the Hard- nef of the Spleen and Womb, and eafes the Pains of thofe Parts, opens their Obftructions, and is good againft Hypochondriack Melancholy, makes fmooth the Bowels, and helps the Difeafe called Tena/mus, which is a defire often to go to Stool, without do-: ing any thing. It prevails againft a Dyfentery or ° Bloody-Hux, and all other Fluxes of the Bowels. Se) mem to the Forehead with Cloths dipt therein, it {tops the Flux of Humors to the Eyes, eafes their Pains, and takes away their Inflammation. Ufed alfo in Clyfters, it is faid to be good againft the Stone, by opening and mollifying the inward Parts, It cures Ulcers in the Inte/tinum Refum and the o- ther Guts: drunk to the quantity of half a pint, it
urges and cleanfes the Stomach of grofS and evil
umors. If the Decoétion is made with Dates and Honey, it mundifies or cleanfes the Breft and Lungs, caufes Expe€toration, and heals Ulcers of thofe Parts. The Decoftion being made in Wine or Wa- ter, and given inwardly half a pint or more at a time, Morning and Night, for fome days together, cures a Gonorrheea. Alexis.
XI. The Bath. It is made by boiling the Seed in Water till it is broken. If Women fit in it as hot as they can endure, it opens Obftructions of the Womb, and (if it be about the time ) provokes the Terms. Bathed upon Parts affected with the Gout, it eafes the Pain thereof, and removes Aches which come of Cold: it is alfo good to wafh the Hair | and Head, and to cleanfe it from Scurff, Morphew and dry Scabs. It heals Ulcers of the Womb, ein the Part, cleanfes, dries and reftores its
one.
XII. The Meal or Pouder.. Taken to two drams mixed with a little Honey, it is Pe€toral, and caufes an Excretion of many pernicious Humors which lodge in the Stomach and Guts, maturates inward Apoftems, cleanfes Ulcers in the Breft and Lungs, and heals them, and eafes the griping Pain of the Bowels : but in fome People it is apt to overturn | the Stomach or caufe a Loathing, efpecially in fuch ; as are weak and tender; but troubles not fuch as have ftrong Stomachs, as have moft of your robuft Country People. |
)
XIII. The Mucilage. Applied to the Joints, it gives eafe in the Gout and other like Pains. Ap- lied to the Forehead with Cloths dipt therein, it tics Fluxes of Humors to the Eyes, eafing their Pains and Inflammations. Taken inwardly with Honey, it is Pe€toral, and caufes an Expe€toration of thick, tough and grofs Humors out of the Breft : and Lungs, and is profitable againft Coughs, Colds, Siac Afthma’s, and other Difeafes of thofe arts. .
XIV. The Oil, made by Expreffion or Infolation. Lobel fays it is of more Virtue than will be belie- ved ; and that it is good to diffolve hard Tumors or Kernels, difcuffes {cirrhous Swellings, mollifiesthe —
t. ‘
Intrails, Womb and other Parts, removes Scurff
Morphew, and cleanfés, dries and heals Ulce
Se. The Catapl sf, 10 vi - Lhe Cataplafm. it
ith other ‘pra
Meal, mixed wi is made by boiling it to a Th
Chap. en Englifh Herbs. 351
is Emollient, and waftes away hard Swellings. If] Joints Flowers like to thofe of the Garden kind,
it ismade with Vinegar and Nitre, it cools all man-| but which were leffer, and alfo ftanding fingles
ner of Infammations, foftens hard Tumors, and] which being pafs’d away, Cods or Horns facceed,
caufes them to wafte away, it eafes the Pain, and | which are broader and more flat, and ending ina
fottens the Hardnefs of the Spleen. Applied to the | fmall Thread, in which is contained the Seed, which
running Sores of the Head, called "Agwess, Achores, | is alfo lefs.. -
it cleanfes, dries and heals them : and if it is alfo ce. 5
applied to weak and feeble Parts, whether ulcera-] V. The Places. They both grow Wild in Spain
ted or not ulcerated, it ftrengtlfens them ; and it} and Ita/y, but with us are only nurs’d up in Gar-
ulcerated, cleanfes, dries and heals them. Made | dens. : : a a
with Linfeed and Marfh Mallow Roots, itisanex-| VI. The Times. They flower with us in 7#/y,,
cellent Emollient, and alfo a Maturative, where the | and the Seed is ripe in Auguf? ot September. ,
Tumor will be brought to Suppuration. The Meal] VIL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and ; heaten up with Goofe-Greafe made into a Peffary, | Virtues of thefe, are not declared by any Author 5
and put up the Womb, foftens the HardnefS there-| but if one may make a Judgment by the Form,
of, opens its Obftruftions, and mollifies all the Parts | Smell, Tafte, Subftance and mucilaginous Proper- adjacent to it. Made into a Cataplafm, by boiling } ties of the Herbs and their Seed, they differ not from . it up with the beft White Wine Vinegar, and appli-| thofe of the Garden kind in Chap. 256. aforego« | ed to the Tefticles, it is an excellent thing to foften } ing. and abate any hard Tumor or Swelling there, and to eafe the Pains thereof. Applied alfo to the Joints, it eafes the Pains of the Gout.
XVI. The liquid Fuice of the Leaves. Phyficians feldom ufe any thing of this Plant befides the Pulfe or Seed , yet Experience has informed us, that if the Juice of the Leaves is taken with Honey, that it purges the Body by Stool from all corrupt and obftru€tive Humors, cleanfes the Stomach and Bow- els, and by reafon of its mucilaginous Subftance, al- leviates the SharpnefS of the Tice and eafes the Tortions of the Guts: and by reafon of its clean- fing-and fcouring Faculty, it expeftorates tough and fharp Humors out of the Breft and Lungs : this it more effectually Performs, if it is made into a Lo- hoch, with Pulp of fat Dates.
CHAP. CCLVIII. Of FERN Male.
L4P* HE Names. This Plant is called in Ara-
bick, Sarax: in Greek, Tigigis % Tinker, be- caufe the Leaves are like to the Wings of Birds: in Latin, Kilix , and in Englifh, Fern.
CHAP. CCLVIL
ry
" is
of FENUGREEG Wild.
( tNAanany Wan?
SCTE Ni
IT’ HE Names. It is called in Greek, Tins dycia: in Latin, Fenum Grecum fylveftre ; and in Englifh, Wild Fanugreek.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Fanum Grecum fylveftre majus, The greater Wild Foenu- greck. 2. Fenum Gracum {ylueftre minus, The lef- fer Wild Foenugreek.
A\e = Sh wit 4
CZ Wy
Lely Gl dd neon em
(7? / Z NE PAINS <n A
} °
IA
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater Wild kind, bas a Root which is thick, tough and pli- ant, having fome Fibres adjoining thereto, ea which {pring forth feveral Stalks, which are round, and peruse themfelves forth into many Branches, which are full of Knees or Foints, not much unlike to the Garden kind. From each Joint proceeds a fall tender Foot-ftalk, upon which do grow three Leaves, and no more, fomewhat fnipt about the edges, like as the former, or fomewhat like to thofe of Saint Foine or Burgundy Hay : and from the fame Joints alfo come forth fmall yellow Flowers, like unto the Manured, which ftand more together at the end, bringing forth fmall long Cods, like thofe ; of the Garden, and which contain within them| J. The Kinds. There are many kinds of Ferz, fmaller and darker Seed. as, 1. Kilix Mas, called by Nicander in Theriacis,
IV. The fecond, or Leffler Wild kind, has a tough | Bysieor, % Baixver, Male Fern, (and yet this very creeping Root, with fome Fibres thereat, from the \ Species Anguilara, Cefalpinus and Gefner call Fr- ‘Head of which Root rifes up but one flender Stalk,\ mina) of which we fhall treat in this Chapter. 2. and but feldom branched, f about a foot high, and | Filix Femina, Female Fern, of which in Chap. 259. Sealy, asit were, at the bottom , upon which does | 3. Filix Querna, Oak Fern, of which in Chap. 260.
[uch like as the former, and at the} 4, Filix Saxatilis, Rock or Stone Fern, of cae , tp,
>
352 Salmons Chap. 261. 5. Kilix Korida, Aquatica, vel palu- Stris, Water Fern, or Ofmund Royal, of which in Chap. 262. To thefé you may add, 6. Polypodium, Filicula, Polypodie. 7. Lonchitis afpera, Rough Spleen-wort, or Eftridges Fern. 8. A/plenum cete- rach, Smooth Spleen-wort, of all which in their Rigpet places. ; Ill. The Male kind is that which we treat of in this Chapter, and is called by Nicander, Bletbron. It is, 1. Filix mas vulgaris, Our common Male a2 2. Filix mas aculeata, Filix mas aculeata mi- or Baubini, Prickly Male Fern. 3. Filix mas acu- leata major Baubini, The greater prickly Male Fern.
IV. The Defeription. The firft, or Common Male Fern, has a Root conjifting of a brown, fcaly, thick Head, from which Head nothing but a multi- tude of fmall, black, bairy Fibres or Strings proceed, growing from the lower parts thereof: from this Head of the Root {pring forth feveral bard, rough, unbranched Stalks of winged Leaves, naked or bare at the lower ends. Thefe at the beginning of the Spring you may perceive to come forth of their fold- ing Clufters, covered with browmih Seales at the Su- perficies of the Earth, is clofely joined together.
A young Plant bas but a few Leaves, but an old one | Le
has ten, twelve, or more. Each Stalk of Leaves, at its lower end, near the Joining to its Fellows, at its firft appearing, before it is an inch long has fome of thofe black fibrous Roots for its Nourifh- ment. The Leaves being come to their full Growth, have each of them a threefold Divifion, (as has the Female Fern,) 1. The main Stalk. 2. The fide Branches growing from it. 3. The Nerves grow- ing on thofe fide Branches bearing e Leaves. The main Stalks of fome of thefe Leaves, are fometimes one, tWo, three or four feet. in Length or Height,
which are full of thofe brownith Seales towards the | f
Root, where'they are naked of Leaves, as aforefaid. Thefe Stalks of Leaves confift of many fide Branches of Leaves up to the tops, with one Leaf at the end, and they ate fet ‘on both fides thereof, not fully oppofite, but, as it wete, in the middle, between two Branches of Leaves on the contrary fide, each Branch of Leaves not fully divided, but deeply nicked in on the edges, all of them of a pale green color, hard and dry, or without Sap, broadeft at the bottoms, and fmalleft towards the tops: on the backfide of which there are certain brownifh {mall Spots, which are faid to be the Seed, for by the falling of it this Plant does wonder en- creafe. ‘Fhe main Stalks of thefe Leaves are firm, flat on one fide and round on the other fide, naked of Leaves from ten'to twenty inches, (aceorditig to the Height thereof ) where the firft fide Branches of Leaves begin; the longeft of which fide Branches are the third pairs from the Root, being in fome Plants, fix, feven, eight or nine inches long ; and from this longeft pair they grow fhorter and fhorter towards the top, and ate many times in number fourteen, eighteen or-twenty pairs : for the moft part towards the Root they grow. by-touples, al- moft oppofite ; but as they grow highér towards the tops, they grow not Oppofite, barint be tween their Oppofttes. The Leg Branches, are from an fuch to’
middle, be- ‘On the fide san!fach and half long, and fo grow thorter and {horter towards
the tops of the faid fide Branches or Wings, from’ twelve or fourteen to. twenty in number on each fide: the longeft Wing or fide Branch. ‘ The fall Leaves | - . and is threefold, wis. 1. Fiix Femina vulgaris,Our common Female Fern : bus fener ia. dewris calls it
grow by couples for the moft pat on the’ Nerve, each Leaf being a little cut in on the edges, each ‘Dent ending with a fharp Point, . ers the up- per fide, and paler on the under,fide, ‘each Leaf ha-
ving two Rows of dufty red Scales, of a brown or'|.dentatis, -
‘Herbal. Lib. I.
blackifh color. Towards the top of the main Stalk thofe fide Branches change into Nerves, bearing on- ly the Leaves. When the Leaves are at their full Growth, you may fee in the midft of them at their Roots, the faid fcaley folding Clufter; and as the old Leaves, with their black thready Roots, whol- ly perifh, fo the faid fcaley folding Clufter {prings up again; but in warm places, you will many times find the old Leaves green all the Winter.
V. The fecond, or Prickly Male Fern, differs not much from the former, but only that the winged Leaves are not dented in, but whole, having a {mall Prick at the end of each of them, and growing not fo high. This Parkinfon thinks to be the Filix mas aculeata minor Bawhini , but thinks, that there is but little difference between it and his major.
VI. Gerard defcribes that which he thinks to be Filix mas aculeata major Baubint after this manner : The Leaves of this are of a deeper green than either of the former, and are placed on the Nerve not very clofe rogetber, but that you may plainly fee between them; each Leaf ( efpecial thofe next the Stalk) having om that fide in eft Fy ¢ Stalk, a large Ear or Outgrowing, ending with a Sharp Prickle, and very fine or fmall, as deh aif the top of the
af. Some of the fides of the Leaves are alfo notched or dented in, ending with the like Prick or Hair , and each Leaf has two Rows of dufty Seed-
Scales.
VII. The Places. They all grow on Heaths and open places of Hills, as alfo in granny Sees by ields fides ; and are frequent in many Counties of England. firft grows plentifilly in the boggy, fhadowy Moors near Durford Abby in Suffex , as al- fo on the moift fhadowy Rocks by Maple Durham in Hampfhire, near Petersfield : it has alfo been ound ing on the old rotten Stocks or Bodies of Oaks, near the faid Moors The fecond grows in fhadowy Woods and Copfes. The third Mr. John Goodyer found growing on the fhadowy moift Rocks by Maple Durbam near Petersfield, afore-
named.
Vit The Times. They feldom keep their Stalks with their Leaves green in Winter, but fend forth new. from the Root in the Spring, which at their firft rifing are brownifh and folded in round as a- forefaid : the time when thefe Heads or on the bas ot aes are tibe A se * all. is Midfum- i mer; a ing on t ound, do {pring again, | by which the Plane is encreafed, as |
IX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, | Virtues.and Ufes of the Male Ferns, are the fame with thofe of the Female, related: in the next Chap- ) ter, and thither I -referr you. . |
C H AP. CCLIX. Of FERN Femle
I. HE Names. Itis called isGreek, Oaavatteie, ; Nuppeuariies, Thely pteris and NV
ris: in Latin, Filix Femina; and in Englifh, Fer
male Fern, Brake or Common sa lptare
Il. The Kinds. It is the pe Senor
Mas, and, Bauhinus in his | ram) nulis ahesdigsor dentatis. 2« Kilix Kamina pi. iix: Femina alteratenuifolia halis
»
Chap. 25 9. ~ Englifh Herbs.
male Fern dented: 3. Filix Femina pinnulis acule- atis ; Filix ramofa minor innulis dentatis Baubint Preridium mafcul.m Cond: 7 Thalii, Female Fern {harp-pointed.
Female Fern.
ae
ovvrnt
Il. The Defcriptions. ‘The firff, or Common Female Fern, has a Root which is long, and flenderer than the former, of about a Fingers Thicknefs, and blackifh for the moft part, creeping under Ground : from this Root rifes up but one Stalk, (feldom two) which is round, chamfered, and fometbing edged,
growing sometimes bigher than the Male, and branched forth into fuch like winged Leaves, grow- ing on both fides, like to the Leaves of the Male Fern, but lejjer, fet on both fides thereof, for the -moft part one again another, and more dented than the Male, yet not sharp, but round-pointed, of as firong a Smell as the former, and having the like Spots on the backfides of them. This Stalk (as alfo
e Root, as fome fay ) being cut aflope fomewhat long, will in the white Pith thereof have fome cer- tain Refemblance or Form of a fpread Eagle.
IV. The oo or Dented Female Fern, bas a Root like the former , from which Springs up one main Stalk, which is fuller of Branches, and grows not up fo bigh as the other, nor Jo firaight :_it has alfo {mall winged Leaves, like the firft or Common Female, which are fet on each fide of the middle Rib, but fomewhat fharp-pointed, of a more fad green color, and narrower than the other, and {pot- ted on the backfide ; but in any thing elfe little dif- fering from the firft Female kind.
V. The third, or Sharp-pointed Female Fern, from a pretty thick black Root, Phew forth the main Stalk, which is about a foot in Height, and branches it felf out into winged Leaves, each of which is not coneet, but whole, and ending in a fmall Prick or
oint.
VI. The Places. The firft grows more frequent- ly than the Ma/e kinds on barren Heaths and e- in moft soillyp the Kingdom, and indeed
in almoft all dry and defert places. The
two latter grow rather on moift Rocks and fhady Hills.
= eee et Oe
away its pochondr ing and Nig ing,
Barrennefs. and malign Ul and drys u fpeedy Healing. away. both Birth
Female Fern Dented.
XI. The green the Belly, cleanfing the Bowels of colerick and wa- ey alfo at the fame time trou-
caufe either Vomiting or
terifh Humors ; but th ble the Stomach, and Naufeoufiets. Kl. The Decottion of the Roots in Mead or Wine. It kills Worms in the Body, both long and broad, powerfully opens Obftructions of the Spleen, taking Swelling and Hardnefs, and reprefles Hy-
iack Melancholy: Dofe half a pint Morn-
and taking it
Pe
eparations. Youmay have therefrom, 2. A Decottion of the Roots in Mead or White Port Wine. 3. A Pouder of the Roots. 4. An Oil or Ointment. 5. A Mixture. 6+
Afhes, of which Spanifh Barilla is made. The Virtues.
It isu
the putti The
393
oe.
VII. The Times. ‘They flourih at the fame times that the Male kinds do, and their Leaves perifh in Winter in like manner.
VII. The Qualities. Male and Female, hot and Aftringent, Aperitive, retick and Vulnerary
They are all of them, both
in the firlt Degree ;
Abfertive Cofmetick, Diu-
, dedicated to the Liver, Spleen
eaves.
and Womb, Cathartick and Emmenago ick. IX. The Specification. voke the Terms in Women, heal Wounds and cure putrid Ulcers.
X. The Pr 1. The green
Ferns kill Worms, pro-
Leaves. They being eaten purge
ht, fafting an hour after it in the Morn
an hour after Supper.
XII. The Pouder of the Roots. Taken toa dram. inwardly ina Glafs of White Port, it opens Obftru-
Stions of the Liver, Spleen and Womb, and pro-
vokes the Terms :
but the often taking it caufes
and After-birth, being taken.to one Zz dram
fed with fuccefs in foul, putrid cers, for it cleanfes them, incarnates id Moifture, and induces a Pouder of the Leaves, brings
plat ee a oes ho
\ { E & ;
4... Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I
dram in White Wine, and repeated as the Midwife fhall feé occafion.
.. XIV. The.Oi/ or Ointment. It is made by boil- ing the bruifed Root either in Oil or in Hogs Lard till it is crifp, and fo ftraining it our, and repeating the boiling with frefh Roois, in like manner, two or three times. They are faid to be excellent for heal- ing fimple green Wounds and Punftures (tho’ of the Nerves ) in any part. If to every pound of the Oikor Ointment a quarter of a pound of Turpentine be added, it then proves an excellent thing to digeft, cleanfé, incarnate, dry and heal old running Sores and putrid Ulcers. a
XV. The Mixture. Take Pouder of Fern Roots
( Male or Female) one dram, Scammony or Black Hellabor Roots in fine pouder fifteen grains: mix). them for a Dofe. Xt efteftually kills Worms in the Stomach or Belly of what kind foever : it alfo brings = the After-birth of Women in Labor.
VI: The Afbes. Country People make them of
obfcure the thick part thereof. From the Head of this Root {pring up many Stalks of winged Leaves, but not much higher than the former, feldom ex- ceeding feven or eight inches in Height ; but the Leaves upon the Wings are broader. than the other, and fhorter ; al{o more deeply cut in on the edges: they are likewife of a much paler green color, and {potted on the backfide with Spots fomething like to thofe of the Male Fera.
as} + {G tay Py /, / If,
. MN C172.
CHAP. CCLX. Of FERN Oak.
ILS HE Names. cis called inGreek, Sguorttess ; in Latin, Filix Querna vel Quercina, Byverises Orobafit, quafi Filix mufcofa , and in English, Oak Fern: but here is to be noted, that there is another fort of Oak Fern, called Polypodie, which is no Species of the Plant we here intend; and therefore {hall fay nothing of it in this place. Il. The Kinds. This Oak Fern is threefold, viz. 1. Sevorjeels term, Filix Querna repens, Dryopteris repens Lobel, Matthioli, Gefneri aliorumque , Dry- opteris five Flix arborea Tragi, Pterion Famina ordi & Thalii, Creeping Oak Fern. 2. Avenjeeis asuxi, Dryopteris alba, Dryopteris Candida Dodonai, Adianthum album Plinii, Adiantum filicis folio Bau- hint, White Oak Fern. 3. Oxopteris mas, Black Oak Fern.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Creeping Oak Fern, bus @ Root which is fmall and blackifh, creeping under the upper Cruft of the Earth, with feveral fmall black kibres growing from it, and is Somewhat like unto the Root of Polypodie, but much Jmaller and flenderer, and of a more harfh, auftere and flyptick Tafte. From this Root fpring forth fe- veral {lender blackifh Stalks, little more than half a foot high, bearing many {mall winged Leaves, each ftanding againft the other, fomething like to thofe of the Female Fern, but much fimaller and finer, and of a darkifh green color; the backfide of which are not brown, but with white Spots on them, fet ina double Row, as Lobe/ affirms.
IV. The fecond, or White Oak Fern, bag a thick Root, having a Bunch or Knot of blackifh Fibres or Threads growing forth from it, fa many as even to
V. The third, or Black Oak Fern, is both Male and Female: the Male bas a Root made — many Strings, not much unlike the firft Male Fern, but leffer. From the Head of this {pring forth feveral talks of winged Leaves, which are diverfly, but — not fo finely indented : the Stalks and the Ribs of the Leaves are blackifh, but the Leaves themfelves of a deep green color. The Female black Oak Fern is almoft like to the Ma/e, faving that its Leaves are not fo fharp at the Points, and are more white and broad than the Ma/e, in which confifts the chief Differences.
VI. An Obfervation. The firft of thefe deferibed at fet. 3. above, fome Authors fay, 1. does fold its Roots among themfelves, like the Roots of Sage um, but they are not above the BignefS of a Wheat Straw, coal black without, white within, and about fix or feven inches long, having an innumerable company of {mall Fibres like Hairs growing thereto, and is of an aftringent Tafte, enclining to Sweet- nefS. 2. That the Stalks fpring from the Roots in Several places, variable in number, according to the Length and Encreafe of the Root : fome Plants have but one or two Stalks of Leaves, others again have fix, eight, ten, fourteen or fifteen, &c. 3. - the Stalk bas a twofold Divifion, firlt the Stalk grow- ing from the Koot fix or feven inches high and no higher, (and yet fome Authors fay it is abouta foot high: ) fecondly, the Nerve bearing the Leaves: the main Stalk is no bigger than a Grafs Stalk or Bent, flat on the one fide and round on the other, fmooth and green. 4. That the firft pair of Nerves
grow about three inches from the Root, and all the reft following grow by couples, almoft exattly one a- gainjt another, in number about eight, nine or ten pee. the longeft feldom exceeding an inch in
ength. 5. That the Leaves grow alfo on the Nerves by couples, eight or nine couples on a Nerve, of a yellowifh green color, and without any Dents on the edges : yet fome other Authors fay, that the Leaves are like-thofe of the Female Fern, but much lefler, and more finely indented or jagged, fo fine- ly cut in, that in fhew they refembles eathers, fet round about a fmall Rib or Sinew. 6. That the
the Spas in the Ma/e Fern, but fimooth or flat, and < e in each Leaf, clofe unto the middle Rib or inew.
VII. The Places. Thefe do indeed grow in fhadowy thick Woods on Mountains, and fome- times in the open Vallies near them ; as alfo among the Mo/s growing on old’ Trees, chiefly O2ks, whence opt Beem, git the Mb/s on Oaks and
o/s Kern, growing amon: on U2 other Trees, and in the tops of their Trunks when
oe to rot.
lil. The Times. Neither thefe nor any of the other Fervis ( ro Water Fern) have any manifeft Flower or Seed, fo that their Seafons are not to be fpecified: As for the Leaves, they perifh in Win-
»ter, ey forth aftefh in the ,
1X. The Qualities. The firft is hot in the firft Degree and dry in the fourth; Aftringent, biting and very ftyptick in Tafteé, and, as Rondeletius thinks, of a deleterious or mortiferous Quality. The other three kinds are like in all their Qualities to Englifh Maiden-bair ; and therefore, as to their Specification, Preparations and Virtues, we fhall referr you thither.
X. The Specification. The firlt of thefe kills Worms, and deftroys the Roots of the Hair.
XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A Pouder of the Root. 2. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
XII. The Pouder of the Root. Matthjolus fays, that if it is mixed with Salt and Bran, and given to Horfes, that it kills Worms in them: but I fuppofe it muft be repeated Morning and Night for feveral
days.
Xin The Cataplafm. It is made of the Roots and Leaves bruifed and beaten together. Diofcorides fays, that if it is applied to places troubled with Hair after Sweating, (becaufe then the Pores are ~~ and fo give a more ready inlet to the Virtue
of the Medicament) it is a Depatay, or a good Remedy to deftroy the Roots of Hairs.
C HAP. CCLXL Of FERN Rock or Stone.
L*PHE Names. It is called inGreek, Meresserii- exsy Urtes mregia: in Latin, Filix Saxatilis,
Chameafilix : in Englifh, Rock or Stone Fern , alfo mall K CT.
Dwarf ot S:
Enghifb Herbs.
e Filix Mufcofa, which is.a kind of | /7/? Male Fern.
Il. The Kinds. Authors make many kinds here- of, as, 1. Filix pumila faxatiis prima Clufit, The firft Small or Stone Fern of Clufins. 2. Filix pumi- /a faxatilis altera Clufii, The fecond Stone Fern of Clufius. 3. Filix faxatilis fotiis non ferratis, Small Stone Fern, with Leaves nordented. 4. Filix faxa- tilis crifpa, Small cutled Scone Fern. 5. Filicula
fontana, Small Rock Fern. 6. Chamafilix Anglica,
Englifh Dwarf Fern, or Sea Fern. 7. Eilix faxati- lis Tragi, Naked Stone Fern.
III. The Deferiptions. The firft {inall Stone Fern of Clufius, basa long, black and flendér Root, creep: ing under the. a Craft of the Earth, and /pread- ing aflant, with a few flender hard Fibres adjoining thereto. From this Radicle fpring forth fevera Stalks of winged Leaves, about a foot high, which is branched out. into feveral Wings of Leaves, very like unto the Female Fern, but much lefs, much tenderer and delicate than they, and more finely dented on. the edges, and {potted alfo on the Backs of them, like to the other Ferns.
IV. The fecond, or Second Stone Fern of Clufius, has a thick’ Head of a Root, much like to that of the tom which {pring forth many {mall Knobs, with a vaft number of black Fibres or Threads. From this, Head of the Root {pring u feveral ftrait round Stalks of Leaves, green at ale, but blackifh when full grown, about four or five pea {hooting forth winged Leaves from the main Stalk apne with Dentings in on both fides, like unto the Male Fern, but much lefs, and finer, and’ {potted on the back of them, as the for-
mer. V. The third, or Small Stone Fern with Leave not dented, has, a. Root like to. the Male Fern, ans
grows very like it, with Stalks of winged Leav d
faving that they are very much lef$, (as is the whole Plant) and not indented on the edges, but whole or fmooth, like unto the Water Fern.
a The Hite or Sp : eg nee Fern, bag @ Root compofed of . kifh Fibrés, /pringin out from ae thick Head: of @ Root : eee which Head fpring up fmalb Stalks, ftarcely four or five inches high, which:are fet on both fides with ten- der foft Strings of very fall Leaves, fo finely di- vided and dented, thapthey feem curled ; of a dark green color upwards, and paler below towards the bottom, having brownith or reddith Dutt like Spots on the a as, Spleen-wort has,
VII. The fifth, or’Small Rock Fern, zs @ finalf Dwarf Fern, zefémbling: in its Root, Stalks and Leaves the Common Fern, but very much le/;, yea much lefg than any, of the laft deftribed :~ tho’ ir grows low, yet it bufhes out with many fmall and dark green, Leaves, refembling the Ordinary Ferns,
VIEL The fixth, om Englith Dwarf Fern, bas 4 thick brownifh Root, compofed of a multitude of ti- bres on {mall Strings. rom the Head of this Root fpring: up feéveral bright, thining, blackith Stalks, two oF inches high, on which are placed many rougli; thick, fhining, blackifh Leaves, with fome brownifh Spots on them, as other Ferzs have, and ate finely-fnipt about the he
IX. The feventh, or Naked Stone Fern, bas a thick tufted Root, compofed of a multitude-of {mali Fibres: from the Head of which {pring forth many hard and rough Stalks, naked or bare, without ‘Leaves, having fome Spots on them, as the Ferns have: thefe Stalks are only forked at the tops, di- vided into two, and fometimes into three fhort parts, bowing or bending down their Heads, having the Smell and Tafte of Ferz. In my Opinion, as this has not the leaft Refemblance in its Form of Fern, but rather of Gramen or Grafs ; {0 it ought to be
ZZ 2 accounted
256 Salmon’s
accounted one of the Species thereof, but for Com- pany fake with other Authors, I have not contended the Point, but have let it pafs among the Ferns : it is the Holoftium alterum Lobelit.
X. The Places. They all grow in Rocky and Stoney places : the fifth, fixth and feventh, Lobel fays, grow near the Sea in Cornwall, in moift Roc- ky places.
XL. The Times. They {pring up and flourifh at the times when the other Ferns do, and perifh in the like Seafons.
XI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with the Common Male and Female Ferns; and therefore to Chap. 259. a- foregoing, I referr you.
ee nn ne Ea NEEREEERRAEENED
CHAP. CCLXII.
Of FERN Water, OR, OSMUND Royal.
a HE Names. It was unknown to the Greeks, and therefore can have no Greek Name ; but Alorida, Filix aquatica, ris, Filix Lunaria Gef- in Englifh,
It is the fifth Species of Ferns,
it is called in Latin, Filix Ofmunda Regalis, Filix palu neri, Filix latifolia Cordi, ¥ilicaftrum : Water Fern and Ofmund Royal.
I. The Kinds. and a fingular Plant of the kind.
Root, folded, and covered over with man Scales, having in the middle of the great and bard woody part thereof a fmall white Pith, which by fome is called the Heart of Ofimund the\
and interlacing Roots,
Herbal. Lib. I. Water-man : from this Root fhoot forth in the Winter time feveral hard rough Stalks, half round, and hollowifh or flat on the other fide, which grow up to the height of two feet, having fundry Branches of winged dette green Leaves, {pread out onall fides, and fet and not indented on the edges, as the Common Ferns Male and Female. From the tops of fome of thefe Stalks grow forth a long Bufh of fimall fcaley Spikes, as it were, of a more yellowith green co- lor, fet on the fame manner on the Stalks as the Leaves are, which by fome Authors are accounted the Flowers and Seed, tho’ others again as much deny it.
IV. The Places. It grows in Moots, Bogs and Watery places in
ow in the midft of a Bog, at the fatther end of
ampftead Heath from London, at the bottom ofa Hill adjoining to a fall Cottage 5. alfo in divers Bogs on a Heath or Common near unto Burnt Wood in Efex, efpecially near unto a place formerly dig- ed in fearch of a Gold Mine, but now it is faid to rooted out of thofe places: it grows in wonder- ous plenty in boggy places, Swamps and low moift Grounds thro’ aioe am dete 2 way whe in
reat plenty in moift a ggy Grounds, i f on Wa malaw River in South Carolina, we
rt Loads of it might be had, as alfo in divers places adjacent to Ajhiy, Cooper and Wando Rivers, and in feveral other pas of the fame Collony.
V. The Times. \t is green and flourifhes all the
Summer, as do the other Ferns , and the Spikes of
Flowers and Seed are in Perfection in Fune, Fuly and Auguft,, the Leaves decay and die away in
Winter, but the Root continues good, and lives for.
many Years. Gerard fays, That if it is tranfplant- ed into Gardens, native Soil. , , VL. The Qualities,Specifications, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Male and Female Fern in Chap. 259. aforegoing , excepting that this is more effe€tual than they,both for inward and outward Difeafes, and therefore rather to be chofen than either of them, or any of them all: alfo over and above what has been there faid, the following Obfervations have been experimentally
made.
Fiftula’s, and the like. and all Difeafes proceeding from Obftruétions o the Spleen, Womb,
again{t Ruptures or Burftennefs. If the
They cure any fimple Contufion, heal
good againft the Gout, broken Bones, and out of Joint.
one againft another, longer, narrower,
many parts of Ezgland: it did —
jt profpers full-as well as in its
VIL. The Decotfion in Wine. It is a fingular good Wound-drink, and therefore of excellent Ufe in curing green Wounds, running Sores, old Ulcers, It gives eafe in the Colick,
Reins, €%c. and it alfo prevails — on
is made in White Wine, it provokes Urine ex- ceedingly, cleanfing the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der-
VIL. The Balfam, Oil or Ointment of the Root. ; Wounds, running Sores and old Ulcers ; and are prio
Chap. 263. Lagh/> Herbs. Be 357
the Leaves of Water Betony, {o that they are fome- times miftaken the one for the other, being difficult to be known afunder, without a narrow view of them; but thefe Leaves are not’fo round dented a- bout the edges, and are alfo fmaller at the ends. At the tops of the Stalks come forth many Purple Flowers, fet in Husks, which are fomething gaping and open, but not fo much as any of the Galeop/es or Dead Nettles, but clofer and fmaller, fomewhat like thofe of Water Betony aforenamed ; which be- ing paft away, hard, round Heads come in their places, having a {mall point in the middle, in which is contained {mall brownifh Seed.
f | CH AP. CCLXIIL | of FLG W ORT Great Common.
| I’ HE Names. Itdoes not feemto be known
to the Greeks, for it has no Greek Name;
, ~ but it is called in Latin by many Names, as Ficaria,
Mille Morbia, Ferraria, Caftrangula, Chryfippea
Plinij , as fome think, Galeopfis Diofcoridé , as
Fuchfiws, Cords and Dodonews think, alfo Scropbu- laria major: in Englifh Figwort.
Il. The Kinds. We make two Generical Kinds of this Plant, viz. 1. Scropbularia major vulgaris, The Common Great Figwort, of which in this Chap- ter. 2. Scropbularia major Peregrina, Foreign Great Figwort, of which in the next Chapter.
‘T Of the firft of thefe forts there are two Kinds, viz. 1. Scropbularia major oaigetier, Ocimaftrum al- terum Tragi, Clymenum Mas Gefneri in Hortis, Ga- leopfis Fuchftj, © Cordij, The more Common Great Figwort. It is called Scropbularia in moft Authors, becaufe it is available ad Scrophulas, and major, to diftinguifh it from Scropbularia minor, which is Pilewort, of which in its place. 2. Scropbularia major altera Elegans, The Noble or Beautiful Great
Figwort.
V. The Second, or Elegant Great Figwort, has a great, thick, white, and knobbed Root, like the for+ mer, which fends forth from it one or more great, bard, rong, brown Stalks, with Leaves at the Foints, very like the other, but they are fairer, and more fometimes ftanding at a Joint, efpecially at the low- er Joints. The Flowers are not gaping as the firft, but ‘made of four reddifh Leaves, which commonly ftand at the Joints with the Leaves, which being paft, there comes in their places hard round Heads of Seed Veffels, but without any point in the mid- dle, in which are contained a fmall kind of Seed.
VI. The Places. They are very frequent, efpeci- ally the firft, in moft places thtough the Kingdom, owing in moift and fhadowy Woods, and in the an parts of Fields and Meadows: it may be found in great abundance in Hornfey Wood , near London, as alfo in Store Wood, and Shotover, near
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or more Com- | Oxford. | mon Great Figwort, has a Root which és great, white Ik. The Times. They Flower in Fune and Fu- and thick, with feveral Knobs or Tubers grewing at | /y, and the Seed will be ripe in a Month after the
it, and running a under the upper Cruft of the | Flowers are paft. Earth, which yang ssa Years , the Grn Herb| VIII. The Qualities. Figwort is hot and dry in
the Third Degree, Anodyne, Difcuffive, and Vulne-
mx. The Specification. It is peculiar for Curing ae d, and dark green Leaves, two at a Joint,| the Scrophula or Kings-Evil, as alfo the Hamor- whic oe and harder than any Nettle Leaves, | rhoids or Piles, Scabs, Leprofie. . ; X. The Preparations. You may have secre) Ie
“a e* by ot 6 VR, ceca . 0 " ‘ tp sea!
258 Salmon’s Herbal. + Lib. L. 2. NON Sea, os
many times difcuffes the Tumors, and if'any of them are Ulcerated, it is of extraordinary ufe to heal all thofe kinds of Ulcers, as alfo Scabs, L rofie, €c. XVI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Herb, or of the Root, or of Herb and Root, being beaten in a Mortar till they are foft, bein applied it cures “ Simple Contufions, caufed by any Blow or Fall, dif folves the coagulated Blood, and foon heals the - Hurt or Wounded part; and it is alfo no lef effe tual againft Seruma’s, or the Kings-Evil, and to diffolve any bunchings out, Wens, or Kernels in the | Throat or other parts. . XVI. The Spirituous Tinfure.. It {tops inward | Bleedings, and expels Wind out of the Stomach and Bowels, corretts the cold pituitous Humor which breeds the Kings-Evil Kernels, and other like Tu- mors, in any part of the Body; and is very efficaci- ous againft the Colick, the pain of the $ een, and — Hypochondriack DifaffeStions. Dof two
~
drams to. four in the Diftilled Water, or in Wine, or other proper Vehicle, Mornin -and Night. XVIUE The Acid Tindure. “Ye mdin othe:
1A Liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decoéti- aS Ss = é = ae Water. 5. An Oint-
Ae Kabaplafm. 7. A Spirituous Tinkure. 8. Aw Acid Tin Ure. z 4
The Virtues.
XI. The Liquid Fuice of Herb and Root. Iisa moft admirable Vulnerary; taken to two Spoonfuls, ter of the Plant, it is
g Ps =P
5
ze 9 =H a =
bs, and other like Breakings out. _ XIE The Effence. It has the fame Virtues, but ;$ more powerful to the Intentions above named, be- ing outwardly sppled, by bathing it upon Scrophu- Jous Tumors. orthoids, Scabs, Scurff » Mor-
phew, Leprofie, it sof fog ar good ufe, becaufe it refifts the protrufion of the ors which caufe
: them, and alfo waftes away what is contained in the fortifies the Stomach, and re€tifies the Juices in their a affected ; it alfo dean dries, and induces ncoétion, rote. the generating and. con- é t : healing of Fanning Sores, old Ulcers, Fiftula’s, creeting of that Matter,or ofe H cee : and the like; and may be taken inwardly as a Diet, | Struma, or the Difeafe called the Kings-Evil. It in order to facilitate Cures. caufes a: Appetite, and a {trong Digeftion, Ww yo the Obftrugtions of
; XIII. The D : : ki at # pig A the Roots and Herb inWine.
° > os
o
" 3 e ose = a Ps & S t=)
ad
CHAP. CCLXIV.
Of FEG WORT Great Foreign,
I. fe HE Names. It is called in Latin Scro bula- 71a major Peregrina, and by reafon the Roots
are without Tubers, or Knobs, it is called by fome Scrophularia major abfque Tuberculis: in Englifh
It is uféd for the fame purpofes, eithet to take in- wardly, or apply outwardly, by bathing, €c. It is of good ufe
hollow or corroding, to ftay the malignity, and to
of this Plant, divers of which we can never come rf, € u at, but fo many of them as may be found growing Deformity thereof, tho” inveterate, as the Leprofie, | in the Gardens of the Curious here in England, or ec. but it will be more effectual if you diffolve therein a proportional quantity of Nitre, Salt of Tartar, or Saccharum Saturni, according to the ng- ture of the fom mage apply it to,
ea In America, we hall here give you the Defcrip- tion of; and thofe are, 1. Scrophularia major Ame- ricana, Scrophularia Cretica prima Clufij, American or Cretick Great Figwort. ~ 2, Scrophularia major Americana altera, vel Indica altera, Scropbularia ma- jor Hifpanicay Scrophularia Solits Laciniatis Baubini, The Second Indian or American Great Figwort. 3. Scrophularia Flore /utco, Bauhini, ‘Scrophulariamaxi« cat Montana Columne, Great F igwort yellow Flow- ered.
XV. The Ointment o efpecially of the freth Roots. It is made according to the ufval Rule of making Ointments, but Authors have left this Prefeription. Take the Roots, wath them clean, bruife them, and put them into a Jar
and whilft hot ftrain it forch, and Keep it in a Jar|the Earth not ver Glafs or Gally-pot clofe covered for ufe:. You may | /pringing from
alfo make it by boiling the bruifed Roots and Leaves | f{¢ in Hogs Lard, or in Oil and Wax, and then ftrain- ing it out as aforefaid. It is exceeding good to a- noint with, in order to cure Scrophulous Tumors, or Swellings in the Neck, as alfo Ficus in Ano, and | thion like the Hemorrhoids or Piles, it eafes the pains, and | The Leaf
-=@2o Reef ea / a . :
ae ae
af adenine."
Chap. 265. . Exghifh Herbs.
making every Leaf look almoft like to the Leaf of |:
the Red Rattle. Fiom the middle of the Stalk up- |
the top, having on all fides fuch like Leaves, bu leffer than thofé growing below. At the tops of the
wort, has a Root which is thick and bufby, which pe- iciorins ut
359
CHAP. CCLXV. Of FLAG Sweet Smelling, O R ‘
True AC O RUS.
IL“ HE Names. It iscalled in Greek “Axse@-, §
Axcesy, in Latin Acorus or Acorum, Acorus
Uf it Flowers not, it continues all the Year. From| verus, and Acorum verum : Clufius fays it is taken this Root {pring up divers thick, but weak, Stalks | to be Butomos Theopbrafti: and in Englifh The true
and dented, and with them, towards the tops of the | mus Aromaticus Oficinarum, according to Amatus, Stalks, feveral large Flowers of a yellowith color on Braffavolus, Cafalpinus, and Fuchfius, but it is not th
the outfide and lower
of which grow two large, broad, roundith , hairy, foft, Leaves, deeply indented about the edges, findin
moft ftom the bottom, one fmall naked Branch, bearing many Flowers in Tufts at the ends of them,
brims into divers pieces, having fome long yellow- ifh Threads in the middle. After the Flowers are paft, larger round Heads come than in the Com- mon Kind, but not fo large as thofé in the laft deferi- bed, which have at the end a lon point, a little crooked, and contain within them {mall black Seed.
VI. The Places. The two firft I have found growing in feveral parts of Florida, in the South of Carolina, and in thofe parts leading to the Cape of Florida. The firft alfo has been found cas, * in Candia, being Clufius his firft Cretick Species. The fecond has been found growing in Spain likewife, but as I am informed was Tranfplanted thither from America, The third is a Native of Germany and Hungary, from the former of which places it was brought to us; but here in Exg/and they are all nurft up in the Gardens of the Curious.
VIL. The Times. They Flower in Fuly, and the Heads of Seed will be ape in Auguft or September.
VIII. The Qualities , pecification , Preparations and Virtues are the fame with thofe of the Common Kind in the former Chapter, and therefore I fhall fay no more of them in this place,
| teluch it takes bold in the Ground, the thick part of the
truly a Flag, a Sweet fmelling ) and the Root here
oot only of a Flag; as for the True
many Kibres or Strings thereat, but without any Tus| cafion to fpeak more in our Ill. Book.
bers or Knobs at all. From the Head of this Root
| Aaeet Encny Flag.
III. The Defcription. It has a Root like to the
Common Water Flag in the next Chapter, but fmal- ler, and not fo red, of a fweet fmell and fomewhat bitter tafte, it vs thick and long, lying under the up- per Face of the Earth, fhooting forwards, and with Small Roots, as Suckers on all fides, not much unlike to Garden Valerian, whitifb on the outfide, or green- ifh if it lyes above Ground, aud more pale or whiti/p on the infide , confifting of many Foints, from w'uch it foots forth underneath many long thick Fibres, by
“9
) ’ eee . Og le ee er.
a
the Root is of a firm or fajt fubftance, yet not woody, but eafie to cut. From Lee Root rife feveral fag gy Leaves, like unto the Warer Fag, or Flower-de- Juce in the following Chapter, but narrower, and two or three Feet in length, ot a frefh green Color, and Aromatick Smell; yer fometimes they are brown- ifh at bottom, the one Leaf growing out of the fide of the other, after the fame manner that other Flags or Elower-de-luces grow, which are thin on both fides, and riged or thick in the.midft, the longeft for the moft part ftanding in the midft, and fome of them curled or plaited towards the ends or tops of them, fimelling very fweet as well when they are dry, and kept a long time, as when they are and green. Thefe Leaves abide a long time in the Garden, as tho’ they never did, or never would*bear any Flowers, they every Year dying down to the Ground, and fhooting out frefh every Spring; but after two, three, or four Years continuance in a Se without removing, it fhoots forth Leaves as
' formerly, (but no Stalk, as other Flags or. Flower-
de-luces do) befides which it fhoots forth a long nar- row Leaf’ by it felf, flat, like unto the other Leaves, efpecially from the middle thereof upwards; but trom the faid middle downwards it is thicker, nar- rower, and rounder, or rather almoft triangular. From the middle of this lone Leaf comes forth one. long round Head, very feldom two, in form and bignefs like almoft unto the Ag/et or Cathkin of the Hafle Nuc Tree; it grows upright, an Inch and half, two Inches, or more in length, as thick as a large Reed, or ones little Finger, fet with feveral {mall Lines and Divifions , like unto a green Pine Apple, and for the moft part of a Purplifh Green Color , or as Gerard fays, of a Greenifh Yellow Color, cu- rioufly prone as if it were Wrought with a Needle, with green and yellow Silk intermixt; out of its Bunches fmall pale whitifh Flowers fhoot forth, confifting of four {mall Leaves apiece, (with- out any great imell) which quickly fall away, with- out giving any Seed, fo far as.any Author has ob- ferved.
IV. The Places. It isa Foreigner, and grows with us only in Gardens, but bears very rarely its Tuft or Head in our cold Country, for which reafon fome have faid that it is barren, but that doubtlef§ is a miftake, for C/afiws fays that he had feen it bear its Flower or Head in that place where it grows natu- rally , tho’ in England it fometimes may be barren. Its Native places are in feveral parts of Turkey, where it grows in moift Grounds, and in fuch like
laces it Hourifhes with us, where are found the lose Roots, the faireft, firmeft, whiteft, and {weeteft, which being dryed are a’ little thrivelled. It grows in Candia, as Pliny fays, as alfo in Galatia, and other adjacent places, and naturally at the Foot of a Hill near to Prufz, a City of Brthynia, not far trom a great Lake. It alfo grows in great plenty in fome parts of Rufia, but its Roots when dryed are more lank or fmall, not fo firm nor white, nor of fo choice an Aromatick Smell.
V. The Times. Ic {prings up with its Leaves in March and April, and bears its Cathkin (in thofe Countries where it does bear, or is not barren) in the beginning or middle of Fu/y and Auguft. Fobmfon upon Gerard fays, that in May 1632. he received the Fulus or Catkin from Mr. Thomas Glynn, of Giynn- thivon, in Carnarvonfhire , from which it is mani- feft, that with careful looking after, it may with us be made to bear its Head of Flowers; yet here about London, tho’ it grows well, and in great plen- ty in many Gardens, it has fcarcely ever been feen to bring forth any thing of that kind. ’ VI. The Qualities... \t is hot and dry in the fe-
cond degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftri Car. minative, Diuretick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stoma- tick, Cordial, Sudorifick, and Alexipharmick.
Vil. The Specification. It is a liar thing a- gainlt Poyfon, the Plague, and all contagious Dif
eafes. idk as aad VIII. The Preparations, The Root is only of ufe, and you may have therefrom, 1. A Liguid Fuice,. 2. An Effence. 3. An-Infufion in Wine. 4. ADe- cottion in Wine. 5. A Pouder. 6. A Con 6s 7. A Spirituous Tinfture. 8. An Acid Tintture. 9. An Oily Tintture. 10. A Spirit. 11. A mical Gil.. 12. Poteftates or Powers. 13. An Elix-
frefh }77. 14. A Collyrium. 15. A Preferve. 16. A Syrup.
The Virtues. IX. The Liquid Fuice. Taken to a$ on two ina Glafs of Generous Wine it ibe oe
eafes Pains and Stitches of the Sides, and aoe againft the Bitings of Mad and other Venom- ous Creatures, but it ought to be repeated, at. due intervalsoftime. : f X. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Juice, ceca te e Colick, and Gripings of the Guts, aft Convulfions, and a an Antidote pra all forts of Poyfon, and the Infeftion of the e it felf; and is a fingular good thing to help a. ftinking Breath: it is allo commended as an excellent thing againft. Ruptures or BurftennefS. Dofe one Spoonful, or. more, Morning and Night, in a GlafS of Generous Wine, or fome other fit Vehicle. . 3 . XI.. The Infufion in Wine. It has the Virtuesof the Juice and Effence, but not all out fo powerful; it waftes the Spleen, helps thofe who have the Stran-. gury, and frees thofe from danger who are Bitten by any Venomous Serpent: it warms and comforts the Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite and Di- geftion; expels Wind, drys up Rheums, and clears: Go men Dofe five or fix Ounces Morning and. ight.
. The Decottion in Wine. Xt has the Virtues of the Infifion, and being mixed with a little Wom- wood Wine, and fo drunk, it is of good ufé to com- fort and ftrengthen a cold and weak Stomach. —
XIII. The Pouder. It is given to one Dram in the Morning fafting, and laft at Night going to Bed, in a Glafs of the Infufion, againft Poyfon, the Bi- tings of Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Creatures, to prevent, and alfo to cure the Infettion of the Plague, or any Peftilential Difeafe; it comforts a cold and weak Stomach, reftoring the Tone thereof where depraved or hurt , and has all the Virtues of the Effence and the other Preparations : ic heals alfo inward Bruifes. oy
XIV. The Cataplafm. The Root being boiled in Wine to foftnefs, ttamped, and then a men as a Cataplafin to the Tefticles, it wonderft af abates their Swelling, difcuffing all hardnefs and collestions of Humors: it alfo mollifies hard Tumors in any ther part of the Body. :
XV. The Spirituous Tindure. Itis good oa Ce nes and weaknefs of e rey rf and Nerves, {trengthens the Sight, fto luxions of Rheum into the Eyes, and S exellencagantt Megrim from a cold Caufe, Vertigo, Carus, oe gy, Palfie, Convulfions, and other like Difaffettr ons of the Nerves, Brain, and Womb; it warms — and ftrengthens the Stomach, caufes a good App tite, expels Wind, and gives eafe in Diba a pings ot the Bowels, Colicks, and the Di fe c -
ed Tena/mus. Dofe half a Spoonful in a a1S O1 Wine Morning, Noon, and Night =
SS ee
= -
XVI. The Acid Tinéture. There are but few things more excellent againft the Infeftion of the Plague, whether it is taken as a Prophylaétick , or a Curative; indeed in all Peftilential Diftempers it does Wonders, for it deftroys the Poyfon and Malig- nity inits Root, and for the fame reafon it is good againit the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, or any other Venomous Creature; it is good againft Nau- feoufnefS of the Stomach , and ftops Vomitings , when {fcarcely any thing elfe will prevail. Dofe fo many drops as may make the Vehicle pleafantly fharp, to be often repeated in the day.
XVIL The Oily Tinéure. Taken inwardly to ten, twelve, or fitteen drops, or more, ina GlafS of White Port Wine, it provokes Urine, expels Stones, Sand, Gravel, or other Tartarous Matter in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder; and cures alfo all cold, moift, fleepy, and Paralytick Difeafes of the Head, Brain, and Nerves. Outwardly anointed upon the Joints it cures the Gout, and well anointed upon the Back Bone twice a day, viz. Morning and Evening , as alfo upon the parts affe&ted, it cures Cramps, Con- vulfions, and Palfies, and thofe kind of troublefom Pains, vulgarly called a Rheumatifm.
XVI. ‘The Spirit. It is a Noble and Generous Cordial, chears the Heart, revives the Spirits, and ftrengthens Univerfal Nature; it is good againft Fainting and Swooning Fits, Hypochondriack Me- meat and other Difeafes of i e kind. Dofe a Spoonful, now and then upon occafion. XIX. The Oil Diftilled. Being given fiom fix
c
drops to twelve in any proper Vehicle, it cures the
Colick almoft to a Miracle; it ftrengthens the Sto- mach and all the other Vifcera, expels Wind, and
prevails againft a Texa/mus, it is an excellent thing
to be taken Morning and Night for fome time, by thofe who are affe€ted with the Palfie, or any in- ward Convulfions, and is of fingular ufe, being out- wardly applied to the parts ed with the fame Difeafes, and gives eafe in the Gout proceeding from a cold Caufe, anointed likewife upon parts affe€ted with a Rheumatifn, proceeding from cold, it cures it.
XX. The Poteflates or Powers. They have all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Infufion, Pouder, Tin€tures, Spirit, and Oil, and are more fubtil than any of them; being inwardly taken they diffufe themfelves thro” the whole Body immediately, and being outwardly bathed upon any part, they imme- diately penetrate, even to the Bone it felf; yet they are fo fafe, tho’ very hot and fubtil, that they will caufe no Contraétions of the Nerves, but on the con- trary, if they be applied to any thing of a Contra- &ture , they will in a few times ufing it cure the fame. Dofe inwardly from Forty to Eighty, or a Hundred drops, Morning and Night, in any Gene- rous Wine.
XXL. The Elixir. This being the Powers exalt- ed, and brought to their utmoft perfeftion, may be faid to have all the fame Virtues in tranfcendency. They are more Stomatick than any of the former Preparations, and therefore more proper to reftore the Tone of the Vifcera, being hurt, and this more efpecially upon the Cure of a mo ge Dofe Sixty or Eighty — at a time, (feveral times in a day) ina Clas of {trong and fragrant Wine.
XXII. The Collyrium. Take of the Liquid Juice, |
clarified Honey, of 2 equal parts, mix them. It is good againft Dimnefs of the Sight, Films, Cloudi-
neis, Pearls, Bloodfhot, and the like, being put in- to the Eyes Morning and Evening. Being taken in- wardly it is good againft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfe- nels, thortnls of Breath, dif culey of Breathing. -Poyfon, pains of the Spleen, oppage of Urine. ett”
The Preferve. The Roots are taken
Chap. 266. : Englifh Herbs.
361
green and cleanfed, then the whole Koots are to be boiled foft in White Port Wine, and fo put into double refined Sugar, or clarified Honey, and boiled till the Sugar or Honey has penetrated them, and that they are brought to a confiltence. The dryed Roots may be preferved alfo in the fame manner, © being firft fteeped till they are fofr in White Wine, but yet the Preférve of the Green Roots is moft to be defired. It is good to remove the coldnefs of the Vifcera, to warm and comfort a cold and moift Sto- mach, and caufe ExpeCtoration where Flegm is lodg- ed in the Lungs. :
XXIV. The Syrup. Take of the freth Roots a Pound, being well cleanfed bruife them, and fteep them three or four days in Vinegar, then extract the Juice and Vinegar with a Preis, to every Pound of which add a Pound and half of clarified Honey , which by gentle boiling bring into a Syrup. It is an excellent Peftoral, cleanfes the Breft and Lungs of tough Flegm, caufing an eafie Expettoration; o- oer Obftruétions of the Stomach, Spleen, and other
wels, caufés a good Appetite and a ftrong Dige- ftion, and repreffes a Flux of Humors to the Glan- dulous parts of the Neck, Throat, and Mefentery.
CH A.P. CCLXVI. Of FLAG Water,
—?
OR, Water FLOWERDELUCE.
L“f° HE Names. {tis called in Greek “les trod exs
x Yedoies, in Latin Acorus palufiris, Pfeu-
doirts Dodonei, Iris lutea paluftris, Acorus adulteri«
s Tragi, Acorus falfus Cordi, Gefneri, & Mat -
Biol, Acorus paluftris Lobel, Gladiolus luteus:
in Englifh Water Flag, Water Elowerdeluce, Segg , and Sceg. + .
Il. The Kinds. Some will have it that there are two Kinds of this Plant, becaufe fometimes it is found fo exceeding large, as four Feet or more high, and fometimes again it is found not to be above a Foot and half high, or two Feet at moft; but this difference in my ‘50 arifes only from the difter- ing Qualities and Goodnef§ of the Soil, it growing fo exceeding large where the Soil is beft, and more dinainutive where it is worfer, there being otherwife no difference in the Roots, Blades or Leaves, Stalks, Flowers, Cods and Seed, nor yet in the manner and form of its growing. ;
AL. The Defcription. It bas a Root which is tu- berofe, but longer and flenderer than thofe of tbe Garden Flowerdeluces , of a pale brownifh Color on the outfide, and of an Horfe Elefh Color on the infide, with many hard Fibres {pringing therefrom ; the whole Root is very Styptick, and barfh in tafte. From this Root fpring up Sword like Leaves, like to thofe of the Garden Kind, (the whole Plant growing almoft exactly like to thofe of the Garde) but that this has much longer and narrower fad green Leaves, joined together in the fame fafhion, fometimes the
talk grows to be between four and five Feet high, fometimes not above two Feet high, or a little more, according to the RichnefS or PoornefS of the Soil; at the tops of the Stalks come forth Flowers of a perfect yellow Color, and {haped fomewhat like un- to thofe of the Flowerdeluce, with three falling Leaves, and other three apehed which cover nee
aa ot-
E.
362 mite Herbal. = labs 1
bottoms, but inftead of the three upright Leaves, as | given, one or two Spoonfuls at a time, in any pro- the Fowerdeluces have, this has only three fhort pie- ces ftanding in their places, after which facceed thick and long three fquare Cods or Heads,containing in each part fomewhat large and flat Seed, very like to thofe of the Garden Flowerdeluces, which are
fometimes reddifh, purplifh, and blackifh.
IV. The Places. It grows ufually in wat Ditches, Ponds, Lakes, and Moorifh Grounds, whic are often overflowed, or kept wet with Water, as at Lambeth, on the Bank Side of the Thames, and Ditch Sides thereabouts; alfo in moift Meadows,
low Grounds, Banks'of Rivers, and the like: it
grows in valt plenty in the Fens in Cambridg fhire, Ine of Ely, Bedfordfbire, Lincolnfhire, &c. And altho’ itis by nature Watery Plant, yet it will grow and proiper very well if planted in Gardens.
V. The Times. It grows up in the Spring, in March and upeil Flowers in Ju/y, and the Seed is ripe in Auguft. ;
VI. The Qualities. The Root is chiefly ufed, and is cold and dry in the fecond degree, Aftringent , Repercuflive , Traumatick , Anodyne, and Arthri-
tick.
VII. The Specification. It is known to bind the Bowels, and ftop all Fluxes of Blood or Humors.
VILL. The Preparations.. You may have there- from, 1. A Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. An Infufion or Decottion in Wine. 4. A Powder. 5. A Colly- rium. §. A Cataplafm. 7. An Ointment or Bal- fam. 8. A Diftitled Water.
The Virtues.
1X. The Fuice. Inwardly taken to a Spoonful or two in a GlafS of Red Port Wine it is very aftrin- gent, and ftops all Fluxes of the Bowels, whether of Blood or Humors, as alfo Piffing of Blood, over- flowing of the Terms, and other Fluxes of Blood at Mouth, Nofe, or other parts, in external Hamor- thages it muft be cg ae with Stuphes to the :
X. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, but is more effeCtual, being inwardly
| ther in the Lungs, Stomach, Guts, Reins,
gere, it cools and gives much eafe, and this more
per Vehicle, but it is to be repeated fo often at due — intervals of time as need fhall require, It prefently {tops the overflowing of the Loches of Women in Child-Bed, and ftrengthens the Womb, and all the weakned parts.
XI. The Infufion or Decoétion in Wine. Xt has the fame Virtues with the Juice and Effence, but is weaker, and therefore muft be given in larger quan- tities, as five or fix Ounces twice a day.
XIL The Powder. Given to one Dram, or more, in Wine, it ftops all internal Fluxes of me
dder, ot Womb: outwardly applied alfo it {tops Bleed- ing, and being ftrewed upon old, moift, and running Sores, it cleanfes, dries up the moifture, and indu- ces their healing: ftrewed upon a foul Bone it is {aid to cleanfe it and cover it with Flefh.
XII. The Collyrium. Take of the Diftilled Wa- ter four Ounces, Red Port Wine two Ounces, of the clarified Juice of the Root one Ounce, mix them. . Dropt into fore and watering Eyes it ftops the Flux of Rheum, dries and heals them Cloths or Spunges may alfo be wetted therein and applied upon the Forehead; it takes away alfo Clouds, Dimnefs, ie} Pearls, and the like. _
. The Cataplafm. Applied to the Joints in the Gout it eafes the Pain, and ftrengthens the part affiifted, fo that the Difeafe feldom or never returns any sag ee that Foot; it alfo ftops any Flux of Humors upon the part. os
XV. Ointment or Balfam. Ve is ufed after cleanfing of Wounds or Ulcers, to dry, incarnate, and heal, for as it breeds Flefh, fo it ftops any de- fluxion of Humors thereupon, hindring the growing of proud Flefh.
SVL The Diftilled Water. Dropt into the Eyes it is good againft the watering of them, applied to the Forehead in wet Spunges it {tops Defluxions, and fomented on hot Tumors and Inflammations of Wo- mens Breafts, as alfo upon Cancers, and mo/i me tan-
efpecially if it is mixed with a little Sacebarum Sa- turni, and then it prevails againft foul and putrid Ulcers happening in the ne ‘arts of Man or Wo- man, or in any other part of the Body.
CHA P, CCLXVIL. Of F L A X Manured or Common.
L/P’ HE Names. It is called by the Arabians Bazarichichen, or Bezerchetan, in Greek Air
in Latin Linum, and in Englifh Flax, and Line,
which laft Name fome will have from
Lines of it, but I take it to be derived from the
Greek Name. :
IJ. The Kinds. Of Flax there are two principal Kinds, vis. 1. The Manured, of which we thall Treat in this Chapter. 2. The Wild Kind, of which in the next. The Manured, Garden , or Common Kind, is a fingular Plant, (of the Peelings of which they make fine Cloths) ang detribed as followeth.
Il. The Defeription. Irbizs a finall fibrous Root, which perifhes every Tear, from whence rifesupa round pliant Stalk, about a yard high, befer with mate = row, long, and i Leaves, without any order, gmk 4s branched on the top into.three or four fmall Branel es, each of them bearing two or three fair Blue
ers, made of five round pointed Leaves apiece, mith
Chap. 267. Lagh/b Herbs. —= 36
Some threads in the middle, which being paft away, | emella fays, ina fat, moift, and fruitful Soil. Some, round Buttons fucceed, which are pointed above, and | fays Palladius, Sow it thick in a lean Ground, and in which are contained flattifh, Smooth, Joining, brown | fo have a fine fort of Flax. Pliny {ays that it is to Seed. be Sown in Gravelly places, efpecially in Furrows, Experience has taught us that it grows admirably well in Light, Sandy and Gravelly Grounds, fuch as France abounds with, where it grows in va plen- Q and in - other Countries where the Ground is ndy and Light, as in Morida. 2
The Times. Flax is Sown in the Spring, and Flowers in June and Fu/y, the Seed ripening in the mean Seafon; after it is ost, up, or cut down, as Pliny Lib. 19. Cap. 1. fays, the Stalks being bound up in finall Bundles, are put into Water fubjeCt to the heat of the Sun, and have fome weighty things
Common Garden Flax
VIL. The Specification. Wt is peculiar againft Pleurifies, the Piles, and all Contractures of the Nerves and Mufcles.
VIII. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. The Seed prepared. 2. A Pouder of thé Seed. 3. A Decollion. 4. A Balfam. 5. A Catan plafm. 6. An Oil by Expreffion.” 7. A Fumigation.
The Virtues.
IX. The Seed prepared. Galen fays that fomé parched the Seed, and eat it with Honey for Food, and that others put it into their Bread, but fays he primo Aliméntorum, it troubles the Stomach, is hard of Digeftion, and gives not much Nourifhment to the Body; but as to the moving of the Belly down- wards (fays he) I will neither commend nor difcom- mend it, but it in fome finall meafure provokes U- rine, which it does beft being parched.
% The Pouder of the Seed. If it is mixt with an eighth part of Pepper in fine Pouder, and made into an Ele€tuary with Honey, and taken to the quantity of a large Nutmeg every Morning fafting, and Night going to Bed, it prevails againit Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheezing, ObftruGtions of the Lungs, and vehement Catarrhs,
XI. The Decottion in Wine. Sweetned with Ho« ney and drunk it eafes the Bellyach and Colick , Stitches, and all Inflammations of the Vifcera; if Raifons are boiled in it it opens (fays Phny ) the Obs . ftructions of the Liver; and if it is applied to any
ing or running Sore it dries it, and ftays it from {preading farther.
XII. The Balfam. If it is made into a Balfam with Rofin, Pouder of Myrrh, and fome of the Oil by Expreffion, and applied to Ruptures, or Swellings {of the Scrotum or Tefticles, it cures the one and
parts of Line Seed, Fenugreek Seed, and Mallows, and applied, it is of good ufe to mollifie and difcufs
IV. The Places. It grows in England, France , Germany, Italy, and in moft Countries of Europe, the Seed being Sown every Year; it grows in Ame- rica alfo, as in Carolina, where I have known it to
Figs and Wild Cucumber Roots, and applied, it grow and flourith very well: it profpers beft as Co-
draws forth Splinters, Thorns, Nails, Prickles , et Aaaa Splinters
~
OS ES CRY erg
+" =
364 Salmons
Splinters of Broken Bones, or any other thing ftick- ing in the Fleth. If it is made with Crefles it takes away the ruggednefs of the Nails. If it is made with Olibanum, Myrrh, and Wine, and applied to the Forehead, it helps the Watering of the Eves If it is made with Honey, Suet, and Bees Wax, and applied, it helps Struma’s, hard Kernels and Swel- ings under the Ears or Throat; it rakes away alfo Spots and Blemifhes of the Skin, Sunburnings, and other Difcolorings.
XIV. The Oi/ by Expreffion. It is faid to be a Specifick for curing a Pleurifie, as alfo Stitches, Pe- tipneumonia’s, and other exquifite pains of the Tho- rax, giving it to fix or eight Ounces at a time, or more,’ and repeating the fame at due intervals of time fo long as need requires ; it is an excellent thing to anoint with, to mollifie the fhrinking and hard-. nefs of the Nerves, Tendons, or Mufcles, foften any hard Swelling, and to give eafe, and cure the Piles, Chaps of the Fundament;, to foften theshard- | nef§ tharede and eafé the pain; it alfo foftens the | hardnefS of the Mother; if it is beaten with Red Rofe Water, or rather with Water, in which Nitre, or Saccharum Saturni has been diffolved, and then be applied to Burnings and Scaldings, it cures them ; it is good to burn in Lamps, and will burn longer than Oil Olive will, yet it makes much more Smoak and Soot: befides all thefe things, it is of excellent ufe for Painters to make their ing Oil of, and to mix their Colors with to be applied to Cloth, or Wood, or Stone, Iron, Capers or GlafS, &c.
XV. The Fumigation. Ifa Woman fits over the Fumes of the Decoftion of the Seed in Water, or in Water and Vinegar, it foftens the hardnefs of the Womb, and eafes the pains of the Mother.
CHAP. CCLXVIIL of FLAX Wild.
lL’ HE Names. It is called in Greek, Aiver dyew : in Latin, Linum fylveftre, Linum agrefle, and in Englifh, Wild Flax.
I], The Kinds. There are feveral kinds of this Plant, as, 1. Linum fylveftre Catharticum, Linum Anghicum, Our Englifh Wild Flax, or Purging Wild Flax, called by the Country People, Mz/-Moxntain. 2. Linum fylveftre eaaefoline Hloribus albis, vel Ceruleis, White Wild Flax. 3. Linum fylveftre teguifolium, Thin or Narrow-leav'd Wild Flax. 4. Linum fylveftre latifolium floribus Cerulezs, Broad- leay’d Wild Flax, blew-flowred. 5. Linum fylve- fire latifolium floribus Luteis, Broad-leav’d Wild Flax yellow-flowred. 6. Chamalinum perpucillum, Linum fylveftre pumilum, Dwart Wild Flax. 7. Linum fylvefire vulgatius, The more common Wild
Flax.
Ill. The Deftriptions. The frft, or Purging Wild Flax, bas @ crooked Root, which % {mall, white and fibrous, which fends forth fometimes one, but moft commonly five, fix or more round Stalks, about eight, ten,or twelve inches bigh, of a brown or red- difh color , every Stalk dividing it felf near the top, or from the middle upwards into many Branches, of a greener color than the lower part of the Stalk. The Leaves are fmall, fmooth, and of a green color, of the bignefs of Lent: Leaves, and have in the middle one Rib or Nerve, and no more that may be perceived, and grow along on the Stalk, in very
good Order, by couples, one oppofite againft ano- ther. At the tops of the fmall Branches the Flow- ers grow, of a white color, confifting of five fmall Leaves apiece, the Nails whereof are yellow. Th the infide are placed fmall fhort Chives alfo of a yellow color; after which come up little Knobs or Buttons, the tops of which, when the Seed is ripe, divide themfelves into five parts, in which is con- tained {mall, fmooth, flat, flip When. the Seed is ripe, the whole Herb perifhes. The Plant is of a bitter Tafte and herby Smell.
Leaves like unto the Mamured Flax, but narrower, and growing upon round, bright and Shining Stalks, @ foot long, having Flowers like the Manured Flax, but of a white color. But this Plant is fometimes
Shooting forth new Stalks, with woolly Leaves on
Herbal. Lib.
ery yellow Seed.
IV. The fecond, or White Wild Flax, bas a Root which is tough and fmall, and grows like, and has
found with deep blew Flowers, with Violet colored Flowers, and fometimes with white Flowers, ftrea- ked with purple Lines.
Y. The third, or Thin or Narrow leav’d Wild Flax, bas a tough flender Root, with feveral Fibres adjoining to it, which fends forth many Stalks, fur- nifhed with narrow thin Leaves : the Flowers con- fift of five Leaves apiece, of a light Purple or Flefh color, which do foon fade and fall away. The Stalks are of about a Cubit in height, befet with . {mall Leaves, yea leffer than thofe of Linaria pur- purea. The whole Plant is very like to the Common Manured Flax, but in every refpe& leffer.
VI. The fourth, or Broad-leav’'d blew-fowred, has a Root which is great, and lives after Seed-time,
them, and fo abides all theWinter. This Root, fays — Gerard, does continue many Years without Sowing, encreafing by its Root into many other Stalks, ti- fing up with many thick, ftiff and hairy Branches, — fometimes with but one, and fometimes with more, a foot, or foot and halt high, and befet with oe 8 rough and hairy broad Leaves, (broader than inany of the other forts.) The Stalks towards thei branch themfelves out, and are befet with it Leaves than thofe below. At the tops of thes
Chap. 269. | Enghfo Herbs. |
Gerard’s Herbal) ‘has given us an account of going to an Apothecaries a Winchefter in Hampfhire, I faw (fays he) this Herb lying upon. the Stall, which I had feen long before, I defired of him to know the Name of it; he told me, it was called Mill Mountain, and that Dottor Leke’s Man had. given him the name-of it, as alfo the Way how his Mafter the Doftor (who was afterwards Bifhop of Bath and Wells) didufeit.
XIV. The Virtues and Ufe. Take a Handful of Mill Mountain, the whole Plant, Leaves, Seeds; Flowers and all, bruife it,. and put it into a Pipkin, with a Pint of White Wine, and fet it on hot Embers to Infufe all Night, then pour off the clean Wine, and drink it the next Morning fafting, This will give eight or ten Stools, and purges and. cleanfés the Stomach and Bowels admirably well: And this was the thing, which the faid Doétor Lake always ufed for his Purge.
do grow many blew Howers, much greater and larger than thofe of the Common manuredFlax,even as great almoft and large as Mallows,fometimes of a deeper, and fometimes ot a Paler blew.; confifting of five Leaves a piece; which being paft away, there fuc+ ceeds fimall fharp pointed heads ( in the green husk which held the flowers) which are full of Seed 5 and being ripe, open and {hew the fame, which is fat, and of a blackifh fhining Colour, like Line
Seed.
VIL. The Fifth, or Broad leav’d yellow flowred, has a Root which is thick and crooked, with many Fi- bres thereat, which perifhes not, but abides many Years.- It fprings forth with many Stalks, about a Cubit high, Jomewhat red and ftiff, alfo round and of a brownish Colour, fet with pretty large and thick Leaves, not rough and hairy, but f{mooth and hard. The Flowers grow plentifully on the tops of the Stalks, bie compofed of five Leaves apiece, and are large, of a fair, fhining, yellow Color, with five threads, coming forth in their middle, having alfo as many fmaller and fhorter hairs.’ The Seed is contained in Heads, flatter than in any of the other, and is of a blacker Color, but not fhining like them.
VIL. The Sixth, or Dwarf Wild Flax, has a Root which is {mall and threddy, which fends forth many flender Stalks, of about ‘foe, Six, Seven, eight,
t
CHAP. CCLXIX. Of FLAXWEED Narrow leav’d,
or wine Inches high, furnifhed with feveral {mall, long Leaves, and growing on themby Couples. At the tops of the Branches grow the Flowers, which are White, or of a pale yellow, leffer than thofé of the manured Flax, with yellow Threads in the middle. The Seed is contained in little round heads, and is fmall. The whole plant is in all things like unto Flax; but in its Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, and all other parts thereof, it is four times leffer.
IX. The Seventh, or more Common Wild Flax,
bas a Root likethe manured Kind, and grows alfo like},
it, but bas greater and higher Stalks, more branched at the Tops, and bearing a greater ftock of blew Flow- ers on them, with Seed alfolike tothe fame : But the Seed Vefféls will hold or contain the fame, and not break open, when ripe, with the heat of the Sun, as the manured kind will do. ~
X. The Places. The firft grows plentifully in the unmanured Inclofures of Hanpjbve, on Chalky Downs, and on Purfleet Hills, in Effex, as alfo in many other places of this Kingdom : Ge/ner would would have it to be the Helleborine of the Ancients. All the reft grow in Gravelly Grounds : The fecond and {éventh, in well manured Places, asalfo in Gar- dens and other thelike Soils. The fourth and fixth, grow upon Rocks and Cliffs near the Sea-fide, Ge- vard {aw them grow upon the Sea-banks by Lee in Effex, and in many places in the Jfle of Sheppy: They grow alfo between Queenborough and Sherland Houfe. The third and fifth, in Borders of Fields, in untilled places, and Hilly Grounds.
XI. The Times. The fctt fprings out of the Ground at the beginning of the Spring,and flowers all the Summer. All the reft flower thro’ all Fuze, Fuly, and Auguft, the Seed ripening in the mean time.
XII. The Qualities, Specifications, Preparations, and Virtues of the fix latter defcribed Plants, are the fame with thofe of the manured Flax in Chap. 267. aforegoing,and therefore we fhall fay nomore of them here, but come dire€tly to confider the firft, or Cathartick kind, whichis the moft ufeful.
_ XII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry, fup- pofed in the fecond Degree : Stomatick, and Ca- thartick. How this Herb came to be fo known,as to be taken notice of, Mr. Goodyer (in Fobnfon upon
OR, TOA D--FL AX Narrow leav’d.
I. 5 Be E Names. It is not known to have any Greek Name, and yet Authors have called
it Yeudvaswov and “Osves ; in Latin, Pfeudolinum,and —
Linaria: in Englifh, Flaxweed and Toad Flax,
SWZ. = NY f EAs ‘Wes =n Ary VON hex SRS 2 INES WG Wyn. e -\)Z AS
f] TE pS s Me) WBZ:
AY); 1 VM
LS
$e oe —4 —— ae cet
_ II. The Kinds. There ate three General Kinds of this Plant, viz. 1. YeuWaswer sevoovaaw, Linaria, anguftifolia, narrow leaved Flaxweed, or Toad Flax, of which in this Chapter. 2. P/eudolinum, vel Li« naria latifolia, broad leaved Flaxweed, of which, in the next Chapter, 3. Chamalinaria, Linaria
mila,
266 Salmon's Herbal
mili, Linaria repens, creeping Flaxweed, or Toad Flax, of which in Chapter. 271. following.
Hil. Of the firft of thefe General Kinds, there are thefe Species following. 1. Liaaria Vulgaris no- Jivas, Pfeudolinum Brunfelfii,Loneceriand Dodonei, Ofpris, Matthioli,Fuch/ii,Cordi,and. Lobelij: Our Com- mon blaxweed, or Toad Flax. 2. Linaria Valentina Cifif, Hifpanica tertia Clufi7, Spanifh Flaxweed of Clufius. 3. Linaria Pannonica major, vel Ofyris al- ba, White Flaxweed or Toad Flax. 4. Linofpris Nuperorum Lobelij, Golden Star tathioned - weed, or Toad Flax. 5. Liaaria aurea Tragi, Gol- den Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. 6. Linaria five Ofyris, vel Scoparia Italorum, Befom Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. 7. Pfeudolinaria montana alba, Anonymus Clu- Jit; Anthylis Montana Lugdunenfis, Linaria adulte- rina alba, Baftard Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. 8. Li- maria purpurea, Purple Flaxweed, or Toad Flax, variable Flaxweed.
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or our Com- mon Flaxweed, bas a Root which is Somewhat Woody, and White, efpecially the main down right one, with
a Frogs Mouth, fuch as are to be feen in Common
Heads come forth, having blackith flat Seeds. The whole Plant before it comes to Flower, is fo very like to E/«la minor, that the one is fcarcely known
ftom the other, but by this Old Vere : Efula laife-}
feit; fine latte Linaria crefcit.
~V~. The ‘higen or Spanifh Flaxweed, has a Root like the other, which perifbes not in Winter, but a- bides for a long time, and by which the Plant multi- pliesit felf andis increafed. From the Root {pring up many-finall Stalks, about a Foot high or more, on which grow very plentifully many narrow Leaves of a greyifh or Afhcolor, and at the tops of them, {tore of {mall Flowers; which are of a Whitifh co- lor on the out fide, and more purplith inwardly , but about the gaping Mouth, ‘of a more yel- low color, but yet pale alfo; the {pur behind being of a purplifh color; the Seed which fucceds (when
it has any, for it feldom bears) is like to the for-| hab
mer.
VI. The third, or White Flaxweed, has agreat, thick and long Root with fome Fibres or Strings ad- joining to it, from which rife up many Branches or Stalks very large and pliant, befet towards the top with Flowers, but of a pale, whitifh color, and the inner part of the Mouth is fomewbat more wide and openthan the firft, and the Leaves like to the Common fort. Indeed this is in many things like to our Common kind, but the Leaves hereof are larger, and the Flowers greater, and fewer of a pale yel- low, but of a deeper yellow in the Mouth, with fome hairinef$ therein.
VII. The fourth, or Golden Starfafhioned, has a Root compatt of many Strings, intangled one within another ; from whence rife up Stalks very fliff and Woody, befet with Leaves hke the Common Linaria at Sect. IV. ahove, with Flowers at the tops of the Stalks, of a faint fhining, yellowcolor, in form and Shape Jomewhat like unto Conyza major. This Herb is italked and leaved: like Common Flax, and thought by fome to be the true O/jris; for which reafon latter Writers have called it by a Compounded
Lib L.
Name Linofyris, it grows td be three Feet or more high, and is in tafte fharp and bitter, having a Clamminefs or Glutinofity with all.
VIL. The fifth, or Golden Flaxweed, bas a great tufted Fibrous Root, Ew whence rife up many Stalks a Foot and a balf high, which are divided towards the tops into many {mall Branches: On the feveral Tops grow Tufts of finall Flowers, each little flower being parted into five parts, with a little thread or peftle in the middle, rs that it feems full of many golden Hairsor Thrums. The Seed is long and blackith, and is carried away with the Wind. Fabius Columna_ has proved this to be the Chryfo- come defcribed by Diofcorides, Lib. 4. Cap. 55.
IX. The Sixth, or Befom Flaxweed, bas a Root confifting of a great number of blackifh Strings fet together, which, withthe whole Plant perifhes every Year. From this Root prince up moft ufually but one_ ftraight upright fquare Stalk, three foot and a f or more high, (as it grows in our Gardens) _ branching it felf out divers ways; bearing thereon, many long, narrow Leaves like our Garden or Ma- nured Flax, very thick fet together, like unto a Bufh, or rather like unto a fair green Cypre/s-tree, growing broad below, and Spire fafhion u of a very fair green Colour. At the feveral joynts of the Branches towards the To ee among the Leaves, come forth {mall reddifh Flowers, not ea- fily feen, nor much regarded, which turn into round blackifh grey This Broom Flaxweed, tho’ it has no beautiful Flowers; yet the Curious Plant it in their Gardens, becaufe the green Plant full of Leaves, is very delightful to behold, being in Ita/y and other places, planted not only in their Gardens, but alfo in Pots, to furnifh and adorn their Windows; and even. with us it Seley be fo de- leftable a green Bufh, that it is th + aide be wor- thy to be enumerated among our Hortary rarities and delights. :
X. Gerard fays that rhis or Bufhy Flax- wend oom aaa Stalk,bas manyShoots orBranches, making the whole Plant to-refemble a CyprefStree, the Branches growing fo bandfomely , very thickand —
z FE a
os 2 a a es ae ae —-
Chap. 269. Englifh Herbs. = 367
Bulhy, fo that in fome places where it naturally | want that crooked Spur behind, Sometimes theY grows, they make Befomeof it, from whence came the | are of a fad Purple, near unto a Violet Color, and name Scopatia. The Leaves are {mall and narrow, | fometimes of a Paler blew Color, having ayel-
low {pot in the middle, or gaping place. The Flow-
aloft like to the Leaves of Flax. The Flowersare ers being paft fimall, hard, round heads come forth,
mall, and of an Herby color, growing among the] « : Leaves ; it keeps Green to Winter, or till the Frofty | in wbichare-contained final, flat, and greyifh Seed.
weather comes, the hardfhipot which it never out lives.
XIII. The Places. The firlt grows almoft every where thro” the whole Kingdom, both by the Way fides, as in Meadows, and alfo by Hedge fides, and upon the fides of Banks and borders of Fields. The feventh grows on Mountainous placesin Germany; and it has been found growing Wild in England, on the fide of a Chalky Hill, in an Inclofure, on the right hand of the Way as you go ftom Droxford to Poppie Hillin Hampfhire ; all the reft are only nurft up with us in Gardens,
XIV. The Times. They all fowet in the Summer Months, from May to Auguft, and the ii foon after. The eighth, tho’ it often fows it felf, yet by reafona hard frofty Winter may kill the Seed, it Ought to be fown anew every Spring.
XV. The Qualities. They are kotand dryinthe - fecond Degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Diure- tick, Hepatick, Splenetick, and Nigh ticke Cathar: tick, Emmenagogick, Sudorifick, | Alexipharmick. |
XVI. The Specification. They are peculiar againft the Strangury, Dropfie, Jaundice, and Poyfon.
XVII. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. A Fuice, 2. An Effence, 3. An Infufion or Decotfion in Wine. 4. A Pouder of the Seed. 5. A diftiled Water from the whole Plamt. Of all thefe kinds, the firft is the moft effeCtual, and moft ufed;
The Virtues.
XVIII. The Liguid Fuice. Given to three of four. fpoonfuls Moning, Noon, and Night in a Glafs of White Lighon or Port Wine, it gives eafe in the Strangury, powerfully provokes Urine when it is ftopped by Sand, Gravel or Tartarous matter, and carries off by Piffing the Water in Dropfies.. Ie effeGtually provokes the Terms in Women, and drives forth the Dead Child and After-birth. Put into Foul Ulcers, whether they be Cancerous or Fi- ftulous, with Tents rowled therein, or the parts wathed therewith, or it being injetted into them, Cleanfes them throughly from the bottom, and in a fhort time heals them up fafely. It alfo cleanfes the Skin wonderfully from all forts of filthinef$ and de- formities, as Spots, Marks, Freckles, Lentils, Yellow- nef, tawninefs, Wheals, pimples Scabs,Scurfs, Mor- phew, Lees and other the like Defcedations. XIX. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, befides which, it wafhes and cleanfes the Reins and Uretory parts ftom Stones, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous Mucilage heaped up in thofé parts; and taken from two to four Spoonfuls in White Lisbon or Port Wine, it moves the Belly downwards, and prevails both againft the Dropfie and Yellow Jaundice. Dropt into the Eyes, it is a certain remedy againft all Heat, Inflamations, and RednefS therein. It opens obftru€tions of the Liver and Spleen, purifies the Blood, and is good againft Hypochondriack Melancholy, XX. The Infufion, or Decottion in Wine. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but weaker in Operation, and therefore muft be given in larger -Dofes, as to fix, feven or eight Ounces. It expels Poyfon, and is good againit the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, or other venemous Beafts.
Bastar? Toae Flax
LA
Va Fi eS) Sao
4
XI The Seventh, or Baftard Flaxweed, bas a Root which is White, divided into feveral Branches, and dives long, every Year fending up many Stalks, which are hard, pale, green and ftraked; growing to be a oot high or more, and upon thefe, without any order, grow many bard, narrow, long Leaves, like thofe of Flax ; o@ firft of a very tart, but afterwards of a bitterifhb Tafte. The tops of the Stalks are branch- ed out into feveral Foot ftalks, which carry little white Flowers, confifting of five fmall leaves a- piece, lying Star fafhion, with fome threads in the midit. Thefe being paft away, a fingle five cor- netred Seed comes forth, containing a white Pith, in a hard Film or Skin.
XIL. The Eighth, or Purple Flaxweed, has @ Root which is fmall and thready, perifhing for the moft part every Year, and fpringing again of its own fow- ing, if it is fuffered to fhed its Seed, except the hard- nefs of the Winter kills it. From this Root rife up feveral fall, thick, long, and fomewhat narrowifh Leaves, of a whitifh green Color, among which rife up divers Stalks of ‘a Cubit height,befet with long narrow. Leaves, like unto thofe of our Common Klaxweed at Seét. 1V. aforegoing : Thefe Stalks to- wards the Tops,are replenifhed with many {mall Flowers of a Purple Color, growing together one above another, {pike fafhion, which are {mall and fomewhat fweet, whilft they are frefh, and formed much like unto our Firft or Common Flaxweed, with a gaping mouth, but they are much fimaller, and
XI. The Pouder of the Seed: Given to One Dram with the Liquid Juice, or Effence, or Infufi- on or Decostion as aforefaid, and continued for fe-
veral days together, it is held to bea fingular Ke- medy
Preece. -
Favdbasver wrardqurrcy : in Latin Pfeudolinum Jatifoli-
268 Salmon’s
medy fp the Dropfie, by reafon it powerfully eva- cuates Watry Humors. It operates fo much the more effeCtually, if the Pouder of the Bark of Dwarf El- der, be mixed therewith in equal quantities, and it be aromatiz’d with a little Cinnamon.
XXII. The Diftilled Water. It has the Virtues of Juice, Effence and Decoftion, but a&tsina much weaker manner. It cools Inlamations in any part, and may ferve as a Vehicle to convey the other pre- parations in.
CH AP. CCLXX.
Of FLAX WEED Broad leav'd, OR, , TOAD-FLAX, Broad leav'd.
I. HE Names. \tis called in Greek, (if what fome Modern Writers fay, may be admitted
um, Linaria latifolia, Ofyris latifolia, alfo Urinalis, and Urinaria; from the Effeéts : in Engli/h, Broad- leaved Flax-weed, or Toad-flax.
Il. The Kinds. Some have taken this to be the Antirrbinum Plinij , but it may poffibly be the Ofyris Diofcoridis, Cakeni. €7 Plini: Authors make
ve Kinds of this Broad leaved, viz. 1. Linaria latifolia, Sive Onris latifolia, alba Lobelii, White flowred broad leaved Flaxweed. 2. Linaria Ameri- cana flore parvo, American Flaxweed. 3. Linaria — Dalmatica, The Great Da/matian Flaxweed. 4. Linaria Latifola Cretica Major, The great broad leaved Candy Flaxweed. 5. Linaria triphylla Cerulea Apula Fabit Columne, The blew three leaved Flax- weed of Naples.
III. The Deferiptions. The fir/t or white flowred broad leaved, bas a Root which is white, long, thick, and great, enduring feveral Years, and not decaying, from which -Root dof up many tough, pliant Stalks, with many Leaves thereon, fome broad, cut into ma- ny narrow long flips, and fome of them long and narrow, without any cut or os toons like thofe of our Common narrow leaved Flaxweed in Chap. 259. Sett.4.Set fometimesupon a middle Rib, after aWinged fafhion,yet commonly at the end of the rib, broad,and divided into two or three,or more parts. At the tops of the Stalks grow feveral pale, whitifh Flowers, refembling the aforenamed common kind, but with a wider and more open mouth. TheSeed is not unlike the other, being very {mooth.
IV. The fecond, or American kind; bas a Root like the former, which fhoots forth feveral {mall flen- der, reddifh Stalks, fpread inte many branches, on which grow on both fides of them ( but without an order) many dark green Leaves, which are pia | in refpett to the narrow leav'd kinds, but narrower than thofe of Dalmatia or Candy next following, tho” not much shorter, and end in a fharp Point. The Flowers grow at tops of the Stalks, in the fame manner which the Common narrow leaved kind do, at Chap. 269. Seéf. 4. and are of a gold yellow co- Jor, but much leffer than they.
V. The third, or Great Dalmatian, bas a Root which is white, and {preads it felf by feveal ramifi-
cations under Ground, not perifhing as the Wild kind does, but abiding in the Winter with both Root and
Stalks, Jhooting forth frefh Leaves every Spring.
ae
0. The tops of the Stalks aré,replenifhed with fuch
Lib
Herbal.
Thefe Leaves are fair, large, and green, fpreading upon the Ground, being about 2 inches long, and an Inch broad, ending — fharp pointed,withouta . foot-ftalks atthem,but ri ch
is firm,hard and round, about 2 or 2 Feet high, and
has like Leaves fet thereo the top, but leffer and leffer, as they grow higher, The Stalk is branched at the top, having at every one of the branches fuch like gold-yellow Flowers as are in
g up with the Stalk, whi
without any order,up to
ikes of deep, or e Common Wild Kind at Chap. 269. Seé.4. with Spurs behind them; but each of them are three or four times larger than the Common aforenamed; and the Seed is alfolike - g: the fame, and enclofed in like heads, but larger.
VI. The fourth, or Great broad leav’d Candy, bas @ Root which is hard and white, bigger at the head, and {mall below,with fome Fibres adjoining to it. This Root -fends forth a round thick Stalk, two or three feet high, fpreading into many branches, on which are fet fometimes two, and fometimes three Leaves together, on a finall foort-ftalk on each fide of them, fometimes one againft another, and fometimes not, without keeping ni order, each of which is larger and longer than thofe of the Da/matian kind, and of a grteyifh green color, with three veins or ribs in e- very one of them. At thetops of the branches grow Flowers made for the Form, like the other kinds, _ but of a differing color; for the gaping Mouth is of a pale blew, and more yellow underneath, with a pale or blewifh, and fometimes more arith Spur behind ; the Heads and Seed, are alfo like thofe of-our Common Wild kind at Cap. 269. Seif. 4. aforementioned. b. jaf
VIL. The fifth, or Blew three leav’d, bas a Root which is {mall and white, which fends forth fometimes but one Stalk, fometimes more than one, which are White: At whofe joints is fometimes but one, and ometimes three Leaves fet together, divided almoft like Rue leaves, but larger, and cut deeper in, ani
inted at the ends of agreyifh green, or Afh color.
like Flowers, but~ftnaller, ‘and wholly of a blew color, excepting the Mouth which is yellow. being paft away, fmall round Heads follow, con taining large, flat, and blackifh Seed.
VIII. The Places. Their Names or Title thew their Original, or in what ee they are Natives; but being brought to us are Nurft uponly in Gardens: and the firft is a peculiar Garden Plant.
IX. The Times. They all Hower in the Summer Months, from the end of May to the end of Aw- guft, but with us, fcarcely give any ripe Seed ; The American kind flowers very late, as about the end of Axuguft. ;
X. The Qualities, Specifications, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofé of the narrow leav’d kind, and in efpecial with the that Species in the laft ger that being themoft eftecacious of them all; after which, thefe of the broad leav’d kind come next in place.
XI. Ax Obfervation. The broad leav’'d Flaxweed is by much the more powerful opener of Obftructi- ons of the Reins, ters, and Blader, and the greater provoker of Urine, From which emine
of Uri- in the
faculty it was, that ir obtained the Names nalis and Urinaria : It gives prefent eal Srangury, heat, pain, thaieet and fcalding of rine, and expels Stones, Gravel, Sand, :
rous Mucilage from the Urinary parts, t
the Juice, oftion, S Pouder, &%c. "
. eee F Chap 27!. Enghf> Herbs. (389
four together. The Flowers grow at the tops of the Stalks and Branches, and are in form like thofe of the Common narrow leaved kind aforementioned, but of a moft perfect Violet color : They are fome- what great, and ftand not fo thick cluftering toge- ther, the lower lip where it gapes, is of a gold yel- low color, to wit, the Spot in the Mouth, the reft of the Flower being of a delicate purple blew. Af- ter the Flowers are paft, come round Heads, which are {omewhat great and thick, and contain within po a flat blackifh Seed, in two partitions or ells. IV. The Places. ‘The firft grows Wild in many places, as upon Stone Walls, gravelly Grounds, tren Fields, and along by Hedge fides. The fecond | is a Native of Spain. The third grows upon the i higher Alps: with us they are only Nurft up in Gardens of the Curious. . VIL The Times. They all Flower from the end of May, to the end of Auguft : The Seed ripening in the mean Seafon. VIII. Lhe Qualities. Specifications, Preparations, and Virtues are the fame with our Common narrow leav'd Flax-weed in Chap. 269. to which we refer you, and therefore fhall fay no more of thern here.
CHA P. CCLXXI
| of FLAX WEED Creeping, Y.&, | TOAD-FLAX Dwarf.
rset
I. T HE Names. It may be called in Greek Peudbaavon Serov, in Latin Pfeudolinum repens, Linaria pant : and in Englifh Dwarf or Creeping Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. Il. The Kinds. Authors make fix or more kinds, moft of them ftrangers to us in England , the chiet which we fhall take notice of in this place, are the three SRowing. viz. 1. Linaria cerulea repens,
The Creeping, or Dwarf, blew, sg ore Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. 2. Linaria pumila ifpanica, Spanifh Dwarf Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. This is Ofyris fla- va Sylveftris Baubini, and the O/yris minor Tabern montani. 3. Linaria quadrifolia fupina, Ot quadrifolia Alpina; Linaria Alpina Gefneri, LinariatertiaSty- yiaca Clufii, Four leav’d Creeping Flaxweed, or blew Mountain Toad Flax.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Creepin Dwarf, blew, or purple Flaxweed, bas a Root whic is made up of many kibres, and abides, not perifhing
in the Winter; this Root fends forth a number of {mall F- sees me. leaning down to the ey ghee cing able to fland , fet very full an with- é' out order, with tee 3 ee f like those of manured Flax, which are. 1 narrow, and Afhcolored, and are continued up tothe £ops : the Stalks , where they divide themfelwes met A ral other Branches, which have all of them Jong Heads or Spikes of Flowers, ve- ry fmall, andof a fine blewifh purple color, with a yellow Spot ia the Mouths of them. The Seed is much like to *thatof our Common narrow leav'd ae os 369. Seét. 4. aforegoing. é
CHA P. CCLXXI.
of FLEBA NE _ Greater.
I. |: HE Names. It is called in Greek Korie ; in Latin Conyza, and in Englih Flebane. IL The Kinds. _We_divide it into four kinds, viz. 1. Conyza major, The greater Flebane. 2. Co- nyza minor, The \effer Flebane. 3. Conyza pumila, ; warf Flebane. 4. Comyza palufiris, Water Fle- ane.
up many weak Branches, not able to fland upright, rifing 10 be dbout fix Inches or more high: on which do grow many long and narow Leaves, very like
ference. ; V. The third, or four leaved cresping Flaxweed, bas a Root which is fmall, or flender, and white, Spreading it Self unter Ground feveral ways, and perifhes not in Winter, but endures many ears. From this Root fhoot forth feveral fmall weak Stalks, of the length of thofe Ua, ‘deferibed, lying almoft up- on the Ground, antl ; nally divided into many smaller branches, even Jrom the bottom ;, wpon which ‘are feta great many fmall, fhort, whitifh green Leaves, very orderly one above another, that is, at fome but two al at ome S ‘aah ea at others four, not ing always exactly to the tame num- ily below shey growing more exactly up-
Thefe Leaves are leffer than thofe of our Go narrowleaved Flaxweed in Chap. 269. Seft..4- deing . thick and juicy, growing u nthe Stalks at) certain fpaces, fometimes three, but moft ufuvally
Bbb IIL. of
350. Salmons Herbal. Lib
Ul. Of the greater kinds of Flebane, thefe offer | (er thereon without order, of a fad, or dark green themfelves, uz. 1. Conyza Major vera Diofcoridés, | color, each of which is four or five Inches long, and The true gteater Fleabane of Dio/coridis. 2. Cony-| an Inch and half broad. The Flowers are yellow, <a major Montana Germanica, great Mountain fomewhat larger than the other, every one flanding Flebane of Germany. 3. Coayza Helenitis mellita | at the tops of the Branches, upon a long $ in incana, Hoary mullet Flebane, with Elecampane | the fame manner as the former do, viz. J Leaves. 4. Comysa Helenitis folris /aciniatis, Great | or Border of Leaves, and many fall thrums in the jagged Flebane. 5. Conyza Helenitis pilofa, Hairy | middle, which pafs into Down, and are carried a- Mullet Flebane. 6. Conyza media, The middle kind | way with the Wind, as the former are. Note. There of Flebane. . is another of this fort with longer leaves, and lef-
3 oe: fer flowers
IV The Defcriptions. The firft, or true greater| VI. The third, or Hoary Mullet Fleabane, with Flebane, has a thick, long, durable and Fibrous | Elecampane Leaves, bas a Root which is compofed of Root, which fends forth many Stalks, two or three | many black Strings or Fibres, by which it takes faft Keer or more high, which are hard,tcoody,rough,bairy,
iY, | bold of the Ground, which fends up feveral long, fat,and of an overworn color.The Leaves grow with- | and fomewbat broad Leaves, alnoft in fafbion like out order, alternately embrace the Stalks, and are
to Foxglove Leaves, but that thefe are hoary or gr many, long, fomewhat narrow, and of a yellowifh zp
on the upper fide, and of a brownifh green on t. green color, dented a little about the edges, twice | under fide, berein fomewbat like to the Leaves of as large as thofe of the Olive-tree, which are rough
Rha Helenii folio, or Baftard Rhuburb’ with Ele- or hairy, and very fat or clammy, being as it were
fat } campane Leaves. The Leaves are very Hoary alfo, befmeared with a fattinefS or gummineis, which is much more in hot Countries than it is in this of
the Plant rifing to be two or three Feet high, fet with the like Leaves as grow below, but fimaller and ours ; thefe Leaves are fomething like unto thofe of the Italian Star Wort, but larger, and rhore pointed
fmaller as they grow towards the tops, where many
Flowers ftand together, like unto the former Fle- at the ends. Towards the tops of the Stalks come ; forth the flowers, at every joint with the leaves a
yellow flower, which is fomewhat large,and round, almoft like the Flower of Hawkweed or Groundfel, which when it is full ripe, turns into Down, and flies away with the Wind. The {fmell hereof is fomewhat ftrong, but {weet withal, and not unplea- fant: It is fo glutinous and clammy, that what fall thing foever, as Flies, Fleas, &c. {hall hap- pen to fall or light thereon, are held faft and caught; and for this reafon it was called Fiebane, not for that it has any quality, of otherwife poy- foning of killing them.
which turn into Down, and fly away with the Wind. The whole Plant is fomewhat clammy, yet much lefS than the firft, and much {weeter than it, finel- ling much like Honey. : ;
Fleabane great Fagged.
Wi
= pax i NZ S7])| 2—> KEN I= A J
SSAA ~ SSS
SS S ~ ~F SSS] A
VII. The fourth or Great Jagged Flebane, has a bufhy Fibrous ote tee which arife thick, crefted, ’
"'_ S22 i> “s FLAS SSS Leaband’ Canmon,
V. The fecond, or Great Mountain, has a Fi- brous Root which fends forth feveral round green Stalks, two feet or more high, but not near fo clam- my as the former, baving many long pointed Leaves:
veral Branches. The Leaves which encompafS the
Stalk, are deeply gafht or cut inon the edges, being of that
4
ngth, all of them extended to a {harp point. turn into” Down, and fly away ‘ind. , The
banes, and much greater than thofe of Gromwel, '
and hollow Stalks, drvided towards the tops, into fe- -
a very confiderable length, and broad inrefpeétto e arp The Flowers are Star fafhion, of a bea! fe " i the
Chap. 272. |
“Englilh Herbs.
371
The whole Plant is covered over with a fott and | Infusion or Decottion in Wine. 4. An Oil by Infola-
tender Down, and fimells fomething like Honey.
VIII. The fifth, or Hairy Mullet Fleabane, bas a bufhy Fibrous Root like to the laft , but in its Stalks. Leaves and Howers is fo like the third aforegoing, that there is no other difference to be found, but that in both Leaves and Stalks, befides the hoarinefs, this is much more hairy and rough than it, which caufes itto be a differing kind from it.
7 WZ
/ / NS ly!
K \
\\If ~ \} NY Wyld Hf
r
IX. The fixth, or Middle kind, bas a Root which is pretty large and Fibrous, from whence arifes a branched Stalk of about a ¥oot and half high; en-
compaffed at certain fpaces, with thick, rough, grey-| th
ifh, green Leaves. At the tops of the Branches grow pretty fair yellow Flowers, of the largenefS of a little Marigold, which being faded away, turn into Down, and are carried away wich the
ind.
X. The Places. The firlt grows in Syria, Clufius found it near Lisbon, and in divers parts of Spain ; but with us it grows only in Gardens. The fecond on Mountainous places in Germany, England, &c. as alfo in Gardens : Fobannes Thaliws found it in Harcynia Sylva in Saxony, and we in many places of our own Country, as neat Hampftead, &c. The third, fourth,and fifth,are found upon the Hillsin Ar- tois,and fome Hilly places in our own Land. The fixth is found growing in moft places about Rivers and Ponds fides, €c. and has been found in St. Fames’s Park, Tuttle Fields, &c.
XI. The Times. They all flower in the Months of Fune, Fuly, and Auguft, fome earlier, and fome ‘later than others;the Seed ripening in the mean feafon.
XIl. The Qualities. Fleabane is hot and dry in the third Degree : it is Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diu-
retick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Alexipharmick. XID The Specification. _\t is fingular againft the Strangury, Jaundice, griping of the Guts, Epilep- fy, green Wounds, bitings of Mad Dogs, and all pik of Venemous Creatures, €7c. XIV. The Preparations. You may prepare there- from, 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2 An Effence. 3. An
tion. §. A Balfam.6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Spirituous Tindure. 8! An Oily Tinture.
The Virtues.
XV. The Liquid Fuice of Leaves and Flowers. It provokes the Terms in Women, and expels the Dead Child and Afterbirth; it cures the Strangury, for it
rovokes Urine admirably when it is made by ar0PS by opening the Paflages, and expelling the Morbi- fick Matter, be it what it will. Dofe two or three Spoonfuls, Morning and Night, taken in a Gla of fragrant Wine, or other fit Vehicle. VI. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues, befides which it opens’all ObftruCtions of Gall, Li- ver, Spleen, Reins, and Womb; it is good againft
the Yellow Jaundice, and the Griping pains of the
Belly, and being taken to three or four Spoonfils in Vinegar or Wine, it prevails againft the Epilepfie or Falling-SicknefS; injeSted up the Womb ir brings away both Birth and Afterbirth, being alfo at the fame time taken inwardly: given in Red Port Wine it {tops any Flux of the Belly.
XVIL The Infufion or Decottion in Wine. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence , but muft be given in larger quantities, as to four, fix, or eight Ounces: being given Morning and Evening it admi- rably warms and ae acold, moift, and weak Stomach, provokes Urine powerfully, and prevails againft all forts of Pains and Griefs of the Womb: if the Deco€tion is made in Water, it is good for Women to Bath in whofé Cuurfes are ftopr, as alfo to eafe all forts of Pains and Griefs of thofe parts.
XVIII. The Oil by lvfufon. Anointed on the Head it eafes the Headach and Megrim, coming from a cold Caufe; anointed all along the Back Bone, on the Stomach, and on the Pulfes, it is very effeCtual to take away the fhaking Fits of Agues, and’ thofe Tremblings which come from cold.
XIX. The Balfam. It is an extraordinary thing for curing fimple green Wounds, it brings to Dige- ftion, cleanfés, dries, and heals after a fingular man- ner; anointed on the Hamorrhoids it gives eafé in the extremity of Anguifh, and in a little time cures
em. XX. The Cataplafm. The green Leaves made into a Pultice, by beating in a Mortar, &c. and ap- plied to any fimple green Wound, or Cut, being firft well wafhed or cleanfed, heals it in a very thort {pace of time, warms and comforts parts chilled with cold, and applied to the Forehead is a good expedient to cure the Frenzy; {0 alfo being applied - to the Soles of the Feet; and fo applied, it-is faid to ftop any Flux of the Bowels.
XX. The Spirituous Tintture. Itis good againft Vomiting and Naufeoufnefs, expels Wind, and com- forts and warms a cold, moiit, and weak Scomach; it is good againft Poyfons, the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, and all forts of other Venomous Creatures ; it cures all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels, whether they be of Blood or Humors, and is an extraordi- nary thing to be taken two, three, or four times a day in any fit Vehicle, (from two to four, or fix Drams) by fuch as are affe€ted with the Palfie.
XXIL The Oily Tintture. This ufed as the Info- lated Oil aforegoing, is much more powerful to warm thofe parts which are chilled with cold, and to take away the cold and fhaking Fits of Agues., as alfo to cure Tremblings, Numbnef$ of any part, Palfies, Convulfions, Cramps, and the like; anoint- ed on the Piles which are not broken, ir prefently eafes the Pain, difcufles the Tumor, and in two or three times anointing cures them; it is an effectual thing againft Pun&tures, Hurts, and Bruifes of the
Bbb2 Nerves
Salmon’s Herbal. — Lib. I ;
Nerves and Tendons; and given inwardly from ten to twenty or thirty a Seas firft into fine White la
Sugar) mixed with a Glafs of White Port Wine, it facilitates the Birth, brings away the Afterbirth, or
Dead Child, opens Obftruétions of the Reins, Ure- | pafS
ters, and Bladder, and brings prefent Relief in the Strangury , caufed by fmall Srones, Sand, Gravel, or Tartarous Matter lodged in thofe parts.
CHAP. CCLXXIIL Of FLEABANE the Leffer.
17° HE Names. Fleabane the leffer.
Il. The Kinds. It is the fecond Species of Flea- ina Theo-
bane, and is twofold, viz. 1. Comyza famina
phrafti, Conyza minor vera Diofcoridis, Pena, Clufij
2 3 “Fleabone of De 2. Conyza cerulea acris, Tintlorius flos}i alter Tragi, Comyza odorata caerulea, Erigeronm quar- atelaria Gefneri, Conyza muralis, & Conyzoides Cerulea Gefneri, Conyza Crrulea Ta-
Gefneri, & aliorum, The true leffer
ofcoridss. tum Dodonet ,
bernamontani, Amellus Montanus Columne ; Blew floured
with in England.
II. The Deferiptions. The firft, or true {mall
Fleabane, has a Root which is fingle, fmall and flen- der, with a few Fibres thereat, which perifhes every Year. This Root fends forth feldom more than one Stalk, which is about a Foot and balf bigh, fometimes not above a Foot, and fometimes not a Foot high, ac- cording to the goodnefs of the Soil it is planted in : It is fomewhat hairy and glutinous, or clammy, as the true greater Fleabane, but greener than that great kind. This Stalk is divided into many branches, which are alfo rough and glutinous. The Leaves are long and narrow ; fomewhat like thofe of Lina-
ria, ot Flaxweed, but three times lefs than thofe of
the greater Fleabane in Chap. 272. Seéf. 4. afore- going, and are hairy and unétious or clammy al- fo. With the fimall Leaves, at the tops of the Branches come forth fmall pale yellow Flowers, which are leffer, and lef fhiningthanin the faid greater Fleabane, which pafling away, the Heads are turned into Down, and are carried away with the Wind, as the others are. This whole Plant finells {weeter than moft of the others do, and dies eve Year, and raifes it felf of its own Sowing, or elfe mutt. be new Sown every Year. IV. The fecond, or Blew flowred Fleabane, has a fall Fibrous and yellow Root, of avery hot and biting tafe, which from its Head fends up feveral longifh Leaves, fomewhat like thofe of the Garden Daifie, but a little writhed : The Stalk is about half @ Yard high, and fet alternately with twined longifh, narrow, and fomewhat rough Leaves, of an ‘ everworn green colour. Some Authors fay, the Stalk grows fometimes to be about two Feet high, brownifh at the bottom, and is fet here and there up to the top, with longer and narrower Leaves,
compofed of many fmall and narrow, blewifh pur- ple Leaves, fomething white at the ends or tips, with a {mall yellow Hat Thrum in the middle; in
Tt is called in Greek Kovifa ur xeds in Latin Conyza minor, and im Englifh\
Fleabane. There are are fome others of this leffer kind, but they are not at all to be met
which middle, there arifes up feveral white threads, whereby each flower, confifting of three colors, White, Purple, and Yellow ; makes it feem the more dele&table to behold. After thefe Flowers away, there comes in thofe Husks or Heads which held them, fimally long Seed, lying in the Down, each having fome thereof at its |
there ¢ when ripe ) is blown a-
-way with the Wind, if not gathered. Thewhole
Plant is of a fharp tafte, but the Root much more, and is nearly as hot as Pepper, of a ftrong, but not unpleafant imell ae
Lions in France, and upon the A/ps
It ie upon many Chalky ills in
VI. The Times. The firft Flowers in Fune and Fuly ; the fecond in Auguft, whofe Flowers tur
iguiciy into Down, and are carried away with the
in VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, and Virtues are the with the True greater Fleabane in the former Chapter, to which we now refer you; but with this Ob/ervation, that thee leffer Fleabanes, are much more efficacious to all the Lt atorementiomed ; and are much more. werful and effeftual to help any Flux, or bloody ux of the Bowels.
VIII. Nota. The Root of the Blew flowred, be: ing held in the Mouth, abfolutely Cures the Tooth- ach. )
CHAP. CCLXXIV. Of FLEABANE Dwarf.
I. HE Names. \t is called in Greek, Korie
rm, x vavid'ns, x) Xauanira : in Latin Comy-
i Pumila, Chamaconyza : in Englifh Dwarf Fea- ane.
Il. The Kinds. This is the third Species of Fleabane : And it is two fold, viz. 1. Conysa Pue mila, Conyza minor Tragi, Matthiol, Conyza mimt- ma Lobelii & Dodonei; Our Vu Dwarf Flea- _ bane. 2. Coayza minor Rauwolfii, a minor Sy riaca, Syrian {mall Fleabane.
AH. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Vulgar Dwarf Fleabane, has a fmall and Fibrous Root, from whence arifes a branched Stalk, about a Foot bigh, fet wun .
Small longifh Leaves, fomewhat roundifh porte ia
where it is divided into fmall and fhort Branches; | /oft a//o and woolly, with a Smell not unpleafamtas
on which, grow many Flowers one above another, | fome of thofe going before. ‘The Flowers arereple
in fimall, longifh, caly green Heads or Husks, | nifhed with many yellow Threads, like to the: ede a
.
dle part of Camomil Flowers, or thofe of Tan
fic; and as the former turn into Down, and ate carried away with the Wind ho
Chap. 27 5. Englif Herbs. | 373
jor, Conyza aquatica Gefneri, Conyza maxima fer rati jis Thalii ; Lingua major Dalechampu, & Lugdunenfis, Confolida_palujtris Tabérnamontani, The Greater, Water or Marfh Fleabane. 2. Cony- za aquatica minor Thali & Baubini, Conyza pa- luftris minor, The \effer Water or Marth Flea- bane. .
a, >
——— MET Zc ZFS Ni vA —>
|g
IV. The fecond, or Small Syrian Fleabane, has @ Small Fibrous Root like the former, whence {pring forth many fmall low Stalks or Branches, about a Foot or more bigh, whereof but few fland upright, the moft of them leaning or lying down. upon the | Ground, and taking Root again in feveral places as | they lic. The Leaves which grow thereon, are fall and long, fomewhat like unto the Leaves of r. the O/ive-tree: They are Hairy, Fat, and Clam- my, of a ftrong Smell, yet fomething fweet with- all At the Topsof the Stalks, grow the Flowers, which are and yellow like unto thofe of the firft kind in Chap. 273. Se. 3. aforegoing ; which when they are ripe, turn into Down, and fly away with the Wind, as the others do. V. The Places. The firlt grows plentifully in fuch Places as are Plafhy, or Wet in Winter. The - fecond Reuwolfius found growing about Trrpo/y in Syria and here is only Nurft up in Gardens. 1 The Times. The firft flowers in Fuly and Auguft, the Seed ripening in the mean Seafon : The fecond flowers in Auguft, and with us fome- thing alter, if carefully lookt after. VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, and Virtues of thefe are the fame with thofe of the Greater Fleabane in Chap. dg aforegoing ; fo that no more need be faid thereot.
Ill. The Deferiptions. The fir/?, or greater Wa- ter Fleabane, bas a large Root, replenifhed with a vaft_ number of Fibres, which fends forth hollow and crefted Stalks, a Yard or more high, having feveral aes as it were, and branched out towards the top.
t bears its leaves in an unorderly manner, which are long and narrow, fharp pointed, and fhiptabout the edges like a Saw; hairy, and green on the up- per fide, and grey or woolly underneath. At the tops of the S and Branches grow many yellow Flowers, pretty large, very like to thofe of Ragwort, which, when they are ripe, turn into Down, andare quickly carried away with the Wind.
IV. The fecond, or \effer Water Fleabane, iz its Root, Stalks and Flowers, is much like the former, as alfo in its manner of growing, faving that it is fmaller and lower than that is , and the Leaves are fometimes much lefS dented or jagged on the edges ; and the Flowers likewife ftand not, but One ona Stalk for the moft part; which are like the former, alfo yellow.
C HAP. CCLXXV. V. The Places. They both grow near Water fides, and in Plafhy and Wet Grounds, which are not often dry ; but being planted in Gardens wheie there is a rich Mould, they profper very well.
VI. The Times. They both of them flower in Auguft and September, and their Seed is ripe not long after, and is fuddenly carried away with the Wind.
VU. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Great Fleabane in Chap. 272. aforegoing, to which I refer
you,
Of FLEABANE Water.
I. He Names. It is called in Greek Kovila
tania, iaedns +: in Latin a ee
Conyza aquatica, Confolida paluftris , in Eng- lifh Water Eleabane. .
IL The Kinds. This is the fourth Species of
Eleabane, and is twofold, viz, Conyza palujtris ma-
=—_
274, Salmon’s
You. Authors fay, that this Water Fleabane is as effectual and admirable a Wound Herb, as any of thofe the moft admired.
CHAP. CCLXXVL Of FLE AW OR TS
I. T HE Names. It is called in Arabick Bazara
Cathona, Bezer Cothume : in Greek Yano : in Latin P/yllium, Pulicaria, & Pulicaris berba : in Englifh kleawort. This Name is given to it,
not becaufe when it is brought green into the Houfe,
that itdrives away Fleas; but becaufe the Seed there- of is very like to them. Oe! eg
Il. The Kinds. Authors make four kinds of this Plant, but becaufe feldom more than three come to our hands, we fhall only defcribe them. 1. The:firft of thefe is called Yancy xiv, Pfyllium Vulgare, Pulicaria Vulgaris, Cynops Theopbrafti, Common or ordinary Fleawort. 2.. P/yllium majus femper Vi- rens ; Pfyllium alterum Gefneri, Pp llium perenne Gefneri €? Camerarii;, Pfyllium Esidetle forte majus radice perenne Lobel; The great ever green Fleawort. 3. P/yllium Indicum foliis Crenatis, P/yl- lium Americanum, vel floridianum foliis crenatis,
The Indian or American Fleawort with dented
Leaves. This is P/yilium primum Anguillare, and the P/ylium verum Diofcoridis as Baubinus thinks.
Ill. The Deftriptions. The firff, or Common Fleawort, has a Root which is not long, but white, bard and Woody, perifbing every Year, and raifing it felf again of its own Seed for many Years, if it i ‘Suffered to fhed it. From this Root comes forth a Stalk about two Feet high or more, full of Foints,
- and Spreading it felf out on all fides into many « branches, almoft from the bottom to the tops and at
Herbal, Lb. 1.
every Joint ftand two fmall, long, and narrow whj- tifh green Leaves, fometbing hairy. , At the tops of the Stalks and Branches, ftand féveral fimall, thore,
{caly or chafty Heads, out of which come forth,
{mall whitifh, yellow Threads, fuch as Plantane
Heads do give, which ate the bloomings or flowers,
The Seed is encloféd in thofe Heads, and is fmall, and fhining whilft it is frefh, very like unto Fleas,
both for its color and bignefS, ( from whence came
the Name) but turning black when it is old. The
whole Plant is fomewhat whitifh, and hairy; {mel-
ling a little like Rofin..
V. The fecond, or Great evergreen Fleawort, Eas a long, bard and Woody Root, which perifhes not, but lives in Winter, keeping its Leaves Green all that Seafon, whence came its Epitbite of femper vi- tens, or never dying. From this Root fpring forth feveral long and tough Branches, of a Woody fubs : {tance like the former, but that they, as alfo their ‘Branches are fomewhat greater, longer, and harder, and do a little more bow down to the Ground. The Leaves which grows forth at the joints, refem- ble the former, but are much longer and much nar- rower. At the tops of the Stalks and Branches, and at the Joints come forth chafty Tufts, ftanding Sen long foot-ftalks, which are very like to the Ear of the — mae Phalaris, or Canary Seed; in which Headsor Tufts is contained the Seed,which is like the former. ,
V. The third, or American Fleawort, bas a Long Woody Root with fome Fibres adjoining, which fe forth a Woody, reddifh, rough Stalk, next to the Ground, growtng to be about'a Foot high, and fpread- ing it felf out into divers Branches. The Lear ftand at the joints thereof, and are fomewhat long, narrow pointed at the end, and a little dented in, or rather torn on the edges, and hairy alfo like the former. ‘The tops of the Branches are more ftored with Heads than the former, but of the fame big- nefs and fafhion, with Flowers growing in the fame manner, containing within them fhining Seed like to the others. So
VI. The Places. The firft grows in Italy and Spain, in Fields, and untilled places, but with us only in Gardens. The fecond grows plentifully in Fields, near the Sea-fhoar or Coaft, as alfo inmany of our Gardens. The third is a native of the In- dies, and has been found growing in Florida, and in the Southern parts of Carolina : From fome p of which Continent it was brought into the Euro- pean parts of the World. Sgt
VII. The Times. They all flower with us in Fune and Fuly, but in their native places all the Summer long.
VIII. The Qualities. The Seed of thefe Plants is that which is chiefly ufed in Medicine, and that ‘ both Galen and Serapio fay, is cold in the fecond Degree, but temperate in refpett to moifture or drynefs. It is Emollient, Lubrificative, Anodyne, Pe€toral, and a little Cathartick. Some Authors = have written that the frequent inward ufe of this $ Seed is very dangerous, but it is no otherwife true, than as it falls out in other great cooling Herbs, as Houfleek, Henbane, Lettice, Nightfhade, and the like, which are all. fafe enough, if Wifely and fittily applied: ° but Ignorance, Rafhnefs, ! difcretion, in the application of Medicaments, oftentimes done harm, and brought diferedittothofe Medicaments which (having been free from any dangerous effe€ts) were in all appearance to Wile Phyficians of the greateft Ufe in the Art of } “a cine: The fame is to be faid in the ufes: oo
+) ae b 4 _, \ oh pols Bh,
heals them, b th ogee 7s a
IX. The Specification. tis good againft burning Fevers, Inflammations, HearfenefS, Pleurify, He- morthoids or Piles ; caufes Expe€toration, and quenches the moft vehement Thirft.
»€ Preparations. You may have therefrom,
‘3. A Mucilage of the Seed. 2. An Ointment. 3. |
The Seed fryed. “4. A Catapla/m of the Seed. 5. A liquid Fat of the Herb.
The Virtues.
XI. The Mucilage of the Seed. It is made with Barley Water, or Damask Rofe Water, or with pure Spring Water, by a bare Infufion of the Seed in the Water, without bruifing of it, juft as Jou make a Mucitage of Clary Seed. Vf it is made with Barley Water, and is dulcified with Syrup of Damask Rofes or Violets, and fo drank to four, fix or eight Ounces, it opens the Stomach and Bowels, and evacuates downwards grofg Flegm and Melancholy, with o- ther vifcous Humors : but withal it heals the Cor- Tofion of the Bowels caufed by hot, (harp and cho- Jerick Humors, or from the over-working of violent Medicines, fich as Scammony, Rofin of Fallap, Colo- quintida, Bfula, &c. If it is made with Spring Wa- ter, and dulcified with Sytup of Violets, or Syru p of Corn Poppies, it is good againft all hot, burning and malign Fevers and Inflammations of the Vifcera: it cools the Heat, quenches Thirft, and lenifies the Drinef§ of the Mouth, Tongue and Throat. . It helps alfo the Hoarfenefs of the Voice, and other Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs, caufed by Heat or falt fharp
umors; and the Pleurify or Peripneumony, if gi- venintime. If it is made with Damask Rofe Water, and fweetned with Syrup of Red Rofes, it is good againft Heat, Pain and Ptaxes of the Bowels ; and is a fingular Remedy ina Tenafinus.
XII. The Ointment. Take rhe Yolk of one Egg, Unguentum Populeon one Ounce, Mucilage of Flea- wort Seed a fuficient quantity ; mix and make all ito an Ointment. It is an extraordinary thing if it is applied to the Hemorrhoids or Piles, laying it on a Cloth, and binding it on them. It helps alfo all Inflammations in any part of the Body, and eafes the Pains which are caufed thereby. Applied to the
or Breakings out in the Skin, as Blains, Wheals, anges red Puftles in the Face, Puthes, and the C.
XIII. The fryed or parched Seed. If it is either eaten, or otherwife ad to pouder, and fo taken, It is of excellent Ufe to ftop all forts of Fluxes of the Belly, and heals the Corrofions of the Bowels, caufed by acrid or tharp and malign Humors, or the Corrofivenef§ of violent and fharp Purgers. XIV. The Cataplafm. Made of the Mucilage with the bruifed Seed, Oil of Rofes and Vinegar, with a ifficient quantity of Rice or Bean Flower, it is good againft Pains of’ the Joints, and WeaknefS of the fame caufed by the Gout, Sciatica, €'c.. which Pains It eafes, as alfo Ruptures in young Children, and the Swelling out of the Navel, being applied : it heals ‘ “hi Nipples and fore Breafts of Women giving Suck. ~ XV. The Fuice of the Herb, If it is mixt with a little Honey, and put into the Ears, it helps the Running of them, and kills Worms breeding there- in. The fame mixt with Hogs Lard, and applied tO Corrupt and filthy Ulcers, cools them, removes their Tntlammation, eafes the Pain, cleanfes and Humors flowing
which when ripe, is of a yellow color.
CH A P. CCLXXVIL of FLIX WEED.
L. HE Names. It ig called in Latin, Sophia, and Sophia Chirurgorum, by Gerard , allo Pfeudonapturtium fyloefire, and by tome Thattetrum or Thulttrum, (tho? thefe two laft are Narnes which more properly belong to Meadoto Rue :) fome will have it to be Sophia Paraceifi, by which, it is faid, he did fuch Wonders: alfo Seriphium Germanicum Tragi, Accipitrina “eapiat, Neflurtium fylvefire tenuifolium divifum. Bau bint, Eruca Gelatina Italo» rum Lobelii: in Englifh, Hixweed.:
Il. The Kinds. Authors. make two forts here- of, vis. 1. Sophia angustifolia, Narrow-leay'd Flix- weed. 2. Sopbia Jatifolia, Broad-leay'd Flixweed , which yet Gerard thinks may be both but one kind, the Leaf théreof growing fairer and larger according co the RichnefS or GoodnefS of the Soil. Their Defcriptions:follow.
III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Natrow- leav'd Flixweed, has a Root pai is on aut woody, erifhing every Year ; yet if it be Suffered to feed, ol hel its Seed it will be wonderfully encreafed the next Year. From this Root it rifes up with a round, fmooth, hard, upright Stalk, half a yard or two feet high, feldom more, and fpreads it {éIf into feveral Branches, by which it becomes a beautiful (confidering the Plant) or pleafant kind of Buhh ; on which Stalk and Branches do grow many Leaves, of ‘an over-worn greyith green color, finely cut and divided intoa number of fine Jaggs, like unto thofe of Roman Wormwood, or finalleft Leaves of Corian- der, The Flowers grow upon the Stalk and Branches, Spike fafhion, which/are very fimall, and of a dark yellow color ; which being pafs’d away, fmall, long Pods fucceed, containing much Seed,
‘IV. The
—_
Salmon’s Herbal. bib. I. XI. The Ejjence. . Drunk to two or three Ounces mixed with Red Wine, it has the Virtues of the
liquid Juice ; befides which, it ftops the Bloody- fluxe, and all other Fluxes of Blo x
rte ert ee ee
and Fluxes ot the Belly, and is no lefS powerful than P/antane or Comfrey in the aforefaid Cafés, as alfo to confo- ° lidate Bones which are broken or out of Joint.
XIL. The Decottion in Smiths-forge Water, or ig Wine. It has all the Virtues of the JuiceandEG fence, and performs the fame Fffetts ; but ought to be given Morning and Evening for fome confide. rable time, and that to the quantity of fix or ei Ounces. It may be ufed as a Diet-drink by all as have inveterate and putrid Ulcers, ing and ill-conditioned Fiftula’s; for it alters the Habit of the Body, thickens the Juices, and fo induces the healing. Fomented upon the Piles, it eafes the Pain, and difcuffes them.
XIII. The Ointment or Balfam. Yt may be
=x Qa either of the green Herb or the Juice ; and is very A AS beneficial to digeft, cleanfé, incarnate, dry and heal , 4 old fretting and cating Ulcers, how foul and malig-
nant foever they be; and is a good thing to be kept F always in a ReadinefS by rich and able People in
Lireweed tn Zed “oa s Ale —
Country, for the Ufe of their poor Neighbours whenever there may be an occafion. -
XIV. The Cataplafm. Being applied to gi Wounds or recent Ulcers, it performs all that the
IV. The fecond, or Broad-leav’d Flixweed, differs net from the former in its Root, Stalk, Branches, Leaves, Flowers, Cods or Seed, or in its Height or
are broader, in which This was found out by Tubernmontanas, ‘or firft ta- ken notice of by him ; but 'fome Botanifts are of O- pinion, that the former ‘and ‘this ‘ate ‘but one and the fame Plant, and iy. hye ‘Ditte E in the Leaves only accidentally, by growing ‘in fome more fertile Save : howevey” Purif teers to admit of the Difference. They are both of them ofa {trong and unpleafing Smell, and of a dtying Talte.
V. The Places. Fixweed growsyin moft places of England, almoft every where, upon Afh-dunghills, in the Ruins of old Buildings, by Highways, and in filthy, Sbfcure, bafe and barrén’places, alfo amongft Rubbith. —
VI. The Times. It flowers “and feeds from the beginning of Fume to the end of Séprember, the Seed ripening in the mean Seafon.
VII. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpect of Heat or Cold, and dry in the firft Degree; Anodyne, Aftringent, Vulnerary, Arthritick and Analeptick.
Vill The Specification. It {tops Fluxes of all forts, eafes Pains of the Joints, confolidates broken Bones, kills Worms, and heals Ulcers.
IX. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice of the Herb. 2. An Ef- fence of the fame. 3. A Decottion in Wine or Smiths- forge Water. 4. An Ointment or Balfam. Cataplafm. 6. A diftilled Water. Pouder of the Seed.
\e
The Virtues.
X. The liquid Fuice.
* Ounces in Wine, it kills Worms in the Stomach or | Velvet-flower. ‘Belly ; and outwardly applied, it kills the Worms, | e/egans maximus, which fometimes breed in filthy and putrid -Ui-| or Velvet-flower.
cers.
Manner of Growing, fring, that the’Leaves of this | thofe Internals into the Body. It is cooling, drying, confifts ‘the ‘only Difference. a and healing.
5. Al kinds, viz. 1, "Audesrr@ ubyas, Tannese? 7. The Seed, or| The great Flowergentle, of which in this a ae
Drunk to two or three | jor panniculis {parfis, The greater Flower
Ointment or Balfam can do. It is. good ‘to be gy
plied to Fra€tures and Joints lately diflocated ,
it eafes the Pain, abates the Inflammation, ear
~ _ of Humors, and ftrengthens the Part af icted.
XV. The diftilled Water. It participates of the Virtues of ‘he Place but in a much meaner degree, having the Virtues of the Juice, Effenceand Deco. tion: but its chief Ufe is for a Vehicle, to conve
The Seed, or Pouder thereof. ‘Given toa Dram in Red Port Wine, or in Smiths-forge Water, it has been found by Experience to be of exe Ufe to ftop the Bloody-flux, Spitting, Vomiting or Piffing of Blood ; as alfo other Fluxes of the Belly. It is alfo good againft Naufeating and Vomiting.
CHA P. CCLXXVIIL
of FLOWERGENTLE Great. OR, fi Great VELVET-FLOWER.
L“P° HE Names. Itis called in Greek, ‘Medor- 7@ : in Latin, Amaranthus: 10 Flowergentle, or Velvet Hower. The Greekis & tived from ’ApagsrnvG-, non marcefens, vel mm J° nefcens, from its never fading or waxing Ot, Il. The Kinds. It is divided into twof
» Amarantd
2. "Audewr@ wuness, Amaranthus pardms, Tt
tle the lef, of which in the following aapi III. Of the greater Flowergentle, “there are"
forts, viz. 1. Amaranthus purparens major, 2"
2. Amaranthus mus The greateft Scarlet F mm
. |
the Sun and Wind. The Seed enclofed in theft Tufts, is almoft as white and {mall as the former, et a little redder, wheteby the Difference may be nown.
VI. The Places. Both thefe were brought to us firft out of the Weft Indies, the latter from Brazil, or fome other parts of América, where they both are much ufed, efpecially the Seed. They are all nurs’d up with us in Gardens; but in backward or cold Years they do not fo well thrive, becaufe they love much Heat; yet for the moft part they give us every Year ripe Seed.
VII. The Times. They bear their fpiky Flowers in Fuly and Auguft, and yield their ripe Seed in Av- guft or ee
VIII. The Qualities. They are temperate in re- fpett to Heat or Cold, and dry in the firft Degree ; Aftringent, Repercuffive, Hyfterick, Arthritick and Antemmenagogick.
IX. The. Specification. They are peculiar for topping all forts of Fluxes, efpecially Fluxes of
Wes)
—— (fe Seal ; Ae ( Y"
Ni Zegii rN
ZAV Fe re |! ; ENMU ' co > NM Of
! fj lH
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A Fuice or Efjence. 2. A Decottion in Red Port Wine. 3. The Seed, or Pouder thereof. 4. A Ca- taplafm of the Leaves.
4
TTT -
The Virtues.
XI. The liquid Fuice of the Leaves, or Effence of the fame. \\have-made many Experiments of the Virtues of this Plant upon feveral of my Patients, who have been troubled with Fluxes of the Bowels, Bloody-fluxes, Spitting and Piffing of Blood, as al- fo the overflowing of the Terms: I have given the Juice or Effence of the fame to three or four Spoon- fuls at a time ina Glafs of Red Port, or fome other proper Vehicle, as Smiths-torge Water, &c. and have found it abundantly to anfwer my Expectation in the Cure of the aforenamed Difeates ; and | am fatisfied, that fometimes, and upon fome Patients, it has done as much as any Vegetable cando: but | gave it Morning and Night, and fometimes alfo ar
oon, and continued the Ufe thereof tor feveral
IV. The Defcriptions.. The firft, or Greater kind, bas a Root which is a great Bufh of Strings, {pread- ing in the Ground, whereby it is ftrongly rooted, yet perifhes every Year after it bas given its Seed. From this Root fprings forth one thick, tall, crefted, brown, red Stalk, four or five feet high ; from whence {pring many great broad Leaves, like to fome of the other following kinds for the Form, but much largery and redder forthe moft part, efpecially the loweft, which branches forth into feveral parts: from’ between. thefe Leaves and the Stalks or Branchies,: as alfo at the tops of them, ftand long {piky, round;-and fomewhat flat Tufts, of a more reddifh purple color than the firft of the following Chapter ; and divided alfo into divers parts, where- in, when they are full ripe, are to be feen an innu- merable company of white Seeds, ftanding out a- mong the fhort Thrums, and do eafily tall away with a little touching. Every one of thefe white Seeds has, as it were, a hole half bored thro’ therein.
V. The fecond, or Greateft Scarlet Flowergentle, has a pretty thick long Root, with fome Fibres ad- joining to it, which fends up one or more very great, thick, round, tall Stalk, rather higher and greater than the moft ordinary great red Flowergentle, with
as large great Leaves on it, or rather greater ; but both the Stalks and they are of a frefh yellowifh pale green color, with little or no Redneis in them at all, (and this is one proper Mark to know this fort from others, before it comes to flower.) The Flowers ftand at the tops of the Stalks and Branches, mote {pread at the bottom into feveral parts, the middle being longeft ; and commonly when it is in the PerfeCtion, hanging down like a Taffel , the o- ther parts, like fhorter Spikes, compafling it round, which even for the Proportion, is very beautiful, but much more for the color, which is of'a more excellent bright, fcarlet red, and which being ga- thred in the prime, will hold the color a great
days. | Xi. The Decoftion in Red Port Wine. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice and Effence, but is not full out fo efficacious ; yet it is fomewhat more pleafant to’be taken, and may be given trom three to fix Ounces ata time, Morning, Noon and Night. Given Clyfterwife in any vehement Flux of the Bel- ly, as alfo in a Bloody-fux, and in a Tenafinus, it ops the ‘fame, heals the Guts, and ftrengthens the Part afflifted : but it ought to be feveral times re- peated, according as the Neceflity or Occafion may
require. :
bait The Seed, or Pouder thereof. Jt may be given from half a Dram to a Dram at a time, ina Glafs of Wine, Morning and Night, againft Naufe- oufnef$ or Vomiting, Weakneis of the Bowels, Bloody-Hux, Hepatick-flux, and all other forts of Fluxes. If there is any Corrofion of the Guts, it heals it, ftops the Flux of Humors to the Part, and reftores the Tone thereof, if hurt or depraved.
XIV. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. It repercuf- fes Humors, ftops Fluxions to any Part, eafes Pains, and prevails much againft the Gout : but in this laft Cafe it will be fo much the better, if an equal quantity of green Comfrey Roots be added and beat- en up with it.
Cec CHAP.
while before it decays, efpecially if it is kept trom |
7 c 4
' er ee ee ee ee ee eee
270 Salmon’s Herbal,
fo excellent a fhining deep purple color, tending to a Murry, that in the moft excellent colored Velvet a more orient or bright color cannot be feen ; and I fuppofe from this Refpe&t it is that the French give it the Name of out-paffing Velvet. It has no Smell at all, but being bruifed; ‘gives the fame admirable parle Se on Paper ; and being gathered in its
C HA P. CCLXXIX.
Of FLOWER GENTLE Small, O R,
The Lefler VELVET--FLOWER.
[PW E Names. It is called in Greek, "Audésrr@-
wxess > in Latin, Amaranthus parvus , and in Exglifh, The leffer Flower gentle, ox elfer Velvet- bower.
Ul. The Kinds. Authors make four forts of this lefier kind, viz. 1. Amaranthus mere minor, The lefler purple Flower gentle, or Velvet-flower : fome do think this to be Phlox, vel Hamma Theo- Phrafit. 2. Amaranthus Coccineus minor, The leffer {carlet Flowergentle. 3. Amaranthus Tricolor, Ge- lofia, vel Celofia Tragi, Variable Flowergentle: this fome, as Spigelius, think to be Sophonia Plinii, o- thers that it is Theombroton Plinii , but thefe Sup- pofitions are doubtful. 4. Amaranthus Spica Car- nea, Carnation Flower gentle, or Velvet-flower.
v4 Zowergentle Purple. ©
UI. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Leffer pur- ple Flower gentle, hasa Root confifting of a few thready Sirings, which foon perifh, as the whole Plant does, at the firft approach of Winter. From this Root a crefled Stalk rifes up, two feet or more high, purplifh at the bottom, but green to the top, which fpreads it felf forth into many Branches. The Leaves on the Stalk and Branches are fomewhat broad at bottom, and fharp-pointed, ofa full green color, and oftentimes a little reddith withal, like in Form unto the Leaves of Béites (of which this and the reft are accounted Species ) or Sma// Beets. The Flowers are long, growing in Spike fathion, foft, and as it were gentle Tufts of Hairs, many growing in a manner together, broad at the bottom, and {mail up at the top, Pyramis or Steeple fafhion, of
(if it is kept in a dry place, out of Wind and Sun)
in its full Beauty and FinenefS. In thefe Tufts lye the Seed, {cattered up and down, which is final, very black and fhining.
Lib. 1
ll Strength and Beauty, will abide a great while
_ Leffer Scarlet Flower gentle.
Ny Yi Pe t y A ‘ Sx \ . \ manly 5 A CA,
S
, fz:\ “iN wr 5
| \ NN 8. . ‘
IV. The fecond, or Leffler fcarlet Flower gentle, : has a flender or {mall fibrous Root, which perifbes the fooner, becaufe it % the more tender. The Leaves of this Plant are longer, and fomewhat nar- rower than the former: the Stalk grows fomething higher, bearing its long Tufts at feveral Leaves, as alfo at the tops of the Stalk and Branches, many being fet together, but feparate one from another, and each bowing or bending down its Head, like unto a Feather, fuch as are worn in Gentlemens Caps and Hats, of an excellent Blood-fcarlet color. In thefe Tufts or Heads is contained the Seed,
. which is black and bright, like the former.
V. The third, or Variable Flower gentle, bar a fender, knobby, fibrous and perifhing Root, like the | aforegoing, onbiob Sends : a Stalk, but it % nothing Jo high as the former, which {preads it felf out into many Branches, even from the Root up to the to thereof. The chiefeft Beauty of this Plant confi not in the Flowers, but in the Leayes; the Flowers being fmall Tufts, growing allalong the Stalk, and at the Joints with the Leaves. The Leaves hereof are of the fame fafhion with the former, and point ed alfo; but every Leaf is to be feen, parted into green, red and yellow, very orient and freth, (efpe- cially if it comes to its full Perfe&tion, which is ir hot and dry Weather ) yet-not divided all alike,
in fome Leaves where the ted or yellow is, there will be green, and fo varving, that it becomes plea- fant to behold; the Seed hereof is black and fhining, and not to be diftinguifhed trom the former.
VI. Gererd faid that it far exceeded his Skill to defcrite the Beauty and Excellency of this Plant, and that a Painter would be at a {tay to de- pict it in its lively Colors; in few Words (fays he) every Leaf refembles in color the moft fair and beau- tiful Feathers of a Parrot, having a ftripe of Red, a line of Yellow, a dafh of White, and a Rib ot green color, not eafily in Words to be fer forth, the feveral mixtures of the Colors, which Nature has beftowed hereon, being fo excellent and admirable. Fobnfon {ays the Leaves are commonly of three co- lors, the lower part next the Stalk is green, the middle red, and the end yellow; or elfe, the bor- tom being green, the middle part is yellow, and the end red.
VII. The fourth, or Carnation Flower Gentle, (which is more rare than all the reft) bas a Root con- Sifting of a great many Fibres or Strings, from which rife up very thick fat Stalks, crefted and ftreaked, exceeding fmooth, and of a Shining red color, which begin at the Ground to divide themfelves into Branch- es; upon which do grow many great large Leaves, of a dark green color, tending to rednef$, in fhew like to thofe of the Red Beet, ftreaked and dafht here and there with red, mixed with green, the Flowers grow along the Stalks, from the midft there- of, even to the top, in form like Panicum, that is, ber of Chaffie confufed Ears thruft hard
a great num together, of a deep purple, or rather of a deep blufh, tending to a Carnation color: the form or fhape of
this cannot be fo fitly compared to any thing as to
the Velvet Head of a Stag, compact of fuch like
foft feeling fubftance, in which is contained the Seed,
a is white, round, and bored thro” the mid- ec ‘
VIII. The Places. All thefe Plants ate Natives of the Eaftern Countries, as Perfia, Arabia, Syria, Turky, €&c. from whence they have been brought to us, and here are only nurft up in Gardens.
IX. The Times. They Flower, or bear their gal- lant Tufts or Spikes in Auguft, and continue Flow- ering until September, keeping in fome meafure their vigor, till Froft overtakes them, at what time they
rifh. As for the third, or Variable Flower gentle, it ought to be Sown in a hot Bed of Horfe Dung, with fome Earth ftrewed thereon, in the end of March, and fo ordered as you do Musk Melons, and the like.
X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe in the former Chap- ter, to which you are referred.
CHAP. CCLXXX.
Of F LOWER of Conftantinople, OR, FLOWER of Briftol.
L“Q°HE Names. It is called in Greek Avyvis Bu-
Cavnaxd, x Tis Kevsarmvoumtass, x Auxyis Xaanne Sivinn, in Latin Lychnis Chalcedonica, Lychnis By- zantina , vel Conftenti litana, in kenglih Flower of Conftantinople, or Briftol Flower.
haps 8, Eog ll Herd
top of the Stalk, each Flower confifting of three or
pikes
I]. The Kinds. It is one of the Kinds of Lych- nides, or Campions, and is twofold, viz. 1. Lychnis Chalcedonica Flore fimplici miniato, Single Nonefuch, or Flower of Conftantinople, or Briflol Flower. 2: Lychnit Chalcedonica Flore pleno miniato , Double
onefuch, or Double Flower of Conftantinople, or Briftol Flower:
III. The Defcriptions. T/e fir/?, or Single None- fuch, bar a Root which is very kibrous or Stringy; fafining it felf very ftrorg'y in the Ground, whereby it much increafes it felf, Tien whence [pring up ma- ny broad and long green Leaves, among which rifé up feveral tiff, round, hairy, jointed Stalks, three Feet high, withtwo Leaves at every Foint , the Flow: ers ftand at the tops of them, very many together; in a latge Tuft or Umble, confifting of five {mall long Leaves, broad pointed, and notched in the mid- dle, of a bright red Orange cclor, which being patt, there come in their places fmall hard whicith Heads, or Seed Veffels, containing black Seed, like to the Seed of Sweet Williams, and having buta {mall fimell.
IV. Of this Single Species there are three other forts, which differ chiefly in the Colors of the kow- ers, Viz. 1. Lychnis Chalcedonica Flore fimplici albo; Single Brifto/ Flores with a White Flower. 2. Lych- nis Chalcedonica Flore fimplici Carneo, Single None- fuch with a Blufh or Flefh Color, without variabili- ty. 3. Lychnis Chalcedonica Flore fimplici Verfico- for, Single Nonefuch Variable. This at firft is of a
le Red, after a while it gtows paler, and at laft it becomes wholly white; and all thefe diverfities of Flowers it will have to be feen at one and the fame time upon the Stalks.
V. The ‘econ, or Double Nonefuch, bes a Root Fibrous, like the former, and increafes in like man: ner, the Leaves and Stalks being hairy and high, and the Flowers growing in Tufts, altogether like the firft Single Kind; but in this confifts the chief difference, that this bears a larger Umble or Tuft of Flowers 2t
Cece 2 four
380 ~ Salmon’s Herbal. — Lib. I.
- deluce, of which in Chap. 289. 290. ei tube-
four rows of Leaves, of a deeper Orange Colorthan|} VI. The Deferiptions. ‘The firf?, or Great bul- it, which adds the mere Grace to it, but paffes a- | bous Flowerdeluce, has a reafonable great, round, or way without bearing Seed, as moft other double | Ozion like Root, black on its outward Coats, and . Flowers do; it is a Glorious Flower, being as Mag- | tobite within, having many long, thick, white Roots nificent as it is Beautiful. inftead of Fibres, which make them look like Afph
del Roots. From this Root fpring feveral long a broad Leaves, not ftiff, like as all the other, but foft, and greenifh on the b bay fide and whitifh un- derneath ;, from among which rife up fometimes feve- ral finall, fhort, flender Stalks, and fometimes but 4 one, about half'a Foot high, bearing at the top one Flower apiece, fomething like unto 2 Flowerdeluce, confifting of nine yoy BP which, thofe three which ftand upright are fhorter, and more clofed together than in the other Kinds of Flowerdeluces, and Virtues of thefe Flowers. have never been men- | the other three which fall down turn up theirendsa — tioned by any Author, and therefore We have the} little, and thofe three which in other Hlowerdeluces lefS to fay of them; but doubtlels being Kinds of] do cover them at the bottom, ftand like the upright the Lychais, or Campion , they may have the fame] Leaves of the other kinds, but are parted into two
VI. The Places. They were firft brought to us out of Turky, and are now Planted in our Gardens, almoft every where.
VII. The Times. They Flower all fire and Fu- Jy, but not till the fecond Year after Planted, and continue Flowering for many Years, haying 4 Root full of Life, and endures long, being able to fuftain the cold of our Country. :
VU. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
- Virtues, and therefore to Chap. go. aforegoing we | ends, like unto two fmall Ears; the whole Flower
is of a fair Blew, or pale Sky Color in moft, with ja long {tripe in the middle of each of the falli | Leaves, and in fome white, but more feldom,; Flowers are very fweet of finell. VIL. The fecond, or Perfian Flowerdeluce, bar 2 bulbous, or round Onion like Root, with Leaves fome- what like to the former, but that they are shorter, and a little narrower ;, the Flower is much of the ) fame fafhion with the other, and is of a pale blew _
tcler you for the fame.
* CHA P. CCLXXXE of FLOWERDELUCE | ruffetifh Color,each of the three lower
Bulbous ‘Unmatchable. ; are almoft wholly of a brown Purple, with a_yel- L/CHE Names. The general Name of all the| low fpot in the midft of them, this is a rare Plant, Plants of this kind is in Arwbick Afmeni} and does not often bear Flowers with us, unlefs juni, & Aierfa, inGreek “les, in Latin Iris, and in} planted in a good Soil, and in a warm place, Englifh Flowerdeluce. it may have much of the prefence of the Sun, and il. The Kinds. Of this Plant thete ate two prin- | be fhelter'd from Storms and cold Winds, which al- | cipal Kinds, viz. 1. “les CoaCed'ns, Iris bulbofa, The | ways keep it back. bulbous or Onion like Flowerdeluce. 2. "les quaddus, ‘ y Iris tuberofa, The tuberous or bunchy Flowerde-} VIII. The Places. The firlt is a Native of Spain luce. and Portugal, the fecond of Perfia, but with us they III. Of the Bulbows Kind there are feveral Species, | are only nurft up in Gardens, and being very tender as 1. Iris bulbofa impar, five ree eae The | Plants, ought to be Houfed in Winter. ; | unmatchable bulbous Flowerdeluce, of which in this} IX. The Times. The firft Flowers with us in . Chapter. 2. Iris bulbofa Anglica, The Englifh bul-| May, and fometimes fooner, but in Spain and Por- bous Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 282. 3. Iris | tuga/ it Flowers, as Clufiws fays, in Fanuary and bulbofa latifolia, The broad Leaved bulbous Flower- | February ; the fecond when it Flowets with us, Flow- deluce, of which in Chap. 283. 4. Iris bulbofa an-| ers alfo in April or May. ae ‘ gufifolia major, The greater narrow Leav’d bulbous} X. As to the Qualities, ae, Preparati- ., Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 284. 5. Iris bul-| ons and Virtues of thefe, and all ‘the feveral K ae bofa anguftifolia minor, The leffer narrow Leav’d| of Bulbows Flowerde/uces, Authors have faid noth bulbous Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 285. nor is any thing extant concerning the fame, ” IV. Of the Tuberous Kind there are thefe follow- | therefore in the four next Chapters we fhall take'no ing Species, viz. 1. Iris tuberofa Chalcedonia, The} further notice of them, this being faid here-onte for Turkey tuberous Orrice or Flowerdeluce, of which | all; their cheif'ufe has been, and yet is, to deck up in Chap. 286. 2. Iris tuberofa alba Forentina, The | and adorn the Gardens of the Curions. Florentine white tuberous Orrice or Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 287. 3. Iris tuberofa latifolia, . The broad Leav’d tuberous Orrice or Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 288. 4. Iris tuberofa anguftifo- lia, The narrow Leav’d tuberous Orrice or Flower-
CHAP. GCLXXXIL
rofa pumila major, Chameiris major, The greater Dwarf Orrice or Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 291. 6. Iris tuberofa pumila minor, Chameiris mi- nor, The lefler Dwarf Orrice or Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 292. 7. Iris Graminea, The Grafs Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 293. 8. Iris a- gria, Xyris, Wild Flowerdeluce, or Stinking Glad- don, ot which in Chap. wee a Tris Paluftris , Water Flowerdeluce, or Water Flag, of which we have already Treated in Chap. 266. aforegoing.
V. Of the unmatchable Species there are two ki viz. 1. Iris bulbofa prima latifolia Clufij , Clufius his firft great bulbous Flowerdeluce. 2. Iris bulbo- Ja Perfica, The Perfian bulbous Flowerdeluce,
oF FLOWERDELUCE Bulbous Englih.
L* 7° HE, Names. Iemay be calted in Greck "Tew CinCbine Becrgwvixos, In Latin Iris balbofa An- glica, Iris bulbofa major, Iris bul¥ofa Anglica ceru- lea, in Englifh Blue Englifh bulbous cle UW. The Kinds, It is one of the greater Kinds ot the broad Leav’d bulbous Rooted Plants. =
IIL. ‘The Deftription. ‘The Root of this’ greater and Tonge tha aap of
. Gq *
Chap. 283. Englifh Herbs. 251 which have narrow Leaves, it is round, or Onion like, covered with divers brown Skins, which feem 10 be repleat with long Threads, like Hairs, eff pecially at the {mall, or upper end of the Root, which thing you will not find in any of the fmaller Kinds. From this*Root the Plant {prings up early, fometimes in. January, with five or fix long Leaves, which are broad,” yet narrow in comparifon of their length, and in refpe&t to the other Kinds, alfo of a whitifh green color, crefted or ftraked on the backfide, and half round, being hollow, like a Trough or Gutter, white all along the infide of the Leaf, and blunt ar the end; from among which rifes up a thick round Stalk, a Foot and half, or two Feet high, at the top whereof, out of a skinny husk, comes forth one, and fometimes two Flowers, confifting of nine Leaves apiece, three of which that are turned downwards are larger and broader than the other, having in each of them a yellow fpot, about the middle of the Leaf; other three are fmall, hollow, ridged, or arch- ed, covering the lower next the Stalk of thofe falling Leaves turning up their ends, which are di- vided into two parts; the other three ftand upright, and are very {mall at the bottom of them, and broad- er towards the top; the whole Flower is of a fair blew Color: after the Flowers are paft, Heads three fquare come up, which are fomewhat long and lank, of loofe, containing within them round. yellowifh Seed, which when it is ripe, will rattle by the fha- king of the Wind in the dry Husks.
IV. The Places. Lobel fays that this Blew broad Leav’d bulbous Flowerdeluce grows naturally in the Weft of England, whether this be true or no, I know not, but of this I am certain, that it grows admira- bly well in our Climate; and as it is a beautiful Flower, fo by much Planting it, it is very much en- creafed; and it grows common in moft Country Folks Gardens: it has alfo been found growing in Spain, and in France, by fuch as have Travelled thro’
ofe Countries.
V. The Times. t Flowers ufually in the end of May, or beginning of Fune, and the Seed is ripe in the end of uly, or in Auguft.
VI. Nota. "Lobel calls this Plant Hyacinthus Po- etarum Flore Iridis, becaufe of its Hyacinth Color, but I think without any reafon for the fame, it is truly an Iris or Elowerdeluce, and is called by fome Iris bulbofa major, five latifolia, to difference it from the leffer with narrow Leaves.
Flowerdeluce.
II. The Defcriptions. The firft, or paler or deeper purple great Bulb, bas a Root like the Eng- lith in the former base nor differs from it in the Leaf ; the chiefeft difference is in the Flowers, which in this are fomewhat larger, and in the one of a deep Blew, or Violet Purple Color, in the other of a deep Purple Color, in all other refpetts it is like to the former Exg/ifh: there is alfo another, in all things like to this, faving, that the Flower is of a pale Blew, or an Afh Color.
IV. The fecond, or Great Purpte Striped, ba? 4 purple Flower, but with fome Veins or Stripes of a deeper Violet Color, varioufly running thro’ he wiolé Leaves of the Flower. There is another of this fort, which is of a pale Blew or Ath Color, ftreaked with Lines and Veins of Purple in the Leaves of the Flow- ers, fome more, fome lef$ than other. Another al- fo of a Purple Color, like to the firft, but that round about the yellow fpot in the middle of each of the three falling Leaves is of a pale Blue or Ath Color, the reft of the Leaf remaining Purple, as the other parts of the Flower are.
V. The third, or Great Peach Colored, is more
them in Root, Leaf, or Hower, but only that the Flower in this is of a pale reddifh Purple Color, cam- ing fometbing near to. the Color of a each Bloffom.
. The fourth, or Great White, basa Root not differing from the otbers, but only greater, it [prings not up Jo early out of the Ground as the Blew and Purple do, but about a Month or more after, the Leaves are fomething larger and broader than the others; the Stalk is thicker and fhorter, bearing u- fually two yery large and great Flowers, one open ing a little before the other, yet oftentimes both in Flower together in the end, and ofa pale blewifh white Color, which is called a Silver Color while they are in the Bud, and before they are blown o-
n, but then of a purer white, yet with an eye or fhow of the Silver Color remaining in them, the three falling Leaves are very large, having that yel- low fpot in the middle of them; after the Flowers are paft, Heads come forth like unto the B/ew or Purple Kinds, but larger, containing Seed of a red- difh yellow color like them.
Vil. The ffi, or Great White Striped, is iz Root, Leaf, and Flower, alfo in its manner of growing , like unto the laft Great White Flowerdeluce, it dit- fers only in the marking of the Flower, being vari- ous from it, for this has in the White Flower great Veins, Stripes, or Marks, of a Violet Blew, difper- fed thro’ the Leaves of the Flower varioufly, which adds a pe beauty thereto.
VIU. The jfixth, or Great Party Colored, differs not from the laft , but im the Flower, which is of a whitifh color in the three falling Leaves, having a circle of Afb Color about the yellow fpot, the three ridged Leaves being whitifh, but ridged and edged
: | with that Afh Color, and the three upright Leaves
L eS E Names. It iscalled in Greek “les CoxCd-| of a pale blewifh white Color, with fome Veins
dng sxervouann, in Latin Irie bulbofa latifolia,| therein of a blewifh Purple: there are fome of this
laft fort, in which more Varieties are to be feen
than can eafily be expreft, or remembred, which va-
riety, it is very probable, might come from the Sow-
ing of the Seed in differing Soils, as has been truly obferved in other Plants.
IX. The Places. They are all planted, and grow in oe Englifh Gardens, where they thrive very well.
X. The Times. They all Flower in the end of May, and in Fune, and the Seed is ripe in Fu’y and Auguft,
CHA P,
EEE EEE
CHAP. CCLXXXIil
FLOWERDELUCE Bulbed broad Leav'd.
eh ftriped bul-
bous Flowerdeluce. 3. Iris bul We maior Flore ru-
bente, The great Peach colored bulbous Flowerde-
luce. 4. Iris bulbofa major, five latifolia alba, The
great white bulbous Flowerdeluce. 5. Iris bulbofa jo r a . .
tifolia verficolor, The great party colored bulbous.
rare than any of the former, and not differing fron .
oO
AAR Si A ee
Salmon’s
252
C HA P. CCLXXXIV.
of FLOWER DELUCE Bulbous narrow Leav’d Greater.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek “les Cor- Codus suvdovaan utyean in Latin Irit bulbofa anguflifolia major, and in Englifh The greater nar- row Leav'd bulbous Flowerdeluce. Il. The Kinds. There are Twenty Five feveral Species whofe Names and Defcriptions follow in order.
HI. The Defcriptions. 1. Iris bulbofa anguftifo- lia alba Flore majore, The greater white narrow Leav'd bulbous Flowerdeluce. This has a Root like to the other Kinds, which is a little bigger and rounder in the middle, and in its fpringing up and manner of growing is much like to the firlt defcri- bed in the next Chapter in all its parts, faving, that it is a little larger and higher, both in Leaf, Stalk, and Flower, and much whiter than any of the mix- ed Kinds which follow, yet not fo white as the {mall Kind in the next Chapter: in thefe which follow we fhall not make a feveral and large Defcription to every Kind, for that would be to make often and many repetitions of one and the fame thing, for the firft of them being once defcribed, (which we have already done) we will to all the following add only the efpecial differences, either in Leaf or Flower, in Magnitude, Color, or Form, wherein they may vary from that firft, or one from another, thefe be- ing all of the greater Kind.
Vv. 2. Iris bulbcfa anguftifolia albefcens, The Milk white narrow Leav'd bulbous Flowerdeluce. Its falling Leaves have a little fhew of yellownefS, and fo are the middle ridges of the arched Leaves, but the upright Leaves are more white; in Root and Leaf it differs not from the firft White.
V. 3. Argentea, The Silver Colored narrow Leav'd bulbous Flowerdeluce. Its falling Leaves are of a yellowifh white, like the laft, the arched Leaves are whiter, and the upright Leaves of a blewifh white, which we call Silver Color, like that of Si/ver Weed, or Wild Tanfie.
VI. 4. Adbida, Whitifh. The falling Leaves are yellowifh, and fometimes with a little edge of white about them, and fometimes without, the upright Leaves are whitifh, as the arched Leaves are, the ridge yellower.
VII. 5. Albida labris luteis, White with yellow Falls, The falls are yellow, the upright Leaves white; all thefe Flowers are of the fame bignefs with the firft.
VIM. 6. Albida anguftior, The more narrow White, The Flower is finaller, and almoft as white as the firft, the lower Leaves are {mall, and do as it were ftand outright, not having fcarcely any fall at all, {o that the yellow {pot feems to be the whole Leaf, the arched Leaves are not half fo large as in the former, and the upright Leaves bow themfelves in the middle, fo that the tops do as it were meet to- gether.
IX. 7. Lutea, The Yellow. ‘It is like the former, faving, that its falling Leaves are a little more emi- nent and yellow, with a yellow {pot.
X. 8, Aurea, five Lutea Hifpanica, The Golden, or Spanifh Yellow. It rifes not up fo high as com- monly moft of the reft do, and is wholly of a Gold
yellow Color.
Me
Herbal. . - Lae
XI. 9. Pallida Lutea, The pale Yellow. \tufually rifes higher than the former yellow, and is wholly of a pale yellow, but deeper at the fpot.
XIL. 10. A/bida lutea, Pale Straw Color. {t is like unto the laft pale yellow, but that the falling Leaves are whiter than all the reft of the Flower.
XIIL. 11. Verficolor Hifpanica carulea labris al- bis, The Spanifh party colored Blew. ts fallin Leaves are white, the arched Leaves of a whitif Silver color, and the upright Leaves of a fine blew- ifh purple.
IV. 12. Labris Ceruleis, The Blew edged. The falling Leaves will have either an ae of blew, cir- cling the white Leaves, the arched Leaves being a little blewer,and the upright Leaves more purple, or the falls will be almoft wholly blew, edged witha blewer color, the arched Leaves pale blew, and the upright Leaves of a purplifh blew Violet color.
XV. 13. Alba pallida, A pale White. The falls are white, the arched Leaves pale white, fo alfo the upright Leaves; fome are a fair blewith purple: fome of them will alfo have larger Flowers than others and bear more; for the fort, which is the moft ordinary, feldom bears above one Flower ona Stalk,
et fometimes two: and of the others, fome will rt two, and three Flowers, others again but one.
XVI. 14. Cerulea, five Purpurea major, The greater Purple. The Stalk is higher, psi and larger the Stalk of a very reddifh purple color,
a little above the Ground, at the foot or famdt the Leaves and Stalk; this Flowers with the latter fort of Flowerdeluces. ar vt < Serae
XVII. 15. Purpurea ferotina, The late Purple. The Flower is wholly purple, except the yellow {pot, and Flowers later than any of the other Purples. —
XVII. 16. Purpurea rubefcens labris caruleis, The reddifh Purple with blew falls. Its "Bie Leaves are of a reddifh purple, and the Leaves of a blew color. + herb
XIX. 17. Purpurea rubefcens labris albido caru- leis, The reddifh Purple with whitifh blew falls, itis of a reddifh purple, and its falling Leaves of a whi- uh blew color, in nothing elfe differing from the la
XX. 18. Purpurea labris luteis, The Purple with yellow falls. Its falling Leaves are of a Gold yellow, without any ftripe, yet in fome there are Veins running thro’ the yellow Leaves, and fome have an edge of a fad dark color about them, the ia Leaves in every of thefe are of a Violet
urple. e XI. 19. Purpurea labris ex albido caruleo, 8 luteo mixtis , Party colored Purple with frriped) yel- low falls. This is like the laft, but that the falling Leaves are of a pale blew and yellow, traverfing one the other, and the arched Leaves of a pale p color.
XXII. 20. Subpurpurea labris luteis, The pale Purple with yellow falls. Its upri it Leaves are ofa paler purple, and the falling Leaves yellow. There is another Species of this, a little differing from it, in that the arched Leaves are whitifh.
XXII. 21. Subcerulea labris luteis, The Party colored blew and yellow. Its upright Leaves ate 0h 4 pale blew, and the falling Leaves yellow. There® another of this fort, but of a little paler blew, —
XXIV. 22. Crinis coloris elegantiores, Lhe jar Hair colored, \ts upright Leaves are of a I ‘ ifh yellow, or Hair color, and the falling Leave yellow. ae
XXV. 23. Altera obfoletior, The dull H lored. It is of the fame color with the forme. fomewhat deader. a.
XXVI. 24. Iris bulbofa Africana, The Purp Murry Barbary bulbous Flowerdeluce. Ast
aa see
——
Leaf, and Flower, and for its form, it is in all re- {pe€ts like unto the middle fort of thefe FYowerde- /uces, only the lowelt past of the Leaves and Stalk, tor about an Inch next the Ground, are of a reddifh color, {potted with many fpots, and the whole Flow- er being of a mean fize, is of a deep purplifh Red, or Murry color, excepting the yellow fpot in the
midit of the three falling Leaves; it is a Flower of | fal
much beauty.
XXVIL. 25. Purpurea caerulea obfoleta labris fuf- cis, The dusky Party colored Purple. This is the greatelt of all thefe zarrow Leaw'd Hlowerdeluces in
all the parts of it, the Root is greater than any of yi
the other, being thick and fhort, the Leaves are broader and longer, but of the fame color, the Stalk is higher and ee than any of them, bearing two or three Flowers, which are larger than any of the reft, the falling Leaves are of a dusky yellow , fometimes with Veins and Borders about the Brims of another dun color, having the yellow {pot in the middle, the arched Leaves are of a fad pale pur- ae yellow, the upright Leaves are of a dull or
usky blewifh Purple, and the Heads or Horns for
_ Seed are alfo greater, as is likewife the Seed.
XXVIII. The Places. All thefe Flowerdeluces came originally out of Spain and Portugal, and with us they are nourifht up in Gardens, where they prof- per very well.
XXIX. The Times. They Flower in Fune, and fometimes continue Flowering until Fu/y, but Flow- er not commonly fo early as the Latifolia, or broad Leav'd Kinds; they are foon fpoiled with Wet in Flowering.
C HAP. CCLXXXV.
OofF LOWE RDELUCE Bulbous narrow Leav’d Small.
i HE Names. — \t is called in Greek"Tes Coal
dus sevdpuarn waxesreess in Latin Iris bulbofa anguftifolia minor, in Englifh The leffer narrow Leav’d bulbous Flowerdeluce.
Il. The Kinds. There are but three feveral Spe- cies of this fort taken notice of by Authors, viz. 1. Iris bulbofa anguftifolia alba minor, The {mall white narrow Leav’d bulbous Flowerdeluce. 2. Iris bul- bofa anguftifolia mauritanica ferotina flava minor, The leffer yellow late narrow Leav’d bulbous Flow- erdeluce of Barbary. 3. Iris bulbofa anguftifola Cerulea, five Purpurea precox minor Lufitanica,The Portugal {mall early Purple, or Blew narrow Leav’d bulbous Flowerdeluce.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The fir/t, or {mall white narrow Leav’d bulbous Flowerdeluce, bas a Root which is {maller and fhorter than thofe of the Latifo- lia, and without any Hairs or Threads, covered with brown thin Skins, and more plentiful in yielding an increafe , its Flower is {maller than the firft Kind of the former Chapter, it fprings out of the Earth al- ways before Winter, which afterwards breaks forth into four or five fmall and narrow Leaves, a Foot or more long, of a whitifh green on the infide, which is hollow and channelled, and of a blewifh green co- lor on the outfide, and round withal; the Stalk is peg cas flenderer than thofe of the Latifolia, with
fhorter Leaves upon it, at the top whereof,
Flower is wholly of a pure white color, (faving the
arch, thofe
| three ftand upright. between each of the three fal-
ome
ral Cells or round reddifh yellow Seeds as thofe of the laft La- tifolia, but fomething {imaller.
IV. The fecond, or \effer yellow late narrow Leav’d, is afmatler Plant, or Dwarf Kind, brought from the farther parts of Barbary, near the Sea, Like unto the
ellow greater narrow Leav'd, viz. the Ninth and
eath of the former Chapter, but that this is fmaller and lower, and inftead of upright Leaves, has fall fhort Leaves like Hairs; it Flowers very late, after all others have yielded their ripe Seed.
V. The third, or {mall early Purple Portugal, # Apaler in all its parts than the alba pallida at Se&.
. of the former Chapter, the Stalk is flenderer, and not fo high, bearing at the top one or two fimall Flowers, all wholly of a fair blewith Purple, with a yellow {pot in the middle of every one of the fal- ling Leaves.
VI. The Places. Thefe, alfo all of them, came firft to us from Spain and Portuga/, but are here nurft up in Gardens, where they thrive very well.
VIL. The Times. The firft Flowers in Fue, and fometimes in Fu/y, but not fo early as the former broad Leav’d Kinds. The fecond Flowers very late, after moft of the others, and the third ufually Flow- ets very early, even with the firft bulbous Flowerde- luces.
VIL. Nota. Itis poffible that there may be ma- ny more Kinds or Differences of thefe bu/bous Eow- erdeluces, which may arife from the different good- nefs of the Seed, alfo from the Soil, and the time and manner of Sowing it, as many shave obferved from their own experience, every Year fhewing forth fome variety which was never {een betore.
CH AP. CCLXXXVI.
OF FLOWERDELUCE . Tuberous Great Turky,
OR, FLAG FLOWERDELUCE.
I. HE Names. Itis called in Greek “les gums sus
Be yarundivinn utilor, in Latin Iris tuberofa Chat- cedonica major, in Englifh The great Turky tuberous Flowerdeluce. a the
304,
il. Lhe Kinds. This is the fitft of the Tuberous Sorts; of which there are two {pecial Kinds, viz. 1. {ris Chalcedonica, five Sufiana major, The great Tur- ky Flowerdeluce. 2. Iris Chalcedonica, five Sufi- ana minor, The leffer Turky Flowerdeluce. This latter, tho” itis called minor, or Jeffer, yet it is on- ly fo in refpett to the firlt great Kind, but it is mag- nus ot major, in refpe&t of the /ittle Kinds, which hereafter follow.
'_ IIL The Deferiptions. The fir/t, or Great Turky Flowerdeluce, har a Root which is brown on the out- Side, and is very thick and tuberous, as all others of this fort of Garden Kinds are. From this Root fpring forth feveral Heads of long and broad frefh green Leaves, yet not fo broad as many others of thofe which follow, one folded within another at the bottom, as all others of thefe Flowerdeluces are; from the middle of fome one of thefe Heads, (for every Head of Leaves bears not a Flower) rifes up a round ftiff Stalk, about two Feet high, at the top whereof ftands one Flower, (it has not yet been ob- ferved to bear two) the largeft almoft, but the moft excellent of all the reft, confifting of nine Leaves , like the others which follow, but of the color almoft ofa Snakes Skin, it is fo varioufly {potted , the three lower falling Leaves are very large, of a deep or dark purple color, almoft black, full of greyifh {pots, ftrakes and lines thro” the whole Leaves, with a black Thrum or Freez in the midft of each of them ; the three arched Leaves which cover them are of the fame daik purple color, yet a little paler at the fides , the three upper Leaves are very large, and of the fame color with the lower Leaves, but a little more lively and frefh, being | be att and ftraked with whiter {pots and lines, which Leaves being laid in Water, will tinge the Water of a Violet color, and ifa little Alum be put therein, and then they be wrung or preffed out, and the Juice of thefe Leaves is dryed in the fhade, it will become a color almoft as deep as Indico, and may ferve for Shadows in the Art of Limning; the Flower has no fmell which can be perceived, but is only commendable for its beau- ty and the rarity thereof; it feldom bears Seed in our Climate, but when it does, it is contained in great Heads or Cods, being brownifh and round, but not fo flat as in the other Kinds which follow.
IV. The fecond, or Lefler Turky Kind, differs /it- tle from the former, the Leaf is of a more yellowifh green color, the Flowers are neither fo large nor fo tair, nor the {pots and marks fo perfpicuous, nor the Color of that lively luftre.
V. The Places. By fome part of the Name, it feems that they might firft come from Sz/is in Per- Jia into Turdy,but trom Turky they were firft brought to us; they grow and thrive very well in our Gar- dens.
VI. The Times. They Flower moft commonly in May, before any of the other Species.
VIL. As to their Qualities, Specification , Prepa- rations and Virtues, fee them declared at large in Chap. 288. following: And here is to be noted that all the Twberofe Flowerdeluces (except the F/orentine, commonly called Florentine Orrice,) more
- efpecially thofe which have the Blew or Purple Flow-
er, have one and the fame Virtues; and that our Enghfh Blew Flowerdeluce exceeds them all.
Salmon’s Herbal.
LibT
CH A P. CCLXXXVIL
Of FLOWER DELUCE White Florentine, =
OR, : FLORENTINE ORRICE,
IL. HE Names. It is called in Greek "les gv.
uebdis acuxd; in Latin Iris Tuberofa alba, Iris tuberofa Horentina, Iris alba Florentina : in Englifh White Flowerdeluce, Florentine Flowerdeluce. Florentine White Flowerdeluce, White Orrie and Florentine Orrice.
Il. The Kinds. It is threefold. viz. 1. Iris alba Florentina, The White Flowerdeluce, or Florenti Orrice, which is the principal kind, and hat af which the i Orrice Pouder is made. 2. Iris Flore Pallido Florentina, The yellowith White, or Straw colored Florentine Orrice. 3. Inds alba major Verficolor, The White party colored Flowerdeluce,
Ill. The abt tt The Sift, or Great White Florentine Flowerdeluce, bas a which is Tube- rous or Knobby, thick, irregular, and Shooting out from every fide fuch like Tuberous Heads, lying for the .moft part upon, or above the Ground, and faf- ned within the Ground with long white Fibres of Strings. From this Root rife up many Heads of very broad, and flat long Leaves, enclofing or fold- ing one within another at the bottom, and after a little {pace divided one from another towards the top, thin edged on both fides, like a two Sword, and thicker in the middle. From the mid- dle of fome of thefe Heads of Leaves, rifes upa round {tiff Stalk, two or three Feet high, beat at the top one, two, or three large Flowers, which break out of feveral Husks or Skins, confifting of nine Leaves apiece, as all the other Flowerdeluces do, and of a tair white color; having in the mid- dle of each of the three falling Leaves a final long et Freez or Thrum, as is moft ufual in all the inds of the following Flowerdeluces, both of the greater and fmaller forts. After the Flowers are i thick fhort Cods or Pods come forth filled ull with the Seed, which is red, roundifh, and flat.
IV. The fecond, or yellowifh White, is im its Roots, Leaves, Stalks, Flowers, Seed, and manner of growing very like unto the former, or true Flo- rentine Orrice ; and differs in nothing from it, but in the color of the Flowers, this being indeed of a net yellowifh White, commonly called a Straw color.
V. The third, or White party colored, hat @ Root not fo great as the former White Florentine, but alittle flenderer and browner. The Leaves ate not fo large and broad; but the Flower hereof is nearly as large, and as White as the firft Florentine, — yet it has a fair Lift or Line, of a blewifh purple, down the back of every one of the three upright Leaves, and likewife round about the mes doth of the upper and lower Leaves; and alfo a little more purplifh upon the ridge of the arched i which cover the falling Leaves. In all ott fpetts this variable Floewerdeluce is like to ne mer. ee
VI. The Places. The Name fhews place from whence it came to us, t
|
- ==
the fame purpofe, from half a
comes from Wiyriain Greece : Here we only Nurfe it up in Gardens, where it flourifhes as well as any of the Blew or Purple Kinds. ,
VIL. The Times. They flower in April, May, and Fume, according as cate istaken of them.
VIIL. The Qualities. The Illyrick Orrice is ac- counted the beft, but the Roots of both that and the Florentine are ufed, and the latter being moft common, bears away the Bell in its Name. It is hot and dry in the fecond Degree, incides, attenu- ates, expeCtorates, digefts, opens, mollifies, abfter- ges, and is Pe€toral.
IX. The Specification. It is againft Tarta- rous Mutilage in the Breft and Lungs, Coughs, Afthmia’s, ftinking Breath.
X. The Preparations. You may prepare from the Koot (for nothing elfe of the Plant is ufed ) 1. A Ponder. 2. Species Diaireos fimplices, A Spe- cies. 3. An Elettuary fimple. 4. Diaireos Salomoni,
eftuary of Orrice Roots compound. 5. An Ex- trait. 6. A Spirituous Tintture. 7. An Acid Tin- dure. \
The Virtues.
XI. The Pouder, commonly called Orrice Pouder. Tt is ufed outwardly in making perfumes, and in fweet Pouder for the Hair; alfo in Compofitions of Damask Pouders and Cyprefs Pouders. The Root it felf is many times chewed in the Mouth, by fuch who have a Stinking Breath; by which means it draws forth much Rheum, and ill digefted Humors, which caufe the Breath to finell Streng. However the fimple Pouder is given for
Morni ing, and N ae “
every Morning faitin every Night going to Bed, mixed with a fufficient Quantity ‘of dovble refined Sugar, and fo fwallowed, and wafhed down with a Glafs of White Lisbon or Port Wine. It opens obftructions of the Womb, provokes the
erms, expels Wind, eafes gripings of the Belly, and pains of the Stomach.
XII. Species Diaireos fimplices, Poudet of Or- tice Root fimple. See it in our Pharmacopwia Lon- dinenfis, Lib. 4. Chap. 21, Se. 10. It is good a- gain{t Afthma’s, breathing obftruéted, Colds, Euphs, HoarfnefS, Wheezing, Phthifick fhortnef of Breath, Pain of the Stomach, €%c. Dofe from half a Dram to two Drams.
XII. The Eleuary. It is made of the fimple Pouder at Self. 11. one part mixed with Clarified Honey two parts. Ithas all the Virtues of the Spe- cies Diaireos fimplices aforenamed ; befides which, it caufes an admirable expeCtoration, and withal keeps the Body foluble;, it cleanfes the Lungs, and heals Ulcers there, expels Wind, gives eafe in the Colick, by opening the Bowels, and ee againtt a ftinking Breath, Dofe half an Ounce or more, Morning and Evening, drinking a Glafs of White Port Wine after it.
XIV. Diaireos Salomoni, Eleftuary of Ortice Root compound. See it in our Pharmacopeia Lon- dinenfis Lib. 4. Chap. 22. Se. 57. It is a very
ood Pettoral, good againft Afthma’s, belching up
ind, Coughs, Colds, HoarfnefS, Wheezing, Ob- ftruftions of the Lungs, Ulcers of the Lungs, fpir- ting of Blood and matter - It cleanfes thofe parts, dries, and heals them; is good againft Colicks Wind, gripings of the Bowels, Worms in Chil dren, pain of the Stomach, weaknefS thereof, and
an ok, or three times a day, drinking a
or Metbeglin. It has all the Virtues of the Sim- ple and ee tee: Pouders and EleCtuaries, but is more powerful and effectual to all the purpofes and intentions thete fpecifiéd. It warms and comforts a cold moift and depraved Sromach, ftrengthens the Appetite,caufes a good digeftion,and powerfully opens obftru€tions of the Lungs, Liver and Spleen. XVI. The Spirituous Tinéare. It reftores the tone of the Stomach and other Viftera to a Mira- cle, and ftrengthens the Bowels upon the Cure of: a Dropfie, making them able to refift the return of the Difeafe, and fo to prevent a Relapfe. It isa fingular good thing againft a Leucophlegmati wearinefs of the Body, Lazinefs, fainting an fwooning Fits, and the Scurvy in a cold habit of Body. Defe two Drams, to three or more, in any props and {pecefick Vehicle, Morning, Noon, and ight.
vit The Acid Tinffure. It is highly deob- ftru€tive and antifcorbutick, good againft all forts of Fevers which proceed from the corruption of the Juices, and putrefaCtion of the Humiors ; and there- fore is very prevalent againft the Plague, and all forts of Peftilential and malignant Fevers, for that it ftrikes againft their Root and Effence. It is as well Prefervative as Curative ;-and by reafon, that it fo powerfully refifts putridity, and cleanfes, it becomes an extraordinary remedy againft a ftinking Breath, yea, tho” it has been-of many years ftand- ing. It incides tough Flegm, diffolves it, and ex- : all the evil juices of the Stomach, and other ifcera, is,good .againft Stone, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous Mucilage in the Reins, Uretets and Blad- der. Dofe fo many drops as to make the Liquor leafantly fharp,‘and may be taken in all that the atient drinks. ” XVII. The Oily Tinfure. Anointed upon the ts affetted, it is good again{ft Cramps, Convul- cor Tremblings of the Limbs, Numbnefs, Palfies, and all forts of Pains and Aches proceeding from a Cold caufe. Given Clifterwife to one Dram or more, it gives eafe in Colicks,Tortions of the Bow- els, Stone, &¢:
~
CHA P. CCLXXXVIIL
of FLOWERDELUCE Tuberous broad leaved, ee A FLAG FLQWERDELUCE broad leaved.
L. HE Namies. It is called in Greek "les ¢t-
uadns whardguran : in Latin Iris tuberofa la- tifolia: and in Englifh Broad leaved Tuberous tlow- erdeluce. Some of the Greeks callit ‘les, quafi facra, for which reafon fome have given it the name of Confecratrix, but is rather called Iris a caleftis Ar- chs fimilitudine, quam flores ejus de sche from the Rainbow, hole diverfity of Colors, the Flow- er thereof doth imitate. Some have called it Re dix miarifca, becaufe it is excellent againft the Piles : and fome have called it Naronica, from the River Naron, becaufe by its Banks and Shore it grows in gteat plenty. Some have made a diffe- rence between Iris and Ireos, according to the Latia
Verfe, Iris purpuream florem gerit, Ireos album: making Iris to fignifie the Blew Flowerdeluce , and Ireos the White Flowerduce, or Morentine Orrice , but this was purely a sg s¥ rn the Poet - However
now
LT a ee TT CTT
oe Salmon’s Herbal.
how, when Phyficians write Iris, the Common Blew or Purple Flowerdeluce is intended, but when Ireos, Bi mean and intend: the Florentine Orrice.
I. The Kinds. There are fourteen feveral kinds of this Broad leaved Tuberous, blew or purple Flowerdeluce, viz. 1. Iris purpurea, five vulga-
_71s, The Common blew, or purple Flowerdeluce. 2. Iris purpurea ag al verficolor, The various colored paler purple Flowerdeluce, 2. Iris cerulea labris purpureis,The blewFlowerdeluce with ee talks. 4. Iris Dalmatica major, The great Dalma- tian Flowerdeluce. §. Iris Afiatica Corulea, The Blew Afian. 6. Iris Aftatica purpurea, The Purple Afian. 7. Iris Damafcena, The Damatco Iris. 1. I- 71s biflora Lufitanica, The Portugal double flower- ing. 9. Iris purpurea verficolor major Camerarii, The great variable Purple. 10. Iris purpurea ver-
JSicolor minor, The leffer variable Purple. 11. Iris | thet
oo altera minus fuliginea, Another P
efS ffnoakie. 12. Iris Cerulea verficolor, The Blew variable. 13. Iris Jutea variegata, The Yellow variable. 14. Iris lutea labriis purpureis palladis, The Yellow with pale purple Lips, or falls.
Blew Fiver de luce
1 aw
P / N N f - SN = NY NS = WY
Ly
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common blew or purple Flowerdeluce, has a Tuberous
Root, and differs little or nothing from the Great |
Turky kind, neither in its Root, Leaf or Flower, nor in its manner or form of growing, Only that the Leaves of this are not fo large as fome of the kinds are ; and the Flower it felf is of a deep purple, or violet Color, and fometimes a little declining to rednefs, in fome particular places.
IV. The fecond, or Various colored, paler Purple, has Elowers of fuch a pale Purple color, as that they come near unto a Blew; and fometimes it will have Veins or Stripes of a deeper blew or purple, and fometimes of an Afhcolor, running thro’ all the higher and lower Leaves.
_V. The third, or Blew with Purple falls, is ano- ther kind much like unto the former; but this is more purple in the falls, and more pale in the up- right Leaves. ‘
Lib. 1 VI. The fourth, or Great Dalmatian, bas its Roots and Leaves as large and broad as any of the Flower deluces whatfoever : Its Stalk and Flower do equal its other parts in proportion, faving that the co- lor of the Powers is differing, this being of a fair Watchet or pale blew color wholly, with the yel- low Thrum down the middle of the Flower or falling Leaves, as before is faid to be Common |to all Flowerde/uces. In all its other parts, it dif- fers litcle, fave only, that it is obferved to havea fmall fhew of a purplifh red about the bottom of AE The Web, or Blew ASian, is in larger of l. The fifth, or Blew is in largenefs of
Leaves like unto the Dalmatian, but bears a great
ftore of Flowers on feveral Branches, which are a deeper blew color,and the arched L: wot whitith on the fide, and purplifh on the Ridges, but in o- gD ue it. Purplé Afian, obi
ixth, or Eutp is He
to the former, but. that the Leaves of this area little narrower, and its Flowers a little more Pur
ple, efpecially the upper Leaves. . ame
IX. The Seventh, or Damafco Howerdeluce , is altogether like to the Flowerdeluce of Afia, except- ing that it has fome white Veins initsupright
eaves.
X. The eighth, or Portugal double flowering, is very like the fir hind of this Chapter, but that itis not fo large in its Leaves, nor im its Flowers : It fometimes flowers twice in a Year, vis. inthe Spring, and in the Autumn, pat Reger o ering is not often, unlefs the Soil in which itgrows is very good, the Scituation a and the Sea- fons warm and produttive : But the Flowers this have a better and fweeter Smell than the fir kind; and they ate of a ae mpd Violet Color, and come out of a purplifh Skin or Husk.
XL. The ninth, or Great variable Purple, bas ve-
broad Leaves, like unto the Leaves of the firft find in this Chapter, and fo is the Flower alfo, but differing in Color : ¥ox the three lower Leaves, are ot a deep Purple, tending to rednels: The three arched Leaves, are of the color of the upper Leaves, and the three upper Leaves, are of a pale color, tending to yellownefs, fhadowed over with a
purplith color, except the ridge eked Veer which are of a eee Pur-
le. . . XII. The tenth, or leffer variable Purple, differs not in any thing from the /aft, but only thatit has ‘narrower green Leaves, and fimaller and narrower Flowers, otherwife if they be both compared to- gether, the Colors will not feem to yarie at all one
Y above, and }) marked: for fome have the falling, Deane wi at the edges, and whitifh at the bottom of the arched Leaves, which are of a yellowith white; and the upright Leaves are of a whitith blew, with yellowifh edges. Some again are of a darker blew, with brownifh Spots in them. Bei ir are of fo pale a Blew, that it gay well be called
an Afhcolor. Some alfo there are whofe upright Leaves are of a fair pale blew, with ye lowith ba edges, and the falling Leaves are parted into Wo
colors, fometimes equally in halfs, each fide di-
fering from the other in color; and fo retimes on
Chap. 288. Engllh Hers
XVILL. ‘The Times. They tlower, fome in Apri/, , various colored Lift in them; in the other parts|fome in “May, fome in June, and the Seed ripens
Leat ouly is in that manner, and fometimes with a
both of Flower and Leaf, it is like to the faid leffér variable Purple,
387
not many Weeks after. XIX. The Qualities. 'Thefe with the Turkey aa .
XV. The thirteenth, or Yellow Variable, bas a] foregoing, and all the reft following are faid to be
Reot which grows fomewhat more flender and long under ground, and of a darker color than many o the others : This Plant lofes its Leaves in Winter, which is contrary to all the former Fowerdeluces,
of one and the fame Quality, Property and Effect ; when green and full of Juice, they are hot and dry almoft in the fourth Degree: but when they. are dry, they are then hot and dry in the third Degree,
fo that its Root remains under Ground, without] and will rae in fome meafure burn the mouth and u
any appearance of Leaves upon it: But in the be-
inning of the Spring, it fhoots out fair broad tek falling downwards at their points or ends, but fhorter many times than any of the former, and fo is the Stalk in like manner, not rifing much a- bove a Foot or fifteen Inches high, on which are fet two or three large flowers, whofe three falling Leaves are of a reddifh purple color: The three Leaves which ftand upright are of a finoaky yel- low ; the three arched Leaves, having their Ridges of a pale color, inclining to purple, have their fides or edges of the former imoaky yellow color, with fome purplifh Veins at the feet or bottoms of all the Leaves.
ae \tuce.
|
Wb
am 4h,
SS ~ ‘
SA
i/jpomine
Wy
uf Y My
WALdkl) Mee MU fee. tte
XVI. The fourteenth, or Yellow, with pale pur- ple’ lips, or falls, bas its three upright Leaves of a pretty fair yellow, and ftand more upright, not bow- ing down, as moft of the others do; the three falling Leaves are purple with pale edges. thefé have their green Leaves party colored, white and green, more or lefs, and fo are the husks of the Flowers. The three arched Leaves ate yellow, as the upright Leaves are, with purplifh Veins at bottom. Some have both upright and arched Leaves, of fo ~ a yellow, that we may in a manner call it a Straw color, but yellower at the bottom with purple Veins; and the falling Leaves are purple, with two purple Spots in them.
XVIL Places. They are all Nurft up, and
‘grow in the Gardens of Forifts with us in Eng-
Some of
throat of fuch as Chew them. They ate Aperitive, In- ciding, Digeftive, Abfterfive, and Diuretick, Stomas tick, Pectoraland Hyfterick,Cathartick,Emetick and Emmenagogick. They are faid to offend theStomach, and to caufe Blood. to be voided, if given in too- great a Dofe, and to weak Perfons. Of all thefe: Plants, the firft in this Chapter is thought to be moft effectual, and of the fame the Root is that which is chiefly ufed. It is not fafe to be given to Women with Child, becaufe it forcibly brings down the Courfes, and is apt to caufe Mifcarriage. And when exhibited, it ought to be given with good Corre&tives, as Matftick, Siuice of Liquorice, Ex. tra&t of Juniper Berries, ec.
XX. The Specification. At is famous in Curing the ome Dropfie, Jaundice and Gout. " XXI. The Preparations. You may prepare there- from, viz. from the Root, 1. A fiend Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. An Infufion. 4. A Decottion.5.A Syrup. 6. A Pouder.7. An Elettuary Simple. 8. An Ble ary Compound. 9. An Oil, viz. Oleum Irinum. 10. A Balfam. 11. A Cataplafm. 12. A_Peffary. 13. A Spirituous Tinture. 14. An Acid Tindure. 15. An Oily Tinfure. 16. A Saline Tintture.
The Virtues.
XXII. The Liguid Fuice. Taken from-one to three Spoonfuls ( according to Age and Strength ) mixt with a little Honey, and a GlafS of Ale or Wine, it purges and cleanfes the Stomach of thick and tough Flegm, and fharp Choler, which are faid by Authors to be the caufes of Agues and Fevers. It Cures the Jaundice and Dropfie alfo (for which it is a famous thing) by .evacuating the Humors which caufe thofe Difeafes, bothupwards and down- wards. And becaufe it does fomewhat bite upon the Stomach, it is not to be given without being correCted with Honey, Spicknard, and aromatick Spices ,; applied to the Piles, it eafes them.
XXIII. The Effence. Being taken from one, to three or four Spoonfuls in any proper Vehicle, ir performs all the Liquid Juicecan do, befides which, it eafes the pains and torments of the Bowels, or gtipings of the Belly and Hypochonders, eva- cuates Melancholy, and takes away the fhaking Fits of Agues; opens obftru€tions of the Liver, Spleen, and Womb, kills Worms in the Stomach and In- teftines; expels the Stone, Gravel, Sand, or Tar- tarous matter out of the Reins and Bladder; gives eafe and teftores in Cramps, Convulfions, and Pal- fies, which come from cold and moift Humors, by its Anodyne and healing property, whereby ic warms and. comforts the parts aftefted, and prevails againft a fimple Ghonorrhea : It provokes the Terms in Women, and brings away both Birth and After- Birth.
XXIV. The Infufion in Wine. It has the Vir- tues of the Juice and Effence, but much inferior in Efficacy : it prevails againft the bitings and fting- ings of Venemous Creatures, reprefles Vapors in
omen, and is good againft Fits of the Mother :
land, bot grow alfo in many other Nations and |It opens obftru€tions of the Vifcera, and cleanfes Countries, according as their feveral Titlesdeclare ;} the Stomach.
* as in Turky, Hungaria, Dalmatia, Mlyria, Spain, Portugal, fs
ance, &c.
Ddd 2 XXV. The
RXV. ‘Lhe Decottion inWine. If it is taken to fix Ounces, it provokes Urine, gives eafe in the Colick,produces the Terms ; ufedas an Errhine, ad- ding to one partot’ the Decottion,three parts of the liquid Juice, ic purges the Head admirably of Flegm, and tough vifcous Humors; and bathed upon the Hemmortho'ds or Piles, it gives much’ eafe and difcuties them. The Decoftion made with Water and Vinegar, and fo diank it is a remedy againft the bitings of Mad Dogs and Serpents, and the {tingings ot Venemous Creatures.
XXVI. The Syrap. It has the Virtues of the Juice, Eifence, fnfigfon and Decoftion, but acts more weakly by reafon of its being fo loaded with Sugar, and therefore may be given from one Ounce to two Ounces or more; but as a Pe€toral and Bechick, it is‘ more proper, becaufe it caufes a better expettoration, cleanfing the Lungs of the Tartarous matter lodging in them. If an Ounce of the Syrup is mixed with four Ounces of the Decottion in Wine, and it be ufed as a Gargle for the Mouth, it eafes the Toothach, cures Ulcers in ~ ce and Throat, and abolithes a ftinking
reath.
XXVIL The Powder. It has the Virtues of tbe Juice, Effence, Decoftion and Syrup, but aéts not with fo much facility and fpeed. Ufed as an Er- thine up the Noftrils, it purges and cleanfes the Head of Cold, grofs and vifcous Humors, and cures vehement and inveterate Headachs, tho’ of man ~ Years ftanding. Taken inwardly froma Scruple to a Dram or more, according to Age and Strength, it purges Pituitous and Watery humors out of the Body, ‘both by Vomit. and Stool, expels the Jaun- dice, and powerfully evacuates the Morbifick caufe ot the Dropfie, Scurvy and Gout. Applied to UL- cers or Wounds, it cleanfes, incarnates, dries, heals them; and where eating Ulcers have been, which have made the Bone bare of Flefh, it breeds Flefh there, covers the Bone therewith, and caufes it fo to grow up, as to fill the hollownef§ of the Ulcer again. It is alfo very good, to cleanfe, re- folve the Callus, incarnate, fill up with Flefh, and heal Fiftula’s, old malign Ulcers and Cankers, which are difficult and hard to be Cured.
Simone Liga,
| ea
Lib. I,
Blew Klowerdeluce three Pounds, bruife them well: Choice Oil Olive, Pound twelve, Fuice of the Roots Pound three: mix and boil them till they are Crifp, then prefs out , repeat the boiling with frefh Roots in like manner, and repeat it the third time : Strain all out, and add to the Oil Flowers of the Blew Flow. erdeluce a Pound and half, mix and infolate, or digeft in a warm Sand Furnace for fix or ei bt Weeks, Stirring all with a Spatula once a day; after which, rain out the clear Oil, by a gentle Expreffon, and keep it for ufe. It isan al thing to warm and comfort feeble and weakned parts, Joints, Nerves, Tendons, and Mufcles afflifted with Cold and moift Humors ; eafe in the Gout and Sciatica : It difcufles, dif folves and waftes hard and Kernelly {wellingsin any t of the ae tho’ a or i om the Kings Evil : It foftens the hardnef of the Spleen and Womb; refolves Cramps and Convul: fions of the Nerves and Tendons, warming, com- forting and helping their Extenfion : The hinder parts of the Head and Vertebroe of the Neck being anointed therewith; it prevails agri Coes and the forepart and Temples of the Head being anointed therewith, it eafes Megrims and Pains of the Head proceeding from a cold Caufe. And dropt into the Ears, it helps againft pains and noife in them; and anointed two, three or four times a day upon the Fundament ‘and Hemorrhoidal Veins,
eafé and relief as to the Piles. Pag ic hy no wef tn, Coe e ut is more pow in Cur
Wounds, old Ulcers and Fiftula’s : Fort poe fully digefts, cleanfes, incarnates, dries and heals, and raifes up Flefh after a very admirable manner in Ulcers that are very hollow. Applied to the
and | Gout, it prefently gives eafe, and in oe
after Cures it; and after a fingular manner foftens hard Tumors which happen inthe flefhy pars. XXXII. The Carapla/m. If it is made of the green Roots ( being beaten, and applied) it gives cafe in the Gout and Sciatica, in fome few applica- tions is faid to Cure them. Another Cataplafm, Take of the Pouder of the Root, two Ounces, Nut- megs, Dill Seed in Pouder, of each one Ounce: Saf-
XXVIN. The Eletuary Simple. Take Pouder of| fron two Drams : Extraé of Juniper Berries, ¢- Blew Klowerdeluce Roots, three Ounces : Juice of | nough to make it into a Cataplafm. This a
the Roots, Clarified Honey, of each two Ounces, mix them. Dofe, trom two Drams to five or more in the Morning fafting; it works both upwards and downward, and evacuates Flegm, Choler, Me- lancholy and Watery Humors, and by that means prevails againft the Dropfie in an efpecial manner, as alfo againft the Jaundice, Scurvy, Green-ficknefs, Kings Evil and Gout. It alfo kills Worms in Stomach and Belly.
XXIX. The Hiettuary Compound. \t is thus made. Take Pouder of the Root four Ounces: Pou- der of Galanga, Soldanella, or Sea bindweed, two Ounces : Pouders of Galanga and Zedoary, each one Ounce, Cloves and Cinnamon, of each half an Ounce : Fuice of the Roots, Clarified Honey, of each twelve Ounces, mix them for an Elettuary. \t is made for the Cure of the Dropfie, being taken to half an Ounce or more every Morning tafting, or according as the ftrength of the Patient can bear it. It works alfo upwards and downwards, cleanfe- ing the whole Man of all fupertuous Humors.
XXX. Oleum Irinum, or the Oil. I do not mean here the Compound Oil, called O/eum Irinum in our Pharmacopwia Londinenfis, Lib. 5. Chap. 2. Scé#. 49. for that is the Oil of the Florentine Or- rice Root ; but I mean an Oil made of the Flow- ers and Roots of the Blew Flowerdeluce in this Chapter, which is thus done. Tuke Roots of the
to the Scrotum or Tefticles, tho’ vehemently Tu- mified or {welled by a defluxion of Humors, refent eafe to the Pain, and ina fhort time difcuf- es the Tumor. A Cataplafm of the fimple green Ror, being applied to the Face or other parts of the kin, as Neck, Arms, Hands, €%c. whichare Tan- ned or Sun burnt, or are affe€ted with Scurff, Mor- phew, black or blew Marks, or Scarrs, or other deformities, it takes them away, and clears the Skin : but they who ufe it had need to takeheed, that they ufe it not too ftrong, nor let it lie on too long, but rather wafh it off again with fair Water, within two or three hours after it is pi u it is better after the Root is beaten to a Pulp, totie it up ina fine thin Linnen Cloth, ant to lay it for a day and a night in fair Water, or Dame Rofe Water; and then with this Water, you ma or moiften the Skin of the Face, Neck, Brealtsan Hands, which are deformed as aforefaid, which is to be applied fo long as need requires; but this Water you mutt alfo take heed of, that youule it not too ftrong, &c. a SE XXXII. The Peffary. It is made either ot te folid green Root, or and fo made up with Honey. This i into the Womb or Body, brings forth the D Child, much more does it facilitate the Birth, ; forcibly draws forth the Afterbirth,
be Gin rae
foftens hard Tumors, and gives
wet tsand
e Root beaten toa Mab, —
«Y
3 © q
Chap: 239. Exghjh Herbs.
XXXIV. The Spirituous Tinture. It expels |it a Narrow-leav’d Flowerdeluce 5 and yet, as it is Wind and is good againft the Colick, gripings of] broader than fome of the aforegoing Broad-/eav'd, the Guts, and obftruttions of the Vifcera. It pro-}and broader than any of the following Narrom- Yokes the Terms in Women, ftrengthens the Sto-| /eav’d, the Length of them makés them feem nar- mach and Womb, and Correéts thofécold and crude| row ; for which Reafon I thought good to let its a a pier the Scurvy, coe Jaguaics, and place be in the firft of this Cla/is.
ing’s Evil: Dofe, one fpoonful or two, firft in = the Moers fafting, and lait at Night, inaGlas| © Flowerdeluce Tuberous narrow-lead'd of White Port Wine. Greater.
XXXV. The Acid Tinfure. It ftrengthens the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion, and powerfully opens all manner of Obftruéctions whatfoever. It Cures the Scurvy radically ; and as it oon in a fpecial manner the Urinary Paf-
0 it carries off the Morbifick Caufé of the
Dropfie by Urine : Dofe, fo much as to make the op Fed pleafantly fharp, three, four, or more times a day.
XXXVI. The Oily Tinéture. Given to thirty or forty Drops in a large Glafs of White Port or Li/- bon Wine, to a Woman in Labour, it not only ha- ftens, but facilitates the Delivery. Outwardly anointed Morning and Night upon any parts affett- ed with Rheumatick Pains from a cold Caufe, or with a Numbnefs, Trembling, Palfie, Cramps, or Convulfion, it gives relief in a fhort time, and in fome reafonable time afterwards a Cure. It isalfo iy againft the Itch, Tettars, Ring-worms and the
External, and is applied to Scurffs, Morphew, Le- ee Sunburnings, Tannings, Freckles, Lentils,
IV. The fecond, or Greater blew Narrow-leay’d, bas a fmall tuberous Root, blackifh and hard, fpread- ing into many long Heads, and more clofely growing or matting together: from which rife up Leaves which are very long and narrow, of a whitifh green color, but neither fo long nor fo broad as the laft, yet broader, thicker and {tiffer than any of the reft with narrow Leaves which follow. The Stalk rifes fometimes no higher than the Leaves, and fome- times a little higher, bearing at its top divers Flow- ers, fucceffively flowering one after another, and are like unto the Flowets of the Bu/bous Flowerde- luces, but of a lighter blew color, and fometimes deeper. After the Flowers are paft, fix cornered Heads rife up, which open into three parts, in which is contained almoft round brown Seed.
V. The third, or Sea putple Narrow-leav'd, has its Root and Seed like the former: fiom which fpring up many narrow hard Leaves, as long as the laft, and of a dark green color, which fmell a lit- tle ftrong- The Stalk bears two or three Flowers, like the former, but fomewhat lef, and of a dark purple or Violet color.
I. ‘The fourth, or Variable purple Narrow. leav'd, bas Roots and Seed not differing from the for- mer Sea purple. The Leaves of this are alfo like thofe of that Sea kind, and do fmell a little {trong, like them. The Flowers are differing, in that the upper Leaves are wholly Purple or Violet, and the p | lower Leaves have white Veins and purple, running one among another.
VII. The Places. The Titles fhew their feveral
CHAP. CCLXXXIX.
Of FLOWERDELUCE Tuberous Narrow-leav'd, Greater.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, “Tes qu- Rife serbQuaan ad : in 2 Iris tuberofa angustifolia major: in Engl é greater narrow- lewd hare Som ae ; € Il. The Kinds. There are four kinds hereof, viz. 1. Iris anguftifolia aurea Tripolitana, The Tripoli eps or yellow narrow-leav’d Flowerdeluce. 2. is anguftifolia cerulea major, The greater blew natrow-leav'd. 3. Iris anguptifolia purpurea marina, The Sea purple narrow-leav’d. Iris anguftifolia ok verficolor, The variable purple narrow- eav'd.
luces, as the next to be defcribed is, without any
Mixture or Variation therein. The Heads forsSeed places of Growth, but with us they are only nurft
are three-{quare, containing within them marty flat up in Gardens : the Sea Aind is found originally in
cornered Seeds. The Length of the Leaves of this} Spain.
Plant, compared with their Breadth, makes me call! — VIII. The Times. They flower in Apri/ and May
aan
ge
’ anguflifolia minor: in Englifh, The leffer narrow- |
. {maller.
i ae =
290 = Salmon’s Herbal. _ bl |
M3, and the Seed ripens fome’ Months after- foregoing 5 but thefe are not fo efficacious as thofe wards. * “4
IR. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Broad-leav’d tuberous Flowerdeluces in Chap. 288. aforegoing.
CH A® Cex, : : eta of FLOWERDELUCE “. HAD. Ae aS Dwarf Greater. :? a
; A ° ‘4 ' * - ¢ wh Of FLO WERDELU CE I“ HE Names. It is called in Greek, Xa Tuberous Narrow-leav'd; Smaller. ““Keig ndvn 2) vavdds dion : in Latin; Chat as h a at major, Iris pumila major: in Englifh, erdeluce the Greater.
L/P HE Names. Ivis called in Greek, “Tes puus-| YJ. The Kinds. Of the Dwarf Flow
dns sexaguaan uexes7eee : in Latin, Iré tuberofa
leav'd tuberous Flowerdeluce. |
II. The Kinds. There are three feveral Species | fo hereof}, vis.-1. Iris santa folie minor Pannonica,\ verficolor Clufii, The . Hungarian fimall_ variable Flowerdeluce of Clufius. 2: Ira anguftifolia flore duplici Cerulea, The blew double-Howered narrow- leav’d Flowerdeluce. 3. Iris anguftifolia alba mi- ae Cli, The Hungarian fall white Flowerde- uce. te? )
ae white Dwarf lg yagi “4a. an latifolia urea major, The greater purpl
Fisertrdstince: 3. Chemuiris latifolia purpi jor altera, Another greater purple Fic
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, white Dwarf, bas a Root which is fmall, aé
time in a place : - among which rife Up tat long
ring two,
IV. The fecond, or Blew double-flowered, differs not in Root or Leaf from the Greater blew Narrow- leav'd in cap. 289. Jett, 4. juft aforegoing, but only in this, that the Leaves of this grow thicker toge- ther, and that the Flowers of this kind -are as it} } were double, with many Leaves confufedly fet to-] Leaves, which the other kinds have. * gether, without any diftin&t parts of a Flowerdeluce,| VI. The third, or Other great purple and ot a fair blew color, with many white Veins| erdeluce, bas the Flowers purple, Tike and Lines or Stroaks running in the Leaves. Often-
moft, and may be reckoned, for the Smallnei times the Stalk of Flowers has but two or three} Shortnefs of the Stalk, the very next Species {mail Flowers, diftin&tly fer together, rifing as it
Fone Husk Jaft ; but in Ae Ea anf Leaves | were Out OF one MUSK. < " dol; V. The third, or Hungarian finall White, differs large as any Of the former kinds Flowers tel but little from the firft-of this Chapter, fave, that| VI: The Places. Authors have faid noth the Leaf is of a little paler green, and the Flower | their native places ; but without doubt t is of a fair whitifh color, with fome purple, which |\grow in Greece, elfe Diofcorides had not difcou - fhews it {elf only at the bottom of the Leaves. of them: with us they are nurft up in Gardens. — Ke VIL. The Times. They come up in February and March, Hower in the Spring Months, an ery Deed i (00 Se
is ripe in dugu/t.
ix. The Qualities, Specification, Prepat and Virtues; are the fame with thofe of the @ blew Elowerdeluce in Chap. 288. afi going, as doneus, Pempt. 2. lib. 3. cap.2. inthete w
to inculcate: Facu/tate autem & Viribus, }
Iris acris & impenfa calida eft, al
milis.
VI. The Places. The original Place of thefe is Hungary: with us, they are only nurft up in Gar- dens.
Vi. The Times. They all flower in the Spring, and their Seed is ripe in the Summer Months. . *
VIL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Vii tues of thefe, are the fame with thofe of the Browd-leav d tuberous Klowerdeluce in Chap. 288, a- fa :
a 9 ‘
’ Howerdeluce the leffer.
Chap. 292. Emghj/b Herbs.
CHA P. CCXCIE
Of FLOWERDELUCE Dwarf Leffler.
LV HE Names. It iscalled-in Greek, Xapaises eaxeprecs, x "les vdvn irre: in Latin, Iris pu- mila minor, Chameiris minor : in Englifh, Dwarf
Il. The Kinds. There are feven kinds of thefe leffer Dwarfs, viz. 1. Chamairis latifolia alba mi- nor, The leffer white broad-leav’d Dwarf Flower- deluce. 2. Chameairis latifolia minor Straminea, The leffer Straw-colored Dwarf. 3. Chamairis latifolia minor purpurea, The lefler purple Dwarf: 4. Che- meiris latifolia minor fuave rubens, 'The \effer bluth- col Dwarf. 5. Chamairis latifolia minor lutea verficolor, The \effer yellow variable Dwarf. 6. Chameiris latifolia minor cerulea verficolor, The
blew variable as * iris Marina purpurea, The purple Sea Dwarf Flowerdeluce.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The Sift or Leffer white Dwarf, bas a fmall tuberous Root, from which Leaves, for the moft part fomewhat fmaller, narrow- er and fhorter than the former, {pring forth. The
it | hee. rifés up a- bove the Leaves, fo that in moft of them it ay
the firft defcribed in the laft Chapter, of a whitith color, with a few purplifh Lines at the bottom of the upper Leaves, with a Lift of Green in the fal-
ves.
V. The fecond, or Lefler Straw-colored Dwarf, is in Roots, Leaves, Stalks, Flowers, and Manner of Growing very like the laff, excepting, that the Flowers thereof are of a pale yellow, called a Straw color, with whitifh Stripes and Veins in the falling Leaves, and purplifh Lines at the bottom of the ny Leaves.
. The third, or Leffer purple, differs not much from the laft in its Form, Subflonce and Manner of Growing , the chief Difference confifts moftly in the Color , the Flower, which # of a deep Violet pur- ple, fometimes paler, and fometimes fo deep, that it feems almoft black: and fometimes the falling Leaves are purplifh, and the upper Leaves blew ; and fome of thefe have a fweet Smell, and fome have none : alfo fome of them are of a fine pale blew color throughout the whole Flower.
VI. The fourth,. or Leffler bluth-color’d, has its falling Leaves of a reddifh color, and the Thrums blew: the upper and arched Leaves, of a fine pale
ted, or Flefh color, called a blufh color: in all o-| T
ther things it differs nothing, and fimells very litrle, or not at all.
VIL The fifth, or Leffer yellow Variable, has its falling Leaves yellowifh, with purple Lines from the middle downwards , fometimes of a deeper, and fome- times of a paler color, and white Thrums in the mid-
e: the upper Leaves are alfo of a yellowifh color, with purple Lines in them: fometimes the yellow color is paler, and the Lines in both the upper and lower Leaves ofa dull or dead paste color.
VIL. The fixth, or Leffler blew Variable, bas the
Leaves of its Hower of a blewifh yellow, /pot- ted with purple ie fhe broad part, and at the bottom
ves are {pread over
with pale purplifh Lines, and a {mall fhew of blew about the brims or edges. The Thrum is yellow at the bottom, and blewifh above. The arched Leaves are of a blewifh white, being a little deeper on the ridge : fometimes the upper Leaves are of a paler blew, rather whitifh, with the yellow ; and both thefe have no Smell at all.
1X. The a or Purple Sea Dwarf, # Like unto the Narrow-leav’d Sea Flowerdeluce zz Chap. 289. Sekt. 5. aforegoing, in its Root, Leaf and Flow- er, having no other Ditterence, but in the Smallnefs and Lownef$ of irs Growth, being of the fame purs ple color with it.
X. The Places. They are only nurft up with us in Gardens. The Sea kind have been found origi- nally in Spain, France and other Southern Shoars.
XL The Times. They flower in Apri/ and May,
and the Seed is ripe in uly.
XII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with the Blew Flowerde-
luce in Chap. 288. aforegoing.
© HA P. CCXCIIL
FLOWER DELUCE
Grafs, or Narrow-leav'd.
L-Q° HE Names. Itis called in Greek, Xauaises ssvepvaan : in Latin, Chameirés anguftifolia, and Iris pumila angus olia : in Englifh, Narrow- leav’d Dwarf Flowerdeluce, or Grafs Flowerdeluce. Il. The Kinds. There are two fpecial kinds hereof, viz. 1. Chameiris fe oe major, The ter Narrow-leav’d or Grafs Flowerdeluce. 2. bameiris anguftifolia minor, The leller Narrow- leav’d or GrafS Flowerdeluce.
III. The Deferiptions. Fhe firf?, or Greater Grafs or Narrow-leay’d, bas Roots /mall, black and hard, growing thick together, faftned in the Ground with fmall blackifh bard Fibres, or Strings, which
carcely fhoot again, if the Root is removed. From
this Koor fpring forth many long and narrow dark green Leaves, not fo ftiff as fome of the former Smaller Dwarfs in the laft Chapter, but pliant, ard bending their ends down again: from among which rife up feveral Stalks, bearing at the fp two or three Freee Flowers, as {mall as any of them fet down before, of a reddifh purple coler, with whi- tifh yellow and purple Strakes down the middle of the falling Leaves. The arched Leaves are of a Horfe Flefh color all along the edges, and purple on the ridges and tips which turn up again. Under thefe appear three brown. Aglets, like unto Birds ongues. The three upper Leaves are fimall and narrow, of a perfe&t Purple or Violet color. The Heads for have fha and harder cornered edges than the former, and che Seeds are fomething greyith, like thofe in the laft Chapter.
V. The fecond, or Lefler Grafs or Narrow-leav’d, is in Roots, Leaves and Flowers fo like the laft de- feribed, that it is not to be diftinguifhed therefrom, but only by its Smallnefs and LownefS; in which it is confiderably lef$, and by which it only differs.
V. The Places. Thefe grow in feveral Southern Climates of the World, but are only Garden Plants with us.
VI. The Times, They flower fometimes in Apri,
an
391
eral eee De ds) oy
392 Salimon’s
and fometimes in May, according to the Warmth or Coldnefs of the Seafon.
VIL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Blew Flow- ene in Chap. 288. aforegoing, to which you are referred.
CH AP. CCK:
Of FLOWERDELUCE Wild, OR, Stinking GLADW IN.
LP HE Names. It is called in Greek, ives, x
“les mini, dye: in Latin, Xyris, Iris a- &reftis, Spatula, or Spathula Fetida, (for Spatha is taken for Gladium, a Sword:) in Englifh, Gladiol, Gladdon, Gladwin, and Stinking Gladdon and Stink- ing Gladwin.
I]. The. Kinds. It is the laft kind of the Flower- deluce, being the Wild fort, and a fingular Species, called by the Arabians, Caforas, by ‘Theophraftus, “leis dye, Iris agria, and is the Gladiolus Tragi ; but fo called by a Miftake, unlefs he had faid G/- diolus Fetidus. .
Flowerdeluce, Wild, or Stinking’ » |
lll. The Defcription. The Root,
while it is| has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but young, is but fmall,-and full,gf Strings, but being| much more weakly. It is gooda
Her bal.
deluce, but that they are edged on both fides and thicker in the middle, of a deeper green color, narrower, fharper-pointed, and of a: {trong ill Scent if they are bruifed between the Fingers. In the middle rifes up a pretty ftrong Stalk, three Feet high at leaft, bearing three or four Flowers at t top, made fomewhat like the Flowers of the Iris or Flowerdeluce, with three upright Leaves, of a dead purplifh Afh color, having fome Veins difcolored in them ; tho’ other three do not fall down, nor are the other three fimall ones fo arched, nor do they cover the lower Leavesas thofe of the Garden Fow- erdeluce do, but ftand loofe or afunder from .them, The Flowers being paft, there come up hard Cods. or Husks, three-{quare, opening wide pein parts when they are ripe ; in which are contain reddifh Seed, which being perfeétly ripe and dry, become black. 2 .
IV. The Places. It grows in up-land Grounds, " as well as in moift places, in Woods and fhadowy Groves, as alfo by the Sea fide in many places of this Land , and itis alfo nurft up in many Cones
in Gardens. th Scat
V. The Times. It flowers not until Fu/y, and — fometimes in Auguft, and, the Seed is tipein Av guft or September ,; yet the Husks, after bay Bod ripe, and do open themfélves, will hold their Seeds — within them for two or three Months, and not fhed
them. “ear The Root is chiefly ufed, and
+
VI. The cee Miah Deo itis hot an in the > itis tive, Abfterfive and Aftringent ; Fiyterick, Pur mick, Emmenagogick and Cathartick, = __
VIL. The we ope It is peculiarly ee againft the Strangury, Obftruétion of the 7 ot iio 4
VIII. The Preparations. You may have there from, 1. A Juice of the Roots. 2. AmEfenct. 3. A Decottion in Wine. 4. An Infufion in Ale or Wine. 5. A Vinegar. 6. A Pouder of the Root. 7. A Pouder of the Seed. 8. A Cataplafm. 9A Fuice of the Leaves. 10. APeffary ¥
The Virtues.
IX. The Fuice of the Root. It purges Cholerand Flegm, both upwards and downwards in weak Sto- machs.and ill Habits of Body, cleanfing thofe Parts very well. Snuffed up the Note, it caufeth Sneez- ing, and clears the Head from much vifcous se Flegm and Pufs. Rubbed upon places toubied with the Itch, it is faid to cure it. a
-X. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the liquid Juice, but more powerful ; and given inwardly two or three Spoonfuls in a GlafS of White Lisbon Wine, it provokes the Terms in Women; but ite to ber ayes to fuch ti are with Child, for of caufin tion or Mifcarriage. dr Bes
XI The Decottion in Wine. It purges Chole and Flegm, as the Juice and Effence do, provokes the Terms, and has all the other Properties, but o*
, {
- “4 . ade 1 ed % ,
perates much more weakly, and therefore is more fit for the weaker Conftitutions... It is good for . as are troubled with Cramps or Convu Nol, Sciatica, and thelike ; and gives Cc troubled with the Colick, Griping of the Guts, XII. The Infufion in White Port Wine or
grown older, it grows greater, and in Form like unto| the Bowels, Colick, Strangury, and all for
a Flowerdeluce Root, but reddifh without, and whi-
{tructions of Urine, occafioned from Sand,
tifh within, very Jharp and hot in Tafte, and of as| tartatous Matter obftructing tke Reins and bla a.
ill a Smell as the Leaves. From.this Root rife up | der feveral Leaves, very like thote-of an Iris or Flower-
XIII. The Vinegar. Taken to four or: ix i,
or more, it is gently Emetick, and cures Agues, Fe- | Branches, partly lying upon the Ground, and part- vers, Spleen, &c. ly ftanding upright, fet with almcft round Leaves; XIV. The Pouder of the Root. Snuffed up the yet a little pointed at the ends, and fometimes more Noftrils, it is a very good Errhine to purge the | long than round, without order thereon, being fome- Head and Brain of cold, moift and pituitous Hu-] what hoary, and of an ill greenifh white color. At mors, drawing them from thence in great quanti- | the joints all along the Stalks, and with the Leaves, tics. Taken inwardly to one Dram in White Port} come forth finall Flowers, one at a place, upon a or Lisbon Wine, it helps fuch as are troubled with| very {mall Footftalk, gaping fomething like thofe Cramps and Convulfions, Gouts, Sciatica’s, griping of Snapdragon, or rather Flaxweed, whofe upper Pains in the Belly, Strangury, Heat, Pain and Stop-| jaw is of a yellow color, and the lower of a pur- page of Urine. It is given with much profit to fuch | plifh, with a fmall heel or fpur behind, as the Li- as have had long Fluxes thro’ the Acrimony of ill} zaria has. The Flowers being gone, {mall round Humors, which it ftays, after it has firft purged and} Heads come forth, which contain fimall black cleanfed the Bowels. Seed. XV. The Pouder of the Seed. Given from half ee ; a Dram to a ae in White Port Wine, it helps Fluellin round Leav'd: the Strangury, and caufes them to Pifs prefently, which before could not. If it is taken with Vine- gar, it diffolves the Hardnefs and Swelling of the Spee and prevails againft Hypochondriack Melan-
choly.
XVL The Cataplafm. If it is made up into a Pultife with Great Centory Root, Honey and Verdi- gtife, and applied, it is good againft all Wounds of the Head, and draws forth Splinters, Thorns, bro- ken Bones, or any other thing {ticking in the Flefh, and that without pain. If the Root is made into a Cataplafin by boiling in Vinegar, and be laid up- on any Tumor or Swelling, it very effeStually dif- folves or confumes it, yea even thofe Tumors of the Neck and Throat called the King’s Evil.
XVIL. The Fuice of the Leaves. It is good a- gainft Scabs, Itch, Tettars, Ringworms, Scurf, Morphew, Tanning, Sunburning, Yellownefs of the ig Leprofie, and other like deformities there-
of.
XVIIL The Pela. Being made of the Root, or of the {wer and Pouder of the Root, and pe up into the Womb, it brings down the Terms in Wo- men where they have been long ftopt ; but you muft have a care that it be not ufed to a Woman } with Child, becaufe it may caufe Abortion.
CHA P. CCXCV.
IV. The fecond, or Cornered leaved Fluellin, bas Of FLUELIN, a Root Ma is {mall and Thready like the other, perifhing every Year; from which comes forth O R, onger Branches, wholly trailing upon the Ground two or three Feet in length, and fometimes more Female SPEEDWELL. fully, fometimes more thinly fet with Leaves there-
on, upon finall or fhort footftalks, which are a lire tle larger, and fomewhat round, and cut in or s HE Names. It iscalled in Greek ’Eaanm:| cornered for the moft part on the edges in fome by the Arabians, Athin : in Latin, Elatine,| places : But the lower end or bottom of them, be- Veronica, Femina, Fuchfit, Matthioli, Camerarii,| ing the btoadeft part of the Leaf, has on eacti fide Dodonwi Lobelii, Loniceri : in Englifh, Fluellin, or\a fimall produftion, making it feem as if they Female ae were Ears, a little hairy withall, but not hoary, Il. The Kinds. It is one of the forts of Speed-| and of a better green color than the former. The well, and the Female Species thereof, of which} Flowers come forth at the Joints with the Leaves, there are thefe three following kinds, viz. 1. E/a-| upon little long Footftalks; every one by it felf, tine folio fubrotundo, Veronica Femina ony ea one above another, in form very like unto the other, tundo, Round leaved Fluellin. 2. Elatine five Ve-| but the Colors therein are more white than yellow, ronica Femina folio accuminato, Fluellin with corner’d | and the purple is not fo fair. It is a larger Flow-
Leaves. 3. Elatine five Veronica famina flore cwru-| er, and fo is the Seed, and Seed Veffels.
leo folioque accuminato, Cornered Fluellin with Blew} V. The chird, or Cornered Fluellin with blew Flowers, Flowers, bas a Root which x fmall and thready, ta king hold of the up a ha! ed of the Earth, where Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or round leav’d| it fpreads it felf, from whence rife Stalks or Fluellin, bas a Root which is {mall and Thready, dy-| Branches, with Leaves thereon which differ but ing every Year, and raifes it felf again of its own | little from the laft, but that the Leaves are not fo
Sowing. From whence fhoot forth many long|much cornered about Sg edges, and lef§ boii e¢ alfo,
Salmon’s Herbal.
VIN. The Qualities. Fluellin is Temperate in
394
alfo, at the toot or loweft part ot’ them : The Flow-
€rs are almoft all Blew, with {ome finall matter of |refpe&t to heat or coldnefS, drynefs or moifture. —
White in them, which being paft away, finall pou- }is Cleanfing, Aftringent, Incatnative, Vulnerary ches ot Seed Vefléls fucceed, not unlike the for- |Stomatick, Hepatick, Alexipharmick and Refto: mer. rative.
| Filuclen nit? cornered leases
Wass 2 4 : 42 ( “ Oy. bt » -
X. The Preparations. You ma We Son this Herb, 1. A Liquid Fwice. 2. ‘an ‘efence. 3.4 Decottion in Water or Wine. 4. A Balfam. 5. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
XI. The Liquid Fuice. Given to three ot four Spoonfuls at a time Morning and Evening in a
lafS of Red Port it {tops defluxions from the Head, alfo other deHuxions u Pikes
D or Hi G a Di arrheca, Dyfenteria, Lienteria, Hepatic [Sn The Ewce. Kelas all the former Vint
| but more efficacious : It flops all forts of Bleeding whether at the Nofe, or Spitting, Vomitting or | Piffing of Blood; alfo fluxes of ae a
on
eating; and outwardly Te to dry, con- glutinate and heal any fimp! ie one W Itis of fingular ufe gaint the French Pox, and all it
; cl if ing and eati ers proceeding the fame, Flucllin cornered with blew Flowers. | {o that Patecly any other Vegetable comes up tothe 1 height of its excellency in this Café. Pena gives P ais }a relation of om as 1 was pes x as with an eati nker ppofe proceeding VA a Sa the French Pox) which pes by the Phyficians order . N\ to have been cut off, to preferve the reft of his sy [ogy Face and Body, now ready to fall intoa [ Pay} IW D7 . Leprofie; a fimple Barber being in Company, SS AN hearing of it, defired that he might firft make tryal
Ve
of an Herb which he had feen his Maftet ufe in like Cafe, it was granted, and he ufed only the Juice and Decoétion of this Herb, giving of them inwardly, and applied the Herb outwardly: By this only means he recovered the Patient, and not only Cured the [ Pocky ] eating Ulcer’of Se é
whole Body, which” he was now fallen into; and
XIH. The Decottion in Wine or all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but lefs efficacious, and therefore ought to be ago ble or quadruple quantity, two or three times a
digefts, cleanfés, inearnates, dries, and heals ol Ulcers, putrid, fretting and eating Sores, and Gures at once or twice dreffing any fimple green Wound, in what Bet of the Body fo ever. ’ rf XV. The Cataplafm. It is made of the 8 Herb, bruifed of mixed with Barly Flower applied to watering Eyes, occafioned by de
Balfam made of any of the Vul fetes
VI. The Places. They grow upon Banks and Borders of Fields, in Sandy Grounds and Woods almolt every where; as alfo in Cornfields, and in Borders about them, and in other fertile Grounds, as about Southfleet in Kent, in great abundance; at Buckworth alfo, Hamerton and Richwerfworth, in Huntingtonfhire, and in feveral other places, both
there and elfewhere. i
tion withal, it very much helps them, and
Vil. The Times. They all flower about May, | other Defixions of Pigs on any er Fane and July, and the whole Plant is Withered | whatfoever, wherethere is Pain, Diflocation, W by the beginning of September. : nefs, Wound, orlllcer, =
Lib. I heals alfo old Ulcers, eating Cankers, P erup- : po
aS a Diy atk Hag an i cata gt ay ie
but alfo the [ Pocky] Scabbineis or Leprofie of his by. this alone means became perfeétly well : ie Water. Khas |
ay. XIV. The Balfam. t is no ways tofecjor toa .
—.
from the Heads, where there is Heat and Inflamma=
Chap. 296. Englifh Herbs.
XVI. An Obfervation. The notable ufe of this Plant in curing fome inveterate, malign, and almoft fuppofed incurable Difeafes, as is before hinted, makes me believe, that not only this Herb, but ma- iny other fimple Herbs have been ufed by the Avci- ents, in curing many deplorable infirmities, of which we have at this day no particular account ; by which it appears that they preferred Simples before Compounds: And were we now, but as in- duftrious'in the inveftigation of the Virtues and Powers of Herbs, as thofeof Ancient times were, and made but as many.tryals of them as they did , 1 doubt not but we might be’as happy in our pur- fuit of the fame as they were, and do greater things with even fimple Medicaments, than even the Learned profefs to do with their moft pompous Compounds. But of this enough.
CHAP. CCXCVI.
of FLIE STONES, OR FLIE ORCHIS, orBee Flower.
1. *¥. HE Names. It is called in Greek "Ogs
Tis uvias, X “Ogrgs uviint, H uviw@ : in Latin, Orchis mufcaria ; and in Englifh Fly Stones, Fly Or- chis, and Bee Flower.
Il. The Kinds. ‘There are four kinds hereof, viz. 1. Orchis Hermaphroditica Candida, The White Butterfly Orchis. 2. Orchis Melittias, five apifera, Bee Orchis, or Bee Flower. 3. Orchis Sphegodes, Gnat Orchis, or Gnat Satyrion. 4. Orchis Myodes, Fly Orchis, or Fly Stones. :
Ill. The Deferiptions. The fir/t, or White But- terfly, bas a Root taking part of both Orchis and Palma Chrifti, being not altogether round, nor fully handed, from whence it took the Name Hermaphro- ditica, to fignifie both Kinds. The Leaves are two in number, feldom more, being fair and broad, like unto the Leaves of Lillies, without any Spot at all in them. .At the Top of the Stalk ftands many White Flowers, not fo thick fet asthe Pa/mata, and every one of them being fhaped like unto a White Butterfly, with the Wings fpread abroad, with a fpur behind ic full of a honyed Liquot.
IV. The fecond, or Bee Orchis or Stones, has Roots which are two together, round and white, ha- ving a certain Mucilaginity or Clamminefs within them, without any tafte almoft at all, as all or moft
art of thefe Kinds have. This is a fmall and low lane. for the moft part, with three or four finall Leaves at the bottom. The Stalk is feldom above
fix Inches high, with four or five Flowers thereon, }
_ one above another, having round Bodies, and fome- what flat, of a kind of yellowifh color, with purple Wings above them, fo like unto an Hony Bee, that it might foon deceive one who had never feen fuch a Flower before.
V. The third, or Gnat Orchis or Stones, has Roots which are two round Bulbs or Tubers, like as the others are. The Leaves of this Plant are fome- what larger than of the Beeflower. The Stalk al- fo is fomewhat higher. The Flowers are fewer on the Top, but fomewhat larger than of the former, or Bee Orchis, and fhaped to the refemblance of a Goat, or great long Fly. a ae ~s eyed. ~~ *
+o % |
_ VI. The fourth, or Fly Orchis or Fly Stones, % in its Root and Leaf like to the lajt defcribed, thé difference #s chiefly in its Flower, which is neither fo long as the Gwat Orchis, nor. fo great as the Bee Orchis, but the lower part of the Fly is black, with a lift of Afhcolor crofling the Back, with a fhew of Legs hanging at it. The natural Fly feems to be fo in love with it, that you fhall feldom come in the heat of the day, but you fhall find one fit- ing thereon.
2
VII. The Places. All thefe grow in many places
of Exgland, fome in Woods, as the Butterfly, others
on dry Banks and barren Blaces in Kent, and {e- veral otlier Shires.
VIL. The Times. They Flower for the moft
‘we in the beginning or middle of Alay, feldom
ter.
IX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, and Virtues, are the fame with thofé of tlie Cyno- forchis or Dog-ftones in Chap. 226. aforegoing, fo that we fhall fay no more thereof in this place.
CHAP. CCLXXXXVIL
of FOOLSTONES.
I. HE Names. It is called in “Oys weed + in Latin Orchis morio, Orchis morionis, Les fticulus morionis : in Englifh Fool-ftones.
Hl. The Kinds. There are many Kinds hereof, as, 1. Orchis morio mas foltis maculatis, The greatet Male Fool-ftones. 2. Orchis morio dltera maculata, Other Fool-ftones with {potted Leaves. 3. Orchis morio mas foliis non maculofis, Male Fool-f{tones not fpotted. 4. Orchis morio femina, Female Fool-ftones. 5. Orchis morio minor folii maculatis, {mall Foot -{tones with {potted Leaves. 6. Orchis Anthropopho- ra oreades mas, The Male Neopolitan Fool-{tones.
Eee 2 Il. The
F
396 Salmon s Herbal. : Lib. L
Ul. The Defcriptions. The firft, or greater Male | whze
Fool-ftones, har a double round Luberous Root: like The Leaves are larger but not broader than the a pair of Man's flones, from whence rife up five ith for or fix broad and 'fmooth long Leaves, like 10 thofe of Lilies, having black Spots on their upper fides. The Stalk alfo has fome thereon, which compafs jt at bottom, but finaller : The Flowers grow in a Spike, which are fmall and purple, each of them
having. an open hood, or helmet higheft, with two : 4 {inall Leaves like Ears, ftanding upright at the fides | X. The Places. The’ firft five grow for the moft
@f them; the Belly which is Towelt is whiter, ha-| part in Fields, and by Wood fides in many places ving on the backfide a crooked heel or Horn. The | of England, but the two laft are Natives of Italy: whole Flower is Sweet, and very pleafant to be- aa" they are all of them nurft up here with us in Gardens. : P . ‘;
XI. The Times. The all flower in May, as the — reft of the Orchides do.
XIl. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, and Virtues, axe the fame with thofe of Cynoforchis — | or Dag-ftones in Chap. 226. aforegoing, to which is| we fhall refer you. ,
Fee se! q
nor fo thick ; but the Flower it felf is like the
in fhape, but of a pale color, {potted very thick, as fmall as Sand, having the hood greenith with — purple edges.
hold.
IV. The fecond, or Other Fool-ftones with fpotted Leaves, bzs tefticles like the other, but not fo large, nor fo round, From which Spring up frve, fix, or more
CoH AUP. CCXCVIIL
and very like the laft, but not fpotted. 'TheFlow- ers ate either of a deeper, Or OF a paler purple co-
of FOX STONES.
ah Pe Names. This Plant is called in Greek ~Opys Esegmiasy inn Latin Orchis Serapias, Te- fiiculus Vulpinus, and in Englifh Fox Stones.
Il. The Kinds. There are many forts of Fox Stones, as 1. Orchis Serapias Bifolia latiffima, The : greatelt Twablade Fox Stones. 2. Orchis Serapias
Pp ; Pipeciall a thefe Flowers which are all White. Vi. The fourth, or Female Fool-ftones, bas a dox-
Sin of the Male kind, and Ribbed almoft like unto
lying on the Ground, and fome of them lifting themfelves up higher, encompat- fing the Stalk, ‘which is fhorter than thofe of the Male fort. The Flowers at top of the Stalk,
have gaping or Op , Fro c : the ee a each fide ftand not upright, but lie | vacbaitis, The Spider Flower. 7- Orchis Pijeacs
{o clofe thereon, that they are hardly difcerned, Herbacei coloris, with a heel behind them as the others have. This is either of a:dark Violet purple color, the middle part whiter and fpotted, or © a pale Red, whofe Stalk is fhorter, and Leaves leffer, or elfe of a fcar- Jet Red ; the fearlet Head being thick and fhort, and the Flowers finaller.
3. Orchis § begodes major, The great Bumble Be Orchis or Fox Stones. 4+ Orcbis Myodes mayor,
g. Orchis Macrophyllos Colwmmt, = ong Leav’d Fox Stones of Columna. There are many other Kinds of Fox Stones , but thefe are the
chief. , ee Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greatelt
VIL. Lhe fifth, or Small Fool-ftones with fpot-| Twablade Fox Stones, bas Roots-or Tefticles which ted Leaves, bas a double Tefticulous Root like the\ are great and fomewhat long, like unto longifb Tur- others, trom whence fpring up two oF three {imall, | zeps, from whence two very large Leaves only oe Jong {potted Leaves, with a Stalk in the middle of | up, not much lef$ than thofe of the White Hellevor, them, which they {feem to encompafs, thofe up with feveral Veins running through them, green On higher being much {maller than they. The Flow- the upper fide and paler underneath, but pitt ; ers are purple, {potted, and very finely ftriped. withal, the Stalk rifes to be a Foot and half high,
VILL. The fixth, orMale Neapolitan Fool-ftones, five {quare, witha few Leaves or Skins thereon, — has a pair of Tefticles which are round, but much clofing it as it were about; the Flowers grow ina longer than the other hinds, from which {pring wu, fpiked Head, like unto others, but great an a » fix, feven or more Leaves, the length of ones Hand, | being either Purple, fpotted with White, or wholly
ant an Inch broad, of a pale frefh green Color, White.
waved about the edges, and at their bottoms encom-\ _ \V. ‘The fecond,or Hungarian Twablade Fox Stones, cP
pajfing the Stalk. The Stalk is about a Foot high, | this iz its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, and Elower, ier
more or lefs, and at its top has a {piked bufh of | zy “Ae the former, but omewhat lower, and lelter;
Flowers, which are’ Ked before they open, and of a| both in Leaves, Stalks, and Flowers, ew ich are
fair blufh color being blown. They are in form | fometimes both Purple and {potted, and fometimes
like to the others before the hood or helmet opens ; | White, as the former is. «a
having finall Leaves like Ears on the fides, with} V. She third, or Great Bumble Bee Oxchis ot Fox Stones. ‘Ibis bas Tefticles lefs se fora i
or :
{hort Arms as it were hanging down by the Body, the lower parts of which are furnitht as it. were | and rounder, from whence Spring five
with Thighs and Legs, the Feet being cut off : From this form of the Flowers being fo much in the fhape of a Man, came the Name. Amtbropo-
phora. 1X. Of this laft fort there is alfo a Female kind,
ed
= rd a2 Fas Sa ¥¢ *
i.
row Leaves, Ribbed, like Ribwort Plant little lefs, the Stalk is about Nine or 4 high, bearing five or fix Flowers at the head t the form cf which is fomewhat ke t a Bee, ot Drone Bee, as it is co mmonly ¢
top Wings.
ving fome few fimall whitith Purple Leaves, like
Wings, above, and a brownifh Belly or Body be- low.
Bumble Bee.
VI. The fourth, or Greater Flefh Fly Fox Stones, bas Tefticles like the other Kinds, from whence {pring up three or four fomewhat broad and long fmooth green Leaves next the Ground; the Stalk rifes about five or fix Inches high, with a few large Flowers fet at top, refembling a great Flefh Fly, —_ of four Leaves, three above, and one long one
ow.
VII. The fifth, or Frog Orchis, or Fox Stones, bas a pair of Tefticles large, and fomething long, with a String or Strings at the bottom part thereof, from this Root {pring two or more broad and fhort Leaves below, but narrower and longer as they grow up higher on the Stalk, at the top of which grow fe-
veral yellowifh Flowers, refembling the Bodies of} ed
Frogs, with the Head and fore parts greenifh, trom whence it took the Appellation.
VIL. Fobnfon on Gerard gives us another of the Frog Kind, which he calls Serapias Batrachitis al- tera, or another Frog Orchis ; this bas a Root fhaped between the Orchis rotunda avd Palmata, it grows to the height of the former, with fhort Leaves encom- paping the Stalk at their fetting on, the Flowers grow on a Spiked Head, and refemble a Frogs with their long Leaves; but if you look upon them in a- nother manner, they will then fomething refemble little Flies, for which reafon Lobe/ calls it as well Myodes as Batrachites.
1X. The fixth, or Spider Flower, has for its Root a pair of round Tefticles, “stad whence {prings forth a Stalk much about the height of the Frog Orchis ; upon which grow fix, eight or more Leaves, being more in number than grow upon the Stalk of the Frog kind, they are alfo narrower and longer. At the foe. of ee pom aes forth three or four Flow- ets, I ing a Spider in the round Belly, and the fale Neck or partition, between it aba the
X. The feventh, or Green Butter-fly, har bulbed Tefticles a little peated at Bottom; from whence
fpring up feveral large, finooth, green Leaves next the Ground; and others finaller and longer upon the Stalk. The Flowers are many and great, re- fembling Butter-fies, with their Wings {pread a-. broad, of a kind of GrafS green color, with a Spur behind. )
White purple Birds Flower} or
XI. The eighth, or White or Purple Birds Flower, has a large pair a round Tefticles, but a little point- ed at Bottom; from whence /pring up four, fix or more Leaves, which are fomething large, and for the moft part Checquered or Spotted (for there is much diverfity herein; fome having broad, large and pointed, others narrower, leffer, and rounder point- ed Leaves: ) there are feveral other Leaves which
ow upon the Stalk, which feem to enclofe or em-
race it; being long, {potted alfo and fharp point- . The Flowers grow towards the top ot the Stalk, Spike fafhion;, which are large, and like the laft, with a Spur alfo behind them, fome of them are all White, others are Purple, and fome between both, of a purplifh. White.
XII. The ninth, or Long-leav’d Fox-{tones, be
a but one found Tefticle (the other as it may
cem, being decayed and gone ) with fome Fibres both at bead, and on the fides, whichis not ufual in any of the other Orchides. From this Root rifes up a Stalk about three Feet high, having two very long Leaves at bottom, but of an unequal length , thofe which grow next on the Stalk are much long- er, fome being a Foot and half long, and very nar- row; but thofe up higher are fhorter and broader. Atthe top of the Stalk grow the Flowers {pike fa- fhion for a Foot in length, each of which ftandslike a cro{s hollow Pipe, having a broad and long beard thereat, of a fine blufh Color, with a more purplith Leaf like a Tongue, hanging down, "iroad above, and finall below.
XUL The Places. Thefe grow not all of them in one kind of Soil or Ground, for fome are ~
lil
| 393 Salmon’s
Wood Lands, fome in Clay Grounds, fome in Fertile
Fields, other fome in Barren places, dry and Sandy | fort, and of a bluth color.
pa and {ome of them in a low, humid or moi arth.
XIV. The ‘limes. Thefe all Flower from almoft the middle of Apri/, until the end of May.
XV. ‘The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, and Virtues of thefe Fox-ftones, fee in Chap. 226. before paft, thefe having the fame properties with thofe Cynoforchis or Dog-ftones there treated of:
CHAP. CCLXXXXIX,
Of FOX GLOVE Garden, : -O R, FOX FINGER, Garden.
1. HE Names. This Plant was wholly un-
4 known to the Ancient Greeks and Latins, fo far as we know, for which reafon it has no Greek Name, nor yet any Latin Name but what is very Modern and noyal. Some of the latter Writers have called it Digitalis, which is the moft common Name, and firft fo called as fome think by Fuchfius ; others call it A/cima, and Damafonium , ‘Tragus calls it Campanula Syloeftris : Dalechampius upon Pliny, thinks it to be Viola Calathiana Plinii: in Englifh it : called Fox Glove, and Fox Finger; alfo Finger
Vort.
Il. The Kinds. There are two general kinds, viz. 1. Digitalis Hortenfis, Digitalis Sativa, Garden Fox Glove, of which we treat (God willing) in this Chapter. 2. Digitalis Sylveftris, Digitalis a- greflis, Qigitalis vulgaris, Common Field Fox Glove, or Finger Wort, of which in the next Chapter.
Ill. Of the Garden kind there are feven ( proper- ly but fix) feveral Species, viz. 1. Digitalis maxi- ma ¥erruginea, Dun or Ruft colored Fox-glove, or Finger-wort. 2. Digitalis major flore carneo, Bluth- colored Fox-glove. 3. Digitalis media flore luteo rubente, Orange-tawney Fox-glove. 4. Digitalis major alba, The greater white Fox-glove. 5. Di- gitalis minor alba, The \effer white Fox-glove. 6. Digitalis major lutea flore amplo, The great yellow Fox-glove. 7. Digitalis minor lutea palida, The {mall pale yellow Fox-glove.
! IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Dun or Ruft colored Fox-glove, bas a Root which is fibrous or firingy, (like that of the Common or Field kind ) ‘awhich does ufyally perifh, or feldom out-live its gi- ving Secd. From this Root {pring up Leaves which are Jong and large, of a greyifh green color, finel cut or dented about the edges. Among whic comes up a tall ftrong Stalk, which, when it is full grown, and with ripe Seed thereon, has been found to be féven Feet at leaft in height; on which grow almoft an innumerable company ( refpefting the great abundance) of Flowers, nothing fo large as the Common or Field kind, and of a brown or yel- lowifh dun color, with a long Lip at every Flower. They being pafled away, then comes the Seed, much like tke Common kind, but in fmaller Heads. V. The fecond, or Bluth-colored, bas Roots, Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, much like to the Common Field kind, but al/ /e/s. The Leaves are reafonable large, but not fall out fo large as the Common. The
Fox-glove is none of the Greatelt kinds, nor yer is
Herbal... Wabi.
Flowers are alfo confiderably {maller than the Fie/d
VI. The third, or Orange Tawney, has a fibrous Root, which perifhes plat sos bearing Seed, which is ufually the fecond Year of its [pringing up. ‘This
it any of the Smalleft, but 2 Medium between both. Its Leaves are in fome Proportion correfpondent to the Lefer yellow, but not fo large as the Lefer white. The Flowers are long and narrow, tin large as the laft White, but nothing fo large as the firft White, and of a fair yellowith brown color, as if the yellow was over-hadowed with a reddifh color, and is that we ufually call an Orange-tawney color. The Seed of this is very like the former. VIL. The fourth, or Greater White Fox-Glove, és in Root, Stalk, Leaves, Flowers, and Seed, as al» fo in the manner of growing, fo like to the Common Field Kind, shat st can fcarcely de Sings from it, except in the frefher greenne/s and largene/s of the Leaves, the Flowers are as large as thofe of the faid Common Kind, but they differ in Color, for as thofe are Purple, thefé are wholly White, without any fpot in them; .in the Seed and alll other things
a: “er
TIl. The fifth, or Leffler White, has a Fibrom Root, enduring as the others do, the Leaves are like unto the laft deferibed, but not altogether fo long or large, and of a darker green Color , the Stalk grows not > high, not being full three Feet ; the Flowers cot aitat oF litpa da it ole ge not fo great or ina ings alike; the Seed isalfo Ike Ce Hamar ia, Gis
IX. The fixth; or Greater Yellow, has a Root which is greater at the Head, and more Woody than any of the reft, with Am Imaller Fibres, fpreading themfelves in the Ground, and abides almoft as well . as our Common Purple Kind; the Leaves of this are in-form fomewhat like unto the Common Kind, but not altogether fo large, the Stalk grows to be three or four Feet high, on which grow many long, hollow, pendulous Flowers, in fhape like unto the Common ¥ield Purple , but fomewhat fhorter, and more large and open at the brims, of a fair yellow Pir in which are long Threads, as in the 0 thers.
X. The feventh, or Small pale Yellow, has a a which is See. Po ey rs rg eldom perifhes with the hardfhip of the extreamefE = Froft ; fe has fomewhat fhort, al fmooth, and dark green Leaves, {nipt or dented about the edges very finely, the Stalk is two Feet high, befet with fuch like Leaves, but leffer, the Flowers are more in number than in any of the reft, except the firlt and greateft, and grow along the upper part of the Stalk, being long and hollow, like the other, but very fall, and of a-pale yellow Color, alm white. \ oe
XI. The Places.. All thefe, except the fourth, or Greater White, are Strangers to us, but are alk of them cherifhed in our Gardens; the faid Greater White Kind has been often found growing wildin © many-places of England, and are ia
oe tk
hard by the Common Field Purple Kin XII. The Times. ‘They flower in Fume and Jue
Chapter.
XIE. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, axe the fame with the Common Field purple kind-in Chap. 300. next following, to whi you are referred. “| se
K- 7? 5 ae, seid pe Cus,
Chap. 300,
OfFOXGLOVE Common, or Field. -O°R,
FINGER-WORT Wild or Ordinary.
1 So E Names. tt has no Greek Name as a- A. forefaid; nor any ancient Latin Name, as being unknown to any of the ancient Greeks or Latims : But our modern Digitalis 5 which we render or Fox Finger, or Finger Wort. The Kinds his is the fecond ing the common ordinary, 1a major flore Bur co, alfo } ot om afioris. Tra- wvefiris fore purpureo, the Epheme ff Dafeort
And Dalechampius
be Viola Calathiana Pij it, as is fhid before in the former Chapter ; but i }
purpurea Vulgaris, Common purple Fox Glove,
HII. The Defcription. Siust, busky Fibres, and fome greater Strings among
them x from whence ip “ng up many long and broad Leaves, upon t
pins edges, a litle Soft or Woolly,
bottom to the middle; to the top it is with large, hollow, reddifh purple Flowers, a little More long and eminent at the lower Edge, with fome white Spots within them, one above another
Authors have called it| th in Englifh, Fox Glove, :
| 399
ed fharp at the ends, which contain Seed.
e 4 It grows in dry Sandy Ground ae wait i the higher as
V. The Times. They Flower and Flourith in
—_ and Fuly, but feldom before Fuly ; and the is Ripe in Augu/t.
VL Th
Vulnerary : Peftoral, Hepatick and Arthritick; Eme- wah rails and Analeptick.
rup. 4. A Decottion or Infufion. Balfam. 6. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
IX. The Liquid Fuice. It urges and cléeanfes the Lungs, Stomach and Bowe S; but ought to be given not in too great a quantity, becaufe of its vio. lent Operation, “It may be given from three Spoon: fuls to Six, in Mead or White Port Wine, accord. ing to Age and Strength ; it works ftrongly both upwards and downwards, and prevails againft the Gout, aid Khumatifin ; to be an excellent thing
5. An Ointment or
bruifed and ap ufed in old an up their moifture,
ae gs and vifcous Humors, affecting the Lungs, Brett and Stomach :
occafioned thereby, tience, it has been found effetual againft the Falling-ficknefs, for that divers have Cured thereby. Dofe from two to according to Age and Strength: in the Morning fafting, to be given in any propery
XI. The Syrup, or Rob of the Fuice of the Herb
and Flowers made. with
Sa =
tA» 400. Salmon’s veyed to allrthe Parts of the Body. It may be gi- ven Morning and Night, four or five Spoonfuls at a time, according to Age and Strength: fome ad- vife three Spoonfuls to be given in the Morning fafting in Mead, as much at Ten in the Morni three Spoonfuls at Four in the Afternoon, and laft- ly, as much at going to Bed. This Medicine has reltored ( where the Patient has not been Cure ) beyond all Expectation. It cutes a Phehifick or U1- ceration of the Lungs, when alljother Medicines have failed, and the Sick efteemed.paft Cure. . It opens the Breft and Lungs, trees them from tough Flegm, cleanfes the Ulcer, and heals it, when all other Remedies a€t without Effect. I have known
_ it do Wonders, and {peak here from a long Experi-
ence. Perfons in deep Confumptions, and given o- ver by all Phyficians, have by the Ufe of this Syru
_ or Rob been your i recovered, and fo y t
reftored as to grow fat again. I commend it as a Secret, and it ought to be kept as a Treafiure. Thefe few Lines concerning this Medicament alone are worth ten times the Price of the whole Book. I am very confident of it, the deplorable ‘wafted Pa- tient, who has been long languifhing in an inveterate and tedious Confumption, or a Phthifis, if they make ufe hereof, will give me Thanks for this No- tice, whilft they may have Reafon enough to Curfe even the Memories of Quacking Blood-fuckers, If fue-makers, and Blifter-drawers, who, as oe 4 may have poflibly drained them of a fair part of their Eftate and Treafures, would, by a Continuance un- der their Hands, (for all their fpecious Methods of Cure) have fooll’d them out, of their Lives too. But here isto be noted, That.this Syrup ought chiefly or only to be made of the Flowers.
XII. The Infufion or Decottion. ° They shave; the},
Virtues of the Juice, Effence and Syrup,’ but much lefS efficacious, and therefore are to be given ina larger Dofe. They powerfully open Obftru€tions of the Vifcera ; and may be given Dietetically in the Cure of Confumptions, Kings-evil, Ulcers, Fi- ftula’s, €7c.
XII. The Ointment or Balfam. The Ointment is {aid to be one of the beft Remedies for a fcabby Head that is: it is alfo good againft Pimples, Tet- tars, Ringworms, Scurft, Morphew, or other Scab- binefS and Breakings out in ‘any Part of the Body. The Balfam is an excellent Vulnerary, curing fim- ple Wounds at once or twice drefling;:. it alfo di- gefts, cleanfes, incarnates, dries and heals old and putrid Ulcers, fretting and eating Sores, and fuch as proceed from the Kings-evil.
IV. The Cataplafm. The Flowers being ftampt together with frefh Butter or Hogs-Lard, and fo made into a Pultife, and applied to any Part affe- &ted with the Kings-evil,, i¢ has been found by ma- nifold Experience to be very available for the Cure of that Difeafe. If the Flowers cannot be had, you may ufe the Leaves in like manner, or make them into an Ointment with Hogs-Lard and Beef-Suet ; this,will work the fame, tho’ not altogether fo powerfully as that made with the Flowers.
XV. The difcuffive Cataplafm. ‘Take Fox-glove Flowers, or-Leaves, if the Flowers are not to be had, a pound, Oat-meal.a pint , boil the Ogt-meal foft in a fufficient quantity of running Water, then add the Fox-glove, and boil to»a Confiftence. This applied warm Morning and Evening to a Contufion in a Womans Leg, where the Tumor made it four times as big as the found Leg; being alfo in great An-
guifh, and full of Pain; it eafed the:Pain, difcuf-| N
fed the Tumor, and in a little time did the Cure; but afterwards a ftrengthening Cerecloth was’ ap- plied, to perfect it,
3 "i i
mis Hania, >; Lala
C.H.A P.. CCCL
Of FOXTAIL, O-R, , ' FOXTAIL-GRASS, : . iO i f ; Te W Ha MAL I. HE Names... perch "Anon s@: in Latin, Alopecuros, a vulpis , Lugdunenjis calls it Gramen tomentofum Aloper vera Plinii and Theopbrafti : in mati, Postal :
arf. ‘ . The Kinds, Authors make three feveral forts hereof, viz. 1. Z7aseie@-, Stelephuros Plinii,
men Alopecuros vera Plinii, curos genuing, and genuina Theopbrafti, The true Foxtail-grafs, 2. <Alopecuros Dodonei, Alopecuros altera Anglic €7 Flandrica, Another -grafs Englifh and Fle« mifh, fo called by Lobe/, becaufe he found it both in England and Flanders. 3. ccuros maxima Anglica Lobelii, The greateft Englith Foxtail-
True Foxtail-Grafs. ik
Il. The Defcriptions. “The fivff, or Tre Fox- tail-grafs, bar a Tall Root made of a few Fibres, which perifhes every Year. This Root fendsup two or three, or more, foft hoary Stalks, about a Foot high; with fmall,long and narrow foft Leavesom them, as hoary as the Stalks ; on which ftand fof, woolly or hoary Heads, fomewhat long and 1¢ befet round with foft Hairs, of a pale ftraw refembling a Foxes Tail, from whence it toe
ame. . IV. The fecond, or Other Foxtail-grals, bar mua? alike fibrous Root, with Stalks and Leaves muc)
to the former, faving, that they are long Stalks growing higher. The Heads allo are!
Chap. 302... Enghifh. Herbs.
and rounder, and nothing fo woolly or hoary as the
other are. ox taile
eat English Sa Grafs
all) /
SO
/\
| 4 \ OT \Wwe
of, Co ¥
IAN
V. The third, or Greateft Englifh ness has a fibrous Root, from whence Spring up Stalks a- bout half a Yard or two Feet bigh, having fometimes fair large Leaves, like unto Whear, but larger, fet at the Joints, and bearing at their tops great, large, full, foft and woolly Heads, like the firft, but that they are much greater and longer, and this is, whe- ther the Stalk is higher or lower.
VI. The Places. The firft grows naturally in fe- veral places ahout Mompelier ; but we have it in
401 Il. The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant, and the very leaft of the White Water Lillies. Some would
have it to be one of the Kinds of Pomdweed, but it is no fuch thing, but of the Kind of Water Lil- hes, :
ff Ws WW) ZB
~S
ij) a
Frog= we bit:
Ill. The Defeription. Frog-bit bas a Root which % long and creeping, full of Foints, fending down from the faid Foints feveral long Fibres or Strings, and by the encreafing of thofe Foints, it multiplies it Self.” From the Yay of this Root, or Heads of thofe Strings, oe forth feveral fimall round Leaves, thick te of Juice, very like to the Leffler White Water Lilly, but much leffer, or the Leaves of Wall Pennywort : from among which rife other Stalks, bearing on each Head one {mall white Flower, confifting of three fimall and round pointed Leaves, with a certain yellow Thrum or Threads in
our Gardens only for Curiofity. The fecond Lobe/| the middle. This in all its parts more neatly Te-
found growing Wild in both England and Flanders. The third Lobe/ found in the Weft of England, be- tween Port/mouth and the Ile of Wighr.
VII. The Times. They flourifh with their Heads in Fune, Fuly and Auguft.
VIII. As to their Qualities, &c. this is faid by Authors, That no Medical Property or Virtue has been found in any of them ; but they are times ufed to be worn as an Ornament or Toy on Womens Hats, Hair, or Heads. ~
C HAP. CCCI’
‘of FROG-BIT, | OR, | Smalleft{ Water LILLY.
I. E Names. It is called in Greek, Nuueaia
BL wdygsn: in Latin, Morfus Rane, and Nym-
hea minima, and alba minima: in Englifh, Erog- on and Smalleft Water Lilly,
fembles the Lefer White Water Lilly than any Pond- weed, of which fome have made it a Species.
IV. The Places. Gerard fays it is found floating or fwimming almoft in every Ditch, Pond, Pool, or {tanding Water; in all the Ditches about St. George’s Fields, and in the Ditches by the Thames fide near Lambeth Marfh, and in ten thoufand other places of this Land.
V. The Times. It flourifhes and flowers the moft - of all the Year, but it commonly begins to
ower in May, and fo continues on for fome — ; and the Seed is ripening in the mean Sea-~ on.
VI. The Qualities. It is cold and moift in the ig Degree ; Aniodyne, Relaxive and Arthri- tick.
VIL The Specification. It is peculiar againft An- thonies-fire, Inflammations, and the Gout in a hot Conttitution of Body.
VIII. The Preparations. from, 1. A liguid Fuice. Ointment. 4. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
You may have there- 2. An Ejfence. 3. An
IX. The diquid Fuice.. It is very cooling, and a- ations. Bathed upon an Enyfipelas, Bre and
bates
402 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. J, ~dad Wet Cloths dipetin she ae it takes away the
Sharpnef§ and Heat thereof, and in a'little time | fo tharp in Tafte as thofe of Avon or Wake Robin
‘Cures it It is alfo good againft fharp Humors Lreuking out in the Head, and prevails againft Scab-. : mh Flower is af pnd she ‘Leaves withered and gone, whigh ill be in the Summer, then the Ber. red when they are ti
binefS, Scurf, Morphew, Pimples, Sun-burning, Fanning, YellownefS of the Skin, and other like which abide yptil the Frofts caufe them to wither,
deformities. and the green Leaves begin again to appear: fee ye 5 is ae
X. The Ejence. It has all the Virtues of the li- quid Juice ; ‘befides which, it may be given inward. _t¥ two or three Spoontfuls at a time in a GlafS of Wing-and Water againft any malign or burning Fe- Vek. | The Whey or Poffet-drink made by turning Milk with it, “has the fame Effet. This Effence bathed upon the Head, for an extream Head-ach, arifing froma hot Caufe, gives Relief, and con: tinting the Ufe thereof for fome time, effets the ure, | x le Rat ae XI. The Ointment. Being anointed upoh Part affli€ted with vehement Pain, am Me Gelen hot Caufe, it eafes it. It alfo allays mation In any Part of the 5) 3 and anointed upon the! Back-bone, it eafes the Pain, tho’ never fo extream. I have applied it to Parts epepamly ted. with the Gout, and it has given prefent eafe, and in a fhort time after abated the Tumor. XII. The Cataplafm. Applied to any fimple and ' recent Bruife, it difeuffes the Tumor, hinders the Afflux of Humors to the Part, and in a little time |
Ulcer, and bound to, alfo above th ef, it hin- ders thie Defloxich, ch nie and ae a meafure contributes to its eye | 0 gives prelgny Relief in the Foun, Ire!
CHAP. CCCHL
of FRIERS COWLE, OR, WAKE ROBIN Hooded.
LP HE Names. It is called inGreek, "Acicnes, 4 deisaes in Latin, Arifarum, Arifaris, and Aris : in Englifh, Eriers Cowle, Hooded Aron, or Hooded Cuckoepoint, or Wake Robiz.
Il. The Kinds. It is of the Family or Stock of the Arons, and is twofold, viz. 1. Arifarum Lati- folium, Broad-leav’'d Friers Cowle. 2. <Arifarum longifolium, vel anguftifolium, Long-leav’d or Nar- row-leav'd Eriers Cowle. Dalechampius upon Pliny calls the Latifolium, Calle alterum genus Plinii; but ‘Tragus thinks it to be rather the. Arum Diofcori- dis, which is indeed a Miltake.
IIL. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Broad- leav'd, has a Root which is fomewbat round and white, and is encreafed moftly by. Off-fets. It grows in all things hke unto the Axon, having diwers fair green Leaves, whofe middle Rib on the upper fide, as alfo fome other of the Veins, are fometimes white, and fomewhat thicker and rounder-pointed than thofe <a of Aron. The middle Stalk bearing the Flower} IV. The fecond, or Narrow-leawd, bas@ Kor (which is a crooked or bending Hofe at” the ro, whichis round and white, fmaller than the bowihe with a fimall crooked whitifh Peftle in the middle, | and encreafing by Off-fets, tho not in fo plentifi rifing out of it) is {potted with red Spots, and rifes | manner, Ibe Leaves of this Plant are Very!
aiiil OITTTTNNT LS LOMO NTT u i) TTD iy \ i lg Ss SY 11 a Sci
‘
anal very narrow, not rifing fo bigh as the former, but rather lying on the Ground..\t feldom bears a- ny Fruit or Hofe; but when it does, it is whitith, {mul and long, with’a very long and {mall reddifh Peitle in the middle, like unto a long Worm, {carce yifing above the Ground ; and the Berries which fol- low are white, and not red.
V. The Places. Thefe Plants are Natives of Ita- ly, and ate found efpecially in Tu/cany, about Rome, and in Dalmatia, as Anguillara fays: they alfo grow in Spain and Portugal : but in England they ate on- ly 2 up in Gardens, where they thrive very well. 4 VI. The Times. They both fhoot forth their reen Leaves in Autumn, prefently after the firft have pulled down the Staiks with the Fruit, and a- bide green all the Winter, withering in Summer, before which their Husks appear.
‘VIL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Dragons or Dragon-worts in Chap. 229. aforegoing, fo that we need fay no more thereof here.
CH A P® OCCIV. Of FUMITORY Common.
LP HE Names. Itis called in Greek, Karrie %
YGTVEOVs Fumulus, © xgrvirns, quali, Fumus, Va- por, Nidor , ftom whence the Latins called it, Fa- ‘maria and Fumus Terra: in Englifh, Fumitory and Fumiterry. The Arabians call it, Scheiteregi. This Herb being of a whitifh blew color, as Smoak is, it appears to thofé who behold it at a diftance, as if the Earth was all in a Fume or Smoak ; and from
hence (as it is fuppofed ) came the Name. Broad-leav’d Common Fumitory.
Il. The Kinds. There ave three prificipal kinds hereof, (if the laft. fort may be accounted a kind thereof’) viz. 1. Fumaria Anglica, Englifh Fumito- ry, of which in this Chapter. 2. Fumaria Indica, vel Virginiana, American or Virginian Fumitory, of which in the next Chapter. 3. Fumaria buibofa vel ries Radix cava, Hollow-root, of which in its
ace.
Ill. Of Our Englifh Fumitory, there are thefe fol- lowing Species, viz. 1. Fumaria vulgaris, Capnos vulgaris Lobelit, Fumaria purpurea, Common or Purple Fumitory. 2. F/maria tenuifolia, Fumaria mi- nor, The-fine-leav'd, or lefler Fumitory. 3. Fuma- ria latifolia alba, €F alba claviculata, Capnos Lobelii, Fumaria altera Dodonei, Capnos phragmites Gefner', Corydalis, €7 Corydalion aliorum, White broad-leav’d Fumitory, or Climbing Fumitory. 4. Fumaria /u- tea, & lutea Montana Lobelii, Fumaria Coridalis Matthioli, Fumaria Montana Gefneri © Tabernmon- tani, Corydalis Anguillare (7 Camerarit, Split vul- £0 Sep Split Ilyrica, & Herba Sclavonica ali« orum, Yellow or Mountain Fumitory.
ta —
\ aN
uw AB
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, os Common pur- ple’ Fumitory, bas a Root which is yellow, fmall, and not very long, full of Fuice while it is green, but
wickly perifbing after it bas grven ripe Seed. This lant is a tender fappy Herb, having Stalks which are fquare, flender and weak, with many. litre
Knots or Joints, from whence many Branches fpring .
forth, two or three Feet long, leaning downwards on all fides, fo that they fCarcely grow up from the Ground, without propping, but for the moft part grow fidelong. The Leaves grow from the Branch- es upon long Foot-ftalks, which are tender and brit: tle, and are finely cut or jagged, fomewhat like to thofe of Coriander, being of a whitifh, or rather blewifh’ Sea green color. At the tops of the Branches ftand many fimall Flowers, as it were, in a long Spike, one above another, as it were, in Clu- ftets, made like little Birds, of a reddifh purplifh color, with white Bellies: after which come {mall round Husks, containing finall blackifh Seed. Note, Ffrfa2 : That
| Common Purple Fumitory. Ca
——=-
Points : after which come finall Seed, contained in
Thatin the Corn-fields of Cornwall this bears white Fak ded Hinde ct Cod
ard fays, That it _ And Fobnfon upon Gerard fays, is fone dant Sg are : elie is alfo a Broader-lec of t Kind ee aitiecng from the former Defcription. See the Airft Figure in this Chapter.
V. The fecond, or Fine-leav’d Fumitory, bas a Roct {mall and white, but like the former , from whence [pring forth Stalks or Branches, not fo long as the rfl, but flanding more upright, being fender and fquare. The lower Leaves are very, like to thofe of the other Fumitory, and of the fame color, but fimaller ; but thofe which grow above upon the Stalk are finaller, and finer cut in; and the higher, the finer and fimaller, the higheft being as finall as Fennel, or Southernwood, or Camomil Leaves. The Flowers grow in the fame manner which the other do, but rather in greater plenty, or more together, of a deeper reddifh urate. mixed with white and yellow ; which being paffed away, Husks or Cods fucceed, containing the Seed, which is much like that of the Common or Purple kind.
VI. The third, or White Broad-leav’d, bas a Root which is fmall and long, white, and Srowing deep in- to the Ground, abiding all the Winter, and shooting forth new Branches (after the old are erifhed ) e- very Tear. From this Root rife up {mall flender Stalks, not {trong enough to fuftain themfelves, but
— ; > Vif ve RSS ; | es : 4 4 7 =~ COS GAS “~ NWSe . catching hold by certain Tendrels which it fends wif! LS aN od forth at the ends of the fmaller Branches of any LYST VNAS
thing which ftands nigh unto it, Shrubs or large ftrong Herbs , {preads it felf'o
of fmall Leaves, fer two or three, or more together not dented or divid : pointed at their ends, of a blewif ry like unto the Conimon Fumitory. l\kewife of the fimall Branches come {inall whitith Flowers, tipt w; but nothing like the former, m hollow Husks or Bell-Howers
whether Hedges, it climbs UP and St
Fumitory y yello ,
oe PVERE ST me
mitories, about a Foot and half high, with many Leaves, like unto the Common purple kind, or like to thofe of Fumaria bulbofa, or Radix cava, or Hol- /ow-root, but {maller, and of the fame blewifh green color with them. The Flowers are yellow, and in fome places white, and grow at the tops of the Branches, like the other, in form of little Birds, as Maithiolws fers them forth, both by his Defcription and Figure: but Lobe/ and Lugdunenjis fay they are Star-fathion, like unto the Chelidonium minus, or Pile-wort ; and yet both of them give Matthiolus his Figure, with the Flowers of Common Fumitory, like little Birds, and not Star-fafhion, like thofe of Bile-wort. After the Flowers are paft, fmall Horns come forth, or long Pods or Cods, like to the Che- lidonium majus or Radix cava, but leffer ; in which are contained fimall, whitifhr green Seed, fomewhat round and flattifh.
VIIL The Places. The firft grows as well in Corn-fields, almoft every where, as in Gardens alfo ; and that with white Flowers in the Corn-fields in Cornwall : it grows in Bar/ey-fields, and among o- ther Grain ; alfo in Vineyards, and other manured places. The fecond grows in many places in Spaiz, and about Mompelier, and other places of France. The third grows by Hedge-fides, and among Bufhes in feveral places of Brabant in the Low Countries, and about Frontignana and Mompelier in France ; it is found about Nap/es with a yellow Flower, as fome report: and Gerard fays thefe fecond and third kinds grow Wild in a Corn-field between Charleton and Greenwich ,; and very probably may be found in feveral other parts oF this Kingdom. The fourth grows in hilly and mountainous places in Italy, as on the Hills of Apulia and Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples, and in Iyria, and feveral other places: but with us it grows in Gardens.
1X. The Times. The firft three flower from the beginning of May, and continue flowering thro’ all the Surtimer Months ; and their Seed ripens in the medn Seafon. But the fourth or Ye//ow kind begins to flower much later, viz. not till Auguft, and its Seed ripens quickly after. This is alfo to be noted, That if you would gather Fumitory to dry or diftil, it ought to be done whilft it is in flowering, and alfo in the prime of that time.
X. The Qualities. ¥umitory is cold and dry in the firft Degree ; Aperitive, Abfterfive, Cofmetick and Diuretick ; Pe&toral, Hepatick, Splenetick and Nephritick , little Cathartick and Alexiphar- mick. a XI. The Specification. t is fingular againft all forts of Scabs, Itch, Wheals, Pimples, Puthes, Scurff, Morphew, Tettars, Ringworms, Herpes and other Deftedations of the Skin, arifing from falt and fharp Humors. It provokes Urine, helps the Strangury, and opens all Obftru€tions of the Vif-
cera.
XU. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Syrup. 4. A Decottion in Water or Wine. 5. A
ouder of the dried Herb. 6. A Collyrium. 7. A Cataplafm.. 8. A diftilled Water. 9. A Spirituous Tintlure. 10. An Acid Tinfure. 11. A Saline Tindlure. 12. A Pouder of the Seed.
The Virtues.
XII. The liquid Fuice. It o cleanfes and
ftrengthens, being taken four or five Spoonfuls at a time in the Morning fafting, mixt with a Glafs of White Port Wine. It purges a little downwards, but more efpecially if mixed with an Infufion of Sena in Wine. . It opens all Obftru€tions of the
Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reins and Womb ; _puri- fies the Blood from falt, cholerick or vifcous Hu- mors, which are the caufe of Pimples, Wheals, Pufhes, Tettars, Ringworms, Scurtf Morphew, Scabs, Itch, Leprofy, and the like Breakings out. After purging,. it leaving any evil Quality behind it. © XIV. The Effence. It has all the former
but more efficacious; and is accounted a moft fa om tr apis all the Difeafes arifing from the a- forefaid Humors, as alfo from aduft Choler and Melancholy, or from Obftruétions, which are the caufe of cholerick and putrid Fevers, the Jaundice, Strangury or Scoppage of Urine thro’ Gravel, Sand or vifcous Matter, all which it expels in abundance. Dofe five or fix Spoonfuls in White Wine or clari-
fied Whey. XV. The Syrup. Whether made of the Juice or green Herb, has all the Virtues of the Juice and Ef-
fence, but is weaker in Operation, and therefore.
ought to be given mixt with a fufficient quantity of Syrup of Damask Refes, or Syrup of Peach Blof- foms, or Tin&ture of Seva, &c. fo given, it not on- ly opens all Obftruétions, but is very effe€tual a- gainft the Jaundice, Dropfy and Gout; and is a: moft fingular thing againft Hypcehilisieck Melan- choly in any Perfon whatfoever,
XVI. The Decottion in Water or Wine. It has the Virtues of all the former Preparations, but is much weaker, and may be given in a Morning faft- ing to fix or eight Ounces. If the Stomach is cold and weak, the Decoftion ought to be made in Wine. It is an excellent thing againit the Strangury, whe- ther in Old_or Young, and effeCtually cleanfes the Reins and Urinary Parts. ;
XVII. The Pouder of the dried Herb. A Dram of it being mixed with half a Dram of the Pouder of Efula Root, and given in five or fix Spoonfuls of the Effence or Juice, caufes Vomiting and cleanfes the Stomach and Bowels, both upwards and down- wards, of cold, vifcous and tough Humors ; and effeCtually carries off watery Humors from all Parts of the Body ; and has been found very effe€tual a-
ainft the Dropfy, Scurvy, Jaundice, Gout and
heumatifm : but becaufe this Medicine ftirs up much Wind, it may be good to correft it with a few drops of Oil of Amife or Fennel Seed, or with the Pouder of the fame.
XVUI. The Collyrium. Take of the Fuice or Effence of Fumitory three Ounces, diftilled Water of Fumitory, Honey, of each one Ounce, mix them. \t is an excellent thing againft fore, inflamed, running and watery Eyes. A fore Mouth and Throat alfo being gargled therewith, it heals them. Dropt in- to the Eyes, it clears the Sight, and takes away the Rednef§ and other Defe€ts in them. If the Juice is mixed in equal parts with Juice of Sharp-pointed Docks and Wine Vinegar, and a contaminated Skin be wafhed therewith, it cures it of all forts of Scabs, Itch, Wheals, Pimples, Pufhes, Scurft, Morphew, €c. whether in the Face or Hands, or in any other Part of the Body.
XIX. The Cataplafm. It is an excellent thing being applied to fimple and recent Contufions, dif- cufling the Tumor, and hindering a farther Afflux of Humors to the Part: and being applied to any Defcedation of the Skin, it cleanfes it, removes it, and quickly cures the fame. Applied to the Gout in Hands or Feet, it eafes the Pain, and hinders the farther Afflux of Humors to the Part.
XX. The diftilled Water. \t has the Virtues of the Juice, &c. but very much weaker, and may be ufed as a Vebiculum, to convey any of the other Preparations in, down into the Body. Tvagus fays it conduces much againft the Plague, being pes
wit
engthens all the Vito not
406 Salmon’s
with good Venice Treacle, driving forth the Malig-| Stalk, which fpreads it felf out into feveral winged nity by Sweat. If the diftilled Water be thus good | Leaves, two fet together at a Joint, and varioufly in this Cafe, doubtlefS the Effence muft much | divided; and fo fmally, that they almoft refemble
tranfcend it.
XXL. The Spirituous Tiniure. Ic is good againft | Flowers have feveral colors in them, but fuppofed the Plague or Peftilence, as alfo againft all malign | of fome to be but white: and the whole Plant is and Peftilential Fevers, as Spotted Fever, Purples, | almoft without either Tafte or Smell.
Calenture, &¢. and is an excellent thing againft the Colick and Griping of the Guts, whether in Young
or Old. Dofe two or three Drams in Canary or o-
«ther fit Vehicle.
XXII. The Acid Tinélure. It is an excellent Antilcorbutick, good againft Vapors, Fits of the Mother, Hypochondriack Melancholy, and all thofe falt and fharp Humors which caufe fiery Eruptions in the Skin. Ic correéts Crudities, ftrengthens the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and a ftrong Di- geftion. It is to be given in all the Patient drinks,
' whether Ale, Beer or Wine, fo many drops at a
time as may give the Liquor a grateful or pleafant Acidity ; and fo to be continued for fome time. XXII. The Saline Tindure. It cures Scabs,
Itch, Pimples, Scurft, Morphew, Leprofy, and o-]
ther like Breakings out in the Skin, only by bathing or well wafhing the Parts affeCted therewith, as hot
as can be conveniently endured, and continuing the |
Lotion for fome confiderable time.
XXIV. The Pouder of the Seed. It is ftronger than the Pouder of the Herb, and is prevalent a- gainft the Dropfy, being given daily with about ten
or twelve Grains of Scammony in Pouder : but the}.
fimple Pouder of the Seed being given to a Dram
-at a time for a Month together, every Morni
fa{ting, and laft at Night going to Bed, (in any fit Vehicle) it is faid to cure fuck as are MSlancholy I believe, being given in an Infufion of Sena, it may do Wonders of that kind.
® HAP CCCV. Of FUMITORY American.
LP HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kamvis "ldxis + in Latin, Fumaria Indica, Fumaria Americana: in Englhfh, American Fumitory. Il. The Kinds. It is the fecond general wi ree of Fumitory, and contains the two following kinds, vis. 1. Fumaria filiquofa Americana, Fumaria fem- per virens Americana, {ndian or American Fumitory Codded.. 2. Fumaria tuberofa Americana, Indian or American tuberous Fumitory.
Il. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Codded In- dian, bas a Root which is thick and fibrous, from whence rifes up a Stalk to be about a Foot bigh or more: the Leaves are like the Common purple kind in the former Chapter, but larger, and enduring green all the Winter. The Flowers grow Spike- ialhion on to the top of the Stalk, formed like to thofe of the Radix cava or Hollow-root, whofe Bel- lies are Bluih, and Mouths of a Gold color or paler yellow ; which being paffed away, long Pods or Cods come forth, which are almoft round, and in which is contained the Seed, which is round, flat- tifh and yellowifh.
IV. ‘Ihe fecond, or Tuberous American, bas a Root which confifts of two folid round parts, like
Tefticles, with feveral {mall Fibres {pringing there-\1.-* HE Names. It is called.in Greek, Kepar
from, as well from their-tops as fides and bottoms.
From between thefe Tubers.or Tefticles rifes up a| Latin; Caput, pl. Capita Terra, Tu r, le
Focal. Lae
Funiper Leaves, of a blewifh green color... The
/
5
V. The Places. The firft in Virginia, and the back-parts thereof, called Canada ; Tice alfo in feveral parts of South Carolina. The fecond grows in America, in the Southern Provinces of Ca- rolima, in the up-land Country towards the Moun- j tains. . ‘
VI. The Times. They flower ftom May during f moft of the Summer Vides. and the Seed ripens f in the mean Seafon. ons
VIL The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and } Virtues, axe the fame with the Common Purple fe) mitory in the former Chapter, to which you: . but this is to be noted, That of thefe rican kinds, the firft is by much the more powerful ; and as the whole Plant of this firft American fort much bitterer than the firft or Common purple kind. in the former Chapter, or indeed than any of the other forts there defcribed, fo it is alfo by muchthe more efte&tual.
¢ *
3 *
f2
CHA P. CCCVL\ Jes
Of FUSS--BALLS,. > 5
OR, oe PUCK--FIST Si a mt ("SRR
xsdurad ais yelass ©, ops, Pls eysarre sinner
. Terra, Fungus Ovatus, Pesice Puinii, Lupi Crepi-| VII. The rn You may have there-
| tus: in Engh/fh, Fufs-balls, and Puck-fifts, and Fiff-|| ftom, 1. A Pouder, 2. Pledgets made of the Balls. balls, taken from the German Word, Fi/?, quod Cre- Oe wee se Jignificat. -
The Virtues.
I. The Kinds. This isa fingular Plant of the} > Sage OF L kind, and differs ftom the Earth-balls in Chap. 238.| IX. The Pouder. Being ftrewed thick and in = aforegoing very much ; for they have a folid Sub: good quantity upon any bleeding Wound, it ftops | ‘ftance or 3 whereas thefe are {tuffed with no-| the Blood prefenrly.: and being f{trewed upon any ; thing but Dult. ak . fold moift Sote or ruanitig Ulcer, it drieS up the | Humiditiés of the faid Sore or LUlcéf*;*'and being | ufed for fome time, it itops the Defluxibn. If any _ | of it fhould get into the Pyes, it would vehemently | moleft them, and poffibly endafger the m m6. the 7 Blind: it cures dlfo Gallings and Kibed ‘| Heels. pe cee ra .. X. Pledgets made of the BUl& Ir a 10 be tyed ‘| round with Thréad, and then nelle hard together in a Scretw-Prefs, letting it lye there for fome few . —- _This, when it comes fo be impofed upon a ound, it again dilates it felf;, and puts a {top to | the Hembitha ze or Flux of Blood. Than this, there is fare any thing to be named which can | more powerfully and certainly do it ; for it being “S | of a Nature é€xtreamly dry dnd drying, as it will no | = | way admit of the fowing forth of thé Blood, e } (which thofe Médicarents do which are naturally moift, and therefore are lefS ufeful in ftanching of | Blood) fo it will likewife fubfift and ftick faft in {the Veffels. Applied alfo to moift axd running | Sores, and to Ulcers with an Afflux of Humors, it dries up the Humidity, and ina fhort time puts a {top to the Fluxion. oat Ci ERR / CH AP. CCCVIL Of GARLIC K Garden. LP" HE Names. It is called by the Arabians, TH. The Defcription. They are round Balls Chaum, and Cairix : in Greek, =xoesdy: in growing in the Ground, without any Appearance of \Latin Allium , and in Englifh Garlick. Root or Stem, and are of feveral fizes, fome of the| I. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds of this Bignefs g @ Ball or Balloon, fome as biz as a large \Plant, viz. Allium Hortenfe, Garden Garlick, of Cannon Shot, or a young Child's Head, more or lefs | which in this Chapter. 2. Allium Anguinum, feu they feem to be very round, fmooth and whitifh at | Viperimum, Vipers Garlick, of which in Chap. 308. their firft rifing, but grow in time to be of a dusky | 3- 5 a enn Turkey, Mountain or Leek color, cracking in feveral places on the outfide. | Garlick, of which in Chap. 309. 4. Allium Sylve- Thefe, while they ‘are young and white, Children | /?re, Wild or Crow Garlick, of which in Chup. 210. and School-boys, commonly in Sport, fling one'at |5. AMo/y, Onion Garlick. 6. Al/ium Latifolium Ur- another ; but when they come to their full Bignef§ | /izum; & Anguinum, Ramfons, or Bears and Snakes and RipenefS, they contain within their Skin no- | Garlick ; of which two laft in their proper pla- . thing but a fine, foft, brown, Duft or Poudet;}ces. * which, upon breaking of the Ball, is apt to fly all} IM: Of the Garden fort. There are two Species,
about. viz. Allium Hortenfe commune, Common Garden Garlick: 2. Allium Hortenfe minus, The lelffer
Garden Garlick.
IV. The Defcriptions. The firf?, Greater or Common Garden kind, has a bulbous Root, which rs covered with very thin Skins or Films, of a White and Purplifh color, and confifts of many Cloves, fe-
arated one from another, under which in the ground elow, grows a Taffel of Thready Fibres , thefe Cloves are of. a very ftrong Smell and Tafle, very much ex- ceeding. Onions or Leeks, and ferve to fet again for a neo encreafe. From this Root {pring up long teen Leaves, almoft like unto Onions, bur much Fitper or broader, not hollow at all, as thole of O- “The Speci ptt Ay aig poe oe but esd ~ oi of ease i= r ecification. Tt es , dries | thefe Leaves rifes up a Stalk, at the end of the fe- xio1 Se encidties oF running Ulcers. }-cond or third Year, about three Feet high, on ie iene Y 3 > op
PT Par
{. i F
; > 400 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1. top of which does grow, a Tutt of purplifh Flow- @s, not much unlike thofe of Onions or Leeks, co- Vered with a white Skin, in which being broken, when it is Ripe, there is found round, black Seed, like to that of Leeks.
The Vertues.
XI. The Liquid Fuice. Being fnuft up the No fttils, it is an excellent Embien and , ead Head and Brain admirably ; freeing it trom cold. raw, Panay and vifcous Humors ; is good agai the Lethargy, and eafes all pais of the Hedd pro. ceeding from a cold and moilt Caufe, A §p. or two, being taken inwardly in a Cais of White Port Wine, it kills Worms in the Bodies o; Man, Woman or Child, Dropt into the Ears, it eafes = Pains, and ripens and breaks Apoftemations erein. ake XII. The Effence. It has all the Vitwes of the Liquid Juice, befides which, iyprovobeeliies oat the Terms in Women; and being giventotwoor *
fon, and expelling it by Sweating, fr expel grofs, raw, to ood tio Bee ig f the Stomach, Lungs, els and other Vifoeras
ficulty of breathing, caufing an expegtoration of th Moric Mae Hed the Mouth, it isgood. againit the Too and dropt into the Ears, helps againft Deafnefs, and difficulty of nes It is good againft the P or Peftilence, Spotte: and all other Malign or Peftilential Difeafes ; F
V. The fecond, or \effer Garden kind, ia its Root, | and as to its Cloves and its Stalk, Leaves, and manner | cilitates the delivery of Women in Child-birth , of growing, it much refembles the former greater forces away the Dead Child, and drives forth the hind ; But the Cloves of the Roots are fmaller and } After-birth. redder ; and the Flower is of a more dark or dusky] XIII. The Infusion or Decoltion, in Wine, Water, Color than the firft above defcribed. Broth or Milk. Xt has all the former Virtuesboth
of Juice and Effence, but lefS efficacious or pow-
VI. The Places. They both grow in Gardens with | erful, and therefore ought to be given to five, fix, us in England: But the lefler has been found to}or eight Ounces at a time, and that two or three grow Wild in fome places of France and Germa-} times a day, according as you fee the occafion may
ny. ure. IL. The Times. They are feldom fown of Seed, XIV. The Oil by Coition. It is healing andcom- but the Cloves are planted in November and Decem- | forting, and therefore may be appliedtoallcoldand her, and fometimes in February and March. They | moift affeftions of any part, fa Aches, Lame- Flower in the Summer Months, as Fune and Fuly ;| nefS, Numbnefs, befides which, it corroborates of and the Seed is ripe in Awguf?, or fome fhort time] ftrengthens the Tone of the part, making it ableto atter the Howering. refift any Fluxion of humors: »Anointed on the VILL. The Qualities. Ic is hot and dry in the} Head in a Megrim or Cephaleea, froma cold Cau, fourth Degree: Aperitive, Abfterfive, Attraétive, | it gives much relief: Carminative, Digeftive, Difcuflive, Anodyn, and V. The Ointment. It has all the Virtues of the Suppurative. It is Stomatick, Pe€toral, Nephri-| former Oil, and being mixed with Sudphur and Ro tick and Arthritick: Ptarmick, Emmenagogick,|/i in fine Poder, and applied to putrid and cor- Sudorifick, and Alexipharmick. rupt Ulcers which breed Worms, it kills them, it IX. Lhe Specification. It is good againft Plague, } diffolves ftrumous Swellings, draws forth theevh Poyfon, and biting of all forts of venemous Crea-} humors in Fiftula’s, and caufeés them to heal ; and tures ; it Cures Coughs, Afthma’s, Strangury, Drop- | anointed upon Loufie Heads, it kills Lice and Nits; fie, and Gout, and powerfully provokes the Terms | and if affetted with a Scab or Scald, it dries the in Women. moift Humors, and in a little time heals it: 05 X. The Preparations. You may prepare there-|alfo good againft Scurff, Dandriff, and ei from, 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. An|the Hair; eafes Pains from a cold Caule, Infufion or Decottion. 4. An Oil by Cottion or Infola- tion. 5. An Ointment. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A diftil- led Water. 8. An Acid Tintture. 9. A faline Iin- ffure. 10. An Oily Tindure. 11, A Spirit. 12. An Euixir.
+ 4
os
oF,
a
+e
es Ae eee
.
does fo powerfully by reafon of its Vehement at- tractive force, that it perfe€tly frees the Patient from all manner of Danger. Bur this will be the more effectually done, if at the fame time, the Patient being laid in his Bed takes alfo a large Dofé of the Juice or Effence, and fo Sweats upon it. Laid up- on a Gout or Sciatica, from what Caufe foever, and often renewed, as occafion requires, it draws forth the whole Morbifick Caufe and Effence of the Difeafe ; in which Diftempers it performs more than moft other Vegetables, reputed the moft effica- cious ; it not enly eafes the Pain at prefent, bur if it has made any fteps to the Stomach, or has indeed affefted it, it recalls back the Humor, and draws it forth thro’ the Pores of the Skin. Ropves to any
lace in which there is any Prick, Splinter, Thorn, Bullet, Shot, bits of broken Bones, it powerfully loofens them, attra€ts and draws them forth. Being applied to any Plague Sore, Bubo, Phlegmon, or other Tumor which is poflible to come to Suppura- tion, it adds Heat,bringing on the Maturation,to Ad- miration ; and after it is broken, being yet applied, it draws forth all the Malignity and Poifon of the Plague in a Peftilential Bubo, and in other A ftems, the putrid and other offending Matter which repleats them. ;
XVIL. The diftilled Water. thas the Virtues of the Juice, Effence and Decoftion, but in a much inferior degree, and therefore may be ufed as a Ve- biculum to convey thofe Medicines in, to fuch Per- fons, and in fuch Conftitutions where Wine would be roo hot. But as this Water is drawn off froma very hot,fubtil and fpirituous Root,full of a volatile Salt, fo it contains more of Life, Flame and Spirit Ee than is in moft other fimple and cold diftilled
aters.
XVII. The Acid Tinffure. This is more pow-
Wind, eafés Griping, heals Excoriations of thé Guts, and very much facilitates the Delivery of Women in Labor, forcing away both Birth and After-birth. Dofe from two Drams to four in any fit Vehicle.
XXII. -The Elixir. It has all the Virtues of the Spirit, but more fubtil and powerful to all the fame Intentions ; and may be given twice a day, viz. Morning and Night, or thrice a day, according as the Cafe may require. Dofe half an Ounce, more or lefs, in any proper Vehicle. Tr is faid to be a Specifick againft Jaundice and ary ;_ as alfoa- gainft an inveterate Wheezing and Hoarfnefs.
CHA P. CCCVIIL Of GARLICK Vipers.
LS HE Names. It is called in Greek, Ostend.
eshor, % Ovecoxdesdv : in Latin, Ophiofcorodum, Allium Anguinum, Allium Viperinum : in Englifh, Vipers Garlick.
Il. The Kinds. It is the fecond Species of Gar- lick, and is a fingular Plant of the kind ; called b fome Authors, Scorodopraffum convoluto ie Lee! Garlick, with a bulbed and twining Head.
IIL. The Defcription. Ir bas a great and white Root ,. confifting of many Cloves, much Iike_to Garden Garlick, which jmell lefs flrong than Gar- lick, or partaking fomewhat.of Leeks, whence came the latter Name of Scorodopraffum, as Diofcorides
erfully againft the Plague and all peftilential and|/ays. From this Root fprings up a Stalk, three or
contagious Diftempers than any of the former inter- nal Preparations ; for this deftroys the Effence of the Poifon and Malignity in its Root ; and is of great Force and Efficacy againft the Bitings of Ser-
nts, mad Dogs, and other venomous Creatures.
ofe fixty Drops at a time, two or three times a day, in any proper Vehicle.
¢ Oily Tintiure. Anointed upon an
Part full of Aches or Pains from a cold and moift Caufe, it gives prefent cafe: it is alfo good againft the Wounds or Punétures of the Nerves and Ten- dons, for it prefently eafes the Pain, prevents Con- vulfions, and induces a fpeedy Cure. Anointed down the Back-bone, and upon the Parts affeéted with goer” Numbednefs, Palfies and Convul- fions, it fudde: uy gives Relief, and in a fhort time after a perfe&t Cure, if the Medicine is well rubbed into the Parts afflifted for almoft half an hour,twice aday, and is continued in like manner for fome con- fiderable time, provided the Inveteracy of the Di- feafe, Weaknefs, and great Age of the Patient hin- ders not.
XX. The Saline Tinffure. It is good againft Worms in the Skin, Lentils, Freckles, Pimples, and other Breakings out: it kills Lice and Nits in the Head and Hair; and is fingular againft Tettars, Ringworms, Herpes, ScabbinefS, Scurff, Morphew, Black and Blewnef&S of the Skin left after Contufi- ons, the Leprofy, running Ulcers of the Head, com- monly called a Scald Head, and all other Manginefs
whatfoever, the Parts aftetted being well bathed
therewith twice a day.
XXL. The Spirit. It is very fubtil and full of volatile Particles ; of extraordinary Ufe againft fainting and fwooning hom Fits, Vapors, Ob- {truftions of the Lungs, Coughs, Colds, Surfeitings,
Colicks and Convulions of the Bowels : it expels
four Feet high, and fometimes higher, according as the Soil is in GoodnefS : it has alfo many Leaves, larger much than thofe of Common Garden Garlick, and almoft like thofe of Leeks, which grow from the bottom of the Stalk to the middle thereof, having a Smell between that of Leeks and that of Garlick. The reft of the Stalk is naked, green, fmooth and almoft fhining, having at the top thereof a large Head, compofed of many Bulbs, (not much unlike to the Indian Moly ) covered with a whitifh thin Skin, ending in a long green Point, which grows a- bove it, growing finaller and fimaller to the end: which Skin, by the Growth of the Bulbs, being broken, they fhew themfelves at the firft ofa pur- plifh color, but afterwards, as they grow riper, of a whitifh color; among which ate alifo fome Flow- ers. The Head, with the top of the Stalk, at the firft, does wind or twine it felf fo, that in fome fort it reprefents a Viper, Snake or Serpent ; which, when the Bulbs grow to RipenefS, does by little and little untwine it felf again, and bears its Head upright.
IV. The Places. It grows with us only in Gar- dens, and is the A/ium Satrvum vel Hortenfe Dic/- coridés, and the oe Secundum Clufti : it is more ready to part into Cloves than the Common Garden Garlick ; and by planting the fame, it is encreafed.
V. The Times. It flowersin Fume and Fuly, and the Seed ripens not long after.
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Common .
Garlick.
Gge CHAP.
ee al) ee
41 oO | Salmons Herbal.
CHAP. CCCIX.
Of GARLICK Leck, OR,
Turkey or Mountain GAR LICK.
LT° HE Names. It js called in Greek, Sxoess- megs : in Latin, Scorodoprafum , and in Garhek, and Moxn-
Enghifh, Leek Garlick, Turkey tain Garlick.
Il. The Kinds. There are three forts hereof, viz. | /¢ 1. Scorodoprafum majus, Greatet Leek Garlick, or 25 eg age magnum, feu
Leck 3. Scorodoprafum mi- eek-leav’d Garlick 5 but this is
Turkey Garlick. primum Clafit, vekalterum Garlick, or Turkey Garlick. nus, The teller L
called by Parkinfon, Great Turkey Gaslick.
Greater Leeh-Garlich, |
ela, The Great L
be
TT
‘| of Garlick in Chap. 307.
= Se
ae
Lib. L 1)
IV. The fecond, or Great Leek Garlick, has agrear white bulbous Root, and almoft tran{parent, at Jhining, feldom giving Off-fets for Encreafe. From this Root thoor forth feveral great lo Leaves, g much bigger than the Common Garlick, and after ‘ veral Years abiding, there {prings up a great long Stalk, three or four Feet high, with fome leffer Leaves thereon, and is naked from the middle up to. the top, where it bears a large Tuft of | enclofed at firft in a thin Skin, and of a paler color than thofe of Homer’s Moly, or rather whitith: which being paffed away, three-{quare Husks, with blackifh Seed, like the other, fucceed. — =
V. The third, or Leffer Leek Garlick, bas 2 Roop which is fet about with longer and flenderer Bulbs, which are énclofed im brownifh Skins, loofer and more fealy. The Leaves and Flowers are alike, yet {mal- ler than Garlick : and the whole Plant is leffer in all the parts than the former.
and grow about Comftantinople ; but with us
tow’ and ate } in Gardens only. br Vil. The Times. They flower in and Ful,
and perfe€t their Seed not long or in Aw
guft. VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of thefe Phares, are the fame with thot
aforegoing ; : much lefs efficacious than Garlick, as being ina middle degree between Garlick and Leeks, and fo’ partake of both their Tempers and Qualities : they attenuate and incide grofs and oe and o- ther viftous Humors, and there e eafy Ex- pettoration.
C H A P. CCCX.
of GARLICK Crows OR, | Wild GARLICK |
r HE Names. It is called in Greek, ute
aeror, x; oxdesdey dyeov : in Latin, Allium fyl-
oft Allium fyloefire tenurfolium : in Enghh, ild Garlick, and Crows Garlick.
If. ‘The Kinds. It is the fourth Species of Gar-
dick afore-mentioned in Chap. 207. Self. 2. Parkin-
Son makes two feveral kinds hereof, vis. 1. Allium
Jylveftre durifolium, Hard-leav’d Crow Garlick. 2. III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater Leek | Alum fylveftre levifolium, Soft-leav'd Crow Gat- Garlick, bas a bulbous Root, of the Bignefs of a| lick. great Onion; from whence rife long and broad ae Leaves, like thofe of Lecks, but much greater and| M11. The Deferiptions. The firft, or Hard-leav'd, longer, embracing or clafping about a great thick| bas 2 Root with a fmall Bulb or round Head, me Stalk, foft and full of Fuice, bigger than a Man’s| withal, and covered with rhree feveral Coats or Peel- ei Finger, and bare towards the pe upon which as fet| ings, “being white on the outfide, not bigger than 4 ¥ a great Head, larger than a Tennife-Ball, covered| fmall Halle-Nut, without any Cloves at alt, ie with a Skin, after the manner of an Onion. This| at the bottom thereof’ a Knot of Fibres or Si vt:
Skin, when it comes to Perfettion, breaks and dif- covers a great multitude of Flowers, which are whi- tifh: they being paft, black Seeds follow, inclofed in a triangular Husk. The whole Plant fmells very ftrong, like unto Gar/ick, and is in fhew a Lech, upon which it was called Scorodoprafum, Garlick Leek, or Leek Garlick, participating both of the Garlick and Leek, ox rather a degenerate Garlick, erown out of Form.
From this Root {pring up fall, hard, ie eg ee almoft like unto Rujhes, fmooth, and h i in ; among which grows up a naked Stalk, fo folid, hard and flippery or fmooth, bearing on top thereof a Tuft of purplifh Flowers, which be- ing gone, finall blackifh Seed follows, made pina round Clufter, like finall Kernels, having the Smet 3 and Tafte of Garlick. er. IV. The fecond, or Soft-leav’d, has a long roi
} iy’ ma \,
e \ se
/
- — ———
ad
rd
se ee Be -
Chap. 311. Enghifbh Herbs. Ail major Concava, Great Concave or Hollow Gentian, or Englifh Gentian. There are three other Species f of Great Gentians, as, Fore albo, White-flowered , the Garden Garlick 4. The Plant is of fuch a {trong | Flore pallido punttato, Pale yellow-{ported ; Hore Garlick Smell, that the Milk of Cows which feed
thereof’ will tafte of it From this Root {pring up feveral narrow Leaves, and long, like Grafs, fofter than the former, and nothing near fo ftiff; ‘and a- mong thefe Leaves rife up one or two flender bare Stalks, not fo hard and fti as the firft, but bearing
at their tops, like Tufts of pur lith Flow q blackith Seed, Purp wers, an
in Root, Stalk, Leaf, Magnitude or Manner ot Growing from the firft Purple kindy but only in the Color of the Flowers ; but by reafon they are not fo ufually found in our Gardens as the other kinds, we fhall fay no more of them in this place.
Greater Purple Gentian, AND Greater Yellow Gentian.
Way-fide, in thofe Fields or Paftures edi leading to the Boarded-River, or Hornfey-
VOOd. VI. The Times. They {pring yp in Apris and My ; aoe in Fune and Fuly, aa theit Seed is
ing bruifed and infafed in White Lisbon or Port Wine, and being drank, it provokes Urine power-
and Bread, or flew Cheefe, juft as we eat young Onions in the Sprin g-
C HA P. CCCXL
IV. The Defcriptions. The Sirft, or Great pur- ple Gentian, # very like to the next Great yellow Gentian in moft things, having a &reat, thick, brown- ih yellow Root, divided into two or three great Branches, with great Fibres adjoining to them, but 4 little more hard and woody, of a very bitter Tafie, Like the other Gentians, which Sends forth at the fe-
veral Heads thereof many fair, broad, three-ribbed,
Tt E Names. This Plant is called in Ara-| dark, green, fhining Leaves, fo like unto the follow. bick, Gentiana feu Genthiana: in Greek,
{ 2 ing, that it ee ape hard to diftinguifh them : Termarh : in Latin, Gentiana , and in Englifh, Bald- many of thefe Heads among the Leayes {hoor forth
thick and ftrong Stalks, three or four Feet high, with feveral Joints on them, and two Leaves at them, one againft another : towards the tops where- of come forth the Flowers, encom affing the Stalks at two or three of the uppermoft fas with two Leaves apiece under them, like as in the following, which are not laid open Star-fathion, like the %7. 4ow, but keep clofe and hollow, the brims being only divided into fix or more round parts, of'a pur- ple color, but paler at the bottom, where they are {potted with ae Spots on the infide, having fo ~ many yellowifh Threads in the middle as the Flow- er has corners, ftanding about a lon » Breen, forked Head, which growing ripe, is the eed-Veffel, and contains therein fuch like flat brownifh Seed as in the Yellow kind, but fomewhat lef,
Ggg2 V. The
Of GENTIAN Great, OR, Great FELWORT.
-_ 4be Kinds. There are two enerick Species of this Plant, viz. 1. Tear) baad Giarisas tae.
the next Chapter.
TL The Kinds of the Greater. It is, t. Gen- 414na@ major flore Parpureo, Great purple Gentian. 2. Gentiana major flore flavd, Great Gentian with a yellow Flower. 3. Gentiana major folio Afclepi- adis, Great Swallow-wort Gentian. 4. Gentiana
c@ruleo, Blew-flowered ; .ali which differ nothing
oe .*
qi2 Salmons Herbal. Lib.
or Horns at the top, and contain within them flat greyith Seed, like unto the former, but leffer.
VII. The fourth, or Great Concave Gentian, or Engl Gentian, has many long tough Roots, difpei fed hither and thither under the upper Cruft of the Earth, with fome few Fibres adjoining thereto: from which {pring immediately a fat thick Stalk, joimted or kneed by certain Diftances, fet at every pe of | Foint with one Leaf, and fometimes more, keepi xno certain number: which Leaves do at the firlt en- clofe the Stalk round about, being one whole and — entire Leaf, without any Incifure at‘all, as it were a hollow Trunk ; which, after it is come to its full Growth, breaks on one fide or other, where it is thinneft, tendereft and weakeft, and becomes a flat ribbed Leaf, like unto the Great yellow Gentian or
Jantane aforegoing. ‘The Flowers come forth from the Bofoms of the upper Leaves, fet upon tender and, Foot-ftalks, in fhape like thofe of the Small Bind- laid open like Stars, rifing out of {mall greenifh | weed, or rather the Flowers of Soapwort, of a whi-
i e Threz tifh color, and goucht about the brims with a litte light Carnation ; which being paft away, the Seed for the Ont follows, contained in little Cods or Seed-Veflels. the Plant. ae j in round Heads; fomewhat like unto the Seed of VII... The Places. The firft grow on moun- the Fritillary or Chequered Diffodil, but browner. ith us, are only
. ? nurft up in Gardens , of which the fecond or Ye//ow-
‘fing one another, which, after opening gee ies broad,
ving no Smell
barrow, a {mall Village in Northamptonfhire. — s awe All Fated big moft part in June, and in part of 7a , bringing forth their Seedin Auguit, The pay si out of the Ground in Apri/, flowers in the end ot Fuly and beginning of Awguf?, and perfects its Seed in the end of that Month, or beginning of Septem-
ere .
X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, ate the fame with thofe of the Small Gen- tians in the next Chapter, and thither we refer you.
—]V——$S—S—— —————— aaa
C HA P. CCCXIL
of GENTEAN Small, O R, Small FEL WORT-
I. HE Names. It is called in Gree Temari wned in Latin, Gentiana minor, five Sen- tianella , and in Baglifh, Smatl ox Leffer Gentian, or the Leffer Fe/wort. : wahiiies I. The Kinds. ‘There are three genesick Kinds hereof, viz. 1. Geatiana minor, fel Gentianelle vernalis, The Spring Gentian. 2. € entiana minor, cu Gentianella aftrva, Small Summer Gentian. 3; Gentiana minor, feu
VL. The third, or Great Swallow-wort Gentian, bas Roots, but they are nothing fo large as the for- mer, but are yellow, fmell and long, of the Bignefs of a Man’s Thumb: from this Root Spring forth ma- ny Stalks, about two Feet high , on which grow many fair, pale, green Leaves, fet by couples, with three Ribs ia every one of them, resembling fomewhat the Leaves of Aiclepias or Swallow-wort, which is broad at bottom and fharp at the point. The Flowers grow at the feveral Joints of the Stalks from the middle upwards, two or three together, which are long and hcllow, like unto a Be//-fower, ending in five | 3 Corners, or pointed Leaves, and folded before they
are open, as the Flowers, of the Bindweeds are, of a fair blew color, fometimes deeper, and fometimes paler. The Heads or Seed-V have two Points
Mine. Bafinefs to declare in this Vi fore we fhall onk difcourfe of fo
ng C ~ 1 art vu ey hi,
}
a
Chip.3i2. Egil Hark. —
the Spring. 3. Geztianelle minor Verna, The fmal- | therein, as conf{picuous as in the former Gentians 5
ler Spring Gentian. Of the Summer Kind we have thefe, viz. 4. Gentiana minor Cruciata, alfo Cru- ciata, CrofSwort, alfo the leffer Crofswort Gentian. 5- Gentiana minor, feu Gentianella caerulea punttata Pennei, Pennys blew {potted Gentian. 6. Gentiana Anglica pallida puntlis diftinta, An Englifh Gentian, which we here place among the fmaller Geztians , tho’ C/ufius has enumerated it among the Greater Gentians, but according to its magnitude, it cannot be faid to be either a Great or a Small Gentian, but
among which rifes up a {mall fhort Stalk, with fome .
finaller Leaves thereon, at the top whereof ftands one fair, large, hollow Flower, made Bell fafhion, with wide open Brims, and ending in five Corners or Divifions, of the moft excellent deep blew color
that can be feen in any Flower, with fome white.
{pots in the bottom on the infide; after the Flower
is paft, long and round Pods or Codsdoa > ur. which are contained finall blackifh Seed; the whole .
Plant is bitter, but nor fo ftrong by much as the for-
a medium be.ween them both, as is that alfo of Pe-| mer.
na, but being both Swmmer Gentians, we thought gocd to put them both im this Claffis. Of the Az- iumn Kinds we have thefe, viz. 7. Paeumonanthe, Gentiana Autumnalis, Calathian Violet, or Autumn Gentian. 8. Gentianella Autumnalis Centauree mi- noris folijs, Gentianella fugax minor Gerardi, Au- tumn Gentian with Small! Centory Leaves, Baftard or Dwart Autumn Gentian of Gerard. 9. Gentiana Sugax Clufij, Gentiana decima Clefij, Small Autumn Gentian, fimply fo called. ,
IV. The Defcriptions. The frft, or Broad Leav’d Gentian of the Spring, has a fmall yellowish creeping Fibrous Root , from which bring up Leaves pretty large and green, broader than thofe of the Third Kind
following , being about two Inches long, and onc
Inch broad, and fomewhat round pointed, with three}
Veins or Ribs running through them, as the others have; the Stalk rifing trom the middle of thefé Leaves grows about four Inches high, or fomething better, with a {mall Leaf or two thereon, bearing at the head or top thereof a large H fuftained by two {mall and long Leaves, from the middle of which fhoots forth a very large apd great hollow blew Flower, ending in five {mall points. ~
V. The fecond, or Narrow Leav’d Spring Gentian, bas a Root which is long and flender, /preading it felf much under the Ground, and of a yellowifh color, from which {pring many Heads of feveral fmall, long, and narrow Leaves fe together, fomewhat longer than the
next which follows , trom fome of thefe Heads, which | .
Flower not in one and the fame Year, thofe Flower- ing the Year following which Flowered not the Year betore, and thofe which Flowered the Year before not Flowering again the next Year after) rifes up a fall flender Stalk, fomewhat higher than the for- mer, bearing thereon two fuch like fmall Leaves at a Joint, and at the top one Flower, for the moft part, (feldom more, unlefS the Stalk is branched) much fimaller than the laft, narrow, long, and hol- low, like a Hofe or Husk, of one entire Leaf at the lower part, but ending above in five Corners, or fimall pointed Leaves, laid open like a Star, having {mall pieces of Leaves, like, as it were, Ears, fet at the bottom of the divifions of them, both of them of a perfect blew color, but not fo deep as the for- mer, having a white Line in the middle of each of them , and the Ground, or bottom of the Flower, whitifh alfo, witha few threads ftanding about a fmall head, not to be feen until the Flower be almoft or fully paft, unlefS one open it, which, after it is tipe, or full blown, is fimall and long, containing fmall brownifh Seed.
I. The third, or Smaller Spring Gentian, has a Root conjifting of ‘mall, long, pale, yellow Strings , which fhoot forth here and there divers beads of Leaves, and thereby increafes reafonably well, if it grows in a fit place, or is nurft up in good Ground, (otherwife it will feud grow with all the Care and Diligence imaginable. )From this Root {pring feveral fmall hard green Leaves, lying upon the Ground, as it were in Heads or Tufts, fomewhat broad below,
and pointed at the end, with five Veins or Ribs
Crofswort Gentian.
Str a AN PES
VII. The fourth, or Crofswort Gentian, bas Roots which are {mall and whitifh, difperfing themfelves many ways in the Ground, of as bitter a tafte almojt as the reft. From this Root rifés up many Branches, which lye upon the Earth, {Carcely lifting themfelves upright, and are full of Joints, at which grow ufu- ally two Leaves, one oppofite unto another, in man- ner of a Crof$, from whence it took its Name, in fhape very like unto Saponaria, or Soapwort , but fhorter, and of a darker green color; at the tops of the Stalks ftand many Flowers thick thrufted toge- ther, almoft like Sweet Williams , and likewife at the next Joint underneath, every one of them ftand- ing in a dark green Husk, and confifting of five {mall Leaves, the points or ends of which only appear a- bove the Husks in which they ftand, and are hardly to be feen, but that they are ofa fine pale blew color, and that many grow together; the Seed is finall and brown, hard, and fomewhar like unto the Seed of the Marian Violet, or Coventry Bells.
VIII. The fifth, or Pennys blew {potted Gentian, has a Root which is fmall and yellow, with many kibres adjoining to it, from which {prings up a jointed Stalk about half a yard high, fomewbat reddifh towards the bottom next to the Root, with two Leaves, like to the Great Gentian, fet at each Foint, but much fialler, and with more Veins or Ribs therein than it, Pi anding each upon a reddifh Footflalk, greater below than thofe above, where they doin a manner encompafs the Stalk. From the middle of the Stalk upwards come forth the Flowers at the Joints, with the Leaves,
. on
sow Ree res Sina *
413
gel inde iS in ba
%
Lib. F) L one of them a reafonable large Flower, whic is
hollow, and larger than any other of the Autumng.
/es, and is in moft of a very deep blewith color, but in fome a little paler, and outings . points or corners.
Small Autumn Gentian; Calathian Violet,
: on both fides of the Stalk, three for the moft part ftanding together, except the uppermoft of all, where they ftand five together, each of them with a fhort Footftalk under them, confifting of five fmall fharp pointed Leaves, fpread like a Star, of a pale blew color, finely fpotted, with many {mall black {pecks on the infide, having a fimall umbone in the middle, and five {mall Threads tipt with yellow ftanding about it; the Seed, which follows the Flowers, is fmall, and enclofed in fuch Heads or
Husks as the Gentians ufually have.
Englifh Gentian Small.
IX. The fixth, or Englith Gentian, has, according to Clufius, a fmall Root, replenifhed with a few H- bres or Strings, of a yellowifh color, from which rifes up a round Stiff Stalk, or Stalks, firm and folid, Somewhat reddijh at bottom, and jointed or kneed Jomevwbat like unio Crofswort Gentian, the Leaves are broad, fmooth, and full of Ribs or Sinews, fet about the Stalk by couples, one oppofite againft a- nother; the Flowers grow upon fimall flender Stalks, compofed of five flender blewith Leaves, very cu- rioully {potted, with many black Spots and {fimall little Lines, having in the midft five fimall Chives, which pafling away, give Seed fimall like Sand.
X. The feventh, or Autumn Gentian, called the Calathian Violet, bas a Root which is fmall, long , and manifold, running down for the moft part deep- er into the Ground than moft of the former, which Gerard fuys perifbes after it has perfetted its Seed, Springing up again from the falling of its Seed, which is a miftake, and is rettifed by Parkinfon, for the
Reot is truly a firingy, and fomewbat creeping, (tho’ decp in the Earth) and living Root, abiding after Seed time, and not perifbing as the reft; it rifes up fometimes with more and fometimes with fewer Stalks , fometimes they alfo rife higher, as to be -two Feet high, and fometimes not above a Foot high, according to the Fertility of the Soil, ofa brownifh green color, having many long and narrow dark green Leaves, fet by couples on them up to the cops, which feldom branch forth, but bear every
Or Autumn Bell Flower. \ ae Ln, ot
ae
.
Tey
i) XI. The eighth, or Autumn Gentian with fall Centory Leaves, bas a Root which is fmall, firiking down into the Ground, with feveral Fibres adjoining — to it, from which {pring up feveral Stalks, not a Kook high, divided into feveral {mall Branches, on which Stand two {mall Leaves together, as is ufual in allthe Gentians, very like unto thofe of the LeflerCentory, which are not fo long as the former, a little broad and of a whiter green color; at the tops of the Stalks and Branches grow feveral Orient Blew Howers, not fo large as thofe of the laft defcribed, but fetin {mall long Husks, half way rifing up above the tops of them; after which comes fenall Seed inlong ° horned Cods or Veffels. ae
XII. The ninth, or Small Autumn Gentian, fim.
ply fo called, has a Root like the former, but alutle larger, which fends up a pretty fiiff round Stalk, of a Span high, or fomething more, which at certain ff ‘ ces is fet with fuch Leaves as the laft deferibed, larger, and out of the bofoms of thefe Leaves, from
ne | little Foorftalks, which ufually carry three Flowers
hap. 111. Se€t. 3. aforegoing, faving, that’ very large, and this is very fmall, and of the pe rifhing Kind. oy ae XII. The =
ea
aan, sn Aan
—
*
C = Englijh Herbs. |
hap. 312.
XML. The Places. Thefirft grows upon the A/ps, near Switzerland, as Baubinws fays, the fecond grows on the Mountains of Savoy, but neither of them grow wild in Eng/and, being only nurft up in Yaardens , the third grows upon the Hills of Aapiria and Hungary, Gerard fays he found it on Se/isbury Plane, as alfo in fome places in Swffex, and likewife neat St. A/baas: The tourth, or Cro/swort Gentian, grows in a Pafture at the Weft End of List/e Rayne in Efex, onthe North fide. of the way leading trom Braintree to Much-Dunmow, and in the Horie way by the fame Clofe: The fifth, Pena fays, grows up- on Bockmet , a Hill of Switzerland, and in feveral — on the A/ps, with us only in Gardens: The ixth is an Englifh Plant, which was found-by Mr. | Hesket, (a Gentleman very skilful in Botonology) in ts of England, viz. in Lancafbire, but
the North the exatt place where he met with it is not named:
The feventh, or Calathian Violet, grows in many places of Germany, and other parts beyond the Seas ;
it grows alfo in feveral of England, as neat Longfield, by Gravefend, near Greenbith and Cobham in Kent, and in the Fields belonging to the Houfe formerly Sir Percival Harts, at Le/lingftone in Kent, and in a Chalk Pit, hard by a P. ill, not far from Dartford in Kent, in the Wett Country alfo in feveral places, and that as well in wet Grounds as dry; Jobnfon upon Gerard fays, that he found it once on a Wet Moorifh Ground, two or three Miles on this fide Caffer, in a place called Nettleton More, in Lincolnfhire: The eighth, or Autumn Gentian with Small Centory Leaves, grows in Kent in feveral sont as about Soathfleet and Long field, upon the
wns, as alfo upon Barton Hills in Bedfordshire , upon a piece of wafte Chalky Ground, as you go out of Dunftable way towards ro earmage 2K and not far from the Ruines of the old City Verulam, near St. A/bans: The ninth is found at the Chalk Dale near Dartford in Kent , in Waterdown Foreft in Sufex, in the way leading from Charlewood’s Lodge to the Lord Abergavenie’s Houfe, called E- ridge Houfe, by a Brook fide there, alfo ona Heath by Colebrook, near London, and in the way turning off ftom Salisbury Plane to the Earl of Pembroke’s Houfe at Wilton, and upon a Chalky Bank between Gorkambury and St. Albans.
XIV. The Times. As to the times of Flowering, they are in part declared in the Se€tion of the Kinds, the two firlt F lower in Apri/, and the third in May, if they Flower at any other time it is but cafual ; and dheis Leaves abiding green all the Winter, they in-
creafé at the Root, and may be eafily parted; the fourth Flowers in Fume and Fuly, the fitth Flowers in Fly and Axguft, and not before, the Seed grow- ing ripe foon after, which fhedding themfelves con- tinue their Kinds, but will fcarcely endure Tranf- plantation, or rife of the Seed fown in the Garden , as Camerarime and others have obferved; the feventh Flowers not until about the end of Awgu/?, and in September, in which time this Noble Flower is in all its bravery: The eighth and ninth Flower alfo from the end of Axguft , and continue Flowering to the latter end of Ofober. XV. The Qualities. All the Gentians, hoth the Greater and the Sma/ler, are faid to be of one Pro- » and to have the fame Qualities and Virtues, ut the Greater are more ufed with us in Phyfick than the Smal/er;, but in places where the Greater . are not to be gotten, and where the Swa//er are in Plenty the Peller may very well be ufed in their ead. Gentian is hot and dry in the end of the fe- cond degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Car- minative, Diuretick, and Traumatick, Stomatick , —— gee Nephritick, and Hyfterick , Sudorifick, Alexipharmick, and Analeptick.
4t5
XVI. The Specification. At isa pocsdna thin gainft the Plague, Poyfon,.malign ifeafes, and all forts of Agues and Fevers whatioever, and is a fa- mous thing for the Cure of Wounds and. Ulcers of all kinds.
XVI. The Preparations. You may have there. from 1. A Juice of the Herb, and alfo of the Root. 2. An Effence of the Herb, or rather Root. 3. An Infufion of the Herb. 4. A Decoltion of the Root. 5. A Powder of tke Roct. 6. A Peffary of the Root. 7: A Diftilled Water of the Herb and Root. 8. A tape Tinéture of the Root. 9. An Acid Tin-
ure of the Root. 19. Az Oily Tindure of the Root. 11. A Saline Tintture of the Root. 12. An Oint- ment or Balfam of the Root.
The Virtues.
AVL The Liquid Fuice of the Root. It is good againft the Stinging or Bitings of Hotnets , Scorpi- ons, Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Creatures , taken Morning and Evening, two Ounces at a time, in a Glaf$ otf Wine, tora Week together, but in cafe of the Bitings of Mad Dogs, it ought to be taken for a whole Month round, till the Moon has perfe€ted her revolution, at what time the Poyfon for the moft part exerts ir felf, and commonly kills the Patient, and therefore for fecu- rity fake, it ought to be taken one whole Lunar re- . volution; the Wound alfo ought to be kepr open all that time, and for the three or four firft days nothing but Cloves of raw Garlick a little bruifed ought to be applied td it, the Wound it felf being wafh’d e- very time with the Juice of Gentian, becaute by this means the Poyfon of the Mad Dog, or of any Viper or nt will be drawn forth.
XIX. The Juice of the Herb. It is given very often to Cattel to drink, to free them from the Bots and Worms, and many other Difeafes , as alfo when they begin to fwell, being Poyfoned by any Venom-
ous thing, which they often lick up with the Grafs, as alfo when any poyfonous or hurtful Creature has bitten a Cow by the Udder, or any ‘other tender part, which prefently thereupon fwells, and puts the Creature to
ain, making them forbear their Meat; with this Fnice the place bitten is then to be bathed feveral times, and five or fix Spoonfuls of the Juice to be given inwardly, mixed with a Pint of Ale, by this means the poor Beaft is quickly cu- red, and reftored to its Health.
XX. The Effence of the Root. It has all the Vir- tues of the Juices before going, being ufed in the fame manner ; befides which, being taken from one Ounce to two Ounces, or more, Morning and Night in Generous Wine, it opens all forts of Ubftructions of Liver, Spleen, Gall, Reins, and Womb, and is profitable for fuch as are Liver-grown, as the Vul-
gar call it, or have any Scirthus breeding there, be- caufe the long and conftant taking hereof’ waftes a-
way thofe Humors which caufe the fame, it gives eafe in the moft vehement pains of the Stomach, jis good for fuch who cannot relifh their Meat, have a dejetted Appetite, and a bad Digeftion, it is good likewife againft piercing pains of the Sides, Stitches, or the like; it is good for fuch who are bruifed by Blows or Falls, diffolving the congealed Blood, and eafing the pain, the fame is alfo very effectual a- gainit all forts of Agues, being taken to three or four Ounces, three Hours before the coming of the Fit, ina Deco€tion of the fame Root, it opens Ob- ftructions of the Womb, provokes the Terms, faci- litates the Delivery of Women in Travail, and brings away the Afterbirth, it is effeCtual againft the Srran- , and brings away Sand, Gravel, or Tartarous Reaver obftru€ting the Urinary Paflages; and is faid to
>). 9
derful-manner all forts of Agues generated <ahe
purrifation of the Blood and Humors, to kill Worms
in the Belly , and to cleanfe the Skin from alll forts rec
t> be very goo tor tuch as have a Rupture, OF are Barften, ic is good againft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfe- nef, Wheefing, thortnefs of Breath, or any difficul- ty of Breathing, being made into a Syrup with Ho- ney, and fo taken; it is good againft the Yellow Jaundice, expels Wind, and is available againft all Diteafes proceeding of Cold, whether inward or outward., and as Galen fays, it is moft effeCtual wiiere there is any need to* attenuate or make thin thick Flegm,’ or grofs and tartarous Humors; it cleanfes filthy running Sores, and putrid Ulcers, car- rying off the peccant Humors, and freeing the parts affected from any Difeafes affecting them; dropt in- to the Eyes it takes away inflammation and rednefs, and clears them from Films growing on them.
XXL. The Infufion of the Herb or Root. It hasthe gives eafe in the pain, and di cuffes the Tumor or
former Virtues, butmuch weaker, and may be given § gainit Conv ; Morning and Night for the fame poupols from four | ons, being often bathed upon the part affefted, and Ounces to eight, {weetned with Sugar or Honey , it | prevails againft Faintin and Swooning Fits, being is a very good thing for thofe forts of Agues which inwardly given in any t Vehicle from one Dram to ‘ come by ob{tru€tions of Humors, or putrifaétion of three, at time of the Paroxy{im. nantes, 4 the Blood. XXVII. The Acid Tintfure. It is one of the XXIL The Decoftion of the Root in Wine or Wa- greateft Stomaticks in Rerum Natura, for it opens ter” It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, the Obftructions of the Stomach, incides and dif- folves Flegm, and all forts of thick, tough, vifcous
but much lefs effectual, and may: be given from three ‘ Ounces to fix Morning and Night, being ufed Di- and tartarous Humors adhering to the Tunicles there. etetically for fome time, in the Cure of old running | of, cleanfes it of all its Faculencies, warms and
Sores, putrid Ulcers, and inveterate or rebellious Fi- | comforts it, re{tores its Tone, being hurt or depra- ftula’s, €c. It is more powerful for the Cire of | ved, and after a fingular manner caufes a good A Agues than the Infufion of the Herb, oe lefS pow- } petite and a {trong Digeftion, and being conttantly eriul than the Effence; it heals all Wounds which aken, it is one of the moft abfolute Cures that is. for the Rickets in Children; it cures Afthma’s, cau- fing a free re{piration or brea ing, and takes away Hoarfenefs, Wheefings, &c. Dofe is fo many drops as to make the Vehicle pleafantly fharp, and it is to be given in all that the Patient drinks, whether Ale, or Wine, and that while they ufe it they
ought to drink nothing without it. | Rite
XVII. The Oily Tintture. Inwardly taken from
ten drops to twenty or thirty, firft dropt into pat, XXL The Powder of tbe Root. Jt has all the | and then mixt with any fit Vehicle, itis of ¢
ufe againft the Colick, and pains in the Stomach,
Virtues of Juice, Effence , and Decoftion , but ope- ! )
rates not with that celerity or {peed which they do, proceeding from Wind, it opens Obftruétions of the
- it may be given from halt’ a Dram to a Dram every Reins and Ureters, and expels fall Stones, Gra- Morning fafting, and every Night at Bed time, in vel, Sand, and other Tarrarous Subftances, which fome convenient Vehicle, and to be continued for | caufe the Strangury : It is a aga {ome confiderable time , as the reafon of the thing, | the Palfy and convulfions of the Vifcera, being, in- or occafion may require; if it is taken, with a fmall | wardly taken as aforefaid, and morning, and night addition of Myrrh, or Rue, or Pepper, it is the anointed well uppa the parts affected, as alfo along more powerfu againft the Stinging of Scorpions, or down the Back Bone: Itis good alfo againft numb- Bitings of Serpents or Mad Dogs, the Wound bein nefs of Limbs , Trembling of any cof the patts of kept open with Vinegar and Salt Water, and drelt the Body, weaknefS of the Joints , the Gout it
with the application of Garlick, which draws the jt Lys, Venom or eis out the moft powerfully of all Ve- XXIX. The Saline Tintture. Being bathed upon etables: Outwardly applied to foul, putrid, or | the lace, it is good againft the bitings and ftinging rotten Sores and Ulcers, it powerfully deterges, or of Venomcus creatures,for it actraéts the Poyfon out cleanfes, and dries them, caufing them fpeedily to| of the Part: it eafes the pain of the Gout after 4 heal: Mixe with Honey, and taken in the Morning | fingular manner, opens the Pores of the SI dif fifting, and at the ufual Medical Hours, it opens | cufles contufions, being applied very hot, et Obftructions of the Lungs, and caufes eafie expecto- | of Fomentation, and cleanfes the face, hanas an’ sation of thick tough klegm, aud other grofs Hu- other parts from fpots, freckles, Tanning, * | mors;, it provokes the Terms,- and expels the Dead | ing, yellownefs, black and bluenefs occafioned by Child and Afterbirth, and is indeed a fingular thing | Blows, as alfo fcurf, morphew, and other | for killing Worms in the Belly and Stomach. foedations of the Cutis and Cuticula, | fs XXIV. Ihe Pejlary. Ic is made of the folid Root,| *XX., The Oimtment or Balfam. tis an either green or dry. Being put up into the Womb, | ordinary Vulnerary, healing fimple' Wounds at om and kept there, it induces a flux of the Terms, by | or twice Dreffing. It alfo heals Wound opening the Mouth ct the Womb, it alfo attrasts | €tures of the Nerves and Tendons. Jt in the Birth, and brings away the Child , whether | an excellent thing againft all rinning Of © alive or Dead, and alfo clears the Womb of the Af-| inveterate Ulcers, putrid or malign Filtulas, terbirth. : the one it potently digelts, cleanfes, incarl XXV. The Diftilled Water of Herb and Root. It| need be, driesand admirably heals , ane has the Virtues of the Infufion or Decoftion, but not| it takes away the Callous, &e. and in {o etlicacious or powerful: Authors fay, that being| ens the past, being much weakened tito? diank, it has been often proved to cure in a Won- length or continuance of the Difeafe. ‘
wardly for fome_ time, it very much prevails a- gainft the Kings-Evil, {peedily and certainly healing thofe Ulcers up.
7
er
= 7 oe reo
SS SSS oe lee
Chap. 312. Enghifo Herbs. 417
{prings up with feveral Stalks) which are woody and hard, like unto a little Shrab, which is after- wards divided into very many little {mall Branches: Upon thefe Stalks and Branches grow finall Leaves, almoft round, and a little indented about the ed eS; leffer than the Leaves of the following Great a mander. The Flowers grow at the tops, and alfo near thé Leaves on the upper parts of the Sprigs, of a deeper purple color than the followin > and of-
5
CH A.P.: CCCXi: Of GERMANDER Garden.
I. H £ Names. Pas is called a Arabick, Cha- __ me rius,Dame, rios and Kemadriut : in Greek, tentimes tending to Blewnefs. Xapaideus, ¥ zapaid ent, as Se key fays: inla} Vy. Ay Objervution This Herb was in formet tin, Trixago, Triffago, Herba Febrium, Febrifuga, times much ufed, and is yet {till ufed in feveral (from the Effetts ) and Chamedrys, Quercula minor ; Places, to hedge up, or border Beds in Gardens, be- guaft humilis aut parva quercus, a foliorum fimilitu- caufe it will grow thick, and may be al{O kept in dine: in Enghjh, Germander. ¥.4 ._| fome Form and Proportion with cutting, and that ll. The Kinds. There are many Varieties of this the Cuttings are much ufed as a {trewing Herb for Plant, moft of which grow in other Countries, and Houfes, Flores and Chimney-hearths, being pretty, are tnknown in Exg/and: we make only four gene-| and fweet withal ; for which Reafon it is much af. tick kinds, viz. 1. Xauaideus Be ee ie fe€ted : but this is to be taken notice of, That it va, Garden Germander, of which in this Chapter. | will often die, and grow out of Form, and befides 2. Xapaidovs ayers, Chamedrys Jyloefiris, Wild Ger- that, the Stalks will grow too great and hard, and mander, of which in Chap. 314. 3. Xamaideus Sev ftubby ; and the Roots, by far fhooting under Seu mwreor, Teucrium, Quercula major, Tree Ger- Ground, will, upon a little continuance thereof, mander, of which in Chap. 315. 4. Xaaideus éad. fpread into many places within the Knot, which, if Sis 4 Wed ea, Exbedror, Scordium, Chamadrys aquatica,
they be i 1 ill {poil th Water Germander, of which in Chap. 316. follow- ry, be not continually pluckt up, will {poil the
‘a whole Knot it felf; and therefore once in three or ing. Tu The Garden kinds. OF this there are many
S04 nee at cre it muft be taken ah a new
it wi nk ayd ° Species defcribed in Authors; we fhall only enume- Fee ee on ead cunerionn Tate two, which are common with us in our Gar-
ye The fecond, or * Germander, bas a ae : J which is more bufhy with Fibres, and creeps le[s than dens, vz. 1. Chamedrys fativa vulgaris, Chamedrys) she former : from this Root rifes up greater and vulgaris, and Chamedrys mas, Febrifuga, Trixago, harder fquare Stalks, twelve, fifteen or eighteen and ‘Iri/Jago minor, The common Germander, or Leffer Garden Germander. 2. Chamedrys major,
Inches high, fpreading into feveral Lyin from a 3 the bottom ; on which grow two. Leaves at a
Trixago, and Triffago major, The greater German- nig’ Pease, E
der. ;
Joint, fomewhat larger than thofe of the Ordinary or Common kind jult before defcribed, and mote dented about the edges, green above, and fomewhat greyifh underneath. The Flowers ftand in a long {piky Head, and are larger than the former, gaping like them, and of a paler purple color.
VII. The Places. They are both found growing Wild in Germany, and in many other Countries, as Clufius faith ; but with us, they are only found in Gardens.
VIII. The Times. They flower in Fuze ot July, and the Seed is repened in fome little time after.
IX. The Qualities. Germander is hot and dry in the third Degree, and more fharp and bitter thah Teacrium, as Diofcorides fays : it is highly Aperi- tive, Incifive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Ce halick, Neus rotick, Stomatick, Pettoral, Hepatick, Splenetick, Arthritick, Alexipharmick and Analeptick.
X. The Specifcetion. It cures all forts of Agues and Fevers, and is principal againft the Plague or Peftilence : it is good againft Difeafes of the Lungs; ftops all forts ot Fluxes of the Bowels, and is a certain Remedy for the Gout. | XL The Preparations. You may have herefrom, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. An Infufi- om 4. A Decottion. 5. ASyrup. 6. A Pouder of the Herb. 7. An Ointment or Balfam. 8. A Ca- taplafm. 9. A Spirituous Tinflure. 10. An Acid
intture. 11. An Oily Tinfure. 12. A Saline Tintture. 13. A Spirit of the Herb. 14. A Poy: der of the Seed.
The Virtues.
XI. The liquid Fuice. Vf it ismixt with Honey and fo’taken, it is good againft Coughs and Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheezings, ShortnefS of Breath, and Pains of the Spleen. It is profitable for fuch whofe Spleens are become hard, and fuch as have the Strangury, or make their Water difficuldly ; and
Hhh helps
‘IV. The Defcriptions. The fir/t, or Small Gar- den Germander, has a Root compofed of divers Sprigs, and varioufly difperfed with many Strings, fhooting forth a great way round about, and quickly over. Spreading a Ground, fpringing up again in many
faces. From this Root rifes up a little ftraight
talk, about a Span long, and fometimes longer, nearly a Foot in Height ; (but Parkinfon fays it
tied
3 Salmon’ 41 Salmon s helps thofe who are falling into a Dropf being ta- Ken in the beginning of Ste Difeater Dole two, three or four Spoontuls Morning and Night.
XU. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues , befides which, it opens Obftructions of the Sto- mach, Liver, Spleen, Reins and Womb ; provokes the Terms in Women, and helps to expel the dead Child, and the After-birth. If it is mixt with Vi- “negar, and fo tdken, it does waite or confume the Spleen, and is very effe€tual againft all forts of Poi- fon, chiefly the Bitings of Serpents and mad Dogs. Ufed outwardly with Honey, it cleanfes old and Tunning Sores and putrid Ulcers, hindering their {preading and eating: and fo mixed with Honey and put into the Eyes, it helps their running and watering, and removes the Dimnefs of Sight. Ta- ken inwardly, three or four Spoonfuls at a time, it is good againft Pains and Stitches of the Side, Co. = “ and — ‘. like Sponges a cures al-
0 Lertian and Quartan Agues, being taken every day in the Morni fitting’ and on the day of the Fit, three hours betore the Fit comes: and i- ence has found it a moft effectual Retnedy againft the Plague it felf. | .
XIV. The Infufion. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo effeftual : it set againft Difeafes of the Brain, continual
ains of the Head, Melancholy, Epilepty, Carus, pea and Dulnefs of Spirits, Palfies, Convulfi- eA c. Dofe fix Ounces Morning, Noon and
ight.
V. The Decotfion. It has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence and Infufion, but is fomething more efficacious than the Infufion, but not {0 pleafant to be drank by the Patient, becaufe it taftes ftronger ; yet it may be given to fix Ounces or more, as the Infufion aforefaid is given. Put into the it kills Worms in them, and alfo kills Worms in_the Belly, fo alfo the Juice and Effence. A of the Herb or Root rather, made in Wine, and taken for fixty days continually, four hours before Meat, it is a certain Remedy for the Gout.
XVI. The Syrup. Dwrantes makes a Syrup for the Spleen after this manner: ‘Take Germander, Ground Pine, Ceterach, Madder, of each a whee ad 3 Raifons floned an Ounce , Bark of Caper-roots, Roots of Smallage, preyed Blew Howerdeluce, Orrice, Liquorice, of each half an Ounce , Bark of Tama- risk, Cyperus, Seeds of Anife, Fennel, Smallage, of each two Drams : boil all in a fufficient quantity of a Mixture of equal parts of Water oud} Vinegar : then ftrain, and with a fufficient quantity of Honey, make a Syrup, aromatizing it with five or fix Ounces of {trong Cinnamon-water. The Dofe is four Ounces every Morning fafting. It is good alfo againft Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s and other Diftempers of the Fitting as alfo againft the Colick, Stitches in the Side, &c.
XVII. The Pouder of the Herb. It has the Vir- tues of the Juice, but more aftringent, being very good to ftop all manner of Fluxes, whether of the Belly or of Blood ; as alfo the Courfes in Women, and to ftop Vomiting, being given from half a Dram to a’Dram and half, in Vinegar or any other proper Vehicle.
XVII. The Pouder of the Seed. Tt may be given from half a Dram to a Dram and half in a Glaf$ of White Port Wine, for fome days; and fo taken, it expels Choler by the Urinary Paflages, and is profi- table againft the Yellow Jaundice: it alfo comforts the Stomach, and ftrengthens all the Vifcera, tho’ under long Weakneffes.
XIX. The Ointment or Balfam. It heals fimple green Wounds in a fhort time ; and being applied to foul running Sores, and old putrid Ulcers, it di-
Herbal. Lib. |. geft them, cleanfes, incarnates, dries, and quickly heals them up. Applied to the Gout, it eafés the Pain in twenty four hours time; and by the cop. ftant Ufe of it afterwards, in a fhort time cures it, and that fo perfeftly, as to return no more again upon that Bafis. Miseiata> <> XX. The Cataplafm. Being beaten and boiled in Vinegar, . and peut to a Confiftence with a little Leaven, and fo applied to the Stomach, it ftops and cures all thofe Vomitings which arifé fiom hot and cholerick Caufes : and applied to the Forehead and Temples in café of an Hoemorthage or Bleeding at Nofe, it prefently ftops it hs ops XXL The Spirituous Tinture. It warms and comforts a cold Stomach, and fo ftrengthens it, as to caufe a good Appetite and a {trong ion. It is cordial and excellent good againft fainting and fwooning Fits, Fits of the Mother, anda vehement Sicknef$ at ie? ag it eafes almoft in a mo- ment. It expels Wind powerfully, and gives eafe in the Colick , and is a lar thing in refifting e- ven the Violence of Convulfions. Dofe two
XXIL. The Acid Tinflure. tis fo powerful an pete of all Obftruétions of the Stomach and other Vifcera, that there are but few other things which equal it. It cures and prevents the Rickets in Chil- dren ; is powerful againft a Cachexia in Virgins and other young People ; and a_fingular thing againft the Green-ficknefS in young Women. It excites a good Appetite where it is languid or is wanting, incides, diflolves and expels thick, tough, viftous Flegm, and other tartarous Humors lodged in the Stomach and Bowels, ca Tortions, Gripings Colicks, &c. let it be given Dietetically in all that the Patient drinks, whether Ale, Beer or Wine, fo many Drops at a time. as may give the Vehicle a pleafant Acidity, continuing its t ; as long as
requires.
rubbing it very well in. ‘ XXIV. The Saline Tintture. Inwardly ee from one Dram to two in a Glafs of White Port Wine, it opens Obftruétions of the Urinary Paflages, and provokes Urine powerfully, expelling Gravel, Sand, and flimy or viféous Matter, which ftops the Urine and caufes Pain. Bathed upon a recent
fimple Contufion; it hinders the tion of Hu- mors, diftufles thofé which are and wigs
ly cures the fame, taking away alfo the Bla and Blewnef§ thereof: a is aff good me Pim Sete Freckles, Sun-burning, Tanning, Yell AO rff, Morphew, and other like Breakings out of the Skin. ; . XXV. The Spirit from the Herb. It is Stomatick and Cordial, good againft all Difeafes the Head, Brain, Nerves, Heart and Vitals, come forting the Parts affetted, refifting the malig pors which opprefs the Spirits, and reviving niverfal Man. Dofé from one to two Drams, € ther alone or in a GlafS of choice and gene Wine, as oft as occafion requires, vig. in faint {wooning, &c.
Chap. 315: Englifh Herbs. 419
C HA P. CCCXIV. of GERMANDER Wild.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Xauai- deus dye: in Latin, Chamedrys fylvefiris : in Englifh, Wild Germander.
II. Lhe Kinds. This is twofold, viz. 1. Chame- drys fylvefiris Clufit, Chamedrys {puria Sploefiris, Chamedrys vulgaris famina Fuchfi, Turneri, Loni- ceri, Lugdunenfis, Pfeudochamaedrys Thalii, Teu- crium pratenfée Lobel, Common Wild Germander. 2. Chamedrys anguftifolia, Chamedrys {puria minor angujtifolia Baubini, who takes it to be the thi Variety of the fourth kind of Clufiws his Teucrium, Narrow-leav'd Wild Germander.
= Wi SS
\ WZ
Ul. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common Wild Germander, has a Root which is fmall and thready, which fends forth feveral fquare upright Stalks, yet fometimes a little bending, having two Leaves fet at each Foint, one againjt. another; the lower ones fomewhat large, and almoft round, yet pointed at the ends, and dented about the edges, but Smaller as they grow “3 higher. The tops of the Stalks are {piked with feveral blew Flowers, fet a- bout them, made of four finall round Leaves apiece, with a little white Eye in the middle, fmall-pointed, and fome Threads alfo ; after which fucceed fmall tlac Pouches, containing fall Seed.
‘IV. The fecond, or Narrow-leay’d. Wild German- der, bar a Root which # blackifh, hard and fibrous or
upon the Stalks, are {horter and narrower poiniel alfo at the ends, and fnipt about the edges. The Flowers grow towards the tops of the Stalks, Spike- fafhion, being either of a pale blew color or blufh; made of four Leaves, like the other; having alfo like Heads and Seed.
V. The Places. The firft grows almoft in every Meadow thro’ the Land, as alfo by Ditches and Hedge fides: Gerard fays it grows in many places about London, in Meadows and fertile Fields, and in every place wherefoever I have travelled (fays he) in England. The other grows in like places, but is nothing near fo common.
VI. The Times. They flower and flourifh from the end of May tothe latterend of Augujh
VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations,
ra | ed Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Common Garden Germander in the former Chapter, and thi-
ther I refer you.
CHAP. CCCXV.
of GERMANDER Tree.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek, Tevxexy ;
in Latin, Teucrium, (a Teucro inventore, .
sshe Piinio) alfo Quercula major , and in Engli/h, ree Germander.
LIN TOMAS Tree Germaner
IJ. The Kinds. There are three kinds hereof
Siringy 5 from which Spring Several round reddifh\ which grow in our Gardens, viz. 1. Teucrium ma-
Stalks, fomewhbat roug
» bard and hairy, about an\jus vulgare, Teucrium Matthioli, Lobelii, & alio-
Hand Breadth or fomething more high, and bending \ rum, Teucrium vulgare fruticans Clufii, Chamedrys
downwards, whofe lower Leaves are fomewhat lo
alterum, feu affurgens Dodonai, Common or vulgat
and broad, round at the ends, and not dented at all | Tree Getmander. 2. Tewcrium Creticum Clifii, about the edges ; but thofe which grow up higher | Tewcrivm Creticum incanum Bauhini, Tree Germas-
wa
Hhh 2 det
;
420 ~~ Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
VII. The Times. Thefe Tree Germanders flower fomewhat later than the other Germanders do, viz. in, July and Augujt , and the Seed is ripe in fome little time after.
VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with thofé of the Common Germander in Chap. 313. aforegoing, to which we refer you.
IX. Am Obfervation. It is to be noted, That Galen makes Tree Germander to be hot in the {e- cond Degree, and dry in the third, to be of thin parts, and inciding alfo, whereby, he fays, it i helpful for the Spleen. Diofcorides fays it iui obs green or dry, and is good to confume th Spleen, being inne Ae applied ; it
der of Candia. 3. Teucrium Beticum, Teucrium fruticans Baticum Clufti, Lugdunenfis, Tabernmon- tani, & aliorum, Teucrium Perigrinum folio finuofo Bawhixi, Spanith Tree Germander.
Il. The Deftriptions. The fir/t, or Common Tiee Germander, bas a Root which is fomewhat wooly, fpreading it felf about, with many Strings and blackifh Fibres adjoining to them. rom this Root {pring up hard, woody, brittle Stalks, (growing much like a little Shrub) a Foot or two, and fome-
. times a Yard bigh, where Care # taken of it, and it is preferved and defended from the Injuries of the Winters. Thefe Stalks branch themfelves forth on all fides, from the very bottom, bearing always Leaves by couples, fmaller, fmoother and thicker than thofe of Germander, of a dark fhining gteen color on the upper fide, and greyifh underneath, ‘and dented alfo about the ed like them. The Flowers which are gaping, {tand about the tops of. the Branches, Spike-fafhion, one above another, of a pale whitifh color, as Clufius fays, but of a pur- Pe, ie Lobel fays, of both — colors - has om oft feen bearing ; but the Flowers are fomewhat 5 , a larger than thole of Germander, and without any} Of GERMANDER. Water, Hood above, having a few Threads ftanding forth. ' a The Seed is fmall, blackifh and round, contained in O R,
SCORDIUM
is alfo ufed againft the Stinging or fonous Creatures.
CHAP. CCCXVI.
{mall round, but pointed Husks. The whole Plant is of a fine, pleafant, but weak Smell, yet fomewhat {tronger, vy is a little — ae the bene and green Leaves continually, if it is not ex] ; a ee : to the Sharpnefs of the Winter Seafon. . IT HE Names. It is called in Greek, Sridur,
IV. The fecond, or Cretian Tree Germander, bas fome call it Avcooqr, from the {trong @ Root like the former, and {prings “3 and grows | Smell) and it may alfo be cal Kapaldgus tudes: like a little Shrub, it rifes up with fuch like woody| in Latin, Scordium, Trixago p , and Triffago Stalks, and brittle, asthe other, but fomething fmal-| paluftris, Chamadrys aquatica: in Englhih, Water ler and whiter , on which do grow, b like Leaves,| Germander, Garlick Germander, and Scordium.
ta
and in the fame manner, but fomething leffer, lefs = green and shining above, and aes nig underneath,! The True Scordium, or W ater Germander. a Ay : : “y . *
two always fet at @ Joint, one oppofite to the other :
with the Leaves, towards the tops, come forth five or fix Flowers, ftanding in a-Husk, i ther, buta little lefS, and of a being paft away,- {mall round the former. . The €
ve. ae
PARA Za, Ly
Talte is more bitter than the former, but abides; with its Stalks and Leaves thereon, green, like the; ret, but requires alittle more €are for its Winter- Security in our Country.
| VI. The Places. They all grow with us in Gar-! dens, where they flourifh very ‘well, and delight 'to| VS ie crow in rough ftoney places, which are mountainous} II. The ‘Kinds. Tabernmontanus ‘toakes” and expofed to the Air and Sun. The fecond was} Kinds hereof, viz. ‘a‘Leffer and a Greater. ’ brought to us from Candia, the third from Spain 5} diam legitimum, Scordinm minus, Scora and therefore are not fo hardy Plants as the firft of | Trixago paluftris minor, ‘The leffer $ them. ‘| true Scotdium, ox Water Germander.
a
places, as they lye, and Spread , by which means it
Name. The Flowers are {mall, red and gapi or of a purple color, like the Flowers of dead Netticn
and ftand at the Joints with the Leaves, towards the tops of the Branches.
Water Germander the Greater.
Ane — . — aN pea = Shy AKsy/ ‘2, =. MA a) NS jae An Fz NY a\\" | ‘Aa SS
=
IV. The fecond, or Greater Scordium, or Water Germander, bas a fmall long Root, and very Sibrous, creeping deep into the Ground, and far about, abiding
_ tong, and not perifhing every Year; from which ma-
R Square, white, hatry Stalks or Branches {pring fo
rth, fome rifing up higher, and others dwarf like, oa Wise We orted Upon thefe Stalks or Branches grow Leaves, two at a Joint, broader and rounder than the'former Scordivm, andall of a hoa- ~ ty white, being fomewhat like unto the Leaves of
rue Scordium ; and thereby it is known to be of the Kind, tho’ the Leaves, by being larger, do fome- what differ. :
V. The Places. The firlt growis in many wet Grounds , and by Water-fides in many places of England. hs fays, That it grows as well on Hills as by ater-fides ; and it will fourith Well, if it is tranfplanted into a Garden: Camerariys fays, That it is se to be itronger and tharper which tows on high Grounds, thar that which grows on low and moift places. It Slows near to Oxenford, by Ruley, on both fides of the Water ; and in a Meadow by Abington, called Neitford = alfo in great plenty in the Ifle of Evy, and ina Meadow by Harwood in Lancafbire, and \in feveral other places. The other grows alfo in low and moift places, but is not fo generally to be found as the itis: in cers the People gather it promifcuoufly with the
ort.
VI. The Times. They flower in Fune, Fuly and Axgu/t, in which Months it is beft to gather it and keep it dry: it perithes not in Winter, but only loofes the Stalks, the Root fending up fre(h again in Summer.
VII. The Qualities. Germander is hot and dry in the fecond Degree : it is Aperitive, Abfterfive, A- ftringent, Carminative, Digeftive, Diuretick, Ano- dyne and Traumatick ; Cephalick, Neurotick, Sto- matick, Cordial, Hepatick, Nephritick, Sudorifick and Alexipharmick.
-VIL. The Specification. It is a counter Poifon a- pit all Poifons and InfeStions of Contagious and
pidemick Difeafes, as Stingings or Bitings of Ser- pents, mad Dogs, 6c. all forts of malign Fevers, the Meafles, Small-Pox, Purples, Spotted Fever and Calenture, as alfo the Plague or Peftilence it felf: it is an efpecial Help againft the Strangury, and provokes the Terms in Women.
1X. The Preparations. You may prepare here- of, viz. 1. Aliguid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. An Infufion in Wine, or Decoftion. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Pouder. 6. An Electuary. 7. Diafcordium. 8, An Ointment or Balfam. 9. A Cataplafm. 10. A diftilled Water. 11. A Spirituous Tinture. 12. An Acid Tinfture. 13. An Oily Tindure. 14. A Spirit. 15. An Elixir. The Flerb is only ufed.
The Virtues.
X. The liquid Fuice. tis a little fharp and pe- netrating, and fo is effeCtual to provoke Urine, and give eafe in the Strangury. It opens Obftructions of the Womb, and provokes the Terms in Women, facilitates the Birth, and brings away the After-birth. It is'good againft the Bitings or Stinging of Vipers, Rattle Snakes, and other Serpents, mad Dogs, cor- pions, Hornets, &. and refifts all other deadly Poi- fons. Dofe two, three or four Spoonfiuls in the di- ftilled Water of the fame, or in any other fit or pro-
er Vehicle, Morning and Night, to be continued Bedi time.
XI. ‘The Effence. It has all the former Virtues, and may:be‘given in like manner.in thé fame Dofe : and.as it isa counter Poifon, 10, it refifts all rn:
4.22 £:0us and inteCtious Difeafes, even when Epidemi- cal, as Meufles, Small-Pox, Spotted Fever, Purples, the Plague alfo, and all Peftilential Diftempers. It IS given with good Succefs before the Fits of Agues, to divert or hinder the AccefS, and to drive them a- Way: in this Cafe it may be given to four, five or fix Ounces, It is a moft certain Remedy to kill Worms in Old or Young, whether in the Stomach or Belly. . And by reafon of its Abfterfive and Sana- tive Properties, it is an excellent thing to be ufed Dietetically againft the Poifon and Malignity of the French-Pox, and to clear the Patient of the Reliques of the fame. It powerfully provokes Sweat, and therefore is good againft the Plague, digefts Hu- mors, diffolves and difcuffes Swellings ; and is an excellent thing for fuch who are hurt by Blows, Falls or Bruifes, where’fome inward Veflel may be bro- ken, to diffolve, difperfé and expel the congealed Blood, and to confolidate the Vein ; and becaufe of its Conglutinating Property, it is are troubled with any Rupture or BurftennefS, this being daily drunk inwardly, and the Herb applied outwardly.
XII. The Infufion in Wine, or Decoffion.. Thefe have both of them the Virtues of the Juice and Ef- fence, but ina much lef§ degree, for which Reafon they ought to be taken in a much larger Dofe, and to be ofteger repeated. They are good againft the gnawing Pains of the Stomach, as alfo Pains of the Sides and Pleura: and if they are made in Red Wine, are 4 and all other Fluxes of the Belly.
XII. The Syrup. It has the Virtues of the In- fufion and Decoétion, and is available againft an old Cough, HoarfenefS, Wheezing and ShortnefS of Breath : it opens Obftru€tions of the Lungs, and helps to rrtarite tough Flegm and other vifcous Humors out of thofé Parts. Mixt with the Pouder of Scordium, and applied to foul and putrid Ulcers, it abfterges them, dries, and very much contributes to their healing.
IV. The Pouder. It has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Infufion and Deco€tion, but operates not fo fpeedily, and may be given in any convenient Vehicle, as in the diftilled Water, Infufion, Deco- €tion or Syrup of the fame Herb, from half a Dram toa Dram. It facilitates the Labor, provokes the Terms, opens Obftructions of the Urinary Veffels, is good againft Ruptures, is an excellent counter- Poifon, kills Worms, and prevails powerfully a- gainft the Bloody-fux, more efpecially if it is mixt with Pouder of Tormenti/-Koots a third part. It is very good for moift running Sores and Ulcers in the Legs or other Parts, to cleanfe and dry them, and caufe them fpeedily to heal.
XV. The Evefuary. * \tis made of the Pouder of Scordium a Pound, mixed with three Pounds of the Rob of Fuice of Creffes made with Honey, adding at
the end, Rofin in fine Pouder balf a Pound. Xt isa}
noble Ele€tuary for the Lungs 3 it not only cures Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, &c. “but alfo heals Ulcers of the Lungs, helping to expe€torate the rotten and putrid Matter trom thence. Dofe ane Ounce Morning and Night.
XVI. Diafcordium. It is a compound Confeé& or Fle€tuary in our Pharmacopwia Londinenfis, lib. 4. cap. 22 Jett. 19. It was compofed by Fracafforiws, and inferted there for its great Virtues and general Ute. It is given againft Plage Poifon, malign Fevets, Fluxes of all forts, Catarrhs, Vomiting, Coughs, Watchings, Afthma’s, Pleurifies, Confump- tions, Whites and Reds in Women, &c. Dofe from one to two Drams at Night going to and as much in the Mornifg falting, as the Occafion may require : and it may be given to Children from a
-Salmon’s Herbal
ee for fuch as | W
profitable againft the Bloody-flux,
[Bie Scruple to half'a Dram, in any convenient Vehicle _ It is thus made: uke Scordium in fine pouder one Ounce ; fine Bole an Ounce and half; Terra Lemnia, Biftert, Cinnamon, Caffia Lignea, Dittany of Greer, Gentian, Tormentil, (all thefe in fine pouder) Gum Arabick, Galbanum, Storax Calamita, of each half an Ounce ; Ginger, long Pepper, Seeds of Sorrel, of each two Drams in fine pouder , Opium a Dram and =i half; Canary eight Ounces ,; Sugar of Rofes a Poand, clarified Honey two Pounds and balf: mix and make an Elettuary according to Art. The Opium inthis — Prefcript is much too little, being to the while Compofition only as 1. to 310. which is an inc derable Proportion. Should Opium one Ounce be the Proportion, it would yet be but as r. to 58, which is ftill confiderably too little, where any Ef fefts trom the Opium are expefted.
XVII. The Ointment or Balfam. exe cellent Wound. Medicaments, and
g cl incarnating, drying any mun ing old Sore, putrid Ulcer or Fiftu what Part of the Body foever. £
XVIII. The Cataplafm. If it is made of the ed Herb mixed with Honey, and applied to green Wounds, it heals them. If it is apr foul and putrid Ulcers, it cleanfes, dries them. if it is applied to Excreftencies as Wens, and the like, it repercuffes ; hinders them from encreafing, a them fo as to difcufs or difperfe the the Gout, it eafes the Pains thereof:
XIX. The diftilled Water. It is lexipharmick, and is good againft fain fwooning Fits, Sicknefs at Heart, caufed| malign or peftilential Miafmata or Vapors, &
has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but to be given ina much leffer Dofe, viz. from oneto three Drams, in fome fit Vehicle. "
XXI. The Acid Tinfture. There are b things in the whole Republick of Medicine, are {o powerful againft the Plague and tial oe anh ete is, becaule at the Root of the Malignity and vu it in its Principle and Eflence, Ic Rigi. u Plague and all Peftilential Difeafes, but it is noble Prophyla€tick, or Preferver from the Conta- gion and Infefticn. I commend it againft th e Spot
— us
will do in a Week: it is to be bigs = ‘
many D) refe
ought to be kept always in.a ReadinefS by one. XIL. The O/y TinGure. Anointed on th ; Bone, and upon the Parts affected, Mori Night, it is an excellent thing againft Nu Trembling of the Limbs, Palfies, Convul it is alfo of extraordinary Ufe, being Punttures of the Nerves or Tendons, o) ly eafes the Pain, abates the Tumor, pi
. wax! ~~ _*
ops Li:
7
a
— LU ee oo eae oe
Se 8 Rr 5
Chap. 317, Enghfb Herbs. 423 vulfions, and induces the Cure almoft toa Miracle. Authors account about na fev I Speci Inwardly given from twelve to thirty Drops, being which, becaufé of the ioatnatlne Repediiden, et dropt into Sugar, and fo mixt with any Oe ae Ve- | thall forbear to name here, but give you them each hicle, it has not only all the Virtues © in their own order, as we thall now defcribe them: pe oe ba ee a fingular manner opens Ob-|
uctions of the Reins and Womb, provokes Urine. | iliflower cafes the Strangury, and forces away Stones, : Gilliflower Greateft. vel, Sand, Tartar, or any other Feeculency refiding GEE Ai
SA
a Glafs of ous Wine in a Mornin i eck 6 falting. time, when need requires it, as in any fainting Fit,
labor under any prefent Sicknef$ at Heart. °Tis an excellent Cordial, and an Antidote againft all man‘
\\
%
€ HAP. CCCXVIL
Of GILLIFLOWER the Greateft, | OR, Carnation GILLIFLOWER.
IV. The Deferiptions. 1. Coryophyilns maximus, diius, Hulo rubro varius, The grey Hulo. Ve has as great Leaves as the O/d Carnation, (deferibed in Cap. 139. fe. 5.) and as deeply jagged on the edges ; it has a great high Stalk, whereon ftand the Flowers, of'a deep red color, ftriped and fpeckled very clofé together, with a darkifh white color.
. 2. Caryophyllus maximus, i. e. Hilo ruber non variatus, The red Hulo. It is a fair large Flower, of a Stamel color, deeply jagged, as the former, and grows very gallantly, without any fpot at all in ir, fo that it feems to be but a Stame/ Gilliflower, faving, that it is much greater.
VI. 3. Caryopbyllus maximus diftws Hulo ceruleo purpureus, The blew Hulo. It is a goodly fair Flow- er, being of a fair purplifh Murry color, admirably Marbled with White, but fo finally to be difcerned, that it feems only Purple, it has fo much the Ma: ftety in it; it refembles the Brazi/, but that it is much bigger.
VIL 4. Caryophyllus maximus ditlas Grimelo, five Princeps, The Grimelo, or Prince. It is a fair Flows er alfo, as large as any Cryftal, of larger, wie’, Nd enerick kinds, viz. 1. Caryophyllus hortenfis ru-\a fair Crimfon Color, equally for the moft part ftri-
vum, The deep Blood-red Clove-Gilliflower, of] ped with White, or rather more White than Red, which we have already treated in Chap. 139. afore- | thro” évery Leaf from the bottom, and grows beauti- going. 2. Caryophyllus hortenfis maximus, The greateft Gilliflower or Carnation Plant, of which in this Chapter. 3. res hortenfis major, The greater Gilliflower, called fimply by the Name of Gilliflower, of which there are feveral Species, which fhall be treated of (God willing) in Chap. 318. following. The generick Defeription of thefe two latter, fee in Chap. 139. fe&. 5 and 6.
Ml. Lhe Kinds of Carnations. Of the Greate Gillflower ox Carnations, there ate many kinds :
L HE Names. This Plant, as it was unknown
to the Greeks, fo it has no Greek Name a- lotted it; but it is called in Latin, Ca lus hortenfis ; the Epithite is added, to diftinguith it from Czryopbyllus Indicus, the Indian ~ ao called Cloves ; thele in the Garden being fo called in fome refpect from their Smell, it in fome meafure bei like to that of the Indian Spice, and in another re- {pe&t from the Form, the Flower it felf in its low- et part, being very like to the Indian Clove : in Eng- lifh we call it, Gilliflower, (quafi Fuly-flower, from its flowering in the Month of Fuly :) but if we will align it a Creek Name, we may call it Kaguéovarcy Fuses , Caryophyllus bortenfis, and fo it is diftin- guifhed from Kaguiguaacy ivdixdy, Ihe Indian Clove or
1c@.
Il, The Kinds. Of the Gilliflowers there are three
fully.
Vill . 5. Caryophyllus maximus Incarnadinus Albis, The White Carnation, or Delicate. \t is a goodly delightful fair Flower when in its Pride and Perfeéti- on, that is, when it is both Marbled and Flaked, or ftrrped arid fpeckled with White, upon an Incarnate Crimifon Color , being a very fweet and delicate Flower, but abides not conftant, changing oftentimes to have no Flakes or Strakes of White, but Marbled or Speckted wholly, she
: —. °° = ee
> , i * Ef z 424 Salmon’s Herbal. Lab. 1. TX. 6. Caryophyllus maximus Incarnadinus Gal- lie us, The trench Carnation. \t is very like to the White Carnation, but that it has more Specks or pots, and fewer Stripes or Flakes of White in the Red, which has the Maftery of the White. X. 7. Caryophyllus maximus Incarnadinus Gran- dis, The Ground Carnation. It is almoft like to the
might be faid to be the fame, but greater, fevers} nae, rales this get nes the Grand Pere, byt the difference will manifeftly a car in the the deferi tion of the next Flower. Sips oe — XX. 17. ret aes maximus ditlus Camber fing The Camberfine. Xt is a fair great Flower, red co. lored, and well marked or ftriped with White, fome: what like unto a Savoy, as fome fay, but that the .
139. Seth. 5.4 | Red is not Crimfon, as the Savoy is; or fomething — {preads not its like to the Dainty, as others fay, but not fo gallant the middle ftandi and {weet a form; the Leaves of the Flowers are and turning up their brims or edges, and is a fad | many, cluftering together, without any due form of : ery | {preading. i} Len ails « | XXL. 18. Cepeph live maxister dilths Si ere. er ieldom comes fair and The Grand Pere. {t is a fair Ticwesivand-
~> “4 great 2 wre > as great as the Hulo, or A {weet enone fhe the form, but of no great beauty caufe, although it is ftriped Red and
when it is well fo fad, that it takes away all the pleafantnef§ of the marks, being Flower. {* if. Saas as and Crimfon Red efS, or little or} XXII. 19. Caryopbyllus maximus Longobardicus — nothing at + times | | ruber, The great Lesh ardred. \tisagreat fadred red, or wholly blu : Flower, fo double and thick of re hora me pe XII. 9. Ca commonly breaks its Husk or Pod, and feldomfhews Red ae or gives one Flower of twenty '; the Blades the moft Orient Flower of all oth lowers, | OF ti Leaves are as large as the Huo, becaufe it is both the greateft, as coming from the XIII. 20, Caryophyllus maximus Anglicus, The —
Cryftal, as alfo, that the Red heteof is a moft excel- lent Crimfon.
XIL. 10. Caryophyllus maximus dittus fragrans , The fragrant. It isa fair Flower, and thought to | P. come from the Cry/ta/, being as large, but of a blufh red color, {potted with fmall fpecks, no bigger than Pin points, but not fo thick as in the Pageant.
XIV. 11. Caryophyllusmaximus Subaudicus vari- us, The ftriped Savoy. \t is for form and bignefs equal with the Cryffa/, or White Carnation, but as inconftant as either of them, changing into Red or Bluth; fo that few Branches with Flowers contain their true mixtures, which are a whitifh blufh, fair- ly ftriped with a Crimfon Red Color, thick and fhort, with fome {pots alfo among them.
XV. 12. Caryopbyllus maximus Subaudicus Car- neus, The Blufh, or Klefh Colored Savoy. , It is the fame with the former, the fame Root of the ftriped. Savoy, as aforefaid, (pene one fide or part, whofe Flowers will be wholly blufh, or having fome {mall fpots, or fometimes few or none in them.
XVI. 13. Caryophyllus maximus Subaudicus ruber, The red Savoy. It is like the blufh when the color’ of the Flower is wholly red, without the mixtion of any Stripes or Spots, and fo abides long, yet it is fometimes feen, Ki the fame fide or part, or Root. being {eparate from the firft or Mother Plant, wi give itriped and well marked Flowers again.
XVIL. 14. Caryophyllus maximus Oxonienfis, The Oxford Carnation. At is very like to the French Car- nation, as well for form as largenefS and color, but that this is of a fadder red color, fo finely Marbled with White thereon,that the Red having the Maftery, it fhews it like a very fad Flower, not having any Flakes or Stripes atall init. _
XVUL 15. Caryophyllus maximus Regius, five Bri- Rolinenjis major, Ibe Kings Carnation, or Ordinary Brifiol. It is a reafonable great Flower, deeply jag- ged, of a fad red color, very {mally ftriped an Speck led with White; fome of the Leaves of the Flower on the one fide will turn up their brims or edges; the green Leaf in this is very large.
XLS! 16.. Caryopbyllas maximus Granatenfis, The greateft Granado. It is a very fair large Flow- er, bigger than the Gy/ffa/, and almoft as big as the
Blew Halo, it is almoft equally divided, an ee with Purple and White, but the Purple is fadder than in the Ordinary Granado Gilliflower, elfe it
“1 . cribed at large in Chap. 139. Set 5.2 the ves Hae wor ay
At
XXV. The Times. They Flower about theend of Fune, and through all uly, ee 4 very hot, but if the Weather is temperate, they fometimes continue Flowering till the end of Aw guft, or later. a g
XXVI. The Qualities, Specification, Je a 2 ; and Virtues, axe the fame with thofe of the Clove- gilliflower, of which we have ‘Trea ~ Chap. 139. from Se€t. 9. to Se€t. 20. and to tha, we refer you. oes smy
)
C HAP. CCCXVIL
of GILLIFLOWE Rthegt “a O R, 7? GILLIFLOWER fimply foca
1.’ F° HE Names. As we faid of the Gr
nation Gilliflower in the laft Chapter, fowe fay of this, that it was a Plant wholly ur n to the Greeks, though from the Latin N
Name, (and very proper in the Lang:
ly be derived; we call it in Latin Caryo tenfis major; I know that in Chap. 1 foregoing we have called this Gillifi lus minor, that is, accounting the in the laft Chapter to be the G, viz. Ca Ha Hortenfis major, it fc the reafon of the Name, that this being
a
Jifower than that, that it may very well be called Caryophyllus Hortenfis minor, but if we allow the Carnation in the tormer Chapter to be Caryophyl/us Hortenfis maximus, then it follows from the fame reafon, that this muft be called Caryophyllus Horten- jis major, aS atorenamed, and in Greek it may be called Kaguaquarc ites uciCev, The Greater Garden Clee, or Greater Gilliflower. IJ. The Kinds. Of the Gilljflower there are alfo many Kinds, Authors account about Thirty Four f- veral Species, which, becaufe of their great number, and the immediate after repetition of their Names, we {hall forbear to enumerate them here, and give
you their feveral Appellations, juft going before their Sogylat Defcriptions , sind’ dat i? the follow- ing order. Keo , Ke SI Or ash vv —— ,
STS Ss WS ji
wee —— / * Ay SA) 3 As QA WS at So = NS
Soo ny, << ~ S
i ete
4 ~ . os a a = cath — Ma ltr “am \ Ge — Vy Ss ¥ AS N
Gilliflower.
Ill. The Defcriptions. 1. Caryopbyllus Hortenfis
“major Flore pleno miniato, The yellowifh red Gilli-
flower, called alfo Caryopby/lus Silefiacus, The Sile- fian Gilliflower, but it has been now fo long Planted in England, that it is become perfeétly a Native of our own Country, fee its Defcription at large in Chap. 139. Se&t. 6. aforegoing, which is alfo'a ge- neral Defcription to all the Titopving enumerated in this Chapter.
IV. 2. et major Weftmonafterienfis, The Gallant , or Weftminfler. Some would make this Flower to be two, one bigger than the other, o- thers again make it but one, it fhews at firft blow- ing open of the Flower, to be of a reafonable Size and Beauty, but after it has ftood blown fome time it fhews fmaller and thinner, it is ofa bright red Color, much ftriped and fpeckled with White.
cake eat Sag major Briftolienfis Purpureus, The Briftol Blew or Purple. \t has large green Leaves, fo large, that it would feem to bring forth a great- et Flower than it doth , yer the Flower is of an in- different Size, and very like unto the Ordinary Gra- nado Gilliflower, sas and flaked in the fame man- ner, but that the White of this is purer than that,
_and the Purple is more light, and tending to a Blew; s Flower does not abide conftant, but changes-in- « * RS a
AGA VLA MT #
VI. 4. Caryophyllus major Brifiolienfis Carneus » The Briftol Blufh. It is very like the laft both in Leaf and Flower, the Color only thews the differ- ence, which feldom varies, to be fpotted; or to change its Color.
VIL: 5. Caryophyllus major Cantij, The fair one of Kent, or Ruffing Robin, It is a very beautiful Flow- er, and almoft as large as-the White Carnation, the Flower is white, thick poudered with Purple, in which the White has the Maftery by much, which makes it fo much the more pleafant and dele€table.
VII. 6. Caryophyllus Silefiacus magnus, Caryophyl+ lus fulvus magnus, The great Tawney. It is tor form of growing, in Leaf and Flower altoneties like unto the Ordinary Tawney, the Flower only, becaufe it is the faireft and greateft, makes the difference , as alfo that it is of a deep Scarlet Color. .
IX. 7. Caryophyllus fatous vartabilis, The varia- ble Tawney. There are feveral Tawnies, fome light- er fome fadder, either lefS or more double, fo as they are fcarcely to be numbred, all rifing from fow- ing the Seed of fome of them, befides the diverfity of other Colors, both fimple and mixed, every Year and place yielding fome variety not feen before,which
I leave to curious Spettators to give proper. Names
to, as they fhall fee fir.
X.. 8. Caryophyllus major Carneus variabilis, The variable Bluth colored. . Of this there are many forts, as the deep Blufh, the oe Bluth, the Infants Blufh, the great Blufh, and the Blufh inclining toa Red; but the great Blufh is the faireft and moft double of all the other Blufhes, of which there are many, both fingle and double.
I. 9. Caryophyllus Ruber variabilis, The pariable Red. é¢ Reds there are fome varieties, but not fo many as of the other Colors, for as they are moft dead or deep Reds, and very few of a bright Red, or Stamel Color, fo neither Purple nor White rife from this Seed, that any one has obferved; they are either fingle, like Pinks, either ftriped or fpeckled , or more double, ftriped and fpeckled variably.
XII. 10. Caryopbyllus Heroina, dititus Elegans , The Lady, called the Beautiful or Noble. This may compare for Beauty with moft of the Gi//jfowers, the Flower is very neat and fine, tho” fmall, with a fine fmall jag, and of a fine white color on the under fide of all the Leaves, as alfo all the whole jag for a pretty compafS, and the bottom or middle
art of the Flower on the upper fide alfo, but each Poof is ofa fine bright pale red color on the upper fide, from the edge to the middle, which mixture is wonderfully deleCtable.
XII. 11. Caryophyllus major Regineus, The Queens Gilliflower. \t is a reafonable fair Flower, altho’ very common, and is ftriped Red and White, fome great and fome fimall, with long ftripes.
XIV. 12. Caryopbyllus major Carneus, Ihe Blufh Gilliflower. \t differs not much from the Red color- ed, or Stamel, as to its magnitude or form, but on- ly in the color of the Flower, which is Bluth.
XV. 13. Caryopbyllus Albus Londinenfis optimus major. The greater and beft London White Gilliflow- er. It is admirable to look upon, grows upright, and very double; the blades grow upright alfo, nor crawling on the Ground. he
XVI. 14. Caryophyllus Albus Londinenfis vulgas ris, The common White London Gilliflower. This is greater and whiter than the Common White Gillifiow- er, and is indeed wholly of one color.
XVIL 15. Caryopbyllus major Dorobornienfis Ru- ber, The Red Dover. It isa reafonable large Gi//i- flower, and conftant, being of a fair Red, thick pou- dered with white fpots, and fhews fomething like the Ground Carnation.
Xx it 16. Caryophyllus mae Pacober sien Di-
mp |
~ Mutu,
426
. Striped Tawney.
> Salmon’s
Litus, five Albus, The Light, or White Dover. \t is for form and all other things more beautiful or deleCtable than the former the color of the Flower is Bluth, thick {potted with very fimall fpots, that it feems all grey, and is very delightful to look on.
XIX. 17. Caryopbyllus major A ag ok The Brafi! Gilliflower. \t is but of a middle ize, being of a fad purple color, ‘thick poudered and fpeckled with White, the Purple therein is the chief, which makes it fhew the fadder, ir is unconftant, varying much, and often to be all purple; the green Leaves lye matting on the Ground. Ra
XX. 18. Curyopbyllus Rofeus rotundus, The round Gilliflower. tis of the Kindred of the Tawnies, being raifed from the Seed of fome of them, yet it is a ditterent fort from all others, in that its Leaves are round, without any jag at all upon the edges, of a fine Stamel full color, without any fpot or ftrake therein, very like unto a fmall Rofe, or rather much like unto the Red Rofé Campion, both for form, co- lor, and roundnefS, but larger for its
XXI. 19. cag Ya Silefiacus firiatus, The
t is either greater or leffer, deep-
er or lighter in its Flowers, there being above twen- ty vacieties of them, all ftriped with f{maller or lar- ger {tripes, or equally divided, ofa deeper or light- er color; and fome alfo for the fhape or form will be more near, clofe and round, others more looft and unequal,
XXII. 20. Caryophyllus Silefiacus punttatus, The Speckled Tawney. \t is of divers forts, fome bigger
ome lef§, fome.more and fome lefS fpotted than |
others, ufually it is of a deep Scarlet {peckled or {potted’ with White, having alfo fome f{tripes among the Leaves, and fome more ftriped than others.
XXIII. 21. Caryophyllus major Elegans, The De- licate or Deleable. tis a noble fine Flower, altho” it be not great, and for the fimallnefs and thinnef$ of the Flower, being red, fo finely marked, ftri and fpeckled, that tor the livelinef§ of the Colors, ic becomes delettable to the Eye, and much to be defired, being inferior to very tew Gilliflowers.
XXIV. 22. Caryophyllus major Granatenfis , The Granalo Gillflower. (tis Purple and White, fla- ked and ftriped very much, this is alfo much fub- jet to change Purple: there is of this Kind a grear- er anda lefler, befides the greateft, which is former- ly defcribed.
XXV. 22. Caryophyllus Siléfiacus Plumatus, The Feathered Tawaey. This is more rare to meet with than many of the others, ic is moft ufually a fair large Flower, and double, equalling the Lumbard Red in its perteftion, the Color hereof is commonly a Scarlet, a little deeper or paler, very curioufl Feathered, and Streamed with White thro’ the whole Leaf.
XXVI. 24. Caryophyllus Silefiacus Marmor emu- lans, The Marbled Tawney. This has not fo many varieties as the Striped, but is of as great beauty, and as dele€table as it, or more, the Flowers are gieater or fimaller, deeper or lighter colored one than another, and the Veins or Marks more confpi- cuous, or more frequent in fome than in others; but the moft beautiful of all is the Prince/s following.
XXVIII. 25. Heroina Forum Rudolphi Imperato- ris, Lhe Prince/s. This is the greateft and faireft ot all thefe forts of Variable Tawnies, or Seed Flow- ers, being as large fully as the Prince or Cryftal, or fomething greater, ftanding comly and round, not loole or fhaken, or breaking the Pod or Husk, as fome other forts will; the marking of the Flowers is in this manner, it is of a Stamel Color, ftriped and marbled, with white Se and Veins quite thro’ every Leaf, which are as deeply j as the
Hilo, fometimes it has more Red than White, and
Herbal. ‘Lib
fometimes more White than Red, and fometimes fo equally matched or marked, that you cannot diftern which is moft; yet which of thefe has the Pree. nance, the Flower is ftill very beautiful and delight. ful to behold.
XXVIL. 26. Caryophyllus Silefiacus a ‘ulofus, The flaked Tawney. This is another diverfity of thefe variable or mixt colored Flowers, being of a reddifh color, faked with White, not always down right, but oftentimes athwart the Leaves, fome more or lefS than others, the marking of them is much like the Cry/ta/, thefe alfo, as well as the will be greater or fmaller, and of greater or lefler beauty than others. gt
XXIX. 27. ies Turcicus, The Turky Gilliflower. This is but a finall Flower, but of great delight, by reafon of the well marking of the hep being moft equally ftriped with Red and
ite.
XXX. 28. Caryophyllus purpureo ceruleus, The blew Gilliflower. This is ‘neither very double nor - very great, yet round and handfom, ee jag at the edge, and is of an exceeding deep bi Color, tending to a Tawney, it differs from all o- ther forts, in that the Leaf is as green as Grafs, and the Stalks many times Red or Purple; by the green Leaves it may be known in the Winter as well as "ER oc cphyltus Cambrenfis P.
- 29. Ca Hus Cambrenfis Poole, The Cambrey, or Boole Howser. Tt grows naturally upon the Rocks, near Cog/hot Caftle, in the Ile of Wight, : is a fimall Flower, but very dele€table to the Eye, ; becaufe of the fweet and beautiful ig se there of; it is of a bright pale Red, thick ipeckled, and very {mall, with White, fo that it feems to be but one color, the Leaves of the Flower are but finally jaeged about, and it keeps conftant to its form.
XXII. 30. Caryopbyllus Perfico Violaceus , The Gredeline Gilliflower. It is a very neat and hand- fom Flower, of the bignefS of the Red Clove-Gilli- lower, of a fine pale reddifh Purple, or Peach Co- lor, enclining to a Blew or Violet, which is Color which is ufually called a Gredeline Color; it has no affinity with either Purple, Granade, or Pa- geant. :
XXXII. 31. Caryophyllus Pegma dilutior, The light or pale Pane ‘3 t is a Flower of a middle fize, very pleafant to behold, and is both conftant — and beautiful, if it was not fo common, it would much more valued than it is; the Flower is of a pale bright Purple, thick poudered, and v with White, which has the Maftery, much the more pleafant and graceful. 205°
XXXIV. 32. Coryophyllus Purpureus major 6 mi- nor, The Purple Gilliflower greater and leer. The Stalk of it is fo flender , and the Leaves upon it fo many and thick, that it lyes and trails on the Ground, wt the greateft is almoft as large as the Gy/ta/, butnot fo double, the leffer has a fmmaller Flower,
XXXV. 33. Ceryophyllus Pegma faturatior, ‘The Sad or deep colored Pageant. It is the fame with the former in Se€t. 33. aforegoing as to its form and bignefS, the difference is chiefly in the Color, a the Purple in this is the chief, which makes it fo fad, that it refembles the Brafi'for color, butnot fo large as it by half. Mey
XXXVL 34. Caryophyllus ruber major & minor, The Stamel Gilliflower greater and leffer. \ known, almoft to every Body, and differs the Common Red Clovegilliflower, but only ing of a brighter or light red color; of t there is both a greater and a lefler.
XXXVIL The Ploces: Thefe al Gardens of Induftrious Florifts in mai
Kingdom, and are to be found in the Flower Gar- | ftored with Down, and long whitith Seed therein having on the head of every one fome part of the XXXVIUI. The Times. They begin to Flower Down g. srhieh (if Ray
dens of moft other parts of Ewrope.
about the end of Fume, and keep on Flowering thro’} the
all Fuly and Auguft, and many times thro’ all Sep- tember, even almoft to the latter end of Ofober, if the Weather is mild. XXXIX. The Qualities , Specification, Prepara- tions and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the - Clovegilliflower in Chap. 139. from Sekt. 9. to Set. 20. to which I refer you; but thefe wanting that wonderful deep Red, cannot give fo admirable a Tin€ture toa Syrup, as the Clovegilliflower can do, and therefore (tho’ full as Cordial, yet) are lefs ufed in Phyfick. XL. Nota. It is faid by our Moderns, that none of thefe Flowers were in the leaft known to the An- cients, and yet fome will have them to be the Can-
tabrica Plimij, others to be the Ipbium ny is Gar-
mentioned in Lib. 6, Cap. 6. and 7. among den and Summer Flowers; others to be his Dios An- thos, or Flos Fours, mentioned in the former and o- ther places; we will not determine the Controver- fie, but leave every one to his Conjettures.
GLADDON Stinking. See FLOWER- DELUCE Wild Chap. 294, GLADIOLUS. See CORN-FLAG Chap. 154.
C HAP. CCCXIX.
of GOATS-BEARD, OR, NOON-FLOWER.
I.’ HE Names. Itis called in Greek Tesymiyr,
% Texpmdzar, in Latin Tragopogon, Barba Hirci, Barbula Hirci, alfo Teesvremw yor, Barba Senis, in Englifh Goats-Beard, Noon-Flower, Noon-Tide , Fofepbs Flower, and Star of Ferufalem.
Il. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds hereof, viz. 1. Tragopogon luteum, Garden Yellow Goats- Beard. 2. Tragopogon purpureum, Purple Goats- Beard. 3. Tragopogon luteum anguftifolium, Com- mon Goats-Beard with narrow Leaves. 4. Trago- pogon Flore ceruleo, Blew Goats-Beard. 5. Trago- pogon Apulum fuave rubens, Tragopogon America- num, American or Rofe colored Goats-Beard. There are five or fix other Kinds, but not being found growing in our Country, or in our Gardens, nor in any of our American Plantations, we fhall here pafs them by.
Il. The Deferiptions. The firft, or Garden Yel- low Goats-Beard, has a Root which a long and round, Somewhat like unto a Parfnep, but far fmaller, black- ih on the outfide and white within, which being bro- ken yields a milky Fuice, as all the reft of the Plant does, and of avery good and peefon tafte, from which Root rifes up a’‘Stalk, or Stalks, of two or three Feet high, {mooth and hollow, bearing many
long and narrow Leaves, broader at the bottom, and.
oes the end, with a ridge down the back of the , and of a pale geen color; the higher thefe Leaves grow on the Stalks, the fimaller and fhorter they are, and at the tops on every Branch “grows a great double yellow Flower, like almoft to the Flower of a Dandelion, which turns into a head,
Goats-Beard Yellom.
=< Nl — aS — |} W] | J
/ NY hes a\y | 14 « f N }
—=———
|
IV. The fecond, or Purple Goats-Beard, has « Root which is long and fingle, (much like to the for- mer) with fome few Threads thereto adjoining, which perifbes when it bas perl its Seed, yielding a great quantity of a milky Fuice when it is cut or bra- ken, as does all the reft of the Plant, from whence rifes a hollow Stalk, or Stalks, fmooth, and of a whitith green color, which fpreads it felf out into other Branches, on which Stalks and Branches do grow long Leaves, crefted down the middle with a {welling Rib, and fharp pointed, yielding a milky Juice when it is broken, and are in fhape like thofe of Garlick; from the bottom of which Leaves {mall tender Stalks {pring forth, fet with the like Leaves, but leffer, the Flowers grow at the tops of the Stalks , confifting of a number of Purple Leaves, dafhed over, as it-were, with a little yellow dutft, fet about with nine or ten fharp pointed green Leaves; the whole Flower refembles a Star when it is fpread abroad , for it fhuts its felf ac Twelve of the Clock, and {hews not its open face until the next days Sun doth make it fpread its felf, or open again, for which reafon it was called Noon-Flower, and by fome go to Bed at Noon: when thefe Flow- ers are come to their full maturity, they grow intoa Downy Head, like thofe of Dazdelion, which is carried away with the Wind; the Seed is long, ha- ving at its upper end fome fmall portion of that downy matter faftned to it.
V. The third, or Common Goats-Beard with nar- row Leaves, is very much like to the firft Yellow Kind, it bas @ thick Root full of a milky Sap, from which rifes up many goo. véad upon the Ground, very long, narrow, thin, and like unto thofe of Grafs, faving, that they are thicker and grofer; from a- mong which -rife up tender Stalks, on the tops of
Liia2z which
a
is carried away with
428 = Gimany hlekbal,o. Lib. |
= oy
which do jtand tair double yellow Flowers , like to the fitit afore deferibed, but leffer, the whole Plant yields ‘a milky Juice, as the others do; it perifhes alfo as the others do, after it has perfeCted its Seed ; indeed it is very much like to the former Yellow Kind, butthat it is hot fo great, nor tifes fo high, has much narrower Leaves, even liketo Gra/s, and almoft as long, but not fo manifold, the Flower on- ly diffeting in its magnitude, as aforefaid.
VI. The fourth, or Blew Goats-Beard, bas a Root which # long, and not very great, perifbing as foon as it bay born Seed, {pringing up again of the falling
‘
| Seed, and fo remaining green allWinter, and Flow-
ering the next Year following. From this Root rifes up a Stalk greater and ftronger than that of Scorzo- nera, ox Vipers-Grafs , it is replenifhed with long, narrow, and fomewhat hollow, whitifh green Leaves, with a white Line down the middle of every one,
on the upper-fide; at the top of the Stalk grows: a great long Head or Husk, compofed of nine or ten long narrow Leaves, the {harp points or ends of
which rife up above the Flower in the middle, which is thick and double, fomewhat broad and large f{pread, of a blewifh Afh Color, with fome whitifh Threads
among them, fhutting or clofing it felf within the
green Husk every day at Noon, (for fo long time as the Flowers continue) and not opening again un- til the next Morning ; after the Flower is paft, the Head or Husk, the Seed being near ripe, opens it felf, the long Leaves thereof, which clofed not be-
fore now, falling down round about the Stalk, and
fhewing the Seed, ftanding at the firft clofe together, and the Down at the top-of them, but after a while it fpreads it felf round, and if not gathered, will be catried away with the Wind; the Seed is long, round, and rough, like the Seed of Vipere-Graft? but greater and blacker.
vil The fifth, or American, or Rofe colored Goats-Beard, has a Root which is long and flender, and is the fmatlef? Root of all the Goats-Beards,. white downwards, and fomewhat hard, but more reddifh at the top, which fends forth many long and narrow Leaves, like unto Grafs, with a white Line in the
’ middle of them, fmooth and foft if you ftroak them
upwards, but as rough as Barley Leaves ftroaking them downwards, and broadeft at their joining to the Stalk, the Stalk is about two Feet high, fearce- ly dividing it felf into any Branches, but bears at the top one great and large head, (which is great in refpett to the Plant) parted into eight long Leaves or Beards, in the middle of which is the Flower, confifting of ten or twelve Leaves, of a pale pur- ple, or rather of a blufh color, near unto a Damask Rofe, having feveral blackifh blew Threads in the middle, with a mealy duft upon them, which being pait, the Head or Husk grows fomewhat narrow,with a long Neck, containing within it the Seed, which is not fafhioned into a round Globe like form, with Down at the heads of the feveral Seeds, as in all the former, but it has five longer and greater Seeds on the ourfide, with little or no Down at the ends of them, and fome lefler Seeds in the middle, which h ve a little Down on their heads, being yellowifh and {mooth, but the leaft of all others.
VIII. An Obfervation. Thefe Goats-Beards are very like to the Scorzonera’s, or Vipers-Graffes, in their outward form and manner of growing, and therefore are Species ejufdem generis, but the Tra- gopegon, or Gouts-Beard, is the Genus or Standard, and the Scorzonera’s are Species of the General Kind, but herein they chiefly ditter, that whereas all the forts of Tragopogon’s are Annual Plants, perifhing every Year, afier they have born their Seed; it is certain that all the forts of Scorzonera’s are Perenni-
al Plants, enduring after Seed time for Year as is their proper place we {hall hecediineed “lang, declare. ~ Ba a 4a IX. The Places. The firft and thitd grow in Gar. dens with us, but are alfo found wild in many pla- ces of this Land Gerard fays they. grbWwein Men dows and Fertile Paftures in moft places of England, they grow plentifully in moft of the Fields abo London, as at Iflington , and in the Meadows by Redriff, Deptford, and Putney, and in divers other places; the third is found in Meadows (as aforefaid) about London, and many other places of the King- dom, but not fo plentifully’ as ‘the firft Kind, the fecond, or Purple Kind, came to us from Italy ' where it is faid to grow wild; it has alfo been found rowing wild in fome parts of Lancafhire, on the anks of the River Cha/der, near to the Houfe for merly the fe Sige two Miles from Whaley, but it is now Sown in Gardens almoft every where, for the beauty of the Flowers; the fourth, or Blew Kind, came to us alfo out of Ita/y, where it is fup: pofed to grow wild, but with us is only nurft up in Gardens, for its pleafant Flowers; the fifth Kindis found growing on the Hills in Naples, as Column reports, and I have found it growing wild in feve: ral parts of Florida, but with us in England itis purely a Garden Plant. PA X. The Times. They all of them Flower from the latter end of May thro’ all Fume and Fuly, and the Seed comes to tie in the mean time, be: ing ripe in Fuly and Auguft. ~ : XI. The Qualities. Goats-Beard is temperate in refpect of heat or cold, drinefS or moifture, a little Aftringent, Stomatick, Hepatick , Alexipharmick, and NIL The Specification: "They areall Reflomtves . The Specification. rare all Reltoratiy in Confumptions, and expel Gravel Bom ah Rens SIL The P Y have thee . Lhe Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. The boiled Roo.s, or Roots oan a. ADe cottion. 3. A diftilled Water from the Root. 4 Sanguis, or Blood of the Root , there being no other part of the Plant ufed. 3%
The Virtues.
XIV. The Root it feif. The Roots of any of the Kinds being boiled , but more efpecially of the firlt Yellow Kind, and of the third alfo, and dreffed as Parfneps, are much more delicate and pleafant to the Talte in eating, they comfort the Stomach, are good againft Heart-burnings, ftrengthen the whole Body, and reftore in Confumptions; the Roots of the Yellow Kind are many times eaten raw, as a Sal- let, being fliced , and fo eaten with Peprel, Salt, and Vinegar, by which means the Stomach is alfo {trengthened, and they are reftored which are id into a Confumption, or are become Spare and Lean by long SicknefS; the Ye//ow Kinds are chiefly uled as Parfneps, and for Salleting; the other Kindsare not altogether fo fit for that purpofe, being more bitter, aftringent, and abfterfive, having a more clean- fing and binding quality than the others have, and therefore are moftly ufed in a Medicinal way; the Yellow Kinds make a pleafant Dith of Food, i pafling the Par/nep. tel
XV. The Decottion. It is good againft of the Stomach, and to expel the malignil Plague, and all forts of Peftilential Difeafess vails againft Heartburnings, and a dejetted inciting and ftirring it up; and it is g gainit Affects of the Breaft, Liver, F and Bladder, expelling Sand, Grav Tartarous Matter from thofé parts, for w the Izahans call it Safi Krica, Break-S
“ha
Chap. 320,
a ty
ons, being conftantl
nerous Wine.
*
C H A P. CCCXX.
of GOAT S-RUE, OR, GOATS-HERB.
I. HE Names. It ts.an Herb which was un-
known to the Greeks, but is called by the
Latins Galega, and Ruta Capraria , fome have erro- P nioufly called it Gralega , and Fracaftorius called it Herba Gallica , and fome only Capraria, (from the Goats eating it) fome call it Thorina, or Taurina , Sarracena, and Capragina, alfo Giarga, as Braffavo- /us faith, and by us in English Goats-Rue. Il. The Kinds. -There are two Kinds of this . Plant, viz. 1. Galega vulgaris, Ruta Capraria vul- garis, Our Common Goats-Rue. 2. Galega Mon- tana Dalechampij Lugdunenfis, Mountain Goats- Rue.
SSW LL, S Uist 4
SNS AWWW rj “ ) . ». ; \ y WJ
——=>
y q \ Mh UY > LU
ALS
Iil. The Deferiptions. The firft, 6» Common Goars-Rue, bas a Root which w@ white and Woody
) Enghifh Herbs. a
XVL The Diftilled Water. Tragus fays it is the moft prefent Remedy that is, to help or break inward Apottems ,*and to give Relief in the Pleurifie, and other Pains and Stitches in the Sides, to help the Heartburn , ftrengthen the Stomach, and ftir up
VII. Sanguis, or, The Blood of the Roots. Itis made as that of Satyrio, Parfnep , Comfrey, &e. and has all the Virtues of the boiled Root, Deco- tion, or Diftilled Water, it is indeed a moft excel- lent thing to reftore fuch as are in deep Confumpti- taken Morning, Noon, and Night, for fome confiderable time, with Milk warm from the Cow, and fometimes with a Glaf$ of Ge-
429
/preading well in the Ground, and abiding fever! Years; from this Root come forth many round ha Stalks, four or five Feet high, on which grow on€ above another at feveral Joints, long winged Leaves, vig. many fimaller Leaves fet on each fide of a mid- dle Rib, which Leaves are fmall, yet fomewhat broad and long, and fharp pointed at the ends, and {mooth on the edges, without any dents, fomething . like unto the Leaves of Vetches or Tares, and of a faint green color; at the tops cf the Stalks ftand many {imall Leguminous Flowers, one above another, - - of a pale blewith purple color, and in fome Plants — white, which being pait away, {mall round
‘ods or Cods come in their places, about an Inch and half long , a little bunched out in fome places, but nothing fo much as the Orebws, or Bitter Vetch, _ in which lye three, four, or five pale Seeds, like unto thofe of the Vetch or Tare.
IV. The fecond, or Mountain Kind, bas a Root which is fomewhat great and black, fending forth ve- ry long Strings, whereby it Roots its felf deep in the Ground , from which feveral round hard Stalks {hoot forth, but nothing fo high as the former, .on which grow fuch like winged Leaves at every Joint, but broader; and thicker fet together, {mooth alfo onthe _ edges, but having the middle Rib of every Leaf rai- fed up a little high; ar the tops of the Stalks ftand divers fuch like Flowers as the former, but all on one fide, of a pale color, tending to yellow, which after- wards yield fmall long blackifh Pods, in which lye . finall flatifh Seed, like to Lenti/s. ie
V. The Places. The firft grows commonly wild by the Way fides of moift Fields and Meadows in Italy, Savoy, and other Southern Climates; it is al- fo found growing wild in Exg/and, as in the Mea- dows by Liaton in Cambridgfhire: the fecond grows on the tops of Mountains, where any Planes are found; and I am informed by a very good Botanift, that he has met with it upon fome of the Mountains in Wales.
VI. The Times. They Flower about the latter end of Fuze, and thro’ all Fu/y, and the Seed is ripe in Augu/t.
VII. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpect of heat and cold, drinefS and moifture; it is Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Carminative, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick , and Cardiack , Sudorifick , and Alexi- pharmick.
VIII. The Specification. It cures all forts of Poy- fons, whether inwardly taken, or outwardly recei- ved, by the Bitings of Serpents, as Vipers, Rattle- Snakes, or other venomous Creatures; or impreffed by Contagion, as that of the Plague, Spotted Fever, or any other kind of Peftilential Diftemper.
IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A Sallet of the Herb. 2. A Liquid Fuice. 3. An Effence. 4. An Infufion or Decottion in Wine or Water. 5. An Elettuary. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Diftilled Water. 8. An Acid Iinture. 9. AnOily . Tinfure. 10, A Spirituous Tinture.
The Virtues:
X. The Sallet. The Herb it felf is eaten, being boiled with Flefh, as we ufe to boil and eat Cubbage and Coleworts ; it is alfo eaten as boiled Spinage, and other Sallets, with Pepper, Salt, Vinegar and Oil, and being fo eaten, it is faid to be excellent againft all forts of Poyfons, and the malignity or intection of the Plague or Pettilence, or the Bitings of venom- ous Creatures, &c.. ‘
XI. The Liguid Fuice. It is effeCtual againft the Biting of Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, or other Serpents, Bitings of Mad Dogs, the Stinging ot Scorpions,
ot
420 Salmon’s
or the Poyfon of other venomous Creatures; it is alfo effe€tual againft Vegetable Poyfons, as alfo the ee oe of the Plague, or Peftilence it felf, and the infection of other Peftilential or Contagious Dif- eafes, as Purples, Meafles, Small Pox, Spotted Fe- ver, and Calenture; againft all thefe Dikates it is admirable , for it both preferves ftom the infeCtion, and perfe&tly, cures fuch as are infected; Dofe two or three Spoonfuls every Morning fafting in a Glafs of Generous Wine, and as much at Night going to Bed, by way of prevention; but for Cure, it ought to be given in Avgelica Water, in'the fame, or Iar- el Dofe, according to the Age and Condition of the
atient, and to be repeated as often as the exigency or vehemency of the Difeafe requires. This Taite given alfo in a Morning fafting, kills Worms in Children, or Elder People, and’ cures the Falling- SicknefS if given before it grows too old and ftrong upon the Patient: when it is given in the Plague, ©c. Bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, €c. the Patients ought to be in their Naked Bed, and made to Sweat thereupon for two or three Hours or more together.
XIL The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, but a€&ts more {peedily and powerful- ly, it expels the Poyfon and ——s by Perfpira- tion, and fo defends the Heart and Vital Powers ; it is an extraordinary thing to cleanfe, and heal gteen Wounds, as alfo old and running Ulcers, pu- trid Sores, and virulent Fiftula’s, deftroying the ma- lignity, hindring their eating and {preading, and de- fending the Principal Parts and Vital Powers from danger; it is a fingular good Cordial, fu — Vapors, refifts Melancholy is good againft Trem- blings and Convulfions, prevails againit Swooning Fits, revives the Spirits, and chears the Heart, pre- ferving it from Palpitations, and other illneffes which oppreis it, Dofe one or two Spoonfiuls in a Glafs of Canary, or other fit Vehicle.
XUL The Infufion or Decottion in Wine or Water. Either of them may be given in all the Cafes in which the Juice or Effence are given in, but as they are much weaker in their Effe€ts, fo they muft be given in much greater Dofe, as ftom a Quarter of a Pint to Half a Pint, and alfo to be oftener repeated, as the neceflity may require.
XIV. The Elettuary. Take Pouder of Goats-Rue four Ounces, Zedoary in Pouder, Contra-yerva, Vir- ginia Snake-rcot, all in fine Pouder, of each one Ounce, Saffron, Cochenele, of each two Drams, Rob of Goats- Rae twenty Ounces, mix and make an Elettuary. It is good againft all forts of Poyfons, both Vegetable and Animal, as alfo againft the Plague, and all other infettious Difeafes, and has indeed all the Virtues of the Liquid Effence and Fuice,; Dofe from one Dram to two Drams, in any proper Vehicle.
XV. The Cataplafm. It is made of the bruifed Herb, fryed or made hot with Vinegar, and then brought to a confiftence with Mithridate and Pouder of Bay Berries, adding alfo a little Aloes in fine Pouder; applied to the Region of the Heart, ir is good whe the infection of the Plague, and other malign Difeafes; applied to the Navel, and over the whole Abdomen, it eafes the Cholick, and is very effeftual to kill Worms in Children; applied to,-and bound pretty hard upon the Pulfes of the Writfts, it is good againft remitting Fevers, and cures Agues of all forts, hindring their return; applied to putrid and malign Ulcers, it cleanfes them, deftroys the malignity, {tops the Hux of Humors, dries them, and in a very great meafure induces their healing; applied to Gangreens it ftops their proceeding.
XVI. The Diffilled Water. Ic has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but in a much lower d ) and therefore muft be given in a much larger Dofe; however it is ufed as a Vebicu/um to convey the for-
.
Herbal. Lib. 1.
mer Preparation in, where the Phyfician thall Judge 4 Wine to be too hot ; to nice and delicate Palates the Diftilled Water is oftner given than ¢ither Juice or
‘ffence. XVII. The Acid TinGure. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, whether inwardly taken, or outwardly applied; it is a Specifick againtt the Plague, as alfo againft all other Malign and Peftilen- tial Difeafes, and cures the moft violent burning Fe- vets in a very fhort time, taking away the violence of their burning heat in the fpace of an Hour, Dofé fo many drops as to make the Vehicle pleafantly tap, and to be given in all that the Patient
n
XVIIL. The Oily Tinfure. It is good againft the . Bitings of Venomous Creatures, being taken ftom ten to twenty drops in oy proper Vehicle; it is al- ! fo good againft Convulfions, Palfies, Lamenefg, ¢ Numbednefs, Tremblings, weaknefS of the extream , parts, Gripings of the Bowels, Wi as Grae Vel, Sand, and Tartarous Matter obftruéting the Urinary parts, as alfo againft the Colick, Gout in plants, s, Hips, Knees, or Feet, being inward- y taken, and outwardly applied to the parts affett- ed, as the Skilful Phyfician fhall dire&t; inthePale —> fie, befides giving it inwardly, and applying itto = the affli€ted parts, it ought alfo to be anointed upon the Back Bone every Morning and Evening. 6
XIX. The Spirituous Tintture. Vt has all the Virtues of the ‘oles, Effence, and EleCtuary, and as it is finer and more Spirituous, fo it is more fub- a til and penetrating, and when dulcified with double ‘ tefined Sugar, more Diatiore tobetaken, andamore delicate Cordial, and therefore more fit to be given to the more curious and nice Pala@s; it may be ta- ken a Spoonful or more at a time, (as you may fee convenient) either alone by it felf, or mixt with fome other Vehicle , as Canary , White Lesbo, ot other like Generous Wines; it is indeed an excellent thing againft SicknefS at Heart, as alfo againft Faint- ing and Swooning Fits; it is indeed fas againft all cold and moift Difeafes of the Head, Brain, Nerves, Joints, Bowels, Reins, and Womb; it re- ctifies and enlivens the depauperated Juices, revives the Spirits, tho’ never fo much o > and gives relief in the moft profound Melancholy ; it is good againft a Vertigo, and Megrim, and is excellent a-_ pt a Coma, Carus, and Lethargy, or where the
atient is inclined to Sleepinef$ and nefS; and
if it is given with a few drops of the Acid Tincture, ee es Vapors, and y cures Fits of the
other. et
CH AP. COCKE |
of GOATS-~-STONES, OR, ‘ e HARES-STONES.
LS" HE Nemes. ie rine e-clicdas f ; Texyoous : in Latin, Tragorchis, Tefli Hircinus, Scincophora, and Orde Tear lifh nae ee and Hares-flones. Il. The inds. There ase two (princip hereof, viz. 1. Tragorchis mas, Tefti me ie hora mas, The bin ragorchis femina, Scincophora faemina, The: Goats-ftones. Thefe Orchides are thus nan : aD ig
cee) . Kee * Ag’
O
. cr, Chap. 321. Enxglifh Herbs. 421 only becaufe they have a foul ftrong Scent, like that of the Goat, burt alfo that moft of them have long Tails, like Beards, hanging down ftom them.
Ii]. OF the Male kind, which is the Greater Goats-ftones, there are two Species, vis. 1. Tra- gorchis mas maxima, The greateft Male Goats-ftones. 2. Tragorchis mas magna, Tragorchis vulgaris mag- na, The common great Goats-ftones.
IV. Of the Female kind, which is the Leffer Goats-flones, there are three Species, viz. 1. Tra- gorchis fomina minor, Tragorchis minor verior, The true leffer Goats-ftones. 2. Tragorcbis Bata- vica Clufii, Tragorchis minor Batavica, The Dutch Goats-ftones, or Hares-{tones. 3. Tragorchis minor Aufiriaca, Tragorchis altera purpurea, Auftrian Goats-{tones, Goats-ftones with purple Flowers.
V. The Defcriptions. The fir/t, or Greateft Male Goats-ftones, bas Roots confifting of two Tefticles, like to other Orchides, but greater, from whence rife up Leaves, lying upon the Ground, which are broad, large, and ribbed in fome fort like to our Plantane, but fomewhbat fhorter. From among thefe Leaves grows up a Stalk, about half'a yard high, fet with fuch like great Leaves, but growing a little narrow- er as they grow higher, growing up even to the top of the Stalk by equal Diftances. The Bufh of Flow- ers grows at top of the Stalk in Spike-fafhion: the] Flowers are finall and flat, open, and wholly of a purple color, fet in a Row, and in an excellent Or- der ; each Flower has a long crooked Thread or String proceeding ftom its middle part, and hanging down, which twine themfelves one in another, like to the fmall Tendrils of the Vine, or rather the Laces or ke which grow upon the Herb Savory :
both the Hood and the Tail are fpotted, and have a {trong Scent. ?
mer, faving that the Tejircles are fomething lefs ; from whence pring up Leaves, like to thofe of the Garden Lilly, with a Stalk a Foot or more long, wrapped about, even to the Taft of the klowers wub thofe kinds of Leaves : the Flowers which grow in this Bufh, {hoor forth in a Spike Form, and are ve- ry fmall, in Form like to a Lizard, betaufe of the twifted or writhen Tails, and fpotted Heads. Eve- ry one of thefe fmall Flowers is at firft like a rouid clofe Husk, of the BignefS of a Pea; which, when it opens, there comes out of it a little, long and- tender Spur or Tail, white towards the f€tting of ic to the Flower ; the reft fpotred with red Dufhes, having upon each fide a fimall thing adjoining unso it, liketo a Leg or Foot: the reft of the {aid Tail is twifted crookedly about, and hangs downwards. The Leaves of this fort are indeed longer and nar- rower than the former; the Flowers are {maller, whiter, and {potted with reddifh Spots, and the Tails are more twining. The whole Plant is as {trong as the firft, and has a rank, ftinking Smell or Savor, like the Smell of a Goat, from whence this, as well as the former and all the following, have derived their, Names.
Great Common Goats-ftones. '
—_—_ S
—— _—
VIL. The third, or True leffer Goats-{tones, has its Root or Tefticles much lefs than either of the for- mer, with feveral narrower and long Leaves (a litle ribbed ) rifing from the fame, which do as it were enclofe a fingle Stalk, which is alfo enclofed about with like but fmaller Leaves, to the beginning of the piked Head of Flowers. Thefe Leaves are much lefS than thofe of the two firft deftribed , and the Flowers are without Spurs or Tails, and fomewhat like in Shape to thofe Infe€ts called Sows or Wood Lice for their Proportion, and they are fomewhat of a brownifh color. Gerard fays, That the blowers much refemble our common Flefh Flies. The Smell of the whole Plant does much more refemble the rank Smell of a Goat, than any of the other
*
VI. The fecond, or Common great Goats-ftones, has a double tuberous or tefticulous Root, like the for-
VII. The
32
Vill: The fourth, or Durch Goats-ftones, is a very {mall Plant, not much above a Span long or in Height, having a finall tefticulous Root, like the laft : from which rifes up a Stalk eight or nine Inches high, having three or four Leaves encompaffing it. The top of the Stalk ends in a fmall fpiked Head of Flowers, of a fine purplith red color on the in- file; and paler without, having a Belly or Lip hanging down, which is terminated in three fhort and equal parts. ,
IX. The fifth, or Auftrian Goats-ftones, bas, like all the former, a tefticulous Root, which fends forth Lilly “ke Leaves, of a pale green color, with fome Smaller about the Stalk, which is about a Span bigh: towards the top it has a fpiked Head of Flowers, which are either of a whitifh or pale color, with- out any Spots, or elfé purple, with fome purple Leaves under them, each of which is hooded and eared, with a hanging Belly, notched as it were at the bottom. The whole Plant fmells of a rank Goat like Smell, for which Reafon it is brought into the Claffis or Rank with the four former.
X. The Places. All the forts grow chiefly in fat
Clay Grounds, and are feldom to be found in any } other Soil. The fourth has been found not only in]. England, but alfo in Holland about the Hague ; as}
alfo in other Parts, about their Sea-Coafts. The laft is a Native of Az/tria, and hot to be found with us, except in Gardens of the moft exa& Florifts.
XI. The Times. The er in when other kinds of Orelides flower.
XII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the fame with the Cyzo/orchides or Dogs-flones in Chap. 226. aforegoing, fo that no more need be faid thereof in this place: but Lug- dunenfis from Dodoneus fays, That the Roots of thefe Orchides are preferable to all others.
CHA P. CCCXXIL
LD--LOCKS, 2. R, ye - GOLDEN-TUFTS.
of GO
Sh | L HE Names. tis called inGreek, Xeuooxsuns : in Latin, Chryfocome, and Coma aurea; and in Englifh, Gold-locks, or Golden-tufts.
Il. The Kinds. Authors make feveral forts here- of, but the following three are chief, viz. 1. Chry- focome verior, Coma aurea Diofcoridis, The true Gold-locks of Diofcorides. 2. Chryfocome lutea,
Coma aurea, €& Amaranthus luteus Lobel & Fuch/fi, |
Yellow Tufts, or Caffidony. 3. Chryfocome peregri- na fecunda Clufit, Chryfocome Cretica altera, Wild Gold-tufts. The firft of thefé is doubtlefS the T7we Chryfocome of Diofcorides and Pliny ; but is called by feveral other Names by later Authors, as, Lina- ria aurea Tragi, Linaria auftriaca Cameraru, Ofyris auftriaca Cluftt, Linofyris nuperorum Lobelit, &c.
Ill. The Deferiptions. The fir/t, or True Gold- locks of Diofcorides, bas a Root which is bard and sooody, at its Head shooting forth many blackifh F:- bres into the Ground. From this Root {pring forth many bard round Stalks, balf a Yard bigh, fomewhat thick fet, but unorderly, with narrow, long, green Leaves up to the tops, where they branch forth into
Salmon’s Herbal.
May and. Fume
Small, flender Root, black and ‘woody,
}and confifting of many Threads or Thew ,
c ? fa) its +< ye > \
re
Lib. |.
divers fmall Sprigs, with finaller and fhorter Leayes thereon than on thofe below, and bearing round Heads of Flowers, compofed of Gold-yellow Threads, rifing from the middle of a few green Leaves, which are as a Husk to each of them, an abiding a long time in Flower, and alfo in their full Beauty ; but Columna fays thefe Flowers laft not full out a Month, at the end of which per" fading, they turn into Down, which, with the yellow Seed, of a greyifh color, flies away with the Wind, The Stalks die and perifh yearly, and new ones rife up again in the Spring.
True Gold-locks of Diofcorides.
¢
t {{~~< \ i), Ath SNS \\ ! = y, 4 a api | Ny y ,
Se i%
IV. The fecon, or Yellow Tufts, re a it ; from which fpring up one or more Stalks, eightor
Flowers appear in Umbles, each Branch bearing =
Plant is of a {trong fweet fant. Sie ee Meir V. The third, or Wild Gold-tufts, asa lang, a A. many Fibres adjoining thereto, from whence up fometimes but one Stalk, , and fe " growing up to be abouthalf a Yard high, covert with an hoary Down, having feveral long and 2 Leaves on them, fometimes ‘ifperfedly fometimes more near together, green on tf. fide, and hoary underneath ; at the to Branches, bearing one or two ffaly long Heads yellow Flowers, fomewhat like pa © of Mau
Chap. 222. Englifh Herbs. 5 | 433
woolly Leaf of this Plant refembles Grapha/ium | Italy, but alfo in feveral places of Germaiy, in moift; vulgare, but that it is fomewhat broader in the mid- dle. The Flowers grow cluftering together be
the tops of the Branches, of a yellow color, a moft like thofe of Maxdlin, as aforefaid.
VI.. Note 1. Thefe Plants are known alfo by the Name of Golden Flower Gentle , and by reafon of the long continuance of its Flower in Perfettion, they .are alfo called f but more efpecially the firft
verlafting, and Flower Ever- lafting, alfo Flower Never-fading, becaufe it {carce-
and fecond,) Ye//ow
ly feems to die.
VIL Note 2. Fobnfon upon Gerard has another fort of our fecond kind, having a long flender Root, very full of fmall Fibres: from the Head of which
Root {pring forth shree, fours or more Stalks, a Foot or more in Height, which are all of them (almoft up to the tops) very well replenifhed with long, white, downy Leaves, ke the former, faving that they are Somewhat broader. The Flowers are longer, but in larger Umbles, every ways greater, and feem to be of a more fhining Gold color. Thefe Flowers being gathered alfo in their Beauty and Perfettion, will be
.of as long Continuance, and wn their Glory to as
late a Date as thofe at Sed. 4. aforegoing. hether this be any differing Species from that fecond kind aforementioned, | can hardly determine, they being fo very much like one ancther, and feem to me to differ chiefly in their Magnitude, which may proba- pe be from the differing Goodnefs of the Soil in which they may be found growing ; which felf-fame Difference (from the fame Reafon) may be obfer- ved in many other Plants, which Authors will never adenie to be various Species or Kinds of the fame t.
VIII. The Places. They grow in moft untilled places of Greece, Spain and Italy; in Meadows
- where the Soil is barren ; as alfo about the Banks of Rivers; The firft grows not only in Greece and
fandy Borders of unmanured Fields, as Tragus fays They are all Strangers in England, and only grow with us in Gardens, being nurft up by the Curious: The fecond and fourth grow in aig I and Spain: The third Cufius found in Spain and Portugal, and Lobel about Mompelier in France, j
IX. The Times. Tho’ thefe Plants in their native Countries may flower .earlier than in our colder Climes, as in April of May ; with us in our Garé dens they flower much’ later; wz: not rill Fuly and Auguft, and fometimes later fill = °
x The Qualities. "They axe hot and dry in the latter end of the fécond Degree, or beginning of the third ; ae boss: Aipaeve and, Aftringent ; Pectoral, i kite and Nephritick,. and alfo Alexiphar-
XI. The Specification. They provoke the Torms, and force away the After-birth ; refift Poyfon, and prevail againft Convulfions. » ee
XII. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. The Herb it ff 2. A Decottion of the Herb and Flowers in Wine. 3. A Pouder of the dried Flowers. 4. A Bath of the Herb and lowers.
The Virtues.
XIIL The Herb it felf. It is ufed to be laid in Chefts and Wardrobes, to preferve Garments from Moths and Worms. ‘
XIV. The Decottion A the Herb and Flowers in Wine. Being drunk to fx or eight Ounces once or twice a day, it is faid to expel all forts of Poyfons, help Cramps, Convulfions and Ruptures, diflolve congealed Blood in the Thorax and Bowels, pro- voke the Terms in Women, and expel the Atter-
birth.
XV. The Pouder of the Flowers. \t may be given to two Drams in any convenient Vehicle, as in the Tin€ture of Catechu made in Water, or in Red Port Wine, or in a Mixture of Wine and Water. This being taken firft in the Morning fafting, and laft ar Night going to Bed, it thickens a thin Rheum, pre- sails againft Coughs and Colds, and ftops Catarrhs, or Diftillations of Rheum down the Throat, which fometimes is faid to fall upon the Lungs.
XVI. The Bath made of the Herb and Flowers, either in Water or Wine. It is good to fit over the warm Fumes thereof, for fo it opens Obftru&tions of the Womb, and eafes Pains thereof: it gives eafe alfo in the Piles, caufing them to be difcuffed: ir eafes them alfo who are afflifted with Pain in the Reins; gives eafe in the Sciatica, and: is very efte- tual to draw down Vapors, and prevent Fits of the Mother.
C HA P. CCCXXIIL of GOLDEN-ROD.
LY" HE Names. This is that which is fuppofed
to be the Asvaoyesels, Plinii : and is called in Latin, Virga aurea, ( becaufe the Stalks being reddifh, make the bufhy tops of Flowers feem as if they were of a Gold-yellow;,) and in Exgli/h it is
called, Golden-Rod.
IL. The Kinds: There are three feveral forts of this Plant, viz. 1. Virga aurea vulgaris, Virga au-
rea anguftifolia, Our common ordinary Golden Rod, which is the Virga aurea Villanovani, and is with Kkk
Leaveg
a th lite
bat —s »*
= SS
ee
salmon’s Herbal Lib. J 434 Salmon’s Herbal. ib. |, Leaves wnfnipe or finooth on the edges. 2. Varga | Buach of Fibres or Strings, which abide under Ground aurea folus ferratis. Camerariia, Golden-Rod with | a/f Winter in the fame manner, loofing all its old dented Leaves. 3. Virga aurea AmericanaGolden- | Stalks. From this Root fpring up Leaves as_ ‘< Rod of America, which is not very much unlike to |4S thofé of the laft, before it runs up to Stalk, be- - the feond kind. ing long, but not very broad, yet broadeft in the
middle, and very fharp-pointed at the ends, and a Common Golden-Rod little dented about the edges, yet not fo much as Ra . = M re 4g,
the fecond ; they grow upon Foot-ftalks, and are of a dark green color. The Stalk or Stalks area little -{hairy, rifing higher than the laft, not above a Foot
and half high at moft, bearing ox their various tops. yellow Flowers, of a Gold-yellow color, facing all _|on.one fide, as the others'do ; which being
away, turn into bone and are carried away _| with the Wind, as all the others are. This Plant is fo like to the fecond, that the Figureof that ma a well ferve for this, without any
ror.
Golden-Rod with dented Leaves.
z PNDOSE, | aby Ws (A) Ay ~ y, =A z> VFN) or. A Invi Ve NW LEN VOSS A ee
SN) PN VV? 4 \pe fs ke Wigt .
Ill. The Deferiptions. The firx/?, or Common Golden-Rod, bas a Root confijting of a Bunch of ve- ry {mall tibres, which run not deep into the Ground, hat abide all the Year therein. From this Root {pring up feveral fma'l, round, brownifh Stalks, balf a Yard or two Feet bigh, ( but higher, if it grots in a fat Soil, or in a Garden well manured ) having upun them many narrow and long dark green Leaves, ve- ry feldom with any dents about the edges, and as feldom with any Strakes or white Spots upon them ; and yet fometimes, and in fome places, they are fo: to be found, divided at the tops into fome fmall Branches, with feveral finall yellow Flewers on e- very one of them, which are turned one way, and not looking fundry ways at once; which being ripe, do turn into Down, and are carried away with the: Wind : the old Stalks die away and perifh every Year, and new ones {pring up every Spring fol- lowing. :
IV. The fecond, or Golden-Rod with dented Leaves, bas a Root like the other, fmall, and com- patted of many Strings or Threads , from which rife up Stalks, as inthe other, not fo bigh ax the former, bt full as great. The Leaves are finall and thin, but broader and fhorter than thofé of the aforegoing,
fmooth, {harp-pointed, and dented about the edges, like a Saw, ot a hot and harfh Tafte in the Throat, being chewed in the Mouth ; which Leaves grow upon a tair reddifh Foot-ftalk. The Branches bear fuch like Flowets as the firlt, facing one fide of their Stalks, as the former does. Thete’ growing at the
tops, ate of a Gold-yellow color, from whence the Plant took its Name. The Flowers being paffed a- way, the Heads turn-into Down, and are carried a- way with the Wind, as the other are.
V. Fhe third, or American Golden-Rod,- has a Rot not much unlike to the former, compofed of a
== — So N { is > bd Ziim Y 74 < 4} veh. ‘ aN YX \\!; ae
7, y <—
TSS SS AS ( f 5 \ S|
yyy,
FA x
ING: W/7 e
VI. The Places. The firft grows nough in feveral places of England, in:
ay fo ed-Wi
of Woods and Copfes, both in moift a xy Grounds. It grows pine in Hempfted-Wood, _ near unto the Gate which leads out of the Woodto _
brought to us from America, but from what pi of the Continent, is not known. It grows in Gardens. yi le VIL The Times. The firft flowers later than the — fecond, but they both Hower and flourifh ~
and Auguj?. The American kind flowers
pn Feng 2 in the Year. ‘) nS we he Quahties. Pee ‘is hota
in the nd 3 iti & ) j
Diuretick and Treanatit
Neurotick, Stomatick, Nephritick and Analep-
ick.
1X. The Specification. It is one of the moft no- ble Wound-Herbs, cures Wounds and Ulcers after an admirable manner, provokes Urine, prevails a- gainft the Stone and Gravel in the Reins and Blad- der; {tops Fluxes of Blood in the Lungs, Bowels, Reins or Womb, and is prevalent in curing all forts of Ruptures.
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A Fume. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decottion in Wine. 4. A Pouder. 5. AnOintment. 6. A Bal- fam. 7. A Cataplafm. :
The Virtues.
XI. The liquid Fuice. It is of good Ufe to be given againft Sand, Gravel, Stone or tartarous Mat- ter in the Reins, Ureters or Bladder, for it provokes Urine in abundance, and fo forces away that tarta- rous Matter which engenders the Stone or Gravel in the Urinary Parts, and caufes Sand and Gravel to be voided with the Urine. Dofe from two to four Speer Morning, Noon and Night, ina Glaf§
White Port Wine, or other fit Vehicle.
XL. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice ; it alfo evacuates all raw and fous viicous. or flegmatick Humors, ing them off by Urine. It is very effeCtual againft all inward Bruifes, as alfo to be outwardly eg to the fame. It ftops Bleeding in any Part of the Body ; and is an excellent thing for the Cure of Wounds. It {tops the overflowing of the Terms in Women, the Flux of the Whites, and heals the Bowels ina Diarrhza, Dyfenteria, Lienteria or Hepatick Flux. It ftops Catarrhs, and a Flux of Humors falling down upon any Part of the Body ; and it is evans in curing all forts of Ruptures, in Man or Woman, this being drunk inwardly, and the Cataplafm outwardly ap-
lied. It is one of the moft fovereign of all Wound-
bs ; and therefore the Effence thereof, for the curing of Wounds inward or outward, will do as much as any other can: green Wounds, it quickly cures them ; and old Sores and Ulcers, it digefts, cleanfes, dries, and fpeedily induces their heiling ; drying up, ftopping, or removing that Moifture and Flux of Humors which hinders their Cure. Dofe two, three or four Spoonfuls in Wine, or any other
proper Liquor. XL The Decoflion in Wine. It is made of ei- ther pen or dried Herb: it has all the Virtues of
the Juice and Effence, faving that it is not fo pow- erful ; and therefore may be given from four to
eight Ouaces, dulcified with a little white Sugar, ' im that Morning and Night. It is an excellent}
thing to wath filthy, foul and running Sores or U1-
them after an admirable manner, and fo ftrengthens the Part, as to hinder the future Afflux of Humors.
It is not inferior to any other Vulnerary Oint-
ment.
XVI. The Balfam. It has all the Virtues of the
Ointment, but more powerfully cleanfes and heals : it ripens Apoftems ; and is ual againft Rup- tures, being externally appt, and renewed as of ten as need requires. It is alfo a very excellent
thing to heal Wounds and Ulcers of the Head, being -
applied.
VII. The Cataplafm. “Tt. is made of the gem ttle
Herb, with fome Pouder of the fame, and a
1 Red Wine. Outwardly applied, it ftops ae t
as. alfo the. Afflux of Humors upon any Part. ftrengthens weak Limbs ; and is profitable, being applied to Ruptures. k :
© H A P.. CCCXXIV.
Of GOLD of PLEASURE, OR, | OIL Y--SEED. L HE Names. It is called in Greek, Mvavevs, and uidyer, alfo usradturvew, as Diofcorides fays : in Latin, Myagrum, Myagrium and Melam-
cast and in Englifh, Gold of Pleafure, and Oily- eds
Garden Gold of Pleafure.
~
cers. with ; and makes’a good Lotion for Sores and.
Ulcers in the Mouth and Throat, or Privy Parts of Man. or Woman: and. being often ufed, it is faidto' faften loofe Teeth.
XIV. The Poxder of the Herb. Given to one or two Diams in Red Wine, it {tops all inward Bleed- ings ;.as alfo all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels. Strewed upon old, moift Ulcers and running Sores, it cleanfes and dries them, ftrengthens the Part, and if need be, incarnates them, and heals them.
XV. The Ointment. It is made as all other Oint- ments.are made, but before it is quite. cold, you are to mix with every Pound of the Ointment, two Ounces of the. Pouder of the Herb, or an Ounce and half of Tobacco in fine Pouder. It isa famous Vul-
I. The Kinds, Authors make about feven Kinds
neraty, curing. Wounds in a very fhort time :| hereof, but four of them not being to be met with ‘aniban. for Filta s, Old: and inveterate and | in England, or in any of our American Englifh Plan- F running Sores, it brings them (if be) | tations, that Iknow of, I fhall fay nothing of them
in this place; of the other three which grow with Kkk 2 nS,
.
—_. »"
FT 8 Le
|
long in
Us, two ot them only are properly called by this Name: the third is called, Camelina and Englifh Wormfeed, and under the Title of Wormfeed Eng- lifh you may meet with it, which is its proper place. ‘The two which we fhall handle in this Chapter, ‘are, 1. Myagrum Sativum, Garden Gold of Pleafure, and this is faid to be the Myagrum verum Diofcori- dis. 2. Myagrum fylvefire, Pfeudomyagrum, Wild Gold of Pleafure, or Wild Oily-feed. There is a great Conteft in Authors about the Names of thefe Plants, which is both troublefome and unprofitable to be read ; and therefore, being of no Ufe to us, I fhall wholly decline it.
Il. The Deferiptions. The firft, or Garden Gold, bas 4 Root which % fmall and long, perifbing every Year after Seed-time : from this Root rifes up one or
~ more upright round Stalks, about two Feet bigh, fet
with feveral long and fomewhat narrow Leaves, of a whityh green color, and fomething deeply dented a- bout the edges, or deeply waved, compaffing them at the bottom. The.Stalk or Stalks are fptead from the middle upwards into feveral Branches, bearing at their tops very fimall yellow Flowers ; which be- ing fallen, there fucceed in their places fimall flat Seed-Veffels, containing within them Seed, which, when ripe, is of a Gold-yellow color, fomewhat orm, fall, and very fat or oily.
IV. The fecond, or Wild Gold, has a fmall long Root, with fome Fibres or Strings adjoining to it from whence iferings up but one Stalk, which is roun and nearly balf a Yard high, and is fet about with long and fomewhat narrow Leaves, much refembling thofe of Woad, but longer and fimaller pointed, ‘broad at the bottom, where they compafs the Stalk about, with a point end fticking out on each fide, fhooting forth many Branches from the very bottom almoft : at the tops of the Stalk and Branches come forth divers whitifh Flowers, very like unto thofe of Flax, which being paffed away, fimall round Heads rife up, with a fall Point at the top, very like in Fafhion to the former, and full of fmall yel- lowifh Seed, like unto that of Creffes, exceedin bitter when it is green or frefh, (as the green Her alfo is) but when dry, {weet in Tafte, without any Acrimony, and very fat and oily.
V. The Places. The firft grows in fome places of Italy Wild, but yet both they and we do fow it in Gardens for Pleafure, and in Fields for the Seeds fake, out of which is preffed an Oil, which ferves the Poor to Eat, and the Rich for Lamps ; and ferves alfo, with {trong Lye of Pot Afhes, to make Soap withal ; for which laft Purpofe, in Germany they fow many whole Fields therewith. The fecond is frequent in Germany, moft ufually in all their Flax
Grounds, which being in Stalk like it, ( tho’ not of | L. HE Names.
that Ufe) is accounted-a Weed, and caft away, ex- cept of fuch as fave the Seed, to give to finall Birds, when it is ripe. This Seed, whilft green, is bitter beyond Expreffion ; but being ripe and dry, it loofes its BitternefS, and becomes very {weet and pleafant, and is very acceptable to fmall Birds, as Larks, Lin-
_ nets, Finches, &c. to feed on: alfo by Expreffion,
it yields as fweet an Oil.as the former.
VJ. The Times. They flower in the latter end of May, and thro” Fune and Fuly, and in Augu/t , and the Seed is ripe in Auguft and September.
VII. The Qualities. Thefe Plants are hot and d. in the third Degree; the Oil is only hot in the frlt, and rather moift than dry. The Oil is alfo Difcuf- five, Emollient and Emplaftick ; Anodyn, Arthritick ‘and Analeptick.
VIL. Ihe Specification. tis peculiar to cure the Colick, and help the Contra€tion of the Nerves.
Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I.
IX. The Preparations. You may have th 1. The Decottion of the Herb and Seed. 2. The See it felf. 3. The Oil of the Seed by Expreffon.
The Virtues.
X. The Decottion of the Herb or Seed, or both, in Wine or Water. Sweetned with Honey, it is good for thofe who are troubled with the Cough, Short- nefS of Breath, hey oA Difficulty of Breathing, the Pleurify or hard Scirrhus foamy of the Liver, It lenifies the Roughnefs or Hoarfenets of the Throat and Voice, making it clear and eafy. The Decoéti. on in Water is good for Women to fit in, whofe
Wombs are hard or fwolp, and to bring down their
Courfes when ftopt; as alfo to wafh their Heads with, who are troubled with Scurff, Dandriff, Mor- phew or dry Scabs. ie.
XI. The Seed it felf. fit is bruifed and taken in an Egg, it {tops Vomiting, and encreafes Seed; fo alfo the Pouder of the Herb. If the Seed is ufed in Bread, it makes it fweet it a good Relifh. ‘
Clyfters, it loofens the Bel
and not very eafy of ee riggs. ( being eaten as Olive) except by Rufticks, and fuch as are accu-
flefhy. Itis inft Coughs, Hoarfenefs, Short-
nefs oF Brest ond Pleurifics or Stitches in the Side,
being given from one or two Ounces, to four, fix or
cight. It breeds Flefh and encreafes Seed , and is
of great Ufe to anoint the Face or Hands, ihn he to
take away Sun-burnings, Morphew, Freckles, Spx
d Dekietarien of
tra€ted, or fhrunk up.
C HAP. CCCXXV. —
vs
Of GOOSE-FOOT, OR, Me, A RACH Wild, Broad-leavd.
medni taaTvovaan, x Xuvores : in Latin, Atr plex fylveftris latifolia, Pes Anferis & anferines,
Chenopodium Gerardi €% Tabernamontani , and in
Englih, Broad-leav’d Wild Arach, or e-foot.
Il. The Kinds. Gerard makes two forts of this
Plant, viz. 1. Pes anferinus vulgaris, The comm Goofe-foot. 2. Pes anferinws laciniatior, Theme jagged or divided Goofe-foot. i
. The Oil of the Seed y Expreffion. Ufedin
It is called inGreek, Aneseekis
“\4
“
¢
é
Il. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common
Goofe-foot, has a pretty long Root, divided i veral Arms or Branches, befides a great m Fibres or Strings ; from whence rifes up a Cubit high or more, fomewhat chamfered, a ed out on every fide. The Leaves are broad, fharp-pointed and fhining, having feveral «
about the edges, not much unlie to: | Goole at the tops of the Branches are long Spike
wi i
Chap. 325. Engh Herbs. 433
ti “ts, which are {mall, and fometimes enclining to a , is, becaufe of its unétuous body, which that Difeafe reddifh color. The Seed is fmall, and grows in | agrees not withal; it eufes all Aches or Pains pi0o- wuiters, acoording to the Difpofition of the Spikes, | ceeding from a hot and dry caufe, and is very beue- being very like the Seed of other Wild Araches. ficial to be applied to hot Apoftems, and Difeates
of the Joints, chiefly the Gout and Uedema.
XI. The Cataplafm. It it is made witha little Vinegar, and Nitre diffolved therein, it is an excel- lent thing to be applied to recent Contufions, to prevent the afflux of Humors, as alfo to any other part where a Fluxion is prefent; it ftops the fpread- ing of Anthonies Fire, cools the inHammation, and difpofes it to healing; it is alfo an excellent thing to give eafe in the pains of the Gout, and alfo to cure it, Univerfals being firft premifed.
Common Goofe-foot.
ST BIE IFIP
a
CHAP. CCCXXVL
of GOUTWORT, OR, HERB GERARD,
a al ad il aa
17[* HE Names. It does not appear to have any
Greek Name, unlefs Mvavén:por Diofcoridis be it, Brunfelfivs called it Pycnomos, Gefner Corohorns guibufdam,Cordus on Diofcorides Elaphobofco fimilis, Tabernamontanus gopodium, Tragus Ofteritium Sy/- veftre, & Angelice Vitium, Camerarius Angelica $}/- veftris Communis, Thalius Angelica Erratica, Bauhi- nus Angelica Sylveftris minor, five Erratica, Dodo- nus Herba Gerardi, becaufe in the Low Countries it is called Gerarnt, Lobel Podagraria Germanorum, & Herba Podagraria, in Englifh it is called Afb- weed, Axweed, Gout-Wort, and Herb Gerard, from the Low Country Name.
IV. The fecond, or more jagged Goofe-foot, bas 4 Root almoft like the other, but more fibrous , from
CIA AT A A NOY OFA Ss fi MWWAY
= \) Wt A a3 i \ Pra RON SAGs SAE > | AG
faving that the Leaves are fharper cut, and more divided ; and the Flowers and Seed ( which grow in
V. The Places. They grow plentifully in fat, moift and ftinking places, as upon Dung-hills, and by Highway-fides.
_ VL. The Times. They {pring up and flourifh in the Spring Months , flower in Fune and Fuly, and their Seed is ripe foon after.
_ VIL. The Qualities. They are cold and moift in the third Degree: Anodyne or fomething Narcotick, Repercuffive, Arthritick, and (as fome Authors think ) Deleterious, or Venefick, I fuppofe, becaufe it is found certainly (as th fay ) to kill Swine.
VU. The Specification. ‘3 certainly cures Ignis
Sacer ot Anthonies-fire, and gives eafe in the Gout.
X. The Preparations. Youmay have therefrom,
1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Ointment. 3. A Cata. plafm.
Ws
. —o
sith
The Virtues.
_ XX. The Liquid Fuice. Bathed upon the parts
aflifted it cools Inflammations, and cures Aytho-
mes Fite, if it is mixed with Vinegar and Nitre,
and parts affefted with the Gout be bathed there. o with warm, it eafes the pains thereof, and is very
| prevalent againft Bloody Falls, and Kibed Heels. _. KL The Ointment. It has the Virtues of the Li-} Il. The Kinds.. There are two feveral forts here-
quid Juige, but not fo fit for lenss Sacer as the Juice/ off viz. 1. Herba Gerardi, Podagraria vulgaris, The
te Comomn
| FY a= 429 Salmon’s Herbal. — Lib. I. Common Herb Gerard, or Goutwort. 2. Podagra- Angelica, the greater Compofition. Dofe three’ or Tla Hirfuta, Herba Podagraria Cognata , Teens ‘four Spoonfuls Morning and Night. Pe Syloefiris Hirfuta inodora, Hairy Herb Gerard, or} XII. The Acid Tintture. It rettifies the Juices outwort. in the Scomach and inferior Vifcera, sctroring tomy Tartar and Viftofity , which being thruft into Hl. The Defcriptions. The firft, orCommon | tie Joints, breeds the Gout and. Sciatica ; it comforts Herh Gerard, has a Root which runs and creeps in|\the Stomach, caufing a good Digeftion opens Ob- ihe Ground like Quitchgrafs, Joon Spreading over a\{tru&tions, cleanfes, and evacuates the flimy matter great deal of room; this is but a low Plant, fi by Urine. Dofe from pn sed forty drops in a rifing half a yard bigh, having feveral like Leaves | GlafS of Ale or Wine, as as the Patient has ftanding upon brownith green Stalks by threes, as in} an occafion of Drinking, © Mafterwort, but they are finaller and narrower, and} XIII. The Oily Tintture. Tawardly; taken from not cut deep in, but only fnipped about, and of a] ten drops to twenty five, according to / : trong unpleafant Savour; at the tops of the Stalks | ceflity, in a GlafS of White Port Wine, ‘or other fic and Branches grow Umbles of Flowers, which are | Vehicle, it powerfully opens the Obftrutions of the — white, which ee oak away yields blackifh Seed, } Urinary » caufing a free Piffing, ar — like to, but lefS than that of Ma/terwort. | carries off the tartarous, vifcous, or flimy IV. The fecond, or Hairy Herb Gerard, bas a thick Gout, Seiasica, Stone, a Fibrous Root, of a blackifh brown Color on the out fide but white within, enduring many Years, and of a good | Smell, from whence fprings up a Stalk about a Cu- | bir high, blackifh at the bottom, and a little Hairy, | {preading into feveral {hort Branches, bearing Leaves thereon, much divided, like to Wild Angelica, or | aft the former Herb Gerard, faving, that they are more deeply gafhed, and of a green Color , aid Hairy all over; the Footftalks, as alfo the Umbles of Flowers, ——— and white, and followed with blackifh
Wounds, and Thoms or Prickles gotten : part of the Flefh; applied to any part HHicte
V. The Places. The firft grows by Hedges and
ginning of Fune to the end of Auguft, the Seed ri- pening in the mean Seafon.
VII. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpe& to} heat or cold, and drying in the firlt degree; it is A- nodyne, Aftringent, Vulnetary, Difcuffive, a little } Repercuffive , ‘Neurotick, Arthritick, and Analep-
tick. :
VIIL. The Specification. It is faid to cure the Gout and Sciatica, Weaknefles, and all other Dif- eafes of the Nerves and Joints. *:
IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence: 3. An Acid Tinture. 4. An Oily Tinure. 5. An. Ointment or Balfam. 6. A Cataplafm, 5
The Virtues,
— ar
. aoe s ‘
CHA P. CCCXXVIL
os * , ive ¥ uth.
—
;
: ap boa Of GRASS, # HERBAG
Il. The Kinds. ‘They are manifold, and the ral forts of each Species are almoft infinite, fo
X. The Figaid Haier: It mg be given inwardly as a Wound Drink, for it mightily contributes:to the | ;, .,,; : . rae curing of ill conditioned Wounds, old Ulcers, run-| 4 will teas ral Rie eee ai ning Sores, and Fiftula’s; alfo outwardly wafhin #
& i tat fs fo 2G them therewith it contributes to the aes puspotes, following, viz. 1. Bent wit 2 : fen a A: en Js Oe 10. Da
for it cleanfes, incarnates, dries, and heals, Gouty |G parts alfo bathed therewith warm two or three times
a day it eafes the pain, but more efpecially if it is} taken inwardly from three to fix Spoonfuls Morn- ing and Night, in any proper Vehiclé; Ulcers in the Lungs, Guts, of other Bowels, it likewife cures.
16. Hai baeGheh.!
27. Reed-Gri 30, Spiked-G
fcxiptions of all which S forts, you fhall have in the following Seftions.
Gramen Arvorum venti Spica, Gramen Scopule,
vel Scopulerium, Bent-Grafs, or Bents. Ill. The
of its kind,» and.called
ecaufe its bufby top has Pannicles refembling thofe
one way, and hanging down their Heads of a fine
neys, to deck up, cool, and reftefh the Room; it 1s Gramen Pratenfe tertium Dodonei, and Gramen Arundinaceum arvenfe Tabernamontani.
Paragiss Phalaris, -GrafS, feven Species, d. aay
three true and four baf
IV. 1. Phalaris vulgaris; Common Canary-Grafs, has a Fibrous Root, dying with us every Winter, and therefore is but an Annual Plant, to be new Sown every Year; it has jointed Stalks half a Yard high, with Graflie Leaves on them like Bar/ey, and at the top a long round Chaffie Head ,. fomewhat pointed above, whofe Bloomings are yellowifh, wherein lies flat, round, fhining Seed , bigger than Mi//et, and lef$ than Linfeed, of a yellowith Color, and fome- what like to the Seed of Sefamum.
V. 2. Phalaris Semine nigro, Canary-Grafs with blackifh Seed. The Root hereof is like, and perith- €s as the other, it differs not from the former, but in being fomewhat leffer, both in Stalk, Leaf, and Head , but chiefly in the Seed, which js of a pale, blackifhy fhining Color.
pecies, with their various
VII. 4. Phalaroides majus,. Gramen Phalaroides , vel Alopecuroides, five Italicum majus, The greater Baflard Canary-Grafs, has a Root {mall and Fibrous, perifhing every Year, and grows up very like to the true Phalaris, or Canary-Gra/s, both in Stalk, Leaf, and Head, but that the Stalks are fingle, and with fewer Leaves on them; the Head alfo or Ear is {mal- ler, hoary, and fofter, and the Seed not much un-
e.
VIII. 5. Phalaroides minus, The leffer Baftard Canary-Grafs, is in all things like to the Jaft; but the Ear or Head is {maller and longer; and the Leaves do fo encompafs the Stalk at bottom, that it feems to run thro’ them, as thro’ a Trunk.
IX. 6. Phalaroides Spica molli, Gramen Phala- roides Germanicum , Soft beaded Ba ‘ard Canary- Grafs, has a Fibrous Root, from which fprings a Stalk, or Stalks, of a Foot and half high, fome- what larger than the laft, with a Joint or two there- on, and {hort Leaves at them, encompaffing the Stalk at the lower end; the Head is fhorter and finaller than the laft, of a fhining Ath Color, amd foft to the feeling. eT at :
XK. 7. Phalaroides Spice Hirfutiore, Baftard Ca- de with a more hairy Spike or Ear. It has a Perennial Fibrous Root, from whence fpring up Stalks and Leaves like the laft, but furnifhed with a greater ftore of Leaves and Stalks; the Spiked Head
is
t
~=
eS RE er
¥
: alfo longer and narrower, and fet with fhort airs. ,
440_
XI. The Places. All the three firft forts have been found growing in Spain, and brought to us by
‘Boe/, with fome of the Buftard forts; the firft has
been Known many Years, and was brought from the
- Canary {lands with thofe fweet Singing Birds cal-
led Canary Birds, which feed upon this Seed, Lobe/ fiys that it grows in Provence in France, the fe- cond Bakhinus fays came to us from Malta, where
' thole Birds feed on it; all the firft three grow with
us in our Gardens; the fourth grows as well in our Fields in England, as in other Countries; the fifth and fixth ae about U/mes , where. they are fre- quent, and call them Oxocoridon, from their color : where the feventh grows is uncertain,
XI. The Times. hey all of them flourifh in the Summer Months, and their Seeds are ripe in uly a auguft. |
IL. The Virtues. Canary Seed in fome Places)
and Iflands is made into Bread, which nourifhes much like that of Millet, or rather lefs, and there- tore to mend it, fome mix it with Wheat, that the
Bread may be the fafter, which otherwife would be | _
apt tocrumble and dry: The Liguid Fuice, or Effence the Herb, are good to eafe the pains of the Stone and Gravel, open Obftructions of the Urinary parts, and abate the qeeg be thereof. The Cataplafm of the Seed has the Virtues of that of Mil/et, and is good to dry and’repref$ the flux of Humors upon any part,
Gramen Typhinum , Catstail-Grafs, three forts.
Cas aie jr
42
XIV. 1. Gramen Typboides, "2 Cnet maxi- The greateft Catstail-Grafs, has. very Roots Ae eget ak many fimall Skins or Threads, which may be gafily taken from the whole Root, from which rife up very fair large Leaves, like Wheat, and triangular Stalks two Feet high, or more,
_on whichgrow long, round, {piked Heads, four times
Salmons Herbal.
larger than thofe of the pie | Kind, and alinale
of an equal bignefs and roundnef$ from the bottom of the Spike to the top ; this Plant is fometimes found
with Stalks four or five Feet high, and’ thé Spike
fomewhat fhorter, and fmaller at the top. ay eee ie cae had ee t: o- ; Small common Cats tail Graig
Way 4
VILTTI/ WATIRRRRE
CRATER ATVERREA RRO
XV. 2. Gramen Typhinum minus vulgatifimum, The Lefer moft common Catftail-Grafs, has Roots which have fmall round Heads, like Tubers or Bulbs, from the Heads of which {pring forth the Leaves and Stalks; this is the moft common with us, and differs not from the former but in the Roots, this be- ing bulbed ,° as aforefaid , and in e, the Stalks in this rifing not above a roo ae the round Spike not being above two or three Inches
long.
XVI 3. Gramen Typhinum minus, The fmall Catstail-Grafs, has for its Root a little Bulb, or Bulbs, ftom whence rifes up the Stalk, about two Feet high, fet at each Joint with long Graffie Leaves, with a Spike or Ear four or five inches long, clofe- ly and handfomly made, like the former ; it differs not from the laft, but in having a greater ftore of narrow green Leaves, a longer Stalk, and larger {pi- ked Heads. ,
XVII. The Places. They are all of them found in many places of England, but moftly in water places, and near Water; the third is found grow!
lentifully in many eee about London, as by the ridge entring into Che//ea Field, as you go om — St. James's to little Chelfea. ae
XVII. The Times. “They Flourith and Seedin Fune and Fuly , keeping the fame time with oct Grafles. . | 1 2S
oh a Gramen Segetum, vel Segetale, Gramen Triticeim, Corn-Grafs, or Wheat-GrafS, fix Ki
XIX. 1. Gramen Segetum vel Triticeum um Spica compatta, Broad Leav’d Wheat-Gra/s ¢ Ear’d, has from a Fibrous Root a Stalk, {pring up, about half a yard high, hav
Chap. 327. - Exgiffh Herbs. 441
nnn Pee. < fair Wheat-like Leaves at them a Foot tong, bearing at the tops a longer Spike or | Heads are more in number than t Far than Wheat, and broader, made of feveral parts, | more hairy, having, as it were thoeidieraaee like the Husks of Corn, but feparated more afunder, | fet on both fides of the Panicles in which lye thereby fhewing it to be a Graf§, and no true Corn, | the Seed. : de yet the Spike grows clofer than the next, and with-| XXVIII. 3. V/chemon fativum, five Gramen mans out any thew of Awnes or Beard thereon. née Efculentum, Gramen aculeatum Thalii Erumen- XX. 2. Gramen fegetale, vel Triticeum rane tum Germanictum Cordi, (upon Diofcorides ') becaufe um Spica droulfa Broad-leav’d thin-ear’d red Wheat they account it Oryza Species ; Sanguinaria, San- Grafs. It ditters little from the former, but in the guinella, and Capriola Italica, Dew Grafs. It has a Spike, which has the finall parts thereof more fe-| Root greater and more bufhy than any of the for- parated, and fet on both fides of the Stalk, and} mer, the whole Plant differing from the two afore. — armed every one with a final ‘fhort Awne or going no otherwifé almoft, than a Manured Plant Beard. ~ . ma Wild. It has fair jointed purplifh Stalks, and large Grajfy or Reed like Leaves on them, fome- _ what hairy or woolly at their bottoms ;_and about the Joints at the tops of the Stalks ftand larger Spikes or Pannicles, and more alfo fet together than in the former, which are made of sinany final, chaf- fy Husks, with long white Seeds in them, fome- what gteater than Millet, and leffer than Rice, ftanding all, as it were, on one fide.
XXIX. 4. Gramen fcoparium Ifchemi paniculis, Befom or Brufh Grafs. It has a Root confifting of au very long hard Fibres or Threads, a Foot and
long, or more, (whereof are made, in France, where it grows naturally, thofe kinds of Brufhes with which we ufually brufh our Heads, €c.) the Stalks are hard, flender, and jointed, about a Cubit high, with finall long Leaves on them, like unto the fecond I/chemon atoregoing, but fweeter in tafte; at the tops of the Stalks ftand five or fix, or more, bright long Panicles, like unto the Cocksfoot, but larger, flatter, and lef dented.
XX. 5. Gramen age Canarium, Dogs Grafs like Cocksfoot. It has running jointed Roots, like to the Common Quitch-Grafs, and fo both Stalks and Leaves fomewhat refemble it, fo that it might have as well been enumerated among the Qzitch- Graffes, or Dogs-Graffes, as among the Cocksfoot- Graffes, becaufe it is, as it were, indifferent between them both; but the Head is difperfed or fpread into fuch like flender long Panicles as the Cocksfoot-Grafs ogg {mall Chafite Husks whereof contain the
XXXI. 6. Gramen Dattylon repens, Creeping Cocksfoot-Grafs. It has a {parfed thready Root, which fends forth many long, flender, and weak Branches, trailing or creeping upon the Ground, and many parts of England, in Paftures and Corn | {hooting forth Roots at sie Joithss the Leaves which Grounds in Ket, not far from the Thames , and | grow at the Joints are fmall and Graffie, long and
flourifh and feed in the Summer Months, when o-| narrow; and at the tops of the Stalks , which rife not much above a Span high, four or five fimall,
and much narrower Leaves on them. The fpiked
XXk 3: Gromen fete, vel Triticeum angufii- Solinm aon compatta, Broad-leav'd clofe-ear’d red Wheat Grafs. It has a Stalk which is fmooth and round, two Feet high, fet with long natrower white Leaves, rough and pointed. The Spike is about a Span long, fomewhat liké unto Red Whee, clofely fet, but each of the Husks has a fharp rough Awne thereat. “
XXII. 4. Gramen fegetum, vel Triticeum angu- Stifolium {pica mutica, Narrow-leav'd or Rufh-leav'd white-ear’d Wheat Grafs, without Awnes: It has a Root which is white, knotty and creeping ; from whence {pring up Leaves which are long and round, like Rujhes, and ars at the ends, fet on round Stalks, a Foot and half high, whofe {piked tops are long and flender, without any Awnes at the tops of the Husks, and fomewhat like unto White Wheat without Beards,
XXIII. 5. Gramen fegetum, vel Triticeum maj us pe Briga, The greater Spelt Wheat Grafs. Its
oots and Stalks are like unto Corn, four or five Feet high, or more, fet with narrow Leavés: the tops of the Stalks have feveral long Spikes, about a Hand breadth long, fet on both fide of them, one a- bove another, each whereof is very like a {mall Ear of Wheat, armed with fmall Awnes, but very )
rt.
XXIV..6. Gramen fegetum, vel Triticeum minus Spica Briza, The leffer ee Wheat Grafs. It grows not above an Hand breadth high, with final, fhort, foft and hoary Leaves ; and at top of the Stalk there is fometimes but one, and fometimes two or three Spikes or Ears, of an Inch long, and bearded.
XXV. The Places and Times. They grow in
ther G: do. ess flender, Nagersp A og csh » cae paths within V. "Toxaquov, Iichemon & Gramen Ifchemon, five Da- | the Husks whereof the Seed is found to ye. der , foot or Fin or ae Six kinds. XXXII. The Place and Time. The two firft
Kinds are found growing naturally in feveral places of Italy, as alfo at Narbone in France, and in divers laces of Ezgland, but the third is ufually Sown in ields, as Corn, in many places of Germany, where with the Seed thereof they make Pottage or Broth, as we here in Exgland do with Rice and Oatmeal, and it is fent into Midd/eburgh, and other Towns of the Low Countries in great Quantities for the {ame purpofe, as Lobe/ has affirmed, but with us it only grows in Gardens, tho’ fhould we Sow it as the Ger mans do, in Fields, it is probable that it might thrive full aS well with us as it does with them ; the fourth, fifth and fixth grow in France, but with us chiefly in Gardens, the fifth has been found growing in Spain , and the fitlt Gerard vik he found grow- ing upon the Hilly Banks near Greenbith in Kent , and that it grows upon the rough Banks of' Fields, €%c. They all Flourifh and* Seed’ in the Summer
Months when the other Grafs do. Lil The
XVI. 1. Ifchemon fylvéftre folio latiore, Com: mon Cocks-foot Grafs. tis called, Galli Crus Apu- /eit, and-has a Root omer of a great many {mall Fibres ; from whence fpring forth {everal’ clear, red- difh, jointed Stalks, with fair Grafly Leaves on them, a little dented on the edges, broad at the bot- tom, afd: fimall at the end, of a harfh ot binding Tafte. At the tops of the Stalks grow diverts long, flender, rough Spikes, of'a glifteting purple, of ra- ther Violet color, but of a brownifhy color when they aré ripe, and are divided into four or five Spikes, which are fpread or ftretched out abroad, like a Cock’s Foot, when it is fet down upofi’ the Ground, or the Fingers of a Mari’s Hand, wheh they are
ead abtond
ipread
a XXVIL 2. [ehemon frlvefire (picis Villofis, Wild Cocks-foot' Grafs, with a bearded or hairy Spike or Ear. Its Root is a Buth of Fibres, like’the other: it has purplifh Stalks, a Cubit high, with fewer
ties of England, efpecially in eb oer Gerard The Virtues. fays it grows upon Boggy and fuch like Moorith , places, and is to be feen in Bogs upon Hampfted XXXII. 1. The Liquid Fuice. Put into the| Heath; it grows likewife in Highgate P. ark, near Eyes which run and water, or where is a Defluxion | London. This with long fpiked Heads is doubtlef§ of Rheum, caufing rednefS or blearednefs, and drunk, | the Gramen Tomentofum Arundinaceum of Gerard, chiefly the Juice of the aed oor it difcuffes | defcribed in Lib. 1. Cap. 9. - the hardnefs of Womens Breafts, € pecially being al-| yyq]_ Evacgebyewsrs, © "aycuris turogn, Gramen Crifig.
fo bathed thereon, 2. The Cocksfoot Quitch-Grafs, = Cockscomb-Gra: has all the Virtues of Quitch-Gra/s, to be difcourfed ete. eo ee si
of in fome of the following Chapters of this Book. , ; Crested Graftes yt
3. The Decotlion. It is of ufe (made of the Roots in White Port) to expel the Terms, and it drives forth the Meafles, Small Pox, and is good in the Purples , Spotted, and other Peftilential Fevers. 4. The Ointment or Balfam of the Roots and green Grafs, is good for the Bitings of Mad Dogs, dif- folves Tumors, and not only heals green Wounds, but alfo old Ulcers. 5. The Catapla/m a Herb and Roots —_—- to any place which bleeds,
ops the Blood prefently whether it be from the Nofe, or a Wound.
VI. "Aacxreuiveess; Gramen murorum Spica longiffima, Gramen Spica nutante longiffima, Caponstail-Grafs, or Graf with a long bending Spike,a fingle Species.
XXXIV. This Gramen murorum Spice nutante # a fingular Plant, which bas a fibrous or «ftringy Root, from which arifes Leaves long and narrow, like other Graf$ Leaves, which by Time and Age growing old , grow fomewbat rounder, as thofe of Spartum , or Matweed; from among thefe Graffie Leaves there
ows up @ flender Stalk about two Feet high, {carce- iy {tanding upright, but oftentimes hanging down its Head, or top of its Ear, after the manner of a Ca- pons Tail; this Stalk has two or three fall Leaves at the Joints up to its top, where grows a very long Spike, bending a little downwards, compofed ot fmall and hairy Tufts, which grow of a greyifh or whitifh Color being ripe,containing within them finall whitifh Seed. This was found out by Mr. Good- yere.
XXXV. The Place and Time. This Elegant Grafs Mr. Goodyere found growing upon the Walls of the Ancient City of Winchefter, and was not de- {cribed by any Author before him, he gave it the Name; Gerard had fome of the Seed thereof, which he did Sow, which grew up, took root, and flou- rifhed, Seeding in the Summer Months.
, 5 XXXVIIL. 1. Gramen Criftatum lene , Smooth, af Crefted, or Cockscomb-Grafs, has white Roots, which ~ Mat themfelves in the Ground very much, from whence fpring up divers fmooth flender Stalks, two Feet or more high, with few, or no Joints on them, and with finall fhort green Leaves at them the tops of the Stalks have flender long {piked Heads, divi- ded into many parts, each whereof is like unto the Creft of a Bird: this Ear, fays Gerard, is fall, ' long, of a pale green Color, fomewhat fo that in fome fort it refembles the Comb of 4 Cock, - (whence the Name) or the Seed Veffel of that Plant which is called Caput Gallinaceum: the Spike ot Ear is of a pale yellowifh green, and.-fometimes of a reddifh Color, which made Bawhinus to compateé = it to Crifla Galli, or Cocks-Comb.- ‘This is Gramen” Pratenfe Criftatum, Gramen Spica Criftata B Tay XXXIX. 2. Gramen Criftatum Sublufuiume Hairy Crefted-Grafs. This feems to be a's pee 4 . of the former, and differs from it-only in thele pa” ticulars, the Roots are of a reddifh yellow the as are sores and. ne or Woolly at the bottoms, with longer Leave a more ff ; fed white Head, -not fo finely fet toge — ther, and grows rather among Hedges-and Bulhes. > XL. 3. Gramen Criftatum Anglicum, Engh Crefied-Grafs. This has fewer and longer Ki not matting and increafing in the’ former, mai the Stalks are ftraight, with longer and na Leaves on them; the Spiked Head differs
former, in being longer and clofer fet, and ; “6 Me i%. 39ag
VIL. Kaarausyeosss quorundam, Gramen Tomentofum, vel Tomentarium, Cotton-Grafs, or Cotton Reed- Grafs.
XXXVI. It a fingular Plant of the Kind, ha- ving a Root fomewhat hard and rough, very tough, fmall and thready, with many long Fibres iffuing from it. This Cotton Reed-Gra/s is in roughnefs, drynefs, and form of the Leaves, not much unlike to Foxtail-Grafs, called P/eudofchenanthum, but much gteater, and not Downy; the Stalks rife up to be three, four, or more Feet high, and but with few Joints, which are rough, garnifhed with many hard Graffie Leaves, bearing at the top Heads, which ate Spiked, fet all along a Panicle, reddifh for fome time, but growing to ripenef$, are of a fhining Sil- ver like whitenefs, and as foft as Wooll in hand- ling, from whence it took the Name. . This De- {cription is according to the Dutch Copy, tranflated by Lobe/ himfelf-
XXXVIL The Places. It pews in the borders of dry Fields, and by Hedge fides, in many Coun-
/
_ ee
a eae
el
*
Chap. 327. Englifh Herbs.
into Tufis, but as it were into clofe fhort Husks, the whole + ta fomewhat refembling a finall long
Foxtai/-Gra/s.
XLI. 4. Gramen Criftatum Spica multiplici , Double Englifh Crefted-Grafs. This is’very like the laft in its Roots, Stalks, and Leaves, and feems to be a variety of the fame, but it differs in this, that it is {pread out in its top, and parted or divided in- to feveral {maller ge from the greater main one, eon very little differing from it in any thing
e
XLII. The Places and Times. The firft of thefe is ordinarily to be found in Meadows about Midfum- mer time, that, as alfo the fecond, ufually growing in Fields and Paftures, and near Hedges and Butfhes, and places near them; the third grows plentifully in many By-places near Hackney, not far from Lon- don, the tourth being a variety of the laft, is found growing always not far from the places where the third grows. :
IX. Kumtedyeosis, x "ayeusis xvmugidns, Gramen Cype- roides, Cy Species.
XLIM. 1. Gperus Typhinus Gerardi, Gramen Typhinum Tabernamontant, Gramen T) phoides Spica multiplici Baubini, Catstail peerets rafs. It has a Buthy Root, from whence {pring forth many long, natrow , three dauare hard, green Leaves, among
iff green Stalks, half'a yard, or two
more long flender rough growing one above another, Spike fafhion, refembling a Cats il, very chaffie, rough and rugged, of a dark
tending to le. , ; V. 2. Gramen Cyperoides anguftifolium majus, The greater narrow Leav’d Cyperus-Grafs. It hasa ‘eaiimatie ftrong Fibrous Root, from whence ftiff, long, and narrow Leaves, like thofe of other Gype-
44.3
rus-Graffes {pring ; the Siaiks alfo, (as it is proper to all the Plants of this Kindred) are three {quaie, bearing at their tops three brownith Ears, forte and chaffie, like the reft of this Kind, ttanding up:igh:, and not hanging down, as fome others do.
XLV. 3. Gramen Gperoides Splvarum Tensiss Spicatum, Slender Kar’d Wood Gyperus-Grafs. It has a great yellowifh and fibrous bulhy Koot, from whence {pring three {quare Sralks, a Foot or mote high, with fair, but hard and rough Graffie Leaves, four or five Inches long; the Spiked Heads which grow at the tops are many, one above another, flen- -
and long, yet fome more than others, fome oue Inch, fome two Inches, or lefS, of a yellowith green - color, with long yellowifh Seeds in them.
XLVL 4. Gramen Cyperordes elegans Spica milti- Sera, A fine or beautiful Cyperus-Grafs with many Heads. It has a thick fibrous Root, which fends up flender triavgular Stalks, about two Feet high; the Leaves are long and narrow, with a long poinied Spi- ked Head, made of many {mall ones, 10 clofe tet to- gether, that they feem to be byt one Spike or Head.
XLVIIL. 5. Gramen Cyperoides echinatum Monta- mum, Mountain prickly Cyperus-Grafs. It has a thick bufhy fibrous Root, as the former, which fends up three fquare Stalks, about a Span Bng, or nor much more, the Leaves below and on them are ve- ry long and narrow, the Heads are fhort, with ma- ny rough Burs on them, fome feparated and fome
é.
XLVIIL. 6. Gramen Cyperoides fparfa Panieule, Land Gyperus-Grafs with a difperfed Taft. It has a Root which is full of Fibres, which fends forth long Leaves, of a brown green color, and fonewhat flat, between a Rufh anda Grafs; the Stalk is alfo fome- what mere flat than fquare, fometimes but half'a yard high, fometimes three, four, or five Feet high, the me whereof is furnifhed with a large round fpread Panicle, made of many parts, and each {inal prickly Head ftanding on a flender Fooritalk, which is oftentimes bent down with the weight of the Heads.
XLIX. 7. Gramen Cyperoides param Lancfum, Cyperus-Grafs a little Wooly. It hasa Fibrous oot, which fends forth flender Stalks, about two Spans high, the bottoms of them being a litcle Wooly, and having at the middle only a Joint witha I.eaf; the - lower Leaves are fet clofe upon the Ground, three or four Inches long, fonsewhat like thofe of the Grafs-Crowfoot , the heads of the Stalks have {mall round fhining Spikes or Ears on them, of a pale brown Color, with a finall long Leaf under every head: This is Gramen Cyperoides parvum.
L. 8. Gramen CGyperoides Norwegicum , Nortway Cyperus-Grafs. It has a number of long narrow Leaves, fome three or four Inches, others fix or fe- ven Inches long; the Stalks are clear and fimooth, half a yard high, bearing at the top many Cone like Heads, fet clofé together.
LIL. 9. Gramen Cyperoides Spicatum Latifolium , Broad Leav'd Cyperus-Grafs. It has long black creeping Roots, with many Fibres at them, very like unto the {weet long Qyperus, and has broad Leaves, almoft a Foot long, among which come forth the Stalks, being about a Foot high, which bear three Chaffie Spiked Heads at the top, of an
Inch, or Inch and half long, of which the middle-
moft is the longeft, each of them like unto the fall Carstail-Gra/s.
LIl. 10. Gramen Cyperoides latifolium alterum , The higher broad Leav’d Cyperus Grafs. It hasa Root which is fomewhat long, but ftaly, with rma- ny long Fibres adjoining thereto; the Leaves are as long as the laft, but the Stalks are mach higher, bearing at the tops four or five fimall long Ears ot
Lil 2 Spikes
» > ; 44.4, Salmon’s Herbal. — Lib. 1. a folium Lobelij & Camexarij, Carex Tragi & Lugdy- nenfis, The greater broad Leav'd Cyperus-Grafs. Yt has a brownifh Root, and folding it felf one within another, with many Fibres adjoining, it has feveral” large and long Leaves, like unto thofe of Reeds, a- mong which rife up feveral threefquare Stalks, bear- ing three or four clofe {piked brownith heads there. on, one above another. There is another of this great broad Leav’d kind, called by Baubinus Gramen Cyperoides majus latifolium, {pica E sass viridi, 12. Gramen Cyperoides Miliaceum, Cyperus | whofe Roots are more bufhy and fibrous, and the Gramineus Miliaceus, Pfeudocyperus Gramineus Mi- {fpiked heads more green, having a long narrow Leaf liaceus, Millet Cyperus-Grafs, or Baftard Cyperus-| under the loweft Spike or Head. =A S12 Aer, Grafs Tufted. \t has'a thick fibrous black bufhy| LXI. 19. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre majus an- Root, from whence rifes divers fair, long, and |gu/ftifolium, The greater Cyperus-Grafs with narrow fomewhat broad, alfo fhorter green Leaves, paler |Leaves. This differs little from the laft, but in its than thofe at Se&t. 43. above, from among which | growing lower, with narrower Leaves, and fpiked arife threefquare Stalks, like thofe of Cyperus, a- | heads, which are thinner and longer, but of the fame bout half'a yard high, fet with Leaves from the bot-| brown greenifh color with it. Se ow tom to about fix or feven Inches high of the Stalk] LXII. 20. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre minus an- and encompafing the Stalk alfo at their bottoms;|gu/tifolium, The /effer narrow Leav'd Cyperus-Grafs, the tops are furnifhed with a large Tufted Head, (al-| It has a Root with long Strings and Fibres thereat, _moft like the True Cyperus) and greater than is pro- | fhooting forth like et us, has narrower Leaves, ortional to the Plant, where two or three pretty and threefquare Stalks, bearing fmaller and more arge Leaves come forth, between which rife up| {piked long heads, three ufually fet together, one a ’ many {mall Footftalks, very much Branched, which ight.
little from the other, more ftiff alfo and upright ( bear many black Seeds, fomewhat like Mi//er, or} LXIIL. 21. Pfeudo Cyperus Jpica Psicd siescr Rufhes.
os Lobelij, Gefneri, Dodongi, -Baftard Cyperus-Grafs LV. 13. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre Panicula with fhort pendulous. beads. The Roots of this do. Sper a, Agquaticum vulgatius Lobel, Marfh Cyperus-
fomewhat refemble the True /weet long Cyperus, but i? rafs with fparfed Heads. It has a Root which .
loofer, and not fo firm, fuller alfo of Fibres,-and {preads fomewhat like the Tye Cyperus, but harder, | not fmelling fweet at all; it grows alfo fomewhat 3 fuller of blackifh Fibres, and without fmell, the} like unto the True /ong Cyperus, having largeand Leaves are long, and fomewhat narrow, hard, and long graffie Leaves, in a manner threefquare, and fo cutting on both edges; the Stalk is triangular, tall, | is the Stalk alfo, at the top whereof, among divers without any Leaves thereon to the top, where, be-| Leaves, come forth great fpiked , thick and fhort tween two long Leaves, and very narrow, divers| heads, hanging downwards, every one by a fhort {hort Footftalks {pread forth, bearing each of them | Footftalk. vali four or five {mall rough Heads. LXIV. 22. Pfeudo-Cyperus, five Gramen Oype LVI. 14. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre majus, Gra-\roides Paluftre {pica pendula longiore, Another Ba- men junceum triguetum Thalij , The greater Marfh flard Cyperus-Grafs with longer heads. It hasa Root Gyperus-Grafs The Root is a buth of many black-| like the former, with a triangular ftriped Stalk, a- ith Fibres, like unto Grafs Roots, it has feveral long | bout a yard high, bearing long and narrow Leaves and narrow hard cutting Leaves like the laft, and
thereon, which encompafs the Stalk at bottomwith among them divers upright Stalks, without any | Skin, or hollow Sheath, having at top feveral long Leaves at all on them, each of them bearing a long, | and narrow pendulous heads, five or fix Inc long round, and fomewhat large prickly head, in which
lies the Seed.
each, with a long Leaf under each head. iby us LVIL. 15. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre minus ,
The lefler Marfh Cyperus-Grafs. The Root of this is like unto the former, but is leffer, as is the whole Plant; the Stalk bears fharp, rough, fpiked heads, four or five together, one above another, on both fides thereof, with a long Leaf-at the foot of them.
LVIIL. 16. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre [picts mi- nus compattis, The leffer Marfh Cyperus with more open beads. Its Root is fomewhat hard or woody, Oy Fe and full of Fibres, bearing many long and narrow riffima Gluma , Leaves, like to Grafs, among which rifes up a| Ibe /malle/t_fingle Darnel-Grafs. It is ver like to rough threefquare Stalk, bare of Leaves for the |Red Darne/, but that it has gen lender molt part up to the top, where ftand feveral fall |{horter Stalks than it, and the Leaves alfo rough Heads or Spikes, more loofe or open than the|er; the {piked head has a few fingle Husks former, having fharp pricking Seed within them. eile >i | sat
LIX. 17. Gramen Cyperordes Paluftre Subflavef-| LXVII. 2. Phenix altera brevioribus de cente Panicula fparfa, Carex minus Lonicerus, Yel-\ que Spicts, The greater fingle Darnel-Gra lowifh Marfh Cyperus-Grafs open beaded. The Root} Roots and Leaves hereof are like the Red is great at the head, with feveral Fibres thereat, it | the Stalks grow a yard high, jointed and firak has {maller and fhorter Leaves than any of the for-| and the Spike is thinly fet with chaffie heads: mer, and naked Stalks, bearing at the tops of the | they are bigger, rounder, and thicker. ae Stalks, between two finall long Leaves, a head fe- XVII. 3. Phanix acerofa aculeata, vered into many fiall parts or fpikes, of a yellow-| /y Darnel-Gra/s. It has a Root ec ith color. Of this fort there is another, differing) white Threads or Fibres, the Stal very little from it, but in the color of the finall five, fix, or feven Inches hi Spikes, which are blackifh.
| full’ of Joints, ‘pointed or pri LX. 18. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre majus lati- few fhort Leaves ¢
Spikes one above another, an Inch or two long, with a. {mall Leaf at the foot of each of them.
LIL. 11. -Gramen Cyperoides Paluftree, Great Water Cvperus-Grafs. The Root is compact of ma- ry long and tough Strings, or Threads, the Leaves ate long and broad, like unto the Sedge, called Ca- vex, from among which rife up feveral long three- {quare Stalks, at the top of each of which there is a Spike or Ear, like to a P/antane Head, commonly ro) Daeg green color, and very prickly.
ns
LXV. The Places and Times. They all grow in low, moift, and Moorifh Grounds, in many places of this Kingdom, as alfo in feveral other Countries, as their Names exprefS, and do all Flourith and Seed in the end of Summer... SR.
X. Sink yeorddus, Phenix Graminea, Darnel-Graf, fix kinds. : LXVI. 1. Phanix fimplici, © rariffima
three jointed Stalks, two Feet or more high; the
{mall at the and fharp ot cutting on the edges; the Stalks are Jointed like Corn, with the like
Chap. 327... Exghjh Herbs. 448 fmall, fhort, rough, and chtfie like Tongues, fharp arEer EE ; } at their ends, fet at the Joints.a \
>
Dogs Grafs upright. LXXIV..2. Gramen Caninim longius Radicatu® €F Paniculatum, Dogs-Grafs with a longer Root’ an more {parféd Panicles. The Root is fuller , larger, longer, and farther fpread, the whole Plant differs but very little from the former, but in the Tuft of Panicle, which is more fprtad into Branches, with fhorter and broader husks.
LXXV. 3. Gramen Caninum Jatiore Panicula mit nus, The leffer Dogs-Grafs with a fparfed Tuft. The Root is fmall, and Jointed, but creeps not fo much as the former, and has many more Fibres among them than the others have, and is a little browner, and not fo white, but more fweet; it is a {mall fort of Grafs, and has flender Stalks, about fix or feven Inches high , with many very narrow Leaves, both below and on the Stalks; the Tyft or Panicle at the top is fmall, according to magnitude of the Plant, and {preads into feveral parts or branches.
Dogs-Grafs low bendi nf
A. (Fh
LXIX. 4. Phenix multiplici i Spicatd Panicula , Branched Darnel-Grafs. It has flender jointed Stalks, half a yard or.more high, with narrow Leaves; the fpiked head is as it were. branched into others, 1n which confifts the chiefeft difference.
LXX. 5. Phanix multiplici {pica nutante, Double Darnel-Grafs with a bowing top. It differs little or nothing from the laft, but in the fpiked heads, which are thicker fet together, and the tops of them bow down,, or turn a little round.
LXXI. 6. Phenix Palufiris & longius fpicata , Branched Marfh Darnel-Grafs. \t haga Root which is creeping , white, and jointed, with many Fibres adjoining thereto, from’which fhoot fotth two or
fpiked head is a Foot long, branched as the fourth is, each Branch four or five Inches Jong, with wing- ed Husks, like unto Oats.
LXXII. The Places and Times. All thefe ‘grow either in Fields of Corn, or in the Borders or Path- ways of other Fields which are Fallow, and the laft fornetimes im Marfh and Wet Grounds, as well as in the edges of Ploughed Grounds.
XI. “Avewsss xuviad, Kurbyeests, Gramen Caninum , -Dogs-Grafs, fourteen kinds, nine Land kinds , five Water.
XXII. 1. Kurdygests, Gramen Caninum vulgati- us, Common Dogs-Grafs. \t creeps far about under Ground, with long white jointed Roots, and finall Fibres at every Joint, very {weet in tafte, as the reft of thé Herb is, and interlacing one another, from whence fhoot forth many fair and long graffie Leaves,
Leaves on and a long f{piked head, with long r, YY husks on it, hard rough in them. sudfirr Hee LXXVIL 4; Gra:
4.46 é Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
caer emarenee remem ee I Ra ET TTI LXXVI. 4. Gramen Caninum fupinum arvenfe , \tour or five Inches , and at the to fho
Low bending Dogs-Gra/s. {t ae Root see foft fpiked a aes oe like to Boe creeps much under Ground, but in a differing man- \Cat stail-Grafs.
ner, the Stalks taking Roor in feveral places, and } LXXX. 8. Gramen Caninum Geniculatum majus, ae raifing themfelves up a Foot high, with ‘The greater Kneed Grafs. \t has a large fibrous oo li e green Leaves as the firft kind, but fhorter 5 bufhy Root, from whence {pring many long trailing the fpiked head is bright and fparfad, or {pread a- | Branches upon the Ground, with feveral great Joints troad, much like to the Fig/d-Gra/s, on them, and fhooting out Fibres from thofe Joints
: ‘ which lye next the Ground, fo that it does fome- Dogs-Grafs lying along.
‘times run twenty Foot in length, with one | Leaf at each Joint, {mall at the end, but broa =P sid below, from which, as well as at the top, come
Z ———— a forth divers fmall long {pikes of chaffie husks, of
an over worn color, which Stalks and Joints are fo full of a moft pleafant Juice, that it feeds Cattel much better than any other Hay, and therefore thofe Husbandmen who have it growing in their Grounds do keep the Hay thereof for their chief Winter ftore, and * ens “ee otha, this rs that which is com- monly called Dutch Grafs, an ws very plenti- fully in Plantations in Florida , z pio of the Weft Indies. ’ - LXXXI. 9. Gramen Geniculatum minus, The lef- 4 Kneed-Grafs. The Root is fibrous or thready, ike the former , this Gra/s creeps not fo much on the Ground as the greater does, but {preads more upright with its Stalks, whofe Joints are not alto- — ee fo great as the other, and have at their tops piked heads, which are fomewhat larger than thofe of the greater Kind, and of a fadder overwom color. .
LXXVIL. 5. Gramen Murorum Radice repente , Wall-Grafs with a creeping Root. Its Root is black-} i{h, and {preading abroad, from which fpring forth many finall Stalks, a Foot high, bending or crook-} ing, with a few narrow fhort Leaves on them, at} whofe tops ftand fimall white Panicles, of an Inch and half long, confifting of many finall chaffie husks.
LXXVIIL 6. Gramen Caninum bulbofum vel no-
dofum vulgare,Common bulbed or knobbed Dog s-Grafs. It has for its Roots three, or four, or more round } white Bulbs or Knobs, one fet upon the head of a- nother, with feveral Fibres underneath them, from the uppermoft of which fpring forth feveral long } hard graffie Leaves , fharp at the edges, and in the middle of them a jointed Stalk, wi three or four fuch like Leaves upon them, at the top of which is a long Panicle, fpread into many parts, like to that of Oats, whereunto fome have compared it. Lobel has another fort hereof, differing little in any part put the Roots, which are fall and round, and fet at diftances all along the Roots, and full as fweet as the other. The firft of thefe is the Gramen nodofum enacca pluma Baxbini, who queftions whether it be not the /Egilops Piinij, which has a kind of bulbous or tuberous Root.
LXXIX. 7. Gramen Caninum nodofium {pica par- va, Tuberous or Knobbed Grafs with a fmall round fpike. (thas a finall whitifh round Bulb or Knob] LXXXII- to, Gramen Caninum Geni for the Root, with fimall Fibres under it, {hooting | ritimum fpicatum, Sea {piked Dogs-Gra forth from the head thereof another, fomething like | long creeping Root, ( ith unto a Bulb, but much fmaller, and like a flender | Fibres running from i knob, with a fmall aa Stalk above it, and a | under Ground
long narrow pointed
Chap. 327... Exglifb Herbs. 447 LLL LLL LL OL Ae Ltt ttt ttn ants
as it is moft common, {0 it is efteemed to be of greateft effeet ; the Effence, or DecoCtion of its Roots, opens obitructions of the Liver, Spleen, Gall, Blad- der, and Reins, eafes Gripings of the Belly, and wattes the Morbifick or Tartarous Matter which breeds the Stone in the Bladder, and heals Ulcers there; being bruifed and applied.it confolidates
high, with hard Leaves thereon a Span long, and like to the other Dogs-Gra/s; the {piked heads are ihorter by much, and harder than the Common Kind at Sect. 73. afortgoing.
LXXXIII. 11. Gramen Caninum Maritimum vul- £atio Canario fimile, Sea Dogs-Grafs. This isa flen- derer, harder, and lanker Grafs than the Common Kind, and of a more blewifh green color, and differs not in any thing elfe; but there are two other forts hereof, the one differing in the Roots, which at the feveral Joints as it runs does fhoot up the like Stalks, | of moifture and dryneis; the Diftilled Water is gi- Leaves, and fpiked Tufts, and will be fometimes | ven to Children for the Worms, but it is much twenty Foot in length, with a number of thofe Stalks | more effeftual if Worm-Seed be added to it. and Leaves at them, the other differing in the fpikes,}_ LXXXIX. The Bulbous, Tuberous, or Knobbed which have two orders or rows in them. Dogs-Grafs, viz. the fixth and feventh, are found by
LXXXIV. 12..Gramen Caninum alterum Mari- | experience to be very effectual to provoke Urine, timum longius Radicatum, Sea Dogs-Grafs with long | and more powerful than the firft Dogs-Gra/s for the Roots. It has a very long Root, and differs little | fame purpofe, as alfo to break the Stone, and eafe from the former, either in the hard Leaves or in the | thofe torments of the Belly which come by Fluxes, running Roots, but that they fread more, and in- | Bloody Fluxes, crudity of Humors, and obftru€tions ftead of {pikéd heads at the tops of the Stalks, this | of the Vifcera; and may be ufed in any cafe to which has chaffie heads among the Leaves. the other may be applied.
LXXXV.°'13. Gramen Caninum Maritimum fpi-| XC. The Kneed Dogs-Graffes, as alfo all the Sea catum Amcricanum, American Sea {piked Dogs-Grafs. | Dogs-Graffes, are generally held to be as effeftual as It has flender woody Roots, with but few Fibres | the firlt, or Common kind, but this is to be obferved, adjoining thereto, from whence {pring up feveral | that the Sea Kinds are more effeftual for fuch as live trailing Stalks, a Foot or more high, with feveral | by the Sea fide, and Marfhy, or Maritime places ; Joints and Branches at them, and fhort narrow Reed | and the Land kinds for fuch as live in the Midland, like Leaves on them, at the tops whereof grow {pi- | or far from the Sea Shoar, or Salt Water fides. ked heads, three Inches long, of'a dark Ath color.
LXXXVI. 14. Gramen Caninum Maritimum af- perum, Rough Sea Dogs-Grafs. It has a Root which is a bufh of long white Fibtes, from whence {pring many reddifh round {mall Stalks, about a Foot high, which at firft lean downwards; they are Sicipipatiad with hard, fhort, and fharp pointed Leaves,’ {tand- ing as it were in'a Tuft together, with hard rough dents about the edges; the {piked heads are fome- what like unto fimall rough hard Burs, breaking out of a Skin, in which they were firlt encloféd.
LXXXVII. The Places and Times. The firlt of thefe is common to be found throughout all England in Ploughed Fields, and other like Grounds; the fe- cond and third are nothing fo frequent as the for- mer, but are more natural to.Sandy and Chalky Grounds; the fourth is likewife found in Fields which have been Plowed and do‘lye Fallow; the fifth is often found growing on old decayed Stone or Brick Walls in recs! places; the fixth grows not fo common as the Sif kind, or Creeping Rooted- Grafs, yet fafficiently plentiful in many Plowed Fields of this Kingdom; the feventh is alfo found in Plowed Fields, and borders of moift Meadows, near Copfes, Hedges, or Thickets of Wood, and in fome places near Ba/i/, the eighth and ninth grow in moift Meadows in feveral places of this Land, but have been efpecially obferved the eighth to grow a- bout Wi/ton, in a great Meadow lying among the Bridges, at the Towns end, belonging to the Earl of Poubrick. and the ninth at Warminfter, both of them in Wi/t/bire , the tenth, eleventh and twelfth have been obferved on our Sea Coafts, efpecially upon the Kenti/b Shoar; the thirteenth upon our Southern Coafts, in Florida alfo, likewife about Mompelier and Narbone in France, the fourteenth on fome of our Shoars, as alfo on the Venetian and French Shoars, about Mompelier, &c. The firft nine Flower and Seed in the beginning and height of the
ens the Stomach, and ftops Vomitings; the Roots are cold in the firft degree, and temperate in refpeét
XIL. *Ayeosis veiver, Gramen Pumilam vel nanum, Dwarf-Grafs, three Kinds.
XCI. 1. Snespmiav@, Gramen Xerdmpelinum , Gramen Pratenfe rubrum minimum,Red Dwarf-Grafs. It has a Root confifting of many little Bulbs, cover- ed with areddifh Film or Skin, with very many fmall, hairy, and white Fibres or Threads; the Stalk ' is fhort and round, and the Ear is of a reddifh color, not much differing from the Gra/s called I/chemon, but the Ear is fotter, broader, and more beautiful.
XCIL. 2. Gramen minimum Pratenfe album, White Dwarf-Grafs. This has many Fibrous or Hairy Roots, the Leaves are finall and fhort, as alfo the Stalk, the top of which bears a Panicle, not much unlike the Sma// Meadow-Grafs, but lefler; the co- lor thereof is fometimes white, and fometimes red- di ;
XCIII. 3. Gramen minus duriufculum, Small bard Grafs. thas {mall Roots, compact of little Strings or Threads, from which {pring forth many harfh, fowre, or Rufhy Leaves, about an Inch and half long; the Tuft or Ear is compaét of many Panicles, or very little Ears, which in feeling are very hard or harfh; the Gra/s is unpleafant, and not good Food for Cattel.
XCIV. The Places and Times. Thefé all grow in Fields and Meadows, more efpecially on Heathy, rough, and dry barren Grounds, in moft places of England, they grow, flourifh, and come to perfe- tion in the Summer Months, as other Meadow-
Graffes do.
XIIL. "Ayewsis mavziteca, Gramen Plumofum, Feather- Grafs, two Species or Kinds. A
XCV. 1. Gramen Plumofum, Gramen Tomento- Sum, vel Arundinaceum, Feather-Grafs. It has a
Summer, the laft five flourifh and perfett their Seed] Root which is tough and hard, from whence arifes at the latter end of Summer. a long benty Stalk, three Feet high, of more, naked, The Virtues. without any Blades or Leaves for the moft part, at
the tops of which grow bir Rei Heads or Ears, replenifhed with Chaffie and Downie Tufts, which
LXXXVIIL. The firft five of thefe Grafs have ) make a very pretty fhow. XCVI. 2. Spartum
all one and the fame Virtues, but the firlt of them,
Wounds; the Decottion provokes Urine, ftrength-
44
XCVI. 2. Spertum Auftriacum Clufij, Gramen Pinnatum Dalechampij , Gramen Pinson Hifpani- cum, Spanih Keather-Grafs. \t has a Root confift- ing of many finall graffie Fibres, from whence {pring {mall Leaves, a Foot high, round, green, and {ha poise’, and among thefe Leaves rife up many {mall talks, not exceeding the height of the Leaves, which bear a Spike, having three or four Seeds, ending in, or fending up very fine white Feathers, refembling the fmaller fort of Feathers of the Wings of the Bird of Paradice; it isa Native of Spain, but grows with us in our Gardens. XCVII. The Places and Times. The firft grows in very Fertil Fields and Paftures, and by their borders near Hedges, and flourifhes in Summer.
XIV. “Aygosss mavarbn, Gramen Polyanthum, Grafs many Flowered, Gramen Filiceum, Fern-Graf.
~ XCVIIL It is alfo called Heragroftes Grace, Gra- men Paniculatum, Gramen Paniculofum Phalaroides Lobelij, and is a fingular Plant. It has Roots and Leaves not much unlike the Common Meadow-Gra/s, the Stalk rifes to be about a Foot high, and at top thereof it bears a beautiful Panicle, (for which rea- fon the Spaniards and French call it the Lovely- Grafs.) This Head confifts of many little Ears, fha- a much like thofe of the Ordinary Quaking-Gra/s, ut longer and flatter, being compofed of more Scales, fo that each of them fomewhat refembles the Leaf of a Small Fern, whence the Name. Thefe tops when they are ripe and white, are gathered where they naturally grow, to beautify and adorn Garlands. ; XCIX. The Places and Times. \t grows wild in Spain and France, but with us in Gardens, and Flow- ers in the Summer Months.
XV. *Aacnixwg@, Alopecuros, Cauda Vulpis, Gramen Tomentofum Alopecuros vera Plinij, Foxtail-Grafs, three Kinds.
“Aytosis anomavesidn, Gramen Alopecuroides , Baftard
' Foxtail-GrafS, nine Kinds.
Foxtail-Grafs true.
C. 1, Smatere@, Gramen Alopecuros vero Plinij, Alopecuros genuina Theopbralts , Stelephuros, Phimy,
a —s
Salmon’s Herbal.
grows up with two or three foft mang Stalks, a 0
as hoary as the Stalks, on the tops of which grow fomewhat long, round, foft, woolly or hoary heads, ' fet with foft hairs, of a pale Straw bling a Fox Tail.
and Leaves it is much like the former, but the Stalks
Lib. 1.
The true Foxtail-Grafs, has a perifhing Fibrous Roor,
Foot high, with fimall, long, narrow, foft Leaves,
or, refem-
. 2. Alopecuros altera Anglica © Flandrica, Another Englifh and Flemifh Foxtail-Grafs. In Roots
grow not fo high, the heads are alfo fhorter and rounder, and not {0 woolly or hoaty.
Cll. 3. Alopecuros maximaiAnglica, The greaeft Englifh Foxtail-Grafs. From a like Fibrous Root the Stalks grow up to be half a Yard, or two Feet high, having fair lazge Wheat like Leaves fet at the Joints; and at the tops great, large, full, foft, and woolly heads, like the former, faving that they até much greater and longer, and this whether the stale is higher or lower. , .
CIil. 4. Gramen Alopecuroides majus,. The grea er Baftard fostail raf. It has 2 Fibrous 008, and rifes up with a Stalk three Feet high, with a few Leaves long and narrow thereon, te 8 formewhat great and long, but not fo foft and: woolly as the former. op
CIV. 5. Gramen Alopecuroides Cufpidatum mar® mum Anglicum, Our greateft Baftar Foxtail-Grafs From a bufhy fibrous Root {pring up many longa row Leaves, and among them Stalks:three Reet high, with few Joints and Leaves on them, at to which — ‘ ftands the longeft fpiked head.of. any , formes what pointed at the top, and.broadiat bottoms. with hay Hairs on the Husks, fomewhat! likes
ats.
CV. 6. Gramen Alopecuroides Cojpidee as The great Spiring. or Spiked: Baftar Foxtail-Grajs This.is like: that'at Sect, 202, N®.4y above, BUR)
foreads it felf under Ground, fhooting forth Leaves
be about two Feet high, with Leaves at the Joints, }
that the {piked head is longer, and {piring upwards, is fmall at the top, but fomething broad below, | little
with Oaten like Husks fer on them; the Leaves alfo Hairy Wood-Grafs broad Leav'd greater.
usks, containing within them {mall Seed.
are more, and much fhorter.
CVI. 7. Gramen Alopecuroides [pica afperfa bre- vi, Short rough Ear’d Baftard Foxtail-Gra/s. It has © a {mall white perifhing Root, from whence {pring up two or three upright finall Stalks, with f{ome- what narrow and foft Leaves on them, at whofe tops ftand thick fhort rough heads, an Inch and half long, not fully, but as it were half round the Stalk, the backfide being as it were bare, fo that they feem to ftand but on one fide; in thefe heads is contained the Seed, which is fimall and white. _ CVIL 8. Gramen Alopecuroides Spica longa ma- jus & minus, Baftard Foxtail-Grafs long Ear'd great and fall. Thefe Grafles are much like one ano- ther, one being greater, the other fmaller, both in Stalk and Leaf; the fpiked heads are long and flen- der, and of a whitifh color.
CVIIIL. 9. Gramen Alopecuroides minus Spica af- pera longa, Small Baftard Foxtail-Grafs long rough Ear’d. Kt differs from the laft, in being greener, more replenifhed with Stalks and Leaves,. the fpiked
fo V4 ‘al,
mum, Smalleft Baftard ga atl pointed. This is lefler than any of thofe going before, in Stalks and Leaves , but longer in both, as is alfo the Spike or Ear, which is very fmall, flender, and pointed at : ;
Hairy Wood-Grafs narrow Leav d leffer.
te, five P, eudofchenanthum, Another Baftard p y,,. vd
Foxtail-Grafs with a creeping Root , called alfo Ba- ie: ard Schanant. It has a creeping Root, which
and Stalks in feveral places; the Plant fomewhat tefembles the sreaef Englifh Foxtail-Grafs (at Sekt. aving that this has thicker, hard- er and ftiffer Leaves, like unto Rufbes, the Head or Spike is long and clofe, five or fix Inches long, of a Silver ale red, and the Husks redder, which when it has ood long, begi Downy fubftance to the ind.
CXIL The Places and Times. The firft and twelfth grow with us only in Gardens, the other ten grow in Fields and Meadows in many places of England, fome of them about Hackney , near Lon-
others of them in Kent, I have
don, and feveral found them all in Fields, Paftures, and Meadows
in many parts of Norfolk, and they all keep the times of Flourifhing and Seeding with other Mea-
dow-Graffes.
KVL “Aycwsss adorn Gramen Hirfutum, €? Hirfu- tum Nemorofum, Hairy-Grafs, and Hairy Wood- Grafs, nine Kinds.
CXIIL 1. Gramen Hirfutum latifolium Nemorum majus, Tbe greater Hairy Wood-Grafs broad Leav'd. It has a Root confifting of a tuft of many {mall long Fibres or Threads, and has feveral long and fomewhat broad Leaves rifing from the Root, fmal- ler to the end, greyifh underneath, and green above, fet about the edges with whitifh {mall long Hairs; the Stalk rifes up from among them, and comes to
CXIV. 2. Gramen Hirfutum Nemorum minus an- guprifolimm, The leffer narrow Ledvd Hairy Wood: Grafs. It has a Root fomewhat long, like a Cype- rus Root, with a buth of fmall long Fibres or Threads; the Plant is: leffer than the fixth follow-
Mmm ings
having at the top feveral fnall greenifh Flowers 10 -
» eee —a.”)—UC.!l le
Sie To
oo 200s]
ing, having many long and narrow Leaves growing | AVI]. “Agvet, befluca, Oculus Caprinus, Haver. at the Root, as hairy us any; the Stalk tae two = Grafs, or Peter-Corn, two Kinds. : i three Joints, and {hort Leaves of them, and at the »
_ top feveral {mall héids ftanding upright on a {mall hairy Foorftalk. © = | _ CXV. 3. Gramen birfutuin Nemorum precor ma- 4s tuberofa Radice, A greater early hairy Wood-Grafs with a tuberous Root. The Root is thick, fome- what fhort and brown, almoft like a Tormenti/ Root, with a great number of {mall brownifh hairs cover- file very thick; the Leaves are larger than the firlt, of a deeper green color, and as hairy alfo, at the joints of the Stalks are Leaves, as in the other, ~ fuch like heads or knops of Flowers as in the
rift.
CXVI. 4. Gramen bigfutum Nemorum latifolium minus Funcea Panicula, The defer broad Leav'd
“ ~ bairy Wood-Grafs with Rufh like Panicles. \t is ve-| ES like in its growing to the firft, but that the Leaves , hereof are narrower, and the Panicle or tufted head at top of the {mall Stalks is fmaller, and fomething
refembling the tops of Ru/hes. at
CXVIL. 5. Gramen birfutum Nemorum majus an-
© guftifolium, The greater narrow Leav'd hairy Wood- Grafs. The Root is fmall and long, with finall Fibres adjoined thereto, this Plant is very like in its manner of growing unto the firft broad Leav’d Kind, but that the Leaves are much narrower, {hort- er, and turning downwards at firft, the Stalk is bare, without Joint or Leaf, having at the top three fmall, rough, and-almoft round fcaly heads fet together.
CXVIIL. 6.) Gramen birfutum Nemorum majus anguftifolium alterum, Another great narrow Leav'd hairy Wood-Grafs. \t has a {mall reddifh fibrous Root, from whence rifes up a Stalk, about two Feet high, and fmooth, bearing commonly at top a foft white Panicle, fomewhat f{pread abroad, and com- pofed of feveral fmall Scales as it were, in every one of which lies a fimall round blackifh Seed; the Leaves are few, a little hairy , and fome of them encompaffing the Stalk, the whole Panicle has two
_fimall Leaves fet at bottom thereof, the one rifing higher than it, the other lower.
XIX. 7. Gramen bhirfutum Nemorum minimum, The fmallelt hairy Wood-Grafs. This has a greater {tore of long hairy Leaves than the fecond, but in all things elfe, as in its Heads and Flowers , it a- oe therewith, but is indeed whiter than the
reft. ,
CXX. 8. Gramen birfutum Nemorum, five exile ferrugineum, Small brown hairy Wood-Gra/s. It has a Root which is: fmall and fibrous, and the Gra/s it felf is as fimall as the laft, but with leffer ftore of Leaves; the heads on the Stalks are woolly, and not fully round, but a little flat, and of a yellowifh brown color, and the Stalks themfelves are abour four or five Inches high.
CXXI. 9. Gramen ee capitulis Globofts, Globe beaded hairy Wood-Grafs. The Root is {mall and thready , from whence rifes long Leaves, as broad as the fourth Kind aforegoing, with fome fall foft hairs about the edges; the Stalks are a- bout a Foot high, with Joints and Leaves on them, the tops ‘being furnifhed with two or three round , foft, white woolly heads, compofed of many fmall Silver like Threads.
CXXII. The Places and Times. All thefe grow in many Woods throughout England, fome about Highgate, and in Hornfey Wood, and other places, and Flower all of them in the Summer Months, or near the end of Summer, except the third, which Flowers a Month or two earlier than the reft.
. tin
: Ge are ‘y
CXXIIL. 1. ers Italica, Egilops Narbonen- fis, Feftuca Italica, Aegilops Diofcoridis, Erumentum Syluefire Sicilie, Italian Havergrafs, or PeterCorn, It has a Root compofed of a {mall head, with ma- ny long Fibres growing from it, from whi feveral Grafs-like Leaves, of'a pale green color; the Stalk is jointed in three or four places, with Leaves at them, and at the tops two or three heads, fet one above another, which are round, and fomewhat long, hard and ftriped, having feveral Beards at the ends of them; the Seeds are a little fimaller than Barley, each Seed wrapped up ina crefted Skin, out of which the Awnes put themfelves forth,
CXXIV. 2. Aegilops Bromoides Belgarum Lobe- lij, Feftuca prior Dodonei, Avena Syloeiet ie nigra Thalij, Dutch Havergrafs, ox Perer-Corm. It has a Root which is f{umewhat like the former, but the head from whence the Fibres proceed is not fo con{picuous, and indeed the Graft is very like the laft both in Stalk and Leaf, the top only isin part like to the Naked Oat, and in part to the former Havergra/s, having {ome Beards fet at every husk, within which lye long rough brown Seed. =
CXXV. The Places and Times. ‘The firft is fe ‘= quent in Ita/y and France, where it is found re their Corn, being a degenerate kind of Barley, and in fome pice the Poorer People ufe it to make Bread of, with us it is only Sown in Gardens; the = fecond is found as plentifully in Eng/and as the Low a ae and they are both ripe in July and Aue gufi. : oe aan
The Virtues. y te kt, ’
CXXVI. Lobe? fays that he had often tryed the fEgilops to be effectual in curing that ho ; in the Eyes called Atgilops, or Fiftula Lachrymalis, for it has a drying quality without fharpr he fo fays that the Seed put into Drink caufes 2) of DrunkennefS, and that the burnt Afhes of
Chap. 327. Engli/h Herbs. A51 EY IS SX SRE A OE = A EES nO Echinata Colum:sa, Gramen kelunato Capitulo, vel Capitulato, Hedge-Hog, or round prickly beadel Grafs. It has a Root compofed of many white Threads, fending forth fome few narrow rough Leaves, two or three Inches long, among which rife up {lender Stalks, fome higher fome lower, with one or two Joints, and Leaves at them, each having at the top a finall round head, fet with very fharp prickles, within the husks whereof lyes clear white Seed.
CXXXI. The Places and Times. The firlt grows in Watery Meadows and Fields, as in St. Georges Fields, near Lozdon, and fuch other like places , re other th ow in dry places, and old Mud “Walls, they all Flourifhing and Seeding at the ufual times with other Grafs: _
Stalks are good againft Pituitous Tumors, and the Gout, bathing with the Lye made thereof; and rhat it diffolves hard Tumors and Kernels in the Flelh, difcuffing Swellings of the Joints. For the Fiftula Lachrymalis. Take the whole Plant, Root and green Seed three parts, Roots of Wild Oats one part , boil in a fufficient quantity of Water till a third part és confumed , ftrain, and add an equal quantity of Ho- ney, and boil to the thicknefs of a Syrup, to every Quart of which add fine Aloes in oe Pouder one Ounce, mix and diffolve, in which wet Tents , and put them up the Noftrils. Dodonaus. <Adfo the Fuice of the Plant mixed with Barley Meal to a foft Pafte and infpiffated, i good for the fame purpofe , mix a little of it with Damark Rofe Water to a thick- nefs, and apply it Plaifterwife to the Egilops or Fi- ftula, and it will cure it; it alfo te tens and difcuffes bard Tumors in other parts of the Body.
XIX. “Ayewsis povaraidns, 9 mavysvarn, Gramen Gea niculatum, Kneed-Grafs, two Kinds. CXXXIL. 1. Gramen Geniculatum Pratenfe has a fibrous and hairy Root, from whence come ftraight upright ftrawy Stalks, with manifold Joints, like to thofe of Corn, which are very large and _confpi-
XVIII. “Ayewsss tavedurt, Gramen Echinatum, Hedge- Hog-GrafS, or prickly headed Grafs, four kinds. Med], 40g YOR - ]} { and bearing at their tops {piky rough Panicles, of a . of dark brown color.
1 CXXXIIL. 2. Gramen Geniculatum Aquaticum, Water Kneed-Grafs. It has a thready Koot like the former, from which rife many long and flender Stalks, jointed with many large, knobbed and gouty Knees, almoft like unto Reed, fet with broad flaggy Leaves, fomething fharp pointed, bearing at their
Branches, of a duskifh color. CXXXIV. The Places and Times. The firft
grows in fertile and moift Meadows, the other in moift and plafhy Fields, and places apt to retain much Wet, alfo at the bottoms of Banks, by Ditch and Hedge fide, and flourifh when the other Graffes do. XX. “Aveseis assudruz, Gramen Pratenfe, Meadow- GrafS, five kinds. Greater Ordinary (Medon y 0 . tay
CXXVIL 1. Gramen Echinatum vulgare, Com- mon Hedge-Hog , or prety headed Grafs , Gramen Paluftre Echinatum Lobelj, Gramen aculeatum Da- Jechampij. Yt has a fibrous or thready Root, which fends up divers Graffie Leaves, and among them fe- veral flender Stalks, leaning this way and that way, on which are fet fhort fpiked heads, very rough and a made of many husks, in which lies the
Seed.
CXXVIU. 2. Gramen Echinatum Italicum acule- atum Matthioli, Matthiolus has Hedge-Hog, or prick- ly beaded Grafs. _ It hasa fibrous Root, which fends up finall GrafS Leaves and Stalks, much like the Small common Grafs, but at the Joints.with the Leaves come forth fall prickly heads, folded in husks, and ending in three points, in which lye {mall
lo inted Seed.
CXXIX. 3. Gramen Echinatum planum, Gramen Spica plana Echinata Baubini, Flat Hedge-Hog , 07 prickly headed Grafs. Xt rifes up not much higher than a Palm or Hand breadth, and from a white made of many Fibres, it fends forth a few
Root, {mall hairy Leaves, an Inch long, as alfo a fine and Ay) {mall Stalk, with a flat {piked head, and very {harp HM ( Awnes at the ends of the Husks. ray ‘CKKX. 4. Gramen Echinatum Montanum Tri-| CXXXV. 1. Gramen Pratenfe vulgatins majus, buloides Echinata Baubini, Gramen Spica fubrotunda | The greater common res: It has aere mm 2 rous
* | ¥
cuous, having thereat many finall Graflie Leaves,
tops Tufis or Panicles, divided into feveral {mall —
|
TP rr Fe eT / 7 :
»
= ‘ ; ee et ee ae ——_- — n 7 | Salmon’s Herbal. — Lab. 452 almon s Jderbal. cobs PS * fibrous Root, from whence rife up many Graffie | mer, the which for their fweetnefs fome. Leaves, and among them feveral Stalks, half'a yard | among Garments, or Linnen, to ea
high , bearing a fparfed Tuft at the top of them, fomewhat refembling the Feather like heads of the Water Reed. :
CXXXVI. 2. Gramen Pratenfe minus, Te See Meadow-Grafs. This in its Roots, Leaves and Stalks is not much unlike the former, faving that it is e- very way fomething lefs, and its fpiked Panicles are manifold, growing upon the Stalk lefS and lefs, till they come to the very top. Of this kind there are two other forts, both finaller than this, the one with white tufted tops, and the other with reddifh tuft- ed tops, the firft more {parfed,, ‘the laft more clofe together.
EXXXVIL 3. Gramen mulriplici Panicula Pra- tenfe, Meadow-Grafs with manifold Tufts. The: Root is a thick bufh of white Fibres, from.whence: rife up divers Stalks, a Span long, jointed, and a: little bending downwards ; the Leaves are {mall | Grafs Leaves, and the Tufted Head or Panicle is manifold, and much divided, which when ripe grows hard, and is of a fad reddith color-
CXXXVIIL. “4. Gramen Pratenfe Paniculatum molle, Soft Tufted Meadow-Grafs. \t has a hort bufhy fibrous Root, from whence feveral long and {omewhat broad, foft, or woolly Grafs Leaves {pring, from-among thefe Leaves 1ife up two or three Stalks, a Cubit high, with forne Leaves upon it, and at top comes forth a foft woolly fpiked head, much divi- ded, whofe-Bloomings are reddifh.
CXXXKIX. 5. Gramen odoratum Paniculatum Germanicum, Sweet Dutch-Grafs with tufted beads. It has a Root which creeps in the Ground, which is white, and full of Joints, fhooting out Fibres at every one of them; the Stalks are two or three Feet high, with but few Joints on them, whofe Leaves are almoft as long, ‘and fome of them exceed the height of the Stalks, being narrow, and fiall at the ends; at the top of each Stalk grows a Pa- nicle, but nothing near {0 much fpread as the for-
XXL. “Aypasss Oewiv, Oewtyeosis, GramenPaniculatum
delicatiore, Soft Mcuntain-Grafs with a reddifb or bright bay Pamcle. Tt has a fmall white Root, with fhort Fibres, which fends up three or four jointed Stalks, a Foot high, having a few {mall and fhort Leaves on them, and fuch likewife at the foot of the Stalks, but few in number ; at the top ftands a. brownifh or bay colored Panic,
compofed ef many very {mall husks: this is fome times found growing higher, and with larger Pani-
cles.
CXLI. 2. Gramen Mentanum Paniculatum altif- finum, Tall Fufied Mountain Grafs. Whasa Root which. creeps in. the veral Fibres, whence rife two or three very tall Reed like Stalks, two or three Feet or more high, bearing fair broad green Leaves on them, like unto Cyperus, © and at the tops of the Stalks many fmall tufted Pa- nicles; both Stalks and Leaves are fo tough, that fome Country People make them’Coats or Garments — thereof, to defend them againft the Weather, and Husbandmen make Ropes and Traces thereof for their Horfes, wherewith to draw their Ploughs. *
tain Havergrafs, or Oat Gre/s. It has imall cteep-
ing Roots: the Stalks are about a Foot and half = high, flender, jointed, and fet with fhort narrow
Leaves. At the tops of the Stalks grow the Ears, . which are long, flender and bending, compofed of
‘| Downy Husks, containing a Seed like to a naked
Oat.
CXLIIL. 4. Gramen Montanum picatum Clufi Mountain fpiked Grafs. _\t has a if } 1 Fingers thicknefs, parted’ fometimes into two or
of Leaves, each containing five or fix, fomewhat = fmooth, bare ad” Knotlefs Stalks, about a Foot high, bearing'at the tops feveral finall Flowers, fet
olium, Spiked Mountain Grafs with narrow Leaves.
Montanum, Mountain Tufted-GrafS, five Kinds.
CXL. ¥. Gramen Mentanum Panicula {padicea
three Inches long,
Ground, and furnifhed with fe-
CXLIL. 3. Gramen Mentanum avenaceum, Moun-
oot of about a
three Strings, with many: Fibres thereat, and fome- } what hairy at top, which fhoots forth feveral Heads
long, thick, and half hollow, like a Gutter, very like to thofe of the greater Thrift, compafling one another at the bottom, a little bitter and tharp in Tafte ; trom the middle of which {pring up _
Spike-fathion, ‘and of a greenifh color. : CXLIV. 5. Granien Montanum fpicatum angufti-
It has a Root which runs-under the upper ©
the Ground, full of fall brownifh Fibres, running one within another: its Leaves are long and mat- row, and its Stalks long and flender ; atthe tops of which are fpiked Heads, not much the for- mer. . CXLV. The Places and Times. They alkgrow upon Hills and’ Mountains in many places — . land, as alfo in other Countries ; aud-they flour . and feed when other Grajes do. The Seed of the
third is ripe in Fu/y. “ On
XXIL *Aygesis wy xecaia, Gramen. Mailiar ie Miliarium., vel Miliaceum Miller Graf, Kinds. hha P
it su i
CXLVI. 1. Graman Miliaceum vulgare, Co
Millet Grajs. Yt has a buthy and ht trom whence tif up flender jointed S
two_or three fomewhat large Leave the top of each Stalk is a pread
- | vd f é : ( '
Chap. 2 27. Englifh Herbs.
many long Feather-like Sprigs, confifting of many usks ; within which is contained
| fimall chaffy H | {mall Seed, which Birds greedily eat.
we “allt
SSS
> (TRAY
11 irs
Vrr rer : iw
CXLVII. 2. Gramen Miliaceum Panicula fpecio- Sa, Gramen fegetum Panicula fparfa, Mullet Grafs with a fair Panicle, or Corn Grafs with a fparfed Panicle. It has a bufhy fibrous Root, like the for- mer ; and grows up with a few long, foft, green Leaves, like to thofe of Millet, fome below, and others upon a ftiff, tall, round, fmooth, green, joint- ed Stalk, a Yard and half high, bearing on its top a buthy, large, {preading Tuft, fpread round into many flender Branches, very like in its Form, Parts and manner of Growing to the former Mil/et Gra/s, faving that it is not only larger, but alfo more beautiful. |
CXLVIIL 3. Gramen Miliaceum alterum, Ano- ther Millet Grafs. The Root is fibrous and red- difh, it has but a fimall weak Stalk, not much a- bove a Foot and half high, witha few narrow Leaves, four or five Inches long, growing at the bottom, and two or three thereon at the Joints. The Feather-like Tuft at the top is fpread abroad, like the former, but the chafty Husks are much fimaller and finer.
CXLIX. 4. Gramen Miliacea Panicula arundina-
. ceum, A Reedy Grafs with Millet like Panicles. \t has a white fibrous Root, which fends forth feveral Reed like Leaves, yet fhorter than the laft , among which rifes up a Stalk or two, about a Foot and half high, with two Joints thereon towards the tops, ‘and narrower and longer Leaves growing at them: at the top fpreads forth a Feather like Tuft, not much unlike the firft, and of about three Inches
long. ;
CL. 5. Gramen Miliaceum Indicum, vel Gramen
Sorghinum, Indian Mullet Grafs, or Pipe Grafs. It
thas a fibrous Root ; from whence {pring up Reed
‘like Stalks, half a Yard high, or fomething more, . With fair long Li//y like Leaves thereon, and a {pread
rm eee
ao Met ee ee De 8 ek
453
fpiked Top, confifting of many Pavicles or Parts:a-
bove, fomewhat like unto’ the bediag Millet, bur : with larger Seeds therein than im the Miler. Label calls it Gramem Jonarum Flandrorum , becaufe Boys © there make Pipes of its Stalks. .
CLI. 6. Gravien Miliaceum Indicumalterum, vel ;
Gramen high nite alterum, Another Indian Millet
Grafs. \t has hollow Stalks, like the laft, but they
are weak, bending down to the Ground, and fhoot
out Fibres at their Joints, whereby it roots it felf
afrefh ; having narrow long Leaves on them, the
Stalk feeming, as.it were, to run thro” them, like
to a Pipe; and at the top fuch alike {pread {pi whofe Husks in the feveral
'Head as the former,
parts of it are {maller. :
CLI. The Places and Times. The fecond grows in the Borders of Corn-fields, and Grounds which
| have been Plowed, and flourifhes chiefly in the be-
inning of Summer. All the other grow dlfo in
ields, and by Hedge-fides, as well in England as in other Countries, tho’ obferved but by few who are curious in Herbarifin, and fourifh in Fune, Fuly and Auguft.
XXIIL “Ayeosss Besusra, % Ceomordus, Gramen Avena- ceum, Oat Grafs. Twenty two Kinds.
reat hairy i Cate Grafs biz . SX S YE SR
* Vigo a Ga H/ ‘ oN
CLIIL. x. Gramen Bromoides maximum birfutum, The greateft hairy Oat Grafs. It has a buthy fi- brous Root, and the Plant is all hairy : , the Stalks and Leaves are greater than thofe of Oats, being four, five, fix or feven Feet high fometimes, whole Panicle at top fpreads into many chaffy bearded Ears, hanging down their Heads. It is found in Paftures about London, as alfo in Effex.
CLIV. 2. Gramen Bromoides fegetum Panicula la-
tiore, Great Corn Oat Grafs. It has Oar like oe our,
i i i
‘ing {mall upwards.
454 Salmons Herbal. Lib.
as many Leaves almoft as any Gra/s. The fpiked Head is three or four Inches long, and fparfed or divided, each fmall Ear being bearded. It is often found upon old Mud-walls which commonly en- clofe Fields.
~ CLXL. 9. Gramen Avenaceum fupinum Arvenfe Low Meadow Oat Grafs. \ts Leaves are as fina as the laft, an Inch or Inch and half long. / Stalks are flender and weak, leaning downwards, with a few bearded Husks, and Spike-fathioned at
four, five or fix Feet long , the Leaves are fhorter and narrower , the top is much fpread, having di- vers Ramifications, with many branched cha Ears coming forth at @ Joint, broadeft below, and {pring-
Great Corn Oat-Grafs.
- CLXUL 11. Gramen Avenaceum exile, foliis mollicellis, Small foft-leav’d Oat Grafs. Xcis very like the Gramen exile durus, 1o that it may be ea- fily miftaken for it, and differs therefrom only in the Leaves, thefe being longer, ahd foft, as evade Plant is, and not above halt'a Foot high, and fpiked at its top, its parts being alfo winged. — eK
CLXIV. 12. Gramen Avenaceum altero alteri innatum , Small Oat-Gra[s one bead fet on another. It is a fine fmall Grafs, and much refembles the Gramen Britanicum Maritimum, having divers hard Hair like Leaves, with very {mall Stalks, a sa or eight or nine Inches high, fome of which their {mall fharp Husks at their tops only, as fome others do, and others of them out of a. of Leaves in the middle of the Stalk fend forth ano- ther fhort Stalk, with fich like fharp Husks on them as on the other.
CLXV. 13. Gramen.Avenacenm Montanum Clu. Sij, Mountain ong with hoary husks, Vt has
eral long Fibres, the Stalks
-
CLV. 3. Gramen Avenaceum incanum, Great hoary Oat Grafs. \t has {hort narrow Leaves, fome- what hairy, and a little hoary withal. The Stalk has but few Joints. The Panicle is fpread, like the b Jaft, but leffer, and is {omewhat hoary. This is|a Root confifting of fev fometimes found leffer , and grow both of them |are flender and jointed , a Foot and half h in the Borders of Corn-fields, both in Effex and | very narrow and long Leaves, and at the pe Kent. me head, bowing the head clofe, wi woolly CLVI. 4. Gramen Avenaceum Pratenfe, Meadow | {hort husks, containing Seed like to thofe of Na- Outen Grafs. thas many Leaves growing next} Aed Oats. the Root, which are long and narrow 5 and the} CLXVI. 14. Gramen Avenaceum Montanum al- Gtalk is leMfer and lower than any of the former, but) terum, Another Mountain Oat-Grafs without hoary the Panicles or Ears ftand at top, leffer fpread, and husks. It differs not in any thing from the former, not hoary, every one upon its own Foot-{talk. but in the fpiked head, whofe husks are not hoary,
CLVIL 5. Gramen Avenaceum Jquamofa gluma,\ as thofe others are. Scaley-eard Oaten Grafs. It has narrow Leaves,} CLXVII. 15. Gramen Avenaceum gluma rarwre eight or nine Inches long, a little hairy. The Stalk | /picatum, Spiked Oat-Grafs with a Sparfed, loofe, chaf- is flender, and has fuch alike Panicle as the laft ;| Ae Ear. It has a Sbrous or ftringy Root, and hairy, _ bur that the fcaley Ears ftand fingle, every one up- running, under Ground, it has flender, weak, clear on its own Thread like Foot-ftalk. Stalks, a Foot high, with long Leaves on them,
CLVIIL 6. Gramen Avenaceum innata longiuf-\ and at their tops weak, bending, {piky heads, thinly cula {pica, Winged Oaten Grafs. Jt has a flender} or fparfedly fet with {mall husks, containing Oat-
Stalk, higher or lower, according to the Place and | like Seed or Grain.
Goodnefs of the Soil. The Leaves are narrower CLXVIIL 16. Gramen Avenaceum Xerampel-
than the laft. The Panicle is fomewhat long, but| 7m, Red Oat-Grafs. This is fomewhat like the
{mall, and not much fpread, each Part being, as it] lait, but with much lower Stalks, clear ane reddil :
were, winged or divided into feveral pieces, upon] the husks at the top of them are more upright 7
one Rib or Foot-ftalk. longer, having the like Oa Seed in them. A leffer
CLIX. 7. Gramen Avenaceum filicea Pamicula| fort hereot has been found about Greemwich, ima
Xerampelina, Red Fern like Grafs. It has red fhi-| hungry Soil. .
ning Stalks, a Foot high. The Leaves are foft and] CLXIX. 17. Gramen Avenaceum locufls rubris,
narrow. The Panicle at the top is three or four | Out-Grafs with red husks. It has a Root which is
Inches long, of a whitifh green color, divided into long and white, like unto Dogs-Gra/s, or Quitch- —
many winged Branches, many Parts being fet on both | Gra/s, creeping in the Ground , having next eS
fides the Branch, and each Part divided, like a Fern | Earth narrow {hort Leaves, where the Stalk is 76 rest difh, but they are longer up higher; the hu $ are
X. 8. Gramen Avenaceum murorum erettum, \Set {parfedly at the tops, all on one fide
CL Upright Wall Oat Grafs. _\t grows upright, fome- moft part, and are of a dark reddifh e cl times a Span, and fometimes a Foot high. It has} but white within, with {mall Grains within th CLXX. 18. Gran
/
a eee
Chap. 327.
Oat-Grafs with party colored husks. It has a Koot which is thick, and ‘is covered with a rough white Bark, the Leaves are green, long and narrow, from among which rife up two or three {mooth and brittle naked Stalks, a Foot high; bearing a fhort {pike of {mall husks, of divers colors.
CLXXI. 19. Gramen Bromoides, five Avenace- um pauct Granum Coma nutante fpicata, Oat-Grafs. with few Seeds. It is fomewhat hairy all over, the
_ Leaves are of a fad green color, fet on Stalks three,
four, or five Feet high, at whofe tops is a fpiked bending head, having feven or eight fimall i, a with few Seeds in them: this grows near Woods fides in many places. . ' - CLXXIL 20. Gramen Avenaceum Sylvarum , Wood Oat-Grafs. It has a Root which runs creep- ing under the Earth, the Stalks are {mall in all the parts, and weak, being not above half a Yard high, with long, narrow, foft Leaves on them, and at their tops a few fhort husks, and open, like unto fome of the Oat-Graffes before.
CLXXIII. 21. Gramen Avenaceum exile , Small
Wood Oat-Grafs. This has a fibrous Root, and the Stalks are flender and fimaller in all their parts, yet notwithftanding ftand a little more upright; the ars tops are like the former. ‘+. IV. 22. Gramen Avenaceum gluma villofa Sylveftre , Hairy Wood Oat-Grafs. It has fibrous and yellowifh Roots, the Stalks hereof are three Feet high , with fimall narrow Leaves, four or five Inches long, .the {piked heads have fomewhat long and hairy husks, diftin@ly fet one.above another, and is often found lef$ by the half than the other.
CLXXV. The Places and Times. The firft twelve of thefe grow in many Fields throughout England, fome in one place, fome in another , fome in Mea- dow Land, fome in Plowed Grounds , and fome in Fallow; the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, fix- teenth, feventeenth and eighteenth grow upon Mountains, and on Hilly Grounds, the fifteenth and fixteenth have alfo been found pnt: in Den- mark; the laft four grow in Woods, and by Wood fides, in Mountainous Woods, and other Woody places: they all flourifh in the Summer Months.
XXIV. “Ayroris usawa'dus, Gramen Melinoides, Gra- men Paniceum, Panick-Grafs, fix Kinds.
_CLXXVI. 1. Gramen Paniceum, Panicum Sylve- fire Herbariorum, Wild Panick, or Panick-Grafs. It has a fibrous Root, like unto Penick, it has fome near refemblance alfo unto Mi//et in the {preading of the tufted head, being compofed of feveral parts, each part by it felf near refembling a Pamick head ; the jointed Stalk, with the Leaves thereon, are very | like unto Panick, yet much lefS in all, for which
. teafon it is rather referred to Panick than to Millet. CLKXVII 2. Gramen Paniceum Spica fimplici, Panick-Grafs with fingle Ears. \t has weaker and fmaller Stalks than the former, and fearcely rifing upright, with fhorter Leaves on them; thé tops of the Stalks are feverally furnifhed with a {piked tough head, fticking to any Garment it touches; it is {mall at the top, and full of finall whitifh Seed.
.CLXXVIIL 3. Gramen Paniceum Sylveftre, Pa-
micum Sylveltre Dalechampij, Wild Panick-Grafs of Dalechampius. This differs from the laft, in that it ‘OWS more uprights, and about two Feet high, the
have fev longer and broader, with one ufually under the hai fpiked head, which fticks fo faft to their Giriens which touch it, that it is difficultly plucked off
ea ~ 's PAA) , > “Ss »
Englifh Herbs.
CLXX. 18. Gramen Avenaceum glumis varijs,| There is another of this fort
roe Se
\ which is tound wich us in Exg/and, which is fmaller, elfe but very little differing. ; Ny Nope : :
CLXXIX. 4. .Gramen Panrccum driftis lengis ar- matum, Panick-Grafs bearded. . It has a Root con- fifting of many long Fibres, the Stalks and Leaves are not much unlike to the fecond fort of Puzick- Grafs aforegoing, but larger and taller, having divers brown heads at the tops, one above another, :rned with long and fharp Beards or Awnes, like unto Wheat or Qerey “ 4 waa
CLXXX. §. Gramen Paniceum minus; Panic/« Grafs the lefer. This is leffer than any of the othe:$ going before, having low bending Stalks, eight, nine, or ten Inches leng, and {harp long Leaves thereon, - with imall, long, chaflie Ears, like Cocksfoot-Gra/s,
fet {parfedly at the tops.
CLXXXI. 6. Gramen Paniceum Sylveftre Angli- cum & Africum, Panick-Grafs Wild of England and Barbary. It isa kind of Wild Panick Gra/s, grow- ing in feveral Woods with us, whofe Spike refembles Panick: the like hereof has been brought to us out of Barbary, having like Leaf and Head, and difters from ours only in largenefs. ;
CLXXXIL. The Places and Times. ThefeGraffes grow all of them in Eng/and, and the firft of them in France, ufually among Kubbifh, and in wafte Grounds, as alfo in good and Manured Fields , and bear their Heads and Spikes in the Summer Months, as other Graffes do.
XXV. “Aysoris earagedut, x» oaraereidnss Gramen Phas larcides, "aygosts tresun, % xaegrestn, Gramen I re- mulum, vel Tremulentum, Quaking-Grafs, Maids en hair-GrafS, five Kinds.
Quaking-Grafs G 8G
i
fT
CLXXXIII. 1.
Gramen Tremulaum maxinut ;
rafs like Leaves on them, but | Phalaris Pratenfis he Gramen Phalaroides Pani-
culofum , Gramen Paniculis Elegantifsimis, vel
‘Ecayeests majus Bauhini, The greatest Quaking-Grafs,
or Maidenbair-Grafs. It has many narrow 1 fF
456 |
like Leaves both below and u joi | pon the jointed Stalks, _ which are a Foot high-and better ; ae tops of
the Stalks grow a number of fmall, flat ,-and lon Mcaly like heads, greater than the following, am each of them on a fine hairy Footftalk, and pendu- lous, which are fometimes of a whitifh color when they are ripe, and fometimes of a brownifh green color, and are to be fhaken with the leaft Wind imaginable.
Quaking-Grafs Leffer.
* . & wD i) GD z > . oe H\\ (7/20 @ : TO oD >) a
> and other
; '
1
| upon a finall Thread-like Footftalk, as the others do, | and are almoft as moving and ftirring as they are.
CUXXXKVHL The-Places.and Times. “All thefe | forts of Grafes grow in Corn Fields, and in Lay Grounds,. which ‘have. beer formerly Plowed, a 1 ‘ | fome of:-them in dry, Meadows a Paftures ; = . ) firft, fecotid, third, ‘and fourth ‘kinds grow not only eS. | in England, ‘but alfo.in'Spain, Italy , Welt Indies , } and « ies; the third fort is found grow-
in Upland:Corn Fields; as at Hatfield, &c. on
6) ae Ang, te < @, | the Graflie Banks there; the ‘fifth kind is a Native
CLXXKXIV. 2. Gramen Tremulum repli, Pha- Z
laris Pratenfis minor Lobelij, FEgilops Trag neri in Hortis ,
It has a fibrous thing like it in form, Stalks, and a large Panicle or tufted head of green er, fhorter, and rounder Scale like pointed Ears {tanding on {imaller or finer hairy Foo former, which. are in fuch continual motion, tha
the moft fteady
color. .
CLXXXV. 3. Gramen Tremulum parvum, Small Of this there are two forts, little differing in Leaves or Stalks from the laft, the heads only are a little leffer, and fo is|1 the whole Panicle alfo, the one of which is Party the other is of a
Maidenbair, or Quaking-Grafs.
Colored, of Purplifh and Green , Straw Color and White. CLXXXVI. 4. Gramen let Maidenbarr,-or Quaking Gra/s. The Roots ar reddifh, creeping here and
{mooth, narrow, green Leaves at them, as the man which grow below are, but out of the u Joint and the Leaf, as it were out of a H
forth a fall, long, fingle Spike of {mall fcaly heads, | of a brownifh color, with yellowith Bloomings, at
their Seafon.
Gef- Gramen Polyanthos. Be eeail : The middle or leffer Maidenbair, or Quaking-Gra/s. Root like the other, and grows fome- but with fewer Leaves and
lks than the
Hand cannot hold them ftill, or from ftirring. Of this fort Bae/ has another, which is fomewhat larger, and of a dull or brown black
Tremulum minus, vel minimum Panicula parve Baubint, The {mall or {mal-
there , from whence rife up two or three (hort Stalks, with few Joints and
of Spam, and: grows withwus only in Gardens, ‘which tho’ it. perifhes: Year, yet feldomrifesagain © of its own Sowing, butof the!Sowing thereof in the \ | Springs but in Spain it Sows it felf, and abides all inter, in regard they ‘have there no Frofts; the fourth fort flourifhes , ‘and is in Bloom -with us in May and Fune. . . ay
AXXVI. Kaaautyportss Calamogroftis, “Aysari nadayion audvs, Gramen Arundimaceum, Reed-Grais, thir- my!
teen Kinds, of which feven are of the Land Kind, ra of the Marjb Kind, and three of the Water ,
CLXXXKIX. a. Calamogroftis, frorGresech rae inace Gramen Arundinaceum Spica mul- tiplici Baubini,, Vhe greater Reed-Grafs. It has a
; Threads, and fome read in the'Ground, ftom
oS rx < a] => fo} ° fom —_— [o) =] aa a ° ° La = | oy gS ww rs Ss a e FX) < 5 “GQ ~ ae
ftance in them, are carried Another Kind 4s 1effer, and not fn two Spikes thereon. os . CXC. 2. Calamogrofiis altera minor, five Gramen Arundinaceum minus Norwegicum, The lefjer Reed- ‘8 Grafs. The Root confifts of many long” rings, from which rife up Stalks, (
]
t
not fo high as the for- mer, which, as well as the Leaves , are fomewhat
harder or rougher than the former, (which yet ae Norway are much more hard and rough) the fpokie Tuft at the.top i eral
is larger, more f{pread into feverat — Panicles, {harper alfo, and a little rougher in hand- +
a) 4
a a Pal RI CXCI. 3. Calamogroftis nofiras Syloe Foannis, = Reed-Grafs of Fobn's Wood. Mt tere white RK ot, a
with thick Strings , which fometimes the Ground, it is in its Stalks and Leaves a litt like the next Woolly Reed-Grafs, but the Stalks are — jointed in two or three places to ight ve or four Feet, or more, with narrower i er, and almoft three Feet long, being:a | tle’ withal; the top Panicles are fometimes a F
t| more long, parted into ma : Spikes, W hich are as fott as Silk , rae ee Ver WO >
CXCIL. 4: Calamogrofiis , five Gramen 4 Jum, Woolly Reed-Grafs. It has ‘a Root:
€
| Chap. 327. Enghifo Herbs, 457
“fomewhat hard and rough at top, with feveral long Fibres proceeding trom it, the Stalks are three or
four Feet high, or more, having but few Joints; thefé Stalks are rough, and bear large {piked heads, | fet up a long Panicle, which are reddifh for fome | ~ “time, but growing to ripeuefS are of a fhining Silver
like whitenefS, and as foft as Wooll in handling ;
this Plant in its roughnef$, drynefs, and form of,
| Leaves, is not much unlike to that Baftard Foxtail- Grafs called P/eudofchenanthum, of Baftard Squi- ‘nanth, at Se&t. 111. aforegoing, but much greater. } _ CXCUL 5. Colemegrofis Panicula Torofa, Large, . round, Tufted Reed-Gra/s. Its Root is pane | Aringy, it has narrow Leaves, fomething fotter and | gentler in handling than the others before, yet not | eaten by any Catrel except Goats; the Tuft or Pa-
nicle it felf is more round and thicker, with fhorter . heads, fet clofe together like fmall Knots or Knobs,
but fomewhat flat on one fide, its Bloomings are of
a yellowith purple color, and fome of its Panicles
| are found to be more long than round.
CXCIV. 6. Calamogro|tis Montana Enodis, Scir-
ted primus Tragi, The greater Mountain Reed-Grafs. . t has a Root of fome fmall fubltance, hard, and
Paving many Fibres adjoining to it, it grows up with
ong Stalks as high as a Man, without any Joints. on them, or having but one at the moft, having
; thereat not hard, but foft long Leaves; at the tops of the Stalks are many long, flender, chaffie Spikes, growing more fparfedly than the others, each of which , of bright reddith yellow color, and ftand- ing upright.
he ACV..7, Calamogroftis Montana Enodis minor , The leffer Mountain Reed-Grafs. The Root is like the former, but the reft of the Plant is much lower and fmaller; the Spikes are alfo fmaller and fhort- er, and not ftanding fo upright. CXCVI. 8. Calamogroftis Paluftris maxima, Gra- men Arundinaceum Palujire maximum, Great Marfh Reed-Gra/s. It has a Root which creeps far about in Wet Marfhy places, from which it fhoots forth great thick, and very tall Stalks, four, five, or fix eet high, jointed up to the tops, with long and fomewhat broad, hard, rough, and ftraked Leaves | fet thereon, but lefS than thofe below; towards the | tops of the Stalks with the Leaves come forth a | Tparfed Tufis of chaffie heads, ftanding on final long Footftalks , the whole Panicle being at leaft a
Foot one and fometimes more.
CXCVII. 9. Calamogroftis noftras gluma Acerofa aoe , Our great Marfh Reed-Grafs with chafie beads. It has a jointed reddifh Root, from whence {pring many fair large Reed like Leaves, not much unlike to thofe of Mi//et-Gra/s, but harder, rougher, : _ and ftraked all the length of them, having great Reed like Stalks, three, four, or five Feet high,
jointed alfo and branched, and towards the tops ha-
ving large and fomewhat hard Panicles of {piky
. chatfie heads, each of them about feven, eight, or
nine Inches long, of a whitifh color in fome places,
and reddifh in others, in which chaffie or husky Heads there lyes fmall Seed.
; -CXCVII. 10. Calamogroflis, vel Gramen Arun-
dinaceum Paluftre Sericea molliore fpica, Soft beaded
Marfh Reed-Gra/s. The Root is compofed of fe-
veral {mall Fibres or acings fet together at a head,
it grows fomething like the laft, but leffer, with
narrower and fhorter Leaves, and lower Stalks, ha-
Ving but few Joints and Leaves on them; the tufted
which ftand at the tops are fomething like to
Rifh which is called Bajftard Schananthum, and
a into Down, which is carried away with the
. €Xcix. 11. Calamogroftis Aquatica major, Gra- men Arundinaceum Aquaticum He; Grae Daten
a",
‘Reed-Grajs. It has Roots
the fifth grows in the like places; the fix
; which run and {pread themfelves far, fhooting ite pas Paley the Stalks are eat and tall, full of Joints, with large Reed like Leaves at them, ftriped with White and Green, like Ladies Laces, but not fo evidently to be sir up to the top almoft, where ftands a large and foft tufted Panicle, confifting of many Branches pelt dl almoft like to the Vu/gar or Common
eed.
CCI, 13. Calamogroftis, five Gramen Arundina-
ceum Saar Panicula {peciofa, Fair headed Wa-
high flenderly fet on the Stalks, a little rong on the ed- ges, fome of whieh will be hollow, like a Trunk,
Grafs. . It rifes to be three Feet or more the Leaves are broad, and a Foot long, but
eae the ri = go tare oe pak the top Pa- nicle ismade of many fine, foft, ftaly Tufts, very beautiful to behold, -
CCIL The Places and Times. The firft and fe-
cond grow in moift Meadows, which are Sandy, and
rather Barren than Fertile; the fecond alfo is found growing in fome moift Fields near Hackney, the third is exprefféd in its Title; the fougth in the bor- ders of dry Fields, and by Hedge fides, in many Countries of this Kingdom, efpecially in pies 3
and fe- venth grow in moift Woods which are on Mountains
and Hills; the eighth grows in Pegg Sag and Ditches overflowed with the Tide, I
ve found it growing in fome parts of Carolina, the ninth and
tenth grow in low moift Grounds by Ratcliff, near London, the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth grow
in Ditches, Ponds, and Lakes in fevgral bie of England, as alfo in other Countries ; the firft feven,
as alfo the other fix, flourifh in the Summer Months,
and their Stalks perifh before Winter.
XXVII. =pesreyeosss, Schanggroftis, “Aygwsts cyowadns,
* ox, Gramen Funcewm, Ruth-Grafs, feven- teen Kinds, vis. feven of the Land, fix Marfh Kinds, and tour Water Kiads, of all which in
order. CCUL 1. bia 29 communis, vel Gramen Funceum vulgare, The common Rufh-Grafs. Its Root confifts of brownifh yellow Fibres or Threads, the Leaves are almoft round, feven or eight Inches long, from among which {pring up the Stalks, which are about eight or nine Inches high, which bear at their heads tn {mall Panicles Spike fafhion, one above another,
CCIV. 2. Schanogrofiis Montanum fpica Subce- rulea Cambro Britanicum, Welfh Mounttin Rufb- Grafs, Fyom a fibrous or ftringy Root {pring up a great many fine, flender, Ru/> like Leaves, nearly a Foot and half long, from among which rife up two or three flender finall Stalks, eight or nine Inches long, and much lower than the Leaves, bear- ing at their tops,. from between two Leaves, which are rather like Skins , being broad below and fmall towards their ends, yet — the one longer than the other, a fall, ipiked, fcaly head, of a fine blewifh color.
CCV. 3. Schwnogroftis » ft Gramen Funceum Speciofum minus, Anotber - or Excellent {malt nD -
a eed ha las 4 ee
— ~~. "ern
. or Hofe, fet at the top of a fmall Fibrous Root,
458 Salmons Herbal. Lib. 1
Rufb-Grafs. \t is very like the former, but has | Panicle of which is fmaller, and fparfed in like much fmaller Rufh like Leaves, not above three or | manner. / four Inches long, rifing out of a hard brown Husk} CCIX. 7. Schanogroftis, feu Gramen Funcoides fparfa Funci Panicula, Rufh-Grafs with Rufh like trom among which fpring up feveral jointed Stalks, [/par/ed beads. \t has a Root which is ellowith, with fuch like Leaves on them, and a fimall head at | {preading it felf under the Ground , with long Fi- the top, like unto the former, but of a brown, clear, | bres; the Stalks are flender, fomething flat, and near Cheftnut color, and fmaller, as the whole Plant is, |two Feet high; the Leaves are finaller than the having two {imall Leaves thereat, as in the fecond |common fort, being about fifteen or fixteen Inches aforegoing. long ie: ny are alfo fmaller, and fpread with CCVI. 4. Schanogroftis, five Gramen Funceum \whitifh hea Daletboupit Dalechampius bis Rub Gr It has} CCX. 8. Schenogroftis , frve Gramen Funceum a very long, white, and fibrous Root, from which | Paluftre racemofo Semine, Marfh Rufh-Grafs with rife up a very great number of fmall, round, Ruj/h | Seeds in clufters. It has a blackith thready R like green Leaves , and among which {pring up di- | from which rife a few {mall Ru/h like Leaves, a vers jointed Stalks, with fome few Leaves on them, | from among them {pring u feveral Stalks, a Foot and at the top a fparfed fpiked head, fomething like | and half high, bearing at their tops, between finall unto the Holofteum Salamanticum Clufij, or Spanifh |\ong Leaves, a finall head, much like to a Bunch of Sea Plantane, confifting of many porplith Husks. pe, 3 in which the Seed lyes.
I. 9. Schanogroftis, feu Gramen Funceum Wood Rufb-Grafs with jointed Leaves.
Maritimum majus, Tbe greater Sea Rufh-Grafi. Te has a tufted fibrous Root, from which {pring many hard fmooth Leaves, fomething like rk a aeg from among them feveral flender naked Stalks, a- bout a Foot high, with Rujh like heads growing at their tops, but much fmaller. tt a CCXi 10. Schanogroftis, vel Gramen Funceum | Maritimum denfe bt aol Sea apes thick Jet. It has a Rufh like Root, and long hard Leaves, like Rujhes, growing thick and clofe together, the — Stalks are flender, and not much longer than the Leaves , every one of them bearing at their tops a {mall Head, fomething like to thofe of Rufhes. CCXIII. 11. Schanogroftis, frve Gramen Funce- um Maritimum minimum Zelandicum, The leaft Sea Rufh-Grafs of Zeland. t has a fibrous Root, from whence rifes a fmall bufh of Leaves; the whe | Plant fcarcely exceeds eight or nine Inches in height, from among this well a bufh of Leaves rifes up the Stalks, with fmall hairy like Leaves, anda {mall thick head at its top. * CCXIV. 12. Schenogroftis, feu Gramen Fume um Maritimum exile Plimoftij, Small Sea Raf Gra/s of Plimouth. \t has a Root confifting of ma- ny finall long Fibres, coming from one Head; the Leaves are many, growing thick together, andas fine almoft as Hairs or Threads, from among which rife up {everal flender unjointed Stalks, ee . ceeding fimall fharp pointed heads thereon, the Stalks being continued , and appearing above them, and pointed. This Gra/s has been found as well at Dever as Plimouth, in their Wet Grounds. CCXV. 13. Schanogroftis, feu ort fe Mab Maritimum magis exile pauci folium, Alefer Marfh Rufh-Grafs with fewer Leaves. Yt hasa fmalkand — {lender Root, and fewer and fhorter Stalks and Leaves than the laft, more foft and delicate in feel- ing, and whofe Heads are a little bigger, and prick- ly, the Stalk rifing above them, as Mm the owher. CCXVI. 14. Schenogroftis, frve Gramen Funct
um ate minimum nie Sqaamofo, A Bee t final- being
wy A, Ye yi NW 2a! — ¥, “is ae 2
Is hee Guy) )
CCVIL. 5. Schanogroftis Sylvarum , feu Gramen Funceum Syloeftre articulato folio majus, The greater jointed Wood Rufh-Grafs. Yt has a Root which creeps a little, repleat with many {mall Fibres, the Stalks are fomewhat flat, and very green, the Leaves are almoft round, with many feveral crofs Joints on them, the tufted heads at the tops of the Stalks , which are near three Feet high, are {pread into ma- ny Rufb like Panicles, and alfo fomewhat Hat. CCVIIL. 6. Schanogroftis Syloarum, frve Gramen Funceum Sylvarum articulato folio minus, The leffer jointed Wood Rufh-Grafs. It has a Root which is hard, {preading abroad, with many Fibres adjoining to it, from whence {pring up many Stalks, which take Root again in the Ground , and bear fuch like jointed Leaves (as in the laft) at the tops of the Stalks are fmall, fpread, Panicle Heads, very like | to the former, but fmaller by half in each: thef¥is| in the Leaves, for they are Jointed, like to th another of this kind which is yet fmaller, whofe | Wood Rifh-Grafs, and in the Heads, thele be Leaves are fmall and flender, but not jointed, the | fimaller, and more difperfed. cxvnEs -
Small Water Rufh-Gra/s. _\t has as few, but fim ler Leaves than the Eighth Kind aforegoing, being about two Inches long; the Stalks are about four or five Inches high, each of them bearing a fimall, reddith, fcaly head, with the top of the Stalk growing up above it. ) CCXVIL. 15. Schenogroftis, vel Gramen Jum um Aguaticum magis {purfa Panicula, Water Ri Grafs with a more {parfed Panicle. Te is very ke the laft in growing, the chiefeft differences 4 the Stalks, for they are greater and rife higher
-
Grafs. It has jointed Leaves, from among which | which rife up Stalks, a Hand high, or more, with certain] a Foot
chaffie Heads, parted into many Threads.
SII 4) em, wHaar¥p IN py) fh SOON
CCXIX. 17. Schanogroftis, feu Gramen Fun- ceum Aquaticum vulgare, The common Water Rufb- Grafs. It has along, thick, {preading Root, which fends up feveral jointed Stalks, and at each Joint a narrow Rufh like Leaf; at the tops of the Stalks ftand feveral, fomewhat like unto thofe of Ru/bes.
CCXX. The Places and vata firft feven of thefe Graffes grow upon 5 and ind places, Prec: them upon Hills, fome on Moan. tains, and others in Woods; the fecond grows on a high Hill in Wales called Berwin, continually cover- ed with Clouds and Mifts, and Watered with Show- ers, whilft at the fame time the Sun fhines fair in the Valleys below it; others of them grow in the Woods near Highgate, in Hornfey Wood, and in ma-
7
oO
ny other Woods of this Kingdom, as alfo in Mea-| |
dows adjacent to the fame, and do all of them flou- tifh in the Summer Months, viz. in Fume and Fu- dy; the next fix Marfh Rufh-Graffes grow in Salt Marlhes, and near the Sea fide, and other like pla- ces, in many parts of this Kingdom, the laft four grow in Watery places, and in or near Waters, whe- ther ftanding or running, and flourifh in the Sum- mer time, as all the reft do.
XXVIII. Caracsiiyewsis, “Ayeusis taddus, Gramen ~ Marinum, vel Maritimum, Sea-Grafs, Eight Kinds.
CCXXI. 1: Ofvdyeoris tasidns, Oxyagroftis Mari-
tima Dalechampij , Ser pointed Sea-Grafs. The Stalks are bufhy, and about two Feet long, full ot
Joints, and narrow Gra/s like Leaves ‘at every one of them, of a dark green color, and fo fharp at the points, that they are ready to prick their Legs who pafs by them unawares.
Chap. 327: ) Engh Her bs :
CCXVIII. 16. Schanogroftis, five Gramen Fun- ceum Aquaticum Baubini, Baubin bis Water Rufb-| Sea-Grafs.
CCXXIL 2. Gramen Maritimum afper{um,Reugh Its Root is a bnfh of long white Fibres, ends up feveral reddifh, round, finall Stalks, or more high, leaning at firlt downwards , encompafled with hard, fhort, and fharp pointed Leaves, ftanding as it were ina Tuft together, with hard rough dents about the edges; the {piked heads are like rough hard Burs, breaking out of a Skin which enclofed them. “on
CCXXIII. 3. Gramer Maritimum, vel Marinum exile vicinorum aggerum, A very fmall Sea Down-
Grafs. It has a Root which is finall and thready ,.
which fhoots forth divers {hort Stalks, two Inches long, full of fmall long Leaves like Hairs fet clofe together, and among them at the tops fimall Heads, like to the Catkins of the Dwarf Willow. CCXXIV. 4. Gramen Maritimum, vel Marinum y dipeaag Spiked Sea-Grafs. It has a Root compo- ed of'a bufh of many long Fibres or Strings, from whence rife up many long, hollowed, or Gutter Leaves, encompaffing one another at the bottom, from among which {pring up two or three Stalks, bare of Leaves unto their tops, where they bear long {piked Heads of greenifh Flowers, fet clofe toge-
ther.
CCXXV. 5. Gramen Marinum fpicatum alterum, Another fpiked Sea-Gra/s. It has long, flender, narrow, hard, and fharp pointed Leaves, growing often on low places fo near the Sea, that fometimes it wafhes over it, the Stalks are many and low, with fmall, long, and round Heads thereon.
CCXXVI. 6. Gramen Marinum majus Statice
uibufdam, Great Sea-Grafs, or Sea-Tbrift. called by fome Sex}, It has a pretty large long Roor, with fome Fibres adjoined, which fends up many fair, long, and fomewhat broad, and whitifh green Leaves, lying clofe together upon the Ground,*trom which rife up flender Stalks, naked to their tops, except in one place towards their middle, where they have two fimall Leaves turning downwards, contrary to almoft all other Herbs, and at their tops a Tuft of blufh colored Flowers, opening by de-
rees.
CCXXVIIL. 7. Gramen Marinum Americanum , Zrunxi Statice Americana major, Great Sea Thrift of America. It has a long Root, with but few Fibres thereat, from whence {pring up a vaft number of Leaves, almoft like the fat but they are narrower, of a fadder green color, and fomewhat fhining, with two Ribs in each, and blunt at the ends; it has flen- der Stalks, which bear alfo fuch a Tuft of Flowers, but of a white color, and break out of a Skin, which falls down about the Stalk.
CCXXVII. 8. Gramen Marinum minus, Smail Sea-Grafs, Sea-Thrift, or Sea-Cufbion. \t has many fmall, hard, fhort, green Leaves, growing thick to- gether, and f{preading on the Ground; the Stalks are many , of a Span high, without any Leaves on them, but at their tops, where grow finall round Tufts of bluth colored Flowers.
CCXXIX. The Places and Times. They all of them have been obferved to grow upon our Sea Coafts, efpecially on the Kezti/h and Suffex Shoars, the fixth grows on the Mediterranean Shoars, the feventh on the American, and they all Flower and Seed in the end of Summer.
XXIK. “Ayeorss ‘apy/etsa, Gramen Argenteum, Sil- ver-GrafS, three Kinds.
CCXXX. 1. Gramen Argenteum capitelis globofis, Silver-Grafs round headed. \t is the Gramen Luci-
dum Tabernamontani, and is thought to be the Com-
Nnn2. bretam
460
bretum Phnij, it has a fmall, bufhy , and fibrous Root, which fends up long Leaves, like thofe o
Wheat, which have fome {mall, long, white Hairs upon them, and about their edges; from among thefe Leaves rife up feveral Stalks, about a Foot high, with Joinrs and Leaves on them; at the tops ot thefe Stalks on each Stalk grow two or three round Heads, which are foft, white, and woolly, confifting of many fimall Silver like Threads, which are faid to fhine‘in the Night, and therefore called by the Italians Luciola.
CCXXXI. 2. Gramen Argenteum flriatum, Sil- ver-Grafs fireaked, called by fome Lady-Laces, La-
PSA and Painted-Grafs. ts Root is mall and hairy , and of a white color, like unto Meadow-Grafs, it has Leaves like to Miller in form, and-rough or tharp pointed, like to the Reed, with
many white Veins or Ribs, and Silver Streaks run- J i
ning along thro” the midit of the Leaves, fafhionin them like to Ribbons.or Laces made of white a green Silk, very beautiful and dele€table to behold ; ic grows to the height of Wild Pamick, with a fpo- ky top, not very much unlike, ‘but more compact, foft, and -chaffie.
CCXXXIL. 3. Gr amen Argenteum Spicis Tomen- tofis, Silver-Grafs with Cotton Spikes or Heads. It
has a hard, long, thready Root, from whence pro-
ceed many foft , downy, graffie Leaves, of a mean length, feldom exceeding two Feet, or two Feet and half in height, ftom among which rife up fe- veral Stalks, a Yard or Yard and half‘high, having but few Joints on them, not above one or two, with like graflie Leaves growing up from them; at the tops of thefe Stalks are long {piky Heads, fet upon a long Panicle , downy Tufts, regularly placed, from the bottom to the top , commonly at firft ofa reddifh, or Murry
like color, which when they come to ripenefS are of a {hining Silver like whitenefS , and as foft as Cot-'
ton or Wooll in handling.
CCXXXUL The Places and Times. The firft of
thefe grows in Woods, Copfes, Groves, and other like Woody places, in many places of this Land; the fecond grows in borders of Woods, and upon Woody and Hilly places in Savoy, but with us only in Gardens; the third in borders of dry Fields, and by Hedge fides, in many parts of England, and all ourifh with the Common Meadow-Grafs, or in the middle and end of Summer.
XXX. “Aveosis sayuned, 4 saxvadus, Gramen Spica- - tum, Spiked or Eared Grafs, eleven Kinds.
CCXXXIV. 1. Gramen fpicatum purpureum Pratenfe Dalechampij, Purple bn Meadow-Gra/s. Its Root is a bufh of white Fibres , from whence rife many Grafs like Leaves, but narrower , fofter, and greener, having feveral fhort Stalks, not a Foot high, with two or three Joints on them, fet with Leaves, at the tops of which, out of a round Skin or Husk, picked at the end, being the uppermoft Leaf, breaks forth a thick, fhort, and fomewhat flat Spike, of a delicate reddith purple color.
COKXXV. 2. Avbtzariu"Aycosss, Gramen An- thoxanthon Lugdunenfis , (7. e. Yellow Flowered ) Gramen ee Pratenfe, Yellow fpiked Meadow-Grafs. (ditters little from the laft, either in Roots, Leaves, Tafte, or Quality, fo that fome Authors have called the one the Male, the other the Female, the only difference is, that the Head or nike of this is of a pale yellow color, and in fome higher Grounds of a more reddifh and fhining co- Jor, and not enclofed in any Skin or Leaf, as the
which are a kind of chaffie and.
other, but ftanding naked or bare, being alfo flen- derer and longer. , ; ys ee CCXKXVI. 3. Gramen Spicatum, Spica smeltpl. ci rubra Pratenfe , Red Spiked me has a fall Root, made of a few Hair like Fibres, whence rife long and nasrow Leaves, Ribbed thro’ their whole length, and fo compofed as is fcarcely to be feen in any other Herb, for fome of them are © joi if one Leaf grew out of
‘another; on the top of the Stalk ftands a v long Head, con- fifting of a good number of reddith Spikes fet toge. ther one above another, which are fomewhat rough in handling.
ts Roots run under
fewer, brownifh at firft, and afterwards fomewhat reddifh , with many yellow Threads mixt among
lijs ib Gilioe
CCRLUL. 9.
Rabinum Baubini, Gramen Rabinum Gefneri, AM chief or a Gilliflower-Grafs. Athas a fibrou Root, proceeding from one Head , from which sie up many thick, firm, or flefhy, and dong po Leaves, like to thofe of Gi/liffowers, 1ying round compafg at the head of the Root, not A any Nerves or Veins in them to be feen, @ which Cattel will very well Feed. CCXLII. 10. Gramen Spicatum, Spica Columne, Double Spee of Columna, a {mall, whitifh, fibrous Root, which tene veral weak and leaning jointed Stalks, ” Gra/s like Leaves upon them; at the Stalk grows two feveral es, jointed | at their Feet, dented on their edges, with a Rib between, and confifting of three or | of Leaves like Scales, containing 4 nered Seed. )
7. .
‘up.
CCXLIV. 11. Gramen Spicatum Virginianum Spi- ca articulata , Spiked Virginia-Grafs having a. joint- ed Spike. \t has a bufhy Root, which lives long, and is a goodly Grafs, growing great, with many fair , large, and broad Graffie Leaves, very {mall pointed, and fomething hard in handling; the Stalk
is alfo and tall, “bearing a long Spike at, the
top, jointed in feveral parts, each of them almolt
re fan Inch a piece, being almoft round, yet a little a eS
CCXLV. The Places and Times. The firft five grow in Fields, Meadows, or Paftures, or near to them; the next five grow on Hills, Mountains, Woods, and Woody places, in many parts of Exg- Jand, as alfo in other Foreign Countries; the ele- venth grows particularly in Virginia, and they all Flourifh much about the fame times when other Graffes do.
XXXL. MucEsyewsss, Gramen Bufonum , vel Bufonis Flandrorum, Gramen Funceum parvum , Holofti- um Matthioli, Toad-Grafs, three Kinds.
CCXLVI. 1. Gramen Bufonum, vel Gramen Funceum parvum, The greater Toad-Grafs. It has a fibrous reddifh Root, and grows not to be above eight or nine Inches high, the Leaves are very {mall, and thofe on the flender Stalks and Branches from the Joints leffer, whereat, and likewife at the tops; come forth fimall, yellowifh, chaffie Heads or Husks, with fhort Awnes at the ends, each upon a fhort Foorftalk, one above another. -
CCXLVII. 2. Gramen Bufonum medium, The oniddle fiz'd Toad-Grafs. It difters from the tormer only. in icapmgninnde, this being of a middle fize between the former and the leaft, there is alfo one fomething {maller than this, whofe Heads are clofer or thicker fet together.
VIM. 3. Gramen Bufonum minimum, Gra- men Funceum minimum Holoftio Matthioli Congener, The f{malleft Toad-Grafs, or fmalleft Rufh-Gra/s, \ike the former Toad-Gra/s at Seft. 246 above. It has a very {mall and fibrous Root, and grows with fe- - _veral fmall and’ Thread like Leaves, {carcely an Inch _and half long, with yet fimaller Leaves on the Stalks, which are not above three or four Inches high, at whofe tops ftand two or three finall Heads, like to thote of Rufhes but with rounder Grains or Seeds “therein, and-fet clofer together. .
CCXLIX. The Places and Times. The firlt tows, in moift and wet Gropnds, the 7 i
in the Summer Months, wz. in Fune and Fuly.
XXXIL *Ayposis tdeg, § Cdurbdus, Gramen Agua ticum, Water-Grafs, feven Kinds.
Cie Gramen Aquaticum Paniculatum minus, Small Bearded Water-Grafs. It has a thick, hard, fibrous Root, which fends forth a round ftraked
Stalk, about two Feet high, encompaffed with feve- ral broad, rou le green Leaves, nearly a Foot long ; the Br ig a Span long, fparfedly or thinly placed, compofed of many whitifh Heads, ha- vin Be Awnes or Beards. " :
. 2. Gramen Aquaticum aculeatum majus , The greater prickly beaded Water-Grafs. It oe a {mall Root, which runs deep into the Mud, and fends up a Stalk or two Feet high or more above the Water in Ditches where it grows; the Leaves are long and narrow, bearing at the fers of the Stalks feveral finall prickly Heads, with ong Leaves at them. .
CCLII. 3. Gramen Aquaticum aculeatum minus , The gee rickly beaded Water-Gra/s. This is like to the laft both in Stalks, Leaves, and prickly heads, but fmaller, nor has it any Leaves growing with them as the others have.
CCLIL. 4. Gramen Aquaticum aculeatum alte- rum, Another prickly beaded or Bur headed Waters Grafs. It has long, fmooth, and tender Leaves, a- mong which sifes up a Stalk, abour half a Yard high, with a few Leaves fet thereon, and at the top many firiall rough Heads like Burs.
CLIV. 5. Gramen Aquaticum, vel Flyviatile Cornutum, Horned Water-Gra/s. It has a {mall and fibrous Root, which fends upa flender Sralk, about two Feet high, jointed at feveral places, and two fmall Rufhy Leaves for the moft part fet at each of them, growing fomething broad, and compaffing it at the bottom with a Jarge Skin, from whence alfo rife one or two Stalks, ending in a skinny Head, which has at the end three or four narrow Leaves, turning downwards, and feeming like Horns.
CCLV. 6. Gramen Fluviatile Spicatum,vel Aqua- ticum Spicatum , Spiked Water or Float-Grafs. It has a Root compact and Tufted, or bufhy in the Mud, compofed of many Strings and Fibres, it has feveral weak Stalks , leaning every way, full of crooked Joints, which are knobby, or round, taking Root again in divers places, having long and narrow Leaves _ them, which lye floating under and up- on the'Water; that part which grows up has fome Leaves likewife thereon, and a long, flender, brown fpiked Head atthe top.
CGLVI. 7..Gramen Fluviatile, vel Aquaticum Spica multiplici, Many pile Water or Eloat-Grafs. It has a ‘long and round Root, fomewhat thick, like unto Degs-Gra/s , fet on even Joints, with fmall Strings and Fibres, from which rife up long and crooked Stalks, croffing and winding, and folding one within another, with many faggy Leaves on them, more in number than the former, which Hor- fes and other Cattel eat greedily; at the tops of thefe Stalks, and fomewhat lower down upon them, come forth very many little Spikes or Ears, of a whi- tith color, compofed of two ranks of finall chaffie Seeds, fet alternately on the Stalks, each of thefe finall Ears being almoft an Inch in length.
_ CCEVI. The Places and Times. They all grow in watery Ditches and Ponds in many parts of this. and,
grow frond in
moift or wet places near Highgare, the third in low,
-moift, he Mary Land; they all Flourifh and Seed. er
SRP teen re a a CSET STD On on Land, but the two laft i i i , grow moftly in fhallow Riv ten Inches high, whereas the former comes to be
ps Saat and Rills, where the Water runs fofily. {ometimes fixteen or feventeen Inches, if in good moothly and eafily, they are alfo found fometimes} Ground; the Ear is alfo much lefs, and fhorter, and growing in ftanding Waters, and many times by | almoft without Awnes , or elfe they are very fhort tre(h Rivers fides; they all Flourifh and Seed in]ones. - June, Fuly, and Axgaht
of the Seafon. » according to the kindnefs
Way or Wall-Grafs Leffer.
XXXII. ‘Odbycwsts, “aygasis retngnh, “ayeasis Tis dy Mo eal ae Gramen de via, Gramen tale, Gramen Semite, vel Semitale, Way ot Wall-Grafs, four Kinds. ses
Way or Wall-Grafs Greater.
D)
y
CCLX. 3. Gramen Semitale maximum,vel Gramen Secalinum maximum, The greateft Way op Rear It has a running and jointed Root, with many Fi- bres adjoining, the Stalks rife up to be fometimes : two Feet high, and better, having but few and fhort i’ Leaves thereon; the Spike is fometimes two, three, \ or four Inches long, bearded, and very like unto an~ 7 Ear of Rye. A
CCLXI. 4. Gramen Semitale magnum,vel Gramen Secalinum minus, The great, or rather leffer R) Grafs. The Root in ‘this is wholly Fibrous, but otherwife it differs not from the former, faving that it is every ways lef, and the Ear (very ikea is many times not above half the length of the for- mer.
CCLVIIL. 1. Gramen Semitalevel Muriale majus, Gramen Hordeium, vel magis Secalinum majus, ‘The greater Way Grafs or Wall-Grafs, Barley-like-Gra/s,
CCLXII. The Places and Times. They ae upon wafte and untilled Grounds, by Ways and Path fides, and the fecond of them by Walls fides, and up Walls, efpecially upon Mud Walls, inal 4 all places of this Kingdom, they Flouri and Seed *. in the Summer Months, viz. in FuneyFuly, and Auguft. i ,
very one of which bears at the top a finall, long, whitifh, yellow Far, an Inch and half, two or three
XXXIV. “Ayeorss UAwSe¢, Gramen Nemorale, vel Nemorofum, Wood-Gtafs, four Kinds.
od
Zi
CCLXIIL 1. Gramen Nemorale, vel Nemorofum majus Spica rufefcente, The greater brown Wood- Gree The Root is a bufh of very fimall Strings — or Fibres, from whence fpring up many narrow graflie heat and among which rife 1 ny
{mooth round Stalks, without any oe
them, at the tops whereof :
Way or Wall, Barley or Rye-Grafs. It is in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Ears, and manner of growing very like the former, but it is fhorter and lower, and looks as if it was a Dwarf*Grafs of the fame kind ; I know many have taken it to be the fame, but it does really differ, the Stalk is feldom above nine or
q See ‘
| | |
|
Chap. 327. Engiih Herbs.
brownifh {piked Heads , feparated a little one from | trom whence rife up many long, flender, and Grafhe
another, and as it were a little Bearded. Wood-Gra/s Greater.
r hed man My
CCLXIV. 2. Gramen Nemorofum, vel Sylvati- cum Capillaceum Panicula alba, White Tufted Wood Grafs. It has a_tufted or bufhy fibrous Root, as {mall as Hairs, from the head of which bufh of Fi- bres {pring fall Gra/s Leaves, which grow thick and clofe together in a Tuft in a great number, and rifing to be about a Foot long; the Stalks come up from among the Leaves, about a Foot and half or more high, fmooth, and bare, almoft without Joint or Leaf on them, the tops of which end ina white Panicle , two or three Ashes long, compofed of {mall Husks with Beards.
CCLXV. 3. Gramen Sylvaticum , vel Nemorale minus, The leffer Wood-Grafs. This differs not from the firft or greater, but that it is in all its ah leffer and lower , the fall, chatfie, bearded
being fmaller, and nothing fo foft, but rather hard, and a little more {parfed. :
CCLXVI. 4. Gramen Nemorofum, vel Sylvati- cum exile durum, Small hard Wood-Grafs. The Roots are fimall and fibrous, being in a bufh, from whence rife up many fimall hard Leaves, about a Span long, or a Span and half; the Stalks are flen- der, with very few Joints and Leaves on them, at which Joints, and at the tops alfo, come forth fmall, long, chaffie Spiked Heads.
CLXVIL The Places and Times. Thefe all grow in Woods, almoft every where throughout England, and they flourifh when other Grafs do, wiz. in the Summer Months; they are never ufed in Phyfick , nor are they good Fodder for Cattel, but Goats will grow fat therewith.
yee "Eecbyewrit, “Ayewsis sexopben, '% ied us, Gra- men Lanatum, vel Bombycinum, Woolly-Grafs two Kinds.” ao CCLXVIIL. 1. Gramen Lanatum, five Bombyci- num, Gramen Funcoides Lanatum vulgaris, Common Woolly or Cotton-Grafs. thas a Root very bufhy, and fibrous, thrufting its Fibres fomewhat
» deep into the Moorifh Ground in which it grows ,
Leaves, almott like unto Rufhes, whence the Name Funcoides Lanatum, or Funcus Bombycinus; from among thefe Leaves rife up a fmall, flender, hard Rufhy Stalk, about a Foot high, fometimes with a few Graflie Leaves thereon, and fometimes without either Leaf or Joint, bearing ac their tops a Buth or Tuft, fometimes one, fometimes two, three, four, or more, of moft pleafant, fine, foft white Down, Wooll, or Cotton, as fine and foft and white as fine White Silk, fo that they feem to be rather fine foft
| White Silk like Heads, finer than the fineft whiteft © } Wooll that is, and ufually about the bignefS of a
Walnut, with its outward green Husk, which are fo eminent in ones Fye a far off, that they give much Delight and Admiration to the Beholders; thefe being tull ripe pafS away with the Wind.
CCLXIX. 2. Gramen Lanatum, feu Bombycinum minus, Gramen Funceum Lanatum minus, Small Woolly or Cotton-Grafs. The Root is, fomewhat black, and not much unlike the former, but this has many more Rufhy Leaves than that, but the Stalks rife not much higher, they bear at their Heads Tufts of Woolly or Cottony Heads, not fo large as the former, but are fmall, and fomewhat long, which being ripe fly away with the Wind, leaving a fmall Head of Seed; like a Crowfoot Head, behind it.
CCLXX. The Places and Times. They grow in moift, wet, Boggy, and Moorifh places, the firft on the Bog on 5 es Heath, near London, as alfo in Highgate Park, not far from the fame; the fecond has been found about Mompelier in France; they Flower in Fad.
The Virtues.
CCLXXI. Cordus fays, that the Decoftion of the firft in Wine, being taken warm, gives eafe in the gtiping pains of the Belly. The Woolly Heads are pinae! by fome to ftutf Pillows, Bolfters, and
ufhions with, far excelling in foftnef$ and good- nefs any Thiftle Down, Thus have we given you a fhort Hiftory of Grafes, which we think is enough,
tho’
463,
pO
‘
205 Saas Yd.
tho’ poflibly not the half of what are known, and | rough, and dark green Leaves , harper pointed, and yet-in this Chapter we have Named and Defcribed | fomewhat longer and narrower than the next; at the Two Hundred Twenty Six. | tops of the Stalks grow feveral {mall white Flowers, GAO | in rough brown Husks, wherein, after they are paft, is contained a write, hang 4 Fa ftony , —_ eed, greater than that of the fo owing, and almo like unto Pearls. he a
CHAP. CCCXXVII. Oy: G R OMEL the Greater.
LP HE Names. It is called in Arabick Kil, Cult, Colt, and Calub, in Greek Asdiomeuoy, i. e. Lapidem Semen obduritiem, in Latin Lithofper- mum, F Milium Solis, alfo Granum Solis , but Se- rapio fays, from the Authority of Aben Fulia, that it fhould be called Milivm Soler, from the form of the Seed, being fimall, as Mi/ivm, and the Moun- tain Soler , upon which it grews, it is the Gorgoni- um SEginochos, & Heraclea Phinij, in Englifh it is called Gromel, alfo Pear-Plant,.and Litch wale.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. greater, of which we fhall Treat in this Chapter, and /effer , of which in the next.
Ill. The greater Kind. Of this there are two fingular Species, viz. 1. Litbofpermes majus ere- dum, vel majus Legitimum , Lit ofpermum Horten- Je, Great Gatden Gromel, or Grear upright Gromel. Saxifraga tertia Brunfelfij, Milium Solis Sativum Tragi, vel Legitimum Clufij, paneress alterum Fruticofum Fohannis Thalij. 2. Lithofpermum ma- jus repens, Lithofpermum majus vulgare, The Great- er creeping Gromel, or Greater common Gromel.
Greater Gromwel.
ti ter, and Shooting forth
VI. The Places. The firlt grows with us in Gar- dens only, but Wild in fome places of Italy, and France next to it; the fecond grows Wild in many
VII. The Times. They Flower from the begin ning or middle of Fune weal September , the Sel
Garden Gromel.
_ 1X. The Specification. They are peciliar in oi ring the Strangury, provoking of Urine, and in break sa expelling the Stone, “s
. The Preparations. You may have thereftom, 1. A Liquid Fuice of the Herb. 2. An Effence f the Herb. 3. A Decotfion of the Seed. £ der of the Seed. 5. A Compofitum of the
The Virtues. .
XL The Liquid Fuice of the Herb. Yt provokes Urine, helps the Strangury, and is good againit
IV. The Deferiptions. The firff, or Great up- right Garden Gromel, bas a Root which is long and hard, or fomething Woody, with divers Branches and Fibres thereat, which perifhes not, altho’ the Stalks die away and perifh every Tear, from this Root rife up feveral upright, flender, woody, hairy, brown,
* and ‘crefted Stalks, very little, or not branched at "al, ‘on which do grow, without order, long, hard,
Se SS i ele
2 ( SS Ss oor
_ nicum, Pafferina Tragi
Stone and Gravel in Reins or Bladder, bur is not fo effeCtual as the Seed; you may give it Morning and Night, two or three Ounces for a Dofe, in a Glafs of White Port Wine.
XU. The Effence. Ii has all the Virtues of the Juice, and of the Seed, being ufed in the fame man- ner and Dofe, but is not fo powerful or {peedy in its Eftetts as the Pouder of the Seed is.
XIII. The Decoffion of the Seed. It is tobe brui- fed, and then to be boiled in Broth, or Poffet-Drink, or rather in White Wine: Dofe from four to eight, or ten Ounces, according to the Age of the Patient, two or three times a day , againft Strangury, Stone, Gravel, and Tartarous Mucilage impatted in the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder; where note, it is to be ufed for fome confiderable time.
XIV. The Pouder of the Seed. It is found to be of fingular force to break the Stone and expel it, whether it be in the Reins or Bladder, it alfo pro- vokes Urine being ftopt, and helps the Strangury , or making Water by ops, caufed by Sand, Slime or Tartarous ee obftru&ting thofe parts; it is indeed a pleafant, fafe, and effettual Medicine for the Stone and Gravel, being taken every Night go- ing to Bed, and every Morning fafting, for feveral days together; when the Patient is troubled with a Paroxyim of the Stone it quickly gives relief, pro- batum f Dofe from two Scruples toa Dram and half in White Port Wine, or in Broth, or in Barley Cream, or in Almond Milk, or in an Emulfion of the four greater cold Seeds; if it is given to two Drams in Womens Breaft Milk, or in White Wine, or in Parfly Water, it is very effeCtual to caufe {pee- dy Delivery to Women in Travail, who are not ea- fie to be delivered.
XV. The Compofitum. Take Pouder of the Seed three Drams , White er in Pouder one Dram, Ceterach or Spleenwort in Pouder half a Dram, mix them. This being takena Dram at a time, or more, in the Mornin ing, and laft at Night going to
Chap. 329. Engli/h Herbs. 46
rina Tabernamontant, Lithe/permam Quirtam Do b= nei, Pefferina Linaria Gerardi, Lithe/permam L'- nirté folio Germanicaum Baubini, Smill Germaa Gromel, or Sparrow Wort. 6. Lthofpermam Li- narie folio Monfpelienfe Lobeliy & Lugdanenfis , Small French Gromel with Flax Leaves.
<Yfrer Gromwell ‘
\
III. The Defecriptions. The frft, or Common
Bed, in the Juices of Plantane, Purflane, and Let-| {mall Wild Gromel, bs a Root which # not very
tice, and that for feveral days together, it certainly cleanfes, heals, and cures a Gunorrhoea, or running of the Reins.
CH AP. CCCXXIX. Of GROMEL the Leffler.
LSC HE Names. It is called in Greek Asdiome- uov waxes, G 8710, in Latine Litho/permon mi- nus, oY Milium Solis minus, and in Englifh Gromel the leffer, and Wild Gromel. Il. The Kinds. Of this there are fix Kinds, viz. 1. Lithofpermum minus vulgare Matthioli, Dodonei, Camerarij, sae Lobelij, & aliorum, Our com- mon fall Wild Gromel. 2. Litho/permum angu- Stifolium Umbellatum Baubini, vel anguftifolium fru- eee Matthioli, Narrow Leav’d Umbelliferous omel. 3. Lanepe se Anchufe facie Lobelij , Lithofpermum erettum minus Baubini, Small Gro- mel with tufted tops, or Alkanet like Gromel. 4. Lithofpermum Arvenfe Radice rubente , Lithofper-
long , but is replenifhed with many Fibres or {mall Strings, which fends forth feveral upright, hard, branched Stalks, full of Joints, two or three Feet high, at every of which Joints growdmall, long, hard , and rough Leaves, Ieffer than the fecond of the former, and of a dark green color, among which Leaves come forth finall white Flowers, and in rheir paces. when they are paft, greyifh round Seed , ike the other.
IV. The fecond, or Narrow Leav’d Umbelliferous Gromel, bas a Root which i bard and woody, cover- ed with a brownifh red Bark, from which rife up fe- veral woody rough Stalks, yet eafie to break, {pread into feveral Branches, about fix, feven, or eighe Inches high, with very many narrow rough Leaves growing on them, without any order, the middle Rib in them being fomething great, the Flowers {tand at the tops of the Branches, and fometimes from the upper Joints, divers being fer together, as it were in an Umbel, which confift of five {mall round pointed Leaves, of a blew color; or rather, being long and hollow, are parted, and cut into five parts, fet in rough green Husks, in which, after the Flowers are paft, there ufually grow two white and hard long pointed Seeds, fet together.
V. The third, or Small Gromel with Tufted tops, or Alkanet like Gromel. Its Root 1s long and woody,
mum Sylveftre Tragt, Fuchfij, & Camerarij, © ter-\ {preading under Ground , and covered with a rough
tium Dodonai, Echium minus Lithofpermo congener Gefneri, Anchufa degener facie Milij Solis Lobelij, Anchufa Arvenfis alba Thali, Lithofpermum Arven- Se Radice rubra Baubini, The fimall red Rooted
brownifh red Bark, from which rife many hard, brit- tle, woody, low, and hairy Stalks, rifing little a- bove fix, feven, or eight Inches high, dividing themfelves, even from the Ground, into many final-
@ Corn Gromel. 5. “hay Si minimum Germa-|\et Branches, on which are fet difperfedly {inall, Camerarij, Lingwa Paje-\ long, and narrow, rough os Leaves, whofe mid-
oe)
dle
466 Salmon’ Herbal. __Lib.1
_ dle Kib rifes up fomewhat high; the Flowers for
the moft part ftand at the tops of the Branches in a Tutt or Umble, many making a Tuft together, and fometimes alfo at the Joints with the Leaves, {tand- ‘ing in rough Husks, which are fomewhat larger than any of the other, and ofa fine blew color in fome, and white or reddifh in others , which being palt away, fmall, and fomething long, pointed, hard and white Seed follows, two for the moft part join- ed together. =,
long and narrow Leaves, fomewhat larger than the former, and not rough, as the other Gromels ate, the Flowers are fmall, of a pale whitifh yellow co- lor, like unto the former, but ftand many together at the tops of the Branches, where, after they are paft, fmall round Heads, like Coriander Seed arife, in which are contained round, hard, blackifh Seed, like unto that of Gromel.
IX. The Places. The four firft grow Wild in + many places of England, in barren or untilled pla , and by the Way fides; the two firft of them are faid to grow upon the Sea Shoar and Beeches in the Ifle of Thanet , near Reculvers , tee the _— = Wild Buglofs there growing; t uth found a in Corn Grounds, as alfo in the way c from Briffol to Bath, as Lobel fays.
X. The Times. ‘They all Flower from Midfum- mer to September , the Seed ripening in the mean wer The Qualities, Specification Preparations
. The Qualities, Spec et tions , and Virtues of thefe are the fame with thofe in the aforegoing Chapter, faving that thofe in the former Chapter are much the more effeftual, and of thofe in this Chapter the firft is only wfed in Phyfick.
4%
CHA PP. CCCXXX,
gn
of GROUND-PINE,
Small fy Grommell on, ee is | tufted tops GOU T-IV 735 a OR, _
FIELDCYPRESS. :
LQ HE Names. It is called by: the Arabians SS. Hamafitees, 7 Chamafithios, in Greek Xauate site aus, in Latine Chamepitys, (quafi Humi Pinus, vel Picea;) it is called alfo Ajuga, & Abiga, (ab Abitis = odore, as Fane thinks, fu he poor ab Abi:
enda partu & procurando.Abortu , ‘PlinyHays, aici- a te ter aoe € ab alijs Thus Terra.) Some : call it Iva Arthritica, (becaufe of its ais) ‘incu .
4, LOTTI
VI. The fourth, or Small red Rooted Corn Gro- mel. It bas a Root which is fomewhat reddifh , but little or nothing coloring the Fingers of fuch who touch it; from this Root fhoot forth three or four rough Branches or Stalks, divided into other fmaller ones, having many fmall, long, narrow, hairy, dark green Leaves growing on them, very like thofe of the former Gromels, but not fo hard or long, but fet without order in like manner; the Flowers grow at the tops, with many fimall Leaves among them, confifting of five fmall white Leaves, which being paft away, finall blackifh Seed fucceeds, two, three, or four, fet together in the fame Husk.
VIL. The fifth, or Small German Gromel, or Spar- row Wort, bas a Root which is {mall and thready, and perifbes every Year , from this Root rifes up fe the moft part but one flender Stalk, fpreading it felf
- Out into one, or two Branches at the not “fearcely a Foot high, and fet ‘here and there with fmall , long, and narrow Leaves, fomething like unto Line or Flax, upon which, up towards the top , ftand fimall white Flowers, which being paft away, there comes in their places fmall, fect round, black- ifh Seed, very like unto Grome/ Seed.
VU. The /ixth, or Small French Gromel. It bas a Root which is fmall and fibrous, or ftringy, from which rifes up but one Stalk, branched out into two or three parts at the top thereof, on which grow
ring the Gout, and ‘other Joint Dif ein Englifh call it Ground Pine, alfo Gout ly, and
Field G pre ; . a I. if ¢ Kinds. There are fevetal: Soe Ahapter. 2+
a the ire ae of ee: Rac ae Of the Heath'Kind, of which in Chap. 331. 3- The Sea Kind, of which in Chap. 332. of all which in order, as follows. __ . Ill. The velar Field Kinds. Of thefe we ma five feveral Species, viz. 1. Chamepitys 0M which AMatthiolus takes to be the firft of Diafe Our Common Ground Pine. jaye tior, Chamepitys minor, The \effer Ground Chamepitys Mas, which 1 take to‘ be the Diofcorides; and is his Male Ground Pine. mepitys Auftriaca Clufij, Chamapitys carulea' “a The ore Sa ig =p 7m ulterina, Pfeudocbamepitys Lobelij' & Clufy ,' mapitys Spuria Dodonaet Baftard Ground ine. V. The Deftriptions.. The Yirft, or: Con Ground Pine, bas @ Root which 1s woody, am ing every Year; the Herb grows ‘low , rifes above an btea
;
Le
—7 7
. along the Stalks, cut in, or divided into fome parts,
. every Year; from this Root rife up feveral fquare ,
‘from the upper Joints, and’ ends of the Stalks and
Germander , of a deep
Chap. 330. Enghifh Herbs. 467
tifh, {potted with red Spots; after which come
narrow, greyifh, or whitifh Leaves, fomewhat hairy,
and divided into three parts oftentimes, many buth- | black, fhining, longifh, and cornered Seed, four for ing together at a Joint, and fome of them growing | the moft part enclofed in every of thofe rough Husks, fometimes alfo fcatteredly upon the Stalks, fmelling | in which the Flowers ftood before.
Smal Ground fin
Gy, SSN Ay =
fomething ftrong , like unto Rofin, or the fimell of the Pine Tree; the Flowers are very fmall, and of a pale yellow color, growing from the Joints of the Stalks all along among the Leaves, after which come finall, long, and round Husks.
. 9 <n
yyy
) Re) § A AYN NEY
YD §)
RED
y
A ») §) Sy
V. The fecond, or Leffler Ground Pine, bas a Reot \ which is fomewhat long and flefhy, like the Root of AI SA i; Wi YW SAD A) Succory, or Dandelion, with many Fibres thereat , Wy SQAH but fmaller;, it is alfo a fmall Herb, growing up LA) with many hairy and hoary white flender Branches, S NG Y not above a Hand breadth high, on which are fet wrt Ve | many fimall long Leaves, yet fhorter than the for- VY Vilage § 4 75, mer, hairy alfo and hoary white, not in Tufts or ih \e, Vane WA iM Yay Bufhes, but growing by couples, clofe together all SA I AMS Aig \ NM it y
AN lid ‘ Ms, 1G
Z af}
va pe
of a ftrong but {weet fcent, much fweeter than the former ; at the tops of the Branches grow the Flow- ers, many together, of a ar yellowiih white color.
VIL The third, or Auftrian Ground Pine, has a Root compofed of many black Strings, and bard, grow- ing deep into the Ground, and Springing again frefh
ftrong, hairy Stalks, a Foot long, with many Joints on them, at which grow two fomething long and hard Leaves, a little like unto the firlt, but broad- er, gteen, and fhining on the upper fide, but fome- what hoary and full of Veins on the under fide, di- vided into three or four parts, and fometimes into more, a little hot in tafte, but not unpleafant, nor of any difpleafing {cent ; from the Joints {pring forth {maller Branches, with the like Leaves on them, but leffer divided, and towards the tops nothing at all, but fmooth and long, like unto Rofemary Leaves,
ranches, grow feveral fing Flowers, like unto
urple or Violet Color for} VII. The fourth, or Male Ground Pine, basa the moft part, but fometimes of a lively Red Color, | fmall fingle Root, of a woody fubftance, which ftrikes and fometimes of a bleaker Blue, or Sky Color, the | pretty deep into the Ground, with fome few Fibres
lower Leaves or Chaps of the Flowers being whi-! shooting from it. Itisa ar Herb, and very . - , . 002 ef,
* pefides which it fingularly opens obftruétions of Li:
very mutch unlike to Rofemary Leaves.
Van ti b, rd Gh ine, Root which is hese thick and white, abtding all the Winter, It grows like a fimall bufhy Herb, ve- ty like unto the Common Kind, tke g finall hairy Stalks, fer full of long hairy Leavesa parted into three Jong parts, of almoft no fcent, bur
Joints with the tip tops of the Branches, very like to thofe of the Common Ground Pine, but fomewhat greater, and of a white color; after the Flower the Seed follows, which is greyifh , greater and rounder than the Common Kind, four for the moft
: Swi in every one of thofé brownifh rough usks,
TX. The Places. The firlt grows Wild in Eng- land, chiefly in Kent, (not growing in many other Shires that we know of) very much about Dartford, along to Southfleet, Gravefend, Cobham, Rochefter, Horton, and Sutton, ee Py Down, hard by the Beacon, and half a Mile from Rochefter, nigh a Houfe called Se//ey; the other. four are chiefly nurfed up in Gardens, but grow Wild in Italy, Sa- voy, Genoua, Spain, and Auftria.
X. The Times. “They all Flower in Fune, Fuly, and fometimes in Auguf , and give their ripe Seed inthe mean time, or not long after.
“XI. The Qualities. Ground Pine is hot'in the fecond degree, and dry in the firft, it is Inciding , Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuretick, Hepatick, Splen tick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Arthritick, E menagogick, a little Sudorifick, Chylifick, Sperm togenetick, and Alexipharmick.
Il. The Specification. It is peculiar againft the Strafigury, and Hyfterick Fits, provokes the Terms, facilitates the Labour, and expels the Dead Child and. Afterbirth. |
XII. The Preparations. You may prepare 'there- from, 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. An Elen: 3. A Decottion. 4. A Diet Drink. 5. A Conferve of the Tops and Flowers. 6. Pills. 7. An Ointment or Balfam. 8. A Cataplafm. 9. A Lotion. 10. A Diftilled Water. 11. ASpirit. 12. An Acid Tin- fure. 13. A Spirituous Tintture. 14. An Oily Tinture.
The Virtues.
XIV. The Liquid Fuice. It does admirably pre- vail againft the Strangury , and all ftoppages of U- rine, or any inward pain arifing from thofe Difeafes of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder; it may be gi- ven Morning and Night, from two to four Spoon- fuls, in a Glafs of White Port Wine.
XV.. The Effence. \t has all, the former Virtues,
ver and Spleen, cleanfes the Blood , ‘ removing ‘its
grofsnef$ and impurities, it expels that. which is| four Ounces, Ginger, Spicknard , Sal Gé
Mt ot a eR af
468 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib, I
congealed in the Stomach, or other Bowels, on. opens the Body; it alfo erful; a all Difeafes of the Mother, taken inwardly, and out. wardly ufed, by iasestions it provokes the Terms. facilitates the Delivery of Women in Travail, and expels the Dead Child and Afterbirth; yea, itis owerful upon thofe parts, that it is forbidden omen with Child, for that itis apt to i Abortion, or Delivery before the times it is power- ful and effeftual alfo in all Pains and Difeafes of Lf Joints, as. Gouts, Sciatica, Rheumatifm, Cramps, Convulfions of the Nerves, Palfies, Falling-Sicknefs, and other Diftempers of like kind, being ufed both inwardly, and outwardly applied, or bathed upon the parts affe€ted; it is alfo an efpecial good help againft the Jaundice, gri ing pains of the Belly, or any peice eens oclle en. roceeding from Cold Flegmatick Humors. Dole four, five, or fix Spoonfiils, mixt with fome Generous Wine, Mom- ing, Noon, and Night, according as the weaknefs f occafion may VI. The Decottion in Wine. It has all the Vir. tues of the Liquid Juice and: Efffeace, and may be given | pn, and Night, half a Pint ata time; it ought to be made e Plant or Hert when it is in Flower chiefly, for then it is ftronge and moft erful; it provokes Sweat, if taker when the Patient is.in.a naked Bed, and covered warm down upon it; it prevails alfo againft the Poy- fon of the Aconites of all forts, and of other Poyfon-
The Diet Drink. It is made by Tunning
it up in new Ale-or Beer wheniit is bit feton
working , four Handfuls to a Gallon, sand may
drunk after four or five da s, Dietetically, againf
all thofe Difeafes for which the Juice, Effence, or
Decoétion are. given, and is more pleafant for quea-
fie Stomachs. ae “XVII. The Conferve. ‘The Conferve of the Flow-
ets bY of ‘all the: former' Virtues, but ina
mach w
.
er degree, ‘however Matthiolus commends it againft the Paihie; ‘it may ‘be taken to the quan- tity of a Walnut every’ Morning fafting’, and laft at Night going to Bed, for fome time.
“RIX. The' Pills. ‘There ‘are three forts of Pills ‘made with this’ Herb. 1. Pi/ule Chamepityos Sim- plices, Simple Pills’ of Ground‘ Pine. ‘They ate made‘of' the Pouder of the Herb, and Mucilage Pulp ‘of Figs, ‘and have the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, an Decoftion , given Morning and Nigt from one Dram to two Drams , wafhing them dc with a Draught of the Decoétion of Ground Pine in‘‘Wine aforementioned. 2. Pilule Coane Compofite , Pills of Ground Pine Compound. «1 BW Poder of Ground Pine five Ounces, fine Powder’ Hermodatts three Ounces, Sal Nitre two Ounces, Scammony in fine Pouder one Ounce, Venice or Strai- burgh' Turpentine a Sufficient quantity , mix, ama maké a Mafs of Pills. Dofe one Dram, or mo eo in the Morning fafting. They cure the Dropie, Jaundice, Gout, Sciatica, Ka ranguly , and all ftoppages and heat of Urine, 3. Value” eg i Marthioli, Matthiolus his PillsofGroun
a
“s
bith in Powder, of each'an Ounce and balf, this ih Powder half an Ounce, Diagredium, Scammiony in Pouder, one Ounce, Hiera Pi
Chap. 330. Englifh Herbs.
_Thefe Pills he. commends ageiath alfie, and fays
¢. with admirable ficcels.
ufed ; the Oint-
ment or Balfam do not only cleanfe putrid, fti ar Soe eae ar i
with Pulp of Figs, % Honey, and being applied to
as alfo other hard Tumors in any other part of the Body ; iF clean AA git sg
again{t Sand and Gavel, the Sang y , and other and VV
be. “ The Lotion.. Take of the Fuice or Effence
ainft the Scurvy; it reftifies the va iy Sas igeftion
y. ..XXVIL The Oily Tinfure. Inwardly taken it
evails againft, the Stone and Gravel, or Tartarous
latter in the Reins or Bladder, and by fortifying the Stomach and Head , as alfo the Original of the Nerves, it is found by experience powertully to re- fore in the Palfie, purwatdly zi lied, (by well anointing upon the part) it eafes all Pains and Aches
roceeding from Cold, ftrengthéns weak Limbs and Foints, gives eafé in the Gout and Sciatica proceed- ing from a cold Caufe, prevails againft Cramps and Convulfions of the Nerves, and isa fingular thing againft the Palfie, the Spina Dorfi being well anoint- ed therewith Morning and Night, together with the parts affe€ted.
rus? s
CHA P. CCCXXXI.
of GROUND-PINE Sea, iO oR Sa GOUT-IVY.
LQ HE Names. It is called in Greek Xapaenrve Bardcora, "Avovare éadd'ns, in Latin Chamapitys Maritima, Anthbyllis Herbariorum , Anthyllis altera Diofcoridis, Anthyllis Chamapityoides, alfo Iva Mof- chata by fome, in Englifh Sea Ground Pine. ° Il. The Kinds. Itis the fecond generick Species of Ground Pine, mentioned in Chap. 330: Seéf. 2. a foregoing, and a fingular Plant of the Kind; it is the Anthyl/is altera Clufij, who fays it is vety like unto Chamepitys; but Baubinus refufes to Name this with the Amthy/lides in his Pizax, and therefore puts it among his Chamepityoides. . d.19 ust Ill. The Defeription. It bas a Root which is fome- what thick and white, which fends forth feveral bard hairy Stalks, without Branches upon them, upon which do grow many fomewhat long and narrow Leaves, without order, one above another, bufhing thick at the top, fomewhat like unto thofe of Cha- mapity, or Ajuga, but dented about the edges, and hairy alfo, fomething of a warming hot taite, and {trong unpleafant favour; the Flowers grow among the Leaves upon the Branches, like unto the Flow- ers of Chamepitys, or Ground Pine, but of a purple reddifh color, after which come fimall, greyifh, rough Seed, a little long, and four for the moft part in every Husk, ;
IV. The Places. It grows upon the Sea Coaft in feveral Countries and Kingdoms, I fourid it in feve- ral places on the Sea Coaft of Florida. f
. The Times. It Flowers in Fuly and Anguft, and the Seed is ripe in September. ey
VL The Qualities. At is hot and dry in the fe- cond degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Diuretick , Na cae Hyfterick, and Alexipharmick.
Il. The Specification. It is prevalent againft ‘Sand, .Gravel, and Tartarous Matter in the Keins and Bladder, and to cure the Scurvy.
VILL. The. Preparations. You may have thete- \from, 1. A Liguid Fuice, or Effence. 2. An Oil by Coétion in Oil Olive.
IX. The Liguid Fuice, or Effence. It powerful- ly provokes Urine, and cleanfes the Reins and Blad- der of {mall Stones, Gravel, Sand , and Tartarous Matter, thereby giving a Cure in the Strangury , if it is given to one or two Ounces, atcording to Age and Strength, in the Morning fafting, and laft at Night “foin to Bed, ina Glafs of Oxyme/, or White Port Wine, it does.much good againft the Falling-
Sicknef$, and taken daily tor fome time, a Spoon-
ful at a time, in a Glafs of Wine, it reprefles Va- pors, and. Fics of the Mother. ;
X. The Oil by Infolation or. Coftion in Oil Olive.
: Injected
> : : '
470 Salmon’s Herbal. —— Lib. I. Inet ted into the Womb it fottens the hardnefS there- | at every Joint, fomething like unto Spergula, of of, and by anointing difcuffes hard Tumors in other] Frek Spurry, at the tops of the Stalks grow feve: Parts of the Body. tal Flowers, each of them upon a-fhort Foorftalk; confifting of five or fix Leaves , not much unlike to
Hypericon, or Ornithogalum, Star of Bethlem, as Loz be! compares them, but of a 'whitifh red color, with yellow Threads in the middle, yet Matthiolus and . others fay the Flowers are all yellow, like Hypericon, finelling a little fweet, which being paft away, the Seed is found enclofed in round Heads. This Plant keeps its green Leaves all the Winter, but turn of a fomewhat yellowifh red color towards Autumn. —
IV. The fecond, or Fair Heath Ground-Pine of
Candy, bas a Root which rsh | Spreading, and woody, abiding with green Leaves thereon all the Winter. This Plant, as Be//us faith, grows in good Ground to be a Cubit and half high, Branching forth many ways, and bearing many {mall Leaves , like unto Heath, on woody Stalks and Branches; the Flowers grow at the tops of the Branches, and are much like to thofe of Hypericon, and of a yellow color, which being paft away the Seed follows, being enclofed in Husks like the former.
V. The third, or Purple fair Heath Ground-Pine, has a Root which is reddifh, bard, and , Breas er than the proportion of the Plant fhould feem to re- quire, giving @ Dye or Color, not only to the Fingers of them which touch it, but ferves alfo to Dye Lie nen Cloth withal, among thofe People where it grows naturally, it abides all Winter, altho’ the Leaves are then more reddifh than in Summer, but requires fome care to preferve it with us. From this Root ih
C HA P. CCCXXXIL:
of GRO UN D-PINE Heath, OR,
GOUT-IVY Wild.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek Kies, ob pulcbritudinem , vertm Hippocrates & An- tigqui Kogm, i. e. Pupillam, vocarunt propter Semen, Oculi Pupille, feu anteriori Humeri Eypallino, am- bitu Spherico, haud abfimile cernitur, in Latine ris, and in Englifh Heath Ground-Pine, and Fair Heath Ground-Pine. : I]. The Kinds. It is the third Generick Species of Ground-Pine mentioned in Cap. 330. Sef. 2. and of this Species Authors have enumerated three feve- tal Kinds, viz. 1. Cors Matthioli, fo called-by G- merarius, Gefner, Lacuna, Lonicerus, Lobel, Lug- dunenfis , Tabernamontanus, @& alijs; Coris lutea Baubini, The Common, or moft vulgar Fair Heath Ground-Pine. 2. Coris Legitima Erica fimilis Bel- di, Coris Legitima Cretica Belli, Fair Heath Ground- | Pine of Candia. 3. Coris Monfpelienfium, Coris Monfpeliaca Pene & Lobelij, arij @ Taber- namontani, Coris quorundam Clufij, Coris carulea
Maritima Baubini, Coris Purpurea, Purple Fair Heath Ground-Pine.
many round, woody, and reddifh Stalks, not fo hi as the former, haying many fimall, long, thick, and. roundifh Leaves fet thereon, moft commonly with- out order, and yet fometimes conformable one to another, fomewhat like unto the greater Kind of Heath; the tops of the Stalks are furnifhed with a great Spiked Tuft or Bufh of Purplifh Blew Flow- ers, (but of a pale Red with us) felling fomething fweet, each confifting of four Leaves apiece, double forked as it were at the ends, two. whereof which ftand uppermoft are greater than the other two which are Lower, which will continue long in their color, being gathered in their prime, and each of them ftanding in a brownifh Husk, at their tops into five points, and fpotted with five blackifh ban on the outfide, wherein afterwards grows the , which is fmall, round, and blackifh, wra up as it were in many Coats or Films, whofe Husks then do grow fomewhat hard, and fharp at the ends, mee as before, while the Flower lafted, they were. not fo. . Fo
5 S “LA Lr 8 Wy> ee SN Cf ta : —— ik | Zed L), a/ be — = YZ= yy f OR. WZ, LE AZ
a L- & ws ZA LF
VE
Yi ly, SAI
NWS 4
ih
’ v Y \
SS pS
_ VI. The Places. The firft Matthiolus fays grows © in many places in Ita/y in dry and Hilly Givens which Pena confirms; it grows by Carara, a Village in Liguria: the fecond grows in Candy; the laft, as Pena fays, about Mompelier , alfo near the Sea in Va- /entia, and in dry Grounds about Salamanca in Spain, as Clufius fays; with us in England th only grow in Gardens, but I have found them ail ing in dry Hilly Ground in feveral parts of Florida.
VII. ‘he Times. They Flower early in all thofe hot Countries, even in March in fome places, and in son in rie = May, but with us in England la- —
> aSin June and Fy/ } 1ei ibe a fon Fuly, but do feldom their
VIII. The Qualities. Specifear; ions, Virtues and U; ee, ately dea nate withe Ge
ly F
ag MZ r= Z —= = —Z —Zy << Vi
———— I>
Lath GroumP tue.
il. The. Defcriptions. The fir Heath Ground-Pine, has a Hah ob —— long and. woody, with many fibrous Threads thereto
adjoining, ftom which fpring up { mon Ground-Pine in Chap. o. Sef, 1 A ‘J red di fh Stalks, fall of Joint, Pp. ing ups tenet and therefore-to the re a winger to Selt26. ~wy ta Foot, or more, and having alfo o r, i fall and long, thick and fat Leaves, fet tony deren The Seed of Heath Groupd.Pine oi.
, OF made into a py 2
Saar mmm ee
Chap. 333,
in White Port Wine, powerfully provokes Urine. and the Terms in Women where they are ftopped, and alfo cures the Strangury, if the Bladder is not exulcerated; it is alfo a Remedy for thofe who are bitten with the Pha/angium , and for thofe troubled with the Gout and Sciatica , if bathed therewith; and taken with Pepper in fubftance, it reprefles the fhaking Fits of Agues: the fame things do the Juice, Effence, or Decottion of the Herb.
X. Note, 2. An Oil, Ointment, or Balfam, made the Seed or Herb, eafe the Gout and Sciatica,
of
anointing therewith, they alfo heal any old or run- » and dry up that fupertuous: an afflux upon the part, hinders. Jat leaft, if ic is
ning Sore or Ulcer moifture, which by the Cure.
CHAP. CCCXXxIL Of GR OUNDSEL Common.
I HE Names. It is called in Greek ’Heipeor,
Erigeron, YF ie vere Senefcit, in Latine Eri- Serum, Senetio, & Senefcio, quia cits Senefcit ; and in Exglifh Groundfel, and Grunfel.
Il. The Kinds.” There are two feveral forts of Groundfel, 1. The Common Kind, of which in this Chapter. 2. The Cotton Groundfel, of which in Chap. 334. following. Of the Common Kind there are alfo two forts, 1. Senefcio, vel Senetio vulgaris, (called by fome Authors Senecio minor, becaufe they call Facobea, or Ragwort, Senecio major) and Eri- Serum, from the Greek Name, Common or Vulgar Groundfel. 2. Senecio, vel Erigerum Montanum , Senetio Montanus, Senecio fecundus Tabernamonta, zi, Mountain Groundfel.
a Ern\ i y J
YY v
>,
FV) *
y= ZN
eae ~ Wy Grounds
Ill. The Defcriptions, The firft, or Common Groundfel, bas a Root which is fmall and thready ,
. \
OGiZ
and foon perifhes, from whence rifes a round, green,
Engh/o Herbs.
473 and fomewhat brownifh Stalk, Spreading it felf to- wards the top into fome Branches, fet with long, and Somewhat narrow green Leaves , very much jagged, or cut in on the edges, Something like unto Rocket, or rather an Oaken Leaf, but leffer, and round at the ends; at the tops of the Stalks and Branches pee many fall green Heads, out of which grow mall yellow Threads or Thrums, which are the Flowers, which continue many days blown in that manner before they pafs away into Down, and with the Seed, (which is long) is cattied away with the Wind; but from this Seed which is thus fhed it {oon rifes again, fo that it may be feen many Months in the Year young and green, and in Flower, and in Seed, for it will fpring up and Seed twice in a Year
fuffered to grow in a Garden.
IV. The Second, or Mountain Groundfel, has a Root like unto the former , and rifes up with a like round and green Stalk, which is branched in the [ame manner, it is almoft wholly like the other, bat it grows not altogether fo high, and its Leaves are greater, and more cut in on the edges.
V. The Places. The firft is found every where almoft, as well on the tops of Walls as on the Ground amongft Rubbifh, and in untilled Grounds, but more efpecially in Gardens; the other grows upon Hills and Mounrains, both in Exg/and and pla- ces beyond the Sea.
VI. The Times. The firft is found to Flower al- moft in every Month of the Year, perfecting its Seed in the mean feafon; the fecond comes fomewhat near unto the firft, but its Flowers do not fo fud+ denly decay.
VIL. The Qualities. It is cold and moift in the firft degree, is Digeftive, Abfterfive, Diuretick, and Emetick.
VII. The Specification. It is a peculiar Remedy againit the Yellow Jaundice, ftoppage of Urine, Difeafes of the Eyes, and the Falling-Sicknefs.
IX. The Preparations. You may make there- from, 1. A Liguid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decottion in Ale, Beer, Wine, or Water. 4. A Pouder of the Herb. 5. A Balfam or Ointment. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Diftilled Water.
The Virtues.
X. The Liquid Fuice. If it is drunk from one Ounce to two Ounces,mixed in any ptoper Vehicle, it cleanfes the Stomach from all corrupt and crude Humors by Vomiting, whereby it eafes the Pairis of the Stomach caufed from the abounding of Choler ; it is alfo good againft the Jaundice and Falling- Sicknef$, in which two Cafes it ought to be feveral times repeated ; it alfo takes away rhe heat, fcald- ing, fharpnefS, and ftoppage of Urine, and the pain in making Water, expelling Sind, Gravel, Stones, and Tartarous Matter from the Reins and Bladder.
XI. ‘The Effence. It has all the former Virtues, and is much more pleafant to take; it prevails a- gainft the Colick, and Griping of the Guts, as alfo the Gout, Sciatica, and Kheumatifm, it purges the Liver of irs Recrements, and provokes the Terms in Women, giving it from two Spoonfuls to four in White Port Wine; it Vomits as the Juice does, and therefore muft be given with the fame caution.
Xl. The Decottion in Ale, Beer, Wine, or Wa- ter. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, and works in the fame manner, but not all out fo {trongly, and therefore may be given from four to eight, or ten Ounces, srapiig to Age and Strength.
XIIL The Powder of the Herb. It may be given toa Dram or more in Oxymel, propersaning oe
ofe
ee ~Salmon's Herbal Lib. I.
mer Common fort in the hoarinefS and largenefs well of the whole Plant as of the acme : =
Dole accorsting co Age and Strength of the Patient; ic effectually cleanfes the Stomach, and prevails a- gaint Gour, Sciatica, Kheumarifin, Jaundice, Drop- fie, and Epilepfie; it is alfo faid to expel Sand and Gravel from the Urinary parts; it dries up alfo Hu-
Coftou =Groundsel,, a : |
midities in Wounds and Ulcers. WW), 2: XIV. The ae or Ointment. It may be made Z> Be with the green Herb, or with the juice of the Leaves, = Bs
adding fome fine Frankincenfe, or Olibanum in Pou- ders it cleanfes and heals Ulcers and old Sores, and cures Wounds, whether in the Flefhy or Nervous parts, ftrengthens the Joints, gives eafe in the Gout, difcufles hard Tumors, and prevails againft the He- morrhoids or Piles in Man or Woman.
XV. The Cataplafm. Made of the fiefh Herb by
i ete: from the Kings-Evil.
XVII. Note. Pliny has a Relation for the Cure of the Toothach, which, tho’ it feems Fabulous, we {hall here relate. You muft dig up the Plant without any Iron Tool, and then touch the aking Tooth there-}. with five times, Spitting three times ps Be every fuch touch, which done, Plant or Set the Herb again in the fame place, fo that it may grow, and the Toothach Shall pe oes ceafe and be perfeétly cured.
SS et w!3 » —aS ot
if,
}
ay 4
o Seed, Cotton Groundfel,
IV. The fecond, or Stinki e fecond, or Stinking we left at fit
has a Root which is very fibrous, Seed time, but perifhes as the
[prings again if he Shed or fallen fair, large and long Leaves lying next the Gr
———————
CH A P. CCCXXXIV.
ofp GROU NDSEL Cotton, |thofe of Mugwort, for whi bo ae |
ling very hairy, being alfo bedewed with a
LO HE Names. It is called in Greek "Heiser
yrarganohs, in Latine Erigeron Tomentofum, Senecio Tomentofus , Senecio Tragi, and in Englifh Cotton Groundfel, or Woolly Groundfel , alfo Clam- my Groundfel, trom the Leaves fticking as it were unto ones Fingers.
Il. The Kinds. ‘There are three feveral Species of this Kind, viz. 1. Sentio incanus, Erigerum To- mentofum, Senecio Tragi, Cotton Groundfel. 2. E- rigerum Tomentofum alterum, Senecio ftidus, Eri- gerum fotidum Thalij , Senecto incanus inguis Bau- hint, Facobea Pannenica prima Clufij, Stinking Cot- ton Groundfel. 3. Senetio odoratus, Senecio Flore ere Camerarij , Sweet fmelling Cotton Ground-
Cle
e) 1g pe cern Mh arcies culty to be taken afunder ; it t and of an ill fcent, (tho’ not unpleafantly_ fome as Clufius fays, but like Scrophularia, or Ebulus, 38 others fay; from sane which Leaves fe up a crefted Stalks, half a Yard high, fpread out: veral Ramifications or Branches, but bearing tops fewer Flowers, leffer, and of a pal color than the Common Groundfel, and upon TOngst Footftalks, which quickly fade, and turn into Down, — as the others do. ae V. The third, or Sweet fmelling Cotton Srount ’ fel, bas a fibrous perifhing Root, a4 the others have, from which rife up Leaves and Stalks, like the other and indeed this Ground/el is fomewhat like t kind in the foft and woolly Leaves, but not 20: jagged or torn on the edges as it; its fomething like unto Ambrofia, or Oak of Capps or the middle Coniza, ot Eleabane 5 we like the reft, and as foon growing old and D as the others do. et
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common Cotton Groundfel, bas a Root which is fmall, and full of Fibres, it has much larger Leaves, and more jagged or torn in on the edges than the former Com- mon fort, and of a greyifh or Afh Color, foft and hairy, or rather hoary all over, the Stalks are high- erand greater, but with fuch like yellow Flowers vpen them, and as foon fading and turning into Down as the other: this differs chiefly from the for-
‘
Chap. 23 5. Eglijb. Herbs
maily places; the fecond grows alfo in woody, bar-f IIE. The Defifiptions: The fir, or Blew Englilh ren, and untilled places; the third was fent by 7o-| Hares-Bells. The Rocts of all ibefe forts agrce, and Jephus de Cafabona, Herbarift to the Great Duke of] are alike, being white,.and very flimy, Jome of which Tufcany, to Camerarius out of Italy. will be great end round, others longer and flertder.
VIL. ‘The Times. The firlt Flowers almoft every | and thofe which lye near the sop of the Earth bare, wil Month, as the Common Kind does, the two laft
\ be of agreen célof: Fram,this Root rites up feveral Flower in May, Fune, Fuly, and Auguft. ,
uh long and narrow green Leaves, not ftanding upright, | VIET. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations| nor yet fully lying upon the Ground, among which . end Virtues of thefe are the fame with thofe of the
| fprings up the Stalk; bearing-at the top many long Common Kind, delivered in the former Chapter from| and hollow Flowers, hanging down their Heads, al Sett. 7. to Seft. 18. and therefore we fhall fay no
forwards for the moft part, and divided at the brim more thereof in this place. into fix Leaves or Divifions, turning up their points. a little again, of a fweetifh bir heady icent; fome- what like unto the Graffie Flower; the Heads for. Seed are long and fquare, in which are contained much black Seed; the color of the Flowers are in forne a d Blew, tending Sa ga in others 5 Poh ee lew, or of a bleak Blew, tending to an © p Afh Color; and fome are Party Colored. IV. The fecond, or White Englith Hares-Bells, har . Roots, Leaves, Stalks and Flowers very like the for- mer, favitig, that the Leaves in this are forewhat | broader, and the Flowers more open, and of a very ~ white color, yet fomietimes they are White’ and Blew mixt . . ie V. The third, or Carnation Englith Hares-Bells. Thefe in their bulbous Roots, Leaves, Stalks, Howe ers, and Seed, as alfo is rage pyrene we ) Kinds, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Anglicus. Ceruleus, Hya-\ QP. S708» are very Oke toile fu ft and {econ cis figs Pg, le a | ror Cac el a el ie ey a tf px Red, or blufh Color, which fome call a
each Color.
VL. The fart, or Greater Spanifh Hares-Bells. It has a bulbous Root, from whence [pring up feve- ral Jong and oe sheefeto ag $3 pis ’ ¢ ot firength enough in themfelves to fland upright , but a little incline or bend downwards. This Plant is
CH AP. CCCXXXV. Of HARES-~BELLS Englith, ahs: y Englith HYACINTH.
Hares-Bells, ot White Englifh or Dutch Hyacinth. . Hyacinthus Anglicus, aut Belgicus Flore Incarnato, Camation Englifh or dutch Hares- or Hyacinth.
Tpeciasoes ef meer major, Flore Campamule in- like to the firft aforegoing, but that it is greater he, Hi oo panith Hares-Bells, or Bell-Flow-| i7"2h ies parts, as well of Leaves as Flowers, man sree } growing together at the top of the Stalk, with ma-
Blotp Bngtish Lave Bett
VIL. The Places. The firlt Parkinfon fays is fo common every where, that it fCarcely needed any Defcription, and.that it is more os in England than in the Low Countries, or in Spain, it grows in Woods, Copfes, and in the borders of Fields, eve- ty where throughout Bag/and; the fecond and third are not fo common, but they grow in the Woods by Colchefter, in Effex, in the Fields and Woods by Southfiect, near unto Gravefend, in Kent, as alfo in a piece of Ground by, Conterbury called the Carers
© in the Fields by Bath, andin the Woods by Warrington, in Lancafbire, and in other places.
VIII. The Times. They Flower from the begin-
ing of May to the end of Fume, and the Seed ripens intie mean Seafon, and in fome little time after.
IX. As to their Quelities, Specification, Prepara- gore Virtues Authors Bad faid nothing, nor do we know thing | erience concerning . the fame, favi that an Sirona being ale tithe Roots hereof, is of fingular ufé to ftrengthen weak
oints.
f4 Note. ™_ Rott Peiee a as it — bulbous, fo it is full of a thick, flimy, la-
ftick Juice, which is of fo ftrong a body, that it will
ferve to fet Feathers upon Attows, initead of Glew,
or ore with; and hereof was formerly
made the beft Starch, next to that of Aron, or Wake-
Robin Roots. a ,
.
ae FRA: Pe “GCCXXXYL
404, > Salnsos's Horbal. Libs],
eet high, at the feveral Joints whereof grow- feve- long and: narrow, very dark, green, -fmooth, {hi- ‘| sing Leaves, broadeft at the bottom, and nasrower , Leradatim unto the ends, with. divers ky R28: |thro’.them, the middlemoft whereof is greateft, yet OF HAA: R z SsE A R 5° _ \|niothing-fo narrow as Gza/s Leaves, tho’ mie awe s ” :}thors do compare them with them — | ftand one yaad ary up re Pg foP3. grow L= Hi; £ ‘Roe: “TRhis:Phant js- ciilled i in Greek er and fmaller, being p Baie ae De “Berasyen,” Bupleurum, Plinij, +. neene Cordi ,, eee from the middle of the Stalks, at the I fr imal it grows in is Ground) ) come rth
ye ae ts
vei a
“eer
a es Re gtk
in: Lating .Bupleurum, Auricula Leporis,* Herba Vul- nerarit; Fragr, who takes it.to be Panax Chironium. Theopbrafti,’in:Engli~h Hares-Eats. \t is doubles the Buepleirum Hippocratis, méntioned by. Eig iA “ 22,Gap.-22. and by Nicander in Theriacis. Gefner fays that. the Brench call it. Elaphobofeum, and Grat. Dei.’ Some-'take. it to be Panax Chironium Digfeo-, ri bee. falily:. Some will have it to’ be Ammi'|' val atius, others to be Sanamunda. ~ Cordus in his) ry of Plants calls it Bien fo a there is grear’ difference of Opinions among” Herbarifts judg gh Plant of the Apcene it ought to be ; however, as long as we know what i . sort we. apd the prefent Names it is fuf.
ae "The Kinds. There-are thee Kinds hereof, viz."1. Bupleurum Anguftifolium, Auricula 8 he ‘Anguf ifoha, Hares-Ears natrow Leay'd. 2. ue rum Latifoluim;-Auricula Tete , Herba Vulnera- ri, ‘lfophyHum,, ““Hares-Ears broad Leav’d. x Bu- ie leurum Anguftife ifolinm Montanum , Sedum petreum
iplenri Folio, vel potius Bupleurum petre Gra- mineo Folio Pena, Perfoliata Alpina Gramineo Folio, « Sive Bupleurum Angu, fifo Ei aeh arti tain ae iffimo Folio he ini, Narro ,
in
aS
a
ie My «-*; iV 3 : ohek ed 30. on ght
IW. The second, or Bea Lar Se i a Root like the. ormer a rows in the tb like s, Mowers, i as Salt Be iffets: from tha t, ie bears broader but fhorter’ ore n 3 broadeft in ts mid ee i |\fharp point,~fonsewhat hollow, \war sh — Ne nde ls meni oe
‘in the
| V. The third, Nanow L |\Ears, bas a aks Root, ie Kaos or Bee or
as a thick Baths ofa / “39 ipale within, end divide at Vii ie ny parts from thefe, “gps or hime. on and narrow, greeh Leaves, lying ont fing ong another at the bote forny of them like to the rower; from divers of <a i round Stalks, about. si, Hand
ring at the tops m:
of feven ohaiel Lea of them feveral {mall tone thing like unto Thorow-Wax , or as the oY
yearrew g 8 leaved ff "43 \
Hones Bar
itt: ‘The Defcriptions. The ri onimon naxrow Leav’d 2 Eats, baz:a : wick is fome- what: len but. Jmall, and, white, onthe outfade, much, Like’ to a Parfly: Root, me divers Fibres. adjorning;| | which with us in England pee every Year. This Plant rifes BP with, Topnd, Stiff , green Stalk, two
Chap Engh 7 : lap. 337. Eagh/oerbs. — ans Hares-tars, which iimell very ftrong, the whole} zis birjaso Ped, tro rai of an Hi z F Plant elfe taftes like an Artichoke. ~ | fo Pa thie by i 0 a ee
i tk rinum, becaufe it grew among Corn, and in, Exgi/h _ VI. The Places. The two firft Lobe/ fays grew |it is called Hares- he | Fe. about Mompelier in France, and Tragus oes inde Call ares-foot, Spike Trefoil, and Corn [re
oil, tony places in Germany, and are both of them found J
f ) Il. The Kinds. Authors make fix feveral S ecies in feveral places of England; the third Pena fays| of this Plant, but we'fhall take notice only of res, grows upon Mount Ba/dus, and has been found up- | as being thofe chiefly which are to be found with us, ae ha nok places in Florida, near the Exgii/h | or in fome of our Plantations beyond the Seas. They ’ ntations. are, 1. Lagopus vulgaris, Lagopus minor, Lotus VII. The Times. They all Flower late, viz. not| Campeftris Tragi, Our common Hares-Foot. 2. La- until the end of Fudy, ind in Auguff, and their Seed Peli ES Ae eae Bao
| ge ig ial gopus maximus lore rubro-Lobelij €7 Clufij, Lagopus . | :
major Folio Trifolij Lobelij €7 Dodonai, The greatett Hares-Foot. 3. Lagopus major Folio Pinnato, Lago- pus alterd Folié’ Pinnato Lobelij , Trifolium majus ferrin Se Trifolium magnum Loniteri © Cor- di, Cytifus Tragi & Columelle, Trifolium Spicatum
VIIL. The Qualities. They are temperate in re- fpe&t to the firft Qualities, as to heat and cold, dri- ‘nefs and moifture, are Abfterfive, Vulnerary, Diure- tick, Cardiack, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Alexi-
. 2 ane
pharmick. | Thali, The longer headed | oot. oF
IX. The Specification. They are peculiar for healing of Wounds in any part, whether inward or outward. , f X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, F 1. A Fuice or Effence of the Leaves. 2. A Decolli- F -on in Wine. 3. A Pouder of the Root or Seed. 4.
An Ointment or Balfam. 5. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
XI. The Fuice or Effence. Taken to three or four Spoonfuls, either alone, or mixt with Wine, it is good againtt the Bitings or Stinging of Serpents, or other Venomous Creatures, the place alfo out- wardly bathed with the fame, it alfo provokes Urine, and prevails againft the Strangury , and is of good ufe to bring down Womens Courfes when ner - ing taken Morning and Night in White Port Wine; taken alfo inwardly Dietetically it fingularly con- tributes to the Curing of Wounds, old running Sores, and rebellious Ulcers. rag
XII. The Decotfion in Wine. It has all the Vir- tues of the Juice or Effence, but not full out fo powerful, yet it more excellently cheats the Heart and revives the Spirits, and is prevalent againft Faint-
ing and Swooning Fits in Men or Women. Ill. The Pouder of the Seed. Being given to one Dram in a Glaf$ of White Port Wine, it refifts : the Poyfon of Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, and other Ve- nomous Beafts, is alfo Diuretick, cleanfes the Reins] [1], The Defcriptions. The frft, or Our Common a one le gg Matter, and prevails a-| Hares-Foot, It bas a fmall, long, Itringy Root, which . angvtys. 1s ends forth Stalks, with fmall, whitifh, woolly, Tretoil } XIV. The Ointment or ee It heals fimple fet fet upon Fae with fhort Footfialkes the Wounds at vgs or twice drefling , .and Le a-|Heads at the tops are with their roundnefs fome- gainft all forts of Sores, whether they be frefh and) whar long, and compofed, as it were, all of a hairy green, or old and malign, when rebellious and diffi-| 5, hoary Downinefs, whofe Flowers in fome ate of Bete be rt , Applied the Biting of |2 White, in others of a Bluth Color, it is an Annu- : M atk afm. j + P mt tae Aaa of} ai Plant, as are the two following, but this is efpe- sapere 1a tag a gs onous Animals, | cially to be noted in this Stock of Hares-Feet, or r it attrafts and draws forth the Venom. Spiked Trefoil, that thefe perifh Yearly, whereas moft of the other forts of Trefoi/s do not: This Common Hares-Foot is well known to be a fmall
(] \ A Haresfoot \ Common
—-
ee
Plant, but it grows greater and higher in fome pla- ces, and fmaller and lower in others, according to
C HA P. CCCXXXVIL the ey of the Soil or Ground it is found in. eS heath IV. The fecond, or Greateft Hares-Foot, bas an
San =
4 Ruta Le. Annual, fmall, long, thready Root alfo, which fends Of HARES--F OO T, _ [forth feveral Trefoil Leaves, each ftanding on js long . Bees Footfialk, being almoft round, and dented about the OR, edges, very like to the Meadow Trefoil, as well in
’ bignefs as form, very foft, andof a pale green color, TRE F OI L. Spiked. from among thefe 4 up w beading Stalks, a
tee s a high, prove 4 out, and bearing the Oe RES i ut fomewhat lo eaves on them, and at LY HE Names. Kt is called in Greek Aaysawvs, | their tops clofe Spik Heads, with many finall _ in Latine Lagopus, Lagopodium , Trifolium | Flowers round aboutthem, each in a five cornered
, Leporis Cuminum, & Pes Leporis, a Lepo-'Cup, of a delicate Crimfon Color, in which Husks,
Pppz2 after
SECs Saas as
- *
ites Nie
a? aa
k | f
476 ~Salmon’s Herbal. — Lib. I. 2 bl , .
after the Flowers are palt, grow {mall yellowifh}in a GlafS of Red Port Wine, but if a Fever is pre. found Seed, one only in a Husk, whofe brims or|fent, it may be given in a Deco€tion of the in
— then itand difplayed, fomething like unto a} Water; it is good againft Cholerick Belchings of
the Stomach, and griping pains of the Belly, and is profitable to be given to fuch as have foal and - ow Ulcers, which ate ftubborn and of difficult ure. XL. The Decoffion in Wine. It has all the for.
and Habit of the Patient may require) it hel Gs ae
XIV. The Afbes of the Heads, &c. Being appli- od a Nine Hector Pilesit fps thee ead ing, eafes their pain, and heals them.
XV. The Ointment or Baifam. 't is Vulneraty | cleanfés , incarnates, dries, and heals old rumning = Sores, and rebellious Ulcers, &c.
HARES--STONES, See GOATS--STONES, Chap. 321. aforegoing.
€ HAP. CCCXXXVIL
er and larger.
VL. The Places. The Sit grows with us almottl ge AR TYCHOKE Garden,
every where throughout Exg/and in dry Grounds;
the two latter grow chiefly with us in Gardens, but
are found growing wild in many places of Iraly, OR,
France, and Germany. VII. The Times. They Flourifh and Flower in ARTICHOKE
the Summer Months only, and their Seed is ripe in “85
Aug} co sy aa
VIL walities. ey ate temperate in re- ; 6 ae ale
pet to heat or cold, and dry in the fit degree, |-"P HE Nages. Tris calle’ nGre
Aftringent, Vulnerary, and Stomachick. — them tt being of an Afh Color) a \ IX. The Specification. They are peculiar againft TENE, 3 je Ay
Fluxes of the Bowels, chiefly the Bloody Flux, and |“/ Artichoke, and other Fluxes of Blood, as Spitting Blood. Il. The Kinds. There are three
Firsies,
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, | =. 1. Cinera Hortenjis , Garden ee 1. An Effence. 2. A Decottion of the Herb in\which in this Chapter. 2. Cinara Syhuefiris, ve Wine. 3. A Pouder of the Heads and Seed. 4.|Spinofa, Wild Hartichokes, of 1 in th Ajhes of the Heads. §. An Ointment or Balfam. apter. 3. Helianthimum Canadenfe, Jet
Hartichokes, of which in Chap. 340. following. The Virtues. Ill. The Garden Kinds. They are
1. Cinara Rubra, The Common Gteat
XI. The Effence of Leaves, Stalks, Spiked Heads.\ choke. 2. Alba, The White Hartichoke.
It dries and binds admirably, and it is known by | dis, The Green Hartichoke. Procer ~. moft certain pais to ftop a Loofenefs, and}Hartichoke. 5. Pumila, The or Low tei other Fluxes of the Bowels, chietly the Bloody Flux, |choke. 5. Gulfica, The French Hartichosss f)—
being taken two, three, or four Spoonfuls ata time | Mo/thate, The Musked Hartichoke. 8. Spams —
; ~ : Rs Baer : | Chap. 338. — Exglifh Herbs. 477 : The Thiitle like Hartichoke. 9. Aculeata; Thefnot being f clofely c Eted together, ig which it E Prickly Hartichoke, of al! which in order. all ditters from the fit Kind ae
4, men a Ae ee A > y a ‘ ry — — LPs!
-hoke '€O
. The Defcriptions. The firft, oe Comirion Pn Red Kind, ie @ Root which {preads it felf in the Ground pretty largely, whereby it yields divers beads of Leaves, or rather Suckers, by which it as multiplied or increafed, from this Root fpring up
it is not altogether fo fweet in tafte; VH. The fourth, or Tall Kind. It grows toa Mans height, and is branched into divers Stalks or
large, and long hollowed Leaves, much| Arms, every one bearing a head thereon, almoft as tgs om = both eg without great | /arge as shofe of the firft Kind. This, though com- a kind of w itifh green, | mon formerly, is more rare to be met withal now.
VIII. The ffih, or Dwatf or Low Hartichoke, This is a French Kind, and grows much about Paris, and which the French efteém more than any other. It is lower than the following French Kind, the head of which, as well as the Leaves, are ofa lighter green Color, almoft yellowith.
IX. The fiath, or French Hartichoke. It has a white bead, the fcales of which Rand ftaring far a- under oné trom another at the ends, which are Sharp: it is well known by this Quality, that whilft it is hot, after it is boiled, it fells fo ftrong, that one would verily think that it had been boiled in ftinking Water: this Kind was brought over to us in England after a great Froft, which had almoft de- ftroyed our beft Kinds, but we have now almoft loft them again, not being willing they fhould take up the room or place of better.
X. The feventh, or Musked Hattictioke. It is 2 Kind which grows much like the former French, but = much better in fpending, though it has a lefler
ttom.
XI. The eighth, or Thiftle like Hartichoke, It ix almoft ke the Wild Kind in its manner of growing, . but it grows fimaller, and with a more open and
“ V. The foot, or Great White Hartichoke, #% in a head than any of the forrtter.
all things like to the former Red Kind, but that the » The math, or Prickly Hattichoke, which rhe head thereof 7 of 2 whitifh Afh color, like the Leaves,| French cal! Chardon, or Cardon becaufe it is almoft | whereas the former is reddifh. "The head of this is] of the form and nature of a Thiftle , or Wild Hatti- more apt to dilate or fpread it felf farther abroad,| choke; it grows high, and full of tharp prickles, of | a 4 |
like unto an Afh Color; from whence it took the
er, the ; belt Kinds lying clofe, and not ftaring, as fome
that Root which yields Flowers will hardly abide the next Winter, but elfe, being cut off when it is the middle of the Head, having the bottom thereof’ flat and round, which is that matter or part which is ufually eaten.
’
hd: h"s nel ae
ST
“uss we find “by d --Red Harsicboke is the mott delicious of. them all;
“Two Years, but have much degenerated, whereas -with us they daily improve, fo that it feems our
eft perfeétion. ae eS fin The Times. All thefe Kinds are increafed
—- nt
478. Salmon’s “Herbal. Lib.
augreyith color; Feba Tradefeant faid that he faw | only the Armpits, but of the whele Body is much
Three Acres of Land!-about: Bruffe/s. Planted with}amended. 1 fe © ; this Kind, which the owner whited like Endive ,) XX. The Pouder of the Seed. It opens obftru&ti- and thea fold them in Winter for Winter Salleting. | ons of the Uxinary parts, provokes Urine, and clean- XIIL The Paces. Thefe all grow in Gardens, |fes thofe Veflels from Sand , Gravel, finall Stones, but the firft rwo ox three are the moft common with and other Tartarous Matter, and: much amends the > daily experience that our Englifh \ evil fmell of the Body, carrying off the feetidnefs
‘they have been fent from us to France, Holland, nea Pp other Gountries, where they have grown well for a Sedfon, but they have not in thefe places th m : gar , Salt, retained their excellency and goodnefs for above Peppers this being much and often eaten nourifhes — very much, and reltores in deep Confumptions, ir alfo very much increafes Seed’, and. ftirs up Bodily
Soil and Climate has the preeminence, and is the uft. 2. The Leaves of the headsand their bottoms
moft natural to this Plant in exalting it to its high-
made of the Ninth Ki : dive, See Sp 2 Sha Ol
aw, with Pepper, Salt, Vinegar, Oil, as yo fed whitened Endive, Sallary, &. is
by flipping the young Shoots from the Roots, which being replanted in February,
March, or April, have many times the fame Year, but the next at furtheft, born very good Heads:. The Hartichoke_ is. to be Planted in a very fat and fruitful Soil, and they love Water, and a moift Ground, itis a t Error to
cut away the fide or fuperfluous Leaves which ae oR. grow by the fides ‘thinking thereby to increafe the | CHAP... CCCXXXIX.
presteee Nt x cad aS in truth they Te
t that means, ie en i prive the Root of much Water by that m whic. of H ARTI CHO KE Wild, ! ORs
would nourifh it, to the feeding and inlarging of the Heads; for if you mark the oe ot hollow Wild ARTICHOKE
Channel which is in every Leaf, it appear very L- HE Names. It is called in Greek unis
evidently, that thofe Furrows were defigned, even from the extream point of the Leaf to the Ground,
Diofcoridis, and is doubtlefs Kéus@ Theo- | phrafti, in Latine Cynara, and Cinara Sylvefiris,
where it is faftned to the Root, for no other pur-
pofe, but to guide that Water which falls far off and Scolymus, im Englifh Wild Artichoke, ot Harte choke. “at : { ; alk 3 a)
:
unto the Root, for that without fuch ftore of Water the whole Plant would wither, and the, Heads pine away and. come to nothing; they.are Planted for the pal part about Offober , or fomewhat fooner, the Plant muft be fet, and nourifhed with good ftore of
Afhes, for that kind of Manute is thought to be beft pA iit sie, :
for the Planting thereof, and every Year the Slips DIA, ANY Wie
mutt be taken or flipt off from the Root, and are to SN YY WW LE MG,
be fet in Apri/, as aforefaid, which will be fruitful ANY Ny ity Yaad 44 4s LOY
about Augu/t tollowing, as Columella, Palladius, and 2a 4a ty NY ~2PE 455 aa
others, as alfo daily experience teaches. Xt Rl y) Mb B\ N\A. A Ae KV. The Qualities. They are, viz. the nails or z= At) i) > 3 \V
bottoms of the Scales or Flakes, as alfo the bottoms, on which Down and Seed ftand , hot and moift in the firft degtee, Diuretick, Analeptick, and Sperma- togenetick. .
SVL The Specification. Being much eaten, they are fuid to ‘be fingular in ftopping the involuntary courfe of the Seed in Man or Woman. .
XVIL- The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. An Effence, or Blood of the eads. 2. A Decottion of the Root in Wine, the. Pith being: firft taken away. 3 A Powder of the Seed. 4. The
Sallet. wafA The Virtues. NE Dif XVIIL The Effence, Sanguis, or Blood. It is made S SINAN of thé bottomis,as the Blood of Par/neps , it is Diure- ay ERBS Veer AO Lab MA tick, nourifhes much, and reftores in Confumptions, S SS SAY Ny Asis “J tho’ of the Lungs; and being taken from two to four 2 g Wee we Drams in Red Wine Morning, Noon, and Night, ; t Kk Se I, eS ae -
it ftops the involuntary flux of Seed, commonly called Gonorrbea fimplex , yet it provokes Luft ex- meant. for it ftrengthens the whole Body.
XIX. The Decottion of the Root in Wine , Being aD drank liberally , it takes away the rank fmell of the| II. The Kinds. There are two feveral Kinds, 04 Arm Holes , for. it fends forth plenty of ftinking | 1. Scolymus Diofcoridis, Cynara Sylvefiris ntti Urine, whereby the rank and-rammith favour of not | (becaufe it fo nearly refembles the Cinara aculedia, —
— Na ~
|
i
Chap. 330. “Englifh Herbs. 479.
ansinari by the Cretitns, Agriocinarad Cretita Pena” Xl: The Faice or fereé Te, opens ie obftru udder, a ig
pics | os list enim, Cardaus Chryfanthtmus, The Gold-| ftinkirig Urine, and by that mearis amends. the ftrong,
choke, has a gréat Robt, which fpreads much, and\ Wine, or orher fit Vehicle... =, = a . ard, but naFrowy~ SAL. The Decoltion in Wine: Jt has the fame’. Leaves, ending in long points, very conpiderably. JScol-| Virtnes, but not altogethér..fo powertul; ific is fingular good thing
Gy. ie pum, or Catidy Wild Hartichot ‘ong Root, tobich grows deep, tiie Je omens hoary thite Lenves, fomething broader \'
from among which Leaves fife up fevetal tound| ~ XV. ‘The Sa/Zer. Ai’ Young, Sanots of. the firkt éd| ate eaten like A paragus, as allo the young Heads,
eaten by the Peafants of the Country both green and} 4 good héight, which are then white, and very tens . ae oe ok Oil a ant de cate to be eaten raw with Peppet, Salt,
hag 3 cake setts TRY rita Thee braftus Jia ae his Scolymys,. viz..th¢ V.. The third, or Golden Thiftlé, bas 2 Root which | Golden Thiftte is very p
pleafant to cat, like unto Eryngium, or ly ftancé of the Heads is eaten; and with the Flowers which fends forth fevéral skinny and prickly Stalks, | they counterfeit Saffron, as we do with the Baflurd ~ which’ in fome Countribs, as in Spain, VWaly, &c. Suftvon, ot Saffotéer. |
ing at be ‘mie a a = a ae is pe ong, omewhat natrow, {maller at bottom than , 14 ae
any where elfé;,' much* cut in on the edges, and fet CHAP. CCCXL. e at = — meyer in fome places op = $
wi ite [pots on the deep’ preeti Leaves, but in ;
other places none atall; at he oinits, between the OF HAR TICHOKE J erufalemy
Leaves and the’Stalks; and at the tops alfo, come OR A — eS Sh pore Sa ‘any v4 thé # tis 7a . ‘ormer. — Of sales; with very fhat Cana ; fh FF prickles at the ends, out of the middle of whic ada POTA T O.
come forth many Gold yellow Threads, which abide} male's not long, and ate'the Flower, iti which, when they Uy HE Names. Yt was unknown to.the Greeks, ae pal comtsined the’Séed, being {mall and thin
VIE. The Times. T Flower in Fuly ant|\Pinax, Helianthemum Indicum Tuberofum. but ont, Auguft, or in the end o Sumer, and their Seed ri- rote in his Paradice; as alfo in his Theater. of. or quickly after. ints, }
Qualities. . are’) inyre=|lifhes, Porato’s of ae but out ufual Bael/h mii ‘or ollie, aré ‘Ape- itis, ‘is Sen Hartithoke, Baubinus alfo in Abfterftye, amb id | ax IX. The Specification. The Wild artichoke is|\ Yi, The Kin found-to- be of fingular afe 0 take away the ftinkitp iat ee Je iat or rank fimell of the ‘Armpits. ed
—————— Sl ll OO eee UL Ue
PP a
C=-- '
i ae, beh
Wonderd at; ull that can be faid tor the Name is, that when it is boiled and dreft, it has a little like- nefS in tafte to the bottom of an Hartichokes, but Why it thould be called Ferufalem, is more to be admired at, for that it came not out of Afia, or Eu rope, but trom America to us, with whom it grows as well and as naturally and p Temlly as ever it grew in its Original Native Cli
ime. Ill. The Defctiption. Thi admirable Plant bas
at firft but one {mall Tuberous Root, which fends up\t
Sometimes one or more fliff round Stalks, which grow in our Country to be eight or ten Feet bigh, but {carcely blow or fhew their Flowers, whereas the Head of Flowers in their Native Countries, (as Co- lumna fays) being of a Pyramis or Sugar-Loaf fa- thion, Lape road below, and growing fmaller upwards, almoit to.a point, is nearly of the fame length, on which are fet large and broad, rough, green Leaves, like unto the Leaves of the un- Hower, but finaller , and growing in the very fame manner round about the Stalks; at the very latter
end’ of Summer, or beginning of Autumn, if the | Will fpro
Root is well planted and detended, it will give a fhew of a few fmall yellow Flowers at the tops, like to the Flowers of After, or Starwort , much finaller than any Sun-Flower, which come to no-per- fettion with us; the Root, while the Plant is grow- ing abeve Ground, increafes not to its full growth, but when the Summer is well and the fpring- ing of the Stalks is paft, which is about the end of Axguft, or in September, then the Root is perceived to be increafed in the Earth, and will Au- tumn is {pent) in Ofober, {well like 2 Mountain or
Salmon’s Herbal.
tb. I.
a fhew of abundance of fimall Heads near the tops of the Stalks and Branches, forth of the bofoms of the Leaves, which never open and Flower in out Clime, by reafon they are prevented with the Frofts, which - otherwife might poffibly be a noble Sight; the Stalks .
fend forth many fmall creeping Roots, by which the nourifhment is received, which are full of hairy
| Threads, even from the upper part of the Earth,
ipreading far abroad, wags we from the main oot, grow forth Tuberous Roots!, cluftering
» fometimes faftned to the great Root it fometimes growing on long Strings, a Foot or more from the main Root, raifing or et da
Rath shove theqt, sak Seneeee saa eC the Earth, producing from the i of one Root anes fourty, or in number, or making in commonly about a Peck, and many tines nea half'a Buthel, if the Soil or Fp. nes Tuberous Roots are of a dirty reddith color without,
many ways, fometimes as
Hillock round about the feet of the Stalks, and will]. V..The Places. It isa native of Brazil, Canad,
not have its Roots fit to be taken up, until the Stalks | 4nd Peru, and feveral other
be half withered at fooneft, but
parts of America, and
they are wi- pri sat weer nt liane ndas in
thered, and fo all the Winter long, until the Spring | any of
again, they are good and fit to be taken up and uf which are a number of -almoft roundifh Tuberous
Roots, growing clofe together, fo that it has been | Hens Egs, the one he gave to a
obferved, that trom one Root, being fet in the Spring, there has been forty or more taken up again, and to have done more than to have filled a Peck Meafure, which Roots are of a pleafant good tafte, much like to the bottoms of the Heads of the Common Red Hartichokes.
IV. Another Defcription from Gerard. Flos Solis Pyramidalis parvo Flore, Radice Tuberofa. This wonderful Plant has growing up from one Root one, fometimes two, three, or more round, green, rough, hairy, ftraked Stalks, commonly about twelve Feet high, fometimes fixteen Feet, or higher, as big as a
Childs Arm, full of a white {pongy Pith within; the | tak
VIII. Note. ‘They are boiled in- Water till they are tender, after which shes. 78 peeled, fliced, and Stewed with Butter, Salt, Pepper, and a little Red: Port Wise, by which means they an Excel
Leaves grow all along the Stalks , out of order, of a light green color, rough, fharp pointed, about eight Inches broad, and ten or eleven Inches long , deeply notched or indented about the edges, very like the Leaves of Flos Solis Peruanus , but nothi
crumpled, nor fo broad as they; the Stalks divide themfelves into many ane Se even from the Roots to their very tops, bearing fmmaller Leaves and fimaller towards the tops of the Plant, making the
where it na 3: . yer fy hag he sraived two fall Roots of this Plant ti
one Franguevill of London, no bigger than
mi Friend, sty. mr
he Planted, and it brought him forth a Peck of Roots, wherewith he ftored Hampfhire; and now it pore great plenty in many other parts of this
ingdom. 29S Be VL The Times. t Flowers generally in Ofober. but Seeds not with us, and its Koots are in perfeéti-
on ro aA Mam Ee HA hs
- The Qualities, Specification abion Virtues and Ufes, are the = mith tea Het chokes in 338. aforegoi - that whereas in thefe the Heads of the Haracboke were only ufed and eaten, in thefe the Tuberous Roots only are
en. ‘
Plant appear like a little ur narrower and flen- | perifh.
derer towards the top, in fafhion of a Steeple or Pyramid; the Flowers with us grow only at the tops of the Stalks and Branches, like thofe of the faid Flos Solis, but no bigger than Our Common Jingle Marigold, confifting of twelve or thirteen ftraked., fharp pointed, bright, yellow, bordering Leaves,
owing forth of a fcaly, finall, hairy Head, with a Pall yellow thrummy fubftance within, thefe Flow-
ers, by reafon of their late Flowering, which is com-}.
monly two or three Weeks after Michaelmas, never with us bring their Seed to perfeftion, apd it makes
i *
_AV. The second, or Jagged Harts-Tongue, differs nothing from the Frei Kh in Rowe Leaf, nor manner of growing, but only in the divifion of the tops of the Leaves, which ix this aré.drverfly torn or Jagged, fome Leaves much and fome little, accord* ing to the place of growing and time of abiding: NoWw it is to be obferved, thar neither of thefe Plants have either Stalk, Flower, or Seed. -
V. The third, or Branched Harts-Tongue. It has a Root which is fometbing woody, witb black kibres thereat, fhooting forth many fender broad Stalks of Leaves, of two or three Feet long, a little Downy at bottom, -divided into thany Tong and harrow Leaves, dented about the edges, and fet one againit another, with an odd one at the end, each refembling the Head of'a Javelin, marked thick with ftraight Lined cal. ; — a on both fides unto the middle Rib; the whole Plant
If. The Kinds. It is either, 1. Phyllitis vera, | is without fell, but of an auftere tafte, containing of which in this Chapter, or 2. Phy/litis Notha, Ba- | fome heat, which is not prefently felt, but continues fiard Harts-Tongue, of which in the next. The|] pase vera, or True Harts-Tongue, is alfo three- fold, viz. 1. Phyllitis, five Lingua Cervina vulga- vis, Our-Common or Ordinary Harts-Tongue. 2. Phyliitis laciniata Jagged Harts-Tongue, or Finger Harts-Tongue. 3. Phyllitis ramofa Alpini, Branch- ed Harts-Tongue of A/pinws, which he has notified ‘in Libro de Exoticis.
Ill. The Deferiptions. The frft, or.Common True Harts-Tongue. It has a Root which is a bunch of many black Fibres or Threads, folded or interlaced item? which fends up feveral Leaves, every one of them rifing up fingly from the fame Root, which, as other Ferns, fold themfelves in their firft fpringing and fpreading ; thefé Leaves when they are full ott are about a Foot long, fmooth and green a- bove, but hard, or with little Sap in them, and ftra- ked on the back athwart on both fides of the middle Rib with fmall and fomewhat brownifh marks; the ree of 2 ater, = a little bowed on each
¢ of the middle Rib, fomewhat narrow with the} y, 4 Decolfion in Wine or Water. 2. An Atid Tin-. length, and fomething {mall at the end. Some do] gyre, 4, A Spirituous Tintture. 4. A Diftilled make two forts hereof, and diftinguifh them by the] fazer. ; Epithets of Latifolia and Angu/tifolia,
CHA P. CCCXLI.
OfHAR TS+TON GUE True, ‘ OR, DEERS-TONGUE.
I*JC° HE Names. It is called in Greek qvarins,
Phyllitis auch foliofa, in Latinte alfo Phyli- ‘tis, and Lingua Cérvina, in Englifh Deers-Tongue , pe pa a I fuppofe from the form of the
ong. -,
VI. The Places, The firlt, or Common Harts- Tongue, grows by the way fides in great plenty as you go from London to Exeter, in thadowy places; and in moift ftony Vallies and Wells, and is much
lanted in Gardens; the fecond grew in the Garden ormerly one Cranwich’s, a Chirurgian, living at Much Dunmow in Effex, the third is purely a ftran- ger with us.
long, but lefS green in Winter, and in Spring and Summer they fometimes bring forth new Leaves.
VIIL The Qualities. They are drying and bind- ing in the firft degree, Aperitive, Aftringent, Hepa- tick, Splenetick, and Alexipharmick.
IX. The Specification. They eafe the Spleens ftop Fluxes of the Bowels, and Bloody Fluxes, and wonderfully ftrengthen the Vi/cera,
The Virtues. X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom;
XI. The Decottion in Wine or Water. It opens obftru€tions of Liver and Spleen , taking away alio the pain and hardnefS of the Spleen, and it is a fin- gular good thing againft the Rickets in Children, and the Cachexia in Virgins and Young Women; it {tops all forts of Fluxes of the Belly, more efpeci- ally the Bloody Flux; ftrengthens the Stomach, and relictes the Tone of the Bowels, being depraved ot hurt; made in Water it abates the heat of the Li- ver and Stomach, and is good agaiuft the falling of the Pallate, Dofe four or fix Ounces.
Finger ».Harts tongue
WY) ) LY i)
\\\t yy
POSS
SFA S
SOW “s WSs
BIS iy XIL. The Acid Tinture. It more powerfully : Ss N Zs opens obftru€tions of Stomach, Liver and Spleen y B \ Z =) than the former, and theréfore is a fingular thing to
| \\ Z = cure the Cachexia and Green-SicknefS in Virgins ,
Fi \ Bz and being continaed to be given to Children troubled
3 (\ ree with the Rickets, it perfectly cures them; give ir
to them in all that they drink, f0 many drops at 4 time as may make their Drink be gratefully pleafant, it opens the obftructions of the Lung$ and Stomach in little Ones, and makes them breath freely; it is good againft the bleeding of the Gums, and a fingu- lar thing againft the Bitings of Serpents, or other Venomaus Beats.
XII. The Spirituous Tinfure. It ftrengtheng the Stomach, Liver, and Spleen, and more power- fully ftops Fluxes of the Belly, and in efpecial Blood Black than the Decottion in Wine, or any
AER
YS
Pe
‘ Gis io
‘a > (5) i
Roepe y
AN y than ae BAN N other Preparation of the Herb; it is good to refift f A, iit) Wy N N ’ the nce t of Poyfon, and reftores the Tone of the
Vg f'} \ Bowels being hurt, ftrengthening them to admirati-
on, Dofe trom one Dram to three Dramsy in ny Qqq propet
VIL The Times. They aré green all the Year
proper Vehicle, Morning, Noon, and Nighr, for : : “
Tongue, has a fmall thready Root like the former, quickly withering ; its Leaves exceed not the breadth of three Fingers, not hard, nor rough, but fmooth _ and gentle, and without any marks on the back fides of them, yet with a hollow roundnefS at the bottom — of them, as in the former, and befides fomewhat unevenly dented about the ae: Clufius fays, that Lobel having fent him fome Plants of this Species, after that he had kept them ina Pot, becaufe of their tendernefs, in two Years time they changed — their form into the Jagged Hart/horn, at which he much wonder’d, for afterwards, (as he fays)»when he came into Ezgland, he gathered with his own Hands in the fame place the like Plants, which there held the form of Hemionitis, or Baflard Harts: Tongue.
V. The third, or Strange Baftard Harts-Tongue, differs in nothing from the firft of thefe three kinds, but in the bottoms of the Leaves, which havea fall Ear, or piece of Leaf; fet on each fide of the arched or hollowed bottoms. ph
VI. The Places. Thefe all grow upon Rocks, and moift hollow places, where little
of the Sun comes, and are green all the Year, as is
the True Harts-Tongue in the former Chapter: The
fecond of thefe Lobe/ fays he found on St. Vincent’s
=e not far from Briffo/, in a hollow Cave or - ole.
VII. The Times. They are in their perfection i the advance of the Spring, but keep their greennefs all the Year long.
VIII. Their Qualities, Specification, Preparations _ Virtues , - the — with v4 True Harts-
omgue in the former Chapter; they are yay good againft Difeafes of the Spleen, and may b ufed inftead of the true Lingua Cervina to all Inten tions and Purpofes:
fome time.
XIV. The Diftilled Water. Taken with fome of the Spirituous Tincture it is good againft Faintings, Swoonings, and other Paffions of the Heart, and fo mixed it {tops the bleeding of the Gums, and faftens the Teeth if loofe.
LR
CHAP. CCCXLIL
OfHARTS-TON GUE Baftard, Bote sig X MULES-FERN.
LT HE Names. It is called in Greek ‘Hywri'nss BD } Szaivev, in Latine Hemionitis , and Sple- nium, the former gua‘ Mularia, the latter Splenium, ex Splen, 4 Splenis figura, in Englifh it is called Ba- flard Harts-Tongue, Mules-Fern, and Moon-kern.
Il. The-Kinds. It is threefold, viz. 1. Hemiont- tis major, Hemionitis vulgaris Baubini, Hemionitis vera Clufij, The Common, True, or Greater Ba- ftard Harts-Tongue. 2. Hemionitis minor Peng, feu altera, Hemionitis flerilis Lobelij, The \effer, or barren Harts-Tongue. 3. Hemionitis peregrina Clu- ij, Lobelij, Dodonzi, Strange Baftard Bice Toame.
Baftard Haristongue
a \ A\ &
\ C'H A P... CCCKUIIS \ of HART WORT.
\e\\s a
N\
\)
LQ’ HE Names. It is called in Greek Stony, in Latine Seféli, and of fome Sile, and in Eng- lifh Hartwort. Me Il. The Kinds. Authors make many Kinds here- of, but the following fourteen are chief, viz. 1. Se- feli verum, quod by pee cenfetur , Sefeli Maff-’ lienfe Folio Feniculo Lobelij & Clufij, The TrueSele- li or Hartwort of Diofcorides. 2. Sefeli Creticum, Sefeli Maffilienfe Lobelij Ferule aut Dauci Cretict facie, Sefeli Maffilienfe Matthioli, Sefeli Maffilenfe nonnullorum Camerarij, Candy Hartwort, or another
\\
\) My
i i bisit
OA
ww i '
6 \
\
Wyf\( \ WN Hartwort of Marfelles. 3. Sefeli Maffilienfe Pra-
D9) NAA tenfe , Sefeli Pratenfe Monfpelienfium, Hippomara- WY thrum Tabernamontani, Meadow Hartwort of Mar-
INS felles or Mompelier. This Ge/ner ia Horto thinks
to be Ligufticum Matthioli. Dodoneus calls it Siler alterum Pratenfe, and Baubinus thinks it to be Silaus Plinij, in Lib. 26. Cap. 8. and fays it is Paffimaca
~The Defcriptions. The ‘frft, or Common fod, Harts Tore ft nigra Cordi, but that of Cordus has divided eaves,
Baftard Harts-Tongue, ia its Roots, Leaves, and manner of renicagy ai very much refemble the for- mer firft, or True Harts-Tongue, both in form and color, but that the Leaf is fomewhat broader or lar- ger, and that the Leaves, being broadeft below, have a large hollow bowing, like unto an Half Moon, on each fide of the middle Rib, and the ftrakes on the backs of them are more floping.
~ IV, The fecond, \efler, or Barven Baftard Harts-
Saieteeiitth thaneaiiie oth en elie .
c & ys
row Leav’d Meadow Hartwort of Germany. 6. Se-| Fingers thicknefS, crefted, jointed, and {pread forth
Sfeli Paluftre Lattefcens Camerarij 7 Baubini, Milky Marth Hartwort. 7: Sefeli Creticum majus Lobel €7 Lugdunenfis, €7 Camerarij, Tordylion, Lobelij, ph ag Romané alterum genus Sylveltre Cefalpi- ni, The Greater Candy Hartwort. 8. Sefeli Creti- cum minus, Ordilion Nicandri, Tordylion Diofcort- dis, as Angularid fays, Tordylon and Gordilion Do- donai, Gefneri, ©& aliorum, Caucalis Cretica, & Grecorum Belli, Pimpinella Romana, Cafcalitra Bel- lonij, The fimall Candy Hartwort. 9. Sefeli Creti- cum majus luteum, Tordylion majus alterum luteum Columne, Great yellow Hartwort of Candy. to. Scfeli Apulum Creticum minimum, Tordylium mini- mum Apulum alterum Columna, The {imalleft Candy
“Hartwort. 11. Sefeli Montanum Folio Cicute gla-
brum, Séfeli primum Montanum Clufij, Mountain Hartwort with fmooth Hemlock like Leaves.. This Baubinus thought to be Levifticum alterum Lobelij €? Lugdunenfis, and Ligufticum fecundum Herbario-
“gum Tabernamontani, alfo the Sefeli Peloponetiacum
Diofcoridis. 12. Sefeli Montanum Folio Cicute /ub birfutum, Hairy Mountain Hemlock Leav’d Hart- wort. 13. Se/eli AEthiopicum frutex, Sefeli 7Etbio- picum verum Diofcoridis, as Lobel fays, Shrub Ethi- opian Hartwort. 14. Sefeli cretenfe nodofum, Great jointed Hartwort of Candy.
|
>
Che true of Hartnort,
oO
Ill. The Defcriptions. The fir/?, or True Hart-
wort of Diofcorides, bas a very white, long, flender
Root, like unto Fennel, but [melling better, and taft-
‘ing hotter and sharper, having a few Fibres adjoining
thereto; from whence rife one or more Stalks, ha- ving but few Leaves, thinly fet thereon, which are thicker and fhorter and harder than Fennel Leaves,
“turning downwards, of a greyifh Ath color, as all
“the reft of the Plant is, more efpecially in the hot- ter Countries, for in fome places they are thicker, or longer, or fhorter than they are in others, as Baw- binus has obferved. . the middle Stalk feldom rifes up above a Foot high, bowing to and fro fometimes, having many Branches from its bottom, with the like Leaves on them, and each bearing Umbles of white Flowers, but fometimes purplifh, though fel- dom; after the Flowers are gone, {mall long Seed follows, more like to Amifeed than Fennel Seed, pret- ty ng in tafte, yet {harp and hot.
Wy. The fecond, or cane ort, being another Hartwort of Marfelles. It bas a thick, long , and white Root, with feveral Strings and Fibres adjoining thereto, from whence rife up feveral Stalks, the mid- dlemoft of which is about a Yard or. more high, of a
into feveral Branches ; and other fivaller parts, the Leaves are Fertnel like, but thicker, and fhorter di-
vided, gretn; and hard, wich white points, its wing- -
ed Stalks or Branches aré large, and mort {pread out than Fenme/; at the top of each Stalk and Branch is an Umble of white Flowers, which turn into flat Seed, not much unlike to A#gt/ica Seed, but larger than Di// Seed, hot, and very Aromatical) —
UY A : AH eS ~] TN er FS
= AN) seo. a
MHaffilien Hart worte
483
ee ee ee i”
|
484 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I
“ral large {pread Stalks of winged Leaves, very finely
to feveral Branches, bearing at their tops Umbles of whitifh yellow Flowers, after which follow fmall © long Seed, fomewhat like to thofe of Fennel or Ca- vaway, or between them both, and a little Aromati-
cal in tafte. ,
VIII. The fixth, or Milky Marfh Hartwort. It has a long Root, which is brown on the outfide, white within, and of an unpleafant tafte, joined with much beat, by which it inflames the Throat, but bei Planted in a Garden it loofes much of that evil tafte and burning quality, becoming much more mild, this Root fends up a Stem or Stalk four or five Feet high, with Joints, and long Stalks, or Branches of well fpread Leaves fet at them, the divifions of which are fmall, and much cut in, almoft like to - | thofe of Gig or between them and Fenne/; at ’ the top of the Stalks it fpreads forth into Branches, as pid at a fmall La of white
owers, W. c ing away, lin, wir d Seed follows; the whole Plant, aay pat thereof being broken, there flows from it a n Milk like sce as there likewife does from many other
iferous Plants. —
V. “Fhe third, or Meadow Hartwort , bas a Root which # black without and white within, divided in- to feveral Branches, with Fibres adjoining to them, trom this Roor rife feveral Stalks of Leaves, as alfo “one main Stalk, two or three Feet high, with feve-.
“cut mco Many parts, each being like unto Fennel, but larger, harder, and of a dark green color, fet at the Joints, and branching forth towards the tops, bearing Umbles of white Flowers, which being paft, fmall, long, and fomewhat flat Seed comes in their place, whichis larger and blacker man Fennel ee and near unto 5S or Spigne/, of little fmell, and
eC.
a fall tharp ~
at the ends, being rough anc ing themfelves ai backwards wards the tops of the Stalks they ipré
forth into Branches, and have {ifaller
are gone, grow whitifh, flat, round Seed, circled about, as it were, with a bordeér , and cut in round about it alfo with round: dents, of little ot no finell or tafte. att | eS : X. The eighth, oF Stall Candy Hartwort. . It has a Root which is unprofitable , and as perifbing as t the Jaft , which fends up fach, like of winged Leaves as the former, but {maller, rounder, and VI. The feurth, or Common or True Hartwort o fhorrer, a little hairy, and whitifh, the Stalks ase Peloponefis of Diofcorides. This Grecian Hartwort | \elfer and lower, fuller of B $, beating paler has a great Root, blackifh on the outfide, and white] purplith Flovvers in Umbies, atid Seed after them, within, growing deep into the Ground, like Feru/e,| of the fame form or fhape, but quicker, as the or Thapfia, fomething {weet in ftnell, and hot in| Herb alfo is, and therefore the more accepted, tafte; the Stalk grows to be about two Feet high, | uféd as a Sallet Herb in Ira/y, and other Souther or more, as thick as ones Finger, with feveral large} and hot Climates. eer fpread Leaves at the bottom, as-great as Hemlock,| XI. The ninth, or Great yellow Candy Hartwott. but crumpled, rough, and: ys the Stalk and | This bas a like Root, and grows very like the Seventh, Branches bear large Tufts or Umbles of yellow Flow- | or Greater Candy Hartwort , having the like Leaves ers, which being paft-away yield broad, flat, wing-|on the Stalks, but fomewhat broader and fhorter, a ed Seed, of a pale-yellow color, fomewhat like unto | little fharp in tafte, and not above two or ele Angelica, but greater, and nothing fo thick, of a]|together, fet on the like Stalks, but on tht very {weet fmell, as fweet as the Sefe/: Ethiopicum ;| Branches, and bearing Umbles of yellow Flowers, this, fays Lobe/,. the moft Learned and Judicious| like Di//, without any Leaves under them, as the Herbarifts of Mompeler acknowledge to be the true| others have, which being awa Sefeli Peloponefe Diofcoridis, though formerly they | flat, round, Buckler like Seeds, ringed and dented took it to be a kind of Thap/ia, but the true Thapfe about the edges follow, but ge is much differing from it both in form and color, as| fmoother, and divided in the middle, ifh ftroke or line, making the Seed f
thofe who pleafe to obférve may find. ng t VIL. ‘The fifth, or Natrow Leay’d Meadow Hart-|a kind of Th/apfi, or Treacle Muftard na fays that this Flowers and
wort of Germany, has a Root as thick as ones Finger, f and very long, black without, and white witbin, of a| May, and grows only in Gardens there. © foarp and fomewhat bitter tafe, from this Root . The tenth, or Smalleft Candy Hartwe fprings up a round, crefted, or ftraked Stalk, three| bas a Root which % fmall, white, ba eet or more high, with feveral Joints and Leaves} hot in taflé; this Plant i like untc at them, very like for their form and divifions unto | Candy aforegoing at ett. KX above, “it Wild Carrct Leaves, but {mooth, and not rough, | like to dhe Lome eaves of
little hairy, the firft Leaves being of
and of a deep green color, fpreading ic felf forth in-
a -* en Be Ae
485
half long, and an Inch broad, and dented about the eiges with round dents; the fecond Leaf is of two Inches long, the third has a-longer Stalk, with two rounder than the other, abdut half an Inch broad, and a bigger Leat at the end, yet fimaller and longer than the firft Leat; the next are leffer and longer, and the Stalk is naked of Leaves below, being {mall, hairy, hard, Umbles of white Flowers, with yellow Threads in the middle, and underfec with long hairy Leaves, the outward Flow-
, thereby making the Umble refemble that of the Wi/d Carrot; after which come fuch like Seed as the former, but not half fo large, the middle part being of a darker color, be- they look of a purplifh green, but white, of amaromatick tafte, } i
Leaves fet thereon, fimaller an
and ftraked , and carrying thic
ers being larger than the inner
fore they are ri when they are full ri fomewhat bitter, and a little {weet in fimell.
XII. The eleventh, or Mountain Hartwort with} fmooth Hemlock like Leaves. It bas a long Root,|
divided into two or three Arms or Branches, of a brownifh black on the outfide, and white within, from whence fprings up 4 Stalk, which is hollow, and rifes up to the height of two Feet, or two Feet and : oe _ =— Se Aron em ry a Joints ) ves, divided into many er parts, like unto Hemlock. or Sefeli Peloponefe, the higher up the Stalk the fimaller and longer the Leaves,which are fmooth, and more finely divided; at the top of the Stalk comes forth larger Umbles of white Flow- ets, which turn into yellovvith crefted Seed, two joined together, of a.hot and aromatick tafte.
XIV. The twelfth, or Mountain Hartwort vvith hairy Hemlock Leaves. It bas a long, thick, dark colored Root, which fends forth broad Hemlock /ike Leaves, or like to the Greater fweet Chervil, of a dark green color, and fomething rough and hairy , efpecially the footftalks of the Leaves, from the midft of which rifes up a thick, hollovv, crefted , hairy, and Facer Stalks, about tvvo Feet high, di- vided into feveral Branches, vvith fome fevv Leaves thereon, but much leffer, and in .like manner divi- ded; near the top of the Stalk it fhoots it felf forth into many Arms or Branches, at the a of every one of vvhich grovvs a pretty large Umble of vvhite Flovvers, fucceeded by long fharp pointed Seed, tvvo joined together. °
XV. The thirteenth, or Shrub Ethiopian Hart- wort. It bas a Root which w% great and woody, Spreading it felf out into feveral Arms or Branches, with feveral Fibres pms therefrom, and which a- bides many Years, if it 1s defended from the cold, from this Root fhoot forth feveral. woody rough Stems, covered with a blackifh Bark, divided into many Branches, two, three, or four Feet, or more jong, befet with many fair, large, thick, hard, fmooth, pale green Leaves, being long, and fome- what like unto Woodbind Leaves, but not fo broad, ‘ mocth or even on the edges, and not fhipt or: dent-
ed at all; onthe tops of the Branches ftand fimall - Tufts of yellow Flowers, which afterwards bear ‘brownifh, round, and long Seed, bigger than Sweet Fennel Seed;, the whole Plant fmells very fragrant,
and the Seed beft; being of an Aromatick tafte, fome- what bitter, and fharp withal: This is:commended ‘by sin a to be the beft of all the Hartworts, me
~ XVI
that of Candy or Marfelles.
The fourteenth, or Great Jointed Hartwort
‘of Candy. It bas a Root which is compofed of feve- ral flender, long, white, woody Strings, which perifh- es Yearly, which Root fends up’-four or five hard, Stalks , about two t, ‘and bunched .out e, winged Leaf or ing of three, and
“round, rough, or rather prickly
Feet Kigh, Shots Joints are like Knees, with a rough, two at each of them, fome co:
and is doubtlefs that which ou Compofitions of Mithridate and Venice Treacte ; and- this Lobe/ gathered in-great plenty about Mompelier
fome of five parts, and every one of them. alfo divi- ded into. feveral parts, of a fad green.color, changing reddifh at Seed time; the Stalk is rough and creited,, and the feveral Branches hereof do, carry. feveral {mall Tufts or Umbles of white he nig aera be- ing paft away, there comes in their places great,
‘long, round, and rough Seed.
XVII. The Places: Molt of thele Sefeli’s.
\Hartworts grow about Mompelier , tink es, and,
Narbone in trance, as alio in Italy and Candy, fome
in the Morea in Greece, and fome in Ethiopia, and
fome of them in he 8 and almoft all of them ?
hey Flower moft of them
Nephritick, Neurotick, and i fterick, Antiemetick, | and Al i ick. / :
405 XX. Specification. Hartwort opens Obftru- &tions of the Lungs and Urinary parts, ey we and the Strangury, Afthma’s, Colick, ob{truftion the Terms, and Hyfterick Fits, and facilitates the Delivery of Women in Travail. XXI. The Preparations. Of all thefe Kinds the four firft are chiefly ufed in Phy fick, PF it is pofli- ble all the reft may have as excellent Virtues, and be. fully as efficacious) but the Ethiopian is preferred for its fingular Virtues beyond all the other forts, t to be put into the
of the Plant, the Koots,
in France: As to the
the Herb, and the Seok eee all ufed, and from them the following Preparations are made, wz. 1. A Fuice of the Herb. 2. An Effence of the Herb and
Root. 3. A Decottion in Wine or Water of the Herb, Root, and Seed. 4. A Ponder of the. Seed. 5. A
Cataplafm of Root, Herb, or Seed. 6. An Acid. Tintture of Root or Seed. 7. A Spirituows Tin@ure of Root or Seed. 8. An Orly Tintture of Root :or Seed. 9. A Diftilled Water from Root, Herb, or Seed, or from all of them.
‘The Virtues. XXIL The Fuice of the Herb. Tris commended
by Diofcorides to help the Strangury , and difficulty of breathing, as alfo the Suffocation of the Womb, to provoke the Terms, and
— the dead Child, it is prevalent alfo againft the Falling-Sicknefs, and
pains of the Kidnies. Dofe three or four Spoonfiuls, twice or thrice a day, mixed with a Glaf§ of White
Port Wine; mixed with Honey and taken, it is good againft Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, and Obitrutti- ons of the Lungs.
XXIII. The Effence. It has all the former Vir- tues, — given in like manner and Dofe, befides which it facilitates the Delivery of Women in Tra- vail; the Effence or Juice taken with the Pouder of the Seed for ten days together in White Wine, gives eafe in the pains. of the. Reins, and is faid-to expel the Stone lodged in thofe parts, if the Stone is great I am confident it can do nothing at all, -but if it is
-Tartarous Matter, Sand, Gravel, or {mall Stones,
then poffibly it may expel them, and clear the parts of thofe Recrements: The Eflence made of the Root is powerful in heating, and opening ates 7
7
,
ever it is often given againft the eins 2 ftop- : iv
© XXV. The Pouder of the Seed. It is faid to pre-
486 Salmon’s Herbal. ¢
by reafon of its thin parts, for which reafon it pow- by provokes Ulrine, and helps the Epilepfie, and this Galen {peaks of all the Hartworts in general ; and Diofcoridés fays they have the fame Faculties and Operations.
XXIV. The Decofion of Root, Herb, or Seed, in Wine or Water. It has the Virtues of both the for- mer: Preparations, but ina much lower degree, how-
ge of Courfes , and to facilitate the omen, €%c.
ery of
vail againft the Stone, Gravel, Strangury , Colick, obftruttions of the Vi/cera, &c. Made into an Ele- €tuary with Honey, it is good againft Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds; obftru&ions of Flegm, and caufes eafie. Expe€toration.. Dofe of the Pouder is one Dram, Morning, Noon, and Night, in any proper Vehicle, as White Wine, Parfly Water, -Ar/mart
ater, &e.:
XXVI. The Cataplafm of the Root. If it is beaten into a Pulp, or boiled foft, .and then beaten, and brought into a confiftence with Terra Samia, or to two of the Root, one part of: Terra Samia, and an eighth part of Honey, oe then applied, it is of good ufe to difcufs fimple Contufions, or Brui- fes, and to take away the black and blew marks or fpots of the fame, coming by Blows, Pinching, or otherwife.
XXVII. The Acid Tinflure of Root or Seed. tis
good againft all forts of malign and burning Fevers, | Ki
the Small Pox, Spotted Fever, Calenture, and the | ich in thi . OF. Mate 'mon Kinds, of which i following
— the Bitings of Serpents, or Mad “Es or the wn Tie sare .comened 2 a hete
Plague or Peftilence it felf; it is alfo prevalent a-
tinging of Scorpions, Hornets, or other Venomous Creatures; it cleanfés powerfully the Urinary pafla- ges, is good againft Stone and Strangury , as alfo thortnefs of Breath, difficulty of breathing, Hoarfe- nefS, Wheezing, and the like. Dvfe twenty, thir- ty, or forty drops at a time, (more or lefS, according to the quantity of the Vehicle) in Ale, Wine, or other Liquor, three or four times a day.
XXVIUL The Spirituous Tinfure. It powerful- ly provokes the Terms, refifts Vapors, and gives date in the Colick, and is good. againft the Poyfon of any Venomous Creature; it is good againft the Epilepfie, and other Difeafes of the Nerves, Head, and Brain P em from cold and moifture; it ftrengthens the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and a ftrong Digeftion, cleanfes and ftrengthens the Womb, and caufes Conception. Dofe from one Dram to three, Morning and Night, in Ale, Beer, or Wine, or in any other fit Vehicle, as Decoftion, Diftilled Water, 7c.
XXIX. The. Oily Tindure. It is good againft weaknefs of the Nerves, Palfies, numbednefS of an part, Pains or Aches,’ whether external or internal,
roceeding from cold and moifture, or any over firaining of the part; it facilitates the Birth, and cau- fes a fpeedy and fate Delivery; it gives eafe-in the Gout, alleviating the pain in a fhort time, it caufes an evacuation of Sand, Gravel; and. Tartarous Mat- ter from the Reins, and other Urinary parts, and
revents the breeding of the Stone; it alfo gives eafe in the Colick. Dofe from twelve to thirty drops in any fit Vehicle, or in the Diftilled Water of the fame Plant; it allays itching in any place, by allay- ing the ferment of the Humors.
XX. The Diftilled Water. [tis good: for all Diftempers abovenamed, but is much weaker, and is therefore ufed as a Vehicle, outwardly applied tothe Skin, it takes away its difcolorings, as yel- lownefs, Tanning, Sunburning, black and blew pots, sednefS from Pimples, &+.
‘inall — Five feveral Species, viz. 1. Sharp -point- eli Seven ven Kinds. 2, Blunt
Gum Succory like Hawkweeds, Four Kinds. 4. Gar. den Succory like Hawkweeds, Three Kinds. 5. Wild Succory like. Hawkweeds, Four Kinds. 6. Smooth ‘Mountain Hawkweeds, Five Kinds. 7. Hairy Moun- \tain Hawkweeds, Thirteen Kinds. 8. Meadow ~
; . gS. 5 as
ae g & =
= $
| cundus Tragi, Hieracium Sonchi Folio variorum, racium minus Lugdunenfis
Lobelij, Hieracium alterum Saxatile Montanum C- demne, Rough Dandelion like Hawkweed. . 3. Hie-
te Lib.I. C H A P.. CCCXLIV.
of H AW KW EE D Common.
LP HE Names: It is called in Greek Tegdusy,
Ee ab “leeak, Accipiter, An Hawk, (fic dittum volunt quod Accipitres fibi hujis fucco actem Oculo- rum acuere dicuntur) in Latine Hieracium, andby fome Authors Accipitrina, in Exglifh Hawkweed.
Il. The Kinds. Authors make a vaft number of the Kinds of this Plant, many of which grow not with us in England ;. Parkiafon divides fo as he Treats of into nine general Heads; maki
on like Hawkweeds, Seven pointed Dandelion like Hawkweeds, Ten Kinds. . 3.
‘Hawkweeds , Three Kinds. 9. Bufhy Hawkweeds, . ‘Six Kinds. _We fhall not follow this Divifion, nor yet Treat of all thofe feveral Species, butonly of fo many as are to be found growing in Exgdead, and. therefore we divide them 5 i
Ill. The more common Kinds. ber Eleven, viz. 1. Hieracium majus Sonchites, Hie — racium majus: Matthioli ,. Fuchfij , Dodonei, Lobelij, & aliorum; Taraxacon majus p pene y latabenstes
+4
; (becaufe he makes the Chondrilla prior Diofcoridis to be his Hieracium - magnum ) Common Great Hawkweed with Sow-Thi- ftle Leaves. :2. Hieracium Dentis Leonis Folio af- perum, and birfute afperum,. and magi laciniatum
ae pe ee
racitum Dentis Leonis Folio obtufo minus Flore magno, Dandelion like Hawkweed. “4. Hieracium Denti Leonis Folio Foribus parvis , Dandelion Hawkweed — with {mall Flowers.. «5. Hieracium afperum “a cheris, five Porcellia dittum Tabernamontani . racium minus Dentis Leonis Folio fub afpero, Swine Hawkweed with rough Leaves. 6. Aieracium Folijs,
is ¢ =
a ae
Fs
z g — 3 ¥
& = Q < = & iS
Hawkweed with deep cut Leaves. . 10. Mier, Pratenfe non finuatum majus, Greater unc c dow Hawkweed. 11. Mieracium Pratenfe m nuatum minus, The lefler undented Meadow weed. This being faid, it is to be underftood, th: the Hawkweeds ttand as ina medium between Succories and the Sow-Thiftles, as in fom pastaking of them both. . . . x IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or. Great Ha weed, bas a.Root which is long, and fo ewbat g. with many fmall, Fibres.thereat, from whence,
. 22
| Chap. 242.
raj Bohs Bs
up many large hairy Leaves, lying on the Ground ,| and fomewhat hoary, at the bottom of which grow much rent or torn on the fides into feveral gafhes | a few rough Leaves, bitten in (as it were) about the and jags, fomewhat like unto Dandelion, but with | edges, and about three Inches long, and half an Inch greater parts, more like unto thofe of the Siooth}| broad, having but few Leaves thereon, and thofe Sow-Thiftle, the wholz Plant being full of a bitter} about the middle, which are but only dented, and Milk ; from among which rifes up a hollow rough | encompafs it at the bottom, bearing very many mall Stalk, two or three Feet high, Branched forth from | yellow Flowers together at the tops thereof, which the middle upwards, on which are fet, at every Joint | grow upon very fhort Foorftalks. where it Brancheth, longer Leaves, little or nothing} VIII. The Afth, or Swines Hawkweed with rough rent or cut in, bearing at their tops feveral pale yel-| Leaves. It hax a fimall and long Root, and is but a low Flowers, confifting of many {mall narrow Leaves, | /ma// Plant, having feveral fomewhat long and rough broad pointed, and notched in at the ends, fet in a| Leaves lying on the Ground, fimaller at the bottoms, double row, or more, the outermoft being larger | and broader towards their ends, unevenly waved a- than the inner, which form moft of the Hawézweeds | bout the edges; the Stalks are a little rough, flen- do keep in‘all their. Sorts or Varieties, which being | der, and bare of Leaves, Branching into feveral long paft away turn into Down, and with its fmall brown- | Stalks, about half a Foot in length, bearing every
ifh Seed is blown away with the Wind. onea large yellow Flower, like unto the Hawkweeds.
There is another Plant of this fort, whofe Leaves are fmooth and narrower, but differing little in any thing elfe.
IX. The fixth, or Gum Succory like Hawkweed. This grows not fo high as fome others, and bas its Leaves thicker jagged, but not fo large, each jag fomething dented alfo, and fomething hairy, the Flowers are yellow, but not {0 thick or double, but growing in a Tuft together, which being ripe, and turned into Down, are, with its Seed at bottom, blown away. with the Ww ind, as the Down of other Hawkweeds are. -
X. The feventh, or Smooth deep jagged Hawk- weed. his differs not much from the laft, but that the Leaves hereof are fmooth, and very mach and very deeply jagged, even to the middle Rib, each jag being fimall, narrow, and pointed; its Stalks,
Oo
MVE. Sige See, " i Je ~t . ~ ri) i ae <) VA Vie:
i LA Great
\ V4 Hawk weed yi)
OF
Small Hares Hawkweed.
ty He ‘> as
RS 44>
V. The fecond, or Rough Dandelion like Hawk- weed. It has a Root a is fmall, fomgwhat like a Finger , with a few Fibres adjoining thereto, from whence fpring “up feveral long and narrow hairy Leaves, reddifh at the bottom next the Root, deep- ly waved or torn in on the edges, being about two Inches long, from among which rife up one, or two, or more bare or naked Stalks, rough or hairy, bear- ing each of them a double yellow Flower, like unto the Hatvkweeds, which being paft away turns into Down, as the former does. VI. The third, or Dandelion like Hawkweed, bas a fmall and fibrows Root , which fends forth fix or Seven thick rough Leaves, lying on the Ground, a- LES bout two Inches long, and half an Inch broad, round LY PWNS pointed, and jagged about the edges, as other Hawk- A ( AS weeds are ; the Stalk is hoary alfo, and Branched, WD IRSKES about a Span, or eight or nine Inches high, having © pe fimaller Leaves thereon, with fimaller divifions, at} XJ. The eighth, or Hares Hawkweed, or Yellow the tops ftdnd very yellow Flowets on very fhort| Devils-Bit. Its Root is made up of many Strings, like 00 fhooting out very fine hoary Husks, point- | ¢ Plantane Root, but the middlemoft part, wltch is greateft, is fhort, as if it bad been bitten off, like the Root of Devils-Bit: This Root fends up many Leaves,
ed at the brims with many points. | VII. The fourth, or Dandeliod Hawkweed with
wers, bas a Root which is fmall, white ,| of which thofe which lye next the Ground are fome- woody, and fibrous, the Stalk is round, a Foot high,} what long and narrow, cut in on the edges ints =
wers, Down, and Seeds are like unto the former.
Salmon’s
and fhort pointed gafhes; the Sralks are fmull, and Acarcely grow to te a Foot high, {pread out into a few Branches, with fome Leaves here and there up- .on them, which have no divifion or dents on the fides ; at the tops of the Branches {tand the Flowers, which are much feparated one from another, each “upon a long Footfltalk , confilting of fewer Leaves, or being leis double, of a Gold yellow Color, which ‘being paft away, are fucceeded with Down, like the other Hawkweeds, the whole Plant, and every part thereof is very bitter, rather more bitter than any ‘of the others.
XII. The ninth, or Meadow Hawkweed with ‘deep cut Leaves. The Root is blackifh and woody ; the Leaves lying next the Ground are many, long, and narrow, and deeply cut or torn in on the edges, -and pointed at the ends, each Leat ftanding upon a long Footltalk, and covered with a Downy hairinefs, -as the whole Plant befides is; the Stalk is hollow, round, and about a Yard high, having a few fuch dike ay cut Leaves thereon, it is fpread forth into feveral Branches, at the tops of which ftand Gold yellow Flowers on feveral long Footftalks, fucceed- ed m Down, as the others are.
XIII. The tenth, or Greater undented Meadow Hawkweed, bas a_fmall and black Root, with feveral long Strings adjoining to it, from whence rife up fe- veral rough Leaves, lying upon the Ground , each about five Inches long , and an Inch and half broad, without any gafh or dent on the edges, being very ‘green, and ending in a round point, fron: among which rifes up one fingle, ftraight, and crefted Stalk, about a Foot and halt high, wholly naked, or defti- tute of Leaves, bearing at the top a number of {mall yellow Flowers, fet clofe together, as it were in a
uft, every one upon a fhort Footftalk, which bein
458
paft away, do, like the reft, turn into Down, and
pafs away with the Wind. XIV. Hawkweed. Its Root is fowething long, and of a mean thicknefs; the Plant is leffer than the former, and has many lefler Leaves undented lying upon the ‘Ground, of an Inch-and half long, and an Inch broad; being almoft round, and rough; the Stalk which ri- fes trom the middle of them ftands upright, and is crefted, bearing at the top a few fuch like Flowers as the tormer, which being paft away turn into Down, which is al{o carried away with the Wind.
XV. The Places. The firft and fecond grow in feveral places about Fields and Pathways in dry Grounds; the third, fourth and fifth grow alfo in Fields, wafte Grounds, Lanes, and By-Ways in ma- ny places of England, the fixth, feventh and eighth
ow alfo plentitully enough in many places of our Pond, and fometimes in Gardens; the ninth, tenth
and eleventh grow in Fields and Meadows, and by} pa
Wood fides which lye open to the Sun.
XVI. The Times. They all Flower, and the Down flies away in the Summer Months, vz. in Fune, Fuly, and Auguft, and rife again of their own Sowing.
XVII. The Qualities. They are all cold and dry in the firft degree, Abfterfive, Aftringent , Anodyn, Diuretick, Peftoral, Stomatick, and Alexiphar-
mick. XVII. The Specification. It eafes pains of Liver and Spleen, and opens obftructions of the Lungs.
XIX. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. An. Infpiffate Fuice. 2 An Effence. 3. A Decottion in Wine. 4. ACollyrium. 5. A Cata- plafm. 6. A Diftiled Water, 7. An Acid Tintture. 8. A Saline Tintlure.
folved in White Port
geltion, difcufles Wind , hinders Crudities
againft all the Difeafes
he eleventh, or Leffer undented Meadow’
Herbal. bib. I The Virtues.
XX. Ie Infpifte Puce. A Dram ther di 5 g a little Vi
when it is given, opens the obftrutions of the Reins, ’
Ureters, and Bladder, provokes Urine, and preyails againft the Dropfie , ais alfo good againft Sine
the Sting- | ing of Scorpions, and Biting of Serpents, or ri Venomous s; it is alfo good againft the pain
and hardnefS of the Spleen , and procures Reft and
Sl XX The Effence and Liquid Fuice. It is cool-
ing, drying, and binding, and therefore good for the
eat of the Stomach, and gnawing thereof, for In- Hammations, and the hot Fits of Agues; the Juice given to two or three Spoonfuls in Wine helps Di-
hel the depraved Tone of the Stomach, is good ‘pai the Strangury , or ftoppage of Urine , and prevails 7 r which the Infpiffate Juice is given. ;
XII. The Decoéfion in Wine. “Tt has the Virtues 7 of the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo i
erful; made with Wild Sxccory and taken, it the Wind Colick, pains and hardnef$ of the Spl procures Reft and Sleep, hinders Venery, and Noftur- nal Pollutions, cools and purifies the Blood, opens — obftructions , and cleanfes the Stomach, Reins, and Bladder : The Deco&tion mixed with Honey and ta- j ken, it digefts thin Flegm in the Thorax or Lungs, helps the Cough, HoarfenefS, Wheezings, obftru- tions of the Vifcera, and caufes Ex tion, Dofe fix or eight Ounces twicé a day, viz. Moming and Night. five XXII. The Collyrium. It is thus made. Take clarified juice of Hawkwcéd eight Ounces, Honey our Ounces, Roch Alum fix Drams, mix, melt, ant make a Collyrium., It is fingular good. tor all ed fetts and Difeafes of the Eyes, in tender aT People it may be mixed with Womens Breaft Milk, or with Cows Milk, and fo ufed; iris alfo ufed with good fuccef$ in curing fretting and eating Ul- cers in any part, efpecially in their beginning. — XXIV. The Cataplafm. Ontwardly applied it is good for hor Diftempers of the Eyes; ifvir is made of the green Herb bruifed, and witha little Salt ap- plied to any place burn’d with Fire, before Blifters do arife, ir takes our the Fire, and gives cafe, it alfo allays Intammations, and St. Aathoniee Fite, - cures Pufhes and Eruptions in the Skin, abates heat, 4% and draws forth falt virulent Humors; if it is made j by boiling with a little Milk and Barley Flower, or White Bread, and applied to any place affeSted with = Convulfions, or the Cramp, or Bf there isafim- ple Contufion, it refolves the Tumor, and eafes the
in. i ae y Diftilled Water. It is faid x cleanfe the Skin, and take away Freckles, § Morphew, or Wrinkles in the Face and Skin i ae XXVI. The Acid Tinfure. Yt removes the prz-
i. +)
fantly acid, and to be drunk in all that the Patient — drinks; it cures alfo a hot Scurvy. chet XXVII. The Saline Tinfure. It is good ag the Gout, whether in Hands or Feet, the part teted being well bathed therewith as hot as endured ; it is alfo good againft Tanning, ing, yellownefs of the-Skin, black and blu thro’ Blows, or Bruifés, Freckles, Lentils. Morphew, Pimples, and other hor, fale, sheng hoe of the Skin, in what part o foever, being skilfully applied. —
fruticofum minus, The Leffer bufhy Hawkweed.
Chap. 345. 4 Enghifh Herbs. 2 489
Languebeef , or Ox-Tongue, but much narrower , which are fharp about the edges, rough in the mid- dle, and withal fharp pointed, the Stalks are long and flender, fet with the like Leaves, but leffer; the Flowers grow at the tops, which are yellow colored and double, which being paft, are fucceeded by Down, which is carried away with the Wind.
CHA P. CCCXLV. Of H A W K WEED Lefs Common.
l/s HE Names. It is called in Greek ‘leegnsoy bavdv, x ieedxscy aides, in Latine Hieracium in- commune, vel rarum, Hicracium minus commune, in Englifh Hawkweed lefs common, ox not fo eafie to be met with, as being either rare, or otherwife, Exo- ticks, and fo only Garden Plants with us. Il. The Kinds. ‘All the various Kinds enumera-
um minus F Dodonai, Apargia Dalechampij, of which Theopbraftus aap Lib. 7. Cap. 9. Hie-
racium Déntis Leonis
re Carneo, Hieracium Ramofum Pene, Hicracium Apulum Flore fuave rubente Columne, Garden Suc- cory like Hawkweed with blufh Flowers. 7. Hre- racium Folio Hedypnoidis, Wild Soy like Hawk- weed with yellow Flowers; it is called Rbagadiolus| IV. The fecond, or other Great Hawkweed. The by Csfalpinus. 8. Hicracium Montanum Latifolium|whole Plant is bitter, and perifbes at the firft ap- glabrum majus Tabernamontani, Great broad Leav’d| proach of Winter, being but Annual, and to be new {mooth Mountain Hawkweed. 9. Hieracium Mon-\Sown every Year; its fisft Leaves are little or no- tanum Latifolium glabrum minus Tabernamontani ,\thing dented, but fomething like Exdive, yet thofe Small broad Leav’d fimooth Mountain Hawkweed.|which follow are cut in on the fides, not fo much 10. Hieracium Montanum Rapifolium, Turnep Leav’d|as the Sovw-Thift/e, elie not much unlike, which aré Hawkweed. 11. Hieracium Montanum Folijs den-\more tender, yet larger than the firft in the former tatis Flore magno, Dented Mountain Hawkweed with |Chapter, as the Stalks are likewife, bearing on the a great Flower. 12. Hieracium Ramofum Flore mag-\ Branches greater Husks, wherein the Flowers grow, no, Great Flowered Hawkweed. 13. Hieracium|which pafs into Down, with rough crooked Seed Montanum Latifolium villofum magno Ylore Clufij,\lying therein, and are both difperfed and blown a- Hairy broad Leav’d Mountain Hawkweed with a|way with the Wind. large Flower. 14. Hieracium Montanum Dentis| V. The third, or Long Rooted Hawkweed. Its Leonis Folio incano, Hieracium Folio Hedypnoidis Clu-| Root is white, fmall, and long, running down as Sij, Hieracium Montanum Anguftifolium Folijs Cicho-| deep into the Ground fays Lobe/as the Stalk is high, raceis Tabernamontani, Mountain hoary Dandelion] yet fome of it has been obferved with more and like Hawkweed. 15. Aieracium Britanicum Conyze\{horter Roots; the Leaves which lye upon the Folio Clufij , Englith Fleabane like Hawkweed. 16.|Ground are long and narrow, much torn and jagged Flieracium Lisijoion Clufij, Hieracium Phlomoides\on the edges , fomewhat like unto Dande/ion , but Tabernamontani, Hieracium Latifolium Pannonicum| cut into many fhort round pointed pieces, of a dark Camerarij Flore magno luteo, Broad Leav’d Hawk-| green color; the Stalks which arife from among the weed with a great yellow Flower, which is the Pri-|Leaves are fmooth and blackifh , icarcely a Foot mum Clufij. 17. Hieracium fruticofum Folio fub ro-|high, bare, or without Leaves on them unto the tundo Baubini, Round Leav’d bufhy Hawkweed.| tops, bur at the upper Joint, from whence fpring 18. Hieracium fruticofum Latifolium birfutum ,|feveral Flowers, each {tanding upon a long Foor- Rough broad Leav’d bufhy Hawkweed. 19. Hiera-|{talk, which are of a yellow color, like unto other cium fruticofum Anguftifolium majus, The Greater] Hawkweeds, and being once paft away, the Heads narrow Leav’d bufhy Hawkweed. 20. Hieracium|are filled with Seeds covered with Down, which is carried away with the Wind. VI. The fourth, or Garden Succory like Hawkweed Ill. The Defcriptions. The fir/t, or Sharp point-| with yellow Flowers. It has a long down righc ed Hawkweed. It has a Root which is tough, and] Root, of a mean fize for thicknefs, and fome Fibres fibrous, or thready, from whence rife up many|adjoining to it, which fends forth a {lender {mooth Leaves, which are long and narrow, like thofe of}Stalk , about a Foot high, yet fomewhat leaning rr down-
49° Salmon s Herbal. = Lib. J.
i t| XI. The ninth, or Small broad Leav’d fmooth eb ik ae “a ae H Mountain Hameed, ya Bo a jp Hoos) Of which grow 10Ns » “—? 1. pm : , se. endl me ie atone aivifions, pm fo in its manner * growing 5 Ra ee e, the Seer iy dei set torn, or jagged, very ie former great Kind , but only in g . : ' i Rib, as
ft (in fome places) to the middle Rb, aya hole Specially Thich grow higher ae u : ward on the Stalk and Branches each of the Branc
: dth below f ge a a at oe ann of each of |difh yellow color, which fends forth a few Leaves,
which grows a yellow Flower, of a middle fize, ftanding upon long and rough reddifh Foorftalks which turns into Down, and is carried away with
Mi i inted from among which rifes up a rough, en Succory like Hawkweed | pointed Jags , y Aa tea: i ais Plant in its Root, Stalk, |reddith, ftraked Stalk a. Foot and half or more high we ches Leaves and Flowers, is very like unto with one or two finall waft fay ereon, thie Peo fourth Kind, but that the Leaves in this |towards the top into iy " P. wes ago fomething larger and broader, and more cut in, |whereof ftands one nee ) e os Pat. or panel and torn on the fides, even to the middle renga we of é vi . , S _ ay po ‘ ; or, W r Rib, (tho’ they can hardly be more irregularly torn Gs the reft) 5 Lecwe) peg Bae he i Ma XU. “Lhe eleventh, or Dented Hawkweed witha great Flower. The Root is much like the former, — which fends forth Leaves, lying for the moft partall on the Ground, being four or five Inches long, and | an Inch broad, a little woolly or hoary, dented about the edges, of a fad green color; the Stalk rifes up to be about a Foot and is ina manner bare of Leaves, rough, and , bearing ellow Flower at the top, Husk , which tums into ee as the relt do, and is blown away with the ind.
XIV. The twelfth, or Great Flowered Hawkweed This is a large Lawkweed , and has a Bot
f| Stalk, three Feet high, {pread out into many Bra ing he one of which ftands a large Gold yellow Flower, like unto Dandelion, the Leaves are thiee or four Inches long, and two or three Inches broad, with a great Rib in the middle, and many Veins run- ning thro’ them,ofa pale green color,fomething rough, waved about the edges, and fet about with fall ' Hairs, and many Veins running from the faid Rib, / XV. The thirteenth, or Hairy broad Leav'd Moun tain Hawkweed with a large Flower. It has a pret ty thick Root, with many Fibres fpringing from it; and tho’ it is a Broad Leav’d Hawhweed, yet its low- er Leaves are long, and fomething narrow, cover . with a long hairy Down, almoft hoary, but thofe which grow up higher upon the hairy Stalk, which is about a Foot high, are fomething fhorter, but three times broader, pointed at the ends, and let hairy ; the Stalk {preads it felf out into two or three Branches, every one bearing commonly one Flower, and fometimes two or three, out of woolly or = hoary Husks, of the form and color of other
and of a fomewhat ftrong “poet like fell, which
ed, which lying among much Down, are carried away together with the Wind.
1X. The feventh, or Wild Succory like Hawk- weed with yellow Flowers. It has a Root which is long and white, with fome fmall Fibres adjoining thereto, which fends up fome few Leaves, lying next the Ground, fomething a and narrow, wa- ved, or unevenly dented about the edges, in fome more, in others lef$, and fometimes hairy withal, yet when Planted in Gardens has little or none at all, it alfo fends forth many flender Stalks, with a few Leaves fet difperfedly upon them, which are fmaller than thofe below , and {harp pointed, thefe Stalks branch forth at their tops, on which ftand feveral green se Husks, with yellow Flowers in them, a little bending their Heads before they are blown, in which grow crooked Seed, lying in the Down, which after the Flowers are paft away, are both carried _ with the Wind.
. The eighth, or Great broad Leav’d fmooth Mountain Hawkweed. It has a bufhy Root, wholl made up of a great number of Fibres or Strings, hich
ends forth feveral fair great Leaves, fomething nar- row at the lower ends, and broader to the middle, where they are broadeft, then declining in their breadth, and ending ina point, being unevenly dent- ed or waved about the edges, and encompaffing the Stalk or Branches as they rife up, the Stalk and Branches bear every one o them three or four Flow-|Stalks of a Foot long without any Leaves, and cfs, = not in an Umble like manner, thefe Flow-|ing at top ohe large Flower, of a deeper yeulov yell es i“ appear open, but when they do they are|lor than in many othets. mo : ye ow, like unto others, which afterwards pafsinto}] XVII. The fifteenth, or Englifh Fleabane } own, and are alfg carried away with the Wind. |Hawkweed. fr has a Root which is comp
weeds, turning alfo in like manner into Down, __ XVI. The fourteenth, or Mountain ry Janae lion like Hawkweed. The Roots of this Plant oe {preading thetnfélves under the upper Cruf of the rth, fending forth feveral Fibres, thooring down- wards; from this Root come up divers heads of Leaves, which are not all of an equal length, but fome longer, and fome fhorter than others, aS! one, two, or more Inches long, and half an inch broad, with a great or thick middle Rib, covet over with a foft hairy Down or Cotton, the tower parts of them being narrower, and much tori il 08 the fides, and the upper part broader, and but omy dented, from among which rife up two of
Chap. 345. many black cee which perifh not, an
many Years, this Plant rifes up with round, ftraked, reddifh, green Stalks, a Foot and half high, fet with
Exgh/b Herbs. but abide} eleventh,-twelfth, thirceenth , fourteenth, fifteenth,
and fixteenth, grow upon Mountains and Hills in» feveral parts of England, are alfo Natives of Italy
fomewhat large rough Leaves, like unto thofe of ]and Germany, and are many of them tranfplanted
F/cabane, without any order, but not fo fat or thick, and dented about the edges, encompaffing them at the bottom, and pointed at the ends; the Flowers are a » like to other Hamkweeds, fet in hairy Husks upon long Footftalks, which turn into Down, and with the whitifh long Seed is blown away with the Wind.
XVII. The fixteenth, or Broad Leav’d Hawkweed with a great yellow Flower. It has divers large hoary Leaves lying next the Ground, fometimes a little waved, fometimes again torn on the edges, fometimes with black fpots on them, and fometimes without any, from among which rifes up an hairy Stalk, with very few Leaves thereon, fpread out at the top into two or three other Branches, at the tops
of each of which is a large yellow Flower, like to|
the Great Hawkweeds. ;
XIX. The feventeenth, or Round Leav’d bufhy Hawkweed: It grows about a Foot and half high , the Stalk being ftraked, round, and fomewhat rough, {pread out at top into feveral Branches, three or tour Inches long apiece, every one having at its head a pale yellow Flower; the Leaves encompaf$ the Stalk at their lower ends, and are fomewhat round,
about an Inch and half broad, yet ending in a little point, dented about the edges, hoary, and of a light green color.
XX. The eighteenth, or Rough broad Leav’d
bufhy Hawkweed , has a Root wholly compofed of Strings and {mall Fibres, which being cut or broken yield a Milk like Juice, as moft of the Hawkweeds do; it has broad and fomething long, hard, rough, dark green Leaves lying on the Ground, without on inciffures or dents on the edges; the Stalk which rifes up among them is. two or three Feet high, thick fet with fuch Leaves unto the top, but lefs, and growing feffer and leffer, at the tops ftand a few ellow Flowers, compofed of fewer Leaves than the lower of the other Kinds, confifting but of one row, “which are as the border to the mid le Thrum, and being paft away turn into Down; fometimes this is found to vary, with lefS rough, or rather with foft Leaves, fometimes broader and fhorter.
XXI. The nineteenth, or Greater narrow Leav’d bufhy Hawkweed. It has a Root which is whitifh, very long, and deeply iecading into the Earth, quickly over running a great deal of Ground, for every little piece being broken off will grow, and fo is not eafie to be rooted out of that place where it has once taken pofleffion; this Hawkweed grows very like the laft, but has longer and narrower Leaves, fomewhat rough, and dented or waved about the edges; the Stalk is more Branched at the top, where the Flowers are more and thicker, the Leaves of which are of a fair yellow color.
XXIL. The twentieth, or Leffler bufhy Hawkweed. It has a Root which is fhort, and as it were bitten off, without any Fibres at it; this leffer bufhy Kind
rifes up with a fingle Stalk, about a Foot and half
high, fet about with feveral fhort and fmooth Leaves in fome places, and with almoft round rough Leaves in others, dented about the edges, and at the top bearing feveral yellow Flowers upon fhort Footftalks, much like the latt
XXII. The Places. The firft fix are Planted for the moft part in Gardens, having been firft brought to us out of Ita/y, yet the fecond of them has been found growing Wild in England, the feventh is a native of France, but tranfplanted hither; the eighth
and ninth only grow with us in Gardens; the tenth.
alfo into out Gardens; the four laft Kinds grow :
with us in Gardens, as alfo naturally Wild in teve-
ral places of England and Germany; the eighteenth and nineteenth have been'found growing in the way.
going froin Londen to Hampfled Heath, .as alfo in. feveral other places. . SY ,
XXIV. The Times. They all Flower, and their Down flies away in the Summer Months, and rife again of their own Seed, but fome of them will a- bide until the cold of Autumn cairfes them t6 perith; but the moft tender of them will Flower with us till the end of Auga/?, the Seed tipening in the mean
time.
XXV. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of all thefe are the very fame with the Common Kinds in the former Chapter,and are thought to be rio lefS effe€tual than they in all the Effetts and Properties pertaining to them, to which you are re- ferred.
XXVI. An Obfervation. It is to be noted ; that tho’ the properties and force of all thefé Plants may. be faid to be one and the fame with the former Com- mon Kinds, both from their form and their Litter tafte, which indicates in a great meafure their Qua-
lities and Virtues, yet the fixteenth, or Broad Leav’d »
Hawkweed aforegoing, #s particularly commended by Camerarius as a thing fingularly good for the Phthifick, or Confumption of the Lungs, being made into a Conferve or Syrup, or the Pouder of the Herb being taken with Honey; he fays that in My/ia they put it intd their Sallets, Broth, and Meats, for the fame purpofe; and that it is available for the Pleu- rifie alfo, being fo affirmed by feveral Authorities, and that Without any help of Blood letting: If the Pounder, Confer¥e; or Syrup, be fo effetual as Ca- merarius fays, then without doubt the Liquid Juice or Effence muft very much tranfcend any of thofe Preparations: The Effence may be given three or four Spoonfuls at a time, Morning, Noon, and Night, either alone, or elfe mixed with any proper Vehicle, and fo to be continued till the Ulceration of the Lungs is digefted, cleanfed, and healed, which you may eafily know by the frefh Countenance of the Difeafed Paticnt, and by his getting a new produtti- on of Flefh upon his Back, as alfo by his ctafing to {pit Matter and Corruption.
CHAP. CCCXLVI.
Of HEART S-EASE Garden,
OR, PANSIE.
L“Q° HE Names. It is called in Greek 'Uy éxfa-
xe, it feems to be the Vi0/a Hamméa, which Gaza will have to be #28 or aie, in Theophrafi us Lib. 6. Cap, 6. in Latine Viola Tricolor, Herba Tri nitatis, Herba Clavellata, and of fome Fucea, but
this laft Name is moft proper to Kaupweed, of
which in its place; in Englifh Heartt-kaje, Herb Trinity, and Panfie:
IL. The Kinds. \t is of three principal Kinds, viz. 1. Viola Tricolor, Viola Trinitatis, or Hos Tri- nitatis Hortenfis, Garden Hearts-Eafe, of which in
Rrr2 this
ives
—Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I
this Chapter. 2. Blos Trinitatis Sylvefiras , fe, of which in Chap. 347- He The Garden Kinds. f here are three forts of the Garden Kinds, viz. 1. Fos, feu Viola Tricolor —Hortenfis communis , Viola Flammea major minus, The Greater, or Common Garden Hearts-Eafe. 2. Flos, feu Viola‘Tricolor Hortenfis, Viola Flammea Hortenfis Flore duplict , Hearts-Eafe with double Flowers, 3- Viole Flammea lutea maxima , he Great yellow Hearts-Eafe,
— 4 VIZ eee ‘
FES) ]} s———_\\ Fy NW yj ZA zy ‘
AAT ZZ NNY Chin Yr
Sa \ ae ; SY ih . (FZ
upon the Ground, fet here and there with the like Leaves, from whence conse forth the Flowers, ha-
varieties, for fome Flowers will be more White, and but fome fpots of Purple or Blew in the two upper Leaves , and the lower Leaves with fome ftripes of yellow in the middle, others will have more Purple in them than any other color, both in the upright and lower Leaves, the fide Leaves Blew, and the middle Yellow; and others White and Blew, with ellow ftripes, as Nature is pleafed to vary the Co- > \ ors: The Seed is fmall, whitifh, and round, and DQ contained in finall round Heads, The lefferis like
\\\
Ni \
\
: fowing. ’ Lio VL The third, or Great yellow Hearts-Eafe, Thi is another one which decks and adorns oxr Gi dens, and therefore is not to be left out, its Leaves and Flowers are like the former, but.more plentiful in Stalks and Branches, and better abides our, Win- ters; the Flowers are larger than ge of a fair pale yellow color, with fome:yellow ftr a and then about — pe - is pene without any ftripes, and alfo of a li e deeper yel- low color; this Plant is to be cote flips, which will foon multiply in a fertil and moift Ground , for it bes. Stance ever been obférved to
45/ we = <™ Ae AS
— Law
= ae | » A i v, Jen Heartseust
Greater Ga
VII. The Places. All thefe Plants were fisft Wild, and by being brought into the Garden, and Manuring,, they have been brought to a very great fai color, and the beauty which they now and alfo to a better fimell than when. they grew Wut, and in the fame manner I believe many other Wild Plants might have been improved, even:to kind of — perfeftion. OTR
VIII. The Times. Hearts-Eafe feldom Flowers until May, but then fome will abide to Floweruntil the end of Autumn almoft, if Frofts, by their being too early, hinder not, as thofe of the Double Kind.
aa
IX. The Qualities. Hearts-Eafe feems to be tem perate as to its firft Qualities, it is Emollient and
IV. The Deferiptions. The fir? Greater or Com-| W. n Oi -|Wine. 3. A Syrup. 4...A Cataplafm. 5. An mon Garden Hearts-Eafe. It bas @ Root compofed of | ment or Balfam. f° a Pouder of the Herd 4
Chap. 346. .\Exghjb Herbs. =
to do in the fame Cafe > I doubr not but they exceed the Diftilled Water ten times at leaft in their Power and Effe&ts, but the Diftilled Water mixed with xs uke tome or infpilaata besoin an Steel ; : or the conglutinating an ing of fimple XIU. The Fuice or Effence. They are very vif- iene Wounds. as ° as cous , and emollient , good againft hot Difeafes off | XIX. The Acid Tinfure. Itisa fingular thin the Breaft and Lungs, and againft Agues, being ta-| to abate the burning Fit of Agues,. and extingui ken three Hours betore the coming of the Fit, as al-| the moft vehement heat, even of malign Fevers; it ° fo againft Convulfions, and the Falling-SicknefS in| is good againft all malign Difeafes, and refifts the Children, it is alfo good to bath the places troubled ee or Peftilence it felf. Dofe fo many drops as with the Itch, Tettars, Scabs, or other b; to make the Vehicle gratefully fharp and pleafant, out in the Skin, and to cleanfe old Sores and feetid | and to be taken in all that the Patient drinks; iral- Ulcers, being wafhed therewith: You may take from | fo queaches Thirft admirably. three ei ee Nick a time an = Motning faft-}; ~ : ing , at Night going to , either alone | | bit felf, or mixed with 1 fome fit Vehicle. 9c) ey. wert CHAP. CCCXLVIL
Flowers. 7. A Diftilled Water. 8. An Acid Tin- dure.
The Virtues.
XML The Decottion in Water or Wine. Tt has all}
Of HEART S--EASE Wild, OR, HERB TRINITY Wild.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek "lav grbpoy
adie, in Latine Viola Flammea Sylveftris ; Herba Trinitatis Nemoralis, Flos Trinitatis Nemo- rofus , vel Sylveftris, and in Englifh Wild Hearts. Efe, Wild Panfies.
Il. The Kinds. There are four Species of this Plant, wiz. 1. Viole Tricolor Sylveftris communis , The Common Wild Hearts-Eafe. 2. Viola Tricolor affurgens, Upright Wild Hearts Eafe. 3. Viole Tris color lutea Sylvefiris, Wild yellow Hearts-Eafe. 4, Viola Tricolor Petrea, Stoney Hearts-Eafe. ~~
Hearts-Eafe Wild,
Z, Wo “ 7 Cul (3 WENN Ga
it helps againft Difeafes of the Breaft and Lungs.
XIV. The Ss It may be made of the Fuice or Effence, with Honey, or of the Flowers, exattly in ihe fame manner as ag make Syrup of Violets. They ‘are both admirable Pe€torals, caufe eafie Expe€tora- tion, and cleanfe the Thorax, or Breaft, Lungs, and Stomach, from crude falt Flegm, frothy and vifcous Humors , and other like Tartarous Matter, which caufes Coughs, Wheezing, HoarfenefS, fhortnefs of Breath, difficulty of Breathing, and other like Dit eafes of thofe parts; it is alfo faid to heal a Phrbj- fis, or Ulceration of the Lungs, being timely and affiduoufly taken. The Syrup of the Flowers mixed’ ‘with fair Water, and the Juice of Limons, and fo made as it may be freely potable, being largely drank, it quenches Thirft, abates preternatural heat, and extinguifhes burning Fevers.
XV. Tha Cataplafm. It is good to be applied to fimple Contufions, as alfo to places broken out with the Itch, Scabs, Tettars, Pimples, Scurff, Mor-
hew, €c. for it difcuffes, opens the Pores, clean- es, and abforbs the fharpnefS of the Humor.
XVL The Ointment or a They may be
Liq LZ;
NN A eZ) ; \y)
SS ip
fam many times heals a fimple green Wound at once \ or twice dreffing; it is alfo a very good thing to be ys a applied in the extremities of the Gout, giving eafe NS ISAS in a very fhort time. ; i= ESSNY XVII. The Pouder of Herb and Flowers. It is ONS Ie
Vulneraty, being applied dry upon Ulcers, it fucks up their moifture, cleanfes, incarnates, and dries, thereby magog +9 {peedy healing, more efpecially if the Sore or Ulcer be evety time, before it is ap- plied, well wafhed with the Juice or Effence. XVI. The Diftilled Water. ‘Cofteus in his Book of the Nature of Plants fays, that the Diftilled Wa- ter of Hearts-Eafe is commended in the Freach Dif- eafe to be profitable , being taken for nine days, or} more, and Sweating upon it; how true this is I will not fay, but wifh that by Experience it might be confirmed; if the Diftilled Water can have fuch Vir- tues, what may the Liquid Juice or Effence be able
Il. The Defcriptions, The firft; or Conimon Wild Hearts-Eafe. It hag a fibroas Root, which fends up
494 Salmon’s Herbal. ~ Lib.1.
i a aa Se en re Set Se ¥P at firft many round Leaves, afterwards they grow| | VIII. The Places. They grow in wafte and Corn © fomething longer, and are flightly cut about ra . eS, Fields, about their borders, ond in Fallow Gro * and by their weaknef$ lye upon the Earth; the Stalks} and borders of Groves and Forrefts, the firft an are weak and tender, and tho’ they feem to grow a| fecond, tho’ they grow Wild in the Fields, yet they little upright, yet they feem to eral, or lean towards | fometimes alfo grow in Gardens; the fecond, or the Ground, upon which grow feveral like Leaves,| Upright Kind, grows on Mount Baldus in lia/y;
_ as alfo Flowers, like to Violets, upon long Footftalks , | Lobe/ fays it grows in Languedock in France, and on the chief difference between thefe Wi/d and the for-| the tops of fome Hills in England; the third, with — mer fist Garden Kind i§ in the color, and largenefS} yellow Flowers, has been found by a Village in of the Flowers, (for in the Leaves and form of grow-| Lancafhire called Latham, about four Miles from ing there is but little variation) the Flowers in this} Kircham the laft grows only in Rocky, Stoney, being for the moft part finaller than thofe of the} Gravelly, and barren Grounds, and other like places Garden, and of as little fmell, but as to the Colors} IX. Ihe Times. ‘They Flower not only in the they are various, yet there is fcarcely a Flower a-} Spring, but for the moft part all Summer long, thro? mong many which has three cdlors, for they are | Apri/, May, Fune, and Fuly, even to Auguff, chiefly White, and pale Blue, more or lef$ marked] =X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, and or {potted , and fometimes yellow in the bottom;| Virtues, are the fame with thof of the Garden the Flowers being paft away, little round Heads fuc-| Kind in the former Chapter, fo that no more need
ceed, fomething lefs than a Tare, about the bignefs| be {aid concerning the fame in this of a large great Pins head, which being ripe, do open aor themfelves, and in a little time after let their Seed fall forth. Bt iy IV. The fecond, or Upright Wild Hearts-Eafe. Ir} yore Mire fae bas a Reet — of kibres or Strings, which pe-\ CHAP. CCCXLVII. rib after Seed time, the Plant rifing again of the ei 4 ry eae fallen Seed: This Hearts-Eafe grows to be about a ne ah Foot high, or more, with hard upright Stalks, which Of HELLEBORB LA CK True, yet at their tops bend a little again, they have two] | he hf ay 7 eaves fet at each Joint, but longer, and more dent- |. O., Mon iticak ans Date ed about the edges than the firlt Garden Kind in the ener | former Chapter; at thefe Joints with the Leavess,, CHRISTMAS FLOWER. Bish
tal
on both fides of the Stalks, comes forth a larger . Flower, and more {pread open than thofe of the Age id of - Garden Kind, yet very like to them, of a pale pur-|I-"F* HE Names. It is called in Arabick Cherba- plith color, and almoft as fweet asa Violet, as Mat-}) chem, and Charbach afued, in Greek Exibe thiolus fiys, but without fmell, as Lobe/ fays, Do-|¢% and fometimes without the Afpirate ’Eartien, — doneus defcribes this Kind with variety of Colors,|in Latine E//eborus, and Helleborus, alfo Hellebo- and therefore calls it Viola affurgens Tricolor, where-| 74m, and Fereiren, gaat Mentem vertat, in Englifp as Matrbiolus declares his to be e3 Pupies after | alfo He/lebor, arid Chriftmas Flower, = the Flowers are paft, longer Seed Veffels follow than} Il. The Kinds, There are two principal’ Kinds, thofe of the Garden Kind, in which is contained | v/z. 1. “EaatCéess usras, x) “EaniCoepr peraymedier, Hel- {mall whitifh Seed. leborum nigrum, Veratrum nigrum, Black Hellebor, ' V. Gerard has this Defcription of it. The upright] of which we fhall Treat in this Chapter, and in Panfie, or Hearts-Eafe , brings forth long Leaves, | Chap. 349. and 350. ‘EaatCoers asuxts, Helleborus al- pe cut in on the edges, fharp poinged, of a bleak | bus, vel Helleborum album, Veratrum album, Sanguis. or pale green Color, fet upon flender upright Stalks,| Herculeus, Confiligo vegetij, Abfyrti Columelle & - cornered, jointed, or kneed, about a Foot high, or| P/yzi7, White Hellebor, and Sneeze-Root, of which higher, upon which grow very fair Flowers, of three | we fhall (God willing) Difcourfe in Chap. 351. and colors, viz. Purple, Blue, and Yellow, in form or | 352. following. fhape iike unto the firft Common Garden Hearts-Eafe,| Ul. The Kinds of Black Hellebor. Thete are fe- but greater and fairer, which Colors are fo excel-| vetal Kinds of this Plant, as 1. Helleborus niger lently and orderly placed, that they bring great de-] verus, The true Black, Hellebor, called alfo Vera- , light to the beholders, tho’ at the fame time they |#7#m nigrum verum, of which in this Chapter. 2. have little or no fmell at all in them; for it happens | Hed/eborus niger nothus maximus, Helleborafter max- oftentimes that the uppermoft Flowers are differing | zs, Confiligo, Baftard Black Hellebor, or Bears- s from thofe which grow upon the middle of the} Foot, called by fome Country People Sctterwort , 0 Plant, and thofe again vary from the lowermoft,| guafi Setonwort , being applied to the Ears, Neck, , as Nature is pleafed to play with things of fuch} and other parts, after the manner, or in place ofa uty. Seton. 3. Helleborus niger nothus minor, Hellebo- VI. The third, or Wild Yellow Hearts-Eafe. This| rafter minor, The lefler Baftard Black Hellebor, in its Rat, Stalk, Leaves, and manner of growing,\which is alfo called The defer Bears-Foot, of both is much like to the firft aforegoing, and bas been ta-\thefe we fhall Treat in Chap. 349. 4. Elleborine, ken by fome young Herbarifts to be the. Yellow Vio-| vel Helleborine nigra Sanicule Folio major, Wilh let, the Flowers are of a faint yellow color, with-| Black Hellebor with Sanicle Leaves the Greater; it out mixture of any other color, yet having a dee obey
?
is called alfo Aftrantia nigra by Lobel and Gener, — ellow fpot in the loweft Leaf, with four or five|Offeritivm Montanum Tragi, Imperatoria nigra Va- ~ lackifh purple Lines, in which it differs from the| bernamontani, but Dodoneus takes it to be Eiebi WS firft Wild Kind. niger, OY Veratrum nigrum Diofcoridés , and Baubi- VIL The fourth, or Stoney Hearts-Eafe, zs a mean | us calls it El/eborus niger Sanicule Folio maj and low Plant , the Leaves are rounder, and not {o|Elleborine nigra Sanicule Folio minor, Helleboi much cut about the edges as the firft is; the Stalks her Sanicule Folio minor, Wild Black Hellebo or Branches are weak and feeble , trailing upon the |Sanicle Leaves the Leffler, or The Leffler Sar Ground ; the Flowers are likewife of three Colors, |Hellebor. 6. Ev/eborine Ferulacea, Helleborus t viz. White, Blue, and Yellow, but void of fimell; |Feru/aceus, Pfeudobelleborum Matthiol, Bup and the Root perifhes having perfe€ted the Seed. | mum majus Anguillare Clufij, & aliornm,
SSS aS Sse
PRS =
do closet
ftard Black Hellebor Fennel Leav’d , of which three | and tt only grows in
laft in Chap. 350. following.
IV. The Defeription. The firft, or True Black Hellebor, ca//ed Chriftmas Flower. It bas a Root which confifis of a great number of brownifh black Strings, which run down deep into the Ground , and are "Falined to a thick head, of the bignsfs sf ones Finger, growing fmaller from its top or bead down- wards, from this Root rife feveral fair green Leaves, each of them ftanding upon a thick , round, ftiff, green Stalk , about a breadth high from the Ground, divided into feven, eight, or nine or Leaves, and each of them nicked or dented from the middle of the Leaf to the pointward on both fides, abiding green all the Winter, at which time the Flowers rife on the like fhort Stalks as the Leaves grow on, without any Leaf thereon for the moft part, yet fometimes having a fall, fhort, pale gteen Leaf, refembling rather a Skin than a Leaf, a little under the Flower, and Lag but little higher than the Leaves; each Stalk alfo bears ufually but one Flower, very rarely two, confifting of five large, round, white Leaves apiece, like unto a great fingle White Rofe, chancing fometimes to be either dafht with a Purple about the edges, or to be wholly Pur- fle. without any White in them, as the Seafon ,
eather, or time of continuance does contribute to effect the fame; this Flower has many pale yellow Thrums in the middle, ftanding about a green Head, which afterwards grows to be the Seed Veffel, di- vided into feveral Cells or Pods, like unto a Co/um- bine Head , or Aconitum Hymeale, but greater and thicker, in which is contained fomewhat long and
round blackifh Seed, like to the Seeds of the Ba/fard
Kinds, or Bears-Foots,
V. The Places. It grows in Greece , Italy, Eng- land, Erance, and Germany, in many places of thofe Countries, as alfo in Anticyra, an ifland the Hill Oeta in Theffaly, where it is faid to grow in an extraordinary
over againft
plenty, whence came the Pro- verb (fpeaking to a Melancholy or Mad Man, as to
his Cure) Naviga ad Anticyras;, but with us in Eng- Gane. VI. The Times. It Flowers in December, and
| Fanuary, if the Seafon or Weather be any thing me ate, if the Air is mild and warm, it general- Vy
owers about Chriffmas time, from whence witli
Jus came the Name o Chriftmas Flower.
VIL. The Qualities. tis hot and dry in the third degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Cofmetick, Hepatick, Splenetick, Arthritick, Cathartick, Emerick, and it
}given by an unskilful Hand Jwwrie@; or Venefick.
VII. The Specification. It is peculiar againft Madnef$ and Melancholy, Quartan Agues, Scabbi- nefs, and Leprofie, kills Worms, and cures the Kings Evil, Dropfie, Yellow Jaundice, and Gout.
1X. The Preparations. Youmay have therefrom, 1. The Liquid Fuice of the Leaves. 2. An Ejfence of the fame. 3. An Infufion or Decottion of the green Leaves. 4. An Infufion or Decottion of the Root. 5. A Syrup. 6. A Pouder of the Leaves or Root. 7. A Seton of the Root. 8. An Extratt of the Root. 9. A Peffary of the Root. 10. A Lotion of Herb or Root. 11. An Ointment of the Herb. 12. A Diftil- led Water of the Green Herb. 13..An Acid Tins ure of Herb or Root. 14. A Spirituous Tintturé. 15. Az Oily Tinflure. 16. A Saline Tintture.
The Virtues.
X. The Liquid Fuice of the Leaves. It ts ufed for moft Difeafes in which White Hellebor is avail- able, but it is nothing fo violent or dangerous; the Juice of the Leaves made up with Flower into {mall Cakes and baked, has been ufed to good joes againft the Dropfie, Jaundice, Cachexia, and other evil difpofitions of Liver, Spleen, and Gall; it may be given from half a Dram to two Drams, according to Strength and Age.
XI. The Effence. It is ufed to open and purge the Body in feveral Cafes (as well as the Extract of the Roots) and is of great ufé and effects againft all Melancholy Diftafes, long and tedious Agues, as the Quartan, and the like; it eafes the Megrim, and Cephalxa, or old inveterate Headach, Yellow and Black Jaundice ; Leprofie, Falling-SicknefS, Con- fumption, either of the Lungs or whole Body, pains of the Belly, Sciatica, Cramps, Convulfions, or fhrinking of the Nerves, as alfo all other Griefs and Pains of the Joints or Nerves, as Gout, Inflammati- on, and the like, it being taken Morning and Even- ing, half'a Dram at a time, in any convenient Ves hicle, always increafing or diminifhing-the Dote, according to the Age and Strength of the Patient, and as you find it by obfervation to work.
XIL. The Infufion or Decottion. It may be made with Water (if for hot Difeafes) or Wine (if for cold Diftempers) but Authors advife, that the Herb or Root be firft corre€ted, by fteeping ir in Vinegar, (becaufe of its dangerous and obnoxious Qualities) a day and a night, and then dryed again; yet our Englifh Kind {eems not to be fo violent as that which grows in hotter Countries, nor has it fich a violent Operation in working, for which reafon that pravi- ous corre€tion of it may be forborn; thefe have all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but work with more moderation, aid are much fafer to be taken, and may be ufed in all the Cafes aforenamed. Dofe from half an Ounce to two, three, or ¢our Ounces, according to Age, &c.
XU. An infin or Decoftion of the Root. It has all the Virtues of thofe of the Leaves, but it yet operates mote moderately, and therefore is the more fafe to be taken; Country People give the Infufion or Decoftion’ of either Leaves of Roots to kill Worms: m Children, 1 confet$ they may be tr re
a
>
4.96 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1. <n ec ec oe EN {uch as are come to Mans ftrength and growth, but| foul or callous Ulcer or Fiftula be wathed with this to Children it ought to be given with a great deal| Lotion, and then the Pouder of the Root be ftrewed of caution, or elfe forborn, fince there are many sae it dries, heals, and fuddenly cures them. other things which will do the fame fafely, and ful- XX. The Ointment of the. Herb. Mf People af- ly as effectually as thefe can. fli€ted with Lice be often wafhed with the i-
XIV. A Syrup. It is made of the Infufion or| on of Hellebor hot, and then the Head or other parts Decostion of Herb or Root, boiled up to a confiften- | anointed with this Ointment, it kills them, and per- cy with Honey, or as fome will haye it, with Ho- ng ge the breed. : ney and Vinegar, which is indeed better; it is both] XXI. The Diftilled Water. It is of good ufe to Emetick and Cathartick , and evacuates Tartarous|temove black and blew {pots or marks from the Matter from the Lungs; it cleanfes alfo the Tuni-} Skin, and to take away the ellownefs thereof, as cles of the Stomach and Guts from evil juices adhe-}alfo Tanning by the Air, Sunburning, Pimples, ring to the fame. Dofe from one Spoenful to two, eo and other like deformities of the fame. or three. XXII. The Acid Tinéture. Given toa grateful
XV. The Pouder of the Leaves or Root. It has all} acidity in any proper Vehicle, it kills Worms in Old the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, Effence, Infufion,| or Young, it ae! Purges, «and prevails againft all Decostion, or Extraét, but it works much more | the Difeafes the erb or its Root is good ‘for; it churlifhly, caufing Gripings, Fainting, vehement alfo overcomes Poyfon, if the Patient takes it foon SicknefS at Heart, and fometimes Swooning away ; | after the receiving of the Poyfon; mixed with Da. it kills Worms, and is good to give in MadnefS, and mask Rofe Water, it is good to wafh ples in to fach as are troubled with a Hypochondriack Me-| the Face and Skin, as alfo Lentils, Freckles, &c. ic lancholy ; if an Iffue is cut in any flefhy part, yea, foon takes them away, and reftores the Skin to its in the Neck, or upon the Shoulder, or brawn of the] true and natural color. 7 Arm, or Thigh, or Leg, anda Pea be put into it| XXII. The Spiritwous Tintlure. Ie is an extra- for a day or two, and then the hole of the Iffue be} Ordinary thing to bath hot withal in a Ga ftopped up with the Pouder of Hellebor Leaves, and | preventing and. curing the fame; it may be given left there for one, two, — or ie inwardly = half ioe = “two Depa make a Tumor nearly as large as an Egg, an w| more, according to Age a tr 5 agai j all the ill Humors fom all, yea, the moft remote | Kings-Evil , Jaundice , Dropte, Gent, Lepete, parts of the Body to that place, and ae them | French Pox, and other Difeafes of like kind, it there, and by this means the Kings-Evil, Leprofie, | fomething troubles the Stomach, otherwife it works Gout , Sciatica, and Pocky a bape y e have been | well enough. a2 ey cured, yea, after that a number of Purgings, Vo- XXIV. The Oily Tinfure. It is very good a- mitings, Bleedings, and Salivations, have all been | gainft the Sciatica, Gout, and weaknefles and pai ufed in vain, and had no effe&t upon the Patient. | of the Joints and Nerves, it refolves Convulfions,
XVL The Seton of the Root. it is ufed to Rowel}and yet ftrengthens the Nerves , and reltores ina Cattel withal, as Country People call it: P/iny Lib.| Palfie; it is good alfo to anoint withal upon any 25. Cap. §. fays, that a piece of the Root of Black {training of the Nerves, or when the Bones are out Hellebor being, Sa Cae —— made bs the pe. rom: it i aa apo the part,
of a Beaft troubled with the Cough, or having | and rettores one thereof being hurt.
er : XXV. The Saline Tintture. "le is to be ufed as
taken any poyfonous thing, cures it, if it be taken as out the next day at the fame Hour: Abj/prtes and hot as can be endured upon the part ar parts affli€t- Hicrocles fay the fame thing, as alfo Columel/a, This} ed with Scabbinefs, Tettars, Ringworms, Pimples, manner of Curing is ufed with us, but the place is] or other breakings out, as alfo againft yellownels, changed from the Ear to the Dew-lap in Oxen, and blacknefs and blewnefS of the Skin, Leteila Freckles, to the fore Leg or hinder Leg of an Horfe above Sunburning, Tanning, Scurff, Morphew, L fie, the Pattern. or any other like detaedation, if itis conftan y ufed
XVIL The Pejjary. Being applied to the Womb, | two or three times a day for fome time, it y it mightily prevails to bring down Womens Courfes, | Cures thofe deformities, and leaves behind it a plea- and if there is any callous or hard flefh grown in the | fing fmoothnefs and beauty. Vagina, leading to the Womb, or in a Fiftula , the Root being left therein for two or three days, it will totally confume it, Galen Lib. 6. de Simp. Med. affirms this, and Fulius Alexendrinus fays he often tryed it to be true. :
XVII. The Extraé of the Root. This has all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Infufion, Decoftion, and Syrup aforegoing, and is more mild and fit to be taken than any of them, and as it =| be always ready at Hand, fo it ma be given in all thofe Di- {tempers for which thofe Preparations ate to be ex- hibited. Dofe froma Scruple to a Dram, or Dram and half, in the Morning fafting.
XIX. The Lotion of Herb or Root. It ismade by Infufion or Decoftion in Wine Vinegar, or in half Vinegar half Wine, it is good to wafh any place troubled with Scabs, Wheals, or Pufhes, Leprofie, or any other like breaking out, yea, altho’ it be a Gangrenous or Phagedenick Sore or Ulcer, it ftays
their {preading or eating,*and preferves the Flefh from putrifaction, this fame Lotion helps alfo the Toothach, if the Mouth be gargled therewith, and it be held fome {mall time therein, alfo wr Ls into the Ears, it eafes the pain, helps againft the noife of the Ears, and removes rhe dea! if any
C H A P. CCCXLIX. |
of HELLEBOR BLACK Baftard. OR, Oe BEAR S~F O OT.
cu
7 LOPS HE Names. It is called in Greek “Baitiee vo8G-, in Latine Helleborus notbus, and Elle borum nothum, in Englifo Baftard Black Hellebor, and Bear's-Foot. ' Il. Ibe Kinds. There are two Kinds hereot, 0 1. Helleborafter, Helleboraftrum maximum, Helter rus nothus maximus, Confiligo, The Greater Be Black Hellebor, or Bears-Foor, called alto and Setterwort, 2.. Helleborafler, Helle minus, Helleborus niger notbys minor, ihe *
Baftard Black Hellebor, or Leffler oot. I
4
=
Chap. 349. Enalifh Herbs.
__ 497
Jius calls this Helleborus adulterinus Hortenfis, and | Stalks, divided into many parts , but each of them Confiligo minor Lugdunenfis, but the Helleborus ni-}are longer and narrower, of a darker green color,
ger vudgaris Gefneri.
SN =
SUD a a ee
“Nh di
Ml. The Defcriptions. The fr/t, or Greater Ba- {tard Black Hellebor. It bas a fingle Root, with no- thing fo many Strings growing to it as the True in the former Chapter has, and oftentimes perifhes after it bas given Seed, yet not always, nor in all places ; from this Root proceed feveral, fad green’ Leaves , each upon a long Footftalk, which are divided into feven or nine Leaves, each of which are narrower than thofe of the Lejfer Baftard Heilebor in the next Seftion, a little dented about the edges, but not fo deeply as the Lefer, and abiding above Ground. green all the Winter, whereas the following perifhes e- very Year, and rifes again in the f{pring; from a- mong thefe Leaves fhoots up a catiabis large and tall Stalk, higher by half than the Swa// following, with fuch like Leaves thereon as grow below, but fmaller up to the top, where it dpreads ir felf out into divers Branches, bearing many hollow Cup-like Flowers , divided at the brims into five parts, but do feldom {pread themfelves open, of a whitifh yel- low green color, fomewhat like the next Baftard Kind, and fometimes purplifh about the brims or edges, with a green Head in the middle, and a few white Threads about it, by which it feems to be Veratrum nigrum quartum peregrinum Clufij: This green Head growing to be the Veffel, wherein the black Seed is contained, fhoots forth into four, five, or fix Horns, fafhioned like the following 2 “Mey Kind, faving, that it is fmaller, as the Seed alfo is for the moft part; the whole Plant, and every part thereof, is of a worfe fimell than the following; the Root of this, with the lower part of the Stalk next to it, is of that Bears-Foot, or Setterwort , which Comets Ecople ufe to Rowel their Cartel with.
IV. ‘The fecond, or Leffer Baftard Black Hellebor. It has Roots which are more firingy, black and bard than the former in Chap. 348. it is in moft thin like unto that True Black Hellebor, for it bears alfo many Leaves, as feven, eight, or nine, upon fhort
and dented on both fides, feeling fomething hard, thefe perifh every Year, bur rife apain the next Spring; the Flowers hereof ftand on higher Stalks than the Trwe, with fome Leaves on them alfo, yet very few , and are of a pale green color, like the True in the former Chapter, but fmaller by half at leaft, having likewife many greenifh yellow Threads or Thrums in the middle, nd fiich like Seed Veflels, and blackifh Seed in them.
V. The Places. The firft gtows, as Tragus fays, .
in the borders of Stoney Fields and Grounds, alfo on Rocky Hills, as by the Mo/e//a and Rhine, alfo in Sylva Harcynia, and as Pene fays, in Aquitane in France, and by the River Lanus at Mompelier, it grows Wild in many Woods and fhadowy placts in England, as alfo in almoft all out Gardens about London, and feveral other parts of thé iy a the fecond has been found in fome Woods in North- amptonfhire, and in other places of this Land, as al- fo in fome places within Eight or Ten Miles of London. a SE
VI. The Times.. They both Flower in February or March, according as the preceeding Winter and Spring Seafon are in mildnefs, and their Seed is ripe in May, or towards Fune.
VIL. The Qualities , Specification, Preparations and Virtues of thefe Baftard Black Hellebors are the fame with thofe ef the Tze in the former Chap- ter, fo that no other declaration need be made thereof,
VIII. Obfervat. 1. That the Greater Baftard Black Hellebor , Bears-Foot , or Setterwort , was held by Dodoneus to be a kind of venomous Aconite, or Woolfs-bane, not to be ufed, and that it would kill Woolves, Foxes, Dogs, &c. I have known it ufed in Deco€tion to kill Worms in the Belly, which it would effetually do, but it had a deleterious or poyfonous quality, which fome Bodies could nor overcome, where it killed not the Patient, it would indeed kill the Worms; but it is fo dangerous a Medicine , that it ought not to be internally ufed , but by a very Skilful and Prudent Hand, and yer nothing fcarcely is more common to be ufed by Wo- men in the Country than the Deco€tion of this Herb for the puspote aforefaid ; I knew a little Youth take it to kill Worms, but it killed him firft, alfo a Wo- man between Forty and Fitty Years of Age, whom it killed in about three Hours time; at the fame time, by a Womans Advice, the Decoftion was gi- ven to my felf, being then about Eight Years of Age,
but I met with a better Fate in the ufe thereof, yer _
my danger was great, it vehemently Vomited me, and’ made me Heart-fick, to fwooning away; the Vomiting being over, I revived , but it had fiach an effe& upon me, that it made me loofé my Hair, and Nails both of Fingers and Toes, and all the Skin of my whole Body peeled off, trom Head to Foor, whether my good hap was from the ftrength of my Conftitution, or the fimall Dofe of the Medicine, [ leave others to derermine, buc from thefeé bad effe&ts it is manifeft that it is not very faye to be given, no’ not to very {trong Bodies, but outwardly applied it may be of good uf€.
(x. Obfervat. 2. That the Pouder of the Leaves of this is much more effeCtual than the Pouder of the Leaves’of the True in Chap. 348. Seé#. 15. to all the external Intentions and Purpofes there mentioned, and that the Leaves of this ought rather to be chofen than the Leaves of that, =. Sa ‘being applied or
ut into the’ hele of an Iffue, as is there direfted. it isa wonderful thing to fee cae a vatt quanti °
——— Ms i :
Salmon’ ALMION of Humor it will draw away from all parts of. the Body for many days together, doing therein what a Salivation it felf could never be able to perform, an that in the moft deplorable, ftubborn and rebellious Difeafes, indeed it is beyond what Words can fpeak. The Root, alfo of this ufed as a Peflary, is much more effectual than the Root of the True, efpecial-
ly being put into a Fiftula, or part where there is ris callofity , becaufe it {6 admirably diffolves the me.
_ X. Obfervar. 3. That the fecond Kind, or Le, ’ Baltard Black Hellebor, or Smaller Bears-Foot, (from the great Experience whichI have had thereof) is much more violent and churlifh in working, whe- ther by Vomit or Stool, than the True Black Helle- bor defcribed in the former Chapter, you may adven-: ture to give the Infufion of a Dram of, the Root, be-. ing infufed all Night in Pouder in White Wine or Canary, to be drunk the next Morning fafting, f exhibited it powerfully prevails againft all the Dif eafes which the True Hellebor is faid to be good againft, for which reafon there is no need in this place to repeat thofe things again, and the ufe of the pats the om nse at are pn —— ufe- | ul in all outward Cafes for Scabs, old ru res, foul Ulcers, Fiftula’s, 7c. e eri
© .H-A ‘P.s4 COCL.
Of HELLEBOR BLACK Wild.
LP HE Names. It is called in Greek ‘Eaatloess
uiaas dye@-, in Latine Helleborine nigras Helleborus niger SylveRris, and in Englifh Wild Black Hellebor.
Il. The Kinds. There are three Kinds of He//e- borine nigra, viz. 1. Helleborine nigra Sanicule Fo- lia major, Helleborus niger Sanicule Folio major Syl- veftris, Sanicula femina Fuchfij, Aftrantia nigra Gefner1, Ofteritium Montanum Tragt, Imperatoria nigra Tabernamontani, Elleborus niger, vel Vera- trum nigrum Diofcoridis, as Dodoneus thinks, The Greater Wild Black Hellebor, or The Greater Hel- leborine with Sanicle Leaves. 2. El/eborine nigra minor , Helleborus niger Sanicule Folio minor Sylve- firis, The Leffer Sanicle Leav’d Wild Black Helle~ ‘bor, The Leffer Black Helleborine, or Wild Black Hellebor. 3. Helleborine migra Ferulacea, Bupbthal- mum majus Anguillare Clufij, & aliorum, Hellebo- rum nigrum Fenicule Folio, Pfeudobelleborus niger
Matthioli, Fennel Leav’d Wild Black Hellebor,
III. The Defcriptions. Ihe fir/t, or Greater Wild | ftiffer, or more brittle, and feeming to be without any
Black Pead black St re It has i ray) com- ofed of {mall black Strings, fhooting forth from a Hs Wie unto the Root of Bears-Foot; from this head of a Root come forth feveral broad dark green Leaves, each of them growing upon a long Foottftalk, which are cut in on the edges into five divifions for the moft part, and dented about befides, fomething refembling the Leaves of the Common Sanicle, but more truly the Leaves of the Field Ranunculus, or Crowfoot, or Geranium Batrachoides, or Crowfoot Cranes-bill, from among which rife up feveral ilen der, fmoorth, green Stalks, having fome Leaves up on them, and at the tops of them two, or three, or more Flowers together, each of them confifting of many fmall, hard, whitifh Leaves, asa pale border, encompaffing many Threads in the middle, which being fallen, there rife up many flat, whitifh, and
Herbal.
| dea long Seed, fomewhat like unto Steet Fennel Seed, but not altogether fo big, nor fo yellow.
IV. The fecond, or The Leffer Wild Black Helle- bor Sanicle Leav'd. It bax a fmall black fibrous Root, like the former, ftom the head of which rife up feveral fall and fomewhat round Leaves, every one of them upon a long Foorftalk, being nor muck broader than the.Nail of a Mans Thumb, yet divi- ev
on them, mh are, at the tops of them ftand very thi
Seed, fomething like the former, but leflér
by y
y Black ©
N
OZ —- ~— “aN
V. The third, or Fennel Leav’d Wild Blick Hel- lebor. Its Root confifis of many long and blackifp Strings fet together, and proceeding from one heid, very like unto the Leffer Black Hellebor, or Bears- Foot, in Chap. 349. Sett. 4. aforegoing, but harder,
moifture in them, but abide and encreafe every Tear, tho’ the Stalks with green Leaves do Annually perifh: This Kind of Wild Black oy pede forth mang een Stalks, fometimes lying or leaning tothe Fcorndt and fometimes ftanding a little uprig om befet very thick with fmall Leaves, finer and thorter than Fenne/, fome of them ending in a Tuft of like fine green Leaves, and fome having at their one large Flower apiece, fomewhat reddifh or brow! ifh on the outfide while they are in bud, anda while after, which tan confift of twelve or fourteen long and narrow Leaves, of a fair fhining ‘ color, fet in order round about a green He: yellow Thrums in the middle, laying the open in the Sun, or a fair day, bur elfe rer clofe; after the Flower is paft, the Head growi greater, fhews it {lf compact of many round
7d
UC) h ay
Ops
wns
wt (6
Chap. 2 5 Ti: v4
tifh Seed, very like unto the Head of Adonis Flower, but much greater. . re
~ Hills in Germany, and Mountains in Ita/y, on the } Flowers.
A/ps, and Pyrenean Hills; the third grows, as Clu- jis lays, near Vienna in Auftria, and in both the Upper and Lower Aungary ; but they all three grow with us here in England. only in Gardens, where they flourifh very well. bet. - VU. The Times. The two firft flower not in Winter, but in Summer Months, as in May and Fune, and they abide green all th
the third Flowers in Apri/, if the Weather is warm, and its Seed ripens in the Month following.
VIII. The Qualities , Specification, Preparations and Virtues agree exattly with thofe of the True Black Hellebor in Chap. 348. aforegoing, and there- fore need not be repeated again in this place.
’ IX. Obfervat.1. Aftrantia nigra, the firlt of the aforegoing, is doubtlefS no Mafferwort, as the pur- ging faculty does fhew, and it is certain, and feve- ral Experienced Phyficians can teftify, that the Roots hereof do purge Melancholy, and other Humors, and that they have perfe&tly cured Melancholy Mad People therewith; and that it has this Purging Fa- culty, Ge/ner does likewife teftify in a certain Epi- {tle written to Adolphus Occo, in which he fhews that Aftrantia nigra, or Greater Wild Black Helle- bor with Sanicle Leaves, is almoft as ftrong as White Hellebor, and that he himfelf had made Experiment of the Purging Faculty thereof by Stool, which thing befpeaks it to be a Black Hellebor, if not the True of Diofcorides.
. X. Obfervat. 2. Dodonaus fuppofes this Greater Sanicle Leav’d Black Hellebor to be Helleborus verus Diofcoridis , (in which I am of Opinion he was de- ceived) and therefore afcribes all the Virtues of the Trae Black Hellebor which grows in Anticyra to it ;
but in a word, this may be faid of it, that it has
, been found by often and good Experience to open
and Purge the Body of Melancholy Humors, and
that fafely , without fuch perturbation ‘and trouble
= is faid to be in the ufe of the other Black Helle- ors.
CH AP. CECLI.
Of HELLEBOR White, OR, SNEEZE-ROOT.
a ~
L“T° HE Names. It is called in Arabick Charba- chem, in Greek “EaatCoess awxts, in Latine
Helleborus albus, Veratrum album, and Sanguis Her-
culeus, in Englifh White Hellebor, and Sneezeroot.
Il. The Kinds. Ut is twofold, viz. 1. Garden or True, called fimply Helleborus albus, Elleborum album, and Veratrum album, of which in this Chap- ter. 2. Helleborine, vel Elleborine alba, Wild White Hellebor, of which in Chap. 352.
Ill. The Kinds of the Garden or True. Its two- fold, viz. 1. Helleborus albus, Helleborus albus ve- «rus, Helleborus albus vulgaris, Veratrum album vul- 4 Saris, Helleborus Candidus , and Baubinus adds for __ diftin&tion fake Fore fub viridi; and it is certainly
e
a a eS * " wt
=a oo Dare
¥
ralifd Herbs.
the Confiligo Vegetij, Abjyrti,Columella & Plinij, The ee ae a : ates <
Common White Hellebor. . 2. Helleboriss albus pre°
ite cox, Elleborum Flore atro rubente, Veratrum album Epes ee eae purpura nigricante, The early Flowerin
VI. The Places. "The firft and fecond grow upon} White Hellebor, or Early Sneezeroor with dark red
IV. The Defcriptions. The firf?, or Commori White Hellebor. It bas a Root which is great, an reafonable thick at the bead, baving a number of great white Strings; running down deep into the Ground ;
which it is ftrongly faftned, this Plant rifes at
ft out of the Ground with a gteat, round, whitifh green Head, which growing up opens it felf into many goodly, fair, large, green Leaves, plaited ag it were with eminent Ribs all along the Leaves, compaffing one another at the bottom, from the middle whereof rifes up a ftrong round Stalk, with feveral fuch like Leaves, but fmaller, to the middle thereof, from whence to the top it is divided into many Branches, having many {mall yellowifh or whitifh green Star like tower all along upon them, which being paft away tarn into fimall, long, three- fquare, whitifh Seed , ftanding naked, without any
ead or Husk to contain them, tho’ {ome Authors have wrote to the contrary.
V. The fecond, or Early Flowering White Helle- bor. It bas no fuch tuberous beaded Root as the fors mer, but as it were a long bulbous fcaly bead, from whence shoot ax many long white Strings as the other + This Ae//ebor is very like that juit now defcribed, but that it {fprings up a Month ar lealt before it, and that the Leaves are broader, longer, thinner, and no lefS plaited, folding themfelves backwards often- times, and fooner perifh, falling away from the Plant; the Stalk hereof is higher than the other, with fewer Leaves thereon, bearing fuch like Stany Flowers, but of fo dark or blackifh a fed color, that they are {tartely difcernable, bur at a near diftance, after which come {mall Seed, very like the former, both thefe Plants lofe their Leaves wholly, treth
fpringing up again every Yeat. gute Sif VI. The
500
degree, Aperitive, Abfterfiv Cathartick, Emeticls: and _ _ IX. The Specification. White
for curing the Kings Evil, Dropfie, Scurvy
dice, Gout, Sciatica, Rheumatifin, Frenzy, Melan- choly, Madnefs, Falling-SicknefS, old running Sores, Ulcers, and Fiftula’s. all
X. The Preparations. Neither Leaves, Flowers, nor Seed of this Plant have been in ufe at any time, but the Root only, fo far as ever I could learn by Reading of Authors, or ftom the Men; and from the Root the following Preparations may be made. 1. A Pouder of the Root unprepare 2. A Pouder of the Root prepared. 3. The Fu
vatum. 6. Elleborifmus. 7. A Lot fick. 9. A Spirituous Tindure. dure. 11. A Saline Tindure. Tent. 13. A Sternutatory.
The Virtues.
12. A Peffary, or
XI. The Simple Pouder of the Root. It works ve- ry ftrongly and churlifhly with any that fhall take it, provoking ftrong Vomitings, not much inferior to Poyfon, yet being given to very frog Conftitu- tions, and with convenient preparations of the Body before hand , and Dieted by advice, as Diofcorides dire€ts, it may do much good, it caufés an evacua- tion of much tough, vifcous, clammy, and corrupt Humors which offend the Stomach, it provokes Womens Courfes, but is to be forborn by Women with Child, for it will kill the Fetus, it removes a deep Melancholy , even Fury, or Madnefs, abating the peccant Humors, and giving eafe to the Patient, it prevails alfo againft the Falling-Sicknefs, Lethar-
y, Megrim, Cephalza, or old Headach, Scabs, Fech, Tettars, Ringworms, Puthes, Ns Lepro- fie, Scurf, Morphew , or any other deformities of the Skin, Quartan Agues, Phthificks, old Coughs, Dropfies , Jaundice, Sciatica, Gout, Rheumatifm, Vertigo, and other Difeafes of like kind. Dofe from eight Grains to twelve, or fixteen, in sya of Quinces, or Juice of the fame mixed with White Wine; it is not to be given fafting, but a little after eating, and always to robuft and very {trong Bodies, with direftion to drink five, fix, or more Quarts of Poffet-Drink, Water-Gruel, or Mutton Broth in the time of its working, and after Vomiting ftill to drink a hearty draught of Poffet-Drink, &c. thereby to keep the Stomach always full, for by this means it works fo much the eafier; but becaufé of the extra- ordinary danger of it, | fhould never advife the un- skilful or unlearned to give it thus crude and unpre- pared, but rather to make ufe of the following Pre-
c Hellebor is peculiar | mixed
P.
Libih
Salmon’s Herbal.
Sri or Oil Root reduced to Pouder, digefting for ray fn ork the
Dofe from half a Scruple to cids to deftroy .
ev
reCtion of Flowers of Antimony, Vitrwm Antimonij, —
Mercurius Vita, &c. much. more may it ; pofed to bedone in. ble bas Fe ind therefore as Vegetables are more porous and ap
pep Pre of Vieni _ mek mad: |
Praftices of other | if
f > } ian! ‘difpofition of the Mind, it removes Vapors, and a obftru€tions of the Spleen and Hypochonders, reftoring the Imagination and Ree bet {tations and habitudes, ina word, it has all the Virtues of the crude Pouder mentioned in the laft Seftion, and may be given to all thofé purpofés.and intemaiops but with much more fafety,
_XUL If you give it only as Cathartick, you may
ve it thus. Take Fallap, Scammony, of each fix
rains, of this prepared Hellebor from ten. Grains — to me mix them for a Dofe, Or thus. Make — an Infufion of Sena half an Ounce in half a Pint of — White Wine, ftrain out, then add the Poite der of Hellebor from balf a Scruple to balf a Dram, (according to Age and Strength) and let it be taken — in the jy ing, again{t Melancholy,Madnefs, Gout, Sciatica, €c. ye _ XIV. If you defign it for a Vomit , you may give it either per fe in any proper Velricle, ftom fifteen Grains to two Scruples, or you may compound it follows. Take the prepared Pouder of Hellebor a going from half a Scruple to half a Dram, WM Emetick from one Grain to two, mix for a Dofe, t be given in the Morning fafting, with all the pre cautions of a Vomit. ne
XV. Another Prete ctie of the Rooty M thors prepare it by flicing it very thin, or bea into Pouder, and infufing it in juice of Qt (which is faid to be a true corrector. of its quality) for twenty, four Hours, drying of ity <
being thus e. to twenty Grains in any proper Vehicle t purpofes and intentions before fpecified: alfo prepare it by fteeping it he four He Wine Vinegar, it will be pretty well corres fingle Infufion, and may be given from half to halfa Dram, oh: XVI. The Juice of the Root. Ié itis mixed Juice of Quinces, or with Wine. Vinegar, 1¢ m infpiffated, and afterwards given. inwardly to% intentions and purpofes aforefaid. The Liq
1 i
mixed with Flower-and Honey, and fet wt . |
i ‘<
+p ae
like; if
Ear ; mixed with White Wine in equ Skin troubled with Scurf, Morphew, et- tars, Ringworms, Herpes, Scabs, Itch, Freckles, Len- tils, and other like deformities thereof *
_ XVII. Mel Elleboratum.. Honey Helleborated, or impregnated with the Virtues of Hellebor. Take Roots of White Hellebor dryed and cut a Pound, fair
Water fourteen Ounces, digeft three days, then boil) W:
gently till the half be confumed, ftrain it carefull - out, and with clortied toy Sis Baas boil sag to the conjfiftence of Honey. It isa ftrong Medica- ment, and to be given but ina fimall Doft, vz. from one Dram to two, or but three at moft; it is prevalent againft Melancholy, Dotage, Frenzy, Mad- nefs, Gout, Sciatica, henratifin, Who fie, Lethar- Vertigo, Palfie; Apoplexy, Epilepfie, and fuch like defperate di affections 5 you may mix it with clarified Whey , or Deco€tion of Sena, or Epithy-
mim. XVIII. Oxymel Elleboratum. Honey and Vinegar impregnated with Hellebor. Take Leaves of Rue, tops eT ‘yme, Dittany of Crete, tops of Hyffop, Pen- ayroyal, Horehound, Carduus, Roots of Celtick Nard, of each a handful, Calamint two Pugils, Seeds of Anife, Bafil, Dill, Fennel, Roman Nettles, of each zwo Drams, Roots of Angelica, Aron, Squills prepa- ved, Birthwort long, round, and climbing, € ofus. Flowerdeluce , Polypody , Turbith, Limon Peels, of each an Ounce, Strings of Black Hellebor , Spurge Agrick, (added towards the end of the boiling) o each two Drams, Strings of the Roots of White Helle- bor four Drams, all being dryed and bruifed digeft in a Glafs or glazed Veffel clofe ftopt in the beat of the Sun, or of a Furnace, in Pofca, (which is a mixture made of equal parts of Wine Vinegar and Water ) eight Pounds, Rob or Sapa two Ounces, three-days digeftion being paft, boil it gently till it is wafted a little more than half away, firain it, preffing it gently, and to the ftrained Viner add Honey of Rofes, (in which Citron Peels two Ounces have been infufed) a Pound and half, boil to the thicknefs of Honey, and with Cloves, Saffron, Ginger, Galangal, Mace, fost a Dram, aromatize it according to Art. \t is Emetick, and ought to be given after other general Remedies, being then profitable againft Madnefs, Frenzy, Epi- ; lepfie, Apoplexy , Convulfions, Melancholy, Verti- o, Lethargy, Megrim, obftru€tions of the Stomach, . iver, Spleen, Mefentery, Reins, and Womb, it . provokes Urine and the Courfes, and is prevalent againft Agues. Dofe four or fix Drams to an Ounce h” in a Glafs of White Wine. h XIX. Another Oxymel Helleboratum. Take Strings of Black Hellebor well bruifed half an Ounce,
each three Pints and half, Winters Cinnamon, Fa-
maica Pepper, both in Pouder, of each two Ounces, mix, digest in a Glafs Veffel in a gentle Sand beat
for four days, then boil gently in Balneo till almoft
half is wafted away, firain out, and to the Liquor add clarified Honey three Pounds, Cremor Tartar in fine
Pouder one Pound , boil to the confiftence of Honey, being cold add Chymical Oil of Limons one Ounce, mix
Gnats, 7c. come, it kills them upon the fpot; mix- ed with Crumbs of Bread, Cheefé, and Butter, and fet in popes places, it kills Rats, Mice, and the ens, Ducks, or Geefe fhould chance to eat
it, it would quickly kill them; being made up into a Mafs with Meal and Butter, and put into Mole Holes, or their Burrows, it will quickly deftroy them: The Liquid Juice dropt into the Ears takes away the noife and finging in them, and kills Worms in that Organ, if any be, which is known by their extraordinary itching, and fometimes by a pain in the quantities it
is good. to cleanfé the Hands, or other parts a the
Strings of White Hellebor well bruifed an Ounce, Wine Vinegar , Fuice of Quinces , Parfly Water, of
well, and keep it in a Veffel clofe ftopt for ufe. This
, tion has not the tenth part of the trouble and difficulty of the former, yet is double in its effects and operations, having all the Virtues afcribed to the former; you may give it from half an Ounce to an Ounce, or more, according to Age and Strength.
XX. Elleborifmus, ot an Ele&tuary of White Hel* lebor. Take White HeHebor Root cut thin one Pound, Spring Water twelve Pounds, digeft warm three whole idee, then boil to the Seder sag? of the balf, ftrain out, preffing it ftrongly, adding Honey three Pounds, {boil i again to the confiftence of Honey, this Klectu~ lary put into a ne or glazed Veffel and keep it for ‘ufe.' This is no Ele€&tuary, but rather a Lohochs. 'it cures Melancholy, Frenzy, and MadnefS, and is. - appropriated to all the Difeafes the two former Pre- eee are applied to; it may be given from two
to four, or more, in a Glaf$ of White Port
ine. ; aseh ) XXL The Lotion. The Root very thinly flcrd,, or in grofs Pouder boiled in Vinegar , or in Fuice of Quinces, or in.an equal mixture of both, makes an excellent Gargle for a Canker in the Mouth, as alfo to eafe the pains of the Toothach, it is alfo good againft Tanning of the Skin, a yellownefs of the Skin, Scurf; Morphew , Scabs, Itch, Lepro- fie, Freckles, Lentils, and other like defcedations of the Cutis; it alfo cleanfes and drys old running Sores, foul Ulcers, callous Fiftula’s, and the like, in the Legs, Thighs, Feet, Arms, Hands, &c. and is alfo of good ufe againft Kings-Evil Sores; if it is boiled’ in Tye made of Pot Afhes it kills Lice in the Head,
Needle and Thread'and wet them therein, and draw it thro” a Frog, or Chicken, and if it die prefently it is good and ready, if not, you muft ferment it for fome little time longer, till it will upon tryal ex- quifitely perform that Work. This is the Poyfon the Spaniards ufe in poyfoning their Arrow heads, they dip their Arrow heads therein, and then what Beaft foever fhall be Wounded therewith fhall fad- denly die. This thing Maetthiolws fays he tried on Dogs and on Chickens, which died prefently after they were Wounded. This Poyfon is only ufed while. it is frefh, for if the juice drys upon the Arrow head it lofes its ftrength, and therefore to keep them the better they ufe to keep them ina Cafe, the Iron heads being wrapped in Wool, and Cloths dipt there- in. But this is very admirable, as it is related, that this Poyfon being drank gives almoft no harm to them that drink it, unlefS they take too much; and it is faid that Hunters often take it themfelves, to
urge them from evil Humors, and preferve their
ealths. This is alfo remarkable, that the Flefh of thofe Beafts killed by this Poyfon is not in the leaft hurtful, but is more tender and pleafant in eating than the Flefh of other Beafts not killed therewith, more efpecially that part about the Wound.
XXII. The Spirituous Tinfure. It ought to be corretted with Vinegar , or Fuice of Quinces, added in equal quantity after the Tintlure is made, and kept in Digeftion in a gentle Sand heat for one sete
AnO7F
502
Salmon’s: H-abal.
La
LL Month or more. Being - thus: peeparel, it may be} XXX. An Odbfervation. That the Black. and
Fiven inwardly for all thofe Difeafes the Pouder it felt is good for; ir works much gentler, and may be given from half a Dram to two, three or four Jraims; mixt with any convenient Vehicle, as fharp Wine mixt witch Water, &¢. Outwardly, it is good againlt Freckles, Lentils, Pimples, Scurft Morphew, and other Breakings out in the Skin.
SXIV, The Oily Tintture. Ic is good againft Coniractures of the Nerves, Pains of the Joints, Gout, Sciatica, €c. being anointed upon the Parts afflifted Morning and Night for fome time.. A- \Rointed upon the Reins, it gives Eafe in Pains of the Back, proceeding either from Weaknefs or Ob- ftructions of thofe Parts. It digefts and haftens the
_ Maturation of Tumors which Nature determines to
teak.
pay ie mane SBE isa ae agai curfk, Morphew, Dropfy, nti Puthes, Pimples, yeas Rig wore: Kingsenil Sores, -Pocky-eruptions, Herpes, Itch, Scabbinefs, Freckles, Lentils, Yellownef$ and other Viees of the Skin. It may be ufed either fimply of it felf} or mixt with Vinegar, fharp Wine or Water, accord-
.
ing to the Nature and Condition of the Part to.
which it is applied. It alfo eafes the Gout and Sci- atica, being bathed hot upon the Parts aftetted Morning and Night for fome time. ' XXVI. The Peffary or Tent. Being put into a- 3 Callous Fiftula, or up the Womb, where the agina is Callous, it foftens and refolves the Callofi- Y mundifies the Fiftula or Ulcer, and takes away the Callous Matter which hinders Curation ; after which the Ulcer may be healed with fome incarna- tive Balfam or Ointment fit for the purpofe. I have been told, that if it is put up the Womb as a
White Hellebors much fympathize together, wich relation to their Virtues ; and what the one will do, the other will do alfo; but the latter much more powerfully, and with far greater Violence, infomuch that by reafon of its Violence, and dangerous Ufe, the Internal Pra&tice with the Root of White Helje- bor uncorrefted, is wholly almoft given over, and left off :- otherwife, as to the Virtues and feveral Preparations of the True black Hellebor in Chap. 348. aforegoing, the fame things in a manner may ‘be faid of the L7ue White, with Advantage,
CHAP. CCCLIL. Of HELLEBOR White Wild
LP HE Names. Te is called in Greek, ‘Enastogse
asunds dye@- + in Latin, Helleborus albus fyl-
veftris, Elleborine alba agreftis ; and in Engiifh, .
Wild White Hellebor. ie Il. The Kinds. 1. El/eborine recentiorum Clufii; Elleborine alba major, Calceolws marie, Calceolus Ma- rianus ; Elleborine ferruginca Lugdunenfis, Dales champij ; Alifmatis Species Gefneri & Thalij, Da- mafonium nothum, and Pfeudodamafonium aliorum; The great wild white Hellebor, called: alfo Ladies Slipper. 2. El/eborine minor flore albo, Elleborine alba minor , Alif{ma, Damafonium, and Epipailis a- liorum , The \effer wild white Hellebor with a white Flower. 3. EW/eborine alba minor purpurante
Peflary, it provokes the Terms, and brings away | fore, The leffer wild white Hellebor with blufh
the dead Child ; but it ought to be ufed with Cau- tion and good Advice.
Flowers. 4. Ev/eborine alba flore Viridante, Wild white Hellebor with whitifh-green Flowers. 5. E/-
. XXVIL The Sternutatory. 1. Some make it of | “borine alba Americana, American wild white Hel-
the fine Pouder or Flower of the Root alone; but fo ufed, it is much too ftrong. 2. Some make it thus: Bk fine Flower or Pouder of White Hellebor Roots, Pouder of Refemary, of Sweet Marjoram, and of Winter Savory, of each equal parts ; mix them. 3. Some make it thus: Be fine Pouder of Tobacco, or rather of Tobacco Stalks, three Ounces; Pouder of Rofemary klowers an Ounce and half, Pouder of Cloves oue Ounce ; fine Pouder of White Hellebor- Root fix Drams , mix and keep them for Ufe. Being fnuft up. the Noftrils, ic caufes much Sneezing, and eva- cuates the Head and Brain of cold, moift, vifcous Humors and Feculencies, and is very good againft Vertigo’s, Megrims, Head-aches, Lethargies, Apo-
lexies, Falling-ficknefS, and other cold and moift Difeats of thofe Parts.
XXXVI. Conradus his Vomit. Take Roots of White Hellebor one Ounce, wafb,dry and pouder them , Roots of Bryony and Sowbread in pouder, of each two Drams , add Spirit of Wine fo much as to overtop them two Inches or more: digeft in Balneo for twen- ty four hours, then diftil by an Alembick, take out the Faces, beat them, and add the Spirit drawn off : digeft aWeek ina clofe Veffel, then decant the clear, Jitter and keep it for Ufe. Dip a Feather in it, and put it into a Glaf$ of Sack, and drink it; repeating it as you fee occafion.
XXIK. Heurnius his Vomiting-Wine. Take grofs Pouder of White Hellebor Roots a Scruple ; Ca- nary one Pint : mix, and infufe in the Sun for a Week. One Spoontul of it will Vomit; but half a Spoonful, with other Laxatives, will purge down- wards, and evacuate cold, vifcous, flimy and griping
Tumors out of the Bowels, Hypochonders and arts adjacent. .
lebor.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Great wild white Hellebor, or Ladies Slipper. It has a Root compofed of a number of Strings, interlacing them-
Selves one within another, lying within the upper
Cruft of the Earth, and not fpreading deep, of adark brownifh color, This Root fends up one, two, of more Stalks, a Foot and half high, bearing broad diy Leaves on each fide, one by one, fomewhat
ike thofe of the Vulgar true white Hellebor, but
fmaller, and not fo ribbed, and each compafling the Stalk at the lower end. At the top of the Stalks” ftands fometimes but one Flower, @nd fometimes” two, or but three at moft, one above another, upon
{mall fhort Foot-ftalks, with a fimall Leaf at the —
foot cf every one. Each of thefe Flowers are ofa
long oval Form, and hollow withal, pea at ing
the upper part, the lower being round, and fwellin; like a Belly : at the hollow part there are pieces”
coe like Ears or Flippets, which at firft do cover that hollow place, and afterwards ftand apart one from
another, all which are of a fine pale yellow colori ~~
moft Plants; but fome have been found of a browi-
er color, as tending to purple. There are alfo four) long, narrow and dark colored Leaves, at the lee)
ting on of the Flower upon the Stalk, wherein 1 Flower, as it were, at the firft was enclofed. ‘The whole Flower is of a pretty {weet Smell: the Seed) is very fmnall, and like unto that of the Orchide Dag: ones, and is contained in the like’ kin
ods. a
IV. The fecond, or Leffler wild white Helle with a white Flower. It bas Roots like the for
‘ t
Chap. 348. Bagh Horks.
ats
manner, and not much lower, bearing the like was found in the Woods by Digwe/-Paitures, halt a Leaves, but fmaller, and of a white green color, | Mile from We/wer in Hertford/bire , it grows alfo
much like thofe of Li//y Convally. The top of the] in'a Wood five Miles from Le
Stalk has many more Flowers, but leflér, growi
together Spike-fathion, with fimall fhort fest the Stalk of each Flower, which confifts of five fall white Leaves, with a {mall clofe Hood in the mide, without any Smell, and having alfo like
V. The third, or Small wild white Hellebor with blufh Flowers. The Roots, Stalk, Leaves, Flowers and Seed, as alfo its Manner of Growing, are all much like the /aft ; but herein this differs from that, that the Leaves hereof are narrower than thofe, and Pee au — pocese pg preteen in this
ing of a pale purplifh or blufh color, with very fall dufty Seed.
VI. The fourth, or Wild white Hellebor with
whitith green Flowers. ‘This is a one of the {mail| pa,
ondon, néat a Bridge’ called Lock-bridge ; and by Robin Fiood’s Well, in the Woods by Danmore in Effex , by Southficet in Kent, in a little Grove of Fairer, and ina Wood
by Care in Effex. Apa. mtivak kmh -
IX. The Times. The firlt flowers about the mid- dle of Fume; the other four in the Month of May, and if the Weather proves cold, in the beginning ot Fune : fome earlier and fome later than others, ac- cording to the RichnefS of the Soil, and Warmth of the Situation; and perfett their Seed ih da-
S4fi. he es
X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of thefe, are the very fame with thofe of the True black and True white Hellebors in Chap.348. and Chap. 351. aforegoing, tho” poffibly not full out fo ftrong, and therefore the more fit, and the rather to be chofen for the more vulgar Ufe.
XI. Az Obfervation. The fecond of thefe is fup- pofed to be the Epipattis of Diofcorides , but if €i- ther that or any of the two following be it, he fays it is i againft the Diftermpers of the Liver, and againit Poifon, and to procure Vomiting, which Theophraftus a\fo affiris : and Gerard fays, that thé Deco&tion of Wild white Hellebor being drunk, o-
s the Obftruétions of the Liver, and helps any mperfections of the fame. This is certain, That, the Juice, or.a very ftrong Deco&tion of any ot them is good to wafh and bathe the Skin withal; inorder to the taking away of Scurft, Morpliew, Seabs, Itch, Leprofy, Hetpés, Pimples, Freckles, Len- tils, Yellownefs of the Skin, or any other Detedati- on thereof:
CHA P. CCCLIUL.
of HELMET-FLOWER; AR MONKS--HOOD. IP HE Names. It may be calle¢ in Greek;
Oder: iti Latin, Napellws, Thora, and Cap- alfo Capa Monathi, and Luparia : in Exglijh,
kinds of the. Wild white, and differs not much from| Helmet-flowér and Monks-hood.
the laft, either in its Root, Stalk, Leaves, Flowers or Seed, but only in the Color of its Flower , for whereas that was of a blufh color, this is greenifh- colored on the outfide, and of a whitifh color with- in, with like {mall Seed.
VII. The fifth, or American wild white Hellebor. This is a Species of the firft Great kind of Wild white Hellebor, or Ladies Slipper; which fort has been brought to us from the Northern parts of A- mee and differs in this only, That it is greater in 1ts low, but white, with reddifh Strakes thro’ their Bellies.
VII. The Places. The firft four Fi not only mares Sea, as in Germany, Auftria,
© are found Wild in many places of England. The fourth particularly in a Wood called the Ae/ks in Lancafhire, near the Borders of York/hire. The fifth ab in the Northern parts of America, as New-England, New-York; Maryland, The fecond
‘ungaria;, but} M
Il. The Kinds. It is a Species, or of. the Stock of the Aconita or Woifs-bane ; and is manifold ; bur thofe which we {fhall take notice of, are. only the three following, viz. 1. Napellus Verus, (Verus is added becaufe it is the True Napel/ié of the Anci- ents, which they fo termed from the Form of a long Turnep, called Napus in Latin: ) APPA & Cappa Monachi, The true Helmet-fower; or Monks-hood. 2. Napellus minor, Lycottoium caruleum parvum facie Napelli Lobelij, Thora Italica Gefneri & Bau-
Leaves and Flowers, which are not yel-|bini, Aconitum Lycottonum tertium ceruleum par-
vun Dodonai, Aconitum decimum Clufij, The fmalt blew Helmet-tlower, or Monks-hood. 3. Napellus tertiws Baubini, Napellus purpurem , Aconitum
neubergenfe Clufij, The purple Helmet-flower, or onks-hood. : ;
III. The Deferiptions. The fir/t; or True Helmet- flower, 07 Monks-hood : its Roots are brotenifh on the outfide, and white within, fomewbat big, and round above; and fmall downwards, fomething like
io
504 10 a Jmall Carrot Root, or not much unlike to a long Turnep ; and fometimes two of them are joined at the Head together. This Root fends forth divers Leaves of a fre(h green color on the upper fide, and grey underneath, much fpread abroad, and cut into many Slices and Norches, more than any of the Wolfs-
befet to the top with the like Leaves, but fi
The top is fometimes divided into two or three Branches, but more ufually without, on which ftand many large Flowers, one above another, in Form very like unto a Hood or open Helmet, being compofed of five Leaves, the uppermoft of which, and the greateft below is like unto an Helmet or Head-piece ; two other fmall Leaves are at the fides of the Helmet, clofing it like Cheeks, and come fomewhat under; and two others, which are the fmalleft, hang down like Labels, or as if a clofe Helmet was opened, and fome pieces hung by, of a - perfect or fair blew color, ( but grow darker, having itood long) which caufes it to be nurfed up in Gar- dens, that their Flowers, as was ufual in former Times, and yet is in many Country Places, may be laid up among green Herbs in Windows, and put in
Pots to ftand in Chimneys, in the Summer time. }
But tho’ they may be thus entertained for their Beau- ty, and put to the Ufes aforefaid, yet you muft be- ware that they come not near your Tongue or Lips, left they difcover, to your Colt and Peril, their vi- rulent, poifonous and dangerous Qualities. In the middle of the Flower, when it is open, and gapes wide, are feen certain fall Threads, like Beards, {tanding about a middle Head ; which, when the Flower is. paft, grows into three or four or more res blackifh Pods, containing black Seed within them.
Helmet-Flower.
TEFL SE
c ~ (j me IN ~<A ESN
1V. The fecond, or Small blew Helmet-flower, bas a kind of round bulbous Root, big below, and {mall above, and encreafes thereby, giving fuch like Roots, with fmaller Fibres thereat than at the sate n Sta two or three Feet high, whereon grow {everal dark,
Roots. From this Root rifes up a round
Salmon’s\
.
ve ith ncediemin but that thefe ate not fo finely divi- ded, and top banes. The Stalk rif two or three Feet high, | €s, : net efet Se ieee she Uke Sg (tho’ feldom) two or three, of a very: fair deep e| blewifh purple color, very like in Form unto the former He/met-flower, but that this is fmaller, and the Creft of the Helmet rifes higher than in that, after which come fmall Pods, much like to the o- » ther, giving alfo fuch like Seed.
Roots much like to the firft, or True kind : it has larger Leaves than the other; of a fadder green co- lor, and fhining : fame manner: the Stalk alfo grows very high, and
the in their places, not much differing from the for mer. f,
Hlrbal.
fhining Leaves, cut into five Partitions ver each of them fomewhat cut in on the edges, e unto the Leaves of the Greater or ‘True
eepl
2
nd the Divifions are fomewhat broader. ‘The of the Stalk is divided into two or three Branch- each whereof bears one Flower, and fometimes
V. The third, or Purple ‘Helmet-flower. It has
withal, incifed or cut in after the often fpreads it felf out into feveral Branches, bear-
\
ing large purple blew Flowers, in longer Spikes thau ; which being paffed away, like comes
is manifeft from that accidental Tryal had theteot
at Antwerp, at a Treat there, where certain igf0-
rant Perfons gathering of a Sallet in the Garden, a’
mong the Variety of Herbs, gathered alfo _— ely e
Helmet-flower (2s alfo Wolfs-bane ) is a peculiar thing to kill Lice ragnee
running Ulcers, take away dead Flefh, ( rovided thefe Sores, Ulcers, &c. be not in-the Nigel ft Pr : wre
alfo ae m Yoo meh ig
> A Ponder of the Herbor’ — Juice, §
j
Herb or Root. Leaves or Seed. 5. A diftilled Water:
‘ The Virtues.
XL The Fuice: It is a deadly Poifor taxer i | ‘wardly any. way: it is alfo as deadly to"! Dogs or other-Creatures who fhall take there eat in any: manner. of ways of the Herb or ho The Juice of the Roots efpecially Hunters.or ¥¥! Beafts do ufe, dipping the Heads of’ their Arte into the-fame; by which means they quickly ’*
Chap. 354. Exghifh Herbs. 505 i againft other Poifons, but chiefly againft that df
apellus or Helmet-fower, and Poifon of the Ta- rantula, Xt is thas made: Take Ariftolochia longa, fine Bole, each in fine poider, a Dram , Hies which feed upon the Napellus mimber twenty: make a fine Pouder, and mix them: Dofe a Dram at a time int a Glafs of Wine. Guainerius his Antidote is this: Take Bay-berries, Terra Lemnia, both in fine pouder, Mitbridate, of each two Ounces 5 Flies which have fed upon Napellus number twenty four in pouder: mix them, and with a Sufficient quantity of Honey and Oil, make an Eleftuary. Dofe from a Dram to two Drams at a time, with a GlafS of generous Wine. But the true Antidote againft this Poifon is the Azthora or Antirbora in the Chapter following, of which we thall there {peak more ys
Beaft which is wounded with the fame: yet it is certain, that the Flefh of the Beaft fo killed is nor at all poifonous, but very fafe, and eats more ten- der than if it had been otherwife killed, more efpe- cially if it be kept for a Day and Night.
XII. The Pouder of the Herb or Root. Mixt with Cheefé or Bacon-fat, and put in proper places for Rats and Mice, it kills them, if they eat it. Mixt with Pouder. of Liquorice, and ftrewed upon foul filthy Ulcers, it cleanfes them, drys in fome mea- fure, (if skilfully applied) and difpofes them for healing, which may afterwards with proper Incarna- tives and Ulceratives, be perfected.
XIII. The Oil or Ointment of thé hot or green
ermine, if the
be anointed therewith, it quickly kills them, and frees the Patient from the fame. XIV. The Decottion or Lye of the Roots, Leaves or Seed. If it is a fimple Deco€tion, it is then made in fimple fair Water only : but if it is a Lye, it is made in a finall Lixivium of Pot-afhes. It cleanfes the Head and other Parts from Morphew, Scurff, Dandriff, Scabs, Itch, Pimples, Tettars, cay Wns
CHAP. CCCLIV. Of HELMET-FLOWER Alexi
Leprofy, and other like Breakings out, the Parts af- pharmick ; fefted being bathed therewith. . . XV. The diftilled Water. Being dropped into OR,
the Eyes, it takes away the Inflammation or Red- nefS in them ; alfo clears them from any Haw, or Pin and Web, growing in or upon them. The fame thing is faid of the Trike ; but I fear it is dange- rous, and if it is ufed to the Eyes, it muft be done with much Caution, and by fuch as have Judgment and Skill, and not by Fools. It onght to be mixt with a fufficient quantity of Damask-Rofe Water, both to allay its Heat, and to take off the Violence
of its Operation. . XVI. ToCure fuch as are Poifoned herewith. The firft thing you are to do, is to give an Emetick, as two, three, four, five or fix Grains of Emetick Tar- tar ; from half an Ounce to an Ounce or Ounce and half of Infufion of Crocus Metallorum, ox Vinum Beneditium, or Vinum Antimoniale, or a Dofe of a- ny other proper Emetick which you have at hand, portant the Dofe according to Age and trength. The next thing you are to do, is to ex- hibit Cathartick Cphes ; or this following, if the Patient is weak: ‘Take Poffet-drink or Mutton-broth a Pint, brown Sugar four Ounces: mix, melt or dif- folve, and exbibit it warm. This is to be done, that the Body be effeftually, and as foon as may be, dif- charged of the Poifon : which being performed, Cordials and Antidotes are to be given, the one to defend the Heart, preferve and keep up the Vital and Animal Spirits; the other to enervate and de- {troy the force and power of the Poifon; for the firft of thefe, we commend our Agua Bezoartica, Tiniu- ra Bezoartica, or fome other like Cordial Water, Spirit or Tin€ture, to be mixt and given with fome noble and generous Wine. The Antidotes we com- mend in this Cafe, are, Mithridate, Venice Treacle, the Antidote in our Phy/axa or for want of them, to drink @ Decottion in Wine of Origanum, Penny- royal, Savory, Sage, Southernwood, Wormwood, Gen- tian, Winters Cinnamon , Eleéf. Diateffaron is good, fo alfo is a mixture of Cafloreum, Pepper, Cubchs and Rue, of each a like P emaig being in fine Pou- der, and mixt up with Honey into a Bolus. Petrus Aponenfis commends a Dram or two of Terra Lem-| I]. The Kinds. Itisa fingular Plant of the Kind, mia to be taken in warm Drink or Wine ; but above | and is’called by the Piemontoife, Anthora, quafi An- all he fays, that Ariftolochia longa is the moft efpe-| tithora, that is, the Remedy againft the Poifonful cial Antidote or a ype gee all Aconites. Avi-| Herb Thora: Avicenna, the Arabian calls it Na- cen has an Antidote againit this Poifon, which is| pe//us Moyjis in Jib. 2. cap. s00. and in cap. 745. made of the Fly which feeds upon this Poifonous] ¢alls it Zedoaria, by which it is manifeft that this Plant, which he found to be very effe€tual, not on-} Zedoaria Avicenne is oe our Common Zedoarig i
tt Zerumbes
MON KS«HOOD Antidotal.
ag HE Names. It is called in Greek, Avnadces :
in Latin, Antipbthora ox Antitbora, but moft commonly, for Shortnefs fake, Anthora, (as being the fite or Antidote to 0oe, Helmet-flower or Woy eae :) in Englifh, Helmet-flower Alexipbar« mick.
~ Zerumbeth of the Shops: it is alfo called Aconitum
ib. 1, of thofe Difeafes, caufing them orderly to come forth : you may give from one Dram totwo Drams, (according to Age and Strength ) in any proper Ve- hicle. It defends the Heart, and ftrengthens the Spirits as a moft Soveraign Cordial.
XIL. The Acid Tinfure. It has the Virtues of the Root, eee and $ ints ae pen it is more effe€tual than any of them agai gue or Peftilence, and all forts of Malign or Peftilential Difeafes, as alfo againft all malign and burning Fe- vers, deltroying the ers and ex i the burning Heat of the Difeate. It is alfo a- gainft the Venom and Poifon of Mad Dogs, Ser.
nts of all kinds, as Viper, Rattle-fh lows oe €%c. and the Stinging of Scobie tigi, Wafps, Bees, 6c. Let the Patient take it in all that they a fo many Drops at a time as ma make the Vehicle pleafant, and continuing the Ufe of it for fome days. The Figure which we have given you in this place, is from Matthiolus his E- pitome. :
506 Salmon’s Herbal.
Clutiferum, Napellus Alexipbarmicus, and Antora. ra and Anthora, or Tura and Anturd, feem to new Words, and yet they are ufed in Marcellus
Empiricus, an old Writer who teaches us a Medi- cine to be made of Tura and Antura againft the Pin and Web in the Eyes. °
IIL. The Defeription. The Roots hereof are fmall and tuberous, round, and fomewhat long, ending fer the moft part in a long Fibre, and with fome other Small Threads from the Head downwards: from the Head whereof rife up feveral green Leaves, every one feverally upon a Stalk, which Leaves are vey See divided, as finely almoft as the Leaves of Larks heells or Larks-{purs : among which rifes up a hard round Stalk, a Foot or more high, with fome fuch Leaves thereon as prow below ; at the top of which ftand many finall yellowifh Flowers, formed very like unto the Whitifh Wolfs-bane ; beat- | ing many black Seeds in Pods afterwards in like manner.
———
IV. The Places. It grows on the Alps, and on Lag CHAP. CCCLYV.
Mountains and Hills near the Lake Lemane, and in fome places in Germany : with us it is nurfed up on- ly in Gardens.
V. The Times. It flowers at the latter end of June, thro’ all Fuly, alfo in Auguff, and the Seed is yg in Auguft and oe
. The Qualities. \t is hot and dry in the third Degree; and is Cardiack, Emetick, Cathartick and Alexipharmick.
The Specification. Its chief Defignation is for the enervating or deftroying and expelling of Poyfons of all forts, chieHy. thofe of Mokect frets or Monks-hood, Wolfs-bane and Leopards-bane.
VIM. The Preparations. You may have thete- from, 1. A Pouder of the Root. 2. A Decottion thereof in Wine. 3. A Spirituous Tindure. 4, An Acid Tinéture.
Of HEMLOCK Common.
LP’ HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Suca- L ram: in Greek, Keévecv, mag mo xwvdr, @ cit cum ipineel quod Vertiginem, & imaginem carum rerum afpiciuntur, tanquam circumagantur ac in tenebras fc ne ijs qua cam biberunt : in Latine, Cicuta, and in Englfh, Hemlock, -
Il. The Kinds. There are three p kinds, viz. 1. Cicuta vulgaris, The Common Hemlock, 2. Cicuta minor, Cicuta fatua, Cicuta Apijfolia, The leffer or Parfley-leav’d ock, in Cap. 356. 3. Cicuta paluftris, Cicuta aquatica, Water or Marlh The Virtuds. Hemlock, in Cap. 357. following.
IX. The Pouder of the Root. Hugo Solerius fays, that it will purge the Body vey ftrongly of vicious and watery Humours, both by Vomit and Stool, the quantity of a Bean being taken in Broth or Wine. And by reafon of the exceeding Bitternef$ of the Root, it kills all forts of Worms in the Body. Guainerius fays, that by his own Experience and Sight, he found it to be as effeCtual as Diflamnus unto all the Purpofes unto which that ferves. The Pouder of the Root taken in Wine, (from halfa Dram to a Dram) is a fpeedy and — Remedy againft the Wind-Colick, which the Savoyards about Diam (where it grows in great plenty) familiarly ufe with great Succef$, and call it the Wind-Colick Herb. This fame Root alfo ufed inwardly, is not only the chief and principal Antidote or Remedy a- gainft the Poifon of Monks-bood or Helmet-flower, and Wolfs-bane,but alfo of Leopards-bane,or any other Poifonous Herb whatfoever, being given firft and laft Morning and Night.
X. The Decottion in Wine. It has all the former Virtues, but not full out fo efficacious as the Root
in Subftance. If you fo pleafe, the Pouder of the Root may be given in this Vehicle for the fame Purpofes.
I. The Spirituous Tinfure. It has the Virtues of the Pouder and Decoétion; befides which, it is good againft Surfeits, the Meafles and Small-Pox ; for by gently provoking Sweat, it expels the Malig- nity to the Surface of the Skin, and fo defends the Heart and Vital Spirits ftom the Poifon and Force
——
Ill. The Common Kinds, Of ‘this. there are two feveral forts, viz. 1. Keévevev noir, Cicutia vulgaris, Cicuta major, (by almoft all Writers); Gewtaria
Clufij, Our Common Hemlock., 2. Kévesov séyay
phesov, Cickta magna, vel maxima, Cicutersa latifolia fina, Gicutarh Brincionis by Label
Seditiffima,. Gicutaria maxima
y Cicutaria Myrrbis Thalij ; Sefeli Peloponefe Matthi: sdunenjis, which Lobel contra-
oli, Gefnert-and Lug
ICtS 5
to be made of it.
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common Hemlock, has a Root which # long, white, and fome- times crooked, and hollow within : from the Head of which Root it grows up with a hollow green Stalk, : Feet high or vat Tai of red a
ometimes, and having at the Joints very large . fer againkt another, dented a- bout the edges, of a fad eee color, branched to- is full of Umbles of white
ed away, give white, flat-
three or four winged Leaves, one
wards the top, where it Flowers ; which being pafie
long Seed. The whole Plant and every tro offend-
ti has a ftrong, heady, ill-conditioned Smell, ing the Senfes.
LS Z ) re iby) SAIN \ x Me LN ALYY SAY RWW Ne VY) — \ Fa hy Naty / BINS WH e/a <2 SOI, SQ W TS Adi, = S p ~ ‘< <3 E Yi Vas Wise SS) LUNI) ha er SY Se A Nai 7 EAL TS, a W, Z AY ay Bie S }
VA\ N \ vil Nie), WS ; GEO Qi Se asi hee BNAGIEN AN SNES SF Hj AND < GA SUN IN 7 Nap CAN MNS Cis SAN f (; Se Sy VAAN WEA Ae URN, jae , Wb ip N | H. C771 Z, ack. iv, Aedtest
V. The fecond, or Great or greateft Hemlock. Ir bas a Root which x very great and white, growing as well deep into the Ground, as fpreading many
reat Branches therein, which fometimes dies after it as given Seed, and fometimes not, abiding all Win- ter in fome Seafons, and in fome Places. This Hem- Jock has much larger winged Leaves than the for- mer, thicker fet, more {pread, and of afadder green color, having a Smell which Lobe/ calls Feridiffima : yet Parkinfon fays, that tho’ he had it growing ma- Years in his Garden, he never found any offen-
e Smell it had. The Stalk is great, but rifes not fet sol the Common fort does , but bears as large Umbles of white Flowers ; where, afterwards grow fe and thick white crooked 5 Of no evil
|S
or greateft Hemlock. That this is a Hemlock, and no Sefeli or Hartwort, no doubt is
ak
VI. The Places... The firft grows in all Countries pneonemote fine by Walls and Hedge-fides, and in waite Grounds and untilled Places, as alfo in Gardens of a fat and rich Soil. The fecond I have found in moift and fertil. Medows abounding with other Weeds near their Borders, but grows with us moftly in Gardens, where it is generally weeded out. Beg : ; VI. The Times. They, both flower in Fw/y and Axuguft, and feed in Auguft and September. sii The. Qualities. ~ Hemlock is cold in the fourth Degree, and dry in the fecond, Repercuflive, Anodyne, Aftringent, Arthritick and Venetick. 1X, The Specification. \t is chiefly of External Ufe, for the Cure of the Gout, Scirrhus Tamots, Eryfipelas, Inflammations, Wheals, Pofhes, creep-
Oe The Preparation’. You may have therefiom,
1. A liquid Fuice. 2. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. 3. A Cataplafm of the Root. 4. AVenefick. 5. An Emplafter.
The Virtuts.
XL The liquid Fuice. It is applied outwardly
‘to the Tefticles of fuch as have Venereous Dreams;
or the like, to fupprefS them: alfo to Maidens and Womens Breafts, to reprefS their Swellings, and re- pel their Milk: yet by reafon thofe places are fo rincipal,. aiid full of Vital Spirits, it fomietimes ppens that the Remedy is worfe than the Dileafe. It may fafely be sper to an InHammation, an Eryfi Pains of the Gout, arifing trom hot or fiery Humors; and to Wheals, Puthes and creeping Ulcers, accorhpanied with a hot and fharp Matter, for by cooling and tepelling the Heat, it puts a ftop to the Humor. | 2 ares XE. The Caraplafin of the Leaves. A Cataplafin being made of the raw Leaves by only bruifing, and fo laid to the Brows and Forehead, is good to ftop Defluxions of Rheums falling into fwoln and red Eyes, fo as quickly to eafé the Pain, and take away the Swelling and RednefS. And being applied with a mixture of Bay Salt in fine pouder to the Wrilt, (renewing it twice a day for three or four days) it takes away a Pin and Web growing in‘the Eye; but it ought to be applied (as they fay ) to the coii- trary Wrilt. Applied in Pains of the téte, it eafes them. «:. : XII. The pra of the Root. It is to be roafted under the Embers, wrapped in double wet
-Papets, until it becomes foft and tender ; then to
be beaten ina Mortar toa Pulp; and applied: it revails admirably againft. the Gout in Hands or
Fingers, as alfo in othér Parts, quickly eafing the
Pain.
XIV. The Venefick: The Juice mixed with Wine, if it is givén to any one} is prefent Death, as Tra- gus fays. And this poflibly might be the Venefick which the Athenians adjudged the Wife Socrates to die by, for nor thinking refpectfully of their Gods, or rather Devils; being accufed by Ari/tus and Me- litus: The Cure: Wt any one lias taken the Juice of Hemlock, or this Venefick, or by mifchance has eaten this Herb inftead of Parfley, or its Root in- ftead of Parfneps, which caufes a Frenfy, or Pertur- bation of the Senfes, as if ftupified or drunk : the firft thing I fay in this Café which is to be done, ¢ if it is foon enough») is to give the Patient a Vomit of Vinum Benedittum, Vinum Antimoniale, ox Tartar Emetick: which being effe&ted, a good Draught of Wine (in which. Geztian ha$ been intufed ) is to be drunk, as Péiny advifes. Tragus fays, he cured 4 Woman who had eaten the Root, by giving her a Draught of good Vinegar : and this may be proba-
Trte2 ble,
508 ~ Salmon’s Herbal Lib 1.
SS 5c: GDS SS Reggae acarscceepgen en ees ae TELL “OES ble, becaufe, for that if the Vinegar was given in a|tops of the Stalks, refembling Coriander Seed, but
good large quantity it would caufe plentiful Vomit- |! ing, to evacuate the poyfonous matter, and withal, by reafon of its acidity, it would enervate and de- {troy the force of the Poyfon, making it of no effet. XV. The Emplafter, called Emplaftrum é Cicuta cum Ammoniaco. Take juice of Hemlock four Oun- ces, Vinegar of Squills, Gum Ammoniacum , of each eight Ounces, uifetve the Gum in the Fuice and Vi- negar, by a gentle infufion in a warm Sand beat, then Strain, and reduce it to the confiftence of an Empla- fer. Here note, that if the quantity of the Juice was doubled it would be fo much the better; it was invented to eafe pains, chiefly of the Spleen and Gout, my Experience has confirmed it, and fuch as fhall ufe it upon my Word may have caufe to return - me Thanks for this Recommendation; it is alfo an _ excellent thing to diffolve Scirrhus, and other like _ hard Tumors in any part-of the Body, chiefly Tu- ae of ‘the Liver, Spleen, Hypochonders, and Joints.
er; the whole Plant feems rot to me to be of any evil {mell.
Hemlock Par,
—
y Leav'd.
} - . | jp
CaN XVI. Nota. It has bee found by obfervation (| YA"
that fome Countries bring it forth in greater ftrength \ | ar than other fome do, and where'it is producéd in | J . Breater {trength it is a greater Poyfon; and tho’ it is a kind of Poyfon with us here in England, yet it feems not to be fo great a Poyfon as in Greece, and
other hot Countries, nor attended with fuch vidlent . effects.
C HA P. CCCLVI.
Of HEMLOCK the Leffer, OR, HEMLOCK Parfly Leav'd.
IV. Fhe Places. It grows amongft Stones and Rubbifh by old Walls and ruinous , by the Walls of Cities and Towns, and on Banks fides, and by Hodes gloest every where, as alfo in Gardens ve y.
Ve The Times. It Flowets in Fuly and Auguft,
1’THE Names. It is called in Greek Kove qu-| and its Seed is ripe in Auguft and Séptember, and in nev» in Latine Cicuta parva, vel minor, and | wart and feafonable Years much fooner.
in Englifh The Small or Leffer Hemlock. VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Il. The Kinds. This is the fecond general Spe-| Virtwes of this are the fame with thofe of the Com- cies of this Plant, and tho’ it is a fingular one of its| on Kinds, faving, that it is found by ex Kind, yet Authors have given it a plurality of Names, | that this is not full out fo Venefick as they are, yet as Cicuta minor Cordi & Camerarij , Cicutaria Fatua\doubtlef§ is dangerous to be taken in y- Lobelij , Cicuta Fatua, Apium Cicutarium Thalij , Petrofelinum Caninum Tabernamontani, Petrofelini vitium Tragi, and Apij Comes Cicutarium Gefneri . Hortis, Fools Hemlock, Parfly Leav’d Hemlock,
Ce.
CHAP. CCCLVIL
Ill. The Defcription. This Smaller Hemlock haz a fmall , tough, white Root , which sa aa eve. Year, from which rife up divers ftiff Stalks, fcarcely a Yard high, hollow, fomewhat reddifh towards the
Sun, otherwife they are whiter than the former,| LY HE Names. It is called in Greek Keres tov, fmaller, and not fpotted at all, and jointed or kneed Ses, inside, in Latine CGicuta Aquatica, vel at certain diftances, ftom which Joints {pring forth race in Englifh Water or Marfh Hemlock.
. long Leaves, very green, and finely jagged, like the} II. The Kinds. There are three- Kinds hereot, Common Chervil, or Parfly, indeed as the Leaves are| viz. 4. Cicutaria Paluftris alba, Cicutaria Palufiris much fimaller than the Common Hemlock , fo they | Flore albo, Cicutaria albo Lugdunenfis, White Watet come fo near unto Par/ly, that many are miftaken,|Hemlock. 2. Cicutaria Paluftris rubra, in gathering one for another, being cen found (tho"| rubra, Cicutaria Palufiris Hore purpureo Baubi ae a Wild Weed) in Gardens, of a paler green color,| Camerarij, Red Water Hemlock. 3. Cicutaria Pa- and with few Branches; the Flowets are —— luftris Tenuifolie Lobelij, Cicuta Paluftris 8 he at the tops of the Stalks in finall fpoky Um-| tice Cordi , Gefneri, & Thalj,
les, with {mall, longifh, green Leaves about them ;| Hemlock. , the Seed follows, like that of the Common Hemlock, of a white color, or as they grow together on the
Of HEMLOCK Water or Math.
Ul, The Deferiptions. The Jif, or White W
‘Ay *
Chap: 358... Exghfh Herbs. 509 going from Redriff to Deptford, near London, and in many other places. :
VII. The Times. They Flower thro’ all Fu/y and Axuguft, and perfect their Seed in Auguft and Sep- tember, as other Hemlocks do, - :
VILL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations , Virtues and Ufes are the fame (as Authors. think) with the Common Hemlock in Chap. 355. aforegoing, but of this I confefs I very much doubr, feeing thcie
ter Hemlock. It has a white, thick, long Root, like that of Fennel, but diuided into many parts, being of a fweet cent; and en hot fharp tafte, trom this Root rife up féveral Stalks of winged Leaves, much cut in on the edges, from among which rifés up a flen- der crumpled Stalk, and Branched a Foot and half or more high; bearing Umbles of white Flowers, and long, black, well {melling Seed, and when ripe tafting thatp, two always joined together, with a finall Thread between them. : are cold in the fourth degree, and thefe on the con- {V. The fecond, or Red Water Hemlock. It bas} trary are hot, at leaft in the fecond degree, and aro- a thick, black, and jointed Root, with feveral Fibres | matick, as the hot and fpicy tafte of the Seed feems thereat ; the Leaves are in form like the former, but | to indicate, however, fince Authors have {aid nothing larger, and not fo much cut into parts, and paler of | in particular of the matter, nor we have had any ex- color; the Stalk is round, and jointed, about a Foot | perience of our own concerning the fame, we fhall in height, bearing at its tops far Umbles, with pale | ceafe any farther declaration thereof. red, or blufh Flowers, and long black Seed after them, {weet in fimell, and fharp in tafte. |
Cc HA P. CCCLVIIL Of H E M P Manutred.
I-TOHE Names. It is called in Arabick Canab, and Schebedenegi; in Greek Kdrvatss, in La- tine Cannabis, and in Englifh Hemp.
Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1, xérwatis cxbemn, Cannabis Sativa, Manured Hemp. 2. «#+a* Cus UmeCanrn, Cannabis Sylveftris, Cannabis Spuria, Wild or Baftard Hemp.
Ill. The Médnured Kinds. The Manured is alfo twofold, viz. 1: Cannabis Mas, The Male Hemp, or that which bears Seed. 2. Cannabis Fumina, The Female Hemp, or that which bears Flowers and no
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Y. ‘Tbe third, or Marth or Water Hemlock. It bas a long and blackifh Root, with feveral Foints and Fibres growing from them; from this Root {prings up a great, thick, and hollow Stalk, three, four , and fometimes almoft five Feet high, full of Joints, and Leaves at them; at the Joints with the Leaves, which are cut into divers parts, fomewhat like unto Parfly, but fmaller, come forth the Branches up to the top, bearing fmall Umbles of White Flowers; the Seed is fweet in fmell, and black, fomewhat greater than Azifeed: This is that Plant which Do- doneus and Lugdunenfis take to be Phellandrium P/inij, and they make it to be Sivm, or Laver, the Ligufticum Syloefire Thalij, which Ce/a/pinus and others think to be the Si/aus Plinij.
VI. The Places. They all grow in moift and wa- t laces in feveral Countries of Exrope, the third, : or laft of them, grows by many Rivers fides in ma-| IV. The Defcriptions. The fir/t, or Male Kind, ny parts of England, in ieveral places by the Thames | has generally one downright Root, fix or feven Inches fd alfo in the midft of Water Ditches, and ftand- | /ong, with many ftrong Strings, which take faft bold
YU)
~~
xh
= pis
"ing Pools and Ponds, in moft places of this Land;| in the Ground, but die and perifh every Year, fton
eet
it grows vesy plentifillly in the Ditches by a Caufey |this Root rifes up one Stalk, four, five, fix, or wn
| ae Dus . Chap. 359. Enghfh Herbs, 511
_ Gion, tis good to be applied to any place which
. Arvenfe album Tabernamontani, Urtica aculeata Fo-| ny Arms or Branches, two and two at every
tation, and afterwards mixed applied made up into a|/7s ferratw altera Baubini, who ‘hi oe with Barley Flower, renewing df ic eve- ee Cordi, The fecond Battard oo Wild om ty day. 3. Cannabrs Spuria tertia, Cannabys ! XVI. A Decottion or Emulfion of the Seed. The] Urtice Lobel, Urtica aculeata ‘oli pics ae Decoétion in Water or Wine is hut and dry, and con-} Bambini, Sideritie altera Matthioli, The third Ba- fumes Wind , and by the much ufe thereof it does} {tird or Wild Hemp. : difperfe it fo much, that ic confumes and. dries up the Natural Seed of Generation. The Emulfion of the Seed in Water or Milk ftops continual Fluxes of the Bowels, and is good akninkt a Gonorrheéa, it ea- fes the pains of the Colick, and quiets and allays troublefom and griping Humors in Stomach and Bel- ly, it is good againft a Bloody Flux, and ftops bleed- ings, whether at Mouth, Nofé, Yard, or Womb. The Emulfion made in Milk, by boiling the Seed fo long in it till it is crys broken, and then ftrain-| ed cut, as Sy/vins de Le Boe Prax. Med. Lib. 1. Cap. 47. Se#. 74. Pag. 306. 6. quarto Edition Printed 1680. has taught, if it is taken five or fix Ounces at a time twice or thrice ina day, it will, as he fays (from great Experience) cure the Jaundice; it is alfo good for fuch as have a hot and dry Cough, opens obftru&tions of the Lungs, and obftructions of the Gall Bladdet, and caufes a. digeftion of
Choler.
XVII. The Diftilled Water of the Herb. \tallays Inflamations , and has all the Virtues of the Juice and Decottion of the Leaves, and may be ufed to be mixed with fome other Preparations, as a Vehicle.
XKVIIL The Oil by Infolation, rit fon , or Deco-
is burn’d with Fire, and to remove inflamations in any part; fo alfo if an Oil or Ointment is made, by payne, frefh Juice with Oil Olive, or Hogs Lard, or frefh Butter, it heals Burnings or Scaldings after an admirable manner. :
. The Leaves fried. In a Hemorrhage if fome of the Blood which comes from the Patient be taken, and the frefh Leaves of Hemp be fried there- in, and then given to the Sick to eat, it ftops the bleeding prefently, and if they be fo fried as rhat the Leaves may be. crumbled into Pouder, this Pouder blowed up the Noftrils, or put upon any Wound where there is a flux of Blood, it prefently ftops it, and given to a Dram or more inwardly ina gt of Blood, Vomiting Blood, Piffing Blood, Bloody Flux, or fuxof the Terms, it quickly ftops it, and by tepeating the exhibition quickly cures it ; and gi- ven to fuch as are troubled with Worms in the Bow- els it kills them.
XX. Nota... Matthiolus fays that Hemp/feed given to Hens in the Winter, when they lay feweft Egs , will make them lay more plentifully.
4 fH
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Firft Baftard Hemp, bas a Root which is hard and whitt , and a little fpreading , but dying before Winter; from the head of which rifes up a reafonable gieat, hairy , fquare Stalk, not very ftrong, nor upright, but as it were leaning down, with feveral Joints bunching out like Knees, and two Leaves fet at every one of them, fomewhat long, hairy, and pointed , ofa frefher green color than the Leaves of the Mamured Kind, and dented about the edges; at the Joints alfo come forth feveral Branches , jointed and fet with Leaves in like manner, whereabout, towards the tops, grow feveral hooded and gaping Flowers, like thofe of the Dead Nettle, but larger and greater, of a pale pur- plith color, ftanding in fmall, green, prickly Husks, in which, after the Flowers are paft, grows the Seed, which is {mall and round, three or four growing to-
CHAP. CCCLIX.
ether.
4 IV. The fecond, or Second Baftard Hemp, differs not much in Root or Stalk from the former, but the Leaves are fhorter and rounder; the Flowers hereof lL“ HE Names. It is called in Greek Kévvatis| are of the fame fathion, but not fo great as they, the
UmiCanrn, 2 ven, in Latine Cannabis Spuria | uppermolt part or hood whereof is of a pale color, vel Notba, and Cannabis Sylvefiris, in Englifh Ba-| tending to yellow, and the lower part of a deeper ftard Hemp, and Wild Hemp. Red, or Purple Color; the Husks of the Flowers are
IL. The Kinds. Authors make three feveral forts | fomewhat more prickly alfo than the other. V. The Third, or Third Baftard Hemp, 7s 77 its
rowing much like the laft, but its Root isa bufh of Fibres and Strings, from whofe head comes forth one fhort body of a Stalk, which quickly divides it felf
Of HE M P Baftard or Wild.
hereof, viz. 1. Cannabis Srerie print; Cannabis Syi- veftris Tragi F Lugdunenfis, & Spuria altera Lobe- ty, Cannabina alba Tabernamontani, Urtica aculeata
olijs ferratts Baubini, The firft Baftard Hemp, or
White a Hemp. 2. peor wig fecunda,} into two, three, or four others, which growing up Cannabis Sylveftris Spuria tertia Lobel , Alyffum\ with feveral Joints, {pread themfelves out into ma-
Joint, but
| ; / Lib. | h1O Salmons Herba : 1D. d, ra ax nea - <1 | and by confequence the finer and fofter Linnen Cloth. Ste ese a this Salk The Winter emp, as ne oF tironges lant and pe oe ib (hy .. with many Leaves alfo on the | harder peeling, fo it eet 6 cour as harder s rough and bu Y oe ener fanding upon a long Thread and oth, and o ; his fort it is they ufually Foarftalic od divided into five , fix, of feven feve- | make their Cordage. Oe - the Wh and manner esses » aoint together at the bottom of them, of fteeping or proteins as femp, yi i it is ai and dented about the edges, fomething like unto the| ed, picked, Snap en , ig nie as to be ‘i f the Leaves Pada Chrifti, or Baftard Black | made into Clot 3, 2 Fe 220 Bae pertinent Hellebor of a dark green color, and of a {trong fimell, | to, or the bufinefs : t a os » foit preterm bit not unpleafing ; towards the tops, from the bot- ted, and you are re . : fo ; e es Pl ace in toms of the Wings and Leaves, comes forth the Seed | Agriculture wiih ae an a ke oe ited inte on long Branches, without any fhew of Flowers ,|me with Life, fhall 1 ue a n : om into. ; and full of an oily | the World, for the general beneht o nkind.
which is round, fomewhat 1d full OF . ird Kind of & Bel ty Lae es 4} VIL There is alfo a third Kind of Hemp growing
fharp pointed, finely notched in about the edges; | which in Roots, Stalks, Leaves and Seed differ nor
arp ; much from our Manuwred Kind, faving, that the ehis & called Wower Eewp. whole Plant is much bigger, the Stalks ate greater, : and the Leaves and Flowers much larger. me ; VIIL..The Places. Pliny Lib. 20. Chap. 23. fi Bol that Hémp was formerly fou risa rl St we in our ary find no fuch thing, fot iy/all pla- ‘ SAN: ces of the World it is now Sown in fed SAS Fields chofen on purpofe for the fame; Columelia ZN IN fays it dalights to gto iy 9 Fat, Dawer ol Wi Ay ery Soil, or in and moift Ground deeply Gh WON HANS Plough f ¥ i IODA IX. The Times. Yt isSown in the endof Merch; a Za r beginning of Apri/, and is ripe in Auguft £ AN (4 \\ ember, according as the two f fit WENN | Wa to be. ered ; the fecond of thefe y VN D> Lae Hemp is tipe and fit to be AN Nae Fuly, and beginning of Aweufl; the f GN Oe Hemp ,'s. gathered 2 ful : yr? Ae end of Auguf, or of Septem AGW BIRSS . The Qualities. It is hor and dry im the ANN Bi i} i SS the firft degree , it is Aftringent, Car , Di me We y \ cuffive, ng Etions ot the Gall '~P—W 7J\ and is Anodyne, Neurotick, and Arthritick, eA AaN\\ \ XI. The Specification. \tis a pecu 3 acy NS WN curing the Jaundice and Colick, in killing Worms,
and cating: pains of the Gout.
XIL. Preparations. You may prepare thete- from, 1. A Liguid Fuice of the-Leaves. 2. A De cottion of the Leaves. 3. A Decottion of the Kovt.
A Decottion or Emulfion of the Seed. 5. A Di hilled Water of Root and Herb. 6. An Oil by Inf fon. 7. The Leaves fried.
The Virtues.
XI. The Liquid Fuice of the Leaves. Taken to an Ounce or two in a Glafs of Wine it is an ext. ordinary thing to kill Worms, whether in M Beaft; dropt into the Ears ir kills Worms in the Ears, and draws forth any other living Creature whicls has crept into them: And ro ‘hew the h hete- of for this purpofe, Marthiofvs fays, that if ic is poured, (yea but the Decoftion of the Herb) into holes of Earth-Worms, it will drive them forth, an¢ that Fifhetmen and Anglers have uféd this Feat t get Worms to bait their Hooks. vain XIV. The Decoftion of the Leaves. Yt tus the former Virtues, but not altogether fo ftrong, and may be given from three to cight Ounces, rae | to Age and Strength, but is no very agreeable thing for the Stomach. XV. The Decotfion of the Root. thas the me Virtues alfo, but this in efpecial it is faid to begooe againft, u/s. to allay Infamations in the Head, any other part, to eafé the pains of the Gout, te hard Tumors or Knots in the Joints, Cramps, 306 fhrinking of the Sinews, and to eafe the pains G. ™ Hip, or Sciatica, being applied thereto by Bee
—S —<—
4 me
V. The Mpa or Female Kind, bas like Root and Stalk as the former, but the Leaves are lefler, and of a lighter green color, yet like in form and Jhape , the Stalk is fingle for the moft part, with few or no Branches, having a like ftrong fmell as the other, it bears a great number of Flowers, which are fmall, and of a whitifh yellow color, ftanding many toge- ther upon long Branches, which turn into duft, and are carried away with the Wind, not leaving any Seed after them, for which reafon it is called Barren Hemp, and by reafon of its bearing no Seed it comes to ripenefS fooner than the other by a Month, or
more, being the tenderer and weaker Plant, the Stalk being hollower, and not fo ftrong, for which reafon it is ufually called Summer Hemp.
Vi. An Obfervation. Thefe two forts Male and Female are not originally two differing Kinds, but both rife from one and the felf fame Seed, that is, they both fpring from the Seed, growing upon one and the fame Stalk or Plant, being herein fomewhat like unto the French Mercury, but how this change in Nature fhould be, or how it is brought to pafs, is very hard to determine: The Summer Hemp, as it is the tenderer and weaker Plant, fo it makes the finer Stuff or Tare, and that makes the finer Thread,
. ion, It is good to be applied to any place which
. Arvenfe album Tabernamontani, Urtica aculeata Fo-| ny Arms or Branches, two and two at every Joint
Chap. 359. A Enghfb Herbs. si
tation, and atterwards mixed applied made up into a} “7s Jerrates altera Baubini, who thinks it to be the Cataplafin wich Barley Flower, renewing of it eve-|Sderitss Cordi, The fecond Baftard or Wild Hemp, iy day. : 3. Cannabys Spuria tertia, Cannabis Spuria facie
XVI. A Decofion or Emulfion of the Seed. .The| Urtice Lobelij, Urtica aculeata Folijs non ferrats Decoétion in Water or Wine is hut and dry, and con-] Bebini, Sideritis altera Matthioh, The third Ba- fumes Wind , and by the muck ufe thereof it does|{tird or Wild Hemp. difperfe it fo much, that it confumes and. dries up the Natural Seed of Generation. The Emulfion of the Seed in Water or Milk ftops continual Fluxes of the Bowels, and is good againft a Gonorrheéa, it ea- fes the pains of the Colick, and quiets and allays troublefom and griping Humors in Stomach and Bel- ly, it is good againft a Bloody Flux, and ftops bleed- ings, whether at Mouth, Nofé, Yard, or Womb. The Emulfion made in Milk, by boiling the Seed fo long in it till it is ee broken, and then ftrain-| ed out, as Sy/vins de Le Boe Prax. Med. Lib. 1. Cap.} 47. Sed. 74. Pag. 306. b. quarto Edition Printed 1680, has taught, if it is taken five or fix Ounces at a time twice or thrice ina day, it will, as he fays (from gteat Experience) cure the Jaundice; it is alfo good for fuch as have a hot and dry Cough, opens obftru€tions of the Lungs, and obftructions of the Gall Bladdet, and caufes a. digeftion of Choler, _ /
XVII. The Diftilled Water of the Herb. It allays Inflamations , and has all the Virtues of the Juice and Decoétion of the Leaves, and may be ufed to be mixed with fome other Preparations, as a Vehicle.
XVII. The Oi/ by Infolation , Infusion , or Deco-
is burn’d with Fire, and to remove inflamations in any part; fo alfo if an Oil or Ointment is made, by = 5 frefh Juice with Oil Olive, or Hogs Lard, or frefh Butter, it heals Burnings or Scaldings after an admirable manner. :
XIX. The Leaves fried. In 4 Hamorthage if fome of the Blood which comes from the Patient be taken, and the frefh Leaves of Hemp be fried there- in, and then given to the Sick to eat, it ftops the bleeding prefently, and if they be fo fried as rhat the Leaves may be. crumbled into Pouder, this Pouder Seen <= blowed up the Noftrils, or putupon any Wound} III. The Defcriptions. The firff, or Fitft Baftard where there is a flux of Blood, it prefently ftopsit,)Hemp, bas a Root which is hard and whité , and a and given to a Dram or more inwardly ina Spitting |/itt/e fpreading , but dying before Winter; from the of Blood, Vomiting Blood, Piffing Blood, Bloody |head of which rifes up a reafonable gteat , hairy , Flux, or flux of the Terms, it quickly ftops it, and }{quare Stalk, not very ftrong, nor upright, but as it by tepeating the exhibition quickly curesit; and gi-] were leaning down, with feveral Joints bunching our ven to fiich as are troubled with Worn in the Bow- | hike Knees, and two Leaves fet at every one of them, els it kills them. fomewhat long, hairy, and pointed, ofa frefher
XX. Nota.. Matthiolws fays that Hemp/eed given | green color than the Leaves of the Mazured Kind, to Hens in the Winter, when they lay feweft Egs ,/and dented about the edges; at the Joints alfo come will make them lay more plentifully. forth feveral Branches, jointed and fet with Leaves in like manner, whereabout, towards the tops, grow feveral hooded and gaping Flowers, like thofe of the Dead Nettle, but larger and greater, of a pale pur- plith color, {tanding in fmall, green, prickly Husks, in which, after the Bowers are paft, grows the Seed, which is finall and round, three or four growing to-
ether.
IV. The fecond, or Second Baftard Hemp, differs not much in Root or Stalk from the former, but the Leaves are fhorter and rounder; the Flowers hereof IT HE Names. It is called in Greek Keates} are of the fame fafhion, but not fo great as they, the
Umbanza, © vib, in Latine Cannabis Spuria,\uppermolt part or hood whereof is of a pale color, wel Notha, and Cannabis Sylveftris, in Englifh Ba-| tending to yellow, and the lower part of a deeper ftard Hemp, and Wild Hemp. Red, or Purple Color; the Husks of the Flowers are
Il. The Kinds. Authors make three feveral forts] fomewhat more prickly alfo than the other. hereof, viz. 1. Cannabis Spuria prima, Cannabis Syl-) WV. The Third, or Third Baftard Hemp, is ix its veftris Tragi F Lugdunen/is, Spuria altera Lobe- growing much like the laft, but rts Root is a bufh of lij, Cannabina alba Tabernamontant, Urtica aculeata| Fibres and Strings, from whofe head comes forth one Polijs JSerratis Baubini, The firft Baftard Hemp, or] fhort body of a Stalk, which quickly divides it felf White Hemp. 2. Cannabis Spuria fecunda,| into two, three, or four others, which growing up Cannabis Sylveftris Spuria tertia Lobel , Alyfum) with feveral Joints, {pread themfelves out into ma-
_. Hemp = saw Bastard
mM EL “SS A Sarre
i
CHAP. CCCLIX. Of H E M P Baftard or Wild.
ut
> . : ws
512 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. |.
5 ‘tis very pofhible that th narrow , a little fadder , and not dented about the may be of extraordinary ufe in curing the Kings-Evil, if prudently prepared ‘and applied , and by a Wife and Skilful Hand.
’ edges in moft of them; the Flowers hereof are hood- | ed and gaping, but they are wholly of a pale yel- lowifh color, with little or no fhadow ot {pot in ' them, and ftand thicker about the Joints, whofe r Husks have longer and fharper points than the reft.
HEMP Water. See AG RIMON Y Wier,
CHAP. CCCLX, ¢ Of HEN BANE Comnimon or Black.
1." HE Names. It is called in Arabick Alters cum, and Altercangenum, and by the Arabi- an Phyficians Bengi, which differs but little from the Indian and Perfian Name i as Garcias ab Or. to, and Chriftopber Acolta declare, in Greek ‘Torn. u@& quafi Faba Porcina, in Latine alfo Hyofcyamus , and corruptly Fu/quiamus, alfo Apollinaris, ab A line Medicing inventore, vel gee opplet Cerebrum vitiofo & fatido balitu, ecque Mentem percellit, qua« Si Apollinis 7Eftro. Scribonius fays that the Latines ¢ alfo call it A/tercum, ab Altercando, quia cum Ver | borum Altercatione rixague fe torquent Hyofciamo de- mentati. Camerarius faith it is alfo called Priapeia, — quia Itali Semine utuntur ad Priapifmum Mes re Il. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of this Plant, but the principal Kinds are, 1. “Teomdu@ pie Aasy Hyofcyamus niger , called alfo Hyofcyamus vul- aris, and by Fuchfius Hyofcyamus Flavus, Our Com- bs mon Henbane, which is the Black Henbane, and isa fingular Plant, of which in this Chapter. 2. “Tern éu@ revnis, Hyofcyamus albus, fo called by all Au- thors, White Henbane, of which in Chap. 361, fol- lowing. :
VI. Nota. You are to take notice that there is ano- ther varicty of the fir/t of thefe Kinds, whofe Flower is for the moft part of a perfeil white color, or a little pale whitifh , which does manifeftly exprefs the dif ference, and therefore is called in Latine Cannabis Spuria prima Flore albo, Baftard Hemp of the firft fort with a white Flower.
VII. The Places. Thefe Kinds of Baftard or Wild Hemp do all grow as well in moift Grounds as dry, by Ditch fides, and by Pathways, and under Walls, and fome of them will be found in Gardens, whence they are continually plucked up as Weeds; the firft Kind with a white Flower mentioned at Set. VI. above has been found by the Pathways near Clapham, and in the Ditches by Redriff, or Rotherbithe . as it was formerly written; they all grow alfo upon bar- ren Hills and Mountains, as Gerard fays, and efpe- cially on Earable Land; and they have been often- times found in the Com Fields of Kent, near Gravef- end and Southfleet , and in all the way from thence to Canterbury, and in many places about London.
VIL. The Times. They all Flower for the mof ce Fuly, and from Fuly to the end of Augu/?, the
ripening in the mean time.
XK. As to their Qualities , Specification, oe tions and Virtues, they are thought to be near y the fame with thofe of the Common Hemp in the former Chapter, as fome Authors are of Opinion, but they are feldom ufed in Phyfick, either inwardly or out-
= pene <a wardly, when and where the others are to be had. Bl ack: RYE
SLT | A= Hezbane X. But Lobel fays they are ufed as an affured Re- ts i pt a medy againft Nodes and Wens, and other like hard IU. The Defcription. It has a Root which Brea, Tumors in the Flefh, and that after other things have white, and thick, branching or /preading it fel We :
=<. “=z.
‘atthe top points, in which is contained much fimall
Chap. 360. Engh/b Herbs. 512. : IX. Lhe Preparations. You may have, 1. 1h Leaves whole and in fabflance. 2. A Fauice of the Leaves and Roots. 3. An Effence of the fame. 4.
A Fuice or Emulfion of the Seed. 5. An Oil of the Seed by Infolation or Exprefiion. 6. The Seed in fub-
ral ways under Ground, fo like unto a Parinep Reor, (but that it is noi fo wlute) that it has decerved feve- ra/, from this Koot fpring up feveral very large, thick, foft, woolly Leaves, lying upon the Ground, much cut in or torn on the edges, of a dark or veiy dull grayifh green color; among thefe Leaves rile] fence. 7. A Decottion of Root, Herb, and Seed. 8: up divers thick and fof Stalks, two or three Feet} A Vinegar of the Root or Hérb, or green Husks of the high, and fomeimes higher, which f{pread themfelves | Kowers. 9. An Extract of ihe Fuice of the Roots out into feveral fmaller Branches, with fome finaller | azd Leaves. 10. AnOj/or Ointment of the Root, or Leaves on them, and many hollow Flowers Bell} Leaves, or of their Fuice. 11. A Cataplafin of the falhion fearcely appearing above the Husks, and | Rots or Leaves boiled in Red Port Wine. 12 A commonly torn on the one fide, ending in five round | Fomentation. 13. Fumes of the Herb or Seed. 14. Doints, growing one above another, of a deadifh,| A Diflidled Water of Root, Herb, Flowers. 15. A aint, yellow, white color, fomewhat paler towards | Venefick. 16. The Cure of the Poyfon of Henbanei the edges, with many purplifh Veins therein, and of }17. A Aiftory, __ a brownifh color, or dark yellowifh purple in the bot- tom of the Flower, with a fmall Pointel of the fame color in the middle, each of them ftanding ina hard clofé Husk, which, after the Flower is paft, grows very like the Husk of a Pomgraxct Flower, or the Flower or Husk of Afarabacca, and fomewhat fharp
The Virtues.
X. The gréen Leaves in fubflance. Applied they cool all inflamations, either in the Eyes, or in any other part of the Body, and are good to aflwage all manner of {wellings, whether of the Cods, or of Woméns Breafts, or in any other part; the fame ap- plied to the Joints give eafe in pains of the Gout, and Sciatica, and to the Forehead and Temples they eafé a vehement Headach, proceeding from a hot caufe, or for want of Sleep in Fevers, and are very good againft fimple Contufions while recent.
The Liquid Fuice of the Leaves. It has all the former Virtues, being bathed warm or fomented upon the parts affe&ted, and feems to me to be the more powerful of the two, but after bathing it will be neceffary to lay Linnen Cloths four, fix, or eight times doubled dipped in the fame Juice upon the dif- affe€tion; dropped into the Ears it takes away any’ noife therein, deafnefS, thicknefS of hearing, or pain there; held often in the Mouth of one who has the Toothach it gives relief and eafe, and if there is Worms in the Teeth or Gums it kills them.
XII. The Effence of the Roots and Leaves. Ithas all the Virtues of the green Leaves and Juice afore- going, and for the excellent ufe which may be mad¢e hereof it ought always to be kept in a readinef$ in the Houfe, fit is mixed with Wine, or Wine and Water in equal quantities, anda loufie Head bathed therewith, it will kill Nits and Lice, and this it will do in Man and Beaft; the fame thing the Li- quid Juice will do alfo.
XUL. The Fuice or Emulfion of the Seed. An Ounce of the Seed will make twenty or twenty four Dofes for a Man or Woman, it is an excellent thing, againft hot, falt, and fharp defiuxions of Rheum fal- ling upon the Lungs, eafes Coughs, tho’ never fo ex- tream, and is good againft pains of the Spleen, and Womb, and Hyfterick Fits, or Fits of the Mother; it ftops all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels, as Diar- thoea’s, Difenteria’s, Lienteria’s, and Hepatick Flux, as alfo the overflowing of the Terms, and the Whites in Women.
‘ XIV. The Oil of the Seed by Infolation or Expref- VI. The Times. They fpring out of the Ground | /ioz. Dropped into the Ears it is good againtt noife all Apri/, and in May, and do both Flower in 7u/y,|and pain there, as alfo againft thicknefS of hearing, and in Auguft, the Seed fa te peor in Ofober ,|and kills Worms in the Ears, anointed on the Joints when growing ripe, if it is fuffered to fhed or fall, | of Gouty People, it gives eafe to rhe pain and affwa- it {brings up again every Year. ges the {welling of the part: The Oil by Infolation Il. The Qualities. They are cold in the fourth |is good for all the aforenamed things, but the Expref- degree, and dry in the fecond or third, they are Ano- | fed Oil is five times more powerful and efficacious, dyne, Aftringent , Emphraftive, Repercuffive, Ar- {and therefore the rather to be chofen. thritick, and Venefick. XV. The Seed in fubjtance. It has all the Vir-
VIM. The Specification. They are good againft} tues of the Juice or Emulfion of the Seed at Set. inflamations of the Eyes, Sciatica, Gout, Rheuma- | XIII. above, befides which it is a moft excellent thing tifm, Kings-Evil, hot Tumors of the Cods, and of} to be given about ten or fifteen Grains at a time (ac-
Womens Breafts, noife, deafnefs, and pains in the| cording to the Age of the Perfon) to fich as Pits a Ears, it prevails againft Coughs, and Fits of the}Bed, or cannot hold their Water, being continued Mother. for fome time, and by this Remedy alone I have : ( uu cured
Seed, very like unto Poppy Seed, but of a dusky gtayifh color, almoft enclining unto black, whence came the Name Black Henbane.
IV. The Angyptian Henbane. I fhall put this Plant into this Chapter, and defcribe it bere, tho an Exotick, becaufe Parkinfon fays it is, or will have it to be, a Species of the Black, and withal it is not avery great y ee in fome of our Englith Gardens, it bas a
Small white Root, with fome Fibres adjoining to it , which perifhes every Year , this Root fends up a ftrong woolly Stalk, about two Feet high, on which are growing leffer Leaves than thofe of the Common Kind afore defcribed , and almoft as much torn on the edges, efpecially thofe towards the bottom, but thofe which grow up higher towards the top are little or nothing indented on the edges, and the higher the {moother edged, all of them being very white and hoary; the Flowers ftand every one of them at the Joints with the Leaves, and at the tops likewife, in fich like Husks as the Common does, and of the fame pale yellow color, with purple Veins therein, at the firft blowing of them, but afterwards, as they grow larger, fo the color changes to be of a dark reddifh color, with Veins of a deeper Dye, and a whitifh bottom , with a Purple Pointel, encompaffed with yellow Threads in the middle, which being paft a- way, there fucceeds fuch like prickly Heads as the Common Kind has, and alfo fuch like Seed.
V. The Places. The firft is commonly found growing by the Way fides, and under Hedge fides, and old Walls, about the borders of Fields, on old Dunghills which have lain tong, and _in other rude and untilled places; the other is an Exotick, com- mon to be had in /Agypt, as the firft is with us, but by. ganfportation of the Seed to us, is now to be found in feveral of our Gardens.
LE a % > 1, Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I. cured feveral Young Perfons, (even Women kind, which are the moft difficult) who had been troubled with the fame many Years, the Cure fucceeding be- yond expectation: The Emulfion of the Seed will alfo do the fame thing, but whether it is fo’ power- ful as the Seed in fubftance I will not determine, becaufe a. great Virtue may refide in the Hulls or Husks of the Seed, which in the Emulfion are all caft away; but if the Emulfion be made with all the Husks of the Seed in it, I know not but then it may do as well as the Seed in fubftance it felf; if the Seed is given in fubftance, it ought firft to be all bruiféd in a Stone or GlafS Mortar, and then mixed with the pulp of a roafted Apple, or other proper Vehicle, and fo given (for fome time) every Night going to Bed.
XVI. The Decottion of Roots, Herb, or Seed. Mf the Feet are wafhed herewith it caufes Sleep, and given ina Clyfter it does the fame, fo alfo bathed upon the Temples and Forehead, and a little fhuffed up the Noftrils alfo; it has all the Virtues of the oe Leaves, Liquid Juice and Effence at Se&t. X.
I. XII. if in like manner applied, but the Deco&ti- on is much the weaker Preparation, and ought there- fore to be the oftner ufed: The Decoftion of the green Husks of the Flowers has alfo the fame Vir-
gainft DeafnefS, or dulnefs of hearing, noife and. pains in the Ears, and held in the Mouth it gives eafe inthe Toothach; and fo diffolved in Wine, or otherwife in Spirit of Wine, it may be given from twenty to thirty, or forty drops, or more, in any convenient Vehicle, to caufe Reft and Sleep, and to eafe the pains of the Spleenand Bowels, or pains in other parts of the Body, it operating not much dif ferent from an Opiate; and this Extract is that Juice of Henbane which you ought to put into the Com- Parecie when you Confett the Laudanum Opiatum aracelfi.
XIX. The Oil or Ointment of the Roots, or green Leaves , or ff their Fuice. It is made by a treble addition of the Vegetable matter to the Oil Olive, or Hogs Lard, or mixture of Oil and Sheeps Suet, every time infolating and boiling till the aqueous particles are all confumed. \t is good to cool inflamations, and eafe oe proceeding from a hot caufe; if it is made (inftead of the Hogs Lard, or mixture, £c.) with Unguentum — , it will give admirable eafe in the Gout, ne the pain and fwelling of the Tefticles, and the Inflamations and Tumors in Womens Breafts; it eafes all pains of the Joints, and in any other part, and will perform what the Leaves, Juice or Effence can do. .
XX. The Cataplafm of the Roots or Leaves. If applied to fimple recent Contufions it diffipates the
tues. XVIL. The Vinegar of the Root, green Herb, or green Husks. At is made by Infufion in fharp White | Tumor, or a its rite» and Fey cures it; — Wine Vinegar , either by Infolation , Digeftion in a | if made by boiling them foft in Red Port Wine, et Sand heat, or gentle boiling, or digefting in a boil-| applied to Womens Breafts, or to the Tefticles, or ing Balneo; if it is held in the Mouth it eafes the] other like painful Tumors, it eafes the pai and af: pains of the Teeth, given inwardly in a fimall Dofe, | fwages the fwelling, applied to the Templesand — as from half a Dram to a Dram, or more, in fome| Forehead it eafes the Headach, gives Reft, and in- fit Vehicle, it caufes Reft and Sleep, more efpecial-| duces Sleep; that made without Wine is good to be ly if it is alfo bathed upon the Nofttils, Forehead ,| applied to pains in the Reins, and to the brawny — and Temples, and a Rofe Cake dippéd in the fame] parts of the Arms and Legs , but it ought to be ap- be applied to the Temples ; bathed a placesinfla-| plied hot; that made with Wine is af excellent — med, tumified, or pained, or afte&ted with the Gout, | thing againft the Sciatica, and the Gout in Hands — it eafes them; it alfo af{wages the fwelling of the| or Feet. . os Spleen, and eafes its pain. XXI. The Fomentation. It is made of the Wine in which the former Cataplafmn was boiled, adding to every Pint thereof a Dram or two of Oleum Tar- tari per ry it allays Inflamations, difcufles — Tumors or Swellings proceeding from heat, and ea- fes any pain proceeding froma hot caufe, or hot . and {harp Humors ; it is good alfo to bath therewith - Hands and Feet which are apt to be hard and dry; it is alfo good to hold in the Mouth for the Tooth- ae, ae foment pr the pre lig therewith, it giving prefent eafe to the a EY XXIL The Fume of the dryed Root Herb, or Seed. The Fume of dryed Root, Herb, Stalks, or Seed , being burned, and the Hands over the Fume thereof, will quickly cure fuch as are troubled with Swellings or Chilblains in the Winter, the fame — done to fuch as have Kibes in their Heels it will quickly heal them, tho’ inveterate and very bad; it alfo cures the Toothach. 33 J. eS XXIII. The Diftilled Water of the Reot, Herb, Flowers. It is effe€tual to all the fes for which the green Leaves, Juice, Effence, "intafion, tie on, €c. are ufed, but is much weaker than they; i clears the Skin, being wafhed withit, of heat, Pim- les, hot eruptions, or breakings out, Herpes, Scur, orphew, YellownefS, and other Deformities, 8 -(a <2 ee Z XXIV. The Venefick. It is made of the expree — fed Juice of Root or Herb, digefted in a GlafS Body in a very gentle Sand heat fora Week; mixed any proper matter, as Pafte, Bread, Meat, kills Kats and Mice, or other Vermine: this fick mixed with fome of the Diftilled Wat Nits and Lice, the Head and parts; xd wathed therewith, it alfo affwages 7 ‘umors:
XVIL. The Extrait of the Fuice of the Roots and Leaves. The Fuice being produced by expreffion is to be infpiffated in a gentle Sand heat, or in the Sun, till it comes to perfect drynefs of a Gum,which done,it is to be reduced, by beating in a Mortar.to a grofs Pouder, and then it is fit for extrattion, this is done two ways, viz. either with fair Water, or with Spirit of Winey you muft diffolve it in either the one or the other Men- firuum in a gentle Balneo, or in a gentle Sand beat, and keep it in that digeftion forty eight Hours, fha- king it two or three times a day; then being fettled till it as perfetly fine, decant off the clear ‘Tinéture, which referve , pe more, either fair Water, or Spi- rit of Wine, and extratt again as before, till no more Tindtlure will arife, decant this clear Tintture, which put tothe former referved Tintlure, cafting the feces away, this Tindlure, whether Aqueous or Vinous, put into a proper Veffel, if it is an Aqueous Tintture, you may put it into.a Glafs Bafon, or well glazed Earthen Bafon, and in a gentle Sand beat evaporate to drynefs, and then it is done; but if it is a Spiri-
tuous ‘Lintlure, put it into a Glafs Body or Vefica, which fit with a Glafs Head, and in a gentle Sand beat, or in Balneo, draw off the Spirit, till the Mag- ma remaining is of the thicknefs of new Honey, or fomething thicker, the Spirit you may keep for the like ufe again, the Extra you may take out, (by breaking the Glafs Body) and keep it in a Pot or Box elofe covered from the Air. It is Soporiferous and
arcotick, diffolved in Water or Vinegar, and ufed outwardly , it will do all that the green - Leaves, Liquid Juice, Effence, or Decoftion can-do; if it is diflolved in Canary, or other Wine, it is good a-
s
‘
Chap. 361: | Englifh Herbs. 518
inflamations, alleviates pain, and gives eafe in the | Gout, the parts affe€ted being often bathed there- | with. :
XXV. The Cure of fuch as are Poyfoned with Henbane. lf it is recent, the firft and only thing which is to be done is, to give ant Emetick, which may be Tartar Emetick, Vinum Antimoniale, Vinum Benediftum, or fome fuch Antimonial Vomit, which, when it has almoft done working, its force down- wards ought to be encouraged , by giving this Cly- fer. Take Mutton Broth or Poffet-Drink a Pint, brown Sugar four Ounces, mix, melt, and exhibit it warm, by this means all the Vifcera or Bowels will be effeCtually cleared of the Poyfon, then give to the Patient Goats Milk, or Mead, or Honied Water, or Pine Kernels with fweet Wine, or if thefe be not at Hand, give Femmél, or Dill, or Caraway Seed in Pouder, Nettle Seed, or Seed of Mustard or Radifhes in Wine; ba eng SS in ea do all help to free them from the danger, and reitore : them £0 their due Temper again; laitly, being put of HENBANE White. to Bed give two or three Drams of Mutbridate or Venice Treacle in a Glafs of Canary, cover them down watm, and let them reft upon it.
the Kolin burns the Fumes go up the Funnel into the Mouth, and the Seeds burft, and the very imall bits of the Lute String fall into the Water, which feem to move or ftir themfelves, wheteby the lookers on think them to be live Worms come out fiom the Teeth and Gums, whereas in truth they are nothing but thefe bits of Lute String mixed and blended with the Rofin juft fallen down by means of the Fire, for it is the property of thofe Lute Sirings, that feeling the heat of the Fire, and alfo falling into warm Wa- ter, to feem to ftir and to move about in the Water as if they were alive. :
C HA P. CCCLXI
I. HE Names. vis called in Greek, *Tornvau@-
wate: in Latin, Hyofcyamus albus, and in
Engl; XXVI. A Hiftory. Parkinfon gives a Relation mali, Wise Aaarsne:
of one who digging up fome Par/nep Roots in a Garden, by chance alfo dug up fome enbane Roots which grew among them, they being both very like one another, as is before related; thefe Henbane Roots were boiled with the Parfneps, and dreffed with them, and they were eaten at Supper; the Perfon who gave the relation hereof faid that he eat of them , and was prefently after very dry, and the drought was fo great, that nothing he could take would quench it, his Tafte was depraved, and his relith of things was taken away; fuddenly alfo his Sight was troubled, fo that he could not difcern things as they were, but as if they were three or four fold; his Usine was alfo quite ftopped, fo that notwithftanding he had a great defire to make Wa- ter, yet it was wholly obftru€ted; in this faid Con- dition he continued for moft part of the Night, nei- ther could he reft or fleep being in Bed, but his Urine, by the ftoppage thereof, grew fo hot within him, that it added much to his Grief; at length he bethought himfelf of a Medicine, which was good againft the Stone, it was a Pouder, he prefently took it, and it caufed him to make Water, and thereby he felt incredible eafe in his whole Body, for all things which he had taken before did him no good, but by this means he quickly recovered his Sight, and the other Symptoms vanith’d, and by Morning he was very well: The Servants alfo who did eat of this MefS were Diftemper'd, fome more, fome lef, ac- cording to their fein and the ftrength of their habit of Body, or Conftitution, operating together.
XXVIL. An Obfervation. Mountebanks and Quack-Salvers pretend to cure the Toothach with the Fumes of the burned Seed, and to bring many
Il. The Kinds. There are feveral forts, as 1. Hys Coe albus, (fo called by all Authors) White
enbane, and this is ayes the greater kind, for Baubinus makes two of them. 2. Hyofcyamus albus minor, The leffer white Henbane: whether they be One and the fame Plant (as Parkinfon fays they are ) is hard to determine, fince difference in Soil may make a very fenfible difference both in Growth and Magnitude : however with Bawbinus we fhall here admit them to be two ; and fo Fobnfon upon Ge- rard allows them. 3. qlee: Creticus ,; Hyof= amus albus Creticus, White Henbane of Candy ; faft upon a ftick, with a great many fimall bits of] and this C/ufiws makes to be twofold, as alfo does v e Lute String, which being mixed with the} Baxbinus, which are a greater and a leffer, tho’ Par- Rofin, and fixed on the ftick, with the Seeds after- | Ainfon will have them to be but one, and this larger wards, while the Rofin is hot, as the Rofiny {tick |fort is that which he thinks to be the Myo/cyamus - jg then kindled and burs, melting the Rofin, and as | Lutews Diofcoridis : but thefe in their Figure and yp od ' Quu2 Deicription
fron whom they would get Money, caufé the Pati- ents to hold their Mouths over a Bafon or Bowl of
516 : Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. L
LLL, Defcription are much different. 4. Hyo/cyamus albus \the Black Henbane, faving that thefeare not fo cold Creticus Clufij, Hyofcyamus albus Creticus alter, The |as thofe, as not exceeding the third Degree.
other white Henbane of Candy ; and this is that which is defcribed by Fobn/on in his Gerard. X. Nota. The Black Henbanes are both account- ed to be more dangerous than the White, and there- TIL The Defcriptions. The firft, or White Hen- | fore to be avoided as much in inward Medicines as bane, ( which is che greater kind) has a Root which\ may be, unlefs adminiftred by a skilful Hand, or ex- as not much unlike to that of the Common Henbane, min the cafe of Neceflity, when the Wbite is not but lefer, and perifbes every Year after it bas given\tobehad. The White is chiefly to be ufed in inter- Seed: this has divers large Leaves, but not fo large] nal Phyfick , and is very available for all the good as the Common, yet more {oft and woolly ; and tho’ | Intentions which the B/ack are faid to be ufeful for, very much torn in or jagged on the edges, yet not| and therefore to be chofen. fo much as the former, fomething rounder alfo, and . of a paler green color: the Stalks grow higher, and with fewer Branches on them. The Flowers are in Form like to the Vulgar, but fimaller, and of a pale color, enclining to a whitifh yellow :. the likewife grows in fiuch like hard Husks, but lefs rickly, and is whiter, but the Smell of the whole lant is nothing fo foporiferous, offenfive and heady as the firft kind in the former Chapter.
IV. The fecond, or Leffer white Henbane. This differs not much in the Root, Stalk, Branches, or manner of Growing from the former White Henbane, but that it feems to be every ways lefs : the Leaves alfo, as they are fmaller, (‘ they are much rounder, having indented Scallops upon them, and hanging upon doc long Foot-ftalks. The Flowers and Seed-Veffels are very like to thofe laft defcribed in the former Se€tion. be
V. The third, or White Henbane of Candy, bas a Root which is fomewhat thick and fhort, like a Na- vew Root, dying with us every Year.-> \t has leffer and thinner Leaves than the firlt White, more white and woolly, and much more cut in on the edges, dented alfo, and ftanding upon longer Foot-fta The Stalks are more tender and fhort, having fuch like Flowers, ending in full round Leaves, ftanding higher above the Husks, of a fair yellow, and fome- times of a pale yellow color, and purple at the bot- tom. -After which (being paffed away ) there comes forth Heads of Seed much like the Common kind, but fomewhat yellower, or of a lighter color, and in rounder Heads or Husks. ;
VI. The fourth, or Other white Henbane of Can- dy. It has a Root which is fufficiently thick and large, with many bibres or Strings adjoining to it. This is a fofter arid tenderer Plant than the fecond or third before defcribed ; the Leaves alfo hang upon long Foot-ftalks, and are covered-over with a foft Dow- ninefS, and. they are fomewhat broader than the fe- cond above, and more finuated, “and fomewhat re- femble the Form of a Vine Leat, being alfo fhipped or notched about the edges. The Stalks are alfo covered with a white.color. . The Flowers are of a Gold yellow, with a Velvet kind of Circle in their middle. This is the Defcription of that which C/z- fius had from his Friend Fagues Plateau, who had the Plant in his Garden, growing from the Seed which he received from Candy.
C HA P. CCCLXIL
of HENBIT, OR, oi CHICKWEED bhyrleaved.
ay i HE Names. It has no known Greek Name, but it is called in Latin, Hederacea, Alfine Hederula, Morfus Gailine , and in Englifh, Henbit, or Ivy-leav’d Chickweed. :
Il. The Kinds. There are two Kinds hereof, viz. 1. Hederacea major, Alfine Hederula major, Alfine Hederule folio major, Alfine folio Hederule “ Lobelij, Morfus Galline major, The greater Henbit. 2. Hederacea minor, Alfine folto bederule minor, E- latine prior Thalij €% Lugdunenfis, Alfine fpuria prior Dodonai, Alfine Hirfuta Camerarij, Centuncu- lus birfutior Cafalpini, Alfine Hederacea minor, Morfus Galline minor, and Morfus Gallina hederu- le folio Lobelij, The \effer Henbit.
Hen bit of — | 4 Ground fe ‘caved Chickwveeo ,
y WW
rfid ae
Li . Ay
el)
S
<i? RZ
N
VII. The Places. The firft of thefe grow in Nar- bone in France, near the Sea fide. The fecond grows alfo in hot Climes, and where the firft of thefe grows. The third and fourth are Natives of Candy, and grow alfo in Spain : but all thefe kinds grow with us here in Exg/and only in Gardens.
Vill. Lhe Times. They all flower towards the latter part of Fuly, and alfo in Avguft , and their Seed is ripe in Ofober , but it does not often come NA to PerfeCtion with us, by reafon of the ColdnefS of _ NSS a ES ad ae rf
AX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and| TI. The Deferivti or Gt Virtues of thefe are exa€tly the fame with thofe of] bit. It has @ ea ‘6S ch is
Pa:
Z
Chap. 262.
friking ftreit into the Ground, and perifhes every dear. From this Root fpring forch feveral feeble Stalks, growing almolt uprighc, or a lictle enclining towards the Ground, having ac certain diftances fe- veral Joints thereon. The Leaves are of an A/ehoof or Ground Ivy Form, almoft round, and not much unlike thofe of the Dead Nett/e, they are a little dented in on the edges, of a dull green color, and fomewhat hairy, as the Stalks alfo are, which have at every Joint fiich round dented Leaves as grow be- low ; but whereas thofé which grow below, grow upon pretty long Foot-ftalks, thefe which grow higher at the Joints of the Leaves, are without Foot-ftalks, and encompafS the Stalk at their bot- toms. From the Bofoms of thefé Leaves, from the middle of the Stalk upwards, come forth flender blew Flowers, tending to purple, and hooded, not much unlike to thofe of Germander, or like thofe of the Small Dead Nettle, which being paft away {mall Seed follows after them in their places.
fmall aC N AL .
Hen bt or Tuy Vemuad ia LN Chickweed
_ IV. The fecond, or Small Henbit. It has. a Root which is fmall, and fibrous cr thready: ‘This Plant grows lower, and more leaning upon the Ground with its Stalks and Branches, which are fomewhat hairy, alfo fmall, and more tender than the former, with feveral Joints thereon; the Leaves are thin and haity, fomething broad, yet nothing fo large as thofe of the Greater , which very much refemble a Dead Nettle, or Ground-Ivy Leaf, whereas the Leaves of thefe are dented in with two gafhes in the fides , which makes them a little reprefent the Climbing Ivy, whence the Name in both of them, and in fome fort thefe Leaves refemble the back of a Bee when fhe flies; the Joints of the Stalks and Branches are fet alfo with two Leaves of like form at a Joint, e ven up to the tops of the fame; the Flowers grow at the tops, come forth alfo from the bottoms of the oat at the Joints, upon long Footftalks , confifting of five fmall, blew, round pointed Leaves; and the Seed is > Contained in little round
Engh/b Herbs.
Pd
V. The Places. Thefe Plants. grow, upon Hills and Mountains in feveral parts ot Ira/p, Spain, France, and Exgland, and | have found them growing alfo in the Hilly and Mountainous parts of florida, they grow in Fields alfo after the Corn is off, and in tome Gardens. ‘
VI. The Times. They both Flower'in Fuze and Fuly, and the Seed ripens in dugufls
VIL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of thefé are probably the fame with the other Chickweeds in Chap: 127. aforegoing, but other- wife Authors have faid nothing of them trom Expe- rience of what they may poffibly perform, but it is very likely, that being in tafte very much agreeing unto the common forts of Chickweed, their Qualities and Virtues may not be much differing.
HERBAGE. See — Chap. 327:
HERB GERARD. See Goxtwort. Sa ob
HERB CARPENTER. See Se/f-beal. p-
HERB BENNET. See Avens. Chap. 41.
HERB GRACE. See Rue. Chap.
HERBIVY. See Groundpine. ap. 330:
HERB PARIS. See Oneberry. Chap.
HERB TRINITY. See Hearts-Eafe. Chap. 346.
HERB TRUE-LOVE. See Oxeberry. Chap.
HERB TWO-PENCE. See: Moneywort. Chap.
HERB WILLIAM. See Bifhopfweed.. Chap. 74.
HERB WILLOW. See Looftrife. Chap.
HERCULES ALLHEAL, See Woeundwort Hercules: Chap.
CHA P. CCCLXIll. . of HERB CHRISTOPHER.
LF" HE Names. It tas no known Greek Name,
nor {carce any good Latine Name, but it is called by moft Authors Chriffophoriana, alfo Herba Chriftopbori ; © Santii Chriftophori, but for what caufe or refpe€t is not known, and in Englifh Herb Chriflopber. II. ‘The Kinds. Gerard fays, that tho’ this Plant be none of the Bizdweeds, or of thofé which have need of fupporting, fo as it might climb up upon any thing, yet becaufe it bears Grapes, or clufters of Berries, it might have been numbred among the”Au= mast, of Vine like Plants: There are two Kinds of this Herb, viz. 1. Chriflopboriana vulgaris , Our Common Herb Chriftopher. Lugdunenfis calls it Napellus Leucanthemos, fome Aconitum Bacciferum, others Napellus Racemofus, fome call it Coftus niger, but that is a vain Name; Pena and Lobe! almoft make it Adfea Plinij Lib. 7. Cop. 7. becaufe his AGea bears black Berries, but doubtlef§ Piny’s Adza is Ebu/us, which has 2 rough Stalk, whereas this has a fmooth; but Pawles /Fgineta interprets the Root of Adfea to be the Root of Sambucus: Baubi- nus calls it Aconitum Racemofum , fome call it Scro« phularia Chriftophori: Camerarius calls it Luparia, which isa kind of Wolfsbane, but Pérkinfen not finding therein by the tafte any pernicious quality , could not judge it to be any of thefe dangerous and pernicious Herbs. 2. Chriffophoriana Americana , Chriftophoriana Canadenfis, Chriftopboriana Ameri- cana vel Floridiana Baccis niveis €9 rubris; Facobus Cornutus in his Canadenfium Plantarum Hiftoria calls it by the Name Panaces xaenyor, five Racemofiem Ca- nadenfe'y
>
Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
VIL. As to the Qualities , Specification , Prepara- tions or Virtues of the firft we can fay little or no- thing, having had no experience thereof, and Authors are not agreed about them, fome, as Camerarius Lugdunenfis, and Gerard, taking it to be a kind o Aconitum, ot Wolfsbane, will have it to be of a per- nicious, poyfonous, and deadly quality, whereas Pena and Lobel feem to think otherwife; and Par- hinfon fays, that tho” man good Authors held it dangerous , yet he in his Talaunett could not think fo, not finding therein by the tafte any pernicious quality, as is before noted , and whereas it is report- ed that the Inhabitants of the Mountains and pee. where it grows do qecally hold it to be a moft dangerous and deadly Poyfon, both to Man and Beaft, and that they ufe to kill Wolves herewith, yet Par- kinfon does think that the Herb which thofe Inhabi- tants do think to be fo dangerous and Mortal, is the Aconitum Lycotlonum, or Lupicida, which grows in thofe places, and that it is not this Our Herb Chriflopber , but that thefe dangerous Qualities are
510 nadenfe, but why he calls it Pamax is very obfcure,
fince it is not manifeft that it is any Wound Herb; we in Englifh call it Herb Chriftopber of America.
II. The Defcriptions. The cht, or Our Com- mon Herb Chriftopher , bas at ick long Root, black without and yellowifh within, like Box, with feveral great Fibres or blackifh Strings eis thereunto, trailing and creeping far abroa in the Earth, by which it greatly increafes , not perifhing in the Win- ter, altho’ the Stalks and Leaves die awa yt Year, Srefh {pringing up again from the fame Root the next Spring , it firft fhoots forth divers green Stalks of Leaves half a Foot long, which are divided or made into three parts, and fometimes into five, the lower parts ftanding for the moft part one againft another, or not much diftant, and the other at the end of the Stalk, each of thefe parts confifts of three Leaves, feparate afunder, ftanding upon {mall Foorftalks, which Leaves are fomething broad , and ending ina
joint, fome of them cut in on the edges more deep-
y, and all of them dented about the edges, of a fad go se it purely g a miftake. green color; from among thefe Leaves rife up feve- . As tothe Qualities and Virtues of the fe- ral fomewhat weak, fmooth, and round Stalks, half ond, American Herb Chriftopher, the faid Faco-
a Yard or two Feet high, yet not bending, but ftand- ing upright , having three or four fuch like Leaves thereon as grew below, but with fhorter Foorftalks; at the ps of the Stalks ftand a Tuft or Buth of white Flowers, every one confifting of five {mall Leaves, with many whitifh Threads in the middle, after which, when fallen, come finall round Berries, | ~
us Cornutus fays that it is eaten fami both b the Natives and by the Kreach which inhabit in thoke ec ee etb, and I my felf who have been in thofe parts for fome Years, have féveral times eat- én of the Fruit without any danger.
C HA P. CCCLXIV. ‘\of HERB FRANKINCENSE
That the Leaves are of a light green color. 3. That Narrow Leav'd, the Flowers growing at the tops of the Stalks in fpokie Tufts, confift but of four little white Leaves OR,
ALLHEAL Fennel Leavd.
I. HE Names. It is called in Greek Atavais , 3 aon in <7 Libanotis Ar fifo in
ngli rb Frankincenfe narrow or Fennei Leav'd Allbeal. "The Arabians call it Xair Almari-
ani, Afpinaifach, Calchata, or Cachola. Il. tbe : inds of Herb "deleribe the
adjoining to it, it fhoots forth in the Spring many reddifh Stalks, about a Foot high, with feveral Leaves thereon, divided into many parts, fomewhat refembling the former, but larger, rougher, and of a fadder green color, at the tops whereof ftand a large ‘Tuft of white Flowers, compofed in a manner whol- ly of Threads, yet if they be more nearly viewed , there will appear for every Flower fix {mall white Leaves, with their Threads in the middle, encompaf- fing a round green Button, which coming to maturi- ty is either white , with a purplifh tip, ftanding on a {hort Foorftalk, or wholly reddifh, 1 found many of them in Carolina, but the Berries were of fo deep a ved as they feem’d to be black, and when dead ripe were indeed perfettly black.
V. The Places. The firft grows generally in the Woods or Mountains which are fomewhat open, and not too much fhadowed, and other like places, as well in England as other Countries; it grows in the North parts of this Land, near unto the Houfe for- merly Sir IVi/liam Bowes, alfo Gerard fays he had it growing and flourifhing in his Garden, being Plants Suhich he received from Robinus of Paris; I alfo once found it growing near Forty Years agone in Hornfey-Wood: The fecond grows both in ours and the French Plantations in Florida, as thofe of Caro- os
Jina, and Canada, and that in much plenty. VI. The Times. ‘They Flourifh and Flower in the’ e,
end of May, alfo in Fune and Fuly , and the Fruit | Wort of Efculapius. 3. Panax Afclepinm 0
is ripe in Fu/y and Auguft. | Panaces Afclepium Lugdunenfis, orum
The Kinds. There are many Frankincéenfe in Authors, we fhall on following principal Kinds, viz. 1. ano ftifolia, Narrow eav'd Herb Frankincenft in this prefent Chapter. 2. Libanotis Latif Leav’d Hetb Frankineenfe, or Frankincenfe of which in the next o—
Ill. Ibe Kinds of the Narrow Leav'd Herb Fran-
whch Brad
being chief, viz. 1. Libanati dis, Theopbrafti, Galeni, (whofe Seed cbrys, or Canchrys, as it is in fome of its fiery tafte) It is the Libanotis Cach merarij , Cachrys vera vel verior Lobelij, Libanott Galeni, Libanotis Candida Cafalpini , Fennel Leavd Hetb Frankincenfe, AS for Kéxevs, vel Keynievs i . ye
iy
Chap. 364.
Englifo Herbs. 519
Afclepium primum Libanotidi fecunde fimilis Baubi-} ed two and two together, as is very ufual in mort
ai, Matthiolus his Efculapius Allheal , or Wound- Wort. 4. Panax Afclepium Apulum Columne , Pa- nax Semine Foliofo Baubini, Co\umna his Efculapius Allheal , or Woundwort of Naples. 5. Panax A/- élepium Anguilare & Camerarij, Libanotis fecunda Tabernamontani,. Libanotis nigra Cefalpini, Camera- rius his Herb Frankincenfe Fennel Leav’d, or Efcula- ius his Allheal of Candy. 6. Libanotis minor Um- ella candida, Laibanotis Septentrionslium Herbario- rum Lobelij, Libanotis minima Lugdunenfis , Small. Fennel Leav’d Herb Frankincenfé, or Allheal. 7. Libanotis Ferulacea Germanica, Thalius in his Har- cynia Sylva calls it Libanotis vagduniudes, German Fennel Leav’d Herb Frankincenfe, or Allheal.
SYN a AN Nile NY KAA"
HerbFranki
texnel leaved?
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Fennel Leav’d Herb Frankincenfe. It has a Root which grows deep, and f{preads much, and with many Branches fixes it Self in the Ground, larger than a great Parfnep at the top, and white both on the outfide and on the infide, with a Pith in the middle, but it is fo brittle, that you muft handle it very tenderly if you defire not to break it, and when cut or broken it fends forth a clammy pale Fuice, of an odoriferous, fharp, piercing Smell, not much unlike to that of Limons, and endures in the Earth many Years; from the head of this Root fhoot feveral bufhy, great, reddifh Stalks of Leav of a frefh green color, being fomething thicker an longer than thofe of the Ferz/a, and fhorter than thofe of Peucedanum, or Hog-Fennel, yet often and in many places fet three together, of a quick aroma- tick fmell , coming fomewhat near to that of a Li- mon; ftom among thefe Leaves rifes up (fometimes, but not every Year with us in England) a good large Stalk, but neither fo great nor half fo high as the Feru/a, not much exceeding a Yard in height, nor much higher than the Stalks with Leaves, spreading it felf out into very many Ramifications or Branches,
Ferulous Plants, which makes one fide flat, the fma Fooritalk of the Leaves running up between, and i® faid to be Cauftick, or burning, for which reafon the Name K#yxeus, Cancbrys, is given to it: This, as it is a rare, fo it is a moft excellent, goodly, and no- ble Plant, of a vaft value in many Cafes.
V. The fecond, or Lobel his Fennel Leav’d Herb Frankincenfe. It bas a Root which is fmall, and not growing deep into the Ground, nor abides after it bas given Seed, its fmell and tafte not being much re= finous or foarp; this Plant grows nothing fo high or great as the Feru/a, but with fine Leaves like un- to it, and at the tops of all the Branches Umbles of yellow Flowers, but the Seed which follows is broad, not fo fimall as Fenne/, but mote like to that of the Ferula, of a little quick or brisk tafte and fmmell.
VI. The third, or Matthiolus his Efculapius All- heal. Its Root like to the laft is fmall, but no ways anfwerable to a Ferula;, the whole Plant is tefS than Ferula, the Stalks are not fo large nor fo tall, the Leaves are finer, fmaller, and fhorter than thofe of that Plant, the Umble of Flowers is finaller alfo, and the Seed. leffer in proportion to all the reft of its
arts.
VU. The fourth, or Columna his Efculapius or Woundwort of Naples, It bas a fmall flender Root, with a bufh of bairs at the sop, of the bignefs of ones Thumb, with a thickrugged Bark, of a whitifh yellow color on the outfide, and a fpungy, white, ada woody Pith within , full of a clammy white Milk, bardning quickly into a Gum, which is bitter and fharp in tafte and unpleafant , but yet aromatical; the Stalks o Leaves which are fpread next the Ground in a round form at head of the Root are cut into feveral long hairs, as it were thick fet together , fomewhat like unto Common Yarrow, and hairy withal, which is not feen in the other Kinds, or rather like unto Fennel Leaves, but bigger, having feven winged Leaves fet on a pretty large Stalk, five bigger and two fimaller, which are next the hairy Stalk, being green at the firft, but changing yellow when it grows towards Flowering, which with the Leaves is about half 2 Yard long; ftom among thefe Stalks of Leaves rifes up but one main Stalk, which is flender, and about two or three Feet high fometimes, having fome Joints, but no Leaves thereon to the very top, where ufually grow but one or two finall Tufts or Umbles of yellow Flowers, but {pread a little largely , and growing clofer and rounder as it turns to Seed, which are flat, and winged on both fides, two growing to- gether, as is ufual in all other Umbelliferous Plants; whereon, as alfo on the Stalk, is often founda fweet fmelling Gum, as clear as Turpentine, or Gum Ara- bick, which will fcarcely diffolve in Water without heat; the like alfo is taken from the Root cut in pieces, but it is yellower, becaufe it muft be forced out by the Fire. Co/umna fays that this Panax Aj- clepium is the trueft.of any which has been deftribed by any other Author, and that it grows frequently in Apulia, anfwering in every part the Defcriptions thereof in Diofcorides and Theopbraftus.
VIIL. The fifth, or Camerarius his Herb Frankin- cenfe Fennel Leav’d, or Efculapius his Allheal of Candy. It has Roots like the former, and rifes u with a round Fennel like Stalk fix or feven Feet bigh, or more, with feveral Joints thereon, divided into Branches of Leaves, larger than Fenme/, and fimaller than Feru/a, of a dark green color on the upper fide, and of a blewifh green underneath, with large Um- bles of yellow Flowers at the tops, which being paft
which at their tops bear Umbles of yellow Flowers, | away will turn into broad, flat, winged Seed, of a
which pee pal away are followed by a good large fort of whitith yellow Seed, round, and a little long withal, fomewhat ctefted on the outfide, being join-
refinous fell and tafte, the Leaves being much more. ‘mild, and yielding a whitifh Milk, nothing fo hot or ftrong in fell as Feru/a.
IX. The
4
Kincenfe, or Allheal. It has a great and white Root, divided into feveral Branches, and with a bufh of bairs above; it is a {mall Herb, and has divers Leaves lying upon the Ground , much cut and divided into longer parts than Peucedanum, or Hogs-Fennel, and narrower than Our green Englifh Saxifrage, the Stalk has but few Joints, and Leaves on them, bear- ing {mall Umbles of white Flowers, like Meum, or Spignel, which being paft away leave {mall Seed af- ter pies almoft like the Seed of Ammi, or Bifhopf- weed.
X. The feventh, or German Fennel Leay’d Herb Frankincenfé. It bas a blackifh long Root , as thick as ones Finger, full f a refinous Fuice, fharp, end well fmelling, fet with a bufh of hairs at tbe top, from whence fpring Stalks of fine Fennel like Leaves, but fhorter than they, the Stalk rifes to be a Foot and half high, _on the tops of which ftand bowing white {weet iimelling Flowers. There is of this a leffer fort alfo, differing nothing from it but in its univer- fal fallnefS.
fed Tie Plces. The fi fix Kinds have been ound growing in untries, as ici Candy a France , Florida €c. the feventh in rd in Germany ; | know not that grow wild eerie , but with us aré only up in Gar-
_ XIL The Times, They all Flower in Fuly and Auguft if the Year sis feafonable, and their Seed comes to ripenefS in Augu/t and September.
XII The Qualities hey are faid to be hot and dry in the fecond d Aperitive, Abfterfive, Di-
ia Difcuffive, Diuretick , Traumatick, Cepha-
eurotick, Stomatick, Arthritick, Sudorifick, and Sc aa Sewer ; <a XIV. The Specification. They conglutinate fimple green Wonnds, digeft, cleanfe, incarnate, and heal old Ulcers and —— and eafe' pain in any part, proceeding ftom Blows, Falls, Strains, or cold moift Humors., © ee XV. The. Preparations. You may have here. from, 1. The green Leaves bruifed. 2. Green Root bruifed. 3. Juice of: the Herb.and Root. 4. An Effence of the fame. 5. A Decottion or lifichon in Wine of Herb and Root. 6. AVinegar of the Seed. 7. A Pouder of the Root. 8. A Pouder of the Seed. 9. A Pouder of the Seed Canchrys. 10. An Eleétu- ery. 11. An Oil of the Seed by Infufion. 12. An Ointment of Root and Herb. 13. A Balfam of Root and Herb. 14. A Cataplafm of the Seed. 15. A Diftilled Water. 16. An Acid TVinéure of Root and Herb. 17. An Acid Tintture of the Seed Canchrys. 18. A Spirituous Tinture of Root and Herb. . 19. An Oily Tinflure of Root and Herb. 20, A: Saline Tindure of the fame.
The Virtues.
KVL. The green Leaves braifed. Being applied Diofcorides fays that they ftay the bleedings of the Hemorrhoidal Veins, and eafe the heat and inflama- tion and {welling of the Fundament,; they do‘alfo digeft the Kernels of the Kings-Evil, and Apoftems in any part of the Body, tho” hard to be cured.
XVI. The green Root bruifed. Vf it is-applied to Wounds of any kind , efpecially to fimple green Wounds, it quickly heals them ; if it is not prefent-
applied it then caufes digeftion, then cleanfes and
eals,
» KVUOL The Juice of the Herb or Root. ‘Taken inwardly to two, three, or four Spoonfils in Wine or other proper Vehicle twice a day, it heals all in- ‘ward Wi and Bruifes; mixed with Honey and
520 Salmon’s Herbal.
\X. The fixth, or Small Fennel Leav’d Herb Fran-| anointed on the Eyes, it clears and {harpens the Sighr, .
Lib. I.
takes away Mifts , Clouds, or any thing which is growing over the Eyes, and heals Wounds and Ul- cers in the fame.»
XIX. The Effence of the fame. It has all the Vir. tues of the Juice,! befides which, being taken inward- ly, it difpofes ill conditioned Wounds, old Ulcers and Fiftula’s to a rc yi healing , let them be in what part of the Body foever ; Weunds and old U1- cers being alfo outwardly wafh’d with the fame it cleanfés, incarnates, dries, and heals them.
XX. The Decottion. At has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, if itis made in Wine and fweet- en’d with-Honey , it makes a good Gargle to heal a fore or ulcerated) Mouth. and Throat, -alfo fore and ulcerated Eyes.
XXI. The Vinegar of ile Seed. Ufed as a Loti- on it cleanfes the Skin from Pimples, Freckles, Scurf, Morphew, “Leprofie, Tettars, Ringworms, Scabbi- nefS, and other like deformities of the fame. ,
XXII. The Pouder of the Root. If it is mixed with Honey and applied, or anointed, or put into the Eyes, it clears from any pr Be may grow on them or offend them, heals Wounds or ifs in them, and quickens or fharpens the Sight ; being taken alfo a a Glaf§ of Wine trom half a Dram toa Dram, Morning and Night for fome con- fiderable time, it does the fame thing, it provokes . Urine and Womens Courfes, and it helps alfo thofe who have the Falling-Sicknefs, or have an old pai in the Stomach, Liver, or Spleen, and if it is given with an equal quantity oF Segees ot ieee und profitable “ay the Kings-Evil. '
XXIII. Pouder of the Seed. Given to a Dram in White Port Wine it opens obftructions of the Reins and Ureters, and provokes Urine and the Terms, it A ay Wind, ftrengthens and fortifies the Stomach, png and is good againft the de- leterious quality of the Biting of Dogs, Ser- pents,, &%c. being put into Ulcers it cleanfes, dries, and healsthem. “0 © .
XXIV. The Pouder of the Seed Cachrys or Can- chrys.:' By reafon of its burning property Anthors do not advife to give it inwardly , or they fay it is too fharp, and will exafperate the Throat: Diofco- rides fays it is of a heating and mighty — ty, and therefore is good to be put into Wathbalks,, or fuuch things as cleanfe the Skin; but if the whole Seed is infufed twenty four Hours in Vinegar, dried again, and then beaten into Pouder, it then may be given inwardly , and has all the Virtues of the former, exhibited in the fame Dofe and. mv XXV. The Ee It is maa of equal part
XXV. The Elefluary. It is made a. of the Pouder of the Rove and Seed, mixed with a half part of Nutmegs in Pouder, and eighth'part of Cloves. and a fixteenth part of Pepper in fine Pouder, and made up with a treble proportion of clarified Honty. It isa te Stomatick, prevalent againft the in a cold habit of Body;' ftrengthens the Tone of the Stomach, caufesa Appetite’ and Digeftion, ftrengthens the Head and Brain, clears and 1 nS the Eyefight, and: provokes the Terms in Women. Dofe one or two’ Drams in a GlafS of Wine Mort- in ~ oe ht. if B J boiling.
. Ihe Oil of the Seed by infufion or voiimg-
Being anointed upon the parts fa Se it is faid to
help fuch as are Burften, and to cure Cramps, Com
vulfions, Pains, Aches, Lamenef$, and the Gout
XXVII.°The Ointment of the Root and Herb. Tt digefts and ripens Tumors, cleanfés, incarnates, at and heals Wounds and Ulcers, confolidates Frattures and ftrengthens the Nerves, Tendons, and Ligaments in Diflocations; iv alfo eafés pain in any part Deim anointed on the place. 8 ae
XXVINL The
a
XXVIII. The Balfam of Root and Herb. It isa moft admirable Vulnerary, not inferior to any made of Prunella, or Self-heal, All-beal, or any of the Woundworts, it digefts contufed or. otherwife com-
licated green Wounds and Phagedenick or eating
Bees and cleanfes them, and if there is a want of
-Filefh it admirably incarnates, dries, and heals them;
it is good alfo againft ftetting and running Cankers,
weeealss Pufhes, and the like breakings out of the in. :
XXIX. The Cataplafm of the Seed. Take Pouder of the Seed, Darnel Flower, of each a like quantity , Vinegar a fificient quantity , to make-tt into @-Cata- plafm. Being applied it difcuffes fimple Contufions, and prevails againft Sca Riples, Wheals, Her Scurf; Morphew, Leprofie, difcolorirtgs of the Skin, and other defcedations.
XXX, Toe Diftited Water. It, has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Decoftion, or Infufion of the Herb and Root, but much lefS efficacious, and is chiefly ufed as a Vehicle to convey fome of the a- foregoing or following internal Preparations down into the Body. >
XXXI. The Acid Tinéture of Root and Herb. It
- refifts orion, and the Plague, and all forts of Ma- - lign and Peftilential Difeafes, it prevails againft the bitings of Spiders, as the Tarantula, of Mad Dogs, Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, and other Serpents, as alfo the biting or ftinging of any venomous Creature; it
is prevalent alfo againft all hot and burning Fevers , | /ia,
521
CHAP. CCCLXV.
Of HERB FRANKINCENSE Broad Leav'd, ip aman eps Frankincenfe AL LHEAL.
LS’ HE Names. It is called in Greek Asbarens
BL aaardquaan, in Latine Libanotés Latifolia,and
in Englifh Broad Leav'd Herb Frankincenfe, or Broad Leav’d Frankincenfe Allheal. iret Il. The Kinds. . This is the fecond Species of the Generick Kind, and is fourfold, viz. 1. Libanotss major Theopbrafti, Libanotis Pgs prima Theophra- fti Lib. 9. Cap. 2. Sefeli ZEt Soh Herba Dodonet, sell prima Tragi, Dauci alterum genus Fuchfij, urneri, Lugdunenfis, The Greater White Herb Frankincenfe. 2. Libanotis Theophrafti minor, Li- banotis fertilis fecunda Theopbrafti, The Leffler White Herb Frankincenfe. 3. Libanotis Apij Folia Cretica Theopbrafti, Siler Creticum, & Libanotis vera Theo- brafti, Camerarij, The trueft Herb Frankincenfe of Theo hraftus. 4. Libanotis Aquilegie Folio Latifo- & eli i alterum, Columbine Leav’d €
it quenches Thirft, extinguifhes the heat, and de- | Herb Frankincenfe.
ftroys the Febritick Ferment. Dofe from ten drops to
forty, fifty, or fixty, in any proper Vehicle, and ac-|
XXXII. The Acid Tinfure of the Seed Canchrys, It is Stomachick, caufes good Appetite and Digelti- on, refifts Plague and Poyfon, opens obftructions of Stomach and Lungs, takes away HoarfenefS and Wheezing, and thereby caufes free refpiration or breathing; it has all the Virtues of the Tin€ture in the formerSetion, and is to be taken in the fame Dofe and manner.
XXXII. The Spirituoys Tinfure of Root and Herb. It is prevalent againft Poyfon, expels Wind, and gives prefent eafe in the Colick and Gripings of the Guts from cold, crude, and fharp Humors, it
rovokes Sweat, and is good againft the Plague or
eftilence, expelling the malignity thro’ the Pores of the Skin; being taken in Wine it is good againft the bitings of poyfonous Serpents, provokes Urine, and facilitates the Birth of Wumen in Labor. Dofe from one Dram to two or three Drams in Wine.
XXXIV. The Oily Tinéture of Root and Herb. Outwardly applied it eafes the Gout, and all exter- nal pains proceeding from cold, {training of the part, Blows, Falls, or the like, it gives eafe in Cramps and Convulfions, and very much ftrengthens the parts weaken’d by thofe Difeafes; it is alfo prevalent 1 the Palfie, being anointed upon-the Vertebra of the Back, and alfo upon the part afflicted.
XXXV. The Saline Tinéure. It is of great ufe againit Freckles , Lentils, Sunburning , Tanning of the Skin, black and blew Marks, Scurf, Morphew, and other like defilements thereof.
cording to thie quantity of the wa it is taken in.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The fr/?, or Greater White Herb Frankincenfe, bas a Root which grows great and long, whitifh on the outfide, with a Tuft of hair at the top, abiding long, and having a flrong mell and tafte, like the Roots of many other Umbel- liferows Plants; from this Root {pring forth many great long Stalks, with wings of large broad Leaves, {ome eight Inches long apiece, and almoft four Inches broad, five being fer together, two and two, one againtt another, and one at the end, three or four
fomewhat hard in handling, of an overworn greenifh color, and a little dented about the edges, among which rifes up a round {trong Stalk, oftentimes four or five Feet high, having fuch like Leaves on the Joints, but fewer, and lefler than grow below, and a few Branches rifing from the upper Joints, bearing large {pread Umbles of whitifh Flowers, after which comes fomewhat flat and round light Seed, two of them joined together, white on that fide where it is joined, and ftraked with rough crumpled ftrakes on the back or round fide, and of a pale brown color when it is ripe, burt a little purplifh below.
IV. The eekd. or Leffer White Herb Frankin- cenfe, has a Root not mich unlike the former, white, but more bitter than it, tris agrees with the former in the fhape or form of the Leaves, Flowers, Seeds, and fhape of the Roor, but that they are all lefS, and the number of the Leaves are more, fet together on every Stalk, being alfo more deeply dented about the edges: There is another fore of this Plant, which Baubinus calls Libanotis Lat:folia minor Semine crif=
0, which differs only. in having fewer Leaves on the Saks, altho’ as fimall, and but one or two deep cuts on the edges.
V. The third, or Trueft Herb Frankincenfé of Theophraftus, has a Root which is covered with a blackifh Bark, and very white underneath, {melling Rrong, like Frankincenfe, from which fprings up a Sralk about a Foor and halt high, divided into fome Branches, with Leaves fet {paringly both below and above, fomething refembling Sma//age for the large- nefs of the Leaves, and dented about the edges, bear-
: Xxx lng
Inches broad below , and fmaller to the end , being --
Se
i =e
eo Ta Oe ee
8 ee eh ie
" ~~ ee
a a a ce a > 522 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1. with Darnel Meal and a little Vinegar, and applied, gives eafe in the Gout, Cramps, and Convulfions, and takes away Scurf or Morphew, Leprofie, and any difcoloring of the Skin. XIV. The Poxder of the Root. Ufed either alone by it felf, or mixed with Honey and applied, it throughly cleanfes foul Ulcers, and heals them, and is of extraordinary ufe in curin Fiftula’s, more ef- pecially if Pouder of Tobacco about a third part be added thereto.
ing white Flowers, and large, rough, crooked , brownifh Seed, having a pretty {trong {mell. _ VL The fourth, or Columbine Leav'd Herb Fran- kincenfe, bas a thick, rough, fibrous, brown Root , with « white Pith ia the middle, fmelling fomewhat Srocet, but bitter in tafte, having ¢ Tuft of blackifb Hairs at the top; from this rife feveral Leaves up- on long Footftalks, broad, and hollow at the bottom, like a skinny Husk, oy ale one another, as thofe do alfo on the upper Stalks, they are hard in hand- ling, yet of a fhining dark green color above:, and whitifh underneath, with feveral purplifh Veins run- -ning thro’ them, not all of them divided like unto Columbine Leaves , but of them parted into five Leaves, with three divifions apiece, others into three Leaves, each ftanding on a Stalk, ftraked with P le, rifing up above four, or almoft five Feet “high, with feveral Joints thereon , and branched to- wards the ais bearing every one a large Umble of
Ss Pe ra
CHAP. CCCLXVL of HERB MASTICH,
So Seed, esa maa ; ‘et rg baw ei OR, b of a purplith color, a li e bitter, hot, L drawing Water into the Mouth if it is a little MAR U M.
} chewed therein, being alfo fomewhat fweet of {mell.
| VII. The Places. ‘The firft two forts are found . in many places in Germany, and parts near a oining, the third is a Native of Candia, and the laft is faid to come out of Athiopia, but they are all of them now made free Denizons of England, by being plant-
ed and nurs’‘d up in our, Britifh Gardens. VIIL The Times. The two firft Seed with us wn, viz. about Fuly
i
ae HE Names. t is called in Greek Magi
Latine Marum, from Maron, a certain
= Thracia , ig is faid to ao found pi out , ae Amaraco per Apocopen, utpote cum maract Spe-
cies ner toh 3 Marum, in Englifh Herb Maftick, 0
Maftich, alfo Marum.
Yearly after they are well gr and Axguft, but the two laft very feldom, unlefs the Year proves hot and very kindly. TK. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of thefe are the fame with thole of the Az- guftifolia, or Narrow Leav'd in the former Chapter, to which we refer he yet thefe being pesmi Traumaticks or Vulneraries, and of an extreamly mol- lifying and digefting power, we {hall make thefe fol- lowing farther Obfervations concerning the fame.
X. The Liquid Fuice, or Effence. They ate good againft Chronick Difeafes of the Breaft and Lungs, and prevail againft the Epilepfie and Jaundice, more efpecially if a little Pepper in fine Pouder is added, and fo given in Wine, given in Poffet-Drink they in- creafe Milk in Nurfes Breafts, and eafe pains in the Stomach and Belly proceeding from fharp Humors or Wind; they are alfo good againft Poyfon, and the hitings of Mad Dogs, Venomous Beafts, and Serpents, or the ftinging of Scorpions, they provoke Urine powerfully, and the Courfes, being ftopt; the juice of the Leaves and Roots clears the Eyefi t, ‘and fharpens it, and diverts the Rheum which falls into the Eyes, by ftrengthning the parts, being dropt into the Eyes, and Cloths dipt therein and applied over the Forehead and Eyebrows.
KI. The Decottion in Wine. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but much weaker, and therefore may be given in a greater Dofe, as from four to fix Ounces; it is highly Traumatick or Vul- nerary, and may be ufed Dietetically, as well as out- wardly to wafh any Sore, Wound, or Ulcer there-
EZ ws
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~ ai oe
t} K~ Te —<ys A Vy;
Ww =
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Te
with.
Xl. The Balam or Ointment. They cure Wounds| Ul. The Kinds. Some Authors will have it to be
and Ulcers after an admirable manner, and if a little| a Species of Marjoram, others a Species of Lhyme,
Pouder of Birthwort Root, or of Tobacco be added | others again make it a middle Plant between them
to them, they do wonders in thefe kinds of Cures ,| both, it feems to me to be rather a particular of its
beyond expreffion. own Kind; there are three Species hereof, vis. Is XIII. The Cataplafm of the bruifed Leaves. Be-| Marum vulgare, Clinopodium Camerarij , Dodonat,
ing applied it ftops bleeding in any part, and cures Gefneri, Tragoriganum primum Clufij , Sampfuchus
the Hemorrhoids or Piles, removes the heat, and| Diofcoridis Clufij , Helenium odorum Theop raflt,
difeuffes the tumor or fwelling of the Fundament , | Common Herb Maftich. 2. Marum fupinum Lobes
bringing the fame (if Nature intends it) to a fpeedy | 77, Maerum ex Sicilia allatum Cafalpini, Marum ve we
maturity or tipenefs, the Cataplafn being made | pens verticillatum Baubini, Amaracus ferpens, SP” uf
™% oa (a
Chap. 266. ing Herb Maftich. 3. Marum Syriacum Lobelij, Do- donai, Tabernamontani, Marum Cereal Alpini ,
Majorana Syriaca, vel Cretica Baubini, Syrian or Candy Marum, or Herb Mattich.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common Herb Maftich, bas @ fibrous or thready Root , which fends up greater and more woody Stalks than any of the Marjorams, it rifes up to be two Feet or more high in fome places, where the Ground is agreeable to it, and the Air warm and clear, it branches it felf out on all fides towards the upper parts, leaving the Stem bare below, if it is old, otherwife if it is young, thinly furnifhing the Branches from the bot- tom with fmall green Leaves, larger than the Leaves of any Thyme, and near to the largenefs of the Leaves of Marjoram Gentle, at the tops of the Branches ftand {mall Flowers on a Head, which afterwards turn into a loofe Tuft of a long, white, hoary fub- ftance', like unto foft down, with fome Leaves un- der and about them, which abide not long on the Stalks, but are blown away with the Wind; the Seed is fo very fimall, that it is fcarcely to be obfer- ved; the whole Plant is of a {weet refinous fmell , ftronger than Marjoram, and abides our Winters if it is carefully planted and look’d after.
IV. The 2 ap , or Creeping Herb Maftich, bas a long flender Root , and fibrous withal, from whence Spring up hg head Jlender weak Stalks, not ftanding upright , but lying upon the Ground, therein refem- bling Wild Thyme rather than Sweet Marjoram or Herb Maftich, the Leaves are many, and fimaller than thofe of Mother of Thyme, growing at feveral diftances upon the Branches; the Flowers are {mall and purplifh, growing at the tops, with Leaves a- mong them, the fimell of which is vety {weet and ftrong, coming neareft unto Sweet Marjoram, and of a hot and bitter tafte.
V. The third, or Syrian, or Candy Herb Maftich, has avery fibrous, or thready Root, like unto the firft, from whence {pring up feveral upright Stalks, about halfa Yard high, not fo woody as the firlt Herb
53 Maftich, but more tender and flender, on which grow many fmall whitifh green Leaves, very like to the Small fine Sweet Marjoram, but fomewhat rougher up to the very tops, which bear finaller Heads or Knots than thofe of Sweet Marjoram, and white Flowers out cf them; all the Herb is of a moft fragrant. {weet fmell, which endures a long time after it has been dried; it is very tender to keep, and will not endure our cold Nights, which come in Augu/t, or September, but is quickly deftroy- ed by them. :
VI. The Places. ‘They all grow Wild on the Mountains of Spain, Candia, and Syria, but with us they are all nurs’d up in Gardens, the laft indeed with fome difficulty.
VII. The Times. They Flower about Augu/t-with us, and fometimes later, if the Summer Seafon
proves cold, and tlie Seed is perfected nor long
ter.
VIIL The Qualities. Herb Maftich is hot and dry in the beginning of the fourth degree, it atcenuares, opens, is Abfterfive, Aftringent, Anodyn, Carmina- tive, Digeftive, Difcuffive, and Strengthning; ir is Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Hyfterick, Ar- thritick, Emmenagogick, and Alexipharmick.
IX. The Specification. It is good againft Poyfon, the bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, and other Ve- nomous Beafts, Convultions, Cramps, Lethargies , Palfies , Epilepfies, Hyfterick Firs, Vapors, and other Diftempers of the Womb.
X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. Am Infufi- on or Decottion in Wine. 4. A Decoted or Infufed Oil. §. A Diftilled Water. 6. A Spirit. 7. Aa Chymical Oil. 8. An Acid Tinfure. 9. A Spiri- tuous Tintlure. 10. An Oily Tindare. V1. A Pouder. 12. A Compound Decottion.
The Virtues.
XI. The Liguid Fuice. Given from one Spoon- ful to two in a Glafs of Wine, or other proper Ve- hicle, it prevails againft Convulfions , Epilepfies , Lethargies , Headachs, Palfies, and ditatiettions of the Womb, it attenuates tough Flegm, opens obftru- tions of the Womb and Reins, provokes Urine and the Terms, and digefts crude Humors.
XII. The Effence. It is good againft Coughs , Colds, Wheezings, HoarfenefS, fhortnef$ of Breath, difficulty of breathing, and other Difeafes of the Thorax, it opens obitruétions of Liver and Spleen, and frees them from the morbifick matter which of- fends them, it has indeed all the Virtues of the Li-
uid Juice aforefaid, befides which it opens , clean- es, {trengthens , and confirms the Womb , corretts the windinefS thereof’, or of any other part, which are commonly called Vapors, and is beneticial for fuch as are falling into a Dropfie, and helps the lof§ of Speech, by the refolution of the Tongue; it pro- vokes Urine, and eafes the Colick.
XIIL. The Infujfion or Decottion in Wine. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice and Effence, it is very Stomatick, powerfully provokes Urine, caies the Strangury , and all pains and torments of” the Belly. Dofe to fix Ounces.
XIV. The Oil by Infufion or Decoffion. Tt warms and comforts the outward parts, being Morning and Evening anointed upon the fame, it is good againft the Gout , eafes pains of the Joints, Nerves, Ten- dons, and Mufcles, difcuffes Tumors, is good againft Convulfions, Cramps, Lamenef$, NumbednefS, and the Palfie, and anointed upon the lower Region of the Belly it helps cold griefs of the Womb, and
iv fe to 5 of thofe parts. gives eafe to pain en hehe
524 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I
XV. The Diflilled Water. \thas the Virtues of in Labor, bringing away alfo the Afterbirth. the Juice and Effence , but very much weaker in all XXII. The Compound Decottion. Take Herb Ma- tefpetts, but it may be ufed asa Vehicle, to convey | fick two Ounces, Origanum, Pellitory of Spain, of fome of the other Preparations in; fweetned with} each fix Drams, Acorus, Long Pepper, of each three Sugar and given to Children troubled with Convul-| Drams, White Port Wine twenty Ounces, put all in- fions it cures them. to a Tinn’d Copper Vefica, or Glafs Body, which co-
XVI. The Spirit. It is Cephalick , Neurotick ,| ver with a Blind Head, and let it fimmer over a gen- Hyfterick, and Cordial, and therefore is geod againft| s/e Fire for an Hour, then let it cool, and decant the Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Lethargies, Convulfions, Pal-| c/ear for wf Dofe two or three Ounces at a time fies, Vapors, Fits of the Mother, palpitation of the | for the Palfie, Epilepfie, Lethargy, &’c. two or three Heart, Fainting and Swooning Fits, ficknef$ at Sto-| times a day; it is good alfo to gargle the Mouth mach, Colick , and other like difaffeftions of thofe | for a Palfie of the Tongue , when it is taken inward- parts. Dofe from one Drami to four Dramis, either | ly it may be dulcified with Syrup of Clovegillifiow- in the Diftilled Water, or in Wine, or fome Neu-|ers, or other proper Syrup. rotick, Cordial, or Hyfterick Syrup, it may be gi- ven in the Morning fafting, and laft at Night going to Bed, and alfo two or three times befides in the day time if need requires.
VIL. The Chymica/ Oil. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice, Effence, and Spise aforegoing, but o- perates in a more ample and powerful manner; in- wardly it may be given from five drops to ten, or twelve, and that Morning and Evening , you muft drop it into White Sugar, or into Honey , or fome proper Syrup , and mix them well together , then mix it with the Vehicle you intend to take it in, for all cold and moift Difeafes, as Palfies, Cramps, Gouts, Numbednef$ , Trembling , weaknefS of the riven, ae it ought to be taken in a Glafs of Ge- nerous Wine; in Vapors, Fits of the Mother, &c. it may be given in the Diftilled Water, or Barley Wa- ter, or Black Cherry Water; in the Colick it may be given in Tease Wate! outwardly for the Palfie it is to be anointed on the Back Bone, as alfo the ts affeCted ; fo alfo for Convulfions, Cramps, de-
uxions of Humors, &c.
XVIIL The Acid Tinfure. It isa powerful Me- dicament againft the Plague, and all forts of Ma- lign and Pettilential Fevers, it deftroys the putrefa- €tive ferment in the Blood and Juices, allays Vapors, and rifing up of the Mother, cools preternatural heats , and refifts malignity in its Root, €c. Dofe from fifteen drops to thirty, forty, or more, accord- ing to the quantity of the Vebicu/um in which it is taken.
XIX. The Spirituous Tinfure. It is a kind of Heavenly Medicament,and a Noble Cordial, it chears the Heart, revives the Spirits, ftrengthens Nature, refifts Vapors, Faintings, Swoonings, ficknef§ at Heart, and other Difeafes of like kind, it takes a- way ficknefS at Stomach, pains there, reftores its Tone being hurt or depraved, and admirably ftrength- ens it. Dofe from one Dram to two, or three Drams, in the Morning fafting, an Hour before Noon, and at Bed time, in a GlafS of Generous Wine, or in Syrup, or other proper Vehicle, it cau- fes a good Appetite and a ftrong Digeftion.
XX. The Oily Tinfure. Ynwardly given from ten drops to twenty , or more, in fome proper Ve- hicle , it prevails againft the Palfie , Convulfions , pains and weakneflés of the Back, the Stone, Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous matter in the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, €c. for Palfies it ought alfo to be an- ointed on the Back Bone and parts aftetted twice a day, and to be applied upon the part and well rub- bed in in Convulfions, Cramps, 7c.
XXI. The Pouder of the Herb. Jf itis fnuffed up the Nofe it provokes fneezing, and thereby pur- ges the Head and Brain of cold pituitous Humors ; the Herb being chewed in the Mouth it draws
forth much Rheum and Flegm, caufing pains and aches in the Head, Jaws, Throat, &c. given inward- ly from half a Dram to a Dram in any proper Ve hicle it ftrengthens the Stomach, expels Wind , ea- jes the Colick, and facilitates the Birth of Women
CHA P. CCCLXVIIL.
of HERB ROBERT, OR, Robin’s CRANESBILL, I’ T° HE Names. We cannot learn that it has any Greek Name, the Latines call it Herba
Roberti, and Geranium Robertianum; and we in Eng- land Herb Robert, and Robin’s Crahesbill.
IL. The Kinds. It is certainly a Species of Gera nium or Cranesbill, and hereof there is two fpecial Kinds, viz. 1. Geranium Robertianum vulgare, Ge ie ranium Rupertianum commune, Herba Robertt, vel Sst communis, Panax Heraclenm Anguillart, ~~ Sideritis tertia Diofcorid#s, which molt of Out MO dern Authors take it to be, and it is eafily to be pe ceived that they are both one, for Diafeoride three forts of Siderités, viz. one with a Horehound
een scl
Chap. 267.
Leaf, one with a Fern Leaf, and 6né with a Cher- vil or Coriander Leaf, which is this prefent Herb; it is alfo called Herba Roberti, vel Ruperti minor , Geranium Robertianum minus , The Vulgar , Com- mon, or Leffler Herb Robert. 2. Geranium Rober- tianum majus, Herba Roberti, vel Ruperti altera, Herba Roberta major, Gerani Robertiani altera Spe- cies Lobelij , Geranium Gruinale Dodonei , Gerani- um Violaceum Tabernamontani, Sanguinaria Radix Germanorum, The Greater Herb Robert.
II. The Deftriptions. The firff, Common, or Small Herb Robert, bas a fmall and thready Root , which fmells as the whole Plant does, very ftrong , and almoft ftinking, which fends up a reddifh Stalk, commonly two Feet high, having feveral Leaves thereon, upon very long and reddifh Footftalks, di- vided at the ends into three or five divifions , and each of them cut in on the edges , fome with deep- er cuts than others, and all dented likewife about the edges , which oftentimes turn reddifh; at the por of the Stalks come forth feveral Flowers made of five Leaves, much lef§ than thofe of Musk Cranes- bill, or Dovesfoot, thefe Flowers Lobel fays are lar- ger in fome than in others , and of a more reddifh color, which being paft away, there come in their places Beakheads, as in other Cranesbills, which are not very {mall nor very great, the Stalks are flen- der, weak, and brittle, fomewhat hairy, and reddifh; the Leaves are alfo jagged , reddifh, ftalked, and deeply cut, like to thofe of Chervi/, and the Flow- ers are many times of a bright purple color.
GFT
1 q SSS. Herb
Wi; f 2 obert.
IV. The fecond, or Greater Herb Robert; bas a Root which % wholly red, both within and without , not fmelling fo firong as the former, and it fends up feveral flender hairy Stalks, three Feet high, at the Joints of which ftand Leaves upon fhorter yet red- der Footftalks , divided at the ends moft commonly but into three parts , as large or rather larger than the former, and turning red likewife; the Flowers
_are purplifh red, and of the fame magnitude, and fo alfo are the Beakheads and Seed.
Exnglifh Herbs.
525
V. The Places. They both grow almolt every where by Way. fides, upon Ditch Banks, and watte Ground, wherefoever one goes, but the fecond is not fo frequent as the’other, yet often {een and found; the ows alfo upon old Walls, as well thofe made of Brick and Stone, as thofe made of Mud or Earth, it. grows too among Rubbifh, and in the bodies of Trees fometimes which are cut down, and other like ruinated places...
VI. The Times. They Flower all May, Fune , Fuly, and Auguft, and the Seed is ripe foon after ; they are hardy Plants, being green generally all Win- ter, nor are they eafily hurt by cold.
VII. Their Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues are the fame with Fie/d Cranesbill in
an aforegoing, and to that you are referred...
I. Nota. Herb Robert is not only commend- ed againft the Stone, but alfo to-ftay Blood, where or howfoever flowing ,-as alfo fpeedily to heal all green Wounds; it cures likewife Wounds and Ul- cers of the Dugs, or Womens Breafts, and in the fecret parts.
CHAP. CCCLXVIIL °
of HERB TERRIBLE, O R, GUTWORT.
IT HE Names. It is called in Greek “Arvmr,
ab a, privativa, and Aim, Triftitia, guafi in- dolens inoffenfumgque Remedium, but this feems to be fpoken xs! evripesow, per contrarium, fome think it may be derived from 4asmiv, Sal/um, vel Maritimum, becaufe it grows near the Sea; in Larine it is called Alypum, and Herba Terribilis, alfo A/ypiar by Adtu- arius;, the Root hereof is called by the fame Aé/wa- rius Et nie album; as the Root of Efula minor is called ate nigrum; and in Englifh Herb Ter- rible, or Gutwort, becaule Diofcorides fays it light- ly exulcerates the Guts.
II. The Kinds. Some Authors will have this Plant to be of the Kind of Tithymals, becaufe of its moft violent purging and fharp exulcerating quality, but without doubt it is rather a Plant of its own Kind, there are three feveral forts hereof, viz. 1. A ppum, Alypum Monfpelienfium, Herba Terribilis, Thymelea Folijs atutis, Capitulo Succife, Herb Ter- rible of Mompelier. 2. Tartonraire, Herba Terri- bilts Maffilienfium Lobelij 7 Lugdunenfis, Gurwort, or Herb Terrible of Marfeilles, A/phon/us Pontius of Ferraria took it to be Cxeorum Theopbrafti, the Root of which, as Pea fays, is like unto the Twr- bith of Alexandria, not having fo much heat and bitternefS therein, nor other evil taftes, as the others have; Bézbinus calls it Thymelea Folis candentibus Serict inflar mollibus. 3. Alypum Montis Cet, which the People of Valentia call Hippogloffum, and is Hippogloffum Valentinum Cluftj, Herb Terrible, or Gutwort of Valentia.
Tl. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Herb Terri- ble of Mompelier, bar a Roct which is of a Fingers thicknefs, long, woody, and of a. brownifh color, fome- what Salt if it grows near the Sea Shoar, where it may receive as its Pabulum fome of the Sea Water, or elfe not falt, at all, but bitter, if it grows farther off, the Leaves tafting alfo after the fame gis
rom
i s | j j 4
sisal Si re ee 526 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. I.
talks , two | Many other. {mall Branches , having a thin Rind,
to fmaller | which is firft brown, then purple, with many little . in Leaves thereon, not much unlike to thofe
Branches , covered with a thin Bark, the elder and th
Branches being of a dark purplifh color , and the| of the Myrtle, the Flowers grow at the tops of the d, dry | Stalk an Branches, and are as it were {caly and
rough, like Scabious Flowers, of a blew purple co-
lor, the whole Plant is eng HSE and of an unplea-
fant tafte, like Chamaelea, but fomewhat ftronger.
VI. The Places. The firft grows on the Moun- tain or Hill Ceftius, called Cap de Cefte, and on other Rocky and Stony places in Frances the fecond near Marfeilles, by the Sea fide, on a fimall Hill near thereunto called Mondrond , as Pena fays, and all along the Coaft of Liguria, and the Ifles of Cor- fica and Sardinia, the third grows about Valentia in Spain, as Clufius declares; they all grow on Mc tains and Hills, as alfo in other places which are. Gravelly Grounds; with us they are only nurs’d up |
aves, without order from the bottom to the top, which are fomewhat long, and {mall at the fetting on, broader in the middle, and fharp pointed, fome- what like unto Small Myrtle Leaves, of a greenifh color on the upper fide, and whitifh underneath ; at the top of every Branch ftands a round Flower in a fcaly Head, confifting of many purplifh Thrums or Threads, paler in the middle than round about , fomething like unto the Head of a Scabious, o¥ ¥a- ther Knapweed.
in Gardens. Cia
) ge The Times. gon Fore until it rae ' with us, as in uft and September, Cups ond fome of them 4 ain Flowering in the = pe of February and March. | ; | VILLE The Qualities. They are all of them hot and dry in the fourth degree, Attragtive, almoft Py-- rotick , and vehementl Cathartick , its purging fa- culty being much like the Tithymals;, but the fecond of thefe is far more eee or violent than the. others, and comes nearly to the quality of Mezere- jon, fo that by reafon of its great heat and violence —
it is bi! Bag ots ; T 1X. The Specification. They expel Watery, Fleg- matick , and Cholerick Humors in abundance, and Clufius fays that the Landlopers in Spain do exhibit cies good fuccefS for the Cure of the French
ox. ,
X. The Preparations. Youtmay have therefrom, 1. A Pouder of the dryed Leaves or Root. 2. A emg of Leaves or Root. 3. A Pouder of the
eed. 3
vi! BES aK)
YNEN aan
i
AY
The Virtues,
XI. The Pouder of the dried Leaves or Root, \t is given in Broth to purge Choler and Flegm, alfo_ watery Humors in Drophies , which it evacua’ in abundance, and prevails alfo againft the Free Die
IV. The fecond, or Pena fays that Empericks, tho’ they find itt Marfeilles, has a Root which is alfo fmall, long, and purge with fuch violence, do often give it with Wine zooody , with many Fibre it, it i or Broth: Péimy fays the {malleft quantity to be ta- ipo and white within, nothing fo bot, bitter , or ken at a time in Chicken Broth is two Drams, 4 unpleafant as the Leaves or Se mean quantity is four Drams, and the greateft
to be given at once is fix Drams; but in proportion- ing the Dofes the Phyfician ought to act warily, and,
hot tafte at the end, without any ‘fmell, and not gi- to begin with a finaller Dofe at fii a Dram,
to fee the operation, and then to increafe it to lar- needful, to perfett its
gh| ger proportions as he fhall fee operation. >
XII. The Decottion. | Clafas fays the Spantards give the Decoftion of the Root, Leaves, Flowers and Seed, to thofe who ate troubled with the French Difeafe, and that with great fuccefS.
KIL. The Poxder of the Seed. It purges down- wards black Choler or Melancholy if taken with little Salt and Vinegar, and in like quantity with Epithymum , but it is faid a little to ~ an Bowels; it prevails againft the Dropfie, ae ings Evil, and Gout. Thefe Preparations of this Plant, if skilfully correSted, and given in a fit Dofe, agree; ing with the Btrengts of the Patient and violence @°
ody being before hand prepares and ie
former; the Flowers are together in a white woolinefS, that they can {carcely be which being paft away , {mall black Seed come in their places, bitter and unpleafant, and fo fiery hot, that if any one fhould chew the fame, or the Leaves of the Plant in theis Mouth, they will fo heat the Mouth, Lips, and Jaws, that no wafhing will fora long time remove it or take it away-
V. The third, or Herb Terrible of Valentia, #s ¢ fall Shrub , three or four Feet or more high , its} the Difeafe, (the Root is two Fingers thick, brown of color, and of a| may be admitted of , where better
from this Root fprings forth one] are not at hand to be had. I
ewoody subftance or more Stalks, which {pread. themielves forth into
Fi) att -
Chap. 369... Engh/b Herbs. 527 —< eS nefS, the lower Leaves growing upon which are al- moft round, and fomewhat large, with many corners, but not cut in or divided, and foft in handling, bur thofe which grow up higher are much more produ- ced into corners; from the middle of this Stalk up- wards to the top grow the Flowers upon flender Footftalks, where ve: ftand and make as it were a long Spike of fimall Leaves and Buds for. Flowers together; the Flowers are fingle , and confift of five broad and round Leaves, ftanding round, like unto fingle Rofes , with a middle long Stile, and fome Chives about them; thefe Flowers are of divers Co- 1a a8 pars White, or Reddifh, fome are of a pale Blufh, almoft like a White, fome are more blufh , frefh and lively, of a Rofe Color, fome are Scarlet, and of a deeper Red, like Crimfon, fome of a dark Red, like black Blood, fome of a deep Purple, va- tying in their Colors, as Nature is pleafed to play with them; after the Flowers are 4 there grows up round Knobs or Heads, but flattifh withal, being round about the bottoms, and compact or made up with a multitude of round, flat, whitifh Seed, in form of a Cheefe.
V. The Jecond, or Double Flowered Hollihock, in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, magnitude, manner and form of growing, and Seed, 1s exattly like the former, fo that thofe parts need no other dariition than what we have already juft now given, the difference between the former and this is only in the Flower, for whereas the former are fingle, thefe are mani- foldly double, and are like unto double Rofés, fet very thick with Leaves, fo that no Stile or Pointel is feen in the middle, the outwardmoft row of Leaves in the Flowers are largeft, the innermoft being final- ler, ‘and thick fet together, the Colors of which are manifold and various, according as we have deicribed | them in the former Seétion.
VI. The third, or Outlandith Tree Hollihock. It bas a pretty large long Root, with fome Fibres adjoin- ing to it, which, tho the Stalk perifbes every Tear , yet endures with us f, about two Winters, and then decays: This Tree Hollihock grows with us to be a great tall Tree, more likely than an Herb, having its
talk or Body fomething woody, and oftentimes fo great in compafs, that no’ Man can grafp it round with both his Hands; the Leaves are twice as large as any Common Mallow , and as foft and woolly in handling as the Marfh Mallow, but not fo white and downy, and many times crumpled about the edges, it Flowers not in the firft Year of its {pringing up with us, but in the fecond Summer, if'a preceeding fharp Winter has not killed its Stalk in the firft Year, (not then being grown to its full ftrength) being then more tender than afterwards; this main Stalk {preads it felf our into feveral Branches, with Leaves on them, but fmaller, among which ftand fair, great, and large deep purple Flowers, with Stripes and Veins in them , like to the Common Mallow , after which come forth fuch like round Cafes, with black- ifh Seed in them, but larger, according to the pro- portion of the Plant, which feldom comes to matu- rity in our Country. Il. The fourth, or Englifh Sea Tree Hollihock. It bas a Root which is white, great, and woody, with many long Fibres or Strings adjoined to it, and in its Stem, Leaves, and manner of growing, is very like to the laft defcribed; its. Stalk is woody, and as great as a Mans Arm, of a ruflet or hoary Color, upon which grow foft, whitifh, w oly Leaves, al- moft as large as the other, and as % vand fmooth as Velvet; the Flowers hereof are large, arid of a whitifh or diluted purple color, like inform to the Flower of a Wi/d Mallow, but much larger, yet yot fo large as the laft.
CH A P. CCCLXIX.
Of HOLLIHOCK, OR, TREE MALLOW.
IL“ HE Names. It is called in Greek Aer eua- adxm in Latine Malva Arborea, Ma/va Ro- fea, Malva Hortenfis, Malva major, in Englifh Hol- libock, or Garden Mallow, alfo Tree Mallow ; this is the aécygvrv, Mofceuton Plinij Lib. 21. Cap. 4. fo called I fuppofe 4 /uavitate oderis, or from paszgss7, quod coulfs ‘urculis Fs ractiphad Il. The Kinds. There are two pixie) Kinds hereof, vis. 1. SwSequardxn xen’, Malvg Hortenfis vulgaris, The Common Hollihock. 2. Asvdesuard- xn ueyaan, Malva Rofea magna, Malva Rofea Arbo- rea, The Great or Tree Hollihock. ,
. Of the Common Garden Kind there are two Species, viz. 1. Malva Hortenfis vulgaris fimplex alva Rofea Hortenfis fimplex , Single Flower Hollihock. 2. Malva Hortenfis vulgaris multiplex, Matlva Refea communis multiplex, The Double Flow- eted Hollihock. Of the Great or Tree_Hollibock there are likewife two Species, viz. 3. Ma/va Ar- borea, Malva Rofea magna Arborea, Malva Arborea magna peregrina, The Outlandifh Tree Hollihock. 4. Maloa Arborea Marina noftras, Malva Rofea eaihgy Marina noftras, Our Englifh Sea Tree Hol-
SL we tn
IV. The Defcriptions. ‘The fir/t, or Common fin- e Flowered Hollihock. It has aye white, tough t, cafily bowed, and grows deep into the Ground, not much unlike to the Root of the Common Mallow, but greater, and generally abides all the Winter, ri- Jing up again the next Spring, the Stalk grows up almoft like a Tree, of five, fix, feven, or
ight, eight Feet high, according as the Ground is in good- ; VIIL. The
“Shoar, as alfo on the African Shoar , where the
-an Mand called Dinnie, three Miles from Kings-
fpecial Kinds, ws. 1. Radix cava major Flore albo, Great White Flowered Hollow Root. 2. Radix ca- va major Flore Carneo, Great Blufh Flowered Hol- low Root. 3. Radix Cava minor, Me en Radice Fa- bacea, Small Hollow Root, Bein fafhioned Hollow
Root.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Great White Flowered Hollow Root, pas 4 Root which is round
~ WALL. The Places. The firlt two grow only in Gardens, and are almoft every where to be met with; the third grows near Verice, all along the Tirrbene
Root lives many Years, tho’ with us it fcarcely ever out lives two Years; the fourth and laft grows 1n
Road, and five Miles from Briftol, as alfo about the Sia near Hurft Caftle , over againft the I/le of ight.
ripe Seed in a little time after its Flowering. “XX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
; ; ’
>. Si ee
Ge Ps COCLXX.: | | ong and round Cods fpring forth, containing round blackifh Seed.
IV. The fecond, or Gteat Bluth Flowered Hol- low Root. “Ihe Root # faid to be bulbous, or rather tuberous, and bollow within , or underneath, on the upper part Prefled down fomewbat flat , covered over with a dark yellow Skin or Bark, with feveral firings adjoining thereto, and of a bitter and aufiere tafe, the Leaves hereof are jagged, and cut afunder, al-
mouth not fo open, being all of a pure white color ; >
of HOLLOW ROOT, . OR, | Caveous FUMITERRY.
LP HE Newt It is called in rsd nae xei- nes, ‘Pie nsian, in Latine Radix cava, Fuma-| lor, like the color of Columbine Leaves, to
ria Radice cavata in Englifh Hollow Root , Caveous which re are ated ; et ae
Fumiterry, and Hollow Rooted Eumiterry. fer, the Stalks ate fmooth, round , and flender, a-
t ve- foft and reenifh when it is ready to yield forth
the Flowers are of a light red, tending toa purp color; both thefe Plants abide above Ground but 2
growing more thick together, ' the Flowers are : : ju
in propartion to the foregoing in all refpetts lefler, having purplith backs, and white bellies, ftanding clofer and thicker together upon thet i
é -
1. To the former three Kinds adda fourth, which is a Small Hollow Root witha green Flower, calle
Radix Cava minima Flore viridi, defcribed by. John fon upon Gerard, the Root hereof is fmall and tootb- ed, made of little bulbs, refembling Teeth, and end- ing in white hairy Fibres, it fends litle Branches , about three Inches high, EAVES
< ae iN Li a Dopod S ee V LH} maa U by ii |
Eleonitery hollonrrooted
Ml. The Kinds, It is the third general Species of | grow cluftering on the top of the Stalk, com Eumiterry Cap. 304. Self. 2. of which we have threg | five or feven together , each of them compolet ©”
four yellowifh green Leaves, with fome Threads in
among Brambles and Briers , Fields and Vineyards in low and fertile Grounds in Germany and the Low Countries, but the three firft of them grow with us only in Gardens, the fourth
_ jg found in its times of flourifhing among Bufhes in feveral parts of England, as about Chi/leburft in Kent, efpecially in a Wood formerly belonging to one Pits, and at thé farther end of Cray Heath on the Lett Hand under a Hedge among Briers and Brambles, which is its proper feat.
VII. The Times. The three firft, as alfo the fourth , may be accounted Vernal Plants, for they rife not out of the Ground till the Spring comes in, and are gone likewife before it is paft, remaining under Ground all the reft of the Year, yet the leffer
’ abides longer above Ground than the greater; the fourth Flowers in Apri/, the other three Flower in March , and their Seed is ripe in Apri/, and the Leaves and Stalks are gone in May, nothing remain- ing fave only the Roots, fo {mall a time do they con- tinue.
IX. The Qualities. Hollow Root is hot in the fe- cond degree and dry in the third,
2 gine Abfter- five, Aftringent, and Diuretick, PeCtoral, Hepatick, Arthritick, and Alexipharmick.
X. Their Specification, Preparations and Virtues are the fame with thofe of Fumiterry in Chap. 304. Seé. 11. ad 24. to which for the particulars you are referred, there being little or no difference in their operations and effects; but with them you may take thefe following Notes.
XI. Nota. 1. The Poudet of the Roots. Given to a Dram or more in Wine, or any Alexipliarmick Ve- hicle, it is very effectual againft Poyfon, the bitings of Mad Dogs, and of venomous Serpents, as alfo againft the Plague or Peftilence, the Patient being laid down to fweat upon the fame; it alfo provokes Urine, and helps againft the Jaundice, and being ftrewed upon putrid and running Ulcers it cleanfes, dries up, and heals the fame.
XI. Nota. 2. The Pouder of the Seed. Drunk from one to two Drams in Red Port Wine, or in our Aqua Bezoartica, it ftops Vomiting , ftops all forts of Lasks or Fluxes of the Belly, and ftrength- ens all the Vifcera.
XIII. Nota. 3. The Decoffion of the Roots in Wine. It is good againft Tumors in the Throat, and the long continued fwellings of the Almonds, it pre-
the Jaws with an afflux of Humors.
ip
f XIV. Nota. 4. The Oil or Ointment of the Roots. bl Anointed on the Fundament it is good againft the {welling and pain of the Hemorrhoids, or Piles, dif- 6 cuffing the one and eafing the other, it difcuffes al- 4 fo ferophulous Tumors of the Throat.
alk
i
@
1 C HAP. CCCLXXL
o
o Of HONEWORT,
i“ OR,
ig Com PAR SLY.
nt
ys 4
Chap. 371. Englifh Herbs.
and in the borders of | Siam odoratum Tragi,
vails againft ftrumous produftions, and the pain of lying on
o29
is called in Latine Selinum Scgetale, Goodier calie!
them. it firlt Sivm Terreftre, afterwards it was called Apr VII. The Places. Thefe Plants grow about Hedges | wm Sij Folijs,
and from the compofure of the Leaves Gerard called it Siam Sege-
tum, and Sium Agrorum, but at length the firft La- tine Name Selinum Segetale obtained above the reft, from whence it is Named in Englifh Corn Parfly , but the Country People call it Honewort.
Il. The Kinds. It is accounted among the Um-
belliferous Plants, for fuch it is, and is certainly one of the Stock of Se/ina, or Apia, for which reafon it was called Apium Sij Folijs, but with us Corn Parfly, as aforefaid.
{Il. The Defeription. It has a Root which és fmall, long, and white, which perifbes every Year after it has Seeded, and rifes again of its own Sowing , it is a fall low Herb, having feveral long winged Leaves the Ground, many being fet one againft another , finely dented about the edges, with one fingle Leaf at the end, which are each of them long- er than Burnet weaves, and pointed at the ends, from among which rife up feveral round Stalks, half a Yard high, with the like, but lefler Leaves on them, branching forth likewife from the Joints, and all of them bearing finall Umbles of white Flowers, which turn into {mall blackifh Seed, lef$ than Par/ly Seed, but as hot and fharp in tafte as it. Gerard has a more ample Defcription of this Plant , which take in the following Words.
IV. Gerard’s Defcription. ‘The Root is fmall, and whitifh, with many Threads adjoining to it , but not
@ big as Parfly Roots, the Herb comes up at firft from Seed, like Parfly, with two fmall, long, nar- row Leaves, the next which {pring up are two {mall round Leaves, fmooth, but nick’d about the edges, and fo for two or three couples of Leaves of the
on a middle Rib by couples, and one round one al-
HE Nemes. It is an Englifh Plant, and has |fo at the top or end of the Wing, afterwards, as SL no known Greek Name belonging to it, but |more Leaves fpring up, fo re ion of thin i
yy change,
oe ¢
'
23°
change, that is to fay, every winged Leaf has about eight or nine fall, fmooth, green Leaves, finely fnipt or indented about the edges, growing on eac fide of a middle Rib, one oppofite to another, an one growing by it felf at the top or end, in form : refembling thofé of aytee§ a bas - makes ne, or at all brownifh, from a suglofs , whistevife Sepak finall, round, fakin US or |rather the Lexcographis Plinij in Lib. 27. a Il. out two Feet in height, fometimes 1 Gefner eae genet Stalks from one Root, fometimes | fays it was called by fome Conia laff Montana, and growing upright, fometimes creeping not fat from | Baubinus thereupon calls it res Montanum the Ground, jointed or kneed., and dividing them- felves into very many Branches; at every Joint grows one Leaf, fimaller than the former, which, to ether
with the lowermoft, “betithes, fo that feldom | perature he fays it is neareft. Authors make at leaft bhi Hae hen the {fix Kinds thereof, but we fhall defcribe no more one green Leaf is to i chis Fant eee vafk (tba grow in our Gardens, which are the following
sate. the Fic are whi ‘ow moft rar whiel oucalk v? the fe oO ie sites and Branches, viz. 1. Cerinthe sc of Flore luteo o rubro Lobel; fometimes at molt of the Joihts, éven from the © Camerarij, Cerinthe urate ei
Ground, in wheven of no: ery Uibles, every | <olore Cus, Cerinthe, fet Cynoglofjum Montanum Flower having five excee ven Sk , flat and
majus Baw ree ths tae a a d Honey: at the top, and if dle very {mall} wort. 2. Cerimthe minor Kore uteo & rubro, Ces Fa a is tbs ,, the ges : Food not | 777the quinta Clufij, Cerinthe Folia non maculato vi- much exceeding the bignefS of a {mal Pifis head, ridi Baubini , The Leffer Yellow and Red Honey- which being paft away, there comes up in the place| wort. 3. Cerinthe major flavo Flore, Cerinthe Flore \ ot each Flower two {mall, wey crooked , {traked | favo afperior Baubint , ies quorundam major Seeds, like Par/ly Seed, but irger, in tafte hot and | favo Flore Clufij, The Greater Yellow Honeywort. aromatical. 4. Cerinthe minor flavo Flore, Cerinthe quorur minor flavo Flore, Cerinthe minor Lobelij, Camerarij, 7 Tabernamontani, Cerinthe Plinij, ' 2 Leller Yet
V. The Places. It grows in Cor Fields among Corn, or where Corn has been Sown, in everal pla- ces of England; it grows in Clay Grounds, and has been found in Wheat Lands about Maple Durbam in Hampfbire, and feveral other places.
VI. The Times. It begins to Flower about the beginning of Fu/y, and fo continues Flowering a long time, Parkinjon fay
low Honeywort. 5. Cerinthe major Elore purpuran- te, Cerinthe tertia Clufij, Cerinthe Flore rilbro pur- purafcente Baubini, Purple Honeywott. 7 h
what great and thick, fending therefrom ma within the Earth, but perifhes every Year after time; this party colored Plant rifes up with diver thick hairy Stalks, almoft two Feet high, are fet long large Leaves, of a blewifh green footted with great white {pots , round at their far- ther ends, and fo much encompafling the Stalk at the lower ends, that it feems to go thro” - fet
s it Flowered not with him till Auguft, and that the Seed ripened about a Month after, but part of the Seed is many times ripe in Augujt, avd fome other parts of it fcarcely in the beginning of Oéfober, in the mean feafon fome of it falls, whereby it renews it felf, and grows with flou- rifhing green Leaves all the Winter.
VIL. ds to the Qualities, Specification, Preparati- ons and Virtues, they come very near, or are the fame with thofe of Our Common Parfly, for the Seed is in form and tafte almoft like Par/ly Seed, and therefore to that you are referred.
VIIL Nota. The Liquid Fuice. Goodyere rela- ted that the juice of a Handful of the Leaves being drunk in a draught of Ale or Beer every Morning fafting for a Fortnight, did cure one that had a fwel- ling in her Cheek, Yearly there arifing , but its ori- ginal caufe was unknown, yet it was attended with great heat, rednefs, and itching , by the ufe of this Herb it was perfectly cured, and rofé no more, it is sorb it may be an excellent thing againft ftrumous
umors, or the Kings-Evil in any part of the Body.
a
{weet like Honey, wherewith Bees aesme | ght ed, each Flower ftanding in a green usk,
into five parts at the tops, in which as r the Pate paft, grow the Seed, which is blackith, a alco
Husk. IV. Gerard defcribes it thus. The Root perifhes at the firft approach of Winter; 3 rifes forth Nhe Ground after the falling of its Seed, with two finall Leaves, like thofe of Bazi/, between. the which Leaves comes “forth a thick, Aat, ‘finbo tender, and brittle Stalk, full of Juice, dividing 1 felf into” many other Arms, which are alfo divided into. other Branches, bowing or leaning towards Ground, being not able without felf, by reafon of the great weight of Leaves, LP HE Names. It is. called in Greek Knert@ Seng oe pe “dete as os Belt
. ‘ 5 n Gree it is 1 n > Arms or Bra
ie by Theopbraftws Lib. 6. Cap. 7. in Latine Ce-| are placed pare a} 4 rinthe, and in Englifh Honeywort, and Wax Flower. | fharp prickles, like the rough Skin a Th
C H A P. CCCLXXIL.
of HONEYWORT, OR, WAX-FLOWER.
A Chap. 372... Engh/b Herbs. 521
ee of a blewith green color, {potted very notably with j two for the moft part ftanding together in a Husk.
white ftrakes and fpots, like the Leaves of the True
Pulmonaria, or Cowflip of Ferufalem, and in fhape IX. The Places. The firft, third, and fifth, grow
like thofe of the Cadded Thorowax, which Leaves | wild in Spaim, the firft in Betica and Portugal, the thitd in Valentia, alfo in Monte Palatino at Rome;
do embrace or encompafS the Stalk round about, from the bofom whereof comes forth fmall clufters | and in Gérmazy in Aare Stiria, Bobemia, and Hungary: the Originals of the fecond and fourth are
of yellow Flowers, with a circle or band of bright Purple round about the midft of the yellow Flower ; | unknown, they none of them grow wild in England, the Flower is hollow fafhioned , like a little Box , | but are only nurft up in Gardens. and of a fweet or Honey tafte when it is fuck’d, in X. The Times. They Flower all June, Fuly, and the hollowne($ whereof aré many finall Chives or | Augu/t , and fometimes fo late, that we do not ga» Threads, which being paft away, round black Seed | ther good Seed from any of them, but from the Red, does come in place, contained in foft skinny Husks;, if the Year proves not warm enough, and wet with- the Flowers are very various in color , which are of} al to ripen them, or if they be not well watered yellow or purple, and fometimes of both mixed to-} when it is a dry Surnmer, to bring them the fafter gether. - ) ae, forward; they perith at the firft approach of Winter, V.. The fecond, or Leffler Red and Yellow Honey- | and muft be fown the next Spring. wort, bas @ long Root, full a Fibres, perifhing every| XI. The Qualities. They are temperate in pee to heat or cold, and dry in the fuft degree, Aftrin« ent.and Vulnerary.
Year. its Branches are both fhorter and leaning down- wards, not ftanding upright, on which grow long | 8 ry. green Leaves, without any {pots on them, and leffer| XII. The Specification. They ate peculiar to ftop than the former ; the tops of the Branches ate as full Bleedings of all forts, the overtiowing of the Terms, of Leaves and Flowers as the foregoing, but turn | Bloody Flux, Hepatick Flux, &c. not in the fame manner; the Stalks which fuftain} XI I. The Preparations. You may have there* the Flowers, and fo likewife the {mall Leaves at the from, 1. A Liguid Fuice or Effence of the Herb. 2. foot of every Stalk, are fomewhat purplifh, but the | 4 Decoltion thereof in Wine. 3. A Pouder. Husk in which the Flower grows is green, and cut , 4p ages into five divifions, the Flower is long and hollow , Thé Virtues. like the former, and almoft as great, of a Gold yel- 3 low color, dented at the ends, and with a Red or] XIV. The Fuice or Effence of the Herb. Taken deep Crimfon circle about the middle thereof; and | inwardly from one Ounce to two, or three, it is the Seed which follows is like the other, but {ome- | good to ftop inward bleeding, whether of any Veffel what leffer. Pa broken in the Lungs; or Piffing Blood, or the Bloody VI. The third, or Greater Yellow Honeywort. It Flux; it ftops alfo bleeding at Mouth and Nofe,
bas a Root like the others, which perifhes after Seed the overflowing of the Terms in Women, and othet time in the fame manner, it rifes up with a reafon- Fluxes of the Bowels; if it is mixed with a little able great Stalk, Branched on alt fides from the bot- | Saffron, it is good fot bleared and watering Eyes, tom to the top, many of the lowermoft lying upon | and being ufed in foul Ulcers after they are clean- the Ground, and the other ftanding more u right, | fed, it helps to incarnate them , efpecially fuch as on which grow long and large blewifh green Leaves, } are in the more nice and tender parts of the Body. fpotted as the firft is, but not fo latge at bottom, | XV. The Decolfion in Wine. It has all the Vir- where they encompafS the Stalks, and having fome | tues of the Juice or Effence béfore related, and does me thereon in the middle, as the firft has, and a | the fame things, but not fo effeftually, nor fo fpeed-
ittle hoary about the brim or edges; the tops of | ily, and therefore is to be given or ufed oftner, and the Branches do bend downwards, fet with fimall | in a greater quantity or Dofe. Leaves, and Flowers at them, as the firit, and as} XVI. The Poxder. It ftops inward Bleedings and large as they, but without any circle or bottom of | Fluxes, as the Juice, €%c. does, and being applied Purple, being wholly of a fair yellow. color, with | outwardly to any flux of Blood, it prefently ftops {ach like Threads as the reft have, and Seed alfo | it, {trewed alfo upon moift and running Sores, or much the fame; the Leaves of this feem to be rough- putrid Ulcers, it cleanfes and dries them , and dif- er than the Leaves of the firft, but narrower at their pofes them to healing.
fetting on, as aforefaid. 3
VIL. The fourth, or Leffer Yellow Honeywort. Ie XVIL. Nota, Pliny and Virgil affirms, that Bees
bas a Root which is white alfo, and long, and abides | are much delighted with the Flowers of thefe Plants, in more Southern Climes all the Year long , but with being: fweet, or abounding with Honey, and that they wus perifhes in Winter; it has a flenderer Stalk than] gather ftom them more Honey and Wax than from the former, near two Feet high , fet with fmaller , | many other Flowers; and from thence doubtlefs ic narrower, and fpotted Leaves ther¢on , without or- obtained the Name of Cerinthe.
der, one above another, on both fides the Stalks ,
which fpreads it felf out into many {mall but longer Branches , from the middle thereof, thick fet with a and og bia = ei te laft, all yel- .™ ow, but fimaller, and dented about their brims ; af- A P. ‘
ter which come fuch like Seed as the laft, but fmal- Cy CCCLXXIII.
ler.
VIIL The fifth, or Purple Honeywort, has a white long Root , which perifhes every Tear, and therefore mult be new fown ever Spring s it grows very like the Great Yellow Kind, with low bending Branches, and fomewhat large blewifh green fpotted Leaves, like as the reft have, the Flowers grow in the fame manner as the others do, and as large, wholly ofa dark Ni color, on the fuperficies whereof a lit- tle whitenefS is perceived ; the Seed which follows is like the others, but greater than any of them, and
Of H O P-S Garden and Wild,
L*QHE Names. Diofcorides, Galen, nor ahy of thé Ancient Greek Writers make any menti-
on of this Plant, nor yet any of the Ancient Latine Authors, except Pliny only, who Lib, 2t. Cap. 15. does but only name it, and number it among thofe Herbs which grow of themfelves , and are ufed for Meat with divers Nations; The Arabians have not Yyy2 orfly
= =a.) - ==
| iia ——_ oo
2 i ittle Canes, or Scaled qui ad Salices affurgit, vel qui Salitum\ Pine Apples, of a whitifh c
curat, vel quia falit & reptat per’ Arbores, aut guia) nefS, and of a {trong f{mell. heen Salices) Mefue makes it his third kind of
olubilis, Lobel calls it Vitis Septentrionalem, (The agus Smilax afpera, which it
V. The fecond, Wild, or Female Hop, bas a Root like the former, and grows up in the fame manner , form, or fafhion , climbing upon Trees or Hedges, or what ftands next unto it, with rough Branches and Leaves like the former, but this bears much finaller Heads, and in far lef$ plenty or number than the Manured does, and fometimes in fome Years there are but few Heads to be feen upon fome Plants, and herein confifts the efpecial difference.
Ml. The Deferiptions. The firft, or Garden Hop,| yy, The Places. Thefe Plants grow more fie- has a Root which vs great at the bead, hooting forth quently in our colder Climates, than in the hotter or many blackifh rings, taking faft bold of the Ground; More Southern, they delight to grow in low moift it rifés up at firft with feveral great brown heads, Grounds, where they may have moifture enotgh , like unto A/paragus, but larger, which afterwards | and yet not too much, for which caufe they are fpreading it felf out into rough Branches , climb up planted on Hillocks as it were, and Trenches are upon great, long, or high Poles, which are fet on} made to receive or carry off any great quantity of purpofe for them to run upon; it has many hard Water, that the Plants may not ftand drowned, and rough dark green Leaves, cut into three or five which it appears they delight to grow ina fat and
divifions, fomewhat like unto Bramble Leaves , and fruitful Soil: The Wild Kind grows among Briers dented alfo about the edges; at the tops of the fand Thorns about the borders of Fields; thefe by Branches, which hang down again for the moft part, being tranfplanted into Gardens, and being manured come forth many {fcaly heads, being as it were alas the Garden Kind is, much alters it felf, and be number of fmall yellowith green Leaves Sowing } comes little inferior to that of the Garden , and in thick together, ftom among which come forth the rocefS of time comes to the fame goodnefS and per-
Flowers , of a whitifh yellow color, which being Pion
paft , and the heads changing their color to a more VII. The Times.’ They {pring not up till Apri/,
browniih yellow, they are then fit to be gathered to when fiom the old Roots, which remain all the
Keep; in this Flower at the bottom thereof is con- Winter, new Shoots or Buds come forth, theyflow- —
tained the Seed, which is brown, or of a reddith | ¢ not till the latter end of Fume, and the Hops them-
brown color, {mall and round. felves are not gathered till the middle of Auguft,and IV. Gerard defcribes the Hop thus. The Roots | the beginning and middle of September, when they
are flender, and diverfly folded one within another ;\ are dried, and fo kept all the Year forufe. es
it lnves and flourifhes by embracing and taking bold of| VIL. The Qualities, They are hot and.dry.inthe
Poles, Pearches, and other things upon which it may | third degree, Inciding , Aperitive, Abfterfive, Sub
climb, it brings forth very long Stalks, rough and }aftringent,, Digeftive » Difcuifive, and Diuretic
L
Chap. 373. |
e&. ih
Neurotick, Stomatick, Hepatick, Nephritick, aA ?
fterick, and Arthritick, Emmenagogick, Sudorific Alexipharmick, and Lithontriptick.
TX. The Specification. They are of fpecial ufe to Aer eg gury, break an the Stone, Gravel, an Tartarous Mucilage from the Reins, Ureters, and
Bladder, kill Worms, expel Poyfon, and provoke
the Terms in Women: The Garden and Wild are
equal in virtue, | . X. The Preparations. You hele therefrom,
Seed. 8. rituous Tinlure of the Flowers or Hops. 9» An Acid Tindare. 10. Aa Oily Tintture of the fame. 1%. A Saline Tintlure, 12. A Spirit rom the Hops, 13. The Bath.
The Virtues.
XL The Sallet. The firft Buds of the Hops being laid a while in Sand will make them tenderer, and being boiled are ufed to be eaten after the fame man-
ner as the Buds of A/paragys are, and with as great delight to the tafte; they pen the obftructions of
Liver and Spleen, cleanfe the Blood, loofen the Bel- ly, expel Gravel and Sand from the Reins, and give eafe in the Strangury.
XI. The sy Sie Fuice of the tops of Hops. Ithas all the former Virtues, but much more powerful, it
e€tually cleanfes the Blood, and is a good expe- gan ~ wd OF ae ia eats, as ee all
orts of Scabs, It imples, ettars, Ring- worms, Morphew, ait ipreadng Sores, and all forts of difcolorings of the Skin, being taken daily
Morning and Night, ftom two Ounces to four, in any fit Vehicle, it is found by experience. to expel Poyfon.
: XU. The Effence. (thas all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, but much more powerful to the Inten- tions; befides which, being taken two or three Hours before the coming of the Fit of an Ague, it is faid to cure it at fome few times taking; it kills Worms in the Body, provokes the Terms, and powerfully expels Urine; dropt into fore and ulcerated Ears, cleanfes them from their Corruption, takes awa their ftinking fell, and heals them, it purges Cho- ler, but more effe€tually if given in Whey of Goats Milk; if the ufe of it is continued for fome time, Spring and Fall, it has been found to cure the Kings-- Evil, and the Scurvy.
XIV. The Infusion of Hops in Wine or Water. It
Exghifh Herbs. = aoe
tues of Juice, Effence, and Infufion, but muft be gi- ven. in three times a larger quantity, becaufe the Medicament is fo much clogged with Sugar; it cures fuch as have the Yellow Jaundice, eafes the Headach which comes of heat, attemperates the calidity of Stomach and Liver, and is very profitably given in long and hot Agues, arifing from inflamed Blood and Choler; it loofens the Belly, and effeCtually cures the Scurvy, Dropfie, Gout, and Kings-Evil. XVI. The Poxder of the Seed. Being given to the quantity of a Dram in the Moining: fafting, and laft.at Night going to Bed, it kills Worms in Chil+
An| dren, or elder People, provokes Urine powerfully ; .} and brings down Womens Courfes,
XVI. The Spirituous Tinfure of Hops. Xt is not inferior to any Diet-Drink which can_be given to fuch as labour under the Scurvy, Gout, Dropfie, Pox, and Kings-Evil; it fingularly purifies the Blood after
a Salivation, but it is beft to be given to fuch as aré
of a cold and moift habit of Body, fat and corpulent, and not to fuch as are thin, hollow, and feem to be emaciated or confumed; it may be given from a Dram to two Drams, or more, in Ale, Beer, Wine, or other proper Vehicle.
XIX: The Acid Tinfture of Hops. \thas the Vir tues of the Spirituous Tinfture, but much more fit to be given to fich as are of hot habits of Body, be- caufe it cools and reftefhes; it exterminates all ma»
lignity of the Pox, Plague, or Poyfon, and is fingu-.
larly good againft the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, and other venomous Serpents, Cc. it eradicates the
Scurvy, Gout, and Kings-Evil, and after an admirable
manner cures Agues and Fevers, and kills Worms in Old or Young.
XX. The Oily Tinure of Hops. As a Topick it gives eafe in the Gout and Sciatica, and eafes all pains of the Joints and Limbs coming of cold and moifture; it is an excellent thing againft the Palfie, being anointed upon the Back Bone, and upon the parts affetted, giving it inwardly alfo at the fame time; you may give from ten to twenty, or thirty drops for a dofe, being dropt into White Sugar, and then mixed with a GlafS of White Wine, and fo ta- ken it gives eafé in the Strangury, provokes Urine and the Terms, and effectually cures the Colick, and cleanfes the Reins, Ureters and Bladder from {finall Stones, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous Matter lodging therein; if the Dofe is doubled or trebbled, and gis ven two hours before the Fit of an Ague, it commons. ly cures it at three or four times taking:
XXI. The Saline Tinture of Hops. It cures by bathing therewith Scurf; Morphew, Leptofie, Tet tars, Giacss Herpes, and other like breakings out, and clears the Skin of Tanning, Sunburning, hlack and blew Spots, Yellownefs, and other like difcolorings thereof:
XXII. ‘The Spirit of Hops. It is ttuly Cordial, chears the Heart, and refrefhes the Animal and Vital Spirits; it is good in Fainting and Swooning Fits, repreffes Vapors, and other Hyfterick Difeafes, and after a fingular manner prevails again{t Convulfions, whether in Old or Young, and is helpful againft Pa- talytick Diftempers.
XXIIL The Bath. It is made of the Hops, by boiling in fair Water; if Women fit in it, and con- tinue the ufe of it for fome time, it brings down the Terms, tho” long {topt, provokes Urine, eafes pains of the Joints and Limbs, as alfo the exquifite tortures of the Strangury, and takes away the {welling and hardnefs of the Womb.
XXIV. Nota. Hops are now vety much ufed to ut into Ale, for thereby it not only makes it keep onger, and makes it finer, but alfo more wholfom,
and gratefuller to the Stomach and Palate; but this is
; eee ve ee fe diab aia
wer 4
F
S 3 2 524. almon s is to be obferved, that becaufe Hops have an admira- ble fragrancy and fubtil odor, and abound wonder- fully with volatile parts, they are never to be boile in making of Beer, (for fo all their volatile parts wil be loft) but only fcalded and infufed in the fame,
by which means you will extraét into the Liquor | pale purpli ail their volatile and excellent fubftance, leaving the | ing in the like rough earthy or devilith parts behind, which the way by | bite Horebound: boiling only extracts , and this Truth all fuch as are |. accuftomed to make Tea can demonftrate , who, if| they boil theit Tea, always fpoil their Liquor, for which reafon they only feald, and infufe it in the fame, if they would have it admirable: The fame thing is to be underftood of Hops , and of all other Vegetable fubftances, which confilt of fragrant, odo- riferous, and volatile parts, if fo bé you would pre- ferve them.
Herbal. Lib. b than it, on which Stalks are fet by couples Leaves omewhat longer, thicker, whiter, and more woolly
4| than it, and fomewhat dented about the edges; the 1| Flowers grow at the tops of the Stalks in rundles, at the feveral span with the Leaves, which are of a
color, like the Common fort, and ftand- Husks: Gerard calls this Snow
CH A P. CCCLXXIV. of HOREHOUND White.
LI HE Names. This kind of Plant is called in Greek Uedeiev, in Latine Prafium, and (Mar- rubiun, in Englifh Horehound.
Il. The Kinds. There are four generick Kinds hereof, viz. 1. Tegerdr asunirs Prafium, vel Marrubium Album; White Horehound. 2. Prafium Nigrum , Black Horehound. 3. Prafium A uaticum, Water Horehound. 4. Prafivm Fetidum, vafium Silveftre, Wild Horehound, or Stachys.
Ill. The Kinds of the White. OF this there are five Species, v/s. 1. Marrubium Album Vulgare , Prafium Album Commune , Prafium Anguilare, Out Common White Horehound. 2. Marrubium Candi- dum alterum, Marrubium Candidum Hifpanicum, vel Pannonicum Lobelij & Clufij, Marrubium Candidum Gerardi, Marrubium Creticum Camerarij, Marrubi- um Album Latifolium Peregrinum Baubini, White Spanifh Horehound. 3. Marrubium Creticum An- guftiore Foho Lobelij, Marrubium Creticum Camera-
rij, Dodonel, Lugdunenfis, © alorum, Marrubium
Album Anguflifolium Peregrinum Baubini , Sweet
€andy Horehound. ‘There is another Species of
this, which is unfavory , or without {ell , called
Marrubium Creticum Anguftifoliis inodorum by Ejiy-
tenfis, which is Marrubium Album Peregrinum bre-
vibus €9 obtufis Foltjs Baubini. 4. Marrubium Al- bum Vilofum Baubint, thought to be Prafium Diof- coridis, White Hairy Horehound, called by fome
French Horehound. 5. Marrubium Crifpum, and
Marrubium Album Crifpum, White Curled Hore-
hound.
Bs
VL. The third , or Sweet Candy Horehound. It has a long flender Root, furnifbed with a great buf of Fibres, from which {pring up fevetal crooked, or not very ftraight Stalks , which are round, and not {quare, and flenderer than the laft; on thefe Stalks grow fometimes broader, and at fome times and in fome places fmaller, longer, and narrower Leaves than thofe of the fecond Kind, (of which in my opinion this is a Species) thefe Leaves are fet by couples at the Joints, more dented about the edges, and more white or hoary than the former Horebounds,
the former , but finaller, and purplifh, and fet if finaller and fharpet Husks, the Seed being alfo like it: The Unfavory or fmell lefs Kind has only thefe. differences, that the Leaves are fhorter, narrower, and rounder pointed, and in a mannef without any fell. i VII. The fourth, or White Hairy Horehound, ied oy iat Foch Hout bas ‘i 0008 rous Reot, which fends forth Stalks, rifing up above a foot bigh, round peat of a hard wan 1 ftance, white and hoary, fpreading into Branches, on which grow thick Leaves, in th manner as the former, but {maller and round a little dented at the edges, and fo white, 4 and woolly underneath , as no Cortonweed ist but fomewhat blackifh and rugged on the uppet the Flowers ftand at diftances at the Ops 0 Branches , of a pale purplifh oil int ‘ SY ae
flender Branches, having Flowers at the Joints Ie
IV. The Defcriptions. - The firft., or Common White Horehound, bas a Root which is blackifh, bard, and woody, with many Fibres or Strings thereat, which dies not every Winter, but abides many Years, from this Root {pring up feveral fquare hoary Stalks, half 4 Yard or two Feet high, fet at the Joints with two crumpled , or as it were rough Leaves, of a dull, hoary, green color, and of an agreeable good finell, but of a very bitter tafte, the Flowers are fimall, white, and gaping, fet in rough, hard, prickly Husks
round about the Joints with the Leaves, from the middle of the Stalk upwards , in which afterwards is found fmall, round, blackifh Seed.
V. The fecond, or White Spanifh Horehound, bas Roots like the former Common Kind, which fends forth feveral fourfquare Stalks, more white and hoa-
rough Husks.
: - ‘
as the Stalks alfo are, which branch forth into many
VIII. The fifth, or White Curled Horehound. It has bard, round, white, woolly, or downy Stalks ; the Leaves are fmaller than the fatt, and a little crum- pled and curled at the edges, and a little dented al- fo; they are of a greyifh color on both fides, but not fo woolly as the laft; the Flowers ffand in the fame manner as the reft, in prickly Husks, but whi- ter tham any of the former.
IX. The Places. The firlt, being Common Kind, grows gm Fe: all places of Egland, in 4 Grounds, pide Greens, a near unto old
alls, Banks, Ditch fides, High Ways, and beaten Paths, in untilled ; it grows in all other Countries alfo, w alters fomething, according to the fitwation and nature of the Countries, for commonly that which grows in Candia and Hungaria is much whiter, and of a fweeter fimell, and the L Leaves. oftentimes narrower and leffer than that | Night; it is an excellent Lotion to wath old Sores which grows in Eg/and, and other Northern Coun- | withal, and to make an Injection of to cleanfe the tries; the fecond grows naturally in Spaiz, the third | Womb. : in Candia, the fourth about Parzs in France, the fifth} XVIII. The Syrup. It is an extraordinary Pe&to- in Germany, all which four latter grow with us on- | ral, very good for old Coughs, and to ripen tough ly in Gardens, being firit raifed of Seed brought | Flegm, it is alfo good for fuch as are Althmatick,
m thofe places. . or fhort Winded, and breath difficulty, it has all
X. The Times. ‘They all Flower in Fuly and | the Vittues of the Prafimel, and nearly as good as it Auguft,. “ that in the fecond Year after the fow- | to all thofe Intentions. Dofe one or two Spoontuls
of them) and their Seed is ripe not long after. | Morning and Night, to be given alone by it felf.
. The Qualities. White Fon al is hot in} XIX. The Wine. It bas the Virtues of all the the fecond degree, and dry in the third, bitter in | former Preparations, but not fo powerful as the EC tafte, Aperitive, Digeftive, Abfterfive, PeStoral, He-| fence, it is good againft the Plague or Peftilence, _ Patick, ga Hyfterick, Sudorifick, Emmena- | as alfo for old People, and cold Conftitutions.
gogick, ipxipheses and Analeptick. XX. The Vinegar. It is good againft the Plague, Il. The Specification. It is againft Coughs | given a Spoonful or two at a time in any proper Ve- and fhortnefS of Breath, cures Ulcers of the Lungs, | hicle, and prevails againft any Vegetable or Animal eafes pains of Liver and Spleen, expels Poyfon, and | Poyfon, outwardly ufed it clears the Skin of Mor- heals old filthy Ulcers. hew, Scurt, Pimples, Rednefs, Tertars, Ringworms, » The Preparations. You may have there-| Herpes, and other like fale eruptions. from, 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. Pra- XI. The Powder. Given to a Dram in the fimel. 4. A Decottion. 5. A Syrup. 6. A Wine. \ Morning fafting, and laft at Night going ro Bed, it - A Vinegar. 8. A Powder. 9. An Ointment or | kills Worms in Children, f{trengthens the Scomach , fam. 10. A Cataplafm, 11. An Acid Tinfure.|and provokes Sweat in elder People, relilts Poyfon, 12, A Spirituous Tintlure. 13. An Oily Tindure.\ provokes the Terms, and educeth the Birth; ufed as 14. A Saline Tintture. 15. A Decottion. Compound. | an Errhine it purges the Head and Brain of cold, moift, vifcous and pituitous Humors, if it is {trew- The Virtues. ed thick upon old, rotten, putrid, and filthy Ulcers, it cleanfes them, dries up the humidity, and induces XIV. The Liguid Fuice. Being given to two or | theit healing. three and repeated twice a day, ina Glafs|_ XXII ‘The Ointment or Balfam. \t isa fingular of White Port Wine, to Women whofe Courfes are | Vulnerary, curing green Wounds in a fhort time; i obftruéted, it brings them down, being dropr into] is good alfo for running Sores, old Ulcers, ard the the Ears it eafes their pain, and taken in a GlafS of} like, for if need be it digefts, cleanfes, incarnates, Wine it helps Stitches and Pains in the Sides; fnuft| dries, and heals; it is good againft Pufhies, Pimples, up the Noftrils it is a good Errhine to purge the| Boils, Scabs, and other like breakings out, being ead and Brain of mucous Humors and filthinef$ ob- | applied. ftru€ting that Ventricle; it opens obftructions of Li- SCHL The Cataplafm. The Leaves being made ‘ver and Spleen, as Galen fays: Matthiolus fays it is| into a Cataplafm with Honey do cleanfe foul Ulcers, available for fuch as have bad Livers, and have an| and put a ftop to running and {preading Sores, which Itch, or runing Tettars upon them. are eating and rebellious, if the Caraplaim is made XV. The Effence. Xt has all the Virtues of the] of the green Leaves boiled with Hogs Lard, and ap- Liquid Juice, befides which it is good for fuch as are} plied to the bitings of mad Dogs pretently, ic draws purfie and wheaze, or are fhort winded, for fuch as} forth the Venom or Poy(on, it difcufles the fwellings axe weakned by long Sicknefs, and are wafted and| of Womens Breafts, cafes pains, and draws forth fallen into a Confumption, it brings forth both Birth | Thorns, or any other thing out of the Flefh; it heals and Afterbirth, and isgood te facilitate the Birth of | alfo any fort of Scab, whether dry or moitt. fuch who have long and hard Labor; it Is Poy-| | XXIV. The Acid winifure. |v is a tingular Anti- fon of any Vegetable, and cures fuch as sochdkeen by | dote againft the Plague or Pettilence, and all forts of mad Dogs, Serpents, or other venomous Beafts; it kills Worms in Children, and prevails againft the
cers of the Lungs, HoarfenefS, Wheezing, {hortne!s of Breath; it expeCtorates tough Flegin out of the Thorax, but all this it does more effectually if it is mixt with a proportionable quantity of the Pouder of Florentine Orrice Root; it old, foul, and running Ulcers be dreft with ir, it cleanfes and heals them ; dropt into the Eyes it mightily clears the Eyefight, and dropt into the Ears kills Worms, and heals Ul- cers therein; fiuft up the Noftrils it purges the Head admirably ; taken ordinarily Morning, Noon, and Night, it is excellent good for Old Men, and others, whofé Lungs are afflitted with thin, falt, cold Rheum, caufing it to be expectorated, for which reafon it is fingularly gocd. againft Afthma’s.
VIL. The Decottion. Vt has’ all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, Effence; and Prafimel, but nothing near fo powerful , for which reafon it may be given in double or trebble quantity, Morning, Noon, and
peftilential and malign Difeates, it opens all forts of obftru€tions of the Viicera, chiefly of the Lungs, ftrengthens and fortifys the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and a ftrong Digettion, and poflibly ic may be one of the beft things againft the Rickets in Chil- dren in the World ; let it be given in all that the Pa- tient drinks, fo many drops at a time, to make the
of
Honey, and clarifying it with the White of Eggs. It ‘ Coughs, Colds, Confump md Vehicle plea&antly tharp. wat os
4 ° 4
tions, or Ul-
536 = Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
XXV. ‘The Spirituous Tintlure. \t is Cordial| whether it be not the Orhonna Diofcoridis , rather and Hyfterick, it provokes the Terms, refifts Poyfon, | than the Flos Africanus, which wears that Title. warms and comforts the Stomach, {tops Fluxes, and gives eafe in the Colick, and gripings of the Guts; as it expels Wind, fo it refifts Vapors, and being fweetned well with Honey, is an extraordinary refto- tative in Confumptions. Dofe half a Spoonful te Noon, and Night, in any convenient Ve-
icle.
XXXVI. The Oily Tinéture. It provokes the Terms as powerfully as any of the former Preparations , gives café to pains in the Back, and opens obftructi- ons of the Reins and Bladder ; it is good againft pain and ficknefS of Stomach, and any external pain of the Nerves in any Fae of the Body; it is a fingular
alfie, being inwardly taken, and
thing againft the outwardly applied to the parts affeCted, being alfo bathed along down the Back Bone Mornings and Evenings; anointed upon hurts or punétures of the Nerves, it eafes the pain and cures them, it gives eafe alfo in ftitches and pains of the Side, and in the Colick, as alfo in pains of the Gout, proceeding from what caufe foever. Dofe from ten drops to twenty, or more, dropping them firft into Sugar, and then mixing the Sugar with a Glafs of White Port Wine, and fo drinking it Morning and Night as long as need requires.
XVI. The Saline Tinfture. Mt is good againft the Itch, and all forts of itching of the Body, pre- vails againft Ringworms, Tettars, Herpes, Scurf, Morphew, Pimples, Scabs, and all other breakings
‘ty \
a a >,
~ ( rap out of the Body ; > is =a faid * ard the ‘ of . i 2ef A SF YellownefS, RednefS, Tanning, Sunburning, Frec- kles, Lentils, and the like, in what place foever they EH. orch Un d Black.
happen in, by wafhing the parts affeCted therewith
Morning and Evening, and letting it dry in. Ill. The Defcriptions. Ir bas a Root which is XXVUL. The Decottion* Compound. Take refh\ fmall, and without any long Fibres or Strings, and Horehound two Ounces, Roots of Agrimony, of Bug- fends up Jquare bairy Stalks, about a Foot high, the lofs, and of Elecampane, of each half an Ounce, Lig-\ Leaves grow on the Stalks by pairs or couples at num. Aloes, Rhubarb, of each three Drams, choice\the Joints, which are fomewhat long , and round White Port Wine three Pints, or two Quarts, boil co-\ pointed, thinner, and fuller of Veins than the Wild vered till balf be confumed, then ftrain out, and dul-\ Black Horehound, \ike unto the middle fort of Bafil, cify it with White Sugar. At is an excellent Medi-| as Clu/ius fays, but longer, and of no feent at all, as cine to open obftructions of the Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Clufius fays, but Lobel fays it has the fmell of Ste- Gall, and Womb. Dofe two Ounces every Morning | chas, or Caffidony;, the Flowers ron at the tops of falting, as much at Two after Noon, and the like at | the Stalks in prickly Husks, in Wharls or Rundles, Bed time, for fourteen or twenty days together, for| of a white color, as Clufius fays, but of a purplith the Cure of the Yellow Jaundice, color according to Lobe/;, after which comes black Seed, like oe other Kinds, and growing in like rickly Husks. : IV. The Jfecond, or Long Leav’d Black Horehound. It has a thick Root, which fpreads it felf with many blackifb Strings, by which it takes bold and fixes wt felf inthe Earth, and techs it felf alive from Year to Year , fhooting out frefh Stalks every Springs thefe Stalks are {quare, and rough , rifing up a Foot and half, or two Feet, and ieee themfelves into di- vers Branches, fet with two long and fomewhat broad Leaves at every Joint, longer and broader than Sage Leaves, and longer pointed, dented about the edges, and of a fad overworn green color, which if the Winter time remaining withered on the Branches, without falling off, are to be feen full of holes te if they had been eaten with Worms, all the} and Veins abiding as they grew, till Froft comes and caufes their Stalks to fail away; the Flowers ate: a purplifh color, greater than any of the Honebouna and more gaping; after which, (being paft away? comes the Seed in hard prickly Hus pet Horehound: This Plant has no fmell, good or bat to be found in it, but is as it were fin ae ' “Aten hk ae mT ; V. Nota. Thefe two Plants fome Authors Wir have to be no Horebounds, but yet for their, gene fake they are referred by others to this Stok,”
Cc HAP. CCCLXXV.
of HOREHOUND Black.
L HE Names. Itis called in Greek wagon ui aa, Plinij Lib. 27. Cap. 8. in Latine Prafi- um, vel Marrubium Nigrum, and in Englifh Black rebound. et The Kinds. It is the fecond of the Generick Kinds, and comprehends thefe following Species, vic. 1. Marrubium Nigrum Latifolium Baubini, Marrubium Hifpanicum Tabernamontani & Gerardi, Marrubium Nigrum Hifpanicum Parkinfoni, Mar- rubium Hifpanicum odore Stachadis Lobelij , Ocima- rum Valentinum Clufij, (becaufe fo called at Valen- tia in Spain) Black Horehound, and Spanifh Hore- hound. 2. Marrubium Nigrum Eeiaiolites Bauhi- ni, Sideritis recent, & Parietaria Monfpe- lienfium Cordi & Lugdunenfis, Herba Venti & Ron- deletij aliorum, Long Leav’d Black Horehound, and Black French Horehound. This Lobe? quettions
a
i a Ys... — . ria
Chap. 376. Enghfh Herbs. 537
can I tell to what other Family they can be fo well] put it alfo for Sideritis fecunda Diofcoridis, but An- joined, for as much as they have the very fame Vir- suilara, Gefner, Camerarius, Lacuna, Lugdunenfis,
tues with the former White Horebounds. balius, and Matthiolus, puts it for Sideritis prima is alge it is alfo Lancea Chrifti Gefneri, Mar-
fire aliorum, Our Common or Ordinary Water Hore- hound. 2, Bzaaern, Ballote, Marrubixm Nigrum Fetidum Baubini, Viegnov uray tude, Black Water Horehound , or Stinking Water Horehound, alfo
Times. They both Flower in Fuly and | Marrubium Nigrum, as moft Authors call it; but fome call it Marrubaftrum, and Lobel Marrubium
Agu, and their Seed is ripe within a Month after. I. Spurium. 3. Marrubium Aquaticum Hirfutum Baw-
and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the White | biti, Marrubium Aguaticum alterum, Hoary or Hairy Marfh or Water fooak. 4. Marrubium Nr
gum Marrubium Nigrum Creticum Alpini, Candy lack Horehound.
Ill. The Deferiptions. The firf?, or Common Water Horehound, has a Root which confifts of a bufh of blackifh Fibres or Strings, which fends forth Stalks which are fomething great and high, fquare and ftrong, having two fomewhat large and long Leaves . fet at every Joint, deeply dented or cut in about the edges, not hairy or rough at all, but fmooth and green; at the Joints with the Leaves, towards the tops, grow finall whitifh Flowers in rough green Husks, encompaffing the Stalk about; which being | paft away the Seed follows, which is round, and of a blackifh color, four ufually fet together in the ,
Husk.
Black Water Horehound.
TX. A Cataplafm. Diofcorides fays, that the Leaves being amped with Salt and applied, it cures the biting o againft which it is of great efficacy ; a Cataplafin being made alfo of the Leaves roafted in hot Embers, and applied, does wafte or confume away hard lumps or ‘knots (Ficus) in the Fundament; it alfo cleanfes foul and filthy Ulcers, as the fame Author affirms.
C H A P. CCCLXXVI. Of HOREHOUND Water.
IL“Q° HE Names. It is called in Greek Mesmor tv-
Sesv, in Latine Prafium Aquaticum, Marru- bium Aquatile, in Englifh Water Horebound, and Marfh Horehound.
Horehound Water.
EN
Aho ZN “lh fp he
\ e Wy
f p ‘Ss, \
IV. The fecond, or Black Water Horehound, has a black thready Root , from whence rife up feveral quare, blackifh, bairy, green Stalks, on which grow upon long footftalks fomewhat roundith dark green Leaves, full of veins, a little hairy, and indented
Il. The Kinds. There are Greil forts hereof ,
viz. 1. Marrubium icum Vulgare Lobelij, Lug-|about the edges, two always at a Joinr, and of a q i, & Tragi, Lobel and Lonicerus | ftrong fmell, the Flowers are gaping, and of a pur-
ZZ plifh
. Leaves fomewhat like to thofe of a Primrofe, being
plith color, fomewhat like the Red Archangel , or “fad Netile , growing in greenifh Husks , and en- Compatling the Stalk, as the others do; the Seed al- fo is black and round , four fet together, as in the Other: This Plant Parkinfon fays he has found fome- umes with white Flowers.
V. The third or Hairy Marth or Water’ Hore- hound. Je bas-(quare hoary Stalks, a little hairy and rough, on which grow Leaves by pairs or couples, as it the former, which ate haity, hard, and hoary, much more cut in on the edges than the firftat Seek 3. above, cut in fo deep, as to reach fometimes eyen | to the middle Rib, making them feem like the Leaves of the Great Mountain Scabious, the ends being pointed and fharp; the Flowers are {mall and whitifh, ftanding in rough green Husks, encompaf- fing the Stalk about, which being paft away the follows, which is blackifh and round at the bottom of the Husk.
VI. The fourth , or Candy Black Horehound, bas a fibrous or ftringy Root, which fends forth its firft
England, we fhall only treat of the three followine
vis. 1. Stackys Gerardi, Dodonei, Lugdunenfis, Te bernamontant , Matthioli, Stachys minor Camera ij Stachys Floribus gratioris odoris Gefneri Stachys Lychnitis , Stachys Spuria Flandrorum Lobelij - Sta chys Italica minor Baubini, Salvia Sylveftris tertig Cefalpini, Wild Horehound, Bafe Horehound, Leffer Horehound, and Italian Horehound. 2. Stachys Kuch. Sij , Stachys Germanica Gefneri, Stachys Germanica major Camerarij, Pfeudoflach s Matthioli, & Luedy- nenfis, Stachys minor Germanica Baubini, Marrubj- um Montanum Album Thali, Sideritis Heraclea Co- lumne, Fabij, Salvia Sylveftris co Great Wild
Horehound, or Great Bafe Horehound. 3. Stachys Paluftris Gefneri & Camerarij, Marrubium Aguati cum acutum Gerardi, Betonica fetida Gefn Collatione Stirpium, Sideritis prima gravis odor lechampij & Thalij, Clymenum minus Lugdun Terziola Cefalpini, (becaufe it cures Tertiar Lyfimachia Galericulata Adulterina Befler Hortus Eyflerenfis, Marfh Wild Horehou
Horehound. many, larger and longer than thofe of the White | Horehound, dented about the edges, and {harp point- ‘ed, as large as thofe of Bawa, and of fo black a color, as ic may feem to be {fo colored or dyed by
Art; trom among thefe Leaves fprings up a fquare y ; Oe
Stalk, or Stalks, upon which, as it were at Joints, OR yf 2° ; grow many fucli like Leaves together, but lefler, up Horehouiio gy ‘on LBe/d P to the tops, where the Flowers ftand encompaffing ; BOS “¢
them, being in form like to thofe of Horehound, but sare alfo, the Plant being wholly without finell or tafte. .
Leos =
VII. The Places. They all grow in moift and wet Grounds, the two firft in feveral places of Eg- land, the fecond has been found in the way to Roche- fier, about half a Mile from Gravefend, the third grows in Av/tvia, the fourth in Candy, but the two laft not with us, unlefS planted in Gardens.
VU. ‘The Times. They all Flower in the Sum- mer Months, as in the latter end of Fume, in Fuly, and Auguft, and give their Seed foon after.
1X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of the three laft are the fame with thofe of White Horebound in Chap. 374. aforegoing , and the fecond of thefé are faid to have the Virtues of the Black Horehbounds in Chap. 375. Set#. 9. being ufed and applied in the fame manner.
X. As to the Qualities and Virtues of the firft of thefe in this Chapter Authors have faid nothing, but this | have found by experience, that-it is an excel- lent Vulnerary , whether inwardly taken in Juice, Effence, Decoftion, Wine, or Tinéture, or ourward- ly applied in Oil, Balfam, Ointment, Cerate, or Cauplaim, @e.
Ill. The Deftriptions.- The firft hound, which is thought to be the ofcoridis, bas a Root which is woody and du made of divers blackifh Strings, which perifhe git it bas given Seed; from this Root ti oft, woolly, green Leaves, lying up and abiding all the Winter, fomewhat long, of about two Inches in brea: length, fmooth, and not dented at ;
C H A P. CCCLXXVIL. of HOREHOUND Wild,
OR, vers Stalks, bearing divers fuch like Leaves but leffer, and fet by pairs or couples one of ST ACH YS to another at the Joints, fomewhat hard, and z
tle longer and whiter than thofe of Common Ho ; hound, ‘5 which the whole Plant is very like) the —
Stalks alfo are high and jointed, and fet with fott hairs; from the middle of the Stalks, and. fo wards, come forth feveral Flowers, of a yellow I]. The Kinds. Authors make about feven Kinds, | lor, as Lobe’, Camerarius, and Ger *
but by reafon the moft of them are not to be had in]a purplifh color as Parkinfon fays, {
LY AE Names. tis called in Greek Ezay¥s, in Latine alfo Stachys, and in Englifh' Wild Horehound, Bafe Horehound, and Stachys.
Chap. 377.
— English Herbs.
ae
feen any of the Ye//ow) thefe Flowers ftand in foft- er Husks than thofe of the former, or Common Hore- bounds, and with a narrower Wharle encompafs the Stalk, after which come blackifh round Seed; the tops are finall and long, and end as it were ina Spike, being of a fweet fimell, as Gerard fays, but Parkinfon {ays the fmell is fmall with us, and not fo pleafant as others fay it is, for any thing that ever he could obferve.
IV. The fecond, or Great Wild Horehound, (which is the Great Dutch Bafe Horehound.) It bas a Root which is bard, pe eae e/low; the Stalks here- of are thick, fourfquare, and hoary, fometimes two or three Feet high, the Leaves are broad, long, pag nicked in the edges, and hairy, as alfo are the Stalks; thefe Leaves are indeed fomewhat like uhto great Sage Leaves for the color on both fides, but larger, and much broader than thofe of the Com- mon Horehound, and a little dented about the edges the joints of the Stalks are fet with fuch like Leaves,
- but fomewhart leffer than thofe below, two at each
Joint, encompaffing the Stalk; the Flowers grow at the Joints alfo in Wharls, which encompafg the Stalk likewife about with Flowers of a purplifh color to- wards the tops of the Stalks, which are greater than thofe of the Common Horebounds , as indeed all the reft of the Plant is, and which has a much ftronger fimell than the others have; the Flowers being patft away, the Seed follows at the bottoms of the Husks, which is round, and of a blackifh color.
V. The third, or Marfh Wild Horehound. Ir has @ Root which is fomewbat long and thick, jointed at Several fpaces, with Fibres at them, which fends up Square, round, and hairy Stalk or Stalks, about two a high, with two fomewhat long and narrow dark green Leaves, but grey underneath, and pointed at the ends, dented about the edges with round dents, like to Betony, fet at every Joint, and having fome- what a ftrong unfavory fmell, at the upper Joints with the Leaves come forth feveral pale reddifh Flowers, fet in ranks, like unto Betony; after which comes finall, roundifh, blackifh, or brown Seed.
VI. The Places. The firft grows plentifully in Italy, in the Fields about Rome, as Matthiolus and Caf Durantes fay, and alfo in Germany, as others affirm, with us it grows only in Gardens; the fecond is a native of Germany, as Camerarius, Lonicerus , Thalius and Gefner fet down; it is alfo a native ot England, and has been found growing wild in Ox- fordfbire, in the-Field adjoining to Whitney Park, about a Mile fromthe Town: the thitd grows in plafhy places in low Grounds in feveral Countries, and in Foe” ogy in England.
VII. The Times. They all of them flower in the Month of Fu/y, from the beginning to the end, and the Seed is ripe in Avguff, or not many Weeks after the flowering.
VIII. The Qualities. The two firff are hot and dry in the third ms a little bitter, opening, digefting, and cleanfing, Pe€toral, Hepatick, Splenetick, Hyfte- rick, Sudorifek, Emmenagogick, Alexipharmick, and Analeptick.
IX. The Specification, Preparations, and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the White Horehound in Chap. 374. Sef. 12. ad 28. aforegoing, fo that no more need be faid thereof:
and the parts alfo being fomented with the Decoéti- on in Water, and the Patient fitting over the warm fumes of the fame.
XI. The third, or Marth Wild Horehound, is a -
fingular good Wound Herb, ferving both to heal green Wounds, running Sores, and old filthy Ulcers, the Juice, Effence, Deco€tion, or Wine thereof being given inwardly, and an Oil, Ointment, Balfam, Ca-
taplafin, or Pouder thereof being alfo outwardly |
applied. a
CH AP. CCCLXXVIIL
of HORSEFOOT, ee, 7) R, COLTSFOOT Strange.
LH HE Names. It is called in Greek Kardaay §
Atonned Diofcoridis, Kexevov Galeni, in Latine Cacalia, and Cacanum, (not Cancanum, as fome write it) in Englifb Horfefoot, and Strange Coltsfeot..
II. The Kinds. Authors make three Species hereof, viz. 1. Cacalia incana Folio rotundo, Hoa Horfefoot. 2. Cacalia Folio glabro acuminato, Taff logo Alpina vel Montana Dalechampij, Smooth Leav’d. tharp pointed Horfefoor. 3. Cacalia Americana, vel Virginiana, Horfefoot of Virginia.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Hoary Horfe- foot, bas a long white Root, divided into many heads, with many long Strings and Fibres thereat, of a glu- tinous or clammy tafte, like unto Gum Tragacanth, encreajing thereby very much, from thefe Heads {hoot up ftriped reddifh Stalks, with large round Leaves on them, larger and thicker than Co/tsfoor, and more woolly alfo on the upper fide, yet with a greennefs to be feen in them, but very woolly and white un- derneath , with fome Ribs and Veins in them, of a little bitterifh unpleafant tafte, from among thefe Leaves rife up ftriped, woolly, and reddifh Stalks , two or three Feet high, having {everal leffer Leaves on them, and all of them dented about the edges, branching forth at the top into feveral {mall Sprigs of pale purplifh Flowers, made of four {mall Leaves apiece, with fome Threads in the middle, which af- ter they have been a while blown do turn into Down, which is carried away with the Wind: Da/echampi- ws fays, that in the middle of the Flowers ate found hanging down fmall white Grains like Pearls, to make it anfwer P/iny’s Defcription.
IV. The fecond, or Smooth Horfefoot, hr a Root like the former, and bas Leaves as large, but thicker, harder, fmootber, and greener, not hoary or woolly at all, but dented or waved about the edges, and pointed alfo with the roundnefS, but not open at the Stalks, as the other is; the Stalks are in like manner ftriped, but fmooth, bearing the like Flow- ers at the tops, but fomewhat paler.
V. The third, or Horfefoot of Virginia, bas a Root confifting of a bufh of blackifh Fibres or Threads, which abides the extremity of Winter, the Statks and Leaves both perifbing Pease but growing brownifh towards the end; it rifes up with many round Stalks, about a yard high, and two fomewhat round, but pointed Leaves, a little dented about the edges, at
each joint of them, the upper Leaves being imaller, and little or nothing dented; at the tops of the Stalks come forth feveral Branches, with pure white
S23 Flowers,
j | ;
54° ~—‘ Salmons Herbal. = Lib. 1.
Flowers, divers fmall ones i 1 growing almoft together, — confifting of five Leaves ation each slower ri- ng out of a fnall Husk, which being paft {mall Seed follows, each fticking to a little Down, which are carried away together with the Wind, this Plant has no fmell neither in its Root, Leaf, nor Flower,
tho” Cornutys feems to affirm it.
CH A P, CCCLXXIX.
we Shit de ee ey" eT"
of HORSE TAIL Meadow, | OR, SHAVEGRASS.
R ‘ E . \Ae E 4 I. HE Names. Itis called in Arabick Dhen- bh \\ FA onse Foot a Alcail, Dhenb Alchi, and Dhaneb Aleail pn, Wh . in Greek “Sarreeis, ® ‘Iaaveis, in Latine Hippuris E- WZ, Smooth. quifetum, Canda Equina, Equinalis, (Elon wis form
\/ fee F ‘| B= MW MY,
of a Horfe Tail) and by Pliny Equifetss, by fome Sa- lix Equina, and Saagictalis frou : effets. of fio ping of Blood ; in Englifh Horfetail.
Il. The Kinds. Authors have made feveral forts hereof, and very much multiplied the Species, we fhall in this Work divide them into three principal Kinds, and under each give you the chief of thofe forts which are ufeful in Phyfick, and commonly grow with us in England; you {hall have then, 1. Eguifetum Paluftre, Marth or Water Horfetail,, of which in this Chapter. 2. Equifetum Pratenfe, Meadow Horfetail, of which in Chap. 380, 3. E- quifetum Nudum, Naked Horfetail , of which in Chap. 381. following.
\\ nf
AWN WN ieee HKG INNS ~
VI: The Places. The firft and fecond Kinds grow in the Vallies of Mountains, by Baths, and places abounding with moifture, in many Countries of Ex- rope, but very rarely in England, unlefs planted in Gardens; the third grows in America, as in Canada, Virginia, New-England , Maryland, and Carolina, in which laft place I have found much of it.
VIL. The Times. They all Flower and Seed in the Summer Months, much about the time (as Au- thors fuppofe) when Coltsfoor Flowers and Seeds.
VIIL The Qualities, Specification, vhs eee and Virtues, ave the fame with Coltsfoot a oreguing, to which you are referred, I have had experience of that which grows in America, and I found it to have the fame Qualities and Vircues with our Englifh Coltsfoot, and to be fully as effeftual,
—— 2 =
=
© sta;
IX. Nota. 1. Authors fay, that the Root fteep- ed in Wine and eaten prevails againft Coughs and Hoarfenefs, (for that it is a Plant without any {harp- nefS) and the fame things Galen affirms of his Caca- ‘num; the Root moderately dries, is without any biting quality, and is of a grofs and emplaftick fub- ftance; being beaten raw, and applied as a Cata- plafin to the Gout, it eafes the pain thereof’, {tops the afflux of Humors, and ftrengthens the parts: Ge- rard fays, that if you chew the Root and fwallow down the juice, it is no lefs available than the Juice of Liquorice in all the Cafes to which that Root and Juice is ordinarily applied.
Horfetail IIL. The Kinds of the Marjo OF Wate’ ufire Le
It is fivefold, viz. 1- E wee mbich Angie
Plinij, ‘The Jufire
X. Nota. 2. Diofcorides fays, that the Pearl like Grains which are found in his Cacalia being made into a Pouder, and mixed with fome proper Ojint- ment or Cerate, will make the Skin fmooth, and as Pliny fays, will ftay the falling of the Hair.
tthe Polygonum Femina
Chap. 379. Enghfh Herbs. = 5A
and fit to rub, fhave or fmooth wooden things, aS fome of thé others; it differs not much in the man- ner of growing from the former, the chiefeft differ- ence is, in that it is fmaller, and the Leaves or Bri- ftles, (as fome call them) which are fet at the Joints, are fewer and fhorter. “VIL The fourth , or Barren Marth Horfetail. It has a long Root, like that of Couch, or Quitch-Grafs,
tertium Pilinij (from the many Be it has) of Mat- thiolus, Gefner, and others, Polygonum Femina Se- mine Vidua Lobelij, Sanguinalis Femina Cordi, Bar- ren Marfh Horfetail, Marfh Horfetail with fhorter Leaves. 5. Equifetum minus tenuifolium, which is the fmalleft es fineft Leav’d Horfetail , and is very like to Equifetum tenuiffimis © longiffims Folijs Bau- bint. 6. Equifetum Fetidum, Stinking Horfetail.
ny Fibres or Threads, and from which Root at cer- tain diftances rife up feveral hollow Stalks, which at feveral {paces are fet with fimall Leaves in rundles, like to thofe of Woodroof, altogether barren of Flow- ers and Seed, for which reafon Lobel called it Poly gonum Femina Semine Vidua, but Fobnfon fays, that
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater Marfh Horfetail. Ir bas a pretty thick Root, which creeps under Ground, having Joints at feveral places, and Fibres pprinsing therefrom, at its firft {pringing up it has Heads, fomething like to thofe of A/paragus, which afterwards grow to be hard, rough, hollow Stalks, jointed at feveral places up to the top, grow- ing to be a foot high, fo made as if the lower part were put into the upper, at which grow on each fide a buh of fmall, long, hard, Ruth-like Leaves, each part refembling a Horfe Tail, (from which it came to be fo called , (as is above hinted) at the tops of hea come forth fmall Catkins, like to thofe of Trees.
joint, for which reafon Bazhine called it Equifetum
Paluftre brevioribus Folijs Polyfpermon;, this differs
little from the laft, faving that it is often found to no Seed, as the others do.
VIII. The fifth, or Smalleft and fineft Leav’d Horfetail. It has a kind of jointed and fibrous Root, from whence rifes up one pretty thick Stalk, and very
; «| full of Foints, {preading it felf out into many lo V. The fecond, or Broad Leav’d Marth Horfetail, Branches, and pts of the whole a kind of | Buthe
has a Root which is creeping, and jointed, like the F : formers the Stalks are about a Foot and half high Sh hve Loney aol ecg et ith very inal hollow, and jointed in the fame manner, fet with manner as the othersdo.
Leaves after the fame fafhion, but that they are Te : broader than thofe of Toad-Flax, green, rou het: IX. The fixth, or Stinking Horfetail. Is has a and eafie to break; what Julie or Catkin it bears has| 2% Jointed Root, fet with Fibres, and the Stalk grows not been obferved. ; to be many times about a yard long, growing Sometimes wholly under Water, and fometimes both in and out of the Water; the Stalks are replenifhed with feve- ral Branches, but ftriped athwart, and fet with fhort Leaves at every joint, as in the other Hor/erai/s, but they are fomewhat jagged or divided towards the tops, and at the joints under Water come forth fe- veral fmall Fibres or Threads; the Plant is green whilft ic is in the Water, but taken forth and dried it becomes grey and brittle, eafily to be rubbed into footer with ones Fingers, and falling alfo into pou- er of its felf by lying; it fmells fomewhat like to Brimftone, whence came the Epithet faridum.
X. The Pieces. They all grow in wet and moift places, and fome of them in ftanding Waters, in many parts of this Kingdom; the firft and fecond in moift or wet Grounds, the third and fourth in ftand- ing Waters, the fifth in low wet Grounds in Woods, as near Highgate, not far from London, &c. the fixth Gerard {ays may be found towards the latter end of the Year in feveral Ditches on the back fide of Sourh- wark, near St. George’s Fields, covered over with Water, as alfo in the ftanding Waters of St. Fames’s Park; and this is that which is taken to be Bazbi- nus’s Equifetum fetidum fub Aqua repens.
XI. The Times. They fpring up with their blackifh Heads in Apri/, their blooming Carkins ap- pear in Fuly, and their Seeding time is for the moft_ part in Augu/?, after which they perifh and fall to the Earth, fpringing up afrefh again the next | Spring. , :
XII. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpe&t to heat or coldnefS, and dry in the third degree, it has fome bitternefs, and mightily dries without biting, it is Aftringent, Diuretick ; and Traumatick, Ne- phritick, Arthritick, and Pectoral.
VI. The third, or Leffler Marth Horfetail. It bas} XIII. The Specification. It {tops all forts of his a very long Root, according to the depth of the Water,| es, and fluxes of Blood, whether inward or ries A grofs, thick, and jointed, with fome few Fibres or | heals Ulcers and Excoriations , and ous : i S, Threads adjoining thereto, from the heads of this} Coughs, and Colds, and prevails againft the Stran- Root rife up great, thick, jointed Stalks, on which grow long, rough, Rufhy Leaves, Pyramid or Stee- ple fafhion, the whole Plant is alfo rough, hard,
onxIV. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. An age ee
from which, as from a kind of Foints, come forth ma |
it is fometimes found with ten or more Seeds at each -
"ae
2 Salmon’s Herbal. = Lib. 1.
Decottion - Water aE A Decottion in Wine. — 5. A| ven; but the Leaved and {fmoother Kind + 4s a= $e sa h Pouder. 6. A Diffilled Water. 7. A Sallet. to be chofen for Medicinal ufes, and are mofo monly ufed in Phyfick.
The Virtues.
XV. The Liquid Fuice. It is of a binding quali- ty, and dries without fharpnefs, and is very power- ful to ftop bleeding in any part, inward or outward, being drank from one Ounce to two, or three, or
ee as if the bleeding is external. XVI. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues, befides which it {tops all fluxes of the Bowels what- foever, fluxes of Seed in Man or Woman, and alfo Apitting, vomiting, or pifling of Blood, it heals al-
© not only the inward Excoriations and Ulcers of the Guts, Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, &c. but all other kinds of inveterate, moift, running, and foul Ulcers, whether internal or external; it is alfo an extraordinary good Vulnerary, for it quickly and eafily conglutinates the lips of fimple green Wounds, not fuffering them to come to digeftion, it is an excellent thing to cure Ruptures in Children, for by infinuating it felf into the MafS of Blood and other
Juices, it difpofes them for conglutination , and by circulation the edges of the Peritoneum become con- folidated, it is faid to cure Ruptures in elder Per-
fons, being ufed with a_long continuando, accord-
ing as the Habit of the Patient may be, the Difeafe being recent; being drunk to one, two, or three
Ounces, mixed in a GlafS of White Port Wine, it
gives eafe in the Strangury, Stone, and Gravel, opens
the obftructions of the Urinary parts, provoking the
Urine, and expelling the tartarous Mucilage, it
ought in this Cafe to be given Morning, Noon, and
Night; it gives eafe in the Colick, and mixed with
Honey into 2 Lohoch, it is effeftual ae Coughs,
Colds, and Catarrhs; being externally ufed warm
to hot Puftules, red Wheals, inflamations of the
Skin, and other like Eruptions, it eafes the pain,
difcufles the tumor, and allavs the inflamation.
KVL The Decoétion in Water. Outwardly ufed in Baths it abates the heat of inflamations, and being fomented upon excoriations in the privy parts of Man or Woman, or ufed as an Injettion in a Go- norrhoea, it cleanfes, dries, and heals the fame.
XVIIL The Decottion in Wine. It has all the
Virtues of the Liquid Juice and Effence, but ought to be ufed in a larger Dofe, as from twe Ounces to four, or fix; it ftrengthens the Stomach wonderful- ly, and is good againft Vomiting , forenefS of the Ventricle, and other difaffeCtions of the fame.
XIX. The Pouder. Given inwardly to one Dram in any proper Vehicle, it has all the Virtues cf the Juice and Effence, but operates not altogether fo ef- fettually, nor fo fpeedily , outwardly applied to any Hamorthage, it prefently ftops it, it cleanfes, dries up the humidity, and heals old Ulcers, and caufes the lips of green Wounds to confolidate, &c.
XL The Diftilled Water. At has the fame Vir- tues with the Juice, Effence, and Decoftions, but is much inferior to them, yet it is very good to wath
foul Ulcers with to cleanfé them, and to be ufed as a Vehicle for the other Preparations, as alfo to make an Eye Water with, and Injetions for the Yard, Womb, Fiftula’s, &c.
XXL. The Sallet. It is made of the young buds or heads a while after they are fprung out of the Ground, you are to boil them as A/paragus, and to drefs them up in like manner, or being firft boiled, they may then be ftrewed with Flower, then fiyed, and fo eaten.
XXIL Nota. Many Country Women make ufe of therough forts of Horferail tor to rub and {cower their Pewter and wooden Veflels, and fometimes to
polifh and finooth things which are rough and une-
CH A P. CCCLXXx. |
of HORSET AIL Meadow, OR, ; Meadow SHAVEGRASS.
I. HE Names. It iscalled in Greek "lamels ar usviay in Latine Equifetum Pratenfe, and in Englifh Meadow Horfetail, ot Meadow Shavegrafs.
. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Equifetum Pratenfe majus, Equifetum alterum Matthioli, Lug- dunenjis, aliorumque, Hippuris altera Tragi, Hippu- ris Fontalis Lobely, ages Pratenfe he longif- fimis Baubini, The Greater Meadow Horfetail. 2. E aan Pratenfe minus, The Leffler Meadow
t8) etal .
‘ o 47,
—= ——
=< — : — >
== 4
a
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firf?, or Great Mea- dow Horfetail, bus a fmall Root, and fingle, with fome few fibres or firings adjoining to it, from which rifes up a rough chamfered Stalk, jointed at certain fpaces, having at each joint two bufhes of rough briftly Leaves, fet one againft another; in the form and manner of growing it differs but little from fome of the former, fave that it grows greater, and ba with more ftore and longer Leaves than any at joints, each Leaf for the moft part being jointed allo with little, but fcarcely difcernable joints. HP +
IV. The second, or Leffer Meadow. Horfetail, hat 4 Root not much unlike to the Greater Marth Horfetail, with feveral Fibres or Strings adjoiming 10 it, ct ep ing under Ground, with joints as ib were, ror which Root firft {pring up fealy heads, like t
abe S.Reeet ere
= 3 . ~~ alt
Chap. 381. Englih Herbs. 543
Ligdunenfis, Sanguinalis famine fimilis Cordt, *\a- mess dwrr@, five Equifetum Folijs Nudum non ra- mofum, five Funceum Bauhini, Equiferum Nidum, Naked Horfetail. © 2. Equifetum Funceum ramofum, Equifetum Matthioli & Lugdunenfis, Hipparis mi- nor Lobeliy & Dodomer, Branched Horfetail, and Branched Naked Horferail. 2. Eouiferum Nudum minus variegatum Baubini, Small Naked Horfétail variegated or party colored. ~~ we
Mahed-Horstaile. i :
H
of Broom Rape, or rather Afparagus heads, which afterwards grow up to be hollow, rough, jointed Stalks, eight or ten Inches high, thefe Stalks are jointed up to the top, and at thofe joints come forth as it were a bufh of fimall, long, hard Leaves, much longer and more in number than thofe of the Greater Marfh Horfetail aforenamed, with Catkins not much differing therefrom. .
F a Oo xy WAM aN AWW 4
~
SAT Po. NI nes as E
it PA 4} 7 “ap DAN SN V. The Places. They both grow in Meadows, | near Hedges, and Groves, and by Wood fides in moift Grounds, in many places of this Land; th are alfo oftentimes to be found in dry Lands, and by the borders of Land Ground where it adjoins to Fen- ny Ground,
VI. The Times. Their Heads fpring up early in the Spring, and grow up in. the Summer Months, the Catkins blooming in Fu/y, and Seeding for the y : jou moft part in Augu/t. ing ftraight upright, thefe Stalks are of a rough and
VIE The Qualities, Specification, Preparations ,| Rush like fubltance, growing to be a Foot or more and Virtues, are the fame with thofe in Chap. 379. | high, fometimes to two or three Feet high, -accord- laft aforegoing, fo that we fhall fay no more of them | ing to the goodnefs of the Ground; -by its nakednefs in this place. of Leaves it is known from all the other Kinds of Hor fetail, and is more ufed by feveral Workmen to fmooth and polifh their Works of Wood, Bone, Var- nifh, and Japan, than any of the others.
IV. The "heard, or Branched Ruth Horfetail, Bas Roots like the former, and difters only from it in its growing with many Stalks from tlie top of one that firft rifes out of the Ground, and that many of thofe Stalks do branch themfelves forth into othets, all of them full of joints, and without Leaves, {0 that the whole féems to be a kind of Buth.
V. The third, or Small Naked Horfetait variega- ted. It bas a fmall, blackifh, creeping Rot, frem which fpring up feveral fmall, hollow, pale green Stalks , of a Foot high, and fometimes not fo much, I. HE Names. It is called in Greek ‘Iris | and full of joints, the lower points of which are
yuvis in Latine Hippuris Nuda, ere blackifh, and the upper whitih , without Leaves, Nudum, and in Englifh Naked Horfetail, or Naked | (which is probable to be the fame which Jobu/fon on M
Ss $. : erard fays he found with fmall Leaves, and called IL. Kinds. There are three Kinds hereof,| Horfetail Coralline, tho’ this may fometimes feem to vig. 1. Hippuris Tragi, Equifetum Funceum Tragi,
Ill. The Deferiptions. The fir/?, or Naked Horfe- tail, bas a Root which is jointed, and creeps, like the others, from whence rife up many flraight naked Stalks, jointed, but without any Leaves at the joints fometimes the Stalks are fingle, and fometimes with one or two other like Stalks fpringing out of their fides, which are likewife jointed, ‘naked, and grow-
CH A P. CCCLXXXI.
OfHORSETAIL Naked, O:Ry > Naked SHA VEGRASS,.
differ both from his and that of Ge/ner ) at the tops whereof
Whereof ftand fall red Heads, et and pleafant fmell, which confifts of many Catkin, the Crown of which, being white, has eight | /ong, bard, whith firings, growing from a Head: or ten very Small fharp in The Plant is very like unto the Chamedaphne vera which being trodden on w Diofcoridis for the manner of its growing, for this
VL. The Places. They grow in moi from the head of the Root aforementioned fhoots in the furrows and borders © t forth feveral hard Stalks, with Leaves on them, one Ditch fides in Woods, and in the Fenns, in feveral } above another, as that Plant does, and much about places of England, Holland, and Flanders. the fame length, the Leaves are long, narrow at the
VIL. The Times. They Ground | lower part next the Stalk, broad in the middle, like early in the Spring Time, and flourith all the Sum- | a Belly, and very fharp pointed, having Ribs run- mer Months to Autumn, 2 fometimes three or
VILL. The Qualities, § ecification, Preparations and Virtues of thefe are the {ame with thofe of the Marfb Kinds Treated of in Chap. 379: aforegoing, to which you are referred.
TK. Nota. The Powder. Wis one of the moft powerful driers that is, and bein {trewed upon old, moift, and sunning Sores and Ulcers, it prefently dries them up and heals them. —
CHA P. CCCLXXXIL
of HORSETONGUE, OR, DOUBLETONGUE.
LT HE Names. Itis called in Greek ‘Tamynernys and Uatyawsou, in Latine Hippogloffum, i. €-) Lingua Equina, Lingua magna, alfo Hypagloffum , \ j. e. Biflingua, Tongue upon Tongue; Vitloriola Apulet), Lingua Pagana aliorum , Bonifacia Angui- lare, Uvalaria Brunfelfij, Loniceri, Tobernamonta- ni, aliorumque, in Englifh Horfetongue, and Double tongue, alfo Tongue upon Tongue.
upper fide, and about the middle of the Leaf, which es it to differ from all other Plants which grow = the Earth, from which double Leaf came the ame of Doubletongue ; under the fmaller Leaf, at the bottom where it joins unto the greater, comes forth one fimall, whitifh, green Flower, and fome- times two, ftanding upon thort footftalks, where af- wards {tand the Berries, which when they are ripe are very red, very like unto the- Yew Tree Ber- ries, and in which is contained a white hard Seed.
ue Greater.
Il. ‘The Kinds. Authors make but two Kinds hereof, viz. 1. Hippoglofjum, Hyposliie Biflingua, Cauda Equina minor, The Leffe Doubletongue. 2. Hippogloffum , Biflingua major , The Greater Horfetongue, Ge.
Horre=Tongue small.
IV. The fecond, or Greater Horfetongue, It is in all refpetts very like to the former, ving that the aa as Syne higher, the Leaves eee
aving longer. Tongues upon t n th ee this fays Fabius Ciaeae oe ie to
nd. V. The Ploces. ‘They both grow upon Hills apd firft more common to be met withal, and with us is ony nurs’d up in Gardens. » lL. The Times. They flower in Fane in the Me tural places where they grow, viz. in ; tries, and the Berries are ripe in September , oF 1a of the Leaf: ay ae ai j VIL. The Qualities. Hor fetongue is We nd a in the fecond degree, it is Aperitive, terick, DM menagogick, and Traumatick. ‘ » es . The Spiiedies It is an abfolute
Ill. The Deferiptions. The firft, or Leffer
Horf tongue, bas a Root which is whise and tough, and of againft the fuftacation of the Womb, pro
in Woods in feveral places of Italy an Germany, the 7
“Terms, caufes a fpeedy delivery to Women in Labor,
drives forth the Afterbirth, helps the Strangury, and expels Stones, Sand, Gravel, and. Tartarous Matter out of the Reins and Bladder, and opens all obftru- tions of the Viftera. .
IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. A Liguid Face. 2. An Effence. 2. A Decotti- on in Wine. 4. A Pouder of Leaves or Roots. 5. An Acid Tinéture. 6. A Spirituous Tinture. 7. An Oily Tinfure.
The Virtues.
as alfo at the time of a Paroxifm, or ent is in extremity. OSA XI. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues of the Liquid Juice, and is very good to expel the Stone, Gravel, Sand, or Tartarous Mucilage, out of Urinary parts, being given two or three Spoon- ata time in any proper Vehicle for feveral days together, it is faid alfo to be good for fich as have
a Rupture, for which Difeafe it is thought that
there is no better Remedy, for that by. the continu- ance of its ufe it will knit and heal the part, provi- ded alfo that the Patient be accommodated with a
convenient Trufs for a good while after as well as
during the whdle time of the Cure. XII. The Decottion in Wine. \t has all the Vir- tues of the Juice and Effence, but much lefs power- ful in its operation or effefts, for which reafon it is the oftner to be given, and that from four to fix Ounces at a time; it is good for fuch as have an im- perfeftion in their Speech, it not being natural, or trém the conformation of the patts; it is ptofitable alfo againft Sores and Ulcers it the Mouth and Throat, and fo ftrengthens the Uvula, a8 to confirm and fix it in its natural ftate, drying up the humidi- ties, which many times relax it, and hurt ic§ Tone. XI. The Pouder of the Leaves or- Roots. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, Effence, and Decoftion, and may be given froma Dram to two Drams, repeating a Dram at a time till three or four Drams are given, if need fo require, ‘being gi- ven to a Woman in Labor; it may be given in Ca- nary, Malaga, or Tent, or any other poe Wine or Vehicle as the Phyfician fhall think moft fit, &7c. it cures old and filthy Ulcers in any part of the
ody.
XIV. The Acid Tinfure. It opens obftruétions powerfully, fuppreffes Vapors, cures Fits of the Mo- ther, and is one of the beft things in the World to cure the Rickets in Children, kill Worms in their Stomach and Bowels, caufe in them a good Appe- tite, and reftore them in Confumptions. Dofe fo — drops (in any Ale, Beer, or Wine) as to make it pleafantly and gratefully tharp.
V. The Spirituous Tinfture, It has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, and Pouder, but is much more Cordial and reftefhing; it is good againft Convulfi- ons, Palfies, Fainting and Swooning Fits, ftrength- ens the Stomach, eafes pains and gripings in the Bowels, as alfo after pains of Women in Childbed , and is a good thing to be given with a continuando to Childbed Women, tocaufe a compleat cleanfing,
| requires.
and to reftore the Tone of ‘the Womb. Dofe frort one Dram to two, or three, Morning and Night in any proper Vehicle, it may alfo be given at any other time upon an exigency, or in any extremity of pain, or fainting. pat
VI. The Oily Tinfure. This is a powerful thing again{ft the Colick, or any oppreflion of Wind in any of the Bowels, it opens powerfully the Urina- ty paflages, and gives eafe in the Strangury, Stone, or fuppreffion of Urine by reafon of Gravel, or any Tartarous Matter lodged inany of the Urinary parts it is an excellent thing alfo againft the Palfie, being inwardly given, and alfo outwardly anointed along upon the Spina Dor/i, and the parts affected with thé fame; ou y anointed with in any Ach or Pain, in what part of the Body foever, as alfo upon parts
ed with the Gout from a cold caufe, it gives eafe and relief. Dofe from ten ‘drops to thirty drops, firft dropt into Sugar, and then mixt with any fit Vehicle for the purpofe you intend it; it may be given Morning and Night fo long as need
CH-A P. CCCLXXXIIL of HOU NDS TONGUE, OE OR, “DOGSTONGUE. I. HE Names. It is called in Greek Kurbyawee
ar, Y Kbybyawzens, in Latine Cynoglofjum, and Prreslofis ie. Canina Lingua, a Folijs Caninam
| Linguam imitantibus, in Englifh Houndjtongue, and
Dagflongus but Gerard fays itis rather to be cal- led Hownds-Pifs, becaufe there is nothing in the World which fmells fo like to Dogs Fifs as the Leaves of this Plant.
rn Common Hounos tongue : 7 aha 24 an D Wry at | < SAA. SNA Manly & 2. Jaa
\
SS
Ka
SINT X
> SS ~
Ui. The Kinds. Authors make many Kinds of q this Herb, but we fhall in this Difcourfe take notice of no more than the fix following Kinds, v/s. 1.
Cynoglolfum, Cynogloffum vulgare, Cynogloffium maj us vulgare, Cynoglofja vulgaris, Our dommon Hounds- tongue, and Common Great Hound{tongue. 2. Cy- noglojjum maximum Lobelij, The Greateft Hounds- tongue. 3. Cynogloffzm maximum Montanum, Cy- noglofja maxima Montana Regionum frigidarum Fubij Columne, Cynoglofiem Sylvaticum Caule rubente Bavw- bini, which he thinks to be the fame with the Gyno- Slojfium Sylvaticum Harcynicum Thalij, and the C- nogloffum Montanum Cafalpini, The Great Moun- tain Hounditongue. 4. Cynogloffium femper virens Baubini, Cynogloffa media Folio virente Columne, Ever green Hounditongue. 5. Cynoglofum minus, five pufillum, Cynoglojjum pufillum Narbonenfe Lobelij, Small Hounditongue. 6. Cyxogloflum minus Hlore ceruleo, Cynoglofja minor Cordi, Cynogloffum Italicum Cumerarij, Cynoglolfiem pufillum Nerbonenfe Lugd- anfis & Eyfletenfis, Small Houndftongue with | biew Flowers.
i i |
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firf?, or Cotnmon Houndftongue. Jt has a black, thick, and long Root, which is tough, or difficult to break, and full of a vifcous or clammy juice, smelling of a Prong ill feent, much like to Dogs Pifs, as the Leaves alfo'do, which fome call a foporiferows fmell;, ftom this Root fpring up many long and fomething natrow, foft, and as it were hairy, darkifh green Leaves, dying on the Ground, fomewhat like unto! the Leaves of Bug/o/s, but not altogether fo-harfh in feeling to, from among which tifes up@ songh “hay Stalk, about two Feet high, with fome fmatler Leaves thereon than thofe
which grow below, and branched atthe top into fe- veral parts, with 4 “fmall Leaf atthe foor of| every Branch, which is fomething long, with many Flow- ers fet along thofé Branches, which gre crooked, or
546 Salmons Herbal.
turn inwards, before it flowers, and gradually opens as the Flowers blow, which Flowers confift of four fmall, purplifh, red Leaves, fomething of a fad or dead color, fearcely rifing or {hewing themfelves. our of the rough green Husks in which they ftand, with fome Threads in their middle; this Plant has fome- times been found with a white Flower; after the Flowers: are’ pafk, flat rough Seed. come in their pla- ‘ces, which hasa fmall Thread or Pointel in the ‘middle, and by reafon of its roughnefs eafily cleaves to any Garment which it touches, not being feadily pulled off again.
IV. The fecond, or Greatelt Houndftongue. This differs not either in its Root, Stalk, Branches, Leaves, Flowers, Seed, fmell, or manner of growing, fiom the firlt Common Kind but now. defcribed, but only in its magnitude, this being twice as. large, which is ,indeed the only difference.
3 Ee
> SS
Wy
TT)
V. The third, or Great Mountain Houndftongue.
The Root is blackifh on the outfide, and whitifh with- in, being fometbing like the former; it has alfo {pringing from the Root many large, foft Leaves, lying on the Ground, above a Foot long, and an Hand breadth broad, of a whitifh green color, having in every one of them the middle Rib reddifh, with many green Veins running thro’ them,
but hairy and
and reddifh Foorftalks to fuftain them, thofe which are in the middle of them ftanding more “rn from among which rifes up a thick, hollow, en
reddifh, woolly, or hairy Stalk, two Feet or more high, replenithed on all fides with fuchlike Leaves, but lefler and leffer up to the top), where.itdpreads it felf out into four or five branches of Flowers, {tanding all on one fide, yet forming at firft-a round Head, very pleafant to behold:for-the variety of C0- lors therein, the hairy ftalks of the Blowers being green, and ending in five-points, the Flowers being — alfo hollow and long, and confifting of five purplity
“4 . aS A - 2%) Chap. 353. Exgli/h Herbs. 547 fome to be from the barrennef of the Soil in which it grows, which is not fo, becaufe it is oftentimes found in the fame Ground where the greater grows, and befides, being either tran{planted, or the Seed fown in Gardens, it will continue much finaller than the other.
VII. The fixib, or Small Houndftongue with blew Flowers. It bas a fmall long Root, but annual, which fends forth one round, {mall, bairy Stalk, fome- times but a Foot, and fometimes two Feet high, brown- Uh below, and green above, on which are fet on both fides without order feveral fall, and fomething long, but narrow Leaves, of a blewifh green color, covered with a long hairy down, which is tough and fticking, the middle Rib is fomewhat great and eminent, and the whole Plant of a hot bitter tafte; from the bottom of thefe Leaves, efpecially upwards, come forth fometimes other fimaller Leaves in a Tuft together, and is parted into divers Branches; the tops of which are bended, as in feveral other forts, bringing forth very finall Flowers, of a fair | blew color, with a yellow Star in the bottom, {tand- ing in fuch like Husks, in which after they are paft is contained very {mall roundifh Seed , without any prick in the middle, as fome others have, but very oe or prickly, and ready to ftick upon Garments or Cloaths, as the others will.
red Leaves, fomewhat fweet, ftanding above the Husks and green Leaves which grow among them, with red Ribs in them, which in the fhadow, where it delights to grow, is the mote confpicuous and beautiful ; after which in the faid Husks come long- er Seed than in the Common Kind, four ufually toge- ther, which on the upper fide are flat, and circled about witha few fhort prickles, whereby ic com- monly cleaves faft to Peoples Garments if it touches
them.
ORS
IX. Az Obfervation. There has been a great Con: troverfie amongft Botanifts whether the Cynoglofficnt here firft defcribed, which is our Ordinary and Com- mon, and is the moft common in all Countries, be the Cynogloffum verum Diofcoridis, becaufe he fays } it bears neither Stalk nor Flowers, which this does, which Plant, wanting Stalks and Flowers, Marthio- lus {ays he found in fome fandy Grounds in Rome, behind or beyond Mount Adrianus, but both Pena and Lobel tax him with want of knoaledge, for fay they it will in the fame and other places bear both Stalk and Flowers, altho” in divers Years and places it does not bear, yet will after fome refpite of time in any place, as not only they, but feveral other good Authors have acknowledged, as well in this as in other Plants; I confefs I my felf have oftentimes found the firft defcribed Plant, vis. Our Common Houndfiongue , in feveral parts of England without either Flowers or Stalk, and that at the fame time, and near the fame places, where other Plants of the fame Species have had both, and therefore without all doubt Our Common Kind is the true Plant which Dielomt has defcribed under that Name fo defe-
ively.
XK. The Places. The firft grows in moft places of England, in wafte and untilled Grounds, alfo by high Ways, Lanes, and Hedge fides, the fecond grows in the Low Countries, but chiefly in their and our Gardens; the third grows on Mountains near Naples, with us only as it is manured in Gar- dens; the fourth in fhadowy Woods in Germany, €%c. the fifth grows in many places of Exg/and, as alfo in Germany, difcourfed ot by Cords upon Diof- corides, and poflibly is that fame Kind, which in the Adverfaria is faid to grow about Mompelier, and called Pujfillum Narbonenfe, the fixth grows in Az- ftria, as Clufius fays, and in other parts of Germa- ny, as Tragus fays, and at Naples, as Columna fays, alfo very plentifully in Exg/and, by high Way fides, as you go from London towards Colchefter, between Efterford and Wittam in Effex, as Gerard fays.
XL. The Times. They all Flower about May and
WK » t= y. =< ae Red ‘ r. eG » x li ~ y BAEKZ ZS j ) SOY lif GE Se ply YES A‘ » . : NUE Lis / , a Lente TT aT EA we — x SS NE Rt] tS : a \ n ~ : ¥ Aha o <= ac ~~ + Hy wp a abs ,7 fe; ee fas 4 ve te K ° wie .
_ VIE The fourth, or Ever gteén Houndftongue. It has a Root which is thick, and blackifh on the out- Side, like the others going before; nor does it much differ from the Common or Ordinary fort of Hounds- tongue firft defcribed, but that the Leaves are always frefh and green, fomewhat long and narrow, with a great whitifh green Rib in the middle, fmooth on the upper fide, and more hoary underneath; the Stalk at firft is but low, with many narrow long Leaves compafling it about, but more thinly than in fome other Kinds; the Flowers are red, but fome- what larger than the Ordinary, ftanding in like man- ner upon {mall Branches, which are writhed or turn- ed like the He/iotropium, ot the firit Kind; the Seed which follows {tands all on the one fide, and is final. ler, and lefs rough, but the Stalk will then be grown much higher, this has no manner of hoarinefs, nor has it {0 ftrong or rank a fimell as the former have; it does alfo {pring forth with frefh Leaves, before the old Stalk with its Seed is quite dry and wither’d away. Vii The fifth, or Small Houndftongue. It has a {mall black Root, not much differing from Our Com- mon Kind, but it is every ways fmaller in all its par- ticulars , having fuch like Leaves, but fmaller and al fhorter, yet greener, and more fhining, the Flowers| ume, and fome in Fu/y, if the Seafon and place be being fall, are alfo of a pale red color ; the whole} cold, and the Seed is ripe not long after. Plant has not fo {trong or rank a fimell as have fome} XII. The Qualities. Houndftongue is temperate of the formes, but this finallnefS may be thought by } in refpe€t to heat and ros and dry in the firft de- aaa2 gree,
——————— es eS CUCU
540 ~~ Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. L
es Bree Aftringent, Anodyne, Emphraftive or Obftru-| cure the overflowing of the Terms in Women, as al- ive, (and yet fome Authors will have it to have} fo fluxes of the Whites, and a Gonorrhea in Men,
an Emollient roperty) Traumatick or Vulnerary ,| ( Univerfals being premifed) they give eafe in and Arthritick, Hyfterick, and Alexipharmick. cure gi and ftitches of the Side, Pleurifies, the
XII. The Specification. It is prevalent againft] Colick, and all manner of internal pains; eafe and Catarrhs, Coughs, Afthma’s, green Wounds, old| cure the Toothach, and are one of the moft abfolute Ulcers, and Sores arifing from the French Pox. things againft the Gout in the World. Dofe from
XLV. The Preparations. You may have there-| fix Grains to fifteen Grains, every Night going to from, 1. The green Leaves. 2. The Root. 3. A\ Bed.
Fuice. 4, An Effence. 5. A Decottion in Water\ XXII. The Balfam. The green Leaves and Roots, or Wine. 6. A Pouder. 7. Pills. 8. A Balfam.\or Juice, made into a Balfam with Beef Suet and 9. AnOintment. 10. ACataplafm. 11. A Lotion.\ Turpentine, and applied, is good againft an Alopecia, 12, A Diflilled Water. draws out the fire in any place which is burn’, and
applied to the biting of a mad Dog, draws out the poyfon, and heals it; it digefts and cleanfes old Ul- cers, and is profitably applied to Venereal Sores, as alfo the Gout in Hands or Feet. vias
XXII. The.Ointment. _ It has the Virtues of the Balfam, but does not draw nor cleanfe fo powerful- ly; it is excellent for fuch Ulcers as are old, and
eep, or fpread much in the Legs, or other parts of the Body, and takes away the inflamation, which an ways by accident happen to them.
XIV. Lhe Cataplafm. Applied to the Piles, whether broken or not, it gives eafe to the pain, and in a fhort time difcuffes the Tumor, it eafes alfo the Gout arifing from a hot caufe, and allays infla- mations in what part of the Body foever. -
XXV. The Lotion. It is the fame with the Sa- line Tinfture, and is of excellent ufe againft Scabs, Scurf, Morphew, Dandriff, Pimples, or other break- . ings out in the Head and other parts of the Body; it alfo takes away Tanning, Sunbusning, Yellownefs, ri and blew fpots, and other difcolorings of the
In.
XXVI. The Diftilled Water of Herb and Roots. \t is good for all the purpofes aforefaid, to be ufed as well inwardly to drink, as outwardly to wafh any ~ fore place, for it heals all manner of Wounds and
Punttures, as alfo foul Ulcers arifing from the French Pox.
The Virtues.
XV. The green Leaves. Bruifed and applied they cure the falling away of the Hair, which comes of hot and fharp Humors, they are good alfo to be applied to any place fealded, or burn’d with Fire, and laid to any green Wound they heal it quickly ; the fame is proftable alfo dein Anthonies Fire, gand other Iniamations.
XVI. The Rect. Being roafted under Embers, wrapped up either in Pafte, or double wet Papers, and then a Suppofitory made thereof, and applied to, or put up the Fundamenr, it is effectually good againft the Hemorrhoids, or Piles, and applied as a Cataplafin to the Gout it eafes the fame.
XVIL The Fuice of Roots or Leaves. Made into a Syrup with Honey it is good againft vehement falt Catarrhs, old Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, and all fharp and thin defluxions of Rheum'which falf up- on the Eyes, Nofe, Ears, Stomach, or Lungs, cau- fing wheezing, fhortnefs of Breath, &¢. Dofe one
or two Spoonfuls, (according to Age, €c.) Morn- ing and Night.
AVI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, and more tl and may be given in the fame Dofe in a Glafs of generous Wine; it is good alfo (inwardly taken and outwardly applied) againft the bitings of mad Dogs.
XIX. The Pouder of Rocts or Leaves. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Fffence, and may be gi- ven from a Scruple to a Dram, or Dram and half, in any convenient Vehicle, outwardly applied to green Wotinds it quickly heals them, and ftrewed very thick upon old moift Sores and running Ulcers, it admirably cleanfes them, dries up the flux of hu- mors, and difpofes them to healing.
XX. The Decottion in Wine or Water. Ithasall the Virtues of the Juice, Fffence, and Pouder, but muft be given in larger quantities, as from an Ounce to two, three, or four, as the Patient is in Age and Condition; it cleanfes, dries, and heals Wounds and Ulcers; if the Patient is of a hot Conftitution, the Decoétion ought to be made in Water, after which, (if you think fit) a little Wine may be added.
XXL. Pilule de Cynoglojfo, Pills of Houndftongue. Take the dried Bark of Houndflongue Roots, White Henbane Seed, Opium prepared, (i. €. extratted with fair Water, and reduced to pouder ) of each one Ounce,
Myrrb an Ounce and balf, Ohbanum ten Drams, Saf- fron, Caftoreum, Storax Calamita, of each three “Drams,, let the Roots of Houndftongue and Henbane Seeds be poudered together, the Myrrh, Olibanum, and Saffron, each by themfelves, then mix altogether, and with Syrup of Stechas, (or any other proper Sy- rup) make a Mafs for Pills. They were defigned to {top Catarrhs, or defluxions of Rheum upon the
Lungs, Stomach, or other parts, to alleviate Coughs,
cure Afthma’s and Pleurifies, which they perform
beyond other Medicines; they ftop Loofnetfes, all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels, and fluxes of Blood or Humors in what part of the Body foever, they
C H A P. CCCLXXXIV.
of HOUSLEEK, ' OR, SENGREEN.
LP HE Names. It is called in Arabick Bejaba- lalem, and Hajalbalez, in Greek “Asoo, 10 Latine Sedum, Sempervivum, and as Pliny fays, Bupbthalmon, Zoopbthalmum, Steigetbron, and Hy- pogefon;, fome call it Oculus, and vb ered and Apuleius calls it Vitalis, and Fovis Barba, but Sedum and Sempervivum are the ufual Latine Names; m Englifh Houfleeck, and Sengreen, or Evergreen. —
Il. The Kinds. It is divided into three principal forts, viz. 1. “AtkCwov rd ute, Aizoon magnum, O% majus, Sedum majus, The Great or Greater Houfleek.
2. Sedum minimum, The Smalleft Houfleek. 3. 4 zoon, vel Sedum minus, The Smaller Houfleck, which is Prickmadam, and Stonecrop, of which We — iat Treat (God willing) hereafter in their proper
aces. +
Ill. The Kinds of the Greater Houfleek. Inete” are three forts hereof, viz. 1. Sedum majus vulga Sempervivum Theopbrafti, Aizoon magnum, Sorin altera Diofcorides , as Clufius has it, Sempere
»
Chap. 284. Englifh Herbs. -. i 549
majus, © majus vulgare, Umbilici Veneris Species |compafs, like the Heads of the former Commo altera Anguilare, Our Common or Vulgar Houfleek. | Houfleek,; but nothing fo clofe, every Leaf being — 2. Sedum majus legitimum Clufij, Aizoon magnum | formed fomewhat like a Tongue, {mall at the bottom, —
verum Diofcoridis, Sempervivum majus, Sempervi-
and broader towards the end, where it is broadett,
vum Arborefcens Matthioli, Sedum Arborefcens, Ai-| toundifh at each fide of the end, and a little dented
soon Arborefcens, The True Great Houfleek, or Tree Houlleek. 3. Sedum majus Marinum Angli- cum, Sedum Portlindicum Lobelij, Great Englith Sea Houfleek. This Lobe/ makes to be a fort or kind of the fecond abovenamed, or Tree Hoxfleek.
Common AEE mcater ‘ SS
pint
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Our Com- mon Houfleek, bas @ fmall fibrous Root, creeping all about, and from fmall ftrings multiplies into many heads of Leaves, round the original Root, taking up thereby a large compafs of Earth; and as this Root fends forth on all fides feveral heads of pale, green, thick, fat, broad Leaves, pointed at the ends, lying circlewife one unto, and as it were upon another, and upon the Ground, from the middle of each head of Leaves rifes up a ftraight Stalk, two Feet high, all covered with fmaller and longer green, thick, fat Leaves, (than thofe below) which often dry and fall away before the top thereof has perfett- ed its Flowers, which grow on long Branches, bend- ing their ends or tops downwards, with a fingle Leaf at the foot of every one of them, which confift of many Leaves, Star fafhion, of a dark reddifh color, after whicl come Heads, with {mall blackifh Seed
n them. V. The fecond, or True Great Houfleek. Jt bas a Root confi of ftrings, like the former, which di- vides it felf into feveral off-/prings;, this Herb grows great, to the form of a Shrub, or woody Plant, of two or three Feet, or more high, in its native pla- ces, which are warm, and its Stem or Trunk below is of the bignefS of four Fingers, and the other Branches are the thicknefS of ones Thumb, of a grey- ith color on the outfide, and {potted as it were round about, but they are the marks of the old Leaves which are fallen, the like of which may be feen in Wood Spurge, and fome other Plants, it fpreads it felf out into feveral limber {maller Branches on all
fides, and Leaves at the ends of them, ftanding in a| ly circle; in fome places they are fewer, thicker : a
in about the middle of the faid end, not much un- like the form of a Heart, they are alfo finely dented about the edges, and as it were a little hollow, like a Spoon, and full of juice, and of a pale green color 5 from the tops of fome of the Branches thrufts forth a long Stalk, divided into many leffer Branches ot Twigs, with fome few fmall Leaves on them, and at the ends of them feveral Star like Flowers, con- fifting of many {mall Leaves, of a pale yellowith color, with fundry fmall Threads in their middles ; the greater Stalk becomes dry and fmooth, as the Heads, which have {mall black Seed in them, which being ripe they utterly perifh after Seed time, but — the other Heads of green Leaves abide frefh all the Year, which fend forth Flowers the next Year after, and may be taken before hand from the main Stock to be planted, and will take root being put into the Ground; in the warmer Climates it {preads it felf much more into Branches than in thefe our colder Countries.
VI. Gerard defcribes it thus. It rifes up with 4 Stalk a Foot and half, and fometimes three Feet high, which is thick, hard, woody, and fo cough, that it can hardly be broken, parted into divers Branches, and covered with a thick grofs Bark, which in the lower part refembles certain prints, or imprefs’d marks of the Leaves which are fallen away 3 the Leaves are fat, well bodied, full of juice. an Inch long, and fomewhat more, almoft like little Tongues, very curioufly minced or nipt on the ed- ges, ftanding upon the tops of the Branches, having in them the fhape of an Eye; the Flowers grow out of the Branches, which are divided into many Sprigs, which Flowers are flender, yellow, and {pread like a Star, which being paft away, there comes up in their places very fine Seed, the Sprigs withering Wei the Root is parted into many off-{prings, and the Plant is always green, nor in its native Soil is it hurt by the cold of Winter, for which reafon it ob- tained the Name of Sempervivum.
VIL. The third, or Great Englifh Sea Houfleek: It bas a long flender Root, or Roots, with fome few Fibres adjoining, from whence {pring up one or two, or more Heads, which at length become Leaves and Stalks, the Leaves imitate Laureola, growing among the Tithymals, but thicker, fhorter, more fat, and tender; the Stalk is of a woody fubitance, like Lau- reola, participating of the Kinds of Sempervivum , Craffula, and Tithymal, of which laft fome Authors have thought it to be a Kind; others have thought it to bea Shrub, degenecating from all thofe Plants: Pena and Lobe/, who firft difcovered ir and fet it forth, knew not what to think of it, others fince them have been as uncertain; however, its fomething like to our fecond Kind, or Tree Hoxfleek, above defcribed, its Stem is woody, but it grows neither fo high, nor with fo many Branches, the Leaves al- fo, although fomething like to them, yet are not fo thick or fappy, in its other parts it differs not much from the faid Tree Houfleek.
VIM. The Places. The firft-grows naturally both in England and Germany, as alio in the Low Coun- tries, France, &c. it grows upon Stones or Moun- tains, upon old Walls and ancient Buildings, as al- fo upon the tops of Houfes, and more ny" be- ing planted in Clay, or in Clay Ground; its form does fometimes differ, according to the nature of the Soil, for in fome places the Leaves are narrow- er and leffer, but more in number, and have one on-
= > - — sae I RS SR EE RS aN a . > .
550 Salmon’s.. Herbal. Lib. 1. a Ee ee ne Oe
_ and broader, they are green, and of a deeper green ‘in fome places than in others, in fome places of a hter green, &c. the fecond grows in Greece, Ita- ds Portugal, Spain, France, Illyria, Sclavonia, Siei- ly, Sardinia, Corfica, England, &c. in divers places of Iraly, Spain, and Portugal, it is kept in Pots, as Clufius fays, and carefully preferved in Winter, and in Lisbon it grows on the tops of Houfes, as our Common Kind does with us, but it does not very well endure the cold of the more Northern Countries of Exrope, with all the care that can be, unlef§ kept in _ a Room with a Stove in it; yet Lobel fays he found
warm it eafes the pain, and is very profitable againft the Gout.
XV. The Poffer. At is made with the Juice, and has all the Virtues of the Juice, being inwardly gi- ven; it is alfo fingularly good againit the hot Fits of peiets for it cools and attemperates the Blood and Spirits, quenches thirft, and {tops Catarths, it may be given ina fourfold quantity to the Juice, for as the Juice pe! be given from a Spoonful to two Spoonfuls in a Glafs of Wine, or other fit Vehicle, fo the Poffet may be given from four Spoonfiuls to
eight, a little fweetned with Sugar, for all the a- forefaid Intentions.
England, and in the Mand of Holmes, not far from | /or, which when cold take off, and keep it for ve. In Briflol; it grows alfo in the Mle of Port/and, for | all external Cafes, (excepting an it has which reafon it has obtained the Name of Sedum’ the Virtues of the Juice, 5 ee ‘to anoint Pim- Portlandicum. | ples, Shi Tettars, Ringworms, Seurf, Mor- IX. The Times. The firft Howers in the Sum-| phew, @e with, as alfo placés pained with the mer Solftice, which is in Fume, about the eleventh| Gout; given inwardly ‘ftom half an Ounce to an
nf paflages from tartar- Sprigs of the Root in Apri/, which Sprigs or Strings] us mucilage,
XVII. The Cataplafm.- Being made with Hogs Lard and Barley Flower it is good againft all the Difeafes the Liquid Juice is ufed_againft, except an Eryfipelas, becaufe experience has taught us that all gteafie or oily bodies rather exafperate than abate: that Difeafe; applied in the Gout it gives fudden eafe and cure. /
XVIII. The re Water. Te is le for all the or aon id, being in Outward Diftem- ers bathed upon the parts afte€ted, and in inward ifeafes given from two to four Ounces, {weetned with Syrup of ‘Clovegillifiowers 5 if it is u onany place ftung with Nettles or Bees it jprefently takes away the pain, fo alfo the Juice, being ufed in like manner, as alfo the green Leaves, being rubbed
upon the parts wounded or affected. 1. The green Leaves. 2. A Fuice. 3. A Poffer. - ‘ 4. An Oil. 5. A Cataplafm. 6. A Diftilled Water.) XAX. Nota. If the Cataplafmn of the Leaves is
made with Vinegar and Barley Flower (inftead of Hogs Lard) it may profitably be applied to an Eryfi- pelas, or Amtbonies Fire.
The Virtues.
XIU. The green Leaves. Applied twice a day upon Corns and Warts in the Hands and Feer, it dif- folves or confumes them, and takes them away ; the Leaves bruifed and laid upon the Crown or fore part of the Head, ftops the bleeding at Nofe very quick- ly; and being applied to the Temples and Forehead ic eafes the Headach, and allays the heat and diftem- per of the Brain thro’ Fevers, Frenzies, or want of Sleep.
xiv. The Liquid Fuice. \t is good againft all heats and inflamations, as well inward as outward, dropped into the Ears or Eyes, {tops all hot defluxi- ons of fharp falt Rheum into thofe parts, and being taken inwardly it is good to {top all fluxes of humors upon the Vifcera, and the immoderate flux of the Terms in Women, it kills alfo Worms in Young or Old, and is profitable again{t the biting of the Pha- langium ; being often bathed upon Warts and Corns, it is faid to take them away, the more efpecially if the green Leaves be applied alfo over the fame; out- wardly it abates and allays all forts of inflamations in any part of the Body, as in an Eryfipelas, or Az- thonies Fire, and all other hot Eruptions of the Flefh and Skin, Shingles, Pimples, Ringworms, Tettars, Pufhes, Cankers, fretting Ulcers, Burning, Scald- ing, Morphew, Scurf, and other the like defcedati- ons of the Flefh and Skin; and bathed upon the part
a
CHA P. CCCLXXXV.
of HOUSLEEK Small.
LP H E Names. \t has no Greek Name that we know of, but it is called by Clufiws in Latine Sedum Alpinum ajuge Folio, and in his Hi- ftory of Plants Sedum decimum tertium, a\fo Sedum laciniatis Folijs, in Englifh Fagged Houfleck, Houfleck with Fagged Leaves, and Small Mountain Houfleek with jagged Leaves. i ie Al. The Kinds. Authors make two Kinds hereot viz. Sedum Alpinum laciniatis ajuge Folijs Mountain Houfleek with jagged Leaves, of which 4 in this Chapter. 2. Sedum Monfpelienfe & P. yre: , neum laciniatum, French jagged ountain Houtleek, — the which not growing in England we fhall fay n0- thing of it in this Work. he»
+) f
q
Ill. The Defcription. It has a faa black which fpreads much, from which Reot it thoots
te , 4 ’ no es = oa
’ Flower, (but with us it is large, with refpett to the
—-_
Chap. 386. Engi Herbs. : 4 5I
the tops of the Stalks. and Branches grow blewifh purple gaping Flowers-in fpiked Heads, one row above another, after which follows the Seed, which is fmall and blackifh; the whole Plant is of a vigor: ous or ftrong, {weet, pleafant {mell.
on all fides with — {mall heads of Leaves from {mall Strings, as is ufual with the Hoxfleeks, each Leaf whereof is long and narrow, cut in deeply in- to three divifions, one on each fide, and the end
bignefg of the Plant) which confifts of five Leaves fas J apiece, of a green color, fays C/afius, but with NEY us as on that Plant which came one Mr. Hesket A out of Lancafbire, of a pale whitith color, with
_ yellow threads encompafling a middle round
XI
Se =
IV. The Places. Clufius fays it grows on the Mountains called Sneberg, or Snowhi//, among the Stones, with us it grows on Mountains in Laca- fhire, as the aforenamed Hesket reported.
V. The Times. Clufius fays that it Flowers in thofe Months which ase preféntly after the Snow is
diffolved, but with us towards the latter end of <prit or in May, but g fomewhat later on thofe
ountains before ’ VI. ree the Qualities, Specification, Preparati-
ons, and Virtues, they are much the fame with thofe of Our Common Houfleek in the former Chapter, fo
that no more need be faid of them in this ohase:
HYACINTH Engl, See Hares-Bells, Ch. 335.
C HA P. CCCLXXXVI.
Of H Y¥S$ OP Common.
LT HE Names. It is called in Arabick Gye, Faves, Fufa, in Greek “Toowr@s in Latine Liyffopus, in Engljh Hyffop. Il. The Kinds. There are two principal Kinds hereof, vis. 1. “Toowx@ notriss 4) Snuddns, Hyffopus Vulgaris, Our Common Hyflop. 2, “PecuaG@- sxavies,
_ LHyffopus infrequens, Hyffopus incelebris, vel infoli-
tus, Hyffop Strange, and not Vulgar or Common, of which in the next Chapter.
Til. The Kinds. Of Our Common Garden Hyffop | -
there are only two Kinds, viz. 1. Hyffopus Vulgarss, Hyffopus Arabum, Our Vulgar or Ordinary Hyffop.
his yflep is not the Hyfop of Diofcorides and other Greek Authois, as all our modern Botanifts do acknowledge, except Marthio/us, who earneftly contends that Our Garden Hep is it againft all rea- fon; nor do any of our Herbarifts know (as far as I can find) what the true Ayffop of the Greeks was. As for Our Common Garden Hyffop, it is certainly the true Hy/fop of the Arabians, and fo we take it. 2. Ei fopus Arabum Horibus rubris vel albis, White or Red Flowered Hyffop.
IV. The Defcriptions. The frft, or Our Vulgar pelicaep Hyffop, a 3 Root — is fomewhat 1000 with many thre. rings thereat; itisa finall buthy Plant, which og up with many woody but tender Branches, fomething more than a Foor high, on the Stalks and Branches whereof are fet at certain diftances feveral fmall, narrow, and long green Leaves, not dented at all on the edges; at
he)
V. The fecond, or White or Red Flowered Hyffop: They bave a Root like the former, but are Jcarcely to be diftinguifhed in their form and manner of grotb- ing from the Common Garden Kind, (of which this isa fe ) the chief difference is, that they do both ufually bear white or red Flowers, all on one fide of the Spike, yet continue not conftant in that form, but change into the form of the former Common Kind, and fo become (as it were) the fame Plant, and af- ter that change not to be difcerned therefrom.
VI. The Places. They grow with us only in Gar- dens, and that thro’ the whole Kingdoms of Exg- land and Ireland, but they grow wild in Arabia, and other hot Countries, as alfo on the Hills of Ro- mania, about Verona, and near unto Mount Baldus. VII. The Times. They Flower in the Summer Months, viz. in Fume and Fuly, and their Seed is ripe in the beginning or middle of Augu/t.
VIN. The Qualities. Yt is hot and dry in the third degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Anodyn,
inative, Digeftive, Diuretick, it incides, rari- fies, and makes thin; it is Stomatick, PeCtoral, Cor- dial, Splenetick, Nephritick, and Arthritick, Em- menagogick, Alexipharmick, and Analeptick,
IX. The Speciation: It is peculiar againft Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, Wheezing, Hoarfenefs, fhortnefs of Breath, difficulty of breath- ing, cures Confumptions, Strangury , Falling-Sick- nels, and green Wounds.
x The Preparations. You may prepare there- from, 1. A Liguid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A De- coltion in Wine or Water. 4. A Loboch, or Syrup. 5. APouder. 6. Pills. 7. A Lotion or Gargarifm. 8. An Qil by Decottion. 9. A Balfam or Ointment. 10, A Cataplafm. 11. A Diftilled Water. 12 A Spirituous Tinfture. 13. An Acid Tintture. 44. An Oily Tinkure. 15. A Saline Tintiure. ats A
piri,
oo
\
_ Spirit. 17. An Ojl Diftilled. 18. Powers. 19. \ New and Full Moon fo long till the Cure is com-
An Elixir. 20. A fixed and volatile Salt. 21. A \ pleated: Thefe Pills cure alfo a vehement Headach,
Wine, tho’ of very long ftanding, and are prevalent againft The Virtues. a Vertigo. -
XVII. The Lotion or Gargarifm. Take Hyfop four
XI. The Liquid Fuice. Mixed with Honey and | good handfuls, White or Red Port Wine three Pints,
taken it kills Worms in the Belly, and helps Afth- | Se/ Nitre an Ounce, mix, and boil for a quarter of
ma’s, Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, fhortnef$ of Breath,
an hour, then ftrain off the clear. \tis a fingular and other Diftempets of the Lungs, caufed by a ple- | good thing againft the Quinfie, or any forenef§ of nitude of Humors. Dofe from one Spoonful to | Throat or Mouth, it abates the inflamation of the three, Morning and Night. — |
a Throat, and difcuffes the {welling thereof, being of- Xi The Effence. (thas all the Virtues of the | ten gargled therewith, it takes away inflamations Juice ;, befides which it is excellent againft the Fal- | in other parts of the Body, as alfo black and blew ling-Sicknef$, Agues, Catarths, or diftillations of | {pots and marks, which are occafioned by Falls, Rheum upon the Lungs, and other parts; it amends | Blows, or Bruifes, if Wine Vinegar is ufed to make and cherifhes the native heat, and color of the Bo- | the Lotion with inftead of the Wine, it will eafe the dy, &c. and is a powerful Remedy againft the Co- | Toothach, and the fumes thereof being received thro” lick, Strangury, obftruCtion of the Terms in Women, | a Funnel into the Ears eafes their pains, and abates Poyfon, the bitings of mad Dogs, Serpents, and | an inflamation if any is prefent, and alfo takes away other venomous Creatures, it cuts tough Flegm, their finging noife.
and caufes expeCtoration. Do
: fe two or three Spoon- CVIL. The Oil by Decottion or Infolation. Bein fuls in the Diftilled Water, or fome other proper | anointed upon the Head it is faid to kill Lice at
r
Vehicle. *
= : Nits therein, and take away the itching; taken in- AML. The Decoffion in Wine or Water. It hasall | wardly to one or two Ounces mixed with Honey it © the Virtues of the Juice and’ Effence , but nothing | opens obftru€tions of Stomach and Lungs, and caufes near fo powerful, and therefore may be given Morn- | the pituitous matter to pafs off thro’ the Guts; an- ing, Noon, and Night to fix or eight Ounces, fweet- | ointed upon any part {wollen and _— thro’ cold, hed withnew Honey; if Rue and Honey is boiled | it eafes the pain and difcuffes the {fwelling. With it, and fo drunk, it ftops Catarrhs upon the} XIX. The Balfam or Ointment. Being applied Lungs, and has the other Virtues of the Juice and | they quickly heal any fimple green Wound in the Effence; if the Decoftion, Juice, or Effence, is mix- | Hand, or other parts of the Body; applied alfo to ed with Oxymel it purges grofs Humors by Stool, | old running Sores and foul Ulcers they cleanfe, dry, and kills Worms in Children, if'any of thefe three | and heal them quickly, more efpesially if the Pou- Preparations are-mixed with pulp of Figs and Sa/ | der of the Herb afore named be alfo ftrewed upon Nitre it loofens the Belly, and works downwards | the fame, the Balfam applied upon any part pain’d ‘ alfo; if either of:them ‘are mixed with juice of | with the Gout gives eafe in the pain, and by conti- Garden Crefs and Blew Flowerdeluce Roots, or pou- oe application in a fhort time cures it. der of the {aid Flowérdeluce Roots, in a fit pioporti-! XX. The Cataplafm. Made of the green Herb on, this mixture will purge the Bowels yet more | by bruifing, adding alfo thereto Sugar and Salt, with forcibly, carry off the canfes of the Colick, cure the | a few’Crambs of White Bread, and applied, it is Yellow Jaundice, Dropfte, obftruttions of Liver, | admirable to difcufs any recent fimple Contufion, or Spleen, and Womb; and reftore the true color of the | heal any fimple green Wound, in what part of the Skin, this more efpecially if it is taken twice or | Body foever. thrice a Week, as the Body can bear it. XI. The Diftilled Water. It has the Virtues of XIV. The Loboeh or “ie Take of the clarified \ the Juice, Effence, and Decottion, fweetened with Fuice two Pounds, of choice Honey four Pounds, mix, \ Sugar or Honey, and fo taken from two Ounces to and boil to the confiltence of a Rob or Quiddony. \t\ four Ounces, but it is moftly ufed as a Vehicle to has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, and Deco&tion, | convey the other Preparations down in, outwardly and may be taken three, four, five, or fix times a| ufed {weetened with Honey it isof good ufe to cure day, or more, as the nature and reafon of the Dif- | fore and running Eyes. eafe requires, it caufes an admirable expeftoration| XXII. The Spirituous Tintlure. It is Cephalick, of the morbifick matter out of the Bronchia ef the | Neurotick, Stomatick, and Pe€toral, it is good = Lungs, take a little of it at a time witha fimall lit- | againft Wind in the Stomach, gives eafeintheCo- tle Spoon, and let it diftill down the Throat gradu- | lick and gripings of the Guts’, and fweetened with ally. Honey it eafes the vehemencey of the Cough, and — . Kv. The Powder. It is made of the Leaves, | caufes expe€toration; it is good againft Vapors from Heads, and Flowers, {trewed upon green Wounds | the Womb, Fits of the Mother, and the Falling- it prefently heals them, upon old running Ulcers | Sicknefs. Dofe one Spoonful in the Morni it cleanfes, dries, and heals them alfo, applied with | ing, another an Hour before Dinner, and the like at pouder of Cumin Seed, Salt, and Honey, it is good yo foing to Bed, in the Diftilled Water. again{t the bitings of Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, mad} XXII. The Acid Tintfure. It is good re . Dogs, and other venomous Creatures, given inward- | Plague, all forts of malign and peftilential ifeafes, = ly to one Dram, or Dram and half, it gives eafe in | it refifts Poyfon, and is efficacious againft the bitings the Colick, provokes the Terms, and opens the ob- | of mad Dogs, Vipers, and all other kinds of venom - ftractions of the Urinary parts; it caufes to break | ous Creatures; it cleanfes the Stomach, ens Wind, and prevails againft the cold fits of Agues. | it, and caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion, 4ip- XVI. The Pills. Take Hyffop in pouder, Male ae Vapors, and refifts Hyfterick Fits; Pi Peony Roots in pouder, of each two Drams, Caftore- | fully opens obftru€tions, and attenuates thi and wm in pouder one Dram, Horehound in pouder, Affa \ grofs Humors which clog and. ftuff the Vifte ,_ calle fotida, of each half a Dram, Cryftals of Luma in pou- \ fing the fame to. be carried off: by Stool and. Us der a Scruple, with Rob of Hyffop (made per fe with- \ Dofe fo many drops as to make. the Vehicl a out Honey) q. Ss. mix, and make a mafs of Pills, for \ fantly fharp. ; 1) feven Dofes, to be given every Night at Bed time: |. KXIV. The Oily. Tinfure. It opens the obittur This is faid to be a fpecifick and effeftual Remedy | Gtions of the Usinary parts, as alfo of the Womb, againft the Falling-SicknefS, to be repeated every | provokes Urine and the Terms, expels. Wind:
~~
~ nt?
Chap. 296. Englifh Her Ns
erfully, and gives eafe in the Colick, gripings of the|of all the Vifcera, but more particularly of the Guts, Stone, Gravel, Strangury, &c. Dofe from} Spleen, Reins, and Womb, they fupprefs Vapors, » ten to twenty drops in any proper Vehicle Morning »and Night; ic gives eafé in the vehement pains of
553
er againft Hyfterick Fits, conquer Hypochon- iack Melancholly, deobftiu& the Urinary peffages;
the Back, and outwardly ufed is good againft Con-| and give prefent eafe in the Strangury, caufing the
vulfions, Cramps in any particular part of the Body, as alfo the Palfie and Gout, &e.
XXV. The Saline Tinéture. Inwardly taken in
a Glafs of White Port Wine from half a Dram to a
, or Dram and half} it is prevalent againft the Strangury, and caufes a Piffing freely, outwardly ufed it is good againft Scabs, Pimples, i out, Tettars, Ringworms, Scurf; Morphew, Tan- _ of the Skin, Sunburning, Yellownefs, and other deformities thereof, the Skin (after being firft wafh’d clean with warm Water) being well bathed there- with Morning, Noon, and Night.
XXVI. The Spirit. Being dulcified with double fefined Sugar it is a moft excellent Stomatick and Cordial, it — Wind, gives eafe in the Colick and Bripings of the Guts, it prevails againft fainting and {wooning Fits, ficknef$ at Heart, and other Di- ftempers of the Stomach and Precordia. Dofe from
Patient to pifS plentifully and eafily ; and being con- tinued for fome convenient time cure the Yellow Janndice. Dofe from ten to twenty Grains, or more, ina GlafS of generous White Port Wine Morning and Night, or oftner, in the day time, if need fo re-
quire. .
XXXI. The Wine. Take Hyffop chopped {mall a handful, choice ripe Figs flit, three Ounces, White Sugarcandy an Ounce and b if, Mufcadine a Quart, boil all together till half a Pint is confumed, then [train out dnd keep it for ufe. Dofe three Spoonfuls Morning and Evening againft an old Cough, it cau- fes the tough Flegm to be the more eafily expecto- rated, gives eafe in the Strangury, by opening the paffages of the Urine when they are ftopped, it is alfo Carminative , belts to break Wind, and pro- vokes the Terms in Women when preternaturally
{topped.
» Antidote againft the Gout, being both inwardly ta-
half to one Spoonful in Canary, or fome other Wine
~e Vehicle. * Il. The Diftilled Oil. It is a Specifick againft an old inveterate Cough, Catarrh, and Afthma, it cures the Colick to a Miracle, expels Wind power- fully, and cures Convulfions, Lethargies, Vertigo, and the Palfie after a fingular manner; it admirably ; ftrengthens the Nerves and Brain, and is good againit Of HYSSOP Rare or Strange. all cold and moift Difeafes affetting thofe parts, let ; them come from what caufe foever; it eafes the ; ‘ Headach coming by reafon of cold, and isa fingular| LL 9* HE Names. It is called in Greek *“Toowr@ omivies, Uoowr® didns, in Latine Hyffopus_In- ken and outwardly applied, it is powerful againft|frequens, Hyffopus Incelebris, vel Infolita, in Eng: Agues, as alfo againft the Headach, Megrim, Ver-| /i/b Strange, or Rare, or Uncommon Hyfpop. tigo, Carus, Lethargy, and other Difeafes proceed-| Il. The Kinds. There are no lefs than Thirteen from cold and moifture, but more efpecially it] Kinds of this Strange Hyffop, viz. 1. Ey fopus Folijs is faid to be a peculiar Remedy for the Falling-Sick-] Nivess, White Leav’d. Hyflop 2. nefS, tho’ in Perfons paft their Minority, and who| Awres, Yellow Hyffop. 3. Hyfopus Folijs Cinerijs, are advancing towards their middle Age; in the Pal-| Ruffet Leav’d Hyflop. 4. Hyjjopus Surculis Denjis, fie the Back Bone is to be anointed therewith Morn-| Double Hyffop. 5. Hyjopus Latifolia, Broad Lea- ing and Night, rubbing it well in, and inwardly it] ved Hyffop. 6. Hy/fopus Folijs Crenatis, Jagged of is to be given ftom four drops to ten, fifteen, or} Dented Hyffop. 7. Hyffopus Mofchata, vel de Clif twenty, according’ as the Patient is in Age and] /a, Musked fet 8: Hyffopus Coronata, vel Cos Strength, and the Dofe to be repeated Morning and| mofa Clufij, Tufted Hyffop. 9. Hyffopus Folijs Crif* Evening fo long as need requires, let it be dropp’d] pz, Curled Hyffop. 10. Eo flepus Anguftifolia Spi- into White Sugar, with which it is to be well mixed, cata, Narrow Leav’d Spiked Hyffop. 11. Hyffopus then add to it the Vehicle you defign to give it in, | Fo/ijs Origami, Round Leav’d Hyffop. 12. Hy/opus and fo let the Patient drink it. minor, five Hifpanica, Dwarf Spanifh Hyffop. 13. XXVIIL. The Poteftates or Powers. They have} Hyfopus Montana, Mountain Wild Hyflop. all the Virtues of the Diftilled Oil, and are much more thin and penetrating, finking into the Flefh as} Ill. The Defcriptions. The fir/t, or White Lea- faft as they are put on, they are to be outwardly | ved Hyflop, /eems to me to be one of the forts of the ufed in the fame manner as the Oil, and to the fame] f7/t Common Kind in the former Chapter, and to parts in the fame cafes, and likewife to be inwardly | differ only in the party coloring of the Leaves, this given Morning, Noon, and Night, from thirty to| having feveral Leaves parted white and green in the eighty, or an hundred drops, in a Glaf$ of Wine, or} midft, and fome or all for the moft part white, and other proper Vehicle. fome wholly gteen, or with fome ftripes in the ' X. The Elixir. The Virtues hereof are juft} green. the fame with the Diftilled Oil and Powers, and] IV. The fecond, or Yellow Hyflop, # without to be ufed alfo outwardly and inwardly in the fame] doubt one of the forts alfo.of the firft Kind in the for- manner, faving that the Dofe of the Elixir is only | mer Chapter, it has feveral Leaves parted yellow and from twenty drops to fixty in Wine, or fome fit Ve-| green in the midft, and come all or moit part yels hicle,; given in Sherry or Madera Wine to fixty|low; the uppermoft Leaves are ufually wholly yel- drops or more ina Pleurifie it gives prefent eafe,|low in the Summer time, parted with green, but and in a little time after a perfe€t cure, in particu-| the lower Leaves often abide without difcoloring, lar alfo it is a very excellent thing to kill Worms} V. The zhird, or Ruflet Leav’d Hyffop. This al in Children. . Jo differs from the former fcarcely in any thing elfe XXX. The Salt Fixed and Volatile. They ate) but in the color of the Leaves, which are of a grey- both Alcalies, and fo abforb Acids, infallibly cure]ifh or Afh color, called by fome Ruffet; and this the pain of the Stomach, tho’ inveterate and. never | feems to be that very fort which Bezhinws fays was
C HA P. CCCLXXXVIL.
fo vehement, they have been given with good fuc-|fent him from England, it growing very freely in Bbbb VI. The
cefS in all forts of Colicks, they open obftruCtions | fome of our Gardens,
lyflopus Folijs
:
554 . Salmon's
_ VE. The fourth, or Double Hyflop. This HyMfop grows lower and thicker than the former Kinds, be- ing thicker fet with flender and not fo woody
_ Branches, bending their Heads fomewhat down- wards, and much more thick fet with Leaves of a dark green color; in the Flower and other particu- Jars it differs not ftom the firft Kind defcribed in the former Chapter.
_ VIL. The fifth, or Broad Leav’d Hyffop. Ths differs very litle from the firft Common Hyffop in she former Chapter, neither in Root, Stalk, Leaves, nor Flowers, faving chat in this the green Leaves are Jarger and broader, and the Stalks are more woody than it, keeping the fame form and fubftance.
VIII. The fixth, or Jagged or Dented Hyflop. In its tops and top Branches it differs not much from
_ Our Common Garden Hyffop, but otherwife the Stalks are fomewhat bigger and higher, and the Leaves a pretty deal larger and longer, and regular- ly cut in or dented on the edges, which makes it another or aes Species of the fame Plant. _
1X. The feventh, or Musked Hyflop. This dif- fers_fearcely any thing from Our Common:Garden Hyffop, as Gefner in Hortis Germanix bas declared, but in the {mell, which is fo fragrant, grateful and “2% risk that it comes very near to the fimell of
- us. -
X. The eighth, or Tufted Hyffop. Ir #s in Roots, _ Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, and manner of growing, Something like unto the Garden Kind firjt defcribed , in the feats Chapter, but a little fmaller and low- er, the Leaves being of a paler green color, and the - top Branches fpreading a little broader, having fhort- et Spikes of Leaves and Flowers, growing as it were in Tufts, which has caufed the Name, and is indeed the principal difference. . _ XI. The ninth, or Curled Hyffop. I its Roots, Stalks, Branches, and manner of growing, it differs not much from the Common Garden Kind, having alfo much the fame fmell, but herein confifts the chief difference, that the Leaves thereof are curled or crumpled at or about the edges, and that each Leaf feems to be compofed of many. .
XII. The tenth, or Narrow Leav’d Spiked Hyffop. Its Root is like that of the Common Hyffop, it is a fine fort, and has many flender hard Stalks, on which are fet at diftances, (as in the Common Hyfop ) many fall green Leaves, but longer and narrower than they, and ending in a aes point; the Flowers like- wile grow at feveral diftances, as it were in Roun- dies, almoft from the middle of the Stalks up to the tops, of a blewifh purple color, like the Common Kind, but much fmmaller, and fo is the Seed alfo; the Branches hereof will take root and grow being laid into the Ground, the Root fpreading much in the Earth.
XIN. The eleventh, or Round Leav’d Hyffop. It bas a bard, woody, and fibrous Root, alfo hard woody Stalks, on which grow feveral fmall and almoft round Leaves, one againft another, but pointed at the ends; the Heads or Spikes of Flowers are like unto Our Ordinary Garden Sort in the formet Chap- ter, and the Flowers themfelves are of a blewi purple color, the {mell is alfo much the fame with the Common Kind.
XIV. The twelfth, or Dwarf Spanifh Hyffop, which Lobel calls Hyffopus Parva Anguftis Folijs. This bas a fmall, woody, fibrous Root, which fends forth Stalks fmaller and lower than the Common
Kind, nor do its Branches rife fo high as the Vulgar | forth to and fro under Ground very much, with
Garden Sort, but bend a little downwards, the Leaves alfo being {maller and thicker, and of a fad- der green color, and the Heads or Spikes fhorter; but the Flowers are purple, like the Garden Kind.
Herbal. “Lib. I.
Its Root is fmall, woody, and with many fibres or firings, in its manner of growing it is very like un- to the Common Garden Sort, but the Leaves are not fo many at a joint, and are fomewhat harder and, rougher, and a little hairy, and fomething narrower withal, which, as Matthiolus fays, being brought into Gardens, and there nurfed up, will in length of — time put off that roughnefS, and become more = fmooth and foft; the tafte of this is much more bie ter, and nothing fo hot or fweet as the Common Kind ; the Flowers and Seed are like to the Garden — Sort both for form and color. ia pe
XVI. The Places. They are all of them murfed up with us only in the Gardens of the Curious, and grow as well as the Common Kind, but the Diowf or Spanifh Hyffop, as alfo the Mountain Hyp, grow naturally on the Hills in many places of Spain and Germany, and on the Hill Sa/vatin in pred 2 try of Goritia. Pag Oe
XVII. The Times. They all Flower intheSum mer Months, v/s. thro” Fune and Fuly, and begins - ning of Auguff, and their Seed is ripe in the begins A eo ee: Ee Soe
VIL. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, — and Virtues, are fully an pry the with © thofe of the Garden Kind declared at large in the former Chapter, fo that nothing more need be faid thereof in this place. : ws
C HA P. CCCLXXXVIIL Ee
of HY SSOP Hedge True, ORs Wee HYSSOP Mah =
I. HE Names. Ut was unknown to the Ante = ent Greeks, the Arabians call the Seed there . of Gelbenech, the Latines call the Plant Gratiola, fo it is named by Dodoneus, Gefner, Lobel, Lugdi- nenfis, Matthiolus, and others; by fome it is called Gratia Dei, and fome call it Gratia Dei altera, Wee caufe there is another Herb among the Geraniafo called; Cordus calls it Limnefium, or Centauroides ql becaufe many for the bitternelS thereof did think it a Species of Centaurium minus; Gefner calls it Gra= tiola, five Centaurium Aquaticum, a\fo’ Sefamoidess Columna fays that it is ufualty called Gratiola, ia fays it is thought of fome mote wuly to be taken for a Common Hyljop; Baubinus in his Pinax calls it Gratiola Centauroides, and we in Engifh call it Hedge Hy/fop, for diftin€&tion fake, not that it grows by any Hedge fide, but ufually in moift and watery places, for which reafon it might more properly be called Marfh Hyffop. » > 3 ee : Se Il. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Gratiola Vera, The True Hedge Hyffop, which is a fingular Plant, and of which we treat in this Chapter. 2. Gratiola Notha, Baftard Hedge Hyflop, of which we fhall treat inthe next Chapter following. =
oe
UL. The Defeription. Ir has a Root which fats
joints and {mall fibres at them, thereby in reaping and —
uickly [preading very far t, efpeciall ‘ ands in any moift place, becaufe it wi t fare dure long in any dry Ground; it is
XV. The thirteenth, or Mountain Wild Hyffop.| Plant, feldom growing. above a Fo t hi h,
Chap. 38. Engl Horke. 45
Branches are flendet, bending, and fourfquare, ha- ving feveral fimall Leaves fer thereon, very like to thofe of the Ordinary Garden Hyffop, but a little fhorter and broader, and of a pale green color, of a very bitter unpleafant tafte, from about the middle of thefe Branches, at the joints of the Leaves, up to the tops of them, cone forth the Flowers every one at a place, ftanding upon very fhort footftalks, which are fomewhat long and hollow, ending in four Leaves, two of the loweft ftanding out, as it were Lips, and the other two above, fhorter by the half, of a whitifh yellow color, tending to a black blew, and fometimes more blewifh or purple; after which 0k {mall round Heads, in which is contained {mall
The Virtues.
X. The Liguid Fuice. t works very ftrongly and churlifhly both upwards and downwards, ex- pelling much vifcous and grofS Flegm, alfo Choler, and watery Humiors, for which reafon it is profita- ble for fuch aS dre troubled with a Surties, ot Dropfie Azafarca, as alfo the A/cites or Tympanites in beginning, and for fuch as are affefted with the Gout of Sciatica; it cures both Tettian and Quar- tan pent, and kills Worms in the Belly, whether in Old or Young, but by reafon of its churlifhnefs it ought to be corre€ted with Anifeeds, Caraways, Cloves, Cinnamon, €c. Dofe half a Spoonful, in- creafing it according to Age and Strength gradually to two, three, or four Spoonfuls, it may be given mixed with Poffet-drink, Sack-Whey, or Mutton Broth, €¢. a
XL. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the former, but nothing near fo churlifh, but ought to be corre€ted with Powers Of Angelica, Pennyroyal, Anifeeds, Caraways, €¢. it cures Quotidian and Tertian Agues, opens obftruétions of Liver and Spleen, refifts paneer kills Worms, and eva- cuates peccant Humors; the Dofe is the fame with the Liquid Juice, and to be given in the fame manner. :
KIL. The Decoéfion or Infufion in Water or Wine: It has. all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but is to be given ina are quantity, it cleanfes the Stomach and other ons, it alfo induces old running Sores and filthy Ul- cers toa fpeedy healing, it works both upwards and downwards, but much more gently than either Juice or Effence.
XIII. The Pouder. It has all the Virtues of Li-
IV. Nota. Camerarius fays that (not far from Geneva) he has found another Kind _ of this Plant, viz. Gratiola Flore luteo, Hedge Hyffop with a yel- low Flower, but not differing from the former in any other particular.
V. The Places. It delights to grow in moift, watery, and Marfh Grounds, if you would have it to live and flourifh, it gons naturally in many pla- ces of Italy, and near Padua plentifully, but with us it is only nurfed up in Gardens.
VI. The Times. It Flowers in Fune and Fuly,
and its Seed is ripe not long after, but it feldom gives ee in England. Vil. The Qualities. It is hot and dry probably in the third degree, Incifive, Attra€tive, Abfterfive, Aperitive, Traumatick, Hepatick, Splenetick, Ar- thritick, and Cathartick.
VIII. The Specification. It is a good Antifebri- tick, and peculiar for the curing of the Dropfie, Scurvy, and Gout, kill Worms, and heal all fimple green Wounds, running Sores, and putrid Ulcers.
IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 1. ar id Juice of the Herb. 2. An Effence. 3 A ion in Water or Wine. 4. A Pouder. 5. ot Bs E Names. This can have no Greek Name, An Extrait, 6. A Balfam or Ointment. any more than the former, in Latine it is
- Bbbba called
CH AP, CCCLXXXIX. Of H YSSOP Hedge Baftard.
-
ifcera, opening their obftru&ti- _
556 Salmons Herbal. = Lib. L
—— nN called Gratiola Notha, and in Englifh Baftard Hedge \ with many Branches under Ground, quickly thereby H offeffing a large circuit or compafs, it is a fmooth
lyfJop.
_ i. The Kinds. There are three forts hereof, viz. }low Plant, rifing about a Foot high, with many 1. Gratiola Anguftifolia, and Anguftifclia minor,\{quare Stalks varioufly branched from the bottom Gratiola minor Gefneri, alfo HyfJopoides by Camera-\ to the top, having thereon féveral Joints, and two vis, Elyffopi Folia Cordi © Baubini, Small Hedge | {mall Leaves at every one, which ftand upon fhort Hyffop, alio Small Narrow Leav’d Hedge Hyffop.| Footftalks, being broad at the bottom, and finaller 2. Gratiola Cerulea, Gratia Dei Cefalpint, Tertia-\ towards the end, a little dented about the edges naria Tabernamontani, Herba Fudaica altera Dodo-\and full of Veins, of a {adder green color than the wai, Sideritis Cerulea het Lyfimachia Flore Ceru-\ former, longer alfo, and broader; the Flowers are feo Se phe Lyfimachia Galericulata Lobelij, Gra-\ gaping, fomething like unto thofe of Dead Neztles, tiola Latifolia, and Latifolia major, The Greater | ofa fair blewith purple color, with fome white Broad Leavd, or Blew Flowered Hedge Hyffop. 3. | {pots in them, every one ftanding at the Joints with Gratiols Latifolia minor, and Latifolia noftras mi-| the Leaves, up to the tops, after which come forth Hyp The Leffler Broad Leav'd Hedge | {mall Seed Veffels, formed fomething like unto the
top of the Thigh Bone of a Man or Beaft, in which
ey the fmall Nut or Huckle Bone is placed, the upper Hedye Hig , part of which does fitft open when the Seed is ri Uh . x a nartowleaved and falls away when. it is touched, thereby theming . wy) UY .
within it fimall yellow Seed: There is a leffer fort , hereof, differing only in the fmallnef§ of the Plan
-which I am apt to believe arifes only ftom the dif.
ferent goodnefS of the Soil; this Herb is referred to Gratiola, not only from its place and manner of growing, but efpecially for its bitternef$, in which
7
*% fit is fo like to it.
ny V. The third, or Lefler Broad Leav’d Hedge Hyf ss fop. It has a Root which is fmall, long, and white, preading it felf under Ground feveral ways, which S| perifhes not in Winter, nor runs like the laft, but 8 | fhe forth new Branches every Year from this : pS Root fprings up one or more fall Stalks, about
' half a Foot high, round, but crefted as it were alk
14 |the length, which fpread forth other fimaller Branches
Kae S~ jes, on which do grow wg Se Leaves, fet b . | couples one againft another, being fomething broad, \ SN but very fhort withal, feeming almoft round, and
ending ina fharp point, a little dented about the ‘edges; at the Joints with the Leaves come forth the Flowers, every one by it felf} on a fimall Foorftalk, being in form fomewhat like unto the laft, a gapi Flower, but fhorter, of a pale reddifh color, om in the middle of the lower Leaf with many fimall white fpots; after the Flowers are fiillen come in
their places Seed Veffels, in fhape fomething. like
unto the Nut of a Crofs-Bow, in which is contained
{mall yellowifh Seed, the tafte of this Plant is as ‘extreamly bitter as the laft, this Herb is alfo refer- ed to the Gratiola Latifolia, as well for the refem- ‘
blance of the Flower to the laft before deferibed, as for the bitternefS thereof. ,
Lge
AC
Ill. The Defecriptions. The firff, or Small Nar- tow Leav’'d Hedge Hyflop. It has a Root which x white, and shoots forth many Fibres, whereby it takes good rooting and bold in the Earth; from this Root ihoot forth fometimes many, and fometimes but one or two round reddifh Stalks, half a Yard high, which are branched towards the tops, on which are fet one above another, and fometimes one againft another, divers fmall and fomewhat long Leaves, fomething fmaller than thofe in the former Chapter, and nearly refembling Ayfop Leaves, of a pale green color, and joining clofé to the Stalks and Branches, Without any Footltalk at all, at the Joints with the Leaves come forth Flowers, every one by it felf, ftanding in a long Husk, and confifting of four
Leaves, of an excellent blew color, after which “eomes in their places {mall brown Seed, contained in long round Pods; the Herb and every part there- of is without any the leaft fmell, and almoft with- out any tafte, tho’ fome will have it to be of a lit-
tle nitrous, others of a little fweetifh tafte, fome-
times in the moifter Grounds this is found with lar-
ger reat and Soe higher, aed pegs oe in
dry Grounds with fmaller and longer Leaves, fcarce-|and fw/y, the third in Fu/yand Augauft, their Seeds
ly growing a Span high. ripening in a fhort time afer their ae ‘pa
IV. The fecond, or Greater Broad Leav’d Hedge] VILL As 20 their Qualities, ipeahene Pr
VI. The Places. The firft has been found growing naturally in feveral places of England in moift
wet Grounds, as at Dorchefter im Oxfordfbire, at © the back fide of the enclofed Grounds, on the Left. Hand of the Town, as you go from thence to Ox- ford, in the Grafhie places of the Champion Corn Fields the fecond grows likewife in feveral places of this Land, in wet low Grounds, and by Watet ‘fides; the third is not known to grow inany othet Country but in England, fo far as we can yet heat or learn; and it was firft found out by Gerard, WhO” called it fimply Gratiola Latifolia, in wet bog} Grounds among the Graf$; I found it (fays he) gtow= ing on the Bog or Marfh Ground at the farther end of Hampftead Heath, and upon the fame Heath 0 wards London, near unto the Head of the Springs’ that were digged Anno 1590. for Water to be ¢on- vee to that City,
|), Il. The Times. "The two firlt Flower in june
Hyffop. It has a Root which fpreads much, and\rations, and Virtues, Authors
Chap. 390. Eagh/b Herbs. hae the firft of thefe has never yet been applied to any | Gar/ick in its Name, yet not in Name only, but in. Medicinal ufé by any Author that I could ever its fmell, for any part of it being bruifed {mells of fee, nor yet the fecond or third Kinds, but their bit-] Gar/ick, but more pleafantly, and taftes fomething
ternefS coming fo near to that of the Gratiola Vera,| hot, fharp, and biting, almoft like unto, Rocket, for or True Hedge Hyffop, induces me to think that they} which reafon it becomes an admirable Sawce, to
muft have fome of the Virtues of the True Hedge | fuch as love that talte.
Hyffop, and if they be not full out fo effe€tual to
Purge, yet by their bitternefS they may be Aperitive, |.
and have a virtue to open the obftruétions of the Vifcera, and cleanfé them from their pituitous and vifcous Excrements; they may alfo by the fame bit- ternef$ be Analeptick, and fo ftrengthen the Sto- mach, and other Bowels, reftoring their depraved Tone, &c.
C H A P. CCCXC.
of JACKbyHEDGE, OR, SAWCE-ALONE.
LT HE Names. This feems to be a Novel Plant, not known to the Greeks, and thetefore has no Greek Name, the Latines call it A/liaria, Gef- ner in Hortis Alliaftrum, and Ericiws Cordws Rima Marina, which is the Rima Marina Anguilare, and Aleflorolophus Plinij, as Dalechampius and Lobel thought, fome take it to be Thiafpidium Crateve, as alfo ae res Cornutum Tragi, becaufe they anfwer to its by Hedee, and Sawce-alone, becaufe it ferves of it elf for Sawce, inftead of many others.
Il. The Kinds. Some would have it to be Scor- dium, but that it is not, others Scordij Species, a Kind of Scordium, or Water Germander, but indeed it has no relation to any of thofe Plants, that being a real miftake of former Authors; it isa fingular Plant of its Kind, which Gerard fays is Named of fome Pes Afininus, Affes Foot, and may be called (fays he) in Latine Allium non bulbofum, a Kind of Garlick, fo efteemed from its fell; it feems to be, t. Alliaria Communis, vel minor, The Common a 2. Alliaria major, The Greater Kind.
_ Til. The Deftriptions. The firft, or Common Jack-by-Hedge. It has a long flender Root, which is fibrous or firingy, and thready,. perifbing every Year after it has given Seed; from this Root rife up fe- veral flender Stalks, about a Foot and half high, the Leaves are broad, of a light green color, nicked round about, and fharp pointed; the lower Leaves are rounder than thofe which grow upward towards the tops of the Stalks, and are fet fingly one ata Joint, being longifh round the higher they grow, and alfo pointed at the ends, and dented about the edges, tho’ fomewhat lefS dented than thofe grow- ing below, they fomewhat' refemble Nert/e Leaves for the form, but are of a frefher ne color, and not rough or pricking; upon the Branches of the Stalks near the tops ow very fimall white Flowers, one above another, like Rocker, which being paft come fimall, flender, and round long Pods, not ve much unlike to thofe até rougher, and grow fomewhat clofer to the Stalk, in thefe Pods are contained fmall, round, and fome- what blackifh Seed; this Plant raifes it felf every
efcription; we in Englifh call it Fack-|
Wa ig oN aN > ee) Y
/
SAN
bd \
IV. The fecond, or Greater Kind of Jack-by-Hedge,; bas' like Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Branches, Flowers,
and Séed, and the fime manner of growing, and dif- fers only in this; that the Leaves grow larger and rounder. :,
V. The Places. It grows of it felf by Garden Hedges, by old Walls, by high Way fides, and fometimes in the borders of Fields, in moft places of this Kingdom.
VI. The Times. It Flowers chiefly in Fume and Fuly, and the Seed grows ripe in the mean feafon, or not long after the Flowers are gone; the Leaves are ufed for Sawce in March and April.
VIL. The Qualities. Itis hot and dry in the third degree, and is repleat with much Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury, it is incifive. Aperitive, Atcrattive, Ab-
fterfive, Carminative, Digeftive, Difcuffive, and .
Diuretick, Neurotick, Stomatick, PeCtoral, Nephri- tick, and Hyfterick, Ptarmick, Emmenagogick, and a ae
VIII. The Specification. It is peculiar againft the Scurvy, Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, fhortnefs of Breath, Stone, Sttangury, Colick, and Fits of the Mother.
IX. The Preparations. You may have thereftom, 1. A Fuice of the Leaves and Roots. 2. An Effence of the fame. 3. An Infufion. or Decottion in Water or Wine. 4. A Syrup. 5. The Root. 6. The Seed bruifed, or infufed in Wine. 7. A Cataplafm. 8. An Acid Tintture. 9. A Spirituous Tintture. 10. An Oily Tinéture. 11. A Saline Tinfure. 12. A
‘Spirit. 13. A Sawce. of Fixweed, faving that thefe}.
The Virteyes.
X. The Liquid Fuice. Taken from a Spoonful
Year again of its own fowing, and it has affinity to] to two or three Spoonfils in a Glafs of seg Port, {adera,
550 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
3 Madera, or Canary Wines, it provokes Urine, helps | Epilepfie, Hyfterick Paffion, and other Difeafes of
- like kind afte€ting any of thofe parts, it caufes a
a good Appetite and Digeftion, gives prefent eafe in q the Colick, and alleviates pains of the Stomach and gripings of the Guts arifing from cold, crude, and undigefted Humors. Dofe from half a Spoontil to a Spoonful, or more, two or three timesa day, ina Glaf$ of generous Wine.
XIX. ‘The Oily Tinéture. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Infufion, and Tin&tures, and may be given from eight drops to twenty drops, or more, being firft dropped into and inixed with White Sugar, and then mixed with 4 Glafs of Wine, or other proper Vehicle, it is a potent thing againft the Stone, Gravel, Sand, or Tartarous Matter obftruét- ing the Reins or Urinary paffages, it gives eafe in : the Colick and Strangury, and is a prefent Remedy againft the Pleurifie, Stitches in the Side, and other like pains of the Thorax and Stomach; it cures Cramps by anointing therewith, and is of excellent ufe again{t Convulfion Fits in Elder Perfons, as alfo again{t Vapors, and obftru€tions of the Womb; it provokes the Terms, and facilitates the Birth of Wo- men in Labor, bringing away the Afterbirth or dead Child; it gives prefent eafe in after pains anointed upon the lower parts of the Belly, and taken inward- y ina Glafs of rg it prevails againft the Pal- te ie taken daily in Wine, bathing the Back Bone therewith, together with the parts affeCted, and con- tinuing the ufe thereof for fome confiderable tithes it alfo gives eafé in the Gout.
XX. The Saline Tinfure. Yt feems to be a Spe- cifick againft Arthritick pains, proceeding either froma hot or cold caufe; it is good againft Spots, Marks, Tanning, Sunburning, black and blewnefs, and other difcolorings of the Skin, it removes yel- lownefs of the Scarf Skin, Freckles, Lentils, Scurf, Morphew, and other like deformities of the Cutis, we but it mutt be made pretty ftrong, and applied two or three times a day, and fuffered to dry on, for by ; that means the fuliginous matter will be drawn forth, and the Skin will peel off in manner of Scurf, ri a fine, young, tender, pure, clear Skin un-
erneath.
XXL. The Spirit. It is truly Cordial, Neurotick,
the Strangury, expels Gravel, Sand, Tartarous Mu- cilage, eafes the Colick, and fuppreffes Vapors and Fits of the Mother. XI. The Ejjence. \t has all the former Virtues, BS : befides which it potently refifts the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice, and Gout, refifts Vomiting, ftrengthens b the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and a itrong | Digeftion, it admirably corrects Crudities, warms f . the Stomach, and reftores the Tone thereof being | hurt or weakned. Dofe one, two, or three Spoon- \ fuls Morning and Night, (and fometimes at Noon) 1 ina GlafS of generous Wine.. i me XI. The Infufion or Decoéftion. It has all the : Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but much weaker, and therefore may be given to fix or eight Ounces Morning and Night, but'the Infufion is better than the Decoftion, becaufe confifting moftly of volatile parts, thofe by boiling will evaporate away ina ; as meafure, whereas by a clofe infufion they may all preferved.
XIll. The Syrup. It ought to be made with cla- tified Honey, and then it will be as good as Ery/i- mim, “sl ap er etek to warm’‘the Stomach, and eafe Coughs, Colds, help Wheezings, fhortnefs ot Breath, and diificulty of breathing, as alfo to help Catarths, and to caufe expeftoration of thick rough Plcgm and putrid Humors out of the Breaft and
ungs.
V. The Rot. It taftes fharp, like unto Radi/h Roots, and therefore may be ufed in the fame man- net and to the fame purpofes; if it is fcraped thin, and the {crapings are put into Wine dy iad with a little Salt, it makes a very good Sawce tor Meat: The Juice of the Root given in White Wine is excel- lent again{t the Colick, Strangury, Stone, €¢. it gre eafe alfo in all thofe Cafes if exhibited in a
lyfter, &c.
V. The Seed bruifed, or infufed in Wine. It is a prefent Remedy for a vehement pain in the Sto- mach, as alfo for tle Cclick, Strangury, Stone, Gra- vel, or any Tartarous Matter ob{truGing the Urina- ry paflages, it fuppreffes Vapors, abates Melancho- ly, and cures Hyfterick Fits. Dofe of the Seed from half a Dram toa Dram and half, either in fubftance
(mixed with Honey) or in infufion in Wine. Cephalick, and Hyfterick, it revives the Spirits, XVI. The Cataplafm. Made of the green Leaves, | chears the Heart, and retiefhes the whole Univerfal or of Leaves and Root, and applied to old running | Man, it is good againft Convulfions in Children and Sores and foul Ulcers, whether in the Legs, Arms,|Elder People, prevails againft Palfies, Apoplexies, or other parts, it abates the pain (if any) cleanfes | Lethargies, Epilepfies, and Pleurifies, giving in thofe the Sore or Ulcer, dries them, and induces a fpeedy | Difeafes prefent relief, it is fingular againit Vapors healing. and Fits of the Mother, and wonderfully refifts and XVII. The Acid Tinfure. It is pofibly one of} reftores out of Fainting and Swooning Fits, itis the greateft Medicines in the World againft the Scur- | {trongly Aperitive, and removes the obitructions of vy, it reftores the Tone of the Stomach, f{trengthens | the Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Reins, and Womb, diffol- it, caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion, fupprefles | ving the congelation of Humors caufing the fame Vapors, and has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice} Dofe from one Dram to two or three Dramis in and Effence above declared; it is alfo Antifebritick,| Wine, or any other fit Vehicle. and Alexipharmick, it cures all forts of hot, burn-| XXII. The Sawce. It is made of the Leaves fhred ing, and putrid Fevers, and all fuch as are peftilen-| /mal/, or d. the Root fcraped, or of their Fuice ex- tial, and is powerful even againft the Plague it felf | preffed, adding « proportional quantity of White Su- it refifts Poyfon internally taken, or otherwife given | gar, Wine Vinegar, and Salt. Being thus compound- by the bitings of mad Dogs, Vipers, or other Ser-jed it is eaten in the Spring Time with Meat, as pents, or other venomous Creatures, being inwardly} Mutton, Lamb, Beef, Veal, €c. either boiled or taken, and outwardly applied to the parts wounded, | roafted , it corre&ts Crudities, expels Wind, {trength- by bathing. Dofe fo many drops as may make a|ens the Stomach, creates a good Appetite, and cau GlafS of generous Wine, or other proper Vehicle, | fes a good Digettion. pleafantly acid or fharp, and to be repeated three or four times a day, or as oft as need requires.
XVII. The Spirituows Tindure. \t is Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Cardiack, and Hyfterick ; it warms and comforts the Head, Brain, Nerves, and Stomach, chears the Heart, revives the Spi is powerful againft fainting and faasnienl
vulfions, Palfies, Vertigo, Lethargy, Carus, Coma,
JACINTH English, See Haresbells Englifh Ch. 335:
Chap. 391. Englib Herbs
i C HA P. CCCXCL
Of JACINTH American, |
LT HE Names. This Plant its general Name is
called in Greek ‘Yéxwi@-, in Latine Hyacin- thys, in Englifh Facinth, and Hyacinth, the Spaxi- ards call it Maios Flores. :
Il. The Kinds. There are various Species of this Plant, and feveral forts of each generick Kind, viz. 3. Hyacinthus Anglicus, Englifh Hyacinth, of which there are four Sree viz. 1. Hyacinthus Anglicus
’ Ceruleus, Blew Englith Jacinth. 2. Hyacinthus An- glicus Albus, White Englith Jacinth. 3. Hyacintbus Anglicus Incarnato Flore, Carnation Englith Jacinth.
» Hyacinthus Anglicus vel Hifpanicus major Flore
mpanyle inflar, Greater Englifh or Spanifh Ja- cinth ; all thefe growing in Exg/and are commonly called Haresbells, and of which we have already treated in the foregoing part of this Book, viz. in =p. 335. and therefore fhall now overpafs them in this fuccin€&t Diftourfe of Jacinths. 2. Ayacin- thus Americanus, American or Weft Indian Jacinth, of which there are two Kinds, which are the pecu- liar Subje&t of this prefent Chapter. 3. Hyacinthus Botroides, Grape Flowered Jacinth, of which there are fix Species, Treated of in Chap. 392. 4. Hya- cinthus Botroides Mufcatus, Musked Grape Hower ed Jacinth, of which there are four Species, which are Treated of in Chap. 393.. 5. Hyacinthus Como- fus, The Haired Jacinth, of which there are five Species, which are Treated of in Chap. 394. 6.
Hyacinthus Orientalis, The Oriental Jacinth, of
caufe when they are broken they have much Wooll in them, which I think to be a miftake, and fome think that thefe two Plants are not two feverals, as greater and leffer, bur that the greatnefS of the oe is caufed by the goodnefs or richnef$ of the Soil where it grows, but whofo {hall confider the parti- cular Defcription of each, and compare them, will foon become of another Mind. | ,
~ JV. The Defcriptions. ' The firft, or Greater Ame+ tican Tuberofe Rooted Jacinth. It has a thick knob bed Root, (yet formed into feveral Heads, fomewbat like unto bulbous Roots) with many thick Sibres at the bottoms of them, ftom the divers Heads of which Root rife up feveral {trong and very tall Stalks, be- . fet with divers fair, long, and broad Leaves, joined at the bottom clufe unto the Stalk, where they are greateft, and grow finaller to the very end, and thofé | which grow higher to the top being fmaller and ~ {maller, which being broken many fine Threads ap-’ a like Wooll in them, the tops of the Stalks are utified with many fair, large, white Flow
each of which does confift of fix Leaves, lying {prea
open, as the Flowers of the White Daffod:/, with fome fhort Threads in the middle, and of a very fweet fmell, fo fweet as fome account it ftrong and heady ; this is the greateft and talleft of all the 7a- cinths, and the Flowers are fomething near in refem- blance unto thofe of the Daffodi/, but its Root is tu- berofé, as aforefaid, and not bulbous, as all the reft
are.
V. The fecond, or Leffler American Tuberofe Root- ed Jacinth. The Root By Jacinth is knobbed, like the Root of Arum, or Wake-Robin, or like the Root of the Carolina Eddo, from whence many Fibres ppring forth, from this Root come forth many
eaves, lying upon the Ground, and pre
which there are eight Species, which are Treated of} one another at bottom, being long and narrow, an
in Chap. 395. 7. Hyacinthus Orientalis Flore du- plici, Double Oriental Jacinth, of which there are three Species, and are Treated of in an | 396. 8. Hyacinthys ZEflious, The Summer Jacinth, of which there are five Species, and are Treated of in Chap. 397. 9. Ayacinthus Fufcus, The Brown or Dun Colored Jacinth, of which there are three Species, and are Treated of in Chap. 398. 10. Ayacinthus Stellatus Peruanus, Wett Indian Starry’ Jacinth, of which are four Species, and are Treated of in Chap. 399. 11. Ayacinthus Stellatus Vulgaris, The Common Starry Jacinth, of which there are feven ~ Kinds, and are Treated of in Chap. 400. 12. Hya- cinthus Stellatus Byzantinus, The Turky Starry Ja- cinth, of which are four Species, and are Treated of inChap. 401. 13. AMyacinthus Stellatus Autum- nalis, The Autumn Jacinth, of which there are three Species, and are Treated of in Chap. 402. 14. Hye acinthus Stellatus Lilifolius, The Lilly Leav'd Star- ry so of which there are three Species, and are Treated of in Chap. 403. I know fome Authors ac- count the Sgui/ or Sea Onion in the Claflis of Ja- cinths, making it a Marfh or Sea Kind, but I am of a con pinion, and therefore fhall not rank it with thofe aforegoing, but Treat of it hereafter in its proper place of the Alphabet. Ul. The Kinds of the American Facinth. There are only two Species of this, viz. 1. Hyacinthus In- dicus vel Americanus major Radice Tuberofa, The
* Greater American Tuberofe Rooted or Knobbed Ja- cinth. 2. Myacinthus Indicus vel Americanus minor
Radice Tuberofa, The Leffler American Tuberofe Rooted or Knobbed Jacinth. C/u/ivs leaves out the Word minor in the Name of the fecond, becaufe, as it is thought; he never knew or heard of the firft , fome would have thefe Ayacinths to be Hyacinthi Eriophori Indici, The Indian Woolly Jacinth, be-
hollow guttered to the ends, which are {mall and pointed, and no lefS woolly and full of Threads than the former; ftom the middle of thefe Leaves rifes up a Stalk, which is very long and flender, three or four Feet in height, which, unlef§ it is propped up, will bend down, and lie upon the Ground, on which are fet at certain diftances many fhort Leaves, being broad at the bottom, where they do almoft encom- pafS the Stalk, and are fmaller towards the end, where it is fharp pointed; at the top of the Stalk ftand many Flowers, with a fimall piece of a green Leaf at the bottom of every foorltalk, which feem to be fo many White Oriental Facinths, being coms pofed of fix Leaves, which are much thicker than the former, with fix Chives or Threads in the mid- dle, tipt with pale yellow Pendents.
VI. The Places. They both grow naturally in the Weft Indies, ftom whence they were firft brought into Spain, and from thence have been brought to us, and into feveral other parts of Europe.
VII. The Times. They Flower not in England and other like cold Countries till the middle of Au- guft, and fometimes not at all, unlefS they be care- fully preferved from the injuries of our cold Win- ters, and then if the precedent Summer has been hot they may Flower a Month fooner.
VIM. The Qualities. They ate cold and drying in the firft degree, or beginning of the fecond, Aftrin- gent and Diuretick
IX. The Specification. They ftop fluxes of the Bowels, give eafe and relief in the Strangury, and are profitable againft the Jaundice and Kings-Evil,; the Roots are only of ufe in Medicine, but being of- ten ufed are thought to caufé BarrennefS, but ’tis '
certain, that being taken inwardly by Young Perfong
it keeps them from growing ripe too foon.
k: L
XK. The Preparations. There are but few Prepa- rations from thefe Plants, viz. about five, 1. A Li quid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3-4 Decottion or In- fufion. 4 A Pouder. 5. An Ointment.
The Virtues.
Xt. The Liquid Juice. It codls and abates Fe- vers, and given in fel Florence or Port Wine ftops Huxes of the Bowels; given in White Port Wine, or Parfly, or Arfmart Water, it cleanfes all the Usi- nary paflages, provokes Urine, and cures the Stran- gury; given in Milk of Hemp/eed made with Parfly
ater it prevails againft the aundice, and aby ta- ken in Mutton Broth, or a gentle Infufion of Sena, it eradicates the Kings-Evil. Dofe from one Spoon- fal to two, or more, increafing the Dofe gradually, gs you find the Patients Body does agree with it.
Il. The Effence. thas all the Virtues of the Juice, and is fomething more prevalent than it, for which reafon it is to he given ina leffer Dofe, but in the fame manner, and in the fame Vehicles, and may be given twice a day, as you fee need requites,
CHA P. CCCXCIL .
of JACIN TH Grape Floweted.
Mof betus, The Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth, of which in the Chapter following.
ofibe Grape Flowered Facinth not Musked. Of this there are thefe fix varieties, 1. Hy- ‘acinthus Botroides vel Racematus minor Caruleus ob- fcurus, The Leffer dark Blew Colored Grape Flow- a ered Jacinth. 2. Hyacinthus Racematus major Ceru- leus, The Greater dark Blew Colored Grape Flow- ered Jacinth. 3. Hyacintbus Botroides Ceruleus A- menus, The Pleafant Sky Colored Grape Flowered Jacinth. Hyacinthus Botroides Ramofus, The Branched Grape Flowered Jacinth. 5. Hyacinthus Botroides Flore albo, The White Grape Flow Ja- cinth. 6. Hyacinthus Botroides Flore albo rubente, The BlufhGrape Flowered Jacinth.
in Arfmart Water, ot Parfly Water, in which a Scruple or half a Dram of Salt of Tartar is diffol-
lel aa xiv. The Pouder. It may be given for afl the Purpofes that any of the aforegoing Preparations are
eres for. Dofe from half a
ment well in, it infenfibly confumes thofe Kernels or Swellings, and in time perfettly diffolves them , and if you mix therewith Pouders of Scammony and Tobacco, ana, and apply it to ftrumous Ulcers, it cleanfes, takes away dead or proud Flefh, dries them up, and quickly heals them.
XVI. Nota. What we have faid of the Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues of thefe Tx- berofe Facinths, the fame is to be underftood of all the Bulbous Facinths hereafter following, (excepting only the Musk Grape Flowered Facinth in Chap. 393. which is faid to be the Bulbus Vomitorius Diofcori- dis, and the Lilly Leav'd Starry Facinth in Chap. 403.) and this I thought good to give notice of here once for all, that in the following Chapters of this Plant we might not often repeat the fame in vain.
Mgt,
IV. The Defctiptions. The firft, or Leffler dark Blew Colored Grape Flowered Jacinth. Tt haa Root which is round, and blackifh without. compaffed with a number of fmall Roots or round about it, fo that it will quickly choak if it is fuffered long in it, for which cau) caft it out into fome by corner, if. they in Verve it, or elfe caft it out of the Gare
has many fall and fat weak Leaves, | Ground, which ate fomewhat brownltt
hot.
V. The fecond, or Greater dark Blew Colored Grape Flowered Jacinth.. This Plant in its Root,
breaking, out from; the fides of the greater Stalks. or Branches; the Leaves, as is all the reft of this Plant,
erence.
IX. The fixth, or Bluth Grape Flowered Jacinth. The bulbous Root of this Grape Flower is greater than either of the Roots of the diy Colored or White, aforegoing, and has feldom any fmall Roots or Off-fets as the others have; its Leaves alfo are larger, and fomewhat broader, the Flowers are of a pale, or bleak blufh Color out of a white, and are a little larger, and grow a little higher, and fuller of Flow- ers the White.
X. The Places. They are Natives of many pla- ces of Germany and Hungary, and grow alfo in Spain; and on Mount Ba/dus in Italy, and near Nar- bone in France, about the borders of Fields, with us
! pa only in Gardens.
The Times. They Flower ftom the begin- ing of March, and fometimes fooner if the Weather if mild, and continue Flowering till the begining of aye “
C H A P. CCCXCIIL Of JACIN TH Grape Flower Musked.
A HE Names. It is called in Arabick Zir, in
the Turki/h Language Dipcadi, and Mofcho- - romi, by which Names they were fent to us from Turky, in Greek ‘TdxwiG- Corgudtus worgddus, in La- tine Hyacinthus Botroides Mofchatus, and in Englifh The Musked Grape Flowered Facinth.
Il. The Kinds. There ate four feveral forts of this Musked Plant, viz. 1. Biat@ euennis, Bulbus Emeticus, Hyacinthus Botroides Mofchatus major. Hyacinthus Mofchatus Baubini, Mufcari, and Muf- cari Flore flavo, The Greater Yellow Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth, or Yellow Mufcati. 2. Hyacin« thus Botrotdes Mofchatus major, feu rig eg Flore Cineritio, The Great Afh Colored Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus Botroides Mofcha- tus major, five Mufcari Flore rubro, The Great Red Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth. 4. Ayacinthus Botroides 5 ee major, five Mufcari Hore albo, The Great White Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth.
Oh WA fair
the color of which at their firft budding is a little
_tike to the firfl, excepting only in the color of the
SE SSS os a 562 Salmon’s Herbal... Lib. 1. A Cn, fair yellow, flowering firft below, and fo upwards y degrees; every one of thefe Flowers is made like unto a little Pitcher or Bottle, being big in the bel- ly and fimall at the mouth, which is round, anda little turned up, very fweet in fimell, like unto Musk, ftom whence it took the Name Mufcari; after the Flowers are paft there come threefquare thick Heads, puffed up, like as it were Bladders, made of a {pon- gy fubftunce, in which are here and there placed black round Seed.
IV. The fecond, or Great Ath Colored Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth. It has a Root like the for- mer, but yields more encreafe, and will better endure our cold Climate, altho’ it does more feldom give ripe Seed: This Mu/cari differs not in Roots or form of Leaves or Flowers from the former, excepting in thefe following particulars, the Leaves do not ap- pear fo red at tirlt budding out of the Ground, nor dre fo dark when they are fully grown, the Stalk alfo has commonly more ftore of Flowers thereon,
IL. The Kinds. There are five feveral forts of the Haired Kind, viz. 1. Hyacintbus Comofus albus, The White Haired Jacinth. 2. Hyacinthus* Comofus Byzantinus, The Turky Fair Haired Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus Comofus major purpureus, of fome its called only Hyacinthus major, and of others Hyacin- thus Comofus major, but we in Englifh call it The — or Great Purple Fair Haired Facinth, be- caufe of its Tufts or Taffels of eg Threads like Hairs at the top. 4. Hyacinthus Comofus Ramofus purpureus, fome call it only Hyacinthus Comofus Ramofus, others Hyacinthus Calamiftratus, others Hyacinthus Comofus Parnafk, The Fair Haired Branched Jacinth. 5. Hyacimthus Comofus Eleganti- or, Hyacinthus Conia amofus Elegantior, Hyacin- thus Pennatus, and Hyacinthus Comofus Parnaff, Fair Curled Haired: Jacinth; fome will have it to be called alfo Hyacintbus Calamiftratus, others think Cincinnatus more fit and proper, for that the curled Threads which feem like Hairs are better expreffed by the Word Cicimnus, which fignifies the curled bufh of Hair it felf; than by the Word Calamiftrum, which fignifies only the Crifping-Pin or Inftrument,
— of Old they ufed to frizze or curl the ir.
dusky, and when they are full blown are of a bleak, yet bright Ath color, with a little fhew of purple in them, and by long ftanding change.a little more grey, being full as {weet, or {weeter, as fome think, than the former.
V. The third, or Great Red Musked Grape Flow- ered Jacinth. his Plant in its Root, Leaves, Stalk, Flowers, Seed, and manner of growing, is abfolutely
Flowers, for that this when its Flowers are blown are of a red color, tending to a yellow.
VI. The fourth, or Great White Musked Gra Flowered Jacinth. The Root of this (as well as the Root of the third aforegoing ) does not ufually grow fo large as the Root of either of the firft two, in all otber refpetts it is like to them; the Leaves are like unto the fecond kind, but they are of a little whiter green, the Flowers alfo are like in form and manner of growing, but of a pale color, tending to a white.
VII. “The Places. The Roots of the two firft have often been brought from Conftantinople to us, and poffibly may come thither from beyond the Bo/pho- rus in Afia, but with us they are nurfed up only in Gardens; the latter two forts are thought to be de- generates from the firft two Kinds, to wit, from their Seed coming to ripenefS in our Country, and fo fown here.
Vill. The Times. They Flower in March and April, according to the warmth or temperature of the Seafon, but the firft of them fprings firft out of the Ground.
IX. The Qualities and Virtues. Galen Lib. 8. Simp. Med. fays its temperatute is hotter than that of the Bulbus Efculentus, or Ornitbogalum luteum, and Diofcorides fays that the Root eaten, or the De- cottion thereof drunk, cures Difeafes of the Bladder, but that it caufes Vomiting, without doubt it ought to be applied by a Wife and Prudent Hand, out- wardly, made into an Ointment, it is good againft the Kings-Evil, for by daily anointing therewith it
difeuffes and confumes thofe fcrophulous Tumors, Kernels, or Swellings.
Ill. The Deferiptions. The firft,, or White Hait- ed Jacinth. It has a bulbous blackifh Root, a little long and round, from whence rife up three ie Leaves, fmooth and whitifh, long, narrow, and bol- low, like a Trough or Gutter on the upper fide, from among which fprings up the Stalk, about a Foot o morte high, bearing at the top feveral Flowers, imall, and fomewhat like to the a Flower, but not 10
e longer and
CHAP. CCCXCIV. of JACINTH Bhired.
EV HE Names. It is called in Greek ‘Tdxwt@ rexgdus, in Latine Hyacinthus Comofus, in
Heads or Veffels are uare, and fom wh 5 larger than the Heads of any of the former 4 Englifh The Haired Facinth.
Grape Flowers in Chap. 392. in which ate con
round black Seed; this Faciath does more.
AR
“a el a
Chap. 394. Engliph Hobs. “363
?
femble the Grape Flowered Facinths jult above na-| on it does fomewhat refemble a long Parfe Taffel,
med than the Hair Flowered Facinths which follow, and which Name it bears for that it has no Hairs or Threads at the top of the Stalk, or fides, as they have, but becaufe Authors have given it this Name we thought not fit to change it, and therefore have put it into the Claflis of Haired Facinths, as fome
others have done. Jacinth Haired Fair White, or Turkey.
Ser ady
IV. The fecond, or Torky Fait Haired facinth. It has a bulbous Root, like the former, but it is bigger, and larger alfo in its Leaf and Flower, and bears greater {tore of Flowers on the head of the Stalk; the lower Flowers, altho’ they have fhort Stalks at their firft flowering, yet afterwards the Stalks grow longer, and thofe which are lower ftand out farther than thofe which are higheft, whofe footftalks are fhort, and almoft clofe to the Stem, and of a more perfe&t Purple than any below, which are of a dusky, greenifh, Purple Color; the whole Stalk of Flow- ers does fometimes feem like a Pyramis, broad be- low and fimall above, yet neither of thefe Facinths have any Threads at the tops of the Stalks, as the others following have; this Facinth came from Con- Stantinople, and is fomething like to that before de- {cribed, faving that it is every way bigger.
V. The third, or Great Purple Fair Haired Jacinth. It has a great bulbed white Root, oith fome rednefs on the outfide, it is a Fair Haired Facinth, whole Leaves are fofter, longer, broader, and lefS hollow than the former, lying for the moft part upon the Ground , the Stalk rifes up from amidit the Leave: being ftronger, higher, and bearing a greater a longer Head of Flowers alfo than they, the Flowers of this ftand not upon fuch very long Footftalks, but = aoe below, aa = a ~s * vm aa
ve, having many bright, purplifh, blew Thr growing higheft ion: the Rovers: as it were ina
uth together, every one of thefe Threads having a
and therefore feveral Perfons have fo Named it; the Heads and Seeds are like to that juft aforegoing, but
ter,
ev The fourth, or Fair Haired Branched Jacinth. Its Root is greater and fhorter than that of the next, and encreafes fafter, the Leaves hereof are broader, fhorter, and gréener than of the laft, not lying. fo weakly'on the Ground, but ftanding fomething more upright; the Stalk rifes up as high as the former, but branched out on every fide into many Tufts ot Threads, with Knops, as it were Heads of Flowers, at the énds of ‘thei, like urito the Head of Threads at the top of the former Facinth, but of a little dark- er, and not fo fair a blewifh purple color; this Fa cinth does fometimes refemble the next Cur?'d Hair’d Facinth, but that the Branches are not fo fairly com-
fed altogether of curled Threads, nor of fo excel- ent a fair Purple, or Dove Color, but of a much more dusky hue. ;
VII. The fifth, or Fair Curl'd Hair’d Jacinth. Ie has a bulbous Root, not fo great as the laft, but white on the outfide, it is an admirable Facinth, and rifes up with three or four Leaves, fomething like unto the Leaves of the Musked Gree Flowered Facinth, but leffer, from between which Leaves rifés up the Stalk, about a Foot high, or fomewhat more, bear ing at the top a Bufh or Tuft of Flowers, which at the firft appearing is like unto a Cone, or Pine- Apple, and afterwards 5 Spening it felf {preads into many Branches, yét ftill retaining the form of a Pyrams, being broad fpread below and narrow above; each of thefe Branches are again divided into many Tufts of Threads or Strings, twifted or curled at the ends, and of an exéellent Purple or Dove Color, both Stalks and Hairs; this continues a great while in its beauty, but afterwards all thefe Flowers (if you will fo call them) do fall away without any Seed at all, {pending it felf'as it were in its abundance of Flow-
ers.
VIll. The Places. The two firft have been fent to us from Conftantinople, the third is found wild in many places of Exrape, as well in Germany as in Italy, the native places of the two laft are as yet unknown ; ped all grow and are nurfed up with us in Gardens only.
IX. The Times. The three firft Species do Flows er in Apri/, the two laft Kinds in Mzy.
C H A P. CCCXE€Y, Of JACINTH Onental Single,
1.9 HE Names. It is called in Greek *Tdnvi@ dyarraxis, iy Latine Hyacintbus Orientalis, in Englifh The Oriental Facinth.
IJ. The Kinds. Of this there are eight feveral Species, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Orientalis Brumalis, frve Praecox Flore albo, The White Winter Oriental Ja- cinth. 2. Hyacinthus Orientalis Brumalis, five Pra- cox Flore Purpureo vel Ceruleo, The Purple Winter Oriental Jacinth. 3. 2 ee oy Orientalis major pracox, diftus Zumbul Indi, & Indicum, alfo cor- ruptly Simboline, the Turks call all Facinths Zum- bul, and by adding the Title of Arabi, or Indi, thew from what place they originally came, The Greateft
little at its end, fomewhat like unto one of} Oriental Jacinth. 4. Hyacinthus Orientalis vulgaris
the Flowers, but much fimaller, the reft of the Flow- ers below this Bufh are of a fadder or deader Purp oF all of fo bright a Color, — gene
rather inclining to a green, like.unto the: Turky Kind, the whole Stalk
apne Colorum, The Ordinary Oriental Jacinth. 5- Hyacinthus Orientalis Flore Purpureo Violaceo Li- neis albicantis in dorfo, The Purplith Violet Oriental Jacinth. 6. a asy ae Ortentalis Floribus antror-
with the Flowers up- | fm refpicientibus, The Qriental Jacinth whofe Flow- Cecesa ers
564 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
ers open all one way. 7. > oir Orientalis fe-
. ; fends forth green Leaves, (which are in all refpetis rotinus Floribus erettis diverforum colorum, The late | like to the Ordinary Oriental Jacinths, but something Flowering Oriental Jacinth. 8. acinthus Orien- \ narrower ) before Winter, and fometimes is in its talis Foliofo Caule, The Bufhy or Leafy Stalked Ori- | Flower alfo in the middle or begining of Winter, ental Jacinth. and is in form and color a plain White Oriental Fa-
cinth, but fomewhat leffer, differing in no other par- ticulars, but in the time of its Flowering, which is always certain to be long before the other Kinds.
v. The fecond, or Purple Winter Oriental Ja- cinth. In its Root, Stalk, Leaf, and Flower, it is like to, and fhews it felf to be of the Stock or Kindred of Oriental Jacinths , the difference of color in this Flower makes it to be diftinguifhed chiefly, and ir is, as the former, more early than the reft which fol- low this feems to be the very felf fame Kind with the former, faving that this has fine blewifh purple Flowers, whereas that has white. .
V. The third, or Greatelt Oriental Jacinth. The Root of this Jacinth is ufually greater than any other of its Kind, and moft commonly white on the outfide, trom which rife up one or two great round Stalks, fpotted from within the Ground, with the lower + pace of the Leaves alfo upward to the middle of the —
talks, or rather higher, like unto the Stalks of Dragons, but darker, being fet among a number of broad, long, and fomewhat hollow green Leaves, al- | moft as large as the Leaves of the White Lilly, at
the tops of the Stalks ftand more ftore of Flowers than in any other of this Kind, every Flower being as great as the greateft fort of Oriental Facinths, end- ing in fix Leaves, which turn at the points, ofa fair blewifh purple color, and all ftanding many times on one fide of the Stalks, and many times on both fides.
VIL. The fourth, or Ordinary Oriental Jacinth. Ie bas a Root which is great, and white on the outfide. and oftentimes perplth alfo, flat at the bottom an Small at the bead, it has many pn Leaves, long, fomewhat broad, and hollow, from among whi rifes up a long, green, round Stalk, befet from the middle thereof almoft with feveral Flowers, ftand- ing on both fides of the Stalks one above another unto the top, each of which next unto the Footftalk is long, hollow , round, and clofe, ending in fix {mall Tesch laid open, and a little turning at the
oints, of a very fweet fmell; the Colors of thefe
lowers are divers, for fome are pure white, with- out a thew of any other color in them, another is al- moft white, having a fhew of blewnefs, efpecially at the brims and bottoms of the Flowers, others are again of a very faint blufh, tending towards a white, fome are of as deep a purple as a Violet, others of a purple, tending to rednefS, and fome fo palea blew, as it were more white than blew, after the Flowers are paft threefquare Heads appear, beati round black Seed, great and fhining; this is ca the Common Oriental Facinth, becaufe it is now fo plentifully to be found in all Gardens, that it is not very much efteemed, of this Species are the three next following forts. 4
VII. The fifth, or Purple Violet Oriental Jacinth. It is very much like the farts Kind, but its Flowers — are of a deep purplith Violet color, having whith = lines down the back of every Leaf of the Flower, — which turn themfelves a little backwards at the =
points. + VII. The fixth, or Oriental Jacinth whofe ers open all one way. ‘his in its Root, Stalk, amt Leaves, is like the fourth Species aforegoing, bitin this it differs, viz. that its Flowers ftand and 4 all one way, and not on all fides, as fever Facinths do, and are therefore herein lik Great Zumbul Indi before defcribed. IX. The feventh, or Late Flowering Orie cinth. This, which feems to be a Sp fourth Kind, Flowers later than all t
Facinth Oriental Winter White.
7 ’
Jacinth Oriental Winter Purple or Blew.
~ Peat; | i} 2, ee
Low: 2
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or White Win- | ter Oriental Jacinth. It bas a bulbous Root, which
*
and the Flowers are fimaller, and ftand more upright, and they are either white or blew, or mid with white and purple. ‘
X. The eighth, or Bufhy or Leafy Stalked Orien- tal Jacinth. This firange Jacinth has its Roots, Leaves, and Flowers, like unto the former Oriental Jacinths, but the chief difference is in this, that its Stalk is not bare or naked, but has very narrow long Leaves, growing upon it difperfedly and without order, with the Flowers thereon, which are blew, and having for the moft part one Leaf} and fome- times two at the foot, or fetting on of every Flower, yet fometimes it chances fome Flowers to be with- out any Leaf at the bottom, as it pleafes Nature, which in this Plant is very variable, the Heads and Seed are black and round, like to thofé of the other Facinths,
XI. The Places. * All thefe Plant# have been brought to us out of Turky, and from Conftantino- ple, but the place of their true original is fcarcely known, with us they grow only in Cardans
XII. The Times. The two firft Flower the ear-
{maller than the Leaves of moft of the other Oriental Sorts, whether Single or Double, the Stalks. are fhorter and fimaller, bearing but three or four Flow- ers on the Heads of them for the moft part, which are not compofed like the laft, but are more fair, full, and double of Leaves, wheté they fhew out their full beauties, and of a fair blew color in fome, and purple in others, finelling pretty fweet, but thefe do feldom bear out their Fiwers fair, and-be- fides have feveral other Flowers, whicli will be ei- oe ise or very little double upon the very famé
talk.
V. The third, or Pure White Double Oriental Ja cinth. This Double White Flower or Plant has its Leaves like unto the Single White Oriental Jacinth in the former Chapter, its Stalk is likewife long, flender, and green, bearing at the top two or three Flowers at moft, very double, and full of Leaves; of a pure white color, without any other mixture therein, hanging down their Heads a little, and of a reafonable fweet {mell.
VI. The Places. They catne hither fr6m Con-
lieft, fometimes before Chriftmas, but more ufually | fatinople, but which is their native place of growth
after, and thro’ the whole Month of Fanuary, and later fometimes, they abide a great while in Flower, and in great beauty, more efpecially if the Weather is mild, when few or fcarcely any other Flowers are able to appear; the third Kind Flowers alfo earlier than any of thofe which follow, the other Ordinary Kinds Flower fome from the middle to the end of February, fome in March, and fome in April.
C H A P, CCCXCVI. Of JA CIN TH Oriental Double.
LTR HE Names. It is called in Greek “rdxwt@
avarerarnas dass, in Latine Hyacinthus Orien- talis duplex, Hyacinthus Orientalis Flore duplici, in Englifh The Double Oriental Facinth.
Il. The Kinds. This Double Kind is threefold, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Orientalis Flore duplici, The Once Double Bleak Oriental Jacinth. 2. Ayacinthus Ori- entalis Flore pleno Ceruleo vel Purpuro Violaceo, The Fair Double Blew or Purple Oriental Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus Orientalis Flore pene candidifiimus, The Pure White Double Oriental Jacinth.
Ill. The Deftriptions. The firft, or Once Dou- ble Oriental Jacinth, bas a bulbows Root, like the for- mer Single Kinds, it has feveral long Leaves, like unto the other Oriental Facinths almoft, ftanding upright, among which rifes up a Stalk, browni(h at firft, but growing green afterwards, bearing many Flowers at the top, made like the Flowets of the former Facinths, and ending in fix Leaves, green at the firft, and of a blewifh white when they are open,
et retaining fome fhew of greennefS in them, the felon of the Leaves being white; from the midft of each Flower ftands forth another finall Flower, con-
is uncertain, with us they are only nurfed up in Gardens:
VII. The Times. Some of them Flower in Marchy and fome in Apri/, and fome fooner, like as fome of the latter Sizele Kinds do.
CH A’P.. CCEXCVIk, Of JACIN TH Summer.
LP HE Nemes. it is called in Greek ‘raxwiG Gcewds, ip Latine Hyacinthus /Eftivus, and in Englifh Summer Facinth.
. The Kinds. There are five Kinds of the Sum- mer Facinth, viz. three Small Oriental Sumimer Fa- cinths, and two Starry Summer Facinths. 1. Hyas cinthus Hifpanicus minor Orientalis {aie Hyacins thus Orientalis ferotinus minor, The Little Summer Oriental Jacinth. 2. Ayacinthus Hifpanicus minor Flore albo, The Small White Summer Oriental Ja- cinth. 3. Hyacintbus i minor Flore rubens te, The Small reddifh Colored Oriental Jacinth. 4, Hyacinthus Stellatus JEfirous major, Hyacinthus Lufitanicus major,.The Greater Summer Starry Ja- cinth. 5. Ayacinthus Stellatus /Eftrvus minor, Hy- acinthus Lufitanicus minor, The Leffler Summer Starry Jacinth.
I. The Defcriptions. The f/f, or Little Sumi- mer Oriental Jacinth. It has a bulbous Root, which is {mall and white, ftom which rifes up four or five long, narrow, green Leaves, lying upon the Ground, among which rifés up a flendet {mootli Stalk, about a Span high, or more, bearing at the top many flen- der bleak blew Flowers, with fome white ftripes and edges to be feen in moft of them, fafhioned ve- ty like unto the Flowers of the Oriental Facinth,
fifting of three Leaves, of the fame color with the} but much fimaller, the Flowers have no fmell at all, other Flower, but with a green line on the back of] and the Seed is like the Seed of the Exglifh Facinth, each of thefe inner Leaves; in the middle of this] or Haresbells.
‘little Flower fome Threads ftand, which are tipt with black; the fmell of this Flower is not fo fweer. as thofe of the fo Single Kinds, but the Heads and Seed are very like to them.
. The fecond, or Fair Double Blew or Purple Oriental Jacinth. The Leaves of thefe Jacinths are.
IV. The fecond, or Small White Summer Orien- tal Jacinth. This feems to be of the fame Kind with the former, being in Root, Leaf, Stalk, Flower, and manner of growing, the [ame with it, and ditkers no- thing therefrom but in the color of the Flower, which is purely white. v. iow ive
V. The
ae 566 Salimon’s _V. The third er of the fame Kind, whofe Flow- ers are of a fine de lored Veins running along the three outward of the Flower, and differing in no other particulars from the firlt of thefe Summer Facinths. VI. The fourth, or Greater Summer Starry Jacinth. It has-a Root which is round and white, baving fome long thick Roots under it, befides the Fibres, as is ufual in many other Jacinths, from this Root rifes up feveral narrow = Leaves, lying upon the Ground, fomewhat like the Leaves of the English Facinth, or Haresbells, but ftiffer and ftronger, a- mong which rifes up a round ftiff Stalk, bearing many Flowers at the top thereof, and at every foot- of the Flowers a fmall fhort Leaf, of a pur- Ja color; the Flowers are Star-like, of a fine de- layed purplifh color, tending to a pale Blew, or Ath Color, ftriped on the back of every Leaf, and rin pointed Umbone in the middle, with fome whitifh purple Threads about it tipt with blew, the Seed is black, round, and fhining, like unto the Seed ofthe Exglifh Facinth, or Haresbells, but not full out fo big. VII. The Fith, or Leffer Summer Starry Jacinth. It has a fmall bulbous Root, and white, covered with abrown Coat, and having fome fuch thick Roots a- mong the Fibres as are among the others, this Leffer. Facinth has: feveral very long, narrow, and fhining green Leaves, {pread upon the Ground round about the Root, from among which rifes a very fhort round Stalk, not above two or three Inches high,
layed color, with fome , ves
bearing fix or feven {mall Flowers thereon on each fide of the Stalk, ike both in form and color unto
. the Greater Summer Facinth before defcribed, but _leffer by far, the Seed is black, and contained in three cornered Heads or Husks.
VIIl. The Places. The firft three have been ga- thered on the Pyrenean Mountains, on thofe fides next to Spain, from whence they have been brought to us; the fourth and fifth grow naturally in Portu- gal, and from thence have been tranfplanted into our Gardens.
IX. The Times. The firft three Flower very late in refpe&t to the Early Flowering Facinths, viz. in May or Fune for the moft part; the two latter Flower alfo in May, towards the latter end of it,
and fometimes alfo in Fume, and their Seed is ripe in Fuly.
CHAP. CCCXCVIII,
Of JACINTH Dun or Brown.
tioris, Hyacinthus Hifpa The Spanifh Dun or 8
ored Jacinth.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or or Brown Colored Jacinth, bas a bulbous
dsedtts, in Latine Hyacinthws Stellatus, and
1. HE Names. It is called in Greek ‘Tadxw8@|in Exglifh The Starr dats, in Latine Hyacintbus fufcus vel obfo- j letus, in Englifh The Dun or Brown Colored Facinth. Il. The Kinds. There are three Species of this Plant, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Hifpanicus Coloris obfole- iori nicus obfoletus vel fufcus, rown Colored Jacinth. 2. Hyacinthus Mauritanicus fufcus vel obfoletus, The Barbary Brown Colored Jacinth. 3. Myacintbus
LEthiopicus fufcus vel obfoletus, Hyacinthus ZEtbio- icus maximus, The Hthiopian Dun or Dusky Co-
nifh Dun oot, which | Treat in Chap. 493. following,
erbal.
Lib. 1.
re tenets / » or Small reddifh Colored Oriental | is reafonable great, and white on the outfide, with Jacinth. It is — ' many ftrong white Fibres at it, which perifh not Year-
as the Fibres of many other Jacinths dos it {prings
‘he out of the Ground, bearing four or five fhort,
hollow, and foft, whitifh green Leaves, with a white line in the middle of every one of them, from among which rife up one or more Stalks, bearing fe- veral Flowers at their tops, all looking one way, or ftanding on one fide, hanging down their heads, confifting of fix Leaves, three of which, being the outwardmoft, lay open their Leaves and turn back their ends a little, the other three Leaves, which are innermoft, do as it were clofe together in the mid- dle of the Flower, without laying themfelves open at all, being a little whitifh on the edges; the whole Flower is of a purplith yellow color, with fome white and green as it were mixed amongft it, of no finell atall; after the Flowers are paft great three cornered and bunched out Heads or Husks come in their places, which contain black and flat Seed, this Plant as it eine up late, f0 it keeps its green Leaves almoft until Winter.
IV. The fecond, or Barbary Brown Colored Ja- cinth. This Plant in its Root, Leaves, Stalks, Flow- ers, Seed, and manner of its growing, and in all other refpetts (except its magnitude) is very like the former, nor does it differ at all from it, but that this is every ways much greater. ‘
The third, or ethiopian Dun or oe Co- lored Jacinth. Its Root i bulbous, and like the for- mer, its Leaves are ftronger and greener than it, and
| the Stalk alfo thicker, bearing divers Flowers, con-
fufedly ftanding — longer footftalks, yet made after the fame fafhion, but that the three inner Leaves are whitifh, and dented about the edges, o- therwife the Flowers are greenifh on the infide.
VI. The Places. The native Country of the firft of thefe is Spain, the fecond is a native of Barbary, growing about Fes and Morocco, the third is a na- tive Of Ethiopie, and was brought hither from the Cape of Goodhope; with us they are only nurfed up in Gardens.
I. The Times. The firft Flowers not until Fuze, becaufe it fprings late out of the Ground, as afore- faid, holding its green Leaves all September, the Seed ripening in the mean feafon; and much about the fame times the other two Flower and Seed.
CHA P. CCCXCIX.
of JACINTH Starry, Common.
LS" HE Names. It is called in Greek “Yeu
acinth, IL. The Kinds. “i are fix generick Species of the Szarry Facinths, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Stellatus ZEftivus, three Species of which we have already Treated of among the Summer Facinths in Chap. 397- aforegoing. 2. Hyacinthws SteHatus Communis, I Common Starry Jacinth, of which in this Chapt & Hyacinthus Stellatus Americanus, The America Jacinth, of which in Chap. 400. 4. J) thus Stellatus Byzantinus, The Turky Statty | of which in Cha . 401. §. thus Autumnalis, The Autumn Statty Jaciath, © in aT ae 6. Hyacinthus Stellatus Litgolius, The Lilly Leav'd Starry Jacinth, of which we &
‘ac
% -
b 3
Chap. 399. Engl Horks. 567
Ul. The Kinds of the Common Starry Facinth. OF
this there are feven Species or Sorts, viz. 1. ‘Taxsv.
8@ dsesess Inuddus, Hyacinthus Stellatus Communis vel Vulgaris, frve Bifolius Fuchfij, Hyacinthus Stel-
latus Fuchfij, Hyacintbus Stellatus Germanicus, The Common Blew Starry Jacinth. 2. Ayacinthus Stel- latus Flore albo, The White Flowered Starry Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus Stellatus Flore rubente, The Bluth Colored Starry Jacinth. 4. Hyacinthus Stellatus ‘Martius, five Precox Ceruleus, The Early Blew joey Jacinth. 5. Hyacinthus Stellatus pracox Flo- re albo, The White Early Starry Jacinth. 6. Hya- cinthus Stellatus Flore Niveo, vel albiffimo, The Purely White Starry Jacinth. 7. Hyacinthus Stel- latus precox Flore fuave rubente, The Early Bluth Colored Starry Jacinth.
Starry Yacyuth Common (A\
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common Blew Starry Jacinth. Its Root is bulbous, fomewbat long, and covered with a yellowifh Coat, it rifes out of the Ground commonly with but two brown Leaves, yet fometimes with three, inclofing within them the Stalk of Flowers, the Buds appearing of a dark whitifh color as foon as the Leaves open them- felves, which Leaves being grown are long and hol- low, of a whitifh green on the upper fide, and brown on the under fide, and half round, the brown Stalk rifing up higher, bearing five or fix fmall Star like Flowers, contfifting of fix Leaves, of a fair dee blew, tending to a purple; the Seed is yellowi and round, contained in round pointed Heads or Husks, which by reafon of their heavinef$ and the weaknefs of the Stalk lie upon the Ground, and of- ten perifh with Wet and Froft; this Starry Facinth has Ne longeft known, and is the moft common.
V. The fecond, or White Flowered Starry Jacinth. This White Kind has its Leaves like the former, but green and fresh, not brown, and alfo a little narrow- er; the Buds for the Flowers ap at firft a little blufh, but when they are blown they are white, but
VI.. The third, or Bluth Colored Starry Jacinth. This in its Root, Leaves, and Stalk, is exattly like the former, and differs nothing therefrom but in the Flowers, which are of a fair blufh color, much more eminent than in the others, in all other particulars it is exactly alike. .
VII. The fourth, or Early Blew Starty Jacinth. Is Root is bulbous, and a little whiter than the others on the outfide, its Leaves are alfo a little broader, of a frefher green, and not brown at all, as the firft Blew Fasiats aforegoing is, the Buds of the Flow- ers while they are inclofed within the Leaves, and after when the Stalk is grown up, do remain more blew than the Buds of the former; the Flowers when they are blown open are like the former, but fomething larger, and of a more lively blew color; this Kind of Facintb does more feldom bear Seed than the others aforegoing.
VIII. The fifth, or White Early Starry Jacinth. This is alfo one other of the fourth Kind, the green Leaves whereof are a little narrower than the for- mer, and its Flowers are purely white, in any other “pe there is no difference from it at all.
X. The fixth, or Purely White Starry Jacinth. This feems to be a Species of the ie Kind afore- going, its Leaves are of a pale frefh green, and a little narrower chan thofe, and its Flowers are {mal- ler than them, and of a pure Snow white color.
X.. The feventh, or Early Bluth Colored Starry Jacinth. ‘The Root is bulbous, and like to the other Starry Jacinths; the Leaves differ not from the fifth Kind, or White Early Starry Facinth, and its Flow- ers are blufh colored, and as large as thofe of the fifth Kind, and fomewhat larger than the Flowers of the fourth Kind; this B/a/h Colored Facinth is ve- ry rare, but it is very pleafant.
XI. The Places. All thefe Facinths have been found in the Woods and Mountains of Aw/tria, Bo- bemia, Germany, &%c. as Fuchfius and Gefner affirm, and in Italy, near Naples, as me sta and others fay, but with us they are all of them nurfed up in Gardens, more efpecially the White and Blufh Kinds, for that they are more tender, and therefore require the more care to keep them ftom perifhing.
XII. The Times. The firft, fecond, and fixth Kinds Flower much about the middle of February, if the Weather is mild and gentle, the other Kinds about fourteen or twenty days after, viz.in March, but many times as early as the firft three.
GHA P, CCCC, Of JACINTH Starry Peruvian,
LP HE Names. It is called in Greek ‘YaxwiG
dsessis sexopbess, in Latine Hyacinthus Eriopbo- rus, vel Hyacinthus Laniferus, Eriophorus Perua- nus, Hyacinthus Stellatus Peruanus vel Americanus,
Hyacinthus Peruanus, Hyacinthus Stellatus Beticus, *
in Englifh The American or Peruvian Starry Fa- cinth, and The Spanifh Starry Facinth,
Il. The Kinds. We make four feveral Species of this Plant, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Stellatus Ceruleus Peruanus wgint Hyacinthus Ceruleus Stellatus Ba- ticus major, Hyacinthus Ceruleus Americanus major,
The Greater Blew Starry American or Peruvian Ja- .
cinth, The Greater Blew Starry Spanifh Jacinth. 2. sagen Stellatus Peruanus ¥lore albo, Hyacin-
yet retain in them a finall fhew of that bluth color. | thus Stellatus Albus Beticus, The Great White Pe-
ruvia
eS ee eee Sr
Ocak ral A 5 al
Say
“Spanifh Jacinth. 4. Hyacinthus Eriopborus five
ce 569 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. |. favian Starry Jacinth, The Great Spanifh White Serry Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus Stellatus Peruanus Hore Carneo, Hyacinthus Stellatus Baticus Flore Car- neo, The Great Bluth Colored Starry American or Peruvian Jacinth, The Great Blufh Colored Starry
two firft American ones defcribed in Chap. 391. aforegoing.
IV. The fecond, or Great White Peruvian Jacinth. The Roots and Seed of this are like unto the former, Jo it is alfo in moft of its other parts, but that its ; Leaves are not fo large, nor of fo deep a , Stalks of Flowers likewife have not fuch thick Heads or Buthes on it, but the Flowers are fewer and thin- | ner fet, the Flowers themfelves alfo are whitith, yet having a fmall dath of blufh in ann the Threads are whitifh, tipt with yellow Pendents, thefe are the chief particulars in which it differs from the former.
V. The third, or Great Bluth Colored Starry Ame- — rican or Peruvian Jacinth. Tha is found growing among the other, and differs but little from the two former, but only in the color of the Flowers, for this has its Head of Flowers as great and large as the firft, but the Buds of its Flowers before they are si are of a deep blufh color, which being com- pleatly opened are more delayed, and of a pleafant
ale purple or blufh color, ‘ing upon purplifh _ | Foorttalks ; the Heads in the middle are whitifh, ~ fo are the Threads encompaffing it, tipt with | yellow. . | VI. The fourth, or Woolly Jacinth. Its Root is | bulbous and white, fomewhat like to the Root of a Mufcari, which is ax full of Wooll or fine Fibres as | the Leaves, or rather more than they, or any other ' | part of it; this Woolly Facinth has many br oh ong, and fair preen Leaves, very like unto fome of - | the Facinths, but ftiffer, or ftanding more upright, which being broken do yield a multitude of fm: fine, foft Fibres, as if a little fine Cotton Woo was drawn out, from among thefe Leaves rifes up a long, round, green Stalk, a Foot and half high, or . more, on which is fet a great long Buth of Flowers, which blowing open by degrees, firft below, and fo upwards, are very long in Howering; the top of the Stalk with the Flowers, and their little {mall Foot- ftalks, are all blew, every: Flower ftanding outright j with its Stalk, and fpreading like a Star, divided into fix Leaves, having many fmall blew Threads {tanding about the middle Head, which, as far as is yet difcovered, never yet gave ripe Seed.
VII. The Places, 'The-figlthas been formerly Naw med Eriophorys Peruanus, and Alyacinthws Stellatus Peruanus, The Starry Jacuye of Bow, and the three firft are generally known and received by the Name of Hyacinthus Peruanus, for which reafon we alfo i have retained it, but all the firft three grow natu- } tally in Spaim, in the Meadows not far from Sea, as alfo in the Ifland of Gades, commonly cal- led Ca/es, as likewife in other parts along the Sea fide going from thence to Port St. Maria, which when they are in Flower grow fo thicl Fess
that they feem to cover the Ground, as Gail. : affirms, who fays that himfelf gathered thefe many others in the places named with his Hands, but faying withal that the White and Blufh Colored are far more rare than the Blew, or fir Kind, yet notwirhftanding all that bas _— her- to faid, it is very probable that they have been fount growing alfo in Peru, otherwife they could never have fo generally obtained that Name, with ns . are Only nurfed up in Gardens; the fourth hasma- ny times been fent out of Turky into Englan wt sis
in our Gardens it has Hourifhed for a lon a t well as feveral others ; ’tis poffible that that in opbraftus Lib. 7. Cap. 13. is this very. Plant, he declares. that Garments were made of ‘th fubftance of a bulbous Root taken’ id nm we Core or Heart of the Root and the eutermoft or Peelings; but Cifixs will ha:
Laniferus, Bulbus Eriopborus vel Laniferus, The Woolly Jacinth.
Great Blew Starry Facinth of Pern.
>
Ill. The Deferiptions. The firft, or Great&t lew Starry American or Peruvian or Spanifh Ja- cinth. It has a great bulbous Root, and fomewhat yellowifh on the outfide, with @ knob or bunch at the lower end of the Root, (which is called the feat of the Root) like unto that of the Mufcari, or Scylla, and many other bulbous Roots, from which bang down fee veral white, ilick, and long Fibres, by which it is faftened into the Ground, which perifb not every Year, but abide continually, and therefore does not defire much removing , from this Root {pring up five or fix or more very broad and very long green Leaves, fpread upon the Ground tound about the Root, which being broken are woolly, or full of very fine Fibres, (whence came part of the Greek Name) from the middle of thefe Leaves rifes up a round fhort Stalk, (in comparifon of the greatnefs of the Plant, (for the Stalk of the Oriental Fgcinth is fometimes twice as high, whofe Root is not fo great) bearing at the top a great Head or Bu‘h of Flowers, fafhion- ed in the begining, before they are blown or fepara- ted, very like to a Come, or Pine-Apples they begin to Flower below, and fo upwards by degrees, every Flower f{tanding upon a long blackifh blew foorftalk, Which when they are blown open are of a perfect blew color, tending to a Violet, and made of fix -finall Leaves laid open like a Star; the Threads like- ‘wife are biewifh, tpt with yellow Pendents, ftand- ing about the middle Head, which is of a deep blew, not having any pleafant fmell to be perceived in ir, but commendable only for the beauty of the Flow- ers; after the Flowers are paft threefquare or cor- nered Heads come in their places, containing round black Seed; this Faciath is the greateft of thofe whofe Flowers are fpread like a Star, except the.
es M i Wit
5
‘
ies of the fart ind in this
fon we.have put it in this pice among the Peruvi-
an Kinds, it being a Facjnt and Flower. VIL. The Times. The firft three Flower in‘ May,
and the Seed is ripe in Fu/y; the fourth Flowers not | and
' often, and is rare to be {een Flowering with us, but when it does Flower it Flowers alfo in the Month of May, as the others do. Oo
>
CHAP. cccCch — of JACINTH Stany Turky.
L-S* HE Names. It is called in Greek “Téxsi@-
dsestis BiLarnis, in Latine Hyacinthus Stella- tus Byzantinus, and in Englifh The Turky Starry Facimth, The Starry Facinth of Conftantinople. _ II. The Kinds. There are four Species of this Plant, viz. 1. is ob tle Stellatus Byzantinus Ra- dice nigra, The Turky Starry Jacinth with a black Root.. 2. Ayacinthus Stellatus Byzantinus major, The Greater Starry Jacinth of Conftantinople. 3. Flyacinthus Stellatus “aged alter, Hyacinthus Flore Boraginis, The other Turky Starry Jacinth, or Starry Jacinth of Conftantinople. 4. Hyacinthus Stellatus Conftantinopolitanus Flore Cinereo, Hiyacin- thus Stellaris Somert, The Turky Afh Colored Star-
zy Jacinth, or Somer’s Starry Jacinth.
Ill. The Deftriptions. The firft, or Turky Star- Jacinth with a black Root. “It has « Root which
or the moft part does run downwards, fometbing deep into the Ground, from which rife up feveral frefh, green, thin, and long Leaves, of the bignefS of the Englifh Facinth, but not fo long, between which ri- fes up a flender low Stalk, bearing five or fix Flow- ers, ais edly fet thereon, fpreading open like a Star, og e or bleak blew color, the Leaves of the Flowers are fomewhat long, and ftand as it were fomewhat loofely, one off from another, and not fo
ogether as the Flowers of other Kinds ; OR pay rcy Ae with us ripe Seed, becaufe the Heads
Se ee
s, or Laniferus, or HG Blogs to be a Spe-}-are-fo-heav
( that. lying upon. the. Ground. they rot with the Wet, or are bitten with the Frofts, or both, fo that they feldotti come to good; the Root is {mall in fome,) and)reaforiable big in others, round and long, white within, but covered with deep red- difh or purplifh peelings next unto it, and darker blacker purple on the outfide, with fome long’ and thick white Fibres like Fingers hanging’ at the bottom of them, as is to be feen in many other Fa- —_ The feconi on G ‘ oRtt Vs The fecond, or Greater Starry. Jacinth.of Con- ftantinople. The Root of this is fie he former, fac ving that it is not black on the outfide, as the other, ‘but three times bigger , this Jacinth may truly be re- ferred’ to the former Facinih of Conflantinople, and called the Greater, it is fo very like thereunto, that any one who knows that cannot but know or think that this is another of that fort, but greater, as it is in alliits parts, beating larger Leaves by much, and more ftore, lying upon the Ground. round about the Root; it bears many low Stalks of Flowers, as bleak and. ftanding as loofely as the former.
V. The third, or Other Turky Starty Jacinth, or Starry. Jacinth of Conftantinople. Its Root is of a dark whitifh color on the outfide, and fometimes a lit tle reddifb withal ; it has for the moft part only four Leaves, broader and greener than the firft, but not fo large or fo long as the fecond ;-the Stalk has five or fix Flowers upon it, bigger and rounder fet, like other Starry Facinths, of a more perfect ot deeper blew than either of the former, having a whitifh
een Umbone or Head in the middle, befet with 1x blew Chives or Threads tipt with black, fo clofe ly encompafling the Umbone or Head, that the Threads feem to be fo many pricks {tuck iato a Club or Head, fome have therefore liken’d it toa Borage Flower, and fo have called it; after the Flowers are paft come up round’ white Heads, in which is con- tained round and white Seed,
VI. The fourth, or Turky Ath Colored Starry Ja-
cinth, or Somer’s Starry Jacinthi. Its Root is like to that of the Englith Jacinth, or Haresbells, being great, round, and white, fo like that it is hard to know the one from the other its Leaves are alfo ve- z like to the Leaves of the Exglifh Jacinth, and pread themfelves upon the Ground in the fame manner, from among which rife up one or two Stalks, replenifhed at top with a number of finall Star like Flowers, bufhing out more below than above, of a very pale or white Blew, tending to an Ath Color, and very fweet in ftmell; the Seed is black and round, like unto the Seed of the Exgii/h Facinth, or Haresbells.
VIL. The Places. The Titles of the three firft fhew you their native places, the third of them, as Lobel fays, was brought to England from Con/tanti- nople by the Lord Zouth, the fourth Somers brought from Conflantinople, or out of Italy, as Lobel fays, into the Low Countries, from whence it has been brought to.us, but-they all flourifh admirably well in our Gardens.
VIM. The Times. The firft of thefe Flower ear. lier than the othér three, and prefently after the Early Starry Facinth, the three laft Flower all of them in Apri/.
Dddd CHAP.
ol a
Pe
570 Salmons Herbal. Lib. |.
Head in the middle, which in time growing tipe C pn Ses Lg i, prs a beg sass be : . The fecond, or Lefer Autumn ota acinth. He ASP. COCCI. This eee Tacnth has a bulbous Root "The others, which fends forth fuch like long and. fmall Leaves Of JACIN TH Starry Autumn. jas the former, but narrower, the Stalk is not full out fo high, but bears as many Flowers on it as the . other, which are of a pale or bleak purple color, LT HE Names. Itis called in Greek ‘Téxvt@ very like to it alfo, as is the Seed too, but that it ds pseis éxwewess in Latine Hyacinthus Stellatus \'S Wer; both thefe for the moft ys bear their Autumnalis, and in Englifh The Autumn Starry Fa-\Flowers and Seed before the green Leaves rife up
cinth, :
Il. The Kinds. There are three Species of this Vi. The tbird, or Leffer Autumn Starry Jacinth Plant, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Stellatus Eaiumik ma.\ With white Flowers. This in its Root Stalk, Flow- jor, The Greater Autumn Starry Jacinth. 2. Hya-\ers, and Seed, as alfo in its manner of growing, dif- cintbus Stellatus Autumnalis minor, The Leffler Au- fers nothing rom the former Leffer Purple Kind /aft tumn Starry Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus Stellatus Au- deferibed, excepting in the color of the Mowers, which tumnalis Flore albo minor, The Leffer Autumn Star- |?” this Plant are always white.
acinth with whi . ry Jacinth with white Flowers VIL. The Places. The native places of the firft
Ill. An Obfervation. Dalechampius with many and third ate as yet unknown to us, where poflibly Words would have us to believe a thefe Plants] they may grow wild, here they are only nurfed up can be no Facinths, becaufe their Flowers appear in Gardens ; the fecond grows wild in many places before their Leaves in Autumn, contrary to the true} Of England, as on the foot of. high Bank by the Facinth, as he fays, and therefore will have it to be Thames fide at the hither end of Che//ea, haa the Bulbus of Theopbraftus Lib. 1. Cap. 12. which he} Come at the Barge-Houfe, and other places, calls his Tipbywm (there mentioned) as alfo Bulbs | whence Plants have been taken for Gardens.
— “Ffivu Dalechampij., this may carry fome probabi-|_ Vill. The Times. ‘The firft or greateft Flowers lity with it, yet the likenefS of both Roots, Leaves, | "0 the end of uly, and in Auguft, the other two in and Flowers, have perfwaded very Learned Botanifts Auguft and September, you {hall rarely fee any of to believe them to be true Facinths, and fo we take | thefe Plants with Flowers and green Leaves together them in this place. at one time.
i
CHAP. CCCCIl.
of JACIN TH Stay Lilly Leaved.
a | 7
UP HE Names. It is called in Greek ‘Téwie ds efuss Acrexoquaawes, in Latine Hyacinthus Stel-
eh = a and in Englifh Lilly Leaved Starry acintp.
Il. The Kinds. There are three feveral Species
of this Plant, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Stellatus Li ifo-
Hyacinthus Stellatus Lilifolius albus, vel Lt olius Flore albo, The White Flowered Lilly Leaved Starry Jacinth. 3. Hyacintbus Stellatus Lilifolius. Flore Carneo, The Bluth Colored Lilly Leaved Statty Ja- Cinth. Now becaufe the Roots of thefé Plants as well as the Leaves are fo very like to a Lilly, they have been called Hyacintbus Stellatus Lilifolio o Radice, but for brevity fake Hyacinthus Stellatus Li- lifolius, The Lilly Leaved Starry Jacinth. ; Clu fays that the People who Dwell near its native plate of growth call it Sarabug.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Blew Flow:
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater Au-|ered Lilly Leaved Starry Jacinth. Jt bas a Nn tumn Starry Jacinth. It bas a Root which % great, which is bulbous, longifh, big below and fmall above, bulbous, and white on the outfide, from this Root | dike unto the {mall Root of a Lilly, and compofed os {pring up five or fix or more very long and narrow | yellow Scales, as a Lilly, but the Scales aré 80 green Leaves, lying upon the Ground; the Stalks|and fewer in number, trom this Root rife up MB sre furnifhed at top with many Star like Flowers, | feven broad green Leaves, fomewhat like unto of a pale blewith purple color, with fome pale co- Leaves, (from whence it took past of its Nal lored Threads tipt with blew ftanding about the] well as from the Root) fpread upd ne GI
wer Oe
Chap. 404. Engiifh
aa
Herh. ——591
and lying clofé and round; before the Stalk rifes|
out trom the middle of thefé Leaves, there does ap- peat a deep hollow place, like a hole, to be feena good while, which at length is filled up with the Stalk, rifing, up to. a) Fonr, or more. Sacaee bear- ing many Star like Flowers at top, ofa pertett blew color, near unto a Violet, and fometimes of a paler or bleak blew color, having as it were a {mall Cup in the:middle, divided into fix picams without any Ler uo the Seed is black and round, but not fhining.. ,
IV. The fécond, or White Flowered Lilly Leaved Starry Jacinth. ‘This Plant in its Root, Leaves, Stalk, Flower, Seed, and manner of growing, is whol- ly like the former, (fo that all the aforefaid defcrip. tion may here be’avoided) that we may not fay the fame thing over again; bur there is fomething in which it varies, and that is in the color of the Flow- ers, which im this is ae ees the former is blew, and. that is all the di: ce.
V. The third, or Bluth Colored Lilly Leaved Starry Jacinth. This Plant is like alfo to the firft and fecond @ deferibed in all the parts of the Same, and in the magnitude and manner of its grow- ing, varying only in the color of the Flowers, for whereas they are blew im the firft and white in the fecond, thefe are of a blufh color, which is the whole of the obférved difference.
VI. The Places. Thefe Facintbs have’been found Natives of the Pyrenean Hills, in that part of France called Aguitane, and iw feveral other places ; I have found them to grow plentifully in many Plantations in Caro/ima, and other parts of the bs Indies; but that with the white Flower is moft ufu- al or common.
VII. The Times. They Flower in Apri/, and fometimes later, I have found them Flowering in Carolina in March, and in i as alfo in May, and fometimes later if the Weather prove hard or
cold.
VIL. The Virtues. Authors have affigned to them no Medical Virtues, but account them rather as Poyfons, for that by Experience it has been va that Cattel who have eaten of the Leaves hereo have prefently fwelled and fo died, this I know, that in Carolina if their Calves, young Bullocks, or Cows eat thereof they are prefently taken with a fwimming, and ina fhort time turn round with a Vertigo, and then ina little time after it die, and all this without Remedy, this I have feen; nor could I find that they had any Cure for it, their Death be- ing fo fudden: An Ointment or Balfam made of the Roots is an excellent thing againft f{crophulous Sores i oe and being duly applied cures them to a
onder.
JAMESWORT, See Ragwort.
CHAP. CCCCIV.
Of JEWSEARS.
1. HE Names. This Plant is called in Greek Muans Axcis, 5 uvans dxnvG-, in Latine Fungus Sambuci, and Fungus Sambucinus, Gummi Sambuct, and of fome Awmricule Fude, in Englifh Fewsears, alfo i ae of the Elder Tree. Il. $e Kinds. It may peek be ote erga ie Stock Mafbrooms, as is alfo Agaric t thi growing upon the Alder Tree is a fingular Species.
Il. The Deftription, “It % a Excrefcence, which is foft, blackifb, covered’ with a Skin, or otberwife like q thick Skin Cited like now and than to = Mans Ear, which cing plucked off and dried forit : together and becomes bard. |
IV. The Places. It is found growing only upon Elder Trees, and. generally fuch as are old, in moft places of this Kingdom,
V. The Times. They ought to be gathered when they are come to their largenefS, or pociene in the fore part of the day, ina fair and dry Seafon, and in the Months of Auguft or September, when they have participated of the full afcending Virtues and Juices of the Tree.
VI. The Qualities. They are tempefate in refpett of heat or cold, and dry in the begining of the fe- cond degree, they are Anodyn, Aftringent, and Dif- cuffive, a little Repercuffive, and Vulnerary.
VIL. The Specification, ‘They are peculiar for cu- ring the Quinfie, and other Tumors of the Throat, Almonds, and Jaws.
VIIL ‘The Preparations. You may have there- from 1. A Decottion in Wine or Water. 2. A Com- pound Decottion. 3. A Cataplafm.
The Virtues.
IX. The Decoffion in Wine or Water. It is ufed as a le to heal all Tumors or Swellings, and Sores or Ulcers in the Mouth, Gums, Throat, Al- monds, €c. thofe parts being wafhed or gargled therewith three, four, five, or fix times a day as hot as can be endured, by this means exquifite Quinfies have been cured therewith, but in cafe of a Quinfie the Decoftion will be belt to be made in Vinegar, adding thereto after it is boiled a fitting proportion of Wine.
X. The Compound Decottion in Wine or Water. Take Wine or Water .three Pints, Fewsears, Elm Bark bruifed, of each fix Drams, Columbine Leaves half an Ounce, Madder three Drams, Cremar Tarta- ri in pouder five Drams, Black Pepper in pouder
Dddd 2 half
= =
- Ticule or Fungi into very fall bits, and then boiling
572 Salmons Herbal, ab
Palate’ of the Mouth, that when it is down it re- ftores it to its proper tone and ftate; it alfo takes away vehement inHamations of thofe parts, they being often gargled therewith. ;
XL. The Cataplafm. It is made by BE Au-
them in Wine, or in Vinegar, adding a little Barley Flower to bring it to a confiftency. Applied out- wardly to the Throat as hot as'can.be endured in a Quinfie, (whilft the Decoftions are ufed inwardly as a Gargarifm) it much contributes to the abating of the Inflamation and difcufling of the Tumor; ap- plied to any other recent Inflamation or Tumor whilft in begining, in what part of the Body, foever, it cocls, abates the inflamation, alleviates the pain, and difcuffes the fwelling. aap) |
SS ZS 14)
N 1, WwW NZ SS, r :\ 4 | \\) y SE
x ‘
SS } \
*
a | “al
C'H..A’ P. SCEGCV: |
& a
Of JOHNS W ORT Great Common, OR, ae HYPERICON.
-
LJ HE Names. It is called in Greek ‘Ymeniy,
S in Latine Hypericon, in Englifh Hypericon\ 4 alfo, and Fohnswort,; the Arabians call it Reafricon, Reiofaricon, Henfericon, Nelifricon,
Il. The Kinds. There are two generick Kinds of Hypericon, or Fobnswort, viz. 1. Hypericon vulga- re, which fome have called Fuga Demonum, i. e. Drive Devil, and fome Androfemum, becaufe the Flowers yield a bloody color, and others Chamepy- tis, becaufe of the refinous fimell of the Seed, but thefe are the proper Names of other Plants, this our Hypericon (Treated of in this Chapter) is the Tre Fypericon of Diofcorides, or Common Great Fobns- wort, as both the bloody color of the Flowers and refinous fmell of the Heads and Seed do declare, which are two principal Notes thereof. 2. Hyperi- um minus, The Leffer Hypericon, or Johnswort, of which in Chap. 406. following.
VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the firft — degree, thin, and of fubtil p Anodyn, Digeftive, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuretick , Difeativ Trau- matick or Vulnerary, Neurotick, Stomatick, Ne- _ phritick, Hyfterick, Arthritick, and Alexipharmick. — a
VIL. The Specification. It is peculiar for curin a Wounds and Ulcers, Spitting, Vomiting, and Pil- ah fing Blood, Bitings of Venomous Creatures, Stone Ade, and Gravel in the Reins, Strangury, and heat of pee ftoppage of cod fee in , Le Tertigg- 2 ae and Quartan Agues, the Sciati e, Epilepfie, = and other Difeafes of like kind. 7
VIII. The Preparations. You may have th from thefe following Medicaments, viz. 1. A Juice of Leaves and Flowers. 2. An Effence. 3. An Im ufion or Decottion in Wine of Herb, Flowers, and Seed. 4. A Pouder of Herb or Flowers. 5. A Pou- a + der of the Seed. 6. An Oil Simple. 7. An Oil Com= pound. 8. An Oil Magifiral. 9. A Diftilled Wa ter. 10. An Acid Tintlure. 11. A Spirituous Tinture. 12. An Oily Tindture.
The Virtues.
IX. The Fuice. It isa good Vulnerary, whethe inwardly taken or outwardly applied, < nd gi
Ill. The Defcription. Common Great Johnswort, er Common Hypericon, bas a Root which is hard and woody, es divers Strings and Fibres at it, and of a brownifh color, which abides in the Ground ma- ny Years, fhooting forth afrefh every Spring, from this Root fhoots forth brownifh, hard, upright, round Stalks, about two Feet high, fpreading many Branches trom the fides up to their tops, having two {mall Leaves fet one againft another at every nlace, which are of a deep green color, fomething Fike to the Leaves of the Lefer Centory, but narrow- er, and full of fimall holes in every Leaf, which can- not be fo well Baperet . Bile ee Bed acc's = to the light, at the tops of the es | two gay hid our Spoonfuls at a time 1 ftand yellow Flowers, confifting of five Leaves apiece, | a GlafS of Wine it heals inward Wo a0
with many yellow Threads in the middle, which] Bruifes; it is of fubtil parts, opens being bruifed do yield a reddifh Juice, like Blood,| the Vi/cera, diffolves Tumors, confolid.
‘Sy
Chap. 40 5. {9 5
Se te eT ee tor UP oT Thin nee GUn nn , s Pies SE ) of Wounds, ftrengthning the parts which are weak ines all Wounds and Ulcers, tho’ made with poy- at : te) 4
and feeble. cat 3 Weapons, Gout, Sciatica, and Rheumatick X. The Effence. This is yet more effe€tual to all] Pains; it is faid to heal green and deep Wounds the aforefaid Intentions, befides which it is good which run into the Body, it ftrengthens and refrefh- againft all manner of Spitting and Vomiting Blood,|es the Joints, comforts the Nerves and Tendons, occafioned by the rupture of any Vein, or by Bruifes, pelps Tremblings, Cramps, Convulfions, and Palfie: Falls, or any other means whatfoevers it is an An- ollient, Digeftive, and Difcuffive, I have foun t
tidote againit Poyfon, and prevails againft the fting-| it by Experience to be an excellent thing to diffolve .
ing or biting of any Venomous Creatures it has been|Strumous Tumors, and to digeft, cleanfe, dry up, found effettual by experience to give.eafe in the] and heal Kings-Evil Sores and Ulcers. Strangury, to expel Sand, Gravel, and fimall Stones, BME The Compound Oil. Take White, or rather out of the Reins and Bladder, and to provoke the | Red Port, or Lisbon Wine, three Pints, frefh Flowers Terms in Women, taken to three or four Spoo Hypericon, with the Seeds or Heads, four hand: Gonceding to Age) warm, mixed with a Glafs of | fuls, beat or bruife them, and digeft in a Glafs Veffel ine, before the Fits of Agues, for fome days, it clofe flopped for two days, boil them in Balneo, and helps them and alters the Fits, whether they be Ter- prefs them cut Sirensly to this ftraining put new tians or Quartans, and by continuing the ufe of it] Flowers and Tops of the Herb, as before, and repeat for fome time perfe&tly cures them. | it the ibird time, and then ftrongly prefs out by _ XL. The Infufion or Decottionn in Wine of Herb| ftraining , to every Pound bereof add of pure Florence and Flowers, as alfo of the Seed. They have the] O:/ four Pounds, of choice Venice or Scio JERE Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but muft be given ag Ounces, Oil of Wormwood three Ounces, Dittany, two or three times a day, and in a much larger} Gentian, Carduus, Tormentil, Calamus Aromaticns, Dofe, viz. from four Ounces to eight Ounces, ac-| Carline, or Carduus Maria, all of them in pouder, cording to Age and Neceffity; they open obftructi-| of each two Drams, Earth Worms flit and often wafh- ons of Reins and Womb, and kill Worms in the| ed in White Wine two Ounces, fet them to infolaté Belly or Stomach. for five or fix Weeks, or elfe dige[t as long in a mo- XIL The Pouder E Herb and Flowers, \t is an| derate Sand heat, and keep the Oil for ufe. Or thus: effeftual thing for Wounds .and Sores, to cleanfe| Take of either of the Simple Oils in the former ettion dry, conglutinate, ‘and heal: them, being ftrewed | four Pounds, Oil of Funiper Berries rettified half a thick upon the fame, and dreffed therewith Morning | Pound, Chymical Oil of Nutmegs a quarter of a Pound, and Evening. ; Balfam Copaybe two Ounces and balf, Campbir one XUL. The Pouder of the Seed. Vt has the Virtues | Ounce, mix, diffolve, and keep it for ufe. This has of Juice, Effence, and Decoftion, but not altogether | all the Virtues of the Simple Oil with advantage, fo effé€tual; if it is taken toa Dram in Juice or] being more comfortable to the Nerves, drawing and Effence- of Kzotgra/s it cures Spitting, Vomiting, | cleanfing than it, is a moft excellent Vulnerary, dif-. and Piffing of Blood, as alfo Bloody Fluxes, and | cufles' Tumors, eafes Pain, heals Contufions, Pun- confolidates any Vein which is inwardly broken; if|€ures, of other Hurts and Wounds of the Nerves it is taken to the quantity of two Drams in fome| and Tendons, and is admirable for old Aches, Rheu- Broth i does gently purge Choler, cleanfes the. Vef-| matifms, Bruifes, Strains, Palfies, Numbnefs,Cramps, fels of the Mefentery, and-expels congealed Blood | Convulfions, Headach, Megrim, Lethargy, Burn- out of the Stomach; it is alfo much commended, | ings, Scaldings, €c. ; being drank for forty days together, for the Cure of} XVI. The Magiftral Oil. Take of the Simple Oil the Epilepfie, Palfic, Gout, and Sciatica, as alfo to| of Hypericon made with Oil of Ben at Seéf. 14. afore- remove and eafe Rheumatick Pains in any part of] going four Pounds, Balfam of Peru a Pound and half; the Body. Balfam of Tolu, Storax Calamita flrained, Tinfure. XIV. The Simple Oil. Take Expreffed Oil of the| of Saffron and Cochenele abftratted to the thicknefs of Seeds of Hypericon, or for want thereof Expreffed| new Honey, of each half a Pound, Chymical Oils of Oil of Ben, or choice Oil Olive, a Gallon, Red Port| Angelica, Lavender, Limons, Mint, Nutmegs, Oran: or Lisbon Wine a Pint and half, Flowers of Hyperi-\ ges, and Saflafras, of each three Ounces, mix, digeft con thirty two Ounces, infolate, or digeft in a equi-| in a warm Balneo or Sand beat for a Week, fhaking volent Sand heat for fourteen days, then boil in Bal-| altogether once a day, and keep it for ufe. This has neo to the confumption of the Wine, ftrain out by Ex-\all the Virtues of the Simple and Compound Oils preffion,-and repeat the Infufion with like quantity |aforegoing, but for any extream or inveterate Pain of Flowers, Boiling and Expreffing, as aforesaid. ad-\in any part of the Body, or for any Contufion, Pun- ding alfo more frefh Wine, repeating the fame Work | &ure, or any other Wound or Hurt of the Nerves the third time with fre/b Flowers, then ftraining out,| or Tendons, there is nothing fuperior to it in the keep it for ufe, fome add to the aforefaid Oil Venice,| World, efteem it as a Jewel. Strasburgh, or rather Scio Turpentine, one Pound,| XVII. The Diftilled Water. Take the Flowers, diffolving it therein, ard fo keep it for ufe. Or thus. | Leaves, and Tops of Hypericon twelve good handfuls, Take Oil Olive eight Pounds, Leaves, Flowers, and \White Port Wine three Quarts, mix, digeft two days Seeds of Hypericon bruifed, of each four Ounces, in-\in a warm Balneo, then in Balneo draw off the W, - Solate, or digeft in an equivolent Sand beat fourteen \ter to drynefs. It may ferve as a Vehicle to convey days, boil a little in Balneo, and ftrain out, which | the Juice or Effence in, being good for all the fame Work repeat the fecond and third times with frefh\ purpofes; if it is dulcified with White Sugar and Herbs, Hlowers, &c. till the Oil becomes of a Blood| drank, it is thought to be as effectual as the Infufi- red color. Gerard makes it thus. Take Oil Olive fix | on or Deco€tion, befides it is faid to kill Worms in Pounds, fine Turpentine, White Wine, of each three \ the Stomach and Belly. Pounds, Leaves, Flowers, and Seeds of Hypericon| XVII. The Acid Tinéfure. It is good againft ‘bruifed, of each twenty four Ounces, infolate, or di- | Poyfon inwardly or outwardly received, being giver geft im a Sand heat ten days, boil in Balneo, and} from twenty to fixty drops at a time in any proper firain out, and with frefh Herbs, Flowers, &c. re-| Vehicle, as the Diftilled Water, &c. it is Aperitive, peat this Work the fecond and third times, which at | Abfterfive, and Stomachical, comforts and fortifies fa Prise bes ficis out, and keep it for ufe. This} the Ventricle, and reftores its Tone being hurt of il being ufed hot cures Pun&tures of the Nerves,| depraved; it caufes a good Appetite and itrong Di- and Contufions of the fame, as alfo Burnings, Scald- gattion, and ‘allays the fermentation of the Humors
OF
a
t he
ot Juices in the Body, it prevails alfo againft the Plague or Peftilence, and all forts of malign and peftilential Difeafes.
XIX. The Spirituons ide ib Tt warms: and comforts the Stomach, is
» Epi- lepfie, Palfie, Convulfions, or other like Di Le fes of the Head, Brain, and Nerves. Dofe from one to two Dramis in any fit Vehicle. .
X. The Oily Tinfure. Vt opens obftru€tions of
) and ftrengthens the Tone of any or all the Vifcera, tho’ very much hurt and depraved; ou it eafes Aches and Pains in the Limbs, peren from a cold Caufe, and gives prefent help to Contufions and Pon€tures of the Netves and Tendons, tho’ the extremity is fo gteat as to caufe Convulfions, performing the Cure in a fhort time after. Dofe of this Oily Tinéture is from eight to twenty drops, according to Age and Strength, firft dropped into Sugar, ant then mixed with the Vehicle you intend to give it in.
CHA P. CCCCVI.
of JOHNSWORT Small, iy Regering Lefer HYPERICON.
LT HE Names. It is called in Greek “Smemty dined» in Latine Hypericum minus, and in Englifh The Smaller Fobnswort, or Leffler Hypericon. |. The Kinds. We {hall take notice but of five Species of this Plant, being all that are yet known to grow in our Countries, viz. 1. Hypericum minus erettum Baubini, Hypericum pulcbrum Tragi, (as it is thought) Hypericum minus Thalij, Hypericum Sy- riacum Lobelij, Small Upright Hypericon, or Johns- wort. 2. Hypericum minus Supinum, vel Supinum glabrum Baubini, Hypericum Exiguum Tragi, Hype- ricum minus Dodonei €9 Gefneri, Hypericum mmi- mum Supinum Septentrionale Lobelij, pinum tertium minimum Clufij, Small pericon, or Johnswort. 3. Hypericum . Folio, Hypericum tertium Tragt, Hypericum minus fecundi Baubini, Round Leav'd Hypericon, or Johns-
wort. 4. Hypericum minus in eg es Baubini, Hypericum alterum Tomentofum Lobelij, Hypericum minus Supinum Monfpeliacum, Androfe-
The Small Creeping Wool-
pian Su- reeping Hy-
umularia
mum album Dalechampij, ly Hypericon, or Johnswort. 5. Hypericum Ameri- canum, Hypericum Frutefcens Americanum Flore al-
bo, American Hypericon, or Johnswort, White Flow- ered American Johnswort.
IJ. Ax Obfervation. Altho’ what I have to fay here ought to have been put in the former Chapter, yet it is better to have a place out of its order than no where; it is the Opinion of fome Authors con- cerning the Generick Kinds of Hypericon that they are fourfold, viz. 1. Hypericon vulgare, Hypericon,
or Johuswort, properly fo called, of which we dif: courfe in the former and this prefent Chapter. 2. YAcxves, and Axvesidus, Afcyrum, and Afcyroides, pericon magnum, Peterswort. 3. "Avdefousmov, An- ofemum,
Hypericum maximum, Tutfan, or Park- ves, of both which we fhall fj in their proper places of the Alphabet or Book. 4. Kéex, Korss and Cori, Heath Groundpine, of which we have already fpoken « 332. aforegoing. It is true that the fecond, or Peterswort, ma
y vety well be admitted to be a great or large Kind of Hy-.
pericon, becaufe not only the Flowers, but the whole form of the Plant befpeak it, but how far Tut/an or Parkleaves will admit of so a Kind we fhall leave to the Readers Judgment, | confefS one of the Species thereof, viz. Androfemum Matthiol, very much refembles Hypericon in its manner of growing, Leaves, and Flowers, but that it is very much lar- ger, and fo may be accounted the greateft Kind of Fobnswort ; but the chief thing which enforces the Argument of Tut/an to be a Species of Hypericon is the form of the , and their yielding a bloody Juice: As to Cor#s, or Heath Groundpine, 1 cannot fee how it has any relation to Fobmswort, farther
than what the form and color of its Flowers may induce.
Fobnswort Lefer.
IV. The Defcriptions. The fir; right Hypericon, or Johnswort. Ir has a _fmall and long Root, and fibrous withal, enduring al the Win- ter in the Ground; this Plant is very tare to meet with, but it is very like that in the former Chapter, faving that it is fmaller, yet the Leaves do not fil: ly anfwer the form of the other, but are a li broader, and not fo fharp pointed, the Stalks are reddifh, and the Flowers Feffer, not fully fo yellow, nor do they give full out fo bloody a Color when they are bruifed between the Fingers, and san ftand in Circles at the joints we
as atthe tops; the Seed the former.
, or Small Up-
k (God willing)
of the Stalks as is alfo refinous, a5
is
ol
_ vw Tw BH NS ER AYES
406. Engl Werks 575
high,’ yet ftand not filly upright, but leaning down-
wards; the Leaves are fmall, narrow, and * Rae oe are ‘Bion. ; ies The third, or Round Leav'd Hypericon, or Johnswort. The Root is Jmall and ie fibrous “u the others aforegoing, this Plant is as final as the aft, and its {mall, reddifh, {quare Stalks or Branches rife no higher than it, having two Leaves fet one againft another at every Joint up to the to and are almoft round, like unto Moneywort, or Herb Twopence, of a dark or fad green on the uppet fide, and whiti{h underneath, {potted fometimes with red- dith fpots, and ftrakes, the Flowers are of a paler yellow color than the former, but fomewhat large in comparifon to the {mallnef$ of the Plant, with.
VI. The ont or Small Creeping Woolly Hy- pericon, or Johnswort. It bas a fmall, flender, long, woody, and fibrous Root, from which {pring up feve- ral hairy, whitith, fmall, woolly Branches, lying upon the Ground and fhooting forth Fibres, fet with woolly Leaves, but not shen together, much like to thofe of the Common [ypericen in the former Chapter, but hoary and white, anda little rounder ; at the joints towards the tops ftand the Flowers, which are {maller than thofe of the Common Hyperi- con, and of a paler yellow; the Seed Veffels are like unto the other Kinds, as is alfo the Seed it felf. VILL. The fifth, or White Flowered American Hypericon, or Johnswort. Ie bas a long, flender, woody, fibroas Root, which abides all the Winter, from this Root arife Yearly feveral woody Stalks,
fometimes two or three at 4 place, from which eas alfo arife divers white Flowers, confifting © four Leaves apiece, the Leaves fall away every Year, and appear again in the Spring.
1X. The Places. The three firft Kinds grow in Woods and Copfes as well in thofe which are fha- dy as thofe which are open to the Sun; the fourth
_ grows in Moorifh and Wet Fields, as alfo on dry
barren Ground ; the laft grows with us, but is nou- rifhed up in Gardens, being brought hithet from the North Weft parts of America.
X. The Times. They all Flower about the mid-
dle or latter end of Fune, and in Fuly, and the Seed | 9
is ripe in the end of uly, or inthe begining of A#-
“jt. ‘ Ke, The Qualities, Specification , Preparations , and Virtues of the firft four are the fame with thofe of the Common Hyperion sn the former Chapter, but fcarcely or not altogether fo powerful and effettua to all thofe Intentions: The Qualities and Virtues of the American are not ye well known, or but on-
ly gueft at.
“°o HAP. CCCCVE. aie of TRON WORT, AO RES [pose
te et sy
SOLDIERS HERB.
ridis Lib. 4. Cap. 102. in Latine Sideritis, five Fer- rum inatrix, fic ditto 4 Ferro, quod Vulneribs ’Fer- ro fatlis fuit Medela, for that it did cure Wounds made by the Sword, or with Iron; it was alfo called Stratiotes, as Diofcorides and Pliny fay, and Milita- ris, becaufe Mulites, Soldiers, had ufually great need of the fame; in Englifh Ironwort, and Soldiers
IL The Kinds. Authors make many Species of this Plant, viz..1. Sideritis vulgaris Clufi], Sideri- fome_ Amberg as Anguillare, Columna, Tragus, and Parkinfon, will have to be Burnet, tho’ ie plainly
their Heads of Flowers that they are differing Plants, Vulgar or Common Tronwort. 2. Sideritis Arven-
fis rubra, Tetrabit Angu, ifolium, Sideritis Arvénjis
Flore rubro Camerart Thalij, Sideritis alia in Vi-
um Galeni lore purpureo, Side- ritis Arvenfis Latifolia glabra Baubini, Meadow Ironwort with red Flowers. | 3. Sideritis prima vel Herculea, Herba Fudaica, Tetrabil, Tetrabit, Side-
uarta Clufi,, Sideritis procumbens non Ramofa, Small reeping Tronwort not Branched, or Small Jews Tronwott. 5- Sideritis altera parvd, vel Siderits quinta Clufij, Another Small Jews Ironwott. 6. Si-
deritis Montana parvo Flore nigro purpured Colum itt “color; Mountain
[ronwort with a fmall black purple Flower, of
P ;
Alfines Triffaginis Baubini, Ironwort with German+ der Chickweed Leaves. 8. Sideritis Germanica par va, Sideritis fexta Clufij, Small Germany, lronwort; this fays Clufius is common at Vienna in Aufiria. . Sideritis Hedercula Folio, Sideritis Anglica, Eng- {ith Ironwort, or Ironwost with Alehoof Leaves. To. Sideritis Folto fplendente oblongo glabra, Ironwort with fmooth long Leaves. 7. Sid
Latifolia glabra Baubini, Sideritis Hereclea altera Cafalpini, Sideritis Arvenjis Flore palido Camerari,
1| Sideritis Arvenfis Species altera Thalij, Alpfum
j Jiorum, Broad Leav’d Meadow Sron- Cera ee paubinus would have to be He fe
ttbioli, which it js not, an bel would cant ie a ies of Cannabis Spurta others
a Speci
aed ium Pannonicum Clafij, a which © be doubted. ay i former Eleven may be added the two ™ owing, viz. 12. oz deritis Aeghes Radice Bes Panax Coloni Ge- yardi,, Sideritis primi Thali), Betonica fatida Gefne- ri, Clowns Wounewer» or Englifh lronwort with
> ous Roots, of which we have Treated at large
B g [e) J go ee w oH a nr Pen -° ™ a 5 3 > Ra] | A :
?
i added to the greater OF Ieffer, and this we have here
=<
576 Salmons Herbal. ‘Lab. |
ee ee
number, becaufe feveral Authors will have it to be] or harfh binding tafte, without fmell, and perifhes
a Species of the Sideritides, or Ironworts, of which | every Year. we have Treated alf> at latte i Chie %
Ip. 161. afore-| going of this Work. Hap. 161. afore-
| Papen aie Red Flomered, Sys
* GRA Re ee
at iG the av 4 , WY ~~ SS Sig? \\
Wn Wy =y A — >> SVG “ EB NWA EN PAY Me a i.
14 \
i}
\ |
| ron pe
__ UL The Defcriptions. The firft, or Vulgar or Common Ironwort, It has a Root which is white and woody, continuing all Winter, and Shooting forth new Stalks every Year; it grows greater and higher than the other Ironworts, as Clujis fays, with lar- ger-hairy rough pointed Leaves fet by couples one againft another at the joints of the {quare hairy Stalks, dented about the edges, but fet at fomewhat farther diftances, which branching themfelves forth are fet from the middle upwards with many Wharls of gaping white Flowers at the joints with the Leaves, {potted with Blood red fpots in the \ parts of them, ending ina long Spike, the Seed which follows is fmall, uneven and black, contain- éd in fine {quare Heads.
VI. The third, or Creeping Branched Ironwort, called alfo Jews \ronwort. It has a Root which is Small and woody, yet living all Winter, and fhooting forth afréefh ever Spring, it isa fimall low Herb, neither wholly ftanding upright, nor wholly leaning down to the Ground, but has feveral weak, rough, hoary, {quare Stalks, not much above a Foot high, full of joints, at the feveral diftances whereof grow two finall Leaves, fomewhat long, rough, or as it were crumpled, hard and hairy, not half fo broad as Horehound Leaves, dented about the edges, fimel- ling and tafting fomewhat ftrong, which fpread a- broad into divers Branches, the upper parts whereof are replenifhed with many rough {mall Wharls of pale purplifh gaping Flowers, with hoary Leaves at the joints under them alfo, where after they are paft come {mall blackifh Seed, contained in thofe Husks wherein the Flowers ftood before.
VII. The fourth, or Small Creeping Ironwort not Branched, or Small Jews Ironwort. The Root of this Plant is fmall, and perifhes every Year; the Herb is alfo {mall, and fomewhat like the former in the hairy Jquare Branches, but more trailing or leaning, the Leaves alfo are hairy, fomewhat larger, and lefs fhipt about the edges, that is, they are dented only from the middle to their ends; the Flowers grow in the bofoms of thofe Leaves, and encompafs the Stalks or Branches of the Plant in Rundles at certain
1V. Nota. This our firft Sideritis I take to be truly the Sideritis fecunda Mattbioli, which very much appears from his defcription of it, tho” it is very fhort, in his Epitome, and is in thefe Words, Exit in bec Caule quadrato, dodrantali, aut majori, Ramofoque, Folijs Marrubio longioribus, ad Salvie faciem accedentibus, crifpis, albicantibus, & per am- bitum laciniatis,fapore baud ingrato, Floribws verticil- Jatim in Caule, & Ramis prodeuntibus Marrubij modo.
__V. The fecond, or Meadow Ironwort with red Flowers. Ihe Root of this Herb is very fibrous, or full of Threads, from whence rifes up a fquare brown Stalk, full of Branches, and thereon feveral narrow, long, and pointed, rough Leaves, fomewhat dented about the edges, {ct by pairs or couples, at the tops of which ftand the Flowers, encompafling them, as the others do, of a dark red color, and fometimes ofa white color; the whole Plant is of an auftere
their very tops, being of a whitifh color, and fhaped like the other Kinds.
VIL. The fifth, or Other Small Jews Ironwort.
every Year, it is afmall Ionwort, and dle Stalk upright, fquare, and {preadi
Pea»
diftances, as the others do, from their bottoms t0
The Root is much like the befonegoing, and perifhes
fi chi airy > ing it felf into many fimaller Branches, ev
rs
Chap. 407.. Exghjh Herbs. 577
ttanding in rough Husks about the Stalks, even from the bottom almoft, after which come fimall, black- ifh, uneven Seed, in Heads like thofe of Plantane, but fhorter.
XIV. The eleventh, or Broad Leaved Meadow Tronwort. The Root of this is like the fecond Kind aforegoing, and it bas larger fmooth green Leaves
elow than thofe above, a little dented about the edges the Stalks are fquare, about a Foor and half in height,
from the bottom upwards, which in a manner lye upon the Ground, with two fuch like Leaves at the Joints as in the laft, but little or nothing dented at all; the Flowers are white, without f{pots, but ga- ping in like manner.
K. The fixtb, or Mountain [ronwort with a {mall black purple Flower. It has a Root which Jfmall, hard, and yellowifh, from which rifes up a reddifh, hoary, hard, hairy, /quare Stalk, about balf a Yard high, divided into two Branches, about the|and Branched out; the Flowers grow in Roundles middle thereof, on which are fet at the joints two} at the ie of the Branches, being hooded, and of {mall and long pale green Leaves one againft ano-|a pale yellow color, and in fome purplith, tending ther, covered with an hoary Down, and having | to white, without any fmell at all.
three dents or notches on each fide at the ends of _ them, which at the lower end of the Stalk next the} XV. The P/aces. Some of thefe grow wild in Exgland, in Meadows, and on Mountains, in many
Ground itand upon long foorftalks, but up higher
towards the top are without any, the Flowers fend places, being moft of them natural to our Country ; in fharp pointed Husks, and are gaping, or hooded, | the fecond of thefe Gerard fays grows frequently in as the reft are, but very fimall, whofe head and jaws] the Corn Fields in Kenr, and by Purfleet in Effex, are of a dark purplifh color, the middle of the Flow-| the feventh Gerard alfo found in Flower and Seed ér is yellow, and the long neck of the Flower which | among Corn in a Field ining to a Wood fide not rifes out of the Husk is whitith, after the Flowers| far from Greembive in Kent; the ninth Perkinfon ate paft there come four blackifh Afh Colored Seed, | fays he found growing wild in the Fields, fror fomewhat cornered, which are contained in the hairy | whence he tranfplanted it into his Garden, where it continued to encreafe and flourifh.
or hoary Husks. XVI. The Times. They all Flower in Fume and
X. The feventh, or Tronwort with Germander Chickweed Leaves. It has a Root which is fmall Fay and their Seed is ripe foon after. VIL. The Qualities. Ironwort is temperate in
and thready, which fends forth a Stalk a Foot long, Spread out into Branches from the bottom, and thofe again fending forth other fmaller ones, all of them inclining to the Ground, like the Germander Chick- weed, but much greater, on which ftand a few hairy Leaves by pairs-or couples, in form like unto that
refpect to heat or cold, and dry in the firlt degree, or begining of the fecond; it pif id Aftringent, Incarnative, and Vulnerary.
XVII. The Specification, It is very powerful to ftop all fluxes of Blood, Catarths, the Reds and
Chickweed, but larger, and dented about the edges,} Whites in Women, and {peedily to heal all fimple °
the Flowers grow at the joints with the Leaves to-| green Wounds, and that, (as Authors rae without wards the tops, and like unto the others in fafhion, | fuppuration; it dries up alfo fluxes of Humors in but fomewhat longer, and of a blewith color, ftand- | old fretting Ulcers, cleanfes the Ulcet, incarnates,
ing in and rough Husks, in which is contain- | and guickly heals it. areas XK. The Preparations. You may prepare thete-
ed finall round Seed. reparatior XI. The eighth, or Small Germany Ironwort. The| ftom, 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Syrup. 4. A Decottton. 5. A Pouder of the Herb.
Root is white and woody, and perifbes every Year , it is a fmall Plant, and has low f uare Stalks, of about \6. A Balfam or Ointment. 7. A Cataplafm. a Foot high, Branched out almoft from the very Ground, being foft and hoary, as the Leaves alfo The Virtues. ure, which ftand at the joints by couples, being long, ; and fomewhat narrow, without any dents at all a-} XX. The fae Juice. Given inwardly two, bout the edges, yet larger at or near the bottom of] three, four, or five Spoonfuls at a time, either alone the Stalks and Branches than towards their tops ;} by it felf, or mixed with rough Red Wine, it is pre the Branches have Flowers growing about them up-| valent againft all internal fluxes of Blood, as Spit- wards as foon almoft as they fhoot out, in fhape as} ting or Vomiting Blood, Piffing Blood, the Bloody the other forts are, but OF, are fo fimall that they | or Hepatick Flux, and the overHowing of the Terms {carcély appear out of the Husks, of a dusky color, | in Women. the jaws and lower parts on the infide being whitifh,|_ XXI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the after which follows blackifh Seed, fmaller than in} Liquid Juice, befides which it is powerful againft the others. . Catarrhs, or fluxes of Rheum falling down the XII. The ninth, or Englith Ironwort, or Ironwort| Throat upon the Lungs; it prevails againft four with Alehoof Leaves, It bas a Root which is fma//| and Cholerick Belchings of the Stomach, is {aid to and thready, perifhing every Year, but abandantly| cure Ruptures or BurftennefS, and the Whites in raifing it felf from its own fowing, in any Garden| Women, asalfo a fimple Gonorrhea in Men, being where it bas once taken poffefion, it is a {mall Herb,} taken inwardly, and outwardly injected into thofe not much above an Hand breadth, or four or five} parts with a Syringe, for being very drying and bind- Inches high, having finall, broad, and roundifh green} ing, and ftrengthening withal, it not only reftores Leaves, with round dents about the edges, like to} thofe parts, but preferves their Tone intire; it is ad- Alehoof, or rather like to Red Archangel Leaves;| mirably good alfo to wafh all green Wounds and the Flowers are hooded, fmall, and purplifh, and|old running Sores or Ulcers, healing the firft, (if the Seed fmall and blackith. fimple) without fuppuration, and cleanfing, ftop- XII. The tenth, or Ironwort with fmooth long] ping the deHuxion o Humors, and pike the other, Leaves. Its Root is whitifh, fibrous, woody, and pe-| in order to its fpeedy healing, and if there be any rifbing Hi | Year, from whence rife up Jquare and|Inflamation, or begining of a Gangreen about the jointed Stalks, fimooth below, but with fome fmali| parts, it prevents it, and foon fecures it againft any
kind ny bog Modes ropes the Leaves are fmooth| dangerous Accident. Dofe two, three, or four in, fet by couples, the lowermoft three Inches | Spoonfuls in any convenient Vehicle Morning and Jong, and one broad, not dented at all abour the
ight. edges; the Flowers are hooded, like the Common XXIL The Syrup. It helps Coughs, cae ce ons
Sort, but white, larger than they, and longer alfo,!tasths, and Afthma’s, peeve — obftru | : e¢
i
d 4 4 ‘
- Se
570 Salmon’s’
of the Lungs, thickens the pituitous matter, and caufes pais ae st, “Mixed with Gargarifms it heals Sores and Ulcers of the Mouth and Throat.
XXIU. The Decottion in Wine, or Wine and Wa- ter. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice and Effence, but ought to be given in a greater quantity, and that Morning, Noon, and Night: Gerard fays it is no lef$ available in the ftopping a flux of Blood, or flux of Humors, than the Herb or Juice.
IV. The Pouder of the Herb. Given inward- ly to a Dram, or more, it {tops inward fluxes of Blood, whether by the Mouth, Azus, or goers: it cures fluxes of the Bowels, and is good againft Catarrhs; outwardly applied to any green or frefh fimple Wound it prefently conglutinates the lips thereof, and heals it, and applied to any inveterate running Sore, or old Ulcer, it (in fome little time)
ftops the fluxion, cleanfés it from its fordes, incar-
nates where Flefh is wanting, dries, and in a little time heals it.
XXV. The Balfam or Ointment. If to every Pound of the Ointment or Balfam three or four Ounces of the Pouder of Tobacco be added, they will become moft admirable Medicaments or Topicks for the cu- ting of old running Sores, inveterate and putrid Ul- cers, and malign Fiftula’s, being firft wafh’d by in- jeftion or otherwife with the Juice, Effence, or De- coftion, and then (twice a day) dreffed up with one of thefe Preparations; they are alfo profitable againft the Gout, or other Aches and Pains in any part of
the ct et
XXVI. The Cataplafm. It may be made of the Herb alone, or of the Juice mixed with the Pouder uf the Herb, or with Barley Flower, &c. applied to fluxes of Blood in Wounds it ftops the bleeding, it ftrengthens parts weakened by any Difeafe, as the Joints by the Gout, the Nerves by Palfies, €7o. and hinders the affux of any Humor to the weakened parts; applied alfo to a fimple recent Contufion ir difcuffes the Tumor, and reftores the part hurt.
CHAP. CCCCVHI. Of 1V Y Tree or Wall.
L*$° HE Names. It is called in Arabick Cuffus,
in Greek Kioots, 4 Kidis, in Latine Cifus, and Cittus, and Hedera, the firft of thefe Names fome have thought to be derived from Kvseneis, Pu- mex, five Lapis porefus, quia ut ille Aqhkam, ita hoc Lignum textura porofa, & fpiraculis innumeris per- via Vinum tranfmittit, unde Catoni & Varroni Ci/- fimbion Poculum Hederaceum eff. And protably it might be that from this Coffexs might fay, That a Cup made of Toy Wood will not bold any Wine therein. The latter Name, Hederam vero Pompeius diffum cenfat, quod hereat, vel potius edita petat, vel quia id cui adbeferit edit & enecat, and in Englifh it is called Ivy.
Il. The Kinds. There are five feveral forts of Ivy, viz. 1. Hedera Arborea, five Scandens, Hedera, Corymbofa nigra, Orthociffos, Hedera retla, Hedera vigens Pliniyj, Common lvy, Tree Ivy, or Wall Ivy, and this is that which all Authors call Aedera fim- ply, which is Our Vulgar Tree Ivy, called alfo He- dera nigra, Black Ivy, becaufe it bears black Berries. 2. Heder Corymbofa alba, Hedera Corymbia, White Berry bearing Ivy. 3. Hedera Helix, Hedera Steri- lis, Hedera Helix provoluta, which is thought to be the Helix Diofcoridis, Theopbrafti © Plinij, which
Herbal. = Lab. L.
they make to be the third Species of their Climbing Kinds, yet it is feldom feen to climb up in the man- ner of the former, but lyes for the molt part on the Ground; but Fohannes Thalius in his Harcynia Sylva fays he found it climbing as well upon Trees as creep- ing upon old Walls and Stones; this fome ‘day is barren, as not bringing forth any Fruit, yet others fay this is rather for want of Age, for that in time it would bear, and change into the other fort, ds Theopbraftus and Pliny fay , this is that we call Bar. ren Ivy. 4. Hedera Virginiana, Hedera Trifolia Virginienfis, Three Leav’d Virginian Ivy: 5. Hede- ra Quinquefolia Virginiana, vel Virginienfis, Five Leav’d Virginian Ivy. ‘cf
Ill. Hederula Tragi, Baubinus makes to be a dif- fering fort from Hedera Helix, vel Sterilis, Our third fort, or Barren Ivy above mentioned, and calls jr Hedera Humi repens, which yet Tragus himfelf di- ftinguifhes not, but fays, that that Ip, which whilft it is young brings forth no Fruit, when it is grown.
older does, and that there is no difference in his two Kinds of Hedera and Hederula but in the Age; this Barren Kind, fays Parkinfon, which creeps upon the Ground, will yet with its clafping Branches take hold-of whatever is next unto it. EU, Se
Ivy Tree or Wall.
IV. The Defttiptions. The fix/t, or Our Come mon ivy, Tree Ivy, or Wall Ivy. The Root her is woody and fibrous, running under the upper Cruft of the Earth, from this Root it grows up witha thick woody Trunk or Body, which is fometimes, (tho’ rarely) found as big asones. Arm, fhooting forth on all fides many woody Branches, and grow: fometimes alone by it {elf into a pretty Butl bel fays he faw in our , but it ufvally climbs up upon Trees or Walls, and as the Branches tite it fends forth feveral fmall Roots into the Body ¢ Branches of the Tree upon which it clam by it climbs. up almoft into all. parts o if it Mey te as Wall it climbs 1 felf in the Chinks or Joints of the faid |
Chap. 408. Englifh Herbs.
ther Brick or Stone, on which Trees it runs up fo ftrongly, faltning its Claws or Roots therein, that it draws the nourifhment out of the Tree, and thereby in time kills it, by confuming the life and moifture thereof, and by choaking it with the abundance of fhadow and humidity of its Leaves and Branches, which are ever green, (and ferves as an Ornament thereto when it is LeaflefS, but in the end is its de- ftruction and utter ruin) thefe Branches having thus faftned themfelves by their Claws or Roots in a Tree or Wall will live thereby upwards, tho’ the Trunk or Body of the Shrub is cut off from the Root be- low, and it will live as well as if it was not cut
away from its faid Root at all, only by the faftning of its little Claws or Radicude into the faid Tree or Wall, and there growing great they will oftentimes fo crack it, that it will in time utterly ruin it, as is
faid before; while the Plant is young the Leaves of moft of it will be cornered, but when it grows older it has no corners on the fides, but grows only round, or fomewhat long, and pointed at the end, the young
Leaves which {pring forth ftom the Branches keep-
ing oftentimes the fame order, and are of a dark fhining green color above, and fomewhat of a yel- lowifh green underneath, ftriped with white, and fometimes with red {pots, abiding frefh and green Winter and Summer; from the joints of the Stalks
and tops of the Branches sow forth upon fhort Stalks {mall moflie yellow Flowers, ftanding in an Umbel, or clofe round Tuft, after the Flowers are paft fmall round Berries come in their places, which are green until they grow ripe, and then turn black, with a fmall point at the end of each Berry, in each of which are ufually contained four Seeds, three- fquare in a manner, but round on the one fide; this Shrub or Bufh yields either voluntarily or by being
~ bruifed in hot Countries a kind of reddifh hard Gum,
called Kiet xis, Hedere Gummi, The Gum of Ivy, which is faid by Authors to be dangerous being in- wardly ufed in Phyfick, becaufe fay they it has a cauftick or burning faculty.
Leaves, Flowers, Berries, and manner of growing,
diftinguifhed in thefé things, vie. that the Leaves are thinner and finer, and of a lighter green color, and that the Berries are of a whitifh or greyith.co- lor when they are ripe, and not black, as the Ber- tics of the Common Sort are.
VI. The third, or Barren Ivy. From a woody Stringy Root, as the former, it fads forth feveral Slender and woody Branches, trailing upon the Ground, and for the moft part lying thereon, but fometimes it is found to wind it felf and climb up the Trees, Bufhes and Hedges under which it grows; with the’ {mall Tendrels or Claws it fhoots forth at the feve- ral joints of the Branches, where the Leaves come forth, being fomewhat tefler than the firft Common Kind, and of a dark fhining green color, ufually formed into three cornérs, and fometimes into fives at the Joints with the Leaves there. thrufts forth un- derneath {mall white Fibres, Claws, or Radicule, by which it takes hold as it creeps; this very rarely has been feen to bear either Seed or Flowers.
VIL. The fourth, or Three Leav’d Virginian Ivy. The Roots of this Plant do shoot under Ground, and end forth young woody Stalks, fome whereof will {tand upright, others lye down, and take root again as they {pread, as alfo on any Wall they ftand nigh unto, like unto our former Barren Ivy; the Leaves are broad and large, three always fet together upon a long foorftalk; at the Joints with the Leaves come forth pale Flowers ina loofé Tuft or Clufter, which turn into pale yellow Berries, with {ma hard, round, Afh Colored Seed in the dry wrinkl Skins or Husks, without any moifture at all in them; this Plant yields a white Milk, without any tafte in it, being broken in any part thereof, which Milk after it has lain a while will change to be as black as Ink, and therefore is thought to be a good Mate- rial to color Hair or any other thing Black.
VIII. The fifth, or Five Leav’d Virginian Ivy. This Slender, but Tall Climbing Virginian Ivy, bas a Root which fpreads here and there under the Ground, but not very deep, from whence rife up fe- veral Stems or Stalks, none much bigger than a Mans Thumb, many lefS, from whence fhoot forth feveral and many long weak Branches, not able to ftand upright unlefs they be fuftained, yet being
lanted near unto a Wall or Pale, or Houfe fide, the
ranches at feveral diftances of the Leaves will fhoot forth fmall fhort Tendrels or Claws, nof twi- ning themfelves about any thing, but ending in four, five, or fix, or more, rb and fomewhat broad Claws, which will faften like a Hand with Fingers fo clofe thereunto, that it will bring part of the Wall, Mortar, Board, GlafS, Brick, or Stone, away with it if it is pulled from it; and by thefe Claws it ftays it felf, and climbs up to the top of the high- eft Tree, Wall, Houfe, or Chimney, being planted by them: the Leaves are crumpled, or rather folded together, at their firft coming forth, and very red, which afterwards growing forth are very fair, large, and green, divided into four, five, fix, or feven Leaves, (not regular to a certain number) ftanding or growing together upon a fimall footltalk, and fet without order on the Branches, at the ends whereof, as alfo at other places fometimes, come forth feveral {hort Tufts of Buds for Flowers, which here in England never come to that perfection, as to open themfelves and fhew what kind of form they would be of, much lefs what Berries or Seed would fol- low; the ufe of this is chiefly to furnifh a Garden, and to be an Ornament to the place it is planted in. IX. Or thus, according to Gerard. There is kept
V. The fecond, or White Berry bearing Ivy. Thés| for Novelties fete in divers Gardens a Virginian in its Roots, Stalks, Branches, Claws, or Radicule,| Vine, but which is indeed an \vy; the Stalks hereof a ,
Eeee 2 grom
differs very little from the former, and is chiefly’
aie Se Pe eee
Tn. eee eee le
= CC SCC
‘ id ; 590 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1. . ri ; height if they be planted nigh . Fae alti ‘ay [aan em, op Yaw thar Oo avid faft hol
fo as to ftand in it for fome time, and then drank they take by certain fmall Tendrels, (or
off, and this continually done for fome days, it is
faid to help fuch as are troubled with the Spleen, Claws) upon what Body foever they grow near, whe- | and to give eafe in the pains thereof. Cato fays
ther Trees, Wood, Brick, Stone, or Glafs, and that \ that the Deceits of Vintners may be found out by 3 . fo firmly, that oftentimes when you pluck them off \ one of thefe Cups, if they mix any Water with their R from the fame they will bring pieces of the matter \ Wine, for the faid mix’d Wine being put into one they cling to off with their Claws, (or Radicule) it | of thefe Cups of Ivy Wood, the Wine will foak F puts forth its Leaves in April, which are large, and \ thro’ the Wood and leave the Water behind, for : confifting of four, five, or more particular Leaves, \ Cato and Varro both fay it is the nature of ley Wood _ each of them being long, and deeply cut, fo that they \ not to hold any Wine, fo great an Antipathy there Somewhat refemble the Leaves fie Cheftnut Tree; | is between them. the Stalks with the Rudiments of Flowers are tobe\ XVII. The Gum. That which is gathered in hot Seen in Au which Flowers grow cluftering toge- | Countries from the J and Branches of the Ivy, ther after the manner of \vy, but never with ws fhew eye by a voluntary iffuing therefrom, or by brui- } themfelves open, fo that we can fay little or nothing \ fing thereof) is exceeding {harp and hot, burning of their Color or Fruit which fucceeds them. and exulcerating the Skin, yet is ufed, being diffol-
ved, to take away fuperfluous Hair in any place, and
to deftroy Nits and Lice, alfo Crab-Lice, in what
parts foever; being diffolved in Vinegar and put in-
to a hollow aking Tooth eafes the pain, and being
often uféd will caufe it to fall out; fome ufe this Gum with other things as a Bait to kill Fith, fee more hereof in my Seplafium, or Druggifts Shop, Lib. 9. Cap. 29. where you me « find the farther Ufes thereof, and alfo the Signs how to know it, and to diftinguifh the true from the falfe, that fold in the Druggifts Shops being for the moft part counterfeit, having neither the form or appearance, nor the Vir- tues of the true Gum, the talfe being for the moft part full of fticks, drofs, and filth, brittle, and of an — tafte, whereas the true is ofa yellowifh red color, clean, of a ftrong fell, and of a fharp, biting, and exulcerating tafte. -
XVI. The Liquid Fuice of Roots, Leaves, and Berries. \f it is much taken inwardly it is apt to caufe Barrennef$ in Man or Woman, it alfo caufes a weaknefs and trouble in the Brain or Underftand- ing, and affe€ts the other Senfes, for which reafon Authors fay ufed much inwardly it is an Enemy to the Nerves, but much ftrengthens them being ‘out- wardly applied, the juice of the Rootis faid to be good againft the biting of the Phalangium, or poy- {onous Spider; the juice of the Leaves or Betries ta- ken inwardly Taos w the Terms in Women, facili- tate the Birth, and bring away the Afterbirth; the juice of Leaves or Berries ufed as an Errhine, by {huffing it up the Nofe, purges the Head and Brain of thin Rheum, which caufes Catarrhs or Defluxi- ons into the Glandules of the Throat, Jaws, Eyes,
inking,
X. The Places. The firft is known almoft to eve- Child to grow and climb up upon Trees, Hedges, ufhes, Brick or Stone Walls, Houfes, Churches, €%c. in moft parts of this Kingdom, the fecond has been brought to us out of Twrky, Italy, and France; the third grows almoft as common as the firft, in woody, fhady, and moift places, under Hedges, and in cornets of wafte Grounds, Lanes, and the like; the fourth and fifth are Natives of Florida, and North Weft parts of America, where our Englifh Colonies are planted, as in New England, Mary- land, Penfilvania, New York, Virginia, and Caroli- na, but being tranfplanted grow very well with us in England. XI. The Times. Our Ivy Flowers not till Fu/y, and the Berries are not ripe till about the latter end : of December, after they have felt the Winter Frofts, and = American forts Flower very late with us, if at all.
XIl. The Qualities. Toy is hot and dry in the end of the fecond degree, Aftringent, Biting, Cofinetick, Vulnerary, and Ptarmick, as the juice of the Leaves, €7c. The Berries are alfo hot and dry in the fecond degree, Aftringent, Diuretick, and Alexipharmick.
“Sul. The Specification. it ftops Fluxes, and heals Bloody Fluxes, Jaundice, provokes the Terms, refifts Poyfon, and the Bitings of Venomous Crea- tures, cures the Plague, and heals running Sores and old Ulcers, in what part of the Body, and of what kind foever.
XIV. The Preparations. You may have there- from thefe following things, 1. The Leaves. 2. The Wood. 3. A Gum. 4. A Liquid Fuice of Roots, Leaves, and Berries. 5. An Effence of the fame. 6. A Decottion of Leaves and Berries. 7. A Ponder of the klowers. 8. A Pouder of the Ber- ries. 9. A Bath of the Leaves and Berries. 10. A Peffary of Leaves and Berries. 11. A Fume of the Branches. 12. An Acid Tintlure of the Berries. 13. A Spirituous Tinfture of the Berries. 14. An Oily Tintture of the Berries.
Nofe, or other parts adjacent, and cures f Ulcers in the fame, dropped alfo into the Ears it cures old and running Sores and Ulcers in them. Dofé one or two Spoonfuls inwardly in a Glafs of Wine, or other fit Vehicle. ; XIX. The Eipaes of Roots, Leaves, or Berries. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, but is more powerful as being depurated, and fois tobe 9 given in leffer quantity, as trom three ge of a
Spoonful to a Spoonful and half, increafing the Dofe The Virtues. as the Age and Strength of the Patient will bear, it is very good againft the Yellow Jaundice, provokes KV. The Leaves. The frefh Leaves are common- | Urine, and is faid to be good to break the Stone, ly ufed to be laid upon Iffues wherefoever, in Arms, | and expel Sand, Gravel, and fimall Stones from the Lon. €c. to keep them open, and to draw forth | Urinary parts; taken alfo Morning, Noon, and the Humors which fall upon the fame parts. Night in a GlafS of Wine it is a good XVI. The Wood. It is of ufe to make little round | againft the Plague, or any other infettious Di Balls of, about the bignefS of high Swan Shot, or | and is of fingular ufe to cure the fame afteri white or grey Peafe, which are ufed for Iffues in- | on. 7 ftead of Peafe, drawing forth the Humor eafier, and | XX. The Decoftion of Leaves or Berries. Whas keeping the Sore better open, and this they do by | all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but nothing reafon of their fponginef$ or porofity, being much | near fo powerful, and therefore may be given from mote porous than Peafe, and fo more apt to be filled | three to fix Spoonfuls fweetned with White! with the ferofities of the Iffue, if the Wood is made | a Decoftion in Vinegar mixed with Damask
into a Cup, and Ale, Beer, or Wine be put into it, | Water and Oil of Rofes, and applied 0
“a
Chap. 408. Englifh Herbs. z 58h
becaufe finer, purer, confifting of more fubtil _— and given ina much fmaller and. by reafon. of its ch pier with Spirit of Wine is alfo more Cordial Stomatick. Dofe fifty or fixty drops. Morning and Night in a Glaf§. of Wine, but it is not long to be continued left it induces. Barrennefs; outwardly bathed upon Nervous and Tendonocus: parts it comforts and thens them, and alleviates.
head and Temples gives eafe in the Headach, tho’ it be of long continuance, and applied warm to the Sides of fuch as are troubled with the Spleen, Aches, or Stitches in the Side, refolves the Coagu/um if any be, and gives prefént.eafé; the Decottion of Leaves or Berries in Wine is of excellent ufé to cure old running Sores and filthy Ulcers, which are difficult to be healed, it admirably cleanfes, dries; and heals them; and it is alfo ual for the y cure of
ee fimple Wounds, by. uniting the and con-}| XXVIII. The “a Tintture. Snwardly given it olidating their lips; the fame is good to heal | prevails againft the Palfie and rege gives eafe in the Strangury, provokes Ulrine, breaks and expels
Scaldings with Water and Burnings with Fire, and
the Exulcerations which happen th chy, oecafioned
y oo faltnefS, heat, or fharpnefS of ors flow- thereto. ;
SXI The Pouder of the Flowers. A Dram of the Flowers (being dried carefully and reduced to pou- der) being drank twice a day in Red Wine cures a Diarrhea, or LoofenefS, yea a Bloody Flux, as Di- ofcorides faith.
XXIL. The Pouder 3 the Berries. Mt is good againft the Jaundice, kills Worms in Old or Young, and prevails againft the biting of the Phalangium, it is a fingular hayes both po petyess the Plague or Peftilence before infettion, to cure the fame af- ter it has feized the Patient, by drinking the Pouder C H A P. CCCCIX. fiom half a Dram to a Dram, (according to Age and Strength) in any fit Prophylaétick Vehicle, or proms Antidotal Liquor, Morning, Noon, and Night, or two, three, or four days together; and being ta- ken in White Port Wine for fome certain time jit opens the obftru€tions of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, gives eafe in the Strangury, provokes Urine, and breaks the Stone, expelling "Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Mucilage from the Urinary parts and paf- fages: Tragws fays that it provokes the Terms in
omen, and is fo powerful in its operation on thofe parts, in driving forth the dead Child and Afterbirth, that it ought to be cautioufly ufed, and not but up- on neceffity.
XXIII. The Bath of the Leaves and Berries. It is a {trong Deco€tion of them made in Water, if a Woman which has a dead Child fit therein as hot as fhe can conveniently. bear it, it forces away the Child and Afterbirth, and being once or twice re- peated caufes a due cleanfing; if a Woman whofe Courfes are ftopp’d fit therein, and repeat it for fome few times, it effeftually brings them down, but a Woman with Child ought cautioufly to for- bear the ufe thereof, becaufe it will endanger Abor-
the Stone and Gravel in Reins or Bladder, and alle-. viates the pains of the Colick; outwardly applied in the Gout, (a little Camphir being diffolved therein) it ~— eafe in pains and ftitches of the Side and Spleen, difcuffes cold Tumors, and gives relief in a Gout proceeding from a cold caufe. Dofe inward- ly from ten to twenty, or twenty five drops, dropp’d
into Sugar, and then the Sugar mixed with the Vebiculum you defign to give it in.
Of IV ¥Y Water, OR Ivy Lavd CROWFOOT.
a E Names. I know not of any Greek Name it has, but it is called in Latine Hederula Aquatica by Gerard and Lobel, alfo Ranunculus He- deraceus Dalechampij & Lugdunenfis, Lenticula Aquatica trifulca Baubini, Ranunculus Hederaceus Aquaticus, in Englifh Water Ivy, or Ivy Leav'd Crowfoot.
Il. The Kinds. It is certain it is no Species of Ivy, properly fo called, but a fingular Plant of its Kind, obtaining the Name Hederula meerly from the form of its Leaf, and feems from the nature and qualities of the Herb to be more allied to the Stock of the Crowfeet than any other Plant.
. Guater =Jvie Wis 2e
tion. °
XXIV. A Peffary of Leaves and Berries. It has all the Virtues and Operations of the Bath in the SD, former SeCtion, but not altogether fo powerful, yet it yery much prevails to bring down the Terms when ftopp'd, and being often repeated forces away the dead Child, &c. as is before expreffed.
XXV. The Fume made of the Branches being burnt. Ic expels peftilential and infeftious Vapors, corrects a-putrid Air, which caufes malignity and putrifacti- on, and drives away Bats, Gnats, and other trouble- fom Infeéts of that kind.
XXVI. The Acid Tindure a the Berries. It o- pens all obftru&tions of the Urinary parts, breaks and expels tlie Stone, refifts Vomiting, ftrengthens the Stomach, and is a good Prophylattive and Cu- rative of the Plague or Peftilence;, it deftroys the malignity and putrifa€tive heat of all Fevers, cools, and allays Thirft. Dofe fo many drops as to give the Vebiculum a pleafing acidity, which may be re- peated two, three, or four times a day, or more, as need requires.
XXVIII. The Spirituow Tinkture of the Berries. It has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Deco&tion, and Pouder, but a much more pleafing Medicament,
<a
Z
‘
II. The Deftription. This Hederula Aquatica, or Water Ivy, bas /mall thready Strings infead of oots
aches and pains coming from a cold and moiftcaufe.
—
‘ i ds) ey oe” ee ee, Be | ee Bk ee ee
Se ee
502 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1.
Roots or Stalks, which fpread themfelves very much under the Water, from this ftringy Root grow forth feveral eer trailing Stalks, rifing from the bot- tom of the Water to the top, thefe Stalks foot forth at the lower Foints and with the Leaves under the Water feveral other fmall Fibres, which ferve as Roots alfo with the former: from the Stalks likewife at the Joints come forth divers triangular Leaves, in form of an Ivy Leaf, which Leaves, thofe which grow near the tops of the Stalks, float upon the top of the Water, and are many, each of their three parts, formed alfo in a triangular or three cornered manner, like thofe of Barren Ivy, or Noble Liver- wort, and are fometimes marked with a black {pot and with thefe Leaves from the Joints come forth fall knots of yellow Flowers, ftanding upon indif- ferent long footftalks, but Gerard fays it is barren of Flowers or Seed.
Wild Fennel-Flower, or Katherine-Flower. 3. Ni- ella Romana Arvenfis, Field Fennel-Flower, or Field Katherine-Flower.
y WWE) = iIn=NVfZ ‘ ; = AYSSS <A i AID SINS }
BSS Ss
i
f ‘
IV. The Places. Gerard fays it is very rare to find, and that he-found it once ina Ditch by Ber~ mondfey Houfe, near London, and never elfewhete , but Parkinfon fays it is found plentifully enough in divers places of this Land, I have found it in Ditch- es, Pools of ftanding Water, and other like wet and plathy Grounds in feveral places of Cambridgfhire ,
ut it always grows in Water. )
V. The Times. 1t Flowers in May and Fune, and gives its Seed in fome {mall time after.
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues are exa&tly the fame with thofe of Common
Crowfoot, and therefore I refer you thither, where they are handled at large in Chap. 176. Seé#. 24. ad 34. fo that no more need be faid thereof in this place.
Wi -
yy :
IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Roman fweet felling Nigella, or Katherine-Flower, bas @ Root which is fmall, thready, yellow, and perifhing every. Tear, this fweet Plant grows up to be two Feet high, more or lefs, with feveral flender Branches, and ma- ny finely cut and divided Leaves on them, nearly as fine or fimall as Fennel, (whence one of the Names) and very like unto thofe of the Larksheels; at the top of every Branch ftands one Flower, made of five blew Leaves, laid abroad like a Star, without any green Leaves under the Flower, as in fome Single, and another Double blew fort, with a green Head in the middle, compafled with fome few Threads, which Head grows to be the Seed Veflel, being a little long and round, with five finall fhort Tops, like Horns, ftanding at the tops of the Heads, in which lye in feveral Cells fall, black, and very fharp, fweet, {trong fmelling Seed.
V. The fecond, or Wild Fennel-Flower, or Kathe- rine-Flower. This grows very like the former for. its green Leaves, but a little fmaller and fhorter, ~ the Flowers are blew, and like the former, but the, Head with its Seed is larger, and the Horns longer; the Seed within is ufually black, fometimes a little whitifh, and fometimes yellowifh, without any ane
fingle
JUNOE’s TEARS, fee Vervain Chap. (§. 1. TUPIVER. BEARD, fee Houfleek Great Ch. 384.
PITER’s DISTAFF, fee Clary Chap. 137. Se€t. 2. JUREY, fee Darnel Chap. 211.
C HAP. CCCCX.
OfKATHERINEFLOWER, OR Roman NIGELLA.
LQ HE Names. It is called in Arabick Xanim,
Sunis, Sunici, feu Sunizt, in Greek Merdbee ev, and Meaavomepory in Latine Melanthium, and Ni- gella, in Englifh Katherine-Flower, Fennel-Flower, and Roman Nigella.
Il. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of Nige/- la, Gith, or Fennel-Flower, viz. 1. Melanthium, five Nigella Romana, Roman Nigella, or Katherine- | at all: there is another likewife of this fort, Flower, properly fo called, of which in this Chap- | ing in nothing from this, but only that its } ter. 2, Nigella Cretica, Gith, Fennel-Flower, or | Flowers are white, and its black Seed without {cents Nigella of Candia. 3. Nigella Hifpanica & Da-\ VI. The third, or Field Fennel-Flower, or Kathe- majcena tlore Simplict F multiplict, Spanifh Gith, rine-Flower. This Field Sort # very like the loft, Fennel-Flower, or Nigella Single and Double, of] but it grows thinner of Branches and Leaves. and which we Treat under the Title of Nigella in fome they alfo fhorter ; the Heads are fimaller and eae
of the following Chapters of this Book. as the Flowers aifo are, but of a pale blew he
Ill. The Kinds of Roman Nigella, or Katherine- \ Seed being, black likewife, and without feent: there >
Flower. Of this there are the three following forts, | is another of this fort, differing little from that now
1. Nigella Romana, frve Sativa, Roman Nigella, ,
Sweet fmelling Nigella, or Sweet fcented Kathe-
detiaiied, et in the Flowers, which bei and blew like it, have green Leaves under rine-Flower. 2. Nigella Romana Silveftris inodora,
the Seed being black is fomewhat feet.
VIL. The Places. The firft is ufually Sown in Gardens, even in Italy, and other Countries, the others grow wild, and in Corn Fields of Italy, and other Southern Countries, with us they all grow in Gardens only.
VIL. The Times. They are all Annually to be Sown in the Spring, if they do not Sow themfeélves, and they Flower in Fume and Fu/y, giving their ripe Seed in Fuly and Augu/t.
IX. The Qualities. “The Seed, (which is chiefly ufed) is hot and dry in the third degree, it is Ape- ritive, Abfterfive, Carminative, Digeftive, Diuretick, PeCtoral, Nephritick, Alexipharmick, and of thin and fubtil parts; where note, the firft Kind is only ufed in Phyfick.
X. The Specification. Mt penne | prevails againft thin and falt Catarrhs, expels Wind, kills Worms, helps fhortnefS of Breath, provokes the Terms, eafes the Strangury, expels Stone and Gra- vel, and is an Antidote againft Poyfon.
XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom 1. A Liquid Fuice of the Herb. 2. An Effence of the fame. 3. An Infufion of Herb or Seed in Wine. 4. Ihe Seed whole. 5. A Pouder of the Seed. 6. An Oil of the Seed 2 Expreffion. 7. An Acid Tin- lure of Leaves or Seed. %. A Spirituows Tinfure. 9. An Oily Tintture. 10. A Decottion of the Seed in Vinegar. 11. A Fume of Herb or Seed. 12. A Spirit pa Herb or Seed.
The Virtues.
XIL The Liguid Fuice. It opens obftru€tions of the Vifcera, chiefly of the Lungs, Reins, and Womb; mix’d withegqual parts of Honey, and fo taken, it helps againit Afthma’s, caufes free breathing, re- moves HoarfenefS and Wheezing, rovokes Urine, eafes the Strangury, expels Sand, Gravel, and Tar- tarous Matter out of the Urinary parts, gives eafe in the Colick, and forces down the Terms in Wo- men, kills Worms, and dries up Catarths. Dofe one S pote ta to two Morning and Night for fome confiderable time; it may alfo be mix’d with White Port Wine; and fo taken.
XII. The Effence of the Herb. Xt has all the Vir- tues of the Liquid Juice, is fomething more pleafant to be taken, and more powerful in its operation, and therefore ought to be given in fomewhat a leffer
uantity; taken with Honey it is a Remedy againft
oyfon, the Stinging of Scorpions, and the Biting of the Spider Pha/angium, given mixed with a fim- ple diftilled Water of Angelica, Anifeeds, or Fen- nel, it is faid to increafe Milk in Nurfes Breafts.
XIV. The Infufion of Herb or Seed in Wine. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but muft be given in larger quantities, viz. ftom four to fix, or eight Ounces; it helps fhortnef$ of Breath, pro- vokes Urine, and is Boe againft the Bitings of Ve- nomous Creatutes, &c.
XV. The whole Seed. \t is faid that it was eaten familiarly in formet Times, being ftrewed upon their Bread, or rather pat into their Bread in making, and fo put in as Poppy Seed was; tied in a Cloth and
finelled to, being of hot, dty, and thin Parts, v3
helps to dry up Kheums and Diftillations Head, as Galen fays, and being put into a Cap a-
mong other things for that purpofé it does much}
good; being often felled to it is faid to reftore the Senfe of Smelling to thofe'who have loft it; it ferves well to put into odoriferous Pouders and {weet Bags among other {weet things.
« XVI. The Powder of the Seed. Being taken fromm halfa Dram toa Dram in Wine’ it is a Remeé againit Forage c= difficulty | i ing, difouffes and expels Wind, provokes Urine and
Chap. 410. Emgh/b Herbs. | 583
the Terms in Women, increafés ‘Milk in the Breafts of Nurfes, not being too much taken, it -kills and drives forth Worms in the Stomach and 5 Whe- ther taken in Wine or Water, and this it does’the more‘effetually if it is oie ee orin a Cataplafn, to Stomach and Navel, it is an ex- cellent Remedy (as Galen fays) where there is need of heating, cleanfi und ee Wes
XVII. The Oi Fike Seed by Expreffion. It has all the felf fame Virtues of the Seed, expreffed in the former Se€tion, and may be given from twenty to forty drops, firft mixed with Honey, or ah Od Clovegilliflowers, or other ome Syrop, and th taken in a GlafS of Wine, Sack-Whey, Barley-Broth, --t other proper Vehicle, Morning, Noon, :
ight)
VIII. The Acid Tinffure. It is good sae burning and malign Fevers, the Plague or Peftilence, and other contagious Difeafes, ic refifts Poyfon, is good again{t the Stinging of Scorpions, the ne has al the Vstues Of the Juco, Ellece, Decoton,
the Virtues of the Jui ence, Decottior ot Infufion and Pouder of the S egoing. Dofe fo many drops as to give the Vehicle a pl ack i as times a day.
"gree provokes Urine, and is profitable againft
obitru€tions of the Womb, Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, gives eafe in the Strangury, and expels
Sand, Gravel, Stones, and other Calculous or Tar- -
tarous Mucilage out of the Urinary parts. Dofe
XXI. The Decottion of the Seed in Vinegar. - \f it is held in the Mouth of fuch as are troubled with the Toothach it eafés the pain, bathed upon hard Swellings it foftens and difcuftes them, it cleanfés the Eyes of filth, and being daily applied to the de- formities of the Skin, as Tettars, Ringworms, Scurf,
Morphew, Yellownef$, Spots, Freckles, 6c. it is —
faid to cure them.
XXII. The Fume from the Herb or Seed being burnt. \t drives away Flies, Gnats, Musketoes, €&c. out of the Room in which it is ufed in Summer
time.
XXII. The Spirit from Herb or Seed. It is Cor- dial, expels Wind, eafes the Colick, prevails againft Convulfions in Children or Elder People, and cures Fainting and Swooning Fits.
C.H.A P. CCCCXI. Of KALE, or CLASSWORT, Called 1 SAL TW ORT.
: in Je i9 called in Arabic Keli, it EE toi bo Grdee Nate, be in Larne it
wort. 4. Kali Agyptiacum Folijs valde longis bir-
>
called Kali alfo, and Salicornia, Salficornia, and Sal- Sole genus, in Englifh Kali, Glafswort, and Saltwort. The Athes hereo
mer, but nothing fo long, from among which grow fmall, whitifh,- purple Flowers, with many {mall are called Soda, and Rochetta, and | Threads in their middle; of this fort there are fome
the Salt Alkali, or Sal Alkali, the Salt of Kali, or | with fhorter Leaves, differing in little elfe. GlafSwort, Kal is an Arabick Word, and in that
hasemsee fgnifi Salt. VIL. The Places... The fitft as well as the fourth i. inds. There are four Kinds of Kali, ot | grows in Egypt, and it generally grows among o- Glafswort, viz. 1. Kali Geniculatum, Salicornia, Sal- \ ther Sea Plants on the Sea Coafts in all Countries; Sole genus aliud Cefalpini, Salficornia, Jointed Glafs- | 1 found it growing plentifully in the Salt Marthes wort, ot Saltwort. 2. Kali majus Cochleatim, Kali\in South Carolina; as’ up Wadmalaw River, and on magnum Sedi medij Folijs Semine Cochleato Lobelij,\ the Sands and Marfhes, of Wando River, not far from ‘Kali Cochleatum majus Camerarij, Anthyllis Salfa \ the Sea fide, and. in other Salt Marfhes of the fame majoris, Kali majus Cochleato Semine, Salfole genus \ Country); .it grows alfo on our Coafts of England, Cefalpini, Great Glafswort, or Kali with Snail like | &c.in many places, in Saxony, and other parts of Seed. 3. Kali minus album, Kali minus. villofum\ Germany, where there are Lakes of Salt Water; the Baubini, Anthylioides Thalij, Small White Glafs- | fecond. grows by the Sea fides in feveral places of Syria, Africa, Italy, and Spain, as alfo in Provence and Aguitane, where they Sow large Fields thereof, for the Profit they make of the Salt. or Athes of the Plant in making Glafs and Soap, the third grows not only in the aforenamed places, but in other ccld- er Climates likewifé, not- by the Sea only, but by the Salt Pits in Saxony, as Camerarius fays, and is found alfo on the Sea Coafts of England and Ire- land; the fourth, as A/pinus fays, is more peculiar to Egypt, but Columna fays it is frequent on the Weftern seapelitan Shoar. . ; VIII. The Times. ‘They all flourith in the Sum- at and they which perifh give their Seed in Ax- gu
or fomething later; the firft of them abides all the Winter.
futis Baubini, Kali 7Egyptium Alpini, Mgyptian ia Glafswort, or Ph ig , The Defcriptions. . The firft, or Jointed Ka- Ai, Glafswort, or Saltwort, has a Root which is fmall, long, and thready, it rifes up ufually with but one Stalk, upright, round, thick, and almoft tranfpa- tent, a Foot, or Foot and half high, thick fet, and full of Joints, or Knots, without any Leaves at all -on them, but fhooting forth. Joints one out of ano- ther, or one at the end of another, with fhort Cods at the heads of them, and alfo fuch like fmaller Branches on all fides, and they are alfo divided into other fmaller ones; this is thought to bear neither ‘Flower nor Seed: . there are fome. other Kinds here- of, as Kali Geniculatum breve, differing a little in the form of the Joints one from another, and Kali} IX: An Obfervarion. Out of this Hetb is made Geniculatum rubrum, one which is wholly reddifh,|the A/ka/i of the Arabians, Levant, Egypt, Se. not differing in any thing elfe from any of the other | or Pot Afhes, as we in England call het, called Jointed ones. 5 alfo by other Names, as Po/verine, Pulverine, Ro- IV. The econd, or Great GlafSwort, or Kali with | chetta, and Soda, which are all the fame thing, made Snail like It bas a Root which is fomewhat\of the fame Matter, but do each differ in goodnefs, long, with many fibres adjoining to it, and perifhes \according to the place the Matter comes trom, and every Year for the moft part after it bas given Seed | the Method or Order of making of: it; the Matter it rifes up with a big, round, reddifh, flefhy Stalk,| is the Herb Kali, (alfo A/ga, or Kelp, which is Sea- very like unto Purflain, about two Feet high, divi-| Girdles, Sea-Weed, Sea-Thongs, ox Sea-Laces) the ded into. many Branches, on which do grow many | goodnefs of the Herb is taken from the places of its thick, long, round, flefhy Leaves, pointed at the| growth, that which grows on the Coafts and Banks ends, growing without order, fometimes but one or| of Syria, /Egypt, the Levant, €&c. is the beft, that two, and oftentimes more {tanding at a place; here | which grows on the Coafts of Spain, Italy, and Ve- and there difperfed upon the Branches come forth| zice, is the next beft, that. which grows’on the alfo {mall yellowith Flowers, and after them fimall | Coafts of France is worfe, but that which grows on brownifh Heads, turned, round like Snails, in which] the mouth of the Thames, and other Maritime pla- lye {mall round Seed, this Plant has an ill tafte,| ces of England, is the worft of all, as raking *t but faltifh. which yield the leaft Salt, or Sa/ Alkali, of any oF V. ‘Lhe third, or Small White GlafSwort, or Ka-| them. : li: It bas a Root likewife which is fmall and woody,| X. The Qualities. The Herb is hot and dry in which perifhes after it bas given Seed; it {prings up| the end of the firft.degree, the Afhes or Salt is hot from the Root with feveral whitifh green Stalks,|and dry in the fourth degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, or Branches, nothing fo high asthe former, and | Digeftive, Diuretick, Pyrotick,. or Cauftick Ne- bending or leaning down to the Ground, {preading | phritick, Hyfterick, Arthritick, ‘Emmenagogick, Su- it felf into other fmaller Branches full of Joints, | dorifick, and Alexipharmick. whiereon! grow? more ftore of fmaller and fhorter,| XI. The Specification. Kali purges pituitous, Wa round and pointed Leaves, nothing fo flefhy as the] tery, and. melancholy Humors, provokes Urine, is former, a of the fame pale green color with the| good againft the Dropfie, opens obitrutions of Li- Stalks, the Flowers are white, and ftand fingly on| ver and Spleen, brings down the Terms, and expels the tops of the Branches, after which come fimall | the dead Child. Husks, in which lies the Seed, which is fimall, black,} XII. The Preparations. You may have therefrom and fhining, like unto Sorre? Seed. 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. A Ponder of the Herb. 3- VL. The fourth, or Rgyptian Kali, GlafSwort, or| The Ashes, called- Pot Ajhes. 4. A Salt called Sal Salewort.: It-bas a’ Root Like the otbers,.and grows\ Alkali. 5. Soap. 6. Sandiwer. “ato Se up with one flender Stalk, bending it Seif downwards, and branching ferth at the Foints into other fmall ones, which for the moft part ftand more upright, and at every of the joints two very long and fomewhat haiiy Leaves, bowing themfelves downwards becaufe of their length; the finall Branches are bare, without Leaves:unto the tops or ends of them, where grow many {mall and long Leaves, hairy, like to the for-
‘
The Virtues. 9 Bt . : 1, ae XII, The Liquid Fuice. Taken in Drink of
Wine fiom one Spoonful to two, or mote, it pil downwards fupert s, and.
to exp a de
_—=_
Chap. Al f,
Child, it opens obftruétions of the Liver and Spleen, and difcuffes the hardnef§ thereof, it gives eafé in the Strangury, and expels Sand, Gravel, Stones, &c. XIV. The Pouder of the Herb. Xt has all the for- mer Virtues of the Juice, but not full out fo effectu- al as it, and may be given from half a Dram to a Dram and half in White Port Wine, or other pro- per Vehicle, it is fometimes mixed with thofe things which are ufed as Corrofives, to confume fuperflu- ous, proud, or fpongy Flefh, which grows in foul and virulent Ulcers, if ic is taken in too great a uantity it is mifchievous and deadly, as Gerard
ays.
XV. Pot Ajhes. They have all the Virtues of the Juice and Pouder, and are equivolent in ae: tion to the Afhes: of. Tartar; they.are powerfully aperient, provoke Urine in the laft degree, and. car- ry off a Dropfie by Urine, being made into a Lixi- vium with Water, and given in Wine; they are ve- sy fharp and biting, like a Cauftick, and the Lye which is made thereof is fo ftrong, that it will fetch off the Skin from the Hands, or any other parts of the Body it is applied to, and therefore if any ufé it to cleanfe the Skin from Spots, Freckles, Lentils, YellownefS, Sunburning, Tanning, Scurf, or Mor- phew, or other like Defilements, they ought to be cautious in ufing of it, and apply.it. very {paringly, or ufe it not made:too, ftrong, and fo it may do much good.. How thefe Afhes are made fee in our
“Englifh Herbs.
595
XVIIL. The Sandiver, or Glafs-Salt. It is ufed often being made into Pouder to be blown into the Eyes thro’ a Quill, or being diffolved in Water and {quirted into them, to.take away the Skin which grows over the Sight; it takes away alfo Scabs and ManginefS, if the parts affetted be often bathed therewith, and ferves to dry up running Sores and Scabs, helps againft the Itch, and kill Tettars, Ring worms, and the like, ‘being often wafhed therewith; and fuftered to dry. on; it ferveS to make Metals tun, and a little thereof put into Antimony and Ni- tre for making Crocus Metallorum, increafes the quantity of the Crocus, and it will thetewith the better fepatate from the Scoria. GlafS being made with Pot Afhies and other Materials, as Sand, Cry- ftal, €%c. this Sendrver is that Salt which is fcum- med off from the top of the Glaf§ in the making thereof; fee more of it in my Seplafium, or Drug- gifts Shop, Lib, 2. Cap. 15. whete you may have far- ther fatisfation.
XIX. To find out the quantity of Sal Alkali which # contained in any quantity f Pot ees ‘Take a Pound of Pot Aphes, diffolve them, by boiling in eight or ten Pounds o fu Vater, more or lefs, then be- ing well fettled decant off the clear Lixivium from the Faces, the Faces dry either in the Sun or beforé a Fire; or in an Oven, or over aSand heat, and then weigh them, for fo much as they want of a Pound, fo much Salt is contained in each Pound of Afbes, and
Seplafium, or, Druggifts Shop, Lib. 2. Cap. 4. Seét.| fo many Ounces of Salt you have in your Lixivium.
41. and 12. where, and in the other Se€tions of the fame Chapter, you may find abundant fatisfa&tion, and you may alfo fee to what Mechanick Ufes they are to be applied, as alfo in Seéf. 22. of the fame the reft of their Medical Ufes; fo alfo our Polygra- phice Lib. 10. Cap. 1. of the bighth Edition...
XVI. The Salt, or Sal Alkalt.. This Salt is made out of the Pot Afhes, and has all the Vittues of Salt of Tartar, and almoft in the fame degree of good- nef$: how this Salt is made in perfe€tion fee in our Polygraphice Lib. 10. Cap. 1. Se. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Thofe Athes which come from Spaim and the Levant are good, where, by reafon of the heat of the Climate, Ka/i grows in great quantities, and is
reen all the Winter; but thofe Afhes which come rom Egypt, where there is never any Rain, are the {trongeft, and make the ftrongeft and fharpeft Salt. The Afhes coming from the Levant are called Pa/- verine, becaufe they are in Pouder, and have no fuch Preparation as Soda and Rochetta have, for the Herb is only burn’d on Iron Grates, and afterwards when cold the Afhes are gathered up and kept in
roper Veflels for ufe; thefe Afhes have indeed lefs at than Rochetta and Soda, but for the quantity it is nothing inferior in virtue and goodnefS. Our Dutch Pot Afhes, which are purely white, and in great hard lumps, are the beft in the World, yield moft and pureft Salt, and of the ftrongeft-kind, and there- fore of excellent ufe in making Soap, Glafs, &c. This Salt prevails againft the Jaundice, Dropfie, Scurvy, and Gout. Dole a Scruple or half a Dram in a Glafs of White Port Wine.
XVII. The Soap. If it is fpread upon.a piece of courfe thick brown Paper and applied to the Soles of the Feet of thofe who are taken Speechlefs, it brings them to their Speech again in a little time, if there be any hopes of reftoration, anointed over the Face of one who has Lentils or Freckles thereon it obliterates or takes them away, but it is by a gen- tle taking away of the Skin, after the manner of a Scurf as it were; {pread upon Leather and applied to the Hips in a Sciatica it cures it, being renewed as need requires; the fame it does being 5 applied to places pained with the Gout, and repea accord-
In fome of your Oriental Pot Afhes coming from Syria, Egypt, &c. you may have about ten Ounces in a Pound, and in fome again not above nine, or eight Ounces, and fome of the worfer forts of Afhes do not contain above feven or fix Ouncés in a Pound, fo great a difference is there in the goodnef$ “of the Afhes, but out of a Pound of the beft, ftrongeft, and whiteft Dzrch Pot Afhes we have obtained feveral times thirteen and fourteen Ounces of pure Salt, ve-
ry rarely fo little as twelve Ounces; the ftrongeft * and beft Afhes are thofe which are in greateft lumps, -
very hard, and white, as ic were of a blewifh white, (which color arifes from the well burning) and fuch contain the greateft plenty of Salt,
. ; S . PP *
CHAP. CCCCXIL
Of KELP, SEALACES, oes = SE A-THON GS.
L“P HE Names. It is called in Greek #vx@ bas
adticy, and 0x@ baardoncer, in Latine Alga, and Alga Marina, alfo Alga Maris, and Phycos, or Phycus, or Fucus Marinus, Marinus being added thereto to diftinguifh it from Fucus Herba, which is Anchufa, in Englifh Kelp, and Seaweed.
Il. The Kinds. Of Seaweeds there are feveral Kinds, vis. 1. Alga Marina, Fucus Marinus, Kelp, Sea-Laces, Sea-Thongs, or Sea-Girdles, of which in this Chapter. II. Mu/cus Marinus, Lichen Ma- rinws, Sea Liverwort, and this is twofold, wz. 1. Lafuca Marina, Lichen Marinus, Oifter green. 2. Opuntia Marina, Lichen Marinus rotundifolius , Round Leaved Oifter green, or Round ‘Leaved Sea Liverwort. IIL Alea Quercina, Fucus Quercinus, Sea-Wrack, and this is fixfold, ors. 1. Quercus Ma- rina major, The Greater Sea-Oak, or Sea-Wrack.
Ps - FFff - 2. Quercas
. . : : >
506 Salmon’s Herbal. Lib. 1 a ee 2. Quercus Marina minor, The Leffler Sea-Oak, ot Sea-Wrack. 3. Quercus Marina Tertia, The Third Kind of Sea-Oak, or Sea-Wrack. 4. Quercus Ma- rina quarta , Jagged Sea-Wrack. 5. Fucus, five Alga intubacea, Sea Curled Endive. 6. Fucus fpon- giofus nodofus, Sea Lg ape Thefe two latt ge-
netick Species fee in their proper places under the Titles Oxfter green, and Sea-Wrack.
(i. The Kinds of the firft of the three aforegoin, Heads. Alga inn eae Marinus . Kelp, called alfo Sea-Girdles, Sea-Laces, and Sea-Thongs, is fevenfold, vis. 1. Alga Marina, {properly fo cal-) VII The fifth, or Great Alga, or Kelp, ot Sea- led) Fucus Marinus, Alga Marina Grammea Lugdu- Girdles with bels or Hangers on. The manner of wenfis, Fucus Marinus alter Dodonzi, Alga Angufti-\growing of this with its ufe is like the laft, but this folia Vitrariorum Baubini, the broader fort of which | is the greateft of all thefe Seaweeds, having a Stalk is called Duperatus, Fucus Giganteus, and Palmifo-\ as thick as that of Angelica, of a brown Cheftnut lium Giganteum, Kelp, peculiatly fo called, Sea-| Color on the outfide, and fo are the round Leaves Girdles, Sea-Laces, Sea-Thongs. 2. Fucus Mari-\likewife, which are fometimes four, five, or fix Feet nus crajjus Latifolius, Thick Broad Leaved Alga,|/ong, not being fo thick as ones little Finger, and Kelp, or Sea-Girdles. 3. Fucus Marinus Latiffimo\ ending in feveral broad and jhort skinny Labels, in Tenuifolio, Broad. and Thin Leaved Alga, Kelp, or| /ike manner as the lower part of the Sword Hangers, Sea-Thongs. 4. Fucus Alatas, five Pinjeansiter, which are of a yellowish color.
Winged Alga, Kelp, or Sea-Girdles. 5. Alga, few) UX. Thefe fourth and fifth Kinds Johnfon upon Fucus maximus Poly/chides, Great Alga, or Kelp, Gerard has thus defcribed. This Seaweed has a va- or Sea-Girdles with many Labels, or Sea-Girdles | rious Face, for fometimes from a fibrous Root, which with Hangers. 6. Fucus Marinus fecundus Dodo-\ commonly —— to a Pibble Stone, or is faftned to net, Fucus longo, angufto, & crafjo Folio, Long, Nar-| a Rock, it fends forth a round Stalk, feldom fo thick tow, and Thick Alga, Kelp, or Sea-Girdles: 7. Fu-] as ones little Finger, and about half a Foot in length, cus Membranaceus Ceranoides, Alga Marina Mem-\ at the top of which grows out a fingle Leaf, fome- branacea, Kelp, or Seaweed with skinny Horns, _| times an Ell long, and then it is about the breadth
eee of ones Hand, ending in a fharp point, fo that it {V. The Defetiptions. The ff, or Kelp pecu-|very well refembles a two edged Sword; fometimes liarly fo called, Sea-Girdles, Sea-Laces, or Sea-|ftom the fame Root come forth two fuch fafhioned Thongs. It has roundifh Roots, which are hairy and\ Leaves, but then commonly they are leffer, fome- blickifh on the outfide, from whence rife up fmall,| times atthe top of the Stalk it divides it felf into round, long, white, hairy Heads, breaking out at the| eight, nine, ten, or twelve parts, more or lefS, and fides as it were into Branches, on the tops whereof) that juft at the top of the Stalk, which leffer divifi- ftand or grow three or four very long and narrow|ons never come to that length which the fingle foft green Leaves, fome being an Ell or more long, | Leaves do; this I judge to be the Fucus Polyfchides and about an Inch broad; this has neither Seed nor | Bavbini: now that thefe two Varieties are not feve- Stalk, but lies on the Ground, until the Tide raife |ral Kinds I am certain, at Margate in Kent, whete it to oat on the Water, which being broken by the | they grow, they call them Sea-Gird/es, which Name force of the Waves is carried to the Shoar, where it | well befits the fingle one, and the divided they call is gathered and kept for many ufes. Sea-Hangers, for if you hang the tops downwards V. The fecond, or Thick Broad Leaved Alga, Kelp, |they do reafonably well refemble the old fafhioned or Sea.Girdles. This differs from the former, in that \Sword Hangers; thus much for their Shape: now the Root is wholly fibrous, the Stalk rifing from thence \ for their Color, which is not the fame in all, fome thick and round, two or three Inches high, and the }are more green, and thefe can fcarcely be dried, 0- Leaf, which is fometimes but one, and feldom two, | thers ate whitifh, and they do quickly dry, and then of a very great length, even divers Feet, or rather |both in Color and Subftance are fo like Parchment, Yards or Fils long, and above four Inches broad, | that fuch as know them not would at the firft view equal from a little above the fetting on to the end,|take them to be nothing elfe, this is of a glutinous but fomewhat waved and crumpled on the edges, | fubftance, and of a little faltith tafte, and are faid being thick, and ofa deep green color, fo foft and|to be good Meat being boiled tender, and fo eaten moilt while it is frefh, that it is like unto moift|with Butter, Vinegar, and Pepper. og , Glew or Gelly, and will hardly dry, unlefS it lies] XX. The jixtb, or Long, Narrow, and Thick Al long in the Sun, and will not be fit to be kept with-| ga, Kelp, or Sea-Girdles. The Root hereof is round out rotting until after it has been A) days dried. | and flat, from whence fpring two or three narrow VI. The third, or Broad and Thin Leaved Alga,| thick Leaves, about a Foot and half long, divided :n- Kelp, or Sea-Thongs. This is in all refpetts like\to feveral flat thick Thongs, like Leather, fome long, unto the laft, but that the Leaves are thinner, broad-\ and fome fhorter, and they again divided into fimal- er, and fhorter, yet crumpled on the edges, and of a\\er ones, with no fwoln Knots or Bladders thereon; paler green color, and like unto thin Parchment. but there is another fort of this, which has fhortet + VIL. The fourth, or Winged Alga, Kelp, or Sea-|and narrower Leaves, the Stalks ending all in fwoln Girdle. This grows faft upon Stones, and Shells of \points. Fobnfon upon Gerard has a better Fifhes, both in the deeper and fhallower places of the} tion hereof, viz. This grows to the length of Sea, having around, dark, reddifh Stalk, of the big-| or fix Feet, is {mooth and membranous, being nefs of a Goofe Quill, which being grown to the full} half a Fingers breadth, and varioufly divi length is vety weak, lying on the Ground, unlefS the | to wet Parchment, or Leather cut into Thom Water raife it, and about four Feet long, on each}out any fwoln Knots or Bladders; ‘but fide of which grows a Wing all the whole length of] fort has long and flat Stalks, like the ¢ it, like unto a Skin or Parchment, with Veins there-| the Stalks are thick, and fet with {wolf in, which being like the Feathers of an Arrow, is| Bladders, out of which grow fometimes fi fmall below and broader above, equally to the top,} but in other refpects it is not unlike
of two or three Inches breadth; the Leaves which grow next the Ground are many, (and fome grow alfo on the Stalk) of a yellower agp one color, and of an Hand breadth, being four, fix, or eight Inches long, tough and pliable, or of a skinny fubitance, like unto the other Girdles; the Stalk does very wel] refemble a two edged Sword: this Kind of Alga or Kelp is ufed to be dreffed and eaten by the Inhabi- tants of the Sea Coafts where it grows, after it is cleared from the skinny Wings, and has a little fweet tafte with its falmefs, which makes it the more acceptable to the Palate.
3 Chap. 412. Engliph Herbs.
thefe two Kinds are the Fucus Marinus fecundus © | _ Ill. The Defcription. It bas Roots proceeding tertius Dodonei. | } From on@ Head, which aré many, long and flender, XI. The feventh, or Kelp, or Seaweed with skin-| /macler than thofe of the other Yellow fort, and by ny Horns. It bas a Sta/k a little above an Hand| its long flender Strings fpreading in the Ground it breadth long, an Inch and half broad, divided into| does much increafe: This Smail Yellow Afphodil, ot j Several Branches, fome broader, and others narrower,| Kings-Spear, Yas many long, narrow, edged Leaves, varying wonderfully, each of which ends in fhort| which are chamfered, or furrowed, which makes parts, like unto {mall Horns of this there are divers| them feem threefquare, of a blewifh or whitifh forts, differing Somewhat, tho not much one from ano-| green color; the Stalk is round, .and rifes up to be ther: thefe are faid to cure thé longing of Women| {ometimes two or three Feet high, befet with {mall 4 with Child. : long Leaves up unto the very Flowers; the Flowers -
_ ers, and other things of like kind,
Me
XII. The eighth, or Dying Red Sea Alga, Kelp, or Mofs. It grows unto fome Rock or Stone, ae out any appearance of a Root, unlefs it 7 a flat kind of Skin, from whence he up feveral Stalks, which are foft, and not above four or five Inches high, from each Stalk of which fhoot forth feveral Branches on both fides, and fome of them again divided into lef- fer, all of them ftored with fine fall Leaves, as {mall as Camomil Leaves, or rather like unto Fenne/ Leaves, of a fubftance much like to that of the Stalks, foft in handling at firft, eafie to be bended, and almoft tranfparent, if they be interpofed to the Light, of a reddifh or purplifh Color, but with fome whitenefS mixed together; this is not fo brit- tle as Cora/line when it is dried, but grows more tough thereby, and being put into Water and fteep- ed a while therein it grows foft again, it is ufed by feveral Mechanicks to ftrike a deep Crimfon, or red- difh Purple Color, which will lait long, and out of this a Red Lake may be made, as well as out of Kermes Berries, Brafil, Madder, Corn Poppies, Red Rofes, Carnations, Sun-Flower, Saffron, Broom-Flow-
XIII. The Places. Thefe are all of them found on many of our Englifh, Scottifh, and Irifh Shoars, on the Coafts of Holland and France, as alfo on the Shoars of warmer Countries; the fourth and fifth were found at Margate.
XIV. The Times. They flourifh in the Summer, and end of Summer, thofe being the chief times of their beauty and ufe,
XV. Their Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues are much the fame with thofe of Ka/ in the aforegoing Chapter, and out of thefe as good
‘Pot Afhes are made as out of any of the Ka/’s, or Glafsworts.
KIDNEYWORT, See Nave/wort Chap. KIK, See Spurge Great Indian Chap. KINGCOB, See Crowfoot Chap. 172. KINGSCROWN, See Me/i/ote Chap.
C HA P.. CCCCXIIL. ©
of KIN GSSPEAR, OR, Small Yellow ASPHODIL.
L“Q" HE Names. Xt hasno known Greek Name, the Latines call it Afphodelws luteus minor, Haftula Regia, and Famini Dionyfij Dodonai, in Eng- lifh Kings-Spear, ox Small Yellow Afpbodil. IL The inds. Xt is the feneth Sort of the ‘Afphodil "Treated of in Chap. 35. Sett,
. aforego- and a fingular Plant of the Species.
which grow thereon from the middle to the-top are very many, in fhape like to the Flowers of the other Kinds, they grow thick together, and Spike fafhion, one above another, for a great length, and wholly yellow, laid obs like a Star, fomewhat fmaller than the Great White A/phodil, and fomewhat great- er than the Leffer Afphodit which when they are paft fall round Heads or Seed Veffels come in their laces, in which is contained fmall, black, ‘cornered eed, almoft threefquare.
IV. The Cut which we have exhibited in the third place in Chap. 35. Se&t. 6. aforegoing is that which Gerard has given us for Kings-Spear, and the Cut for Gerard’s fourth Kind of A/phodil is that which Parkinfon has exhibited for Kings-Spear in his The- atrum Botanicum Pag. 1218. but that which Alar- thiolus has fet forth in his Compendium Pag. 342. is much more like the true Plant, excepting in its Head of Flowers, which is the true form of the Head be- fore it fhoots up into its long Spike, for afterwards when it grows up and dilateS it felf it differs nor much from the {pikednefs of the other A/phodils ; gnd this Figure of Matthiolws is that which we have
iven you in this place.
V. The Places. It grows naturally in Italy, Spain, Southern parts of France, and other hot Countries, from whence it has been brought to us, and is only nurfed up in our Gardens.
VI. The Times. It Flowers in the latter part of Summer, as in Fuly, and Augu/f, and the Seed is ripe about a Month after.
RFE 2 VIL As
500 Salmon’s Herbal. = Lib. 1.
VII. As to the Qualities, Specification, Prepara- tions and Virtues hereof, they are much the fame with thofe of the Common Afphodil in Chap. 35 Sef. 9, ad 23. aforegoing.
hereof, of which not above five or fix grow in Eng- land, of which we fhall only {peak in this Chapter, .| letting the others alone for a more general, Work.
1. Facea nigra vulgaris, Facea nigra Pratenfis La- tifolia Baubini, Our Common Knapweed, or Mat-
Solidago Saracenica Loniceri. 2. Facea nigra vulga- ris laciniata Baubini, Facea major Lobelij, Facea fexta Clufj, Facea hirfuto capite Camerarij, Our other Common Wild Knapweed, or Great Knap- weed. 3. Fucea laciniata alba, White Jagged Knap- weed. 4. Facea nigra Anguftifolia Baubini, Facea nigra Lithofpermi Arvenfis Folijs, Narrow ‘Leaved
C H A P. CCCCXIV, Of KNAP WEED Common,
OR Knapweed. 5. Facea Montana Narbonenfis Lobe- . lij, Facea Mufcata, & quinta Tabernamontani, MATFELLON..
Facea Montana incana odora Baubini, Narbone or French Mountain Knapweed. 6. Facea Montana candidiffima Baubini, Facea Montana laciniata, Hoo
LP LE Names. this no Greck Name, nor any | *¥, White Mounrain Kygpwreed.
ancient Latine Name that I know of, but by the modern Latines it is called Facea, and in Eng- _ lifh Knapweed, or Matfellon.
Il. The Kinds. Knapweed is agreed upon by all cols to be fen : yee =~ therefore Tre gus makes it to be Scabiofa Quarta, Gefner in Hor- é ; : tis takes it for a Kind of Great Sustet the Mea-\ Spring ; from this Root rife up many long and fome- dow, and thinks it to be that Plant which Scaliger | what broad dark green Leaves, fomething deeply calls Gethya nigra, Thalius in Harcynia calls it Cy-| dented about the edges, and fometimes a little rent anus Syluefiris Anguftifolius, but generally it is cal-| OF torn as it were on both fides in two or three pla- led Facea, (a lantbino Colore Florum) We have di-| es, and a little hairy withal, from among which vided the Produ€tions hereof into three Species, viz.
rifes up a {trong round Stalk, four or five Feet high, 1. Facea vulgaris, Our Vulgar or Common Knap. | divid
weed, of which in this’ Chapter. 2. Stebe, Silver | Of ftand great fealy green Heads, from whofe mid- Knapweed, of which in Chap. 415. next following. dle there is chruft forth a great number of dark, 2. Facea Spinofa, Thorny Knapweed, which third | Purplith, red Thrums or Threads, (and fometimes, Species, becauie it is not found growing in Englard,| tho’ but rarely, white) in which after they are wi- nor in any of our Foreign or We/t Indian Plantations thered and paft away feveral black Seeds are found, beyond Sea, we fhall fay no mote of it in this Work. | ! bif vodk ttttat 4 Sg, like unto
IV. The Deferiptions. The frft, or Our Com mon Knapweed, bas a Reot which w white, bard, and woody, with feveral Fibres annexed thereto, which perifhes not, but abides with Leaves thereon all the Winter, and fhoots out frefh again every
= y Fee ;
="
Kyapweed Llack common - i Gases Wi. The Kinds of the firft or Common Knapweed.\ V. The fe d, ‘ther Cor Authors make fixteen or eighteen Kinds or Varieties | Knapweed hi pag ne Keele The
“—_
ss
a
=
a
fellon, this Babine doubts whether it may not be —
into many {mall Branches, at the tops where-
Chap. Al 4. Englijh Herbs.
Like the former, blackifh, and bard, with many Hi-
589
Seed, like the other; of this fort alfo there is on®
bres, thes Other Wild Knapweed grows with ws | whofe Stalk and Leaves are longer, and fmooth, all among Corn very much, as well as in Meadows, and | over haity, foft, and woolly,
it grows with greater and taller Stalks than the for- mer; the Leaves both below and above upon them are much divided on both fides, even to the middle Rib, almoft like the Great Scabious of Matthiolus, but of a dark green color, and as rough, or rougher than the former, or firlt Common Kind, the tcaly Heads on the tops of the Branches are greater, and the Flowers larger, and of a deeper red color; the Seed is alfo like to the firft aforegoing.
iA 7 = 75 Q
_—
-~) oot
% (end Z o 4 E — sw INS SS
VI. The third, or White Jagged Knapweed. It has long creeping Roots, which are fibrous, or thready, and ae themfelves fomewhat under Ground; from this Root rife up feveral Stalks, furnifhed with pret- ty large whitifh green Leaves, very much jeged, divided or cut in on each fide to the middle Rib; thefe Stalks rife up to be fometimes about two Feet high, replenifhed with like Leaves from the bottom almoft to their tops, and they likewife branch out almoft from the Ground on all fides with leffer Branches, which are alfo befet with like Leaves, but leffer and lefS jagged as they approach near the tops; at the tops of the Stalks and Branches grow fuch like fcaly Heads as on the former, and with the like pleafant Flowers, made of fine Threads, as the others are, rifing out of them, faving that thefe are ae of a white color.
. The fourth, or Narrow Leaved Knapweed.
Its Root 7 long, bard, and blackifh, and repleat with many {mall Fibres, from this is up a round, rough, green Stalk, about a Foot and half high, on each fide of which are fet narrow, rough, fhort, and fomewhat ary green Leaves, compaffing it at the bottom, and divided into fome other Branches above, on the top of each of which ftandsa fcaly, whitifh, green Head, Out of the middle of which rife many finall long like unto the former, but fmaller, and of
@ pale reddifh color, after which follows final black
VII. Ibe fifth, or French Mountain Knapweed.
It bas a Root which is long, lender, with fome Fibres adjoining to it, and of a bitter tafte, from which Root pring orth feveral long winged Leaves, very much ivided on both fides into other fmall, long, and nar- rower ones, but they little or nothing again divided,
ofa light green color on the upper fide, and et '
white underneath, and a little rough or hard withal, fomewhat like unto the Te//ow Knapweed with prick g Heads, from among thefe Leaves rifes up a roun
talk, fomething rough alfo, and about a Foot high; without many Branches, but bearing three or four {caly Heads.at the tops, with eacl of them a long, narrow, divided Leaf at the foot, and thrufting forth for a Flower many purple Threads in the mid- dle, fmelling fweet, after which comes the Seed, not unlike the other Knapweeds, but leffer.
IX. The fixth, or Hoary White Mountain Knaps
divers winged Leaves, lying upon the Ground round abeut it, very much jagged, rent or torn on both fidés into many {mall Leaves, which are each of them deep= ly dented on the edges, fomewhbat like unto the Leaves of the falfe Stcebe in the next Chapter, all covered over with a hoary white Cotton or Wooll, or as it were {prinkled with fine Wheat Flower, or Meal, from among which rifes up a crefted, white, hoary
Stalk, a Foot, or Foot and half high, fearcely ha- -
ving any Leaves thereon to the (0p where it bears only two or three fcaly Heads of Flowers, like the others, with purple Threads rifing out of their mid- dle, which being paft away leave Seed like the reff.
X. The Places. The firft grows with us in moft Fields and Meadows, and about their borders, and near Hedge fides, and in many wafte Grounds, al- moft every where; the fecond grows in many plas ces of this Land, alfo among Corn, as well as in other Fields, and grows in an efpecial manner about Coventry; the third is alfo found growing wild in feveral places cf England, Fobhrfon fays he found it
growing wild in a Field near Martin Abby in Surry, _
as alfo in the Ife of Tenet, the fourth grows about Padua in Italy, and Mompelier in France, and other like warm Countries; the fifth upon the Hills of Caftrum novum, near Mompelier; the fixth about Capua in Italy, but with us thefé three laft grow on- ly in Gardens.
XI. The Times. They all Flower in Fune and Fuly, and their Seed is ripe in Fuly, or Auguft, or September, according as their Flowering is, eithet early or late.
XII. The Qualities. Knapweed is temperate in refpett of heat, and dry in the begining of the fe- cond degree, Aftringent, Abfterfive, Traumatick or Vulnerary, Antiemmenagogick, and Analeptick.
XIU. The Specification. It is a peculiar Cure for all fluxes of Blood, whether internal or external, whether’in the Stomach or other Bowels, whether by ruptures of any Blood Veffel or opeming of their Mouths; it is good alfo to ftop the ux of Humors to any Wound, Sore, Ulcer, or Fiftula, to dry up the moifture, and gently to heal the fame, without any {harpnefs or biting.
XIV. The Preparations. You may have there- from 1. A Liguid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decottion or Tafufion in Wine or Water of Herb and Roots. 4. A Pouder of Herb and Roots. 5. A Gar- garifm. 6. A Balfam. 7. A Cataplafm. ™
be
weed. It has a thick woody Root, which fends forth .
Sp ae, eee : ‘
*,
590 Salmon’s Herbal.
The Virtues.
C H AP. CCCCKXV. XV. The Liquid Fuice. \t isa very good aftrin-
ent, and helps to ftay fluxes both of Blood and atter, as {pitting or vomiting Blood, bleeding at Nofe, and other outward parts, piffing of Blood, alfo the, violent overflowing of the Courfes in Wo- men; it heals inward Wounds, alfo thofe Veins which are inwardly broken, and cures fluxes of the Bowels, as Diarthcca’s, Lienteria’s, and Dyfenteria’s, or Bloody Fluxes. Dofe three, or four, or more Spoonfuls in Red Port Wine two or three times a day, or as oft as need requires. I. The Effence. Xt has all the Virtues of the em ag st more powerful dap ren ae the elly; it ftrengthens the Stomach, and {tops Vomit- . jon, it ee againft Gooaiarte diftillations of | Lovey Burnet, whereas this Fad/e Stabe feems tru- thin me fharp Humors falling upon the Lungs, and ly to be of the Stock ¢ ey Bh ae = is good for fuch as are bruifed by Falls, Blows, or | 10% May more propery be caled in Haline ot other Accidents. Dofe two or three Spoonfuls in a ake 4 aes ‘araeh Enel Baftard or Falfe Glaf$ of Wine Moraing, Noon, and Night. 2 : 3 ~ Dips XVIL. The Deccltion of Herb and Rosts in Wine\ ii The Kinds. Authors have. mal ee or Water. Yt has all the Virtues of Juice and Ef|F this Silver Knapweed, but the chief which we fence, but much lef powerful; it is good to wath | {hall take notice of are thefe following, viz. 1. Sra- een Wounds, old running Sores, putrid Ulcers,| * Sa/amantica prima Cluftj, eet yas Do. Fiftula’s, and the like, for it wathes off, and clean-| 42%##, Stabe “Clu Folijs Cichoraceis mollibus iis fes them of their putrid matter and fanies, dries and eels Pes j — his firft ae Se al heals them, without any fharpnefS or biting; itdoes|Weed- 2» Stabe Salamantica fecunda Clufij .» the like in running Sores and Scabs of the Head and
Stabes Salamantice prime altera Species ejufdem other parts. Dofe inwardly is five, fix, or eight | 4”*oris, Stebe Argentea incana Lobelij, Aphyllan- Ounces, fweetened with a little Sugar.
thes tertia Dodonat, Stabe major Folijs Eruce molli-
XVIII. The Powder of Herb and Roots, Ut is ad-| 2% /anguinofis Baubini, Clufius his fecond Spanith mirably drying and aftringent, for being ftrewed ae se ge = , hy tad Salamantica Argentea thick upon any bleeding part it prefently ftops the|17?¢/7, alfo Stabe S CLR Argentea minor, afflux of Blood, and conglutinates the lips of a fim-|5#@be Salamantica tertia Clufij, Aphyllanthes fonds ple green Wound; ftrewed thick upon old and pu- Dodonei, Stabe Calyculis Argentets Baubini, Lobel’s trid running Sores and Ulcers it cleanfes them, dries | Silver Headed Knapweed. 4. Stabe Auftriaca ela- up the Humors fowing, and difpofes them to heal- |" Clufij, Stabe Gallica, Stabe Calyculis Argenteis ing; a Dram of the Pounder given inwardly in Red Atti Baubini, ie Greater Sie = Port Wine Moming and Evening ftops all inward |Aultria. 5. Stabe Auftriaca humilior © bumilis Pluses of the Bowels Clufij, Centaurij majoris Species minor Gefneri in
XIX. The Gargarifm. Take of the Effence two Collettione Stirpium, Stabe incana Cyano fimilis te- Ounces, of the Decoétion four Ounces, Alum two id olia Baub on Silver Knapweed of Auftria the Drams, Honey an Ounce, mix and diffolve. Xt heals | LeHer. 6. Stabe Argentea Kore albo minor, Stabe forenef$ of Mouth, Gums, and Throat, and affwa- Calyculis Argenteis minor Baubini, Facea klore al- ges the {wellings of the Uvula and Jaws; it is alfo bo Gerardi © Tabernamontani, The Leffer Silver good for green Wounds, to ftop the bleeding, and
conglutinate the lips of the Wound.
XX. The Balfam. \t digefts, cleanfes, incarnates, dries, and heals all forts of Wounds, Ulcers, and putrid running Sores in what part of the Body fo- ever, and put fcalding hot into Fiftula’s it diffolves the callous, and caufes them in a fhort time to be
Of KNAP WEED Silver, | Ps Falfe STOEBE.
1 HE Names. This Plant was doubtlef un-
known to the Ancient Greeks, as alfo to the Ancient Latines, but the Moderns call it Stabe whichi is not the true Stabe of Diofcorides and Theopbraftus, that being the Pimpinella Spinofa, or
ginis Folio Alpini (in Lib. de Plantis exoticis) Nat row Leaved Silver Knapweed of Candy.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The frft, or Clufius his — firft Spanifh Silver Knapweed. It har a Root which
is white, long, and woody, when it is grown above
cured. two Year's old, and then Ciao: perifhes in the XXI. The Cataplafm. Made of the Herb and|Viater, otherwife it abides well, and will ufually ; Roots boiled foft, and brought to a thicknefs with | F/ower and Seed to Winters
Pouder of Comfrey Roots, and applied, it is faid to be available for the Cure of Ruptures, the Decofti- on in Wine being alfo taken inwardly for fome con- fiderable time.
XXIL Laftly, it is to be noted, that the Qya/i- ties, Specifications and Virtues of this Herb are in a manrer the fame with thofe of Scabiows, this being a Species thereof, and therefore for a more full ac- count thereof we fhall refer you thither,
es, bearing upon sone >
ogeth . < ‘ieee i 1 wry.
-
rd
Knapweed with a white Flower. 7. Stabe Plantae
, if they be mot too ex
the firft by the Name o
Chap. 415. . Engl Herbs. <= | "691
whiter at the bottoms of them, which fo ftand in the |a oe Head, and they ufually make Brooms or
Flower near a Month before they fade, in the mean feafon the Seed ripens in the Heads, which is fmall, not much bigger than the Cyanws, but not fo great as the Ordinary Knapweed. ~*~
IV. The fecond, or Clufius his fecond Silver Knap- weed. It has a Root which is white and long, not enduring after Seed time, it has many divided hai- ry and fomewhat hoary Leaves, lying on the Ground, divided into feveral parts on both fides, but more feparate one from another than the former; the Stalks are fomewhat hairy or hoary alfo, but ftand not fo upright as the former, rather leaning down-
wards, by reafon of their weaknef$; thefe Stalks are | dy Fl
divided into many Branches, bearing at their tops fcaly Heads, a little larger, from whence fhoot forth larger Flowers alfo than the former, whofe outward Leaves are made like thofe of the Gyanm, or Cornflower, of a fair purplifh red Color, with fuch like colored Threads or Thrums in their mid- dles as are in that juft aforegoing, with whitifh and ellowifh bottoms; the Seed ripens in the time of owering, and is like the former.
V. The third, or Lobel’s Silver Headed Knapweed, which is the third Kind of Clufius. The Root is fome- thing thick and long, and abides fometimes after Seed time, it bas many Leaves rifing from the Root, but they are mush more divided, and into fmaller parts than either of the aforegoing, being more hoary, or of a whiter green Color than they, the Stalks are in the fame manner hoary, and rifes up as high as the firft, with thin, cut, or divided Leaves upon them, fharp at the points, but finaller and fmmaller up to the tops, where they are much divided into Branch- es, and bearing at their ends ftaly green Heads, but tore white edged Leaves, feeming as if they were Silvered, out of which come forth fimall purple
“Flowers, like the reft, but fimaller, the Seed hereof
lying in the Downy Heads, as the others do, but are omething blacker than they, each having an hairy erg them.
I. The fourth, or Greater Silver Knapweed of Auftria. This does not much differ from the laft nei- ther in its manner of growing, nor in its form of the Leaves, nor in its height, ror in its Stalk, but only in its fcaly Heads, which are not of fuch a fhining white Silver like Color, and in this confifts the whole difference.
VII. The fifth, or Silver Knapweed of Auftria the leffer. There is likewife but very little differ- ence in any particulars between this and the laft, its
_ chief variation is in the lownefs of its growing and
flendernefs of the Stalk, by which it is made a dimi- nutive Plant of the kind.
VILL. The fixth, or Leffler Silver Knapweed with a white Flower. Nor is there much di erence or variety between this and the laft, but only in the Hower, which confifts wholly of white Threads or Thrums, without baving any other Color joined or mixed with it.
IX. The feventh, or Narrow Leav’d Silver Knap- weed of Candy. It bas a white Root, and of a Fin- gers thicknefs in magnitude, it is but a fmall Plant, and has divers long, foft, fat, and narrow Leaves, dying next the Ground, a little dented on the edges,
ut thofe which grow up 5 ia flender Stalks, of about a handful long, are not dented at all, but refemble Ribwort Plantane Leaves, and are of a yellowifh green Color, the tops of the Stalks are replenifbed with fmall long Husks or Heads, out of which grow yellow Flowers, and after them {mall long Seed, like unto that of Scabious.
X. Nota. Clufivs ap that the Spaniards call Cabefuela, id eft Capitulum,
oms thereof to {weep their Houfes, and that the Phyficians there do ufe the third Kind in: ftead of Scabiows for all the Purpofes thereof:
XI. The Places. The firft pire Kinds do grow —
in feveral places of = tage efpecially about Sa/aman- Ca; as Clujins fays; the fourth, fifth and fixth grow in Axftria, and the feventh, (as its Title teftifies) in Candy, but by wry they are nurfed up in feveral Gardens of the Curious here in Eng/and.
XIL. The Times. The fitft fix do all Flower in the Summer Months of June and July, that of Can- owers fomething later, wiz. in Augujt, if an eatly Froft takes them they immediately wither, al- tho’ in their own natural places, which are the warm Countries, and where they continue many Years.
XIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues are the fame with thofe of the Vu/gar or Common Knapweeds in the former Chapter, and to that I refer you; Authors fay that all the forts of Knapweed come fomewhat nigh unto the Quali- ties of Scabious, to which for their full Virtues you ought to be direfted, and know that what Remedies may be had ftom and what Difeafes Scabious may be applied to, the fame the Knapweeds are produs &tive of and equally efficacious in.
CHAP. CCCCXVi.
of KNAWEL, OR, Geman KNOTGRASS,.
L“P" HE Names. It has neither Greek nor Anci- ent Latine Names that I know of, our Mo- derns call it Polygonum Germanicum, and we in Eng+ lifh Knawel, or German Knotgrafs. _ Ii. The Kinds. We have two Kinds heteo®, viz. 1. Polygonum Germanicum, Knawel Germanorum, Polygoni owen Tragi, Polycarpon, (from the abun- dance of Seed) and Po/ycnemon, (from its many Vir- tues) Polycarpon Lugdunenfis, Polygonum exiguum Dodongi, in his Pemptades, Polygonum Seligoides Ge- rardi, but this is an improper Name, for it has no Leaves like Se/inum, or Parfly, Common Knawel, or German Kuotgrafs, 1 know fome would ‘have this Plant to be Sexifraga Anglicana Lobelij, but I think it may be a Species thereof, the form and ftrong {weet fimell which Tragus fays it has inducing me to think fo, he being the Kvawe/ Tragi) but the fmall green Flowers and Seed in them are much dif: fering trom the Pink-like white Flowers in that. 2. Polygonum Germanicum alterum, Polygonum Litore- um minus Elofculis fpadiceo albicantibus, The fe- cond Knawel, or other German Knotgraf$; Bawhi- nus fays that there is feveral Varieties of this Ger- man Knawel, of which this fecond Kind is one of them, and the two following are alfo thought to be Species of the fame Plant, viz. 3. Polygonum Monta- num Niveum Lobel, Polygonum Montanum mini- mum Niveum & Sericeum, cone Hifpanici genius
Clufij, Paronychia Hifpanica Clufij, Polygonum Mon-
tanum Tabernamontani & Gerardi, Polygonum minus candicans Bauwbim, White Mountain Knotgrafs, or Knawel. 4. Polygonum Valentinum, Polygonum Montanum, Anthyllidis Species, Anthyllis Valentina Clufj, Spanifh Mountain Knotgrafs, or Knawel ;
tho’
tho’ this may be accounted a Kind of <Amtbyllis,|. VI. The fourth, or Spanifh Mountain Knotgrafs, (Baubinus accounting it among his Antbyllides) yet | or Knawel. Its Root is fmall, long, and blackifb on a: it Cannot be the Anthyllis quinta Diofcoridis, becaufe the outfide, it is a fmall Plant, and by fome referred eed that has upright Stalks, which this has not. to the Anthyllides, but by otbers accounted a {mail
kind of Knotgrafs, or Knawel, it fhoots forth many
ll, weak, reddifh Branches, lying upon the Ground, and not able to ftand upright, about a Foot long, parted into many other {maller Branches, on which grow at feveral joints and {paces many {mall Leaves together, like unto thofe of Time Spurge, on which, as well as on the Stalk, there appears a fhew of mealinefs, as many Sea Plants have; with the Leaves come forth finall, purplifh, white Flow- ers, confifting of four Leaves apiece.
VIL. The Places. The two firft grow in feveral places of England, the firft of them about Chipnam, in the Weft Country, and the fecond in dry, dandy? and Rocky places; the third grows in Spain, and ; the Southern parts of France, and the fourth about
I. The Deferiptions. The firft, or Common |the Caftle of Valentia in Spain, and other places, ; Knawel, or German Knorgrafs. It has a Root which \ with us they are only nurfed up in Gardens. is fmall, flender, and fibrous or thready, from whence\ VX. The Times. They all flourifh and are frefh
come forth feveral Fie Branches, not fully lying\and green in the Summer Months, and continue down on the Ground, balf a Foot long, or more, and i
their verdure till cold Weather comes in, which full of Foints, thickly fet together, at every one of | caufes them to wither and dry, in the mean feafon. which ftand many very fimall and long pointed | they Flower and perfect their Seed. Leaves, of a greyifh green, or Afh Color, which are . The Qualities. They are Aperitive, Abfter- ‘ of an unequal length, two for the moft part longer | five, Vulnerary, Diuretick, Nephritick, and Lithon- _ than the other; at thefe Joints with the Leaves come | triptick. forth divers finall, Herby, or green Star-like Flowers, . The Specification. They are powerful to break thick fet together, which being fallen away there] the Stone, and give eafe in the Strangury, efpecial- appears in very finall Husks, no bigger than Mi//et | ly the firft and fecond Kinds. q Seed, a great ftore of very fmall Seed, like Duft, of] XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, . the Seed of Hetniaria, Or Rupturewort, which are|1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decott of a quick hot fimell, and fomewhat fweet. on in Wine. 4. A Pouder. 5. A Mixture. IV. The fecond Knawel, or other German Knot- ;
grafts. It bas a Root which is fmall, long, and white, The Virtues. the whole Plant very much refembling the former, both in its manner of growing and in its flender trail- ing Branches, which have fmall, long, hoary or grayifh green Leaves, many fet together at a i but that they are longer than they, fome of thefe being two Inches long, efpecially of thofe next the Root; the Flowers hereof ftand or grow not at the Joints with the Leaves, but at the tops of the Stalks and Branches, many cluftering together, which are very fmall, and white on the infide, but of a brown- ifh red Color on the outfide, which afterwards turn into a plentiful Crop of very {mall Seed. \'s Tg third, or White Mountain Knotgrafs, or Knawel? It has a Root which is fmall, long, and ewhite, not perifbing in Winter in its native Clime or place of growth, no not fo much as its Branches or Leaves, but it will not endure our cold Nights and piercing Blafis, and therefore dies with us, unlefs preferved with great Care and Cincemipeliens This Herb is a fine, white, and Silver like Plant, efpeci- ally growing in the hotter Climates, and when it is grown old, fo that it gives much delight to the be- holders; it fpreads many weak trailing Branches upon the Ground, in fome places not paft a Hands|Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Matter ftom the Url breadth, in others a Foot long, as full or fuller of | nary parts, and {trewed upon fimple Wounds it con- Joints than any of the Kinds of Kuotgra/s in Chap.
p.|glutinates and heals them, it ftops a flux of Blood — 418. following, which are thick fet alfo with fmal-|in green Wounds, and a flux of Humors in Ulcers,
ler Branches, on which are placed very fimall long | being {trewed thick thereon. Dofe inwardly a Dram Leaves, lying almoft like Scales upon the whitifh Jat a time, Morning and Night, in a GlafS of White hard Stalks; thefe Leaves are green at the firft, and| Port Wine. — tender, but when they ate grown old they will be| XVI. The Mixture. By wafhing a fimple green of a fhining Silver Color, and hard, like Skins or|Wound herewith ic conglutinates the lips i Parchment; the tops of the Stalks and Branches are | upon the fpot, it cleanfes Ulcers, reprefles f thick fet with fmall, white, Silver like Leaves, and | of Humors upon the fame, the part and pat at the Joints come forth very finall white Flowers,|cent being fomented warm therewith, it dries Up {carcely to be difcerned, which being paft away are |their humidities, and difpofes them to a ipees followed by exceeding fimall Seed, healing. This Mixture is made by mixing the.
<7 .
XII. The Liquid Fuice.. Tragis fays that Knaw- e/ has the fame Properties which Kzotgra/s has, and may ferve to all Intentions inftead thereof, as well for inward as outward Remedies; it opens obftru- &tions of the Reins, Ulreters, and Bladder, gives eafe in the Strangury, and is faid to be very powerful to break the Stone. Dofe three, four, or fix Spoon- fuls, mix’d with any proper Wine, or other Vehicle.. XML. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the i Juice, but much more powerful to the Intentions. Dofe three or four Spoonfuls in fome fit Vehicle in the Morning fafting, and at Night; outwardly ufed to Wounds and Ulcers it cleanfes, dries, and heals them admirably, by only wafhing therewith, and a applying Soe dipt therein, it conglutinates the. ' lips of green Wounds in a very fhort time. XIV. The Decoffion in Wine. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not altogether fo pow- erful, it cleanfes the Reins, Bladder, and Womb very forcibly, and is a good Lotion for the cleanfing and drying of foul and running Ulcers. - XV. ‘The Pouder. It provokes Urine, expels
.
Chap. 4.1 7. ‘Enghfh. Herbs.
quid Fuice or Effence three parts, with choice Brandy
one part, and digefting them together twenty four Hours.
CHA P. CCCCXVIL
of KNEEHOLM;,- OR BUTCHERS-BROOM.
IT HE Names. It iscalled in Greek Of vpvgeivn, Oxymyrfine, i.e. Myrtus acuta, Mvgtim dyeia, Myrtus Sylveftris, (but there is another Myrtus Syi- veftris among the Ancients, which is like the Tame or Manured Kind, which Pliny Lib. 15. Cap. 7. con founds together) Mverixar§a, Myrtacantha, Myrtus Ss sg $e" Mudxevbey Murina Spina, and by Theophra- ye evresmuppivn, Centromyrrbine, in Latine-Rufcus, and Rufeum, and by the Apothecaries Brufcus, and of fome, as Marcellus fays, Scopa Regia, Pliny fays it is called Chamemyrfine, and Acaron, or-rather A- ceron, which is one of theit baftard Names, in Exg- lifh Kneebolm, and Butchers-Broom, Il. The Kinds. Authors have not yet found out more than one fingular Species of this Plant.
Knee hola» 4 orButchers WY
3 Y) Broome
M4, = Wri! ig
forth eos! thick, long, and tough white the
°
with the roundnefS, which are tough, pliant, and flexible, on which are fet fomewhat broad and al- moft round hard Leaves, fharp and prickly pointed at their ends, of a dark green Color, and fomewhat like unto Myrtle Ledves, two for the moft part fet at a place, ty Bag or near together; about the middle of the Leaf, on the back or lower fide, from the middle Rib, comes forth a fmall whitifh green Flower, confifting of four fall round pointed Leaves, ftanding upon a very {hort or no foorftalk, in whofe place, being paft away) comes a fimall round Bey, green at the firft, but when it is ripe red, much like toan A/paragus Berry, but greater, in which are con tained two or three white, hard, round Seeds.
IV. The Plices. It grows generally in moft pla- ces throughout Exg/end, in Copfes, and upon Heaths, and on rough, barren, and wafte Grounds, and oft times under or near Holly Bufhes; it grows upun Hampfted Heath, not far from London, and in many places in Kent, Effex, and Barkjhire, almoft in every Copfe and low Wood. : es
¢ The Times. It fhoots forth its young Buds ~ in the begining of the Spring, which are eaten in fome places (as aforefaid) as our young A/paragus the Berries are ripe in Auguft and September, the Branches and Leaves abiding green all the Winter.
VI. The Qualities. The whole Plant, Roots, Leaves, and Berries are powesnilly Aperitive, Ab- fterfive, Diuretick, and Vulnerary, PeCtoral, Ne- phritick, Hyfterick, and Arthritick. .
VIL The Specification. It isa peculiar thing a- gainft the Dropfie, efpecially that called an A/cites,
_ | opens Obftru€tions of the Urinary paffages, and con-
folidates broken Bones.
VIL. The Preparations. The Root is chiefly made ufe of to all the Intentions for which the Plant is ufed, and the fame is accounted one of the five opening Roots; therefrom you may make, 1. A Fuice or Effence. 2. A Decottion in Wine. 3. Of the young Sprouts a Sallet. 4. Of the Branches,
Brooms or Befoms. §. A Decottion of Leaves and Berries.
The Virtues.
IX. The Fuice or Effence. It pore opens Obftructions of Liver, Spleen, Gall Bladder, Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, provokes Urine, and amends the ill fimell thereof, it helps to expel Gravel and the Stone, gives eafé in the Strangury, and provokes Womens Monthly Courfes, it helps the Yellow Jaundice, and the Headach, and made into a Lohoch with Honey it expettorates Flegm} and cleanfés the Thorax, or Lungs, and Stomach of Flegm and clam- my Humors gathered together therein. Dofe from one Spoonful to two, three, or four, in a Glafs of White Port Wine twice’a day.
X. The Decottion in Wine. It has all the former Virtues, tho” not altogether fo powerful, and may be given Morning and Evening from four to. eight Ounces, or ten in Dofe, befides which it is effeftual in knitting and confolidating of broken Bones, and {trengthning parts out of joint, and other weak Limbs, for which it is not much inferior to Comfrey, or So- lomon’s-Seal, drinking this Decoftion, and applying the faid Roots Pulticeewifé unto the pars attected, Riverius in his Obfervations fays, that a Beggar-
Man was affeted with the Dropfie three Months, whereby his Belly grew exceeding big, and becaufe his Poverty would not afford him the choicer Medi- caments, he ufed, by the Advice of a Country Wo-
.
4
_ found by oy me to cure an A/fcites, and it cured
_is not speci in its Praifes for this purpofe. e
~ they are nothing near fo effeftual as are the Juice,
°
594 __ Salmons Hovkal —Tab.1
‘alone he was perfe&tly cured; a ftrong Decoftion or | gomum Germanicum Baulini, Knawel, of which we Infufion alfo of it in Water having been plentifully |have already difcourfed in Chap. 416. aforegging.
ufed. Morning and Night by it-felf} alfo boiled: in Wine or Broth, and eaten as #oc with the, Wine or Broth for a Month or five Weeks fpace, has been,
this kind of Dropfie.in two Young Maidens, the one ‘of which lived in good Health many Years after it; another Woman was cured of a Dropfie of the Womb, as was fuppofed, with this Medicament, froth whom it brought away with a kind of impetus or Violence about = Gallons of Waters; a Decoftion of this Root, ts of the Blue Flowerdeluce, and Fennel Roots in Water or Wine being ufed for fome time has been Fund of admirable ufe for the cure of thefe kind of Dropfies of the Belly, and Dodoneus
XL allet made of the young*Sprouts. \t is prepared as are thofe of A/paragus, and eaten in the fame manner, and fo eaten the faid Sprouts open Obftructions of Liver, Spleen, Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, cleanfing thofe parts of Foeculencies, but
+f
Effence, or Deco€tion of the Roots in Se€&. 9. and 10. aforegoing. :
XII. Brooms or Befoms. . Formerly Hufwives made ufe of this Plant to make Befoms of to fweep the Houfe, from whence came the Name Scopa Reis, as being ufed alfo in Kings Chambers, but now thro’ the Revolution of Times they are changed to Brufhes, forscleanfing Butchers Stalls, from whence came the Name of Butchers-Broom. ;
XII. The Decottion of Leaves and Berries in Wine. -This, according to Diofcorides, has all the fame Effetts with the Decostion of the Roots, but in my Opinion the Preparation of the Roots is much the morespowerful,
Ill. The Defcriptions. The fixf?,- or Common KnotgrafS. It bas a Root which as reddifh, fmall, fhort, and round, abiding all Winter, and putting forth anew every Year, it comes up with many long flender Branches, full of Joints, lying upon Ground, with many long and narrow Leaves fet thereon, one for the moft part at a Joint, on which Branches, efpecially from the middle upwards come forth Flowers, which are fo finall, that for the moft part they are not feen or difcerned, but in fome they are white, in others of a whitifh Pur- = ple Color, which afterwards turn into very fmall 4 {quare Seed, like unto Sorre/ Seed, where note, that _ os the Joints have commonly a fmatl white Skin, which hee covers them. ae
CHAP. CCCCXVIIL
of KNOTGRASS, OR, SWINESGRASS.
LPC HE Names. It is called in Greek Mord vier,
Le quod multgs genubus crefcit, in Arabick Ba- fia Trikegi. in Latine Polygonum, Sanguinaria, San- guinalis, Seminalis, Proferpinaca, in Enghfh Knot- grafs, Swinesgrafs, and Birdstongue.
Il. The Kinds. Authors make feven feveral forts of this Plant, viz. 1. Meavyovov dppov, Polygonum Mas, Polygonum vulgare majws, Polygonum Mafculum, Our Greater or mon KnotgtafS. 2. Po/ygonum vulgare minus, The Leffer Common Knotgrafs. +3. Polygonum mirtus bréviore Folio, Small fhort Leaved| up m Knotgrafs, this Bewbinws in his Pinax takes to be Cou Polygonum Mafculum Fruticofum Thalij in his Har- eynia Sylva, alfo the Sedum minimum Arborefcens Vermiculatum Lobelij. 4. he sw Saxatile Bau- bini, Stone or Rock Knotgrafs. 5. Polygonum AMa- rinum majus © maximum Lobelij, Polygonum Mari- num primum Lugdunenfis & Dalechampij, Polygonum Marinum Latifolium Baubini, The Greater or Broad Leaved Sea Knotgrafs. 6. Polygonum Marinum minus, Polygonum Marinum alterum Dalechampij, Polygonum Maritimum Anguftifolium Baubini, The Leffler or Narrow Leaved Sea KnotgrafS. 7. Poly-
whiti~h mealy Color undérnegth, at the Fa ft ¥3, re ther, and after them all seeds Vil. The Aifih, or Greater broad Le od Sea I pat. It bas a Root which #% fom hy ack, long, and fomething woody. many and much larger Branches Foints, and lying’ on the G
» : *
q
2S ee
=
clofe together, with Leaves thereon, fomething like to the Common Kind, but thicker, a little fhorter, and broader, and of a dark greén color above, and whiter underneath, the Flowers Faces! at the Foints in the Jame manner, having /mall white Skins, which cover the Foints, tebich in fome are alfo of a white, in others of a-purplifh color, after which come fmall Seed, inclofed in wbitifh shining Skins, the tafte of the Plant, and of every part thereof, # aftringent, but fomewhat Jalt withal,
Ill. The fixib, or Lefer or Narrow Leaved Sea KnotgrafS. Ir bas a Root which is long, black, and woody, with a few Fibres adjoining thereto: This leffer Kind has longer Stalks than the laff, and ¢o- vered with a-reddifh Bark, alfo more divided into Smaller Branches, having fewer Fouts on the great- er Stalks, but the Branches aré thick, and fet with Smaller Leaves than the former, which are fomething fat, and thick, long, and narrow, like the firft Com- mon Kind, the Flowers are fmall and whitifh, and the Seed is much like that of the fifth Kind.
IX. Nota. Whereas the firft great fort is called before in this Chapter Mas, or the Male Kind, that feems to befpeak a Female Kind alfo, but there is indeed no Female Species of Knotgrafs, for that which fome Authors call Polygonum Femina, or Fe- mineum, is one of the Kinds of Eguifeta, or Horfe- tails, as being likeft unto them, although not rough, but differing totally iri form from Polygonum, or Kzotgra/s, fox which reafon we take no farther no- tice of it in this Chapter.
X. The Places. The firft, or great Kind, as al- fo the fecond, or leffer, grow almoft every where, and in every County in England, as well by the Foot Ways in Fields ds on the fides of High Ways which ate green, by the fides of old Walls, and on the borders of Fields, where in fOme places it even overfpreads them; the third and fourth grow on higher Grounds, on Gravelly, Stony, and Rock places, er Hills and Mountains; the two 1 grow in Salt Marfhy Grounds, and by the Sea fide in many places.
XI. The Times. They come forth late in the Spring, and continue all the Summer, Flowerin and ing in the mean feafon, and fo endure til Winter, in which Seafon all their Branches perith.
XII. The Qualities. They are cold in the firft degree, and dry in the fecond, Aftringent, Abfter- a eee Traumatick, Nephritick, and Alexi-
P ick.
XIII. The Specification. Knotgrafe is a peculiar thing againft {pitting of Blood, and all fluxes of Blood in any part, Bloody Flux, and other Fluxes of the Bowels, the Gonorrhoea in Men and Whites in Women, mig being premifed) heat and ig Fe of Urine, alfo the Strangury, or ftoppage of Urine, cools Inflamations, cures Wounds, and Cleanfes and heals old and filthy Ulcers, &c.
XIV. The Preparations. You may have there- from 1. A Liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decottion in Whne or Water, 4. A Pouder of the Herb, 5. A Diftilled Water. 6. A Balfam.
The Virtues.
XV. The Liquid Fuice. It is cooling, drying, and binding, and is He | effeftual to ftay any bleed- ing at Mouth or Nofe being drank in Steeled or Red Port Wine, and being applied to the Forehead or Temples, as alfo fquitted L, the Noftrils with a
t
Syringe, it is no lefs effeCtual to cool and temper
the heat of Blood, or of thé Stomach, and to ftop any finx of Blood or ee either of the Belly,
’
as Lasks, or Bloody Fluxes, fluxes of cholerick and fharp Humors, or of the Womb, as the overflowing of the Terms in Women, and the. Whites, or of the Spermatick parts, as_the running of the Reins, &c. Dofe four Spoontuls, it cures running Ulcers of the Ears. é
XVI. The ate It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, - befides which, if it is given before the Fit of an Ague comes, whether Tertian or Quartan, it is faid to determine it, and cure the fame, it is alfo fingular good to provoke Urine when it is ftop- ped, as alfo when it pafles away by drops and with pain, which is called the Strangury, it takes away the heat and fharpnefS thereof, and is faid power- fully to expel the Stone, Gravel, Sand, Urine, and other Tartarous Matter from the Reins, Uret and Bladder; it is a Sovereign Remedy to cool al manner of Inflamations, to ftop the progref$ of Az- thonies-Fire, or any other breakings forth of heat, and gives eafé in all hot Swellings and Apoftems, and prevents the future burning, fretting and eating of dangerous, old, running and gangrenous Sores and Ulceis, yea, tho” in the Privy parts of Men or bikerooy refitti dy Humors wer * ite one cooling them, and drying up the hot, > an moift joer which caufes them to be ‘ntanied, Dofe two or three ween in fome proper Vehi- cle Morning and Night.
VII. The Decottion in Water or Wine. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not altoge- ther fo ftrong or effeftual, and therefore is to be given in larger Dofes, as from a quarter of a Pint to half a Pint, or more. The Vinous Decoftion is
ood for thofe who are ftung or bitten by Scorpions, Serpent. or other Venomous Creatures; and the fame is very effettual to ftop all detluxions of Rheum falling upon the Stomach or Lungs; it kills alfo Worms in Stomach or Belly, and eafes all in- ward pains of the Bowels arifing from heat, fhar nefs, and corruption of Humors, as the Colick, ee
XVill. The Pouder of the Herb or Seed, It is good againft the Stone, Gravel, Sand, and Tartar- ous Matter in the Urinary Se being drank to a Dram or more Morning and Night in Wine for ma- ny days together; applied outwardly to bleeding Wounds, or other fluxes of Blood, it preféntly ftops it, and if it is a fimple Wound conduces to its {pee dy healing.
XIX. The Diftilled Water. It has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, and Deco€tion, but nothing near fo powerful as either of them, being taken by it felf to four or five Ounces it is efteCtual to all the Purpofes aforefaid, and is a very excellent thing to cool all forts of Inflamations, proceeding ftom what caufe or in what part of the Body foever, —
XX. The Balfam, It fpeedily cures all fimple green Wounds, by refifting the Hux of Blood, and confolidating their lips; it itrengthens weak Joints, comforts the Nerves and Tendons, and is prevalent againft the Gout, being duly and rightly applied Morning and Evening.
XXI. Nora. It has been obferved that the Sea Kinds of Kvotgrafs have not been fo cooling and operative in the above enumerated Difeafes as the Common Kinds, by reafon of their abundant faline {ubftance, yet effettual in feveral Cafes where there is need of greater penetration, and therefore a Cata- plafm made thereof and applied has been found much more effeftual againft the Gout.
* - a -—_.. + 7. —Rra
_ Milk, from the effect, which was to make Milk
396 Salmon’s Herbal. ‘Lib. I.
Jmall, brown, fquare, upright Stalks, three Feet or more high, fometimes branched forth into divers parts, full of Foints, and with feveral very fine fmall Leaves at every one of them, little or nothing rough at all, at the tops of the Branches grow many long Tufts of yellow Flowers, very thick Te together, one above another, from the feveral Foints, which confift of four fmall Leaves apiece, and fmell fomewhat
rong or refinous, but not unpleafant, the Seed is Jmall and black, like Poppy Seed, two for the moft part joined togetber, fome of the Branches leaning down to the Ground take root at their Joints, where- by it much increafes. te!
IV. Gerard thus defcribes it. It bas a fmall and thready Root, from which come forth fmall, round, even Stalks, weak and tender, creeping hither ana thither upon the Ground, on which do grow ver ae Leaves, cut into {mall parts, finer than ihofe of ill, fet at certain fpaces, as thofe of Woodrooft, among which come forth Flowers of a alee color in clufters or bunches, thick thruft together, of a firong Sweet fmell, but not 4 oh foes ee V. The fecond, or Our Common white Flowered
i . It has a Root which is fibrous or
thready, and abiding all Winter, and the whole Plant
CH A P. CCCCXIX.
of LADIESBEDSTRAW, et OR, CHEESERENNET.
La HE Names. Mt is called in Greek Tdaroy,
and Yéasr, and, as Diofcorides fays, of fome garter, and aadeov, and was fo called from. 2A,
turn into a Curd when they fet it to make Cheefe, for which it ferves very well, in Latine Gallium, and in Exglifh Ladies-Bedftraw, Cheefe-Rennet, and Maidshair.
I]. The Kinds. Authors make fix or feven Kinds of this Plant, or more, but becaufe feveral of them are not to be met withal in Eg/and or our Planta- tions abroad, we fhall only defcribe the five follow- ing, viz. 1. Gallium, & Gallium luteum, Our Com- mon Ladies-Bedftraw. 2. Gallium album Camerarij €7 Peng, Mollugo, Mollugo vulgatior Lobelij, Galli- um tertium Tragi, Mollugo prima Dodonei, Lugdu- nenfis, €7 Tabernamontani, Our Common white Flowered Ladies-Bedftraw. 3. Mol/ugo Montana Dodonei, Clufij, Lobelij; Lugdunenfis, Thalij, & Tabernamontani, Rubia Sylvatica altera Gefneri, White Flowered Mountain Ladies-Bedftraw. 4. Gallium Flore rubro, Gallium Flore nigro purpureum Montanum Tenuifolium Clufij & Columne, Red Flowered Ladies-Bedftraw. 5. Gallium Montanum Creticum, Gallium Americanum vel Floridianum, Candia or American Ladies-Bedftraw.
ving, that the Branches are fo weak, that unlefst
things xear which it grows, it will lye down upon the Ground, and the Leaves are fmaller and narrower, yet not fo fmall as the firft with yellow Howers, the Flowers are alfo fmall and white, but not plentifully abounding : Some Authors make.a fmaller fort here- of, which is not a proper Species, for upon tranfplant- ing it willgrow as great as the other.
VI. Gerard deferibes this fecond fort thus, La- dies-Bedftraw with white Flowers # /ike unto Clea- vers or GoofegrafS in Leaves, Stalks, and manner of growing, yet nothing at all rough, but fmooth and Soft ; the Flowers are white, the Seed round, the Roots flender, creeping within the Ground , the whole Plant climbs upon Bufhes, Shrubs, and all other like things which are near unto it, otberwife it grows not upright, but falls to the Ground.
VII. The third, or White Flowered Mountain La- dies-Bedftraw. It bas a Root which a black, and very fibrous or thready, from whence fhoot forth a number of flender and weak Stalks, which yet fland upright of themfelves, direttly branching forth into many parts, fo that it feems to be a pretty well fpread Buh, having many fhorter and broader fmooth green Leaves fet at the Foints than any of the former, or the next which follows, the Flowers ave very mall and white, flanding at the tops of the Branches, more thick or plentifully fet than the following with red Flowers, which being paft away turn into fmall, black, round Seed.
VIII. The Gerard fays that it és called Mollu and bas Stalks which need not be propped up, but it felf flands upright, and is like unto_our fecond
y 2» G0 Dy Or ee OS \}} atrtsthyh a . md 3 t), ) Ore how 3 Joy.
eae A
aw, but that it bas a fmoother Leaf.
IX. The fourth, or Red Flowered Ladies-Bed- ftraw. Its Root is of a reddifh color, but greater than the firft Common Kind, creeps not, abiding Years and not perifhing: The Plant is fma has flenderer and lower Stalks than the firft et divided into many Branches, at whofe tand four, five, or fix long Leaves, and not dark a green Color as the firft, the Flowersa {Il. The Defcriptions. The fir/t, or Our Com-|a red color, not fo thick cluftering or fet to mon Ladies-Bedftraw. It has a Root which is red-\as thofe of the firft Kind, and conttt of four: difh, baving many {mall Fibres or Threads fafined | pointed Leaves, with a yellow Pointel in them to it, which take ftrong hold of the Ground, and \dle, but five or fix or more growing, tog creep a little alfo, from this Root rife up feveral |tops of the Branches; which afterwards
When iff Ladies Bedstrant
is in all things like to that next to be defcribed, fe be fuftained by Trees, Bufbes, Hedges, or other
ea or Common White Flowered Ladies-Bed-
xa
Le " : be 44
z
ry *
¢ ’ .
sare Baer ni
Chap. 419... Exglifh Herbs. 597 {mall black Seed, like the firft. Co/umna will have Gallium nigra purpureum Montanum, &c. to be a differing Species from this mow defcribed, but they feem to me to be all one Kind, the Flower being in fome places only a little darker, but in ail other particulars alike.
X. Gerard fays this fourth or Red Flowered La- dies-Bed{traw has been taken for a Kind of Wild Madder, but it truly a Kind or Species of Ladies- Bedftraw, or Cheefe-Kennet, as ap both by its Qualities of turning Milk into Curds, as alfo by its form, being in each refpe&t like unto the Gallium luteum, or Our Common Ladies-Bedftraw, and differs in the color of the Flowers, which are of a dark red color, with a yellow Pointel in the middle confift- ing of four fall Leaves.
I. The fifth, or Candy or American Ladies-Bed- ftraw. It grows like the firft, or Common, or Yel- low Ladies-Bedftraw , but much leffer, yet with greater Roots and Branches. It is a more effetual Rennet than any of the former, kot and aftringent, Stopping Eluxes of Blood.
- XII. The Places. The firft and fecond grow fie- quently in many places in this Land, in Meadows and Paftures both wet and dry, as alfo by Hedge fides, the firft grows alfo upon Sunnie Banks near the borders of Fields, in fruitful Soils almoft every where; the fecond grows in Marfh Grounds, and other moift places; the third grows on Hills and Mountains and in Hedges among Bufhes in moft laces; the fourth-grows on Mountainous and Hil- y places in Germany, and was fent to us ftom Strasburgh, fince which it is nurfed up with us in Gardens; the fifth grows in Candy, and in feveral re of America upon the Foridian Continent, in everal places of which I have often found it.
XIU. The Times. They all Flower early, viz. in May, except the Red Flowered, which Rimes in Fune, and the Seeds are ripe'in Fume, Fuly, and Auguft; but Gerard fays they Flower moft of the Summer Months.
XIV. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the firft degree, Aftringent, Abfterfive, and Traumatick or Vulnerary , they are alfo Nephritick, Lithontrip- tick, and Arthritick.
XV. The Specification. Ladies-Bedftraw is a pe- culiar thing to {top bleeding inwardly, or at Nofe, to heal inward or outward Wounds, to help burning with Fire and fcalding with Water, to {trengthen the Nerves, Tendons, and Joints, give eafe in the Gout, to help the Strangury, and to fret and break the Stone.
XVI. The Preparations. You may have there- from, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. A Decottion. 3. A
Pouder of the Root. 4. A Nafale of Herb and Flow- ers. 5. An Ointment. 6. Cheefe Rennet.
or galled thereby ; and for fuch whofe much and long Running caufes not only Wearinefs, but Stiff- : | nefs in the Nerves and Joints; for all which things
this Decoftion ufed as. hot as it can be well endu- red, is very available. It is alfo good againft Scurf;
Morphew, Dandriff, dry Scabs, Itchings, and othet like Defecdations of the Skin, chiefly in infants.
‘ XIX. The Pouder of the Root. \t may be taken to one Dram in choice Canary, Madera, or othet like generous Wines ; and as. Diofcorides writes, it provokes Venery or Bodily Luft, as doalfo the Pous der of the Flowers, taken in the fame Dofe and Manner Morning and Night, or two or three times
a Day. XX, The Nafale of the Herb and Flowers. They being bruifed, and put up the Noftrils, are faid to ; {top a vehement Hemorrhage in thoft Parts ; and it may be fo much the better, if fome of their Juice be firft fhuft up, or fyringed in, XXI. The Ointment. Ir ss made by boiling the ] bruifed Herb and Flowers in Oil Olive to Crifpness | and ftraining out, and fo repeating this Work three ~ or four times, then adding a little Bees-wax to bring it to a Confiftency : But tome advife it to be made’ with Hogs- * 4 Or you may make am Oil thus: Put the bruifed Herb and Flowers into pure Oil O- live, and infolate till the Oil becomes white: prefs all out, and ia! this Work three or four times,
and (train out for Ufe: but it is fooner done by boils ing the bruifed Herbs and Flowers in the Oil to Crifpnefs, frou out by preffing, and repeating the Work three times more , then ‘firaining out the clear Oil, keep it for Ufe. tis good againft Burn- ings with Fire, and Scalding with Water, and is good to be anointed upon Limbs and Joints, which are weak, and become {tiff with Walking, for it {trengthens the Nerves, Tendons and Joints. It dg alfo againft Scurff, Morphew, Mange, dry
bs, and the Itchings and Gallings of Children, and other Deformities of the Skin. Applied alfo tothe Parts affected, it gives Eafé in the Gout, and other like Pains; and by Continuation of the Ap- plication, cures the fame.
XXIL. The Cheefe-Rennet. It is made of the bruifed Herb, by iqueezing out its Juice, being firlt moiftened with a little choice Canary or Sherry, to which a quarter part of Spirit of Wine is firft added. Or thus: Take the exprefled. Juice, defecate it by fettling, or clarify it with Whites of Eggs: toa quart of this prepared Juice, put Sherry Wine four ounces, firft mixt with Spirit of Wine two ounces : mix them, digeft fome Days, then decant the clear, and keep it for Ufe. But many Country People make ufe of the fimple Juice only. Matthiolus fays, That the People of Tu/cany do ufe to Turn their Milk with it, that the Cheefe which they make of Sheep and Goats Milk, may be the fweeter, and the more pleafant in Tafte, and alfo more wholefome, as to break the Stone, &%¢. And the Che/hire Wo- men, efpecially thofe about Nantwich, where the beft Cheefe is made, do ufé it in their Renner, (viz. by putting the bruifed Herb into their Rennet-bags ; ) much more efteeming of that Cheefe which is madg¢ with it, than of that which is made without it,
The Virtues.
XVII. The liquid Fuice. It is powerful to pro- voke Urine, to help the Strangury, to break the Stone, and to expel Gravel, Sand and Tartarous Matter from the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, being taken two or three Ounces at a time, two or three times a Day, in a Glaf$ of pure White Port Wine. The fame drank = to {top inward Bleeding and the overflowing of the Terms in Women, as alfo to sen inward Wounds, by its heating and drying Qua- ties. XVI. The Decoffion of Herb and Flowers in a Wine or Water. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, but is much weaker. It is good to bathe the of Travellers in, who are wearied and tired with Travel, and whofe Feet are fwoln, or bruifed,.
XXIII. Nota. The Ancients thought the Gallium album,or White-flowered Ladies Bed-firaw, to have no Virtues,or to be of no Ufe. But Clu/ius fays, That in Auftria, Hungaria, and othet places of Germany, the People have found it by Experience to be gocd to ftrengthen the Arteries, Nerves, Tendons and
oints, thofe Parts being bathed either with the uice, Decoétion or Rennet made thereof; and that it takes away Wearinefs and Weaknefs after Travel- ling, and eafes Pains caufe by Cold, Over-walking,
==es 4 SS
Blows,
av Tama
. el
ees ad
598 Salmons Herbal. ~~ Lib.
Blows, or Over-ftraining. Parts affe&ted with the Gout, being well bathed with the Rennet made thereof, Morning and Night, as hot as it can be en- dured, cures the Pain, in a fhort time eafes the Difeafe ; but it is much mote effeftual,if after Bath. ing, a Cataplafm be applied, made of the Juice or Rennet, (of any of the Kinds of Ladies Bed-ftraw ) by bringing it to a Confiftence with fine Barley- flower, or Crums of White-bread, mixed with a little Oil of he amp or Oil of Ben, the Appli- = being made as hot as the Patient can well en-
ure.
ing together, opening the Brims into fix or eight fmall Leaves, fpreading like a Star, very fweet of Smell, or rather of a {trong heady Scent, which af- ter turn in blackifh flattifh Seed, plumed at the Head, which Plume or Feather flies away with the Wind, after it has ftood long, arid leaves the Seed. naked or bare.
CHAP. CCCCXX.
Of LADIES--BOWER, OR, CLIMERS.
Z
=< Ss 7 JY an
\
LP HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kanams : . in Latin, Clematis, and in Englifh, Ladies- Bower, Virgins-Bower, and Climer.
Il. The Kinds. Authors make many forts here-
of, fome of which grow not in England, nor in any ef our Englifh Plantations : thofe which are to be had with us; are the following, 1. Clematis urens, Clematis altera flore albo, Clematis altera Diofcori- dis, Clematis peregrina, Ladies-Bower, or Virgins- Bower Burning, Burning Climer, or Cauftick Cli- mer. 2. Clematis peregrina, vel Clematis altera pg sel flore fimplici rubro ; Red Ladies-Bower, or Virgins-Bower, or Single red-flowered Climer. 3. Clematis peregrina flore fimplici purpureo , Single purple Ladies-Bower, or Single purple-towered Climer. 4. Clematis peregrina flore purpureo pleno , Double purple-flowered Ladies or Virgins Bower, Double purple-Howered Climer. 5. Clematis Ma- ritima repens Baubini, Creeping fiety Sea Climer. 6. Clematis Virginiana, The Virginian Ladies-Bower, or Climer, which the Natives call Maracoc. 7. Fammula Fovis furrefa ox eretla, Klammula frutex, Clematis eretta or furrela, Upright Ladies-Bower, or Virgins-Bower. Here is to be noted, That the Sixth or Virginian Kind, is called by the Spaniards in the Weft Indies, Granadillus, or Granadillo, be- caufe the Fruit is in fome fort like a fimall Pomgra- nate on the outfide, yet the Seed within is flattifh, round and blackifh.
IV. The fecond, or Red Ladies or Virgins Bower, or Single red-Hlowered Climer. Its Roots are a Bun- dle of ftrong brownifh yellow Strings, running down deep into the Earth from a large Head above. This Climer has many limber and weak climing Branches, like the former, covered with a brown thin outward ~ Bark, and green underneath. The Leaves ftand at. the Joints, confifting but of three Leaves or Parts, whereof fome are notched on one fide, and fome on both, without any clafping Tendrel, as the former, but winding with its Branches about any thing which ftands next it. The Flowers in like mannet come from the fame Joints with the Leaves, but not fo many together as the former, upon — {talks, vonkiting of four Leaves apiece, ftanding like a CrofS, of a dark red Colour. The Seed is flat and round, and pointed at the end; three or i four or more ftanding clofe together upon one Stalk, without any down upon them at all, as in the for-
mer. .
V. The third, or Single purple Ladies-Bower, or Single purple-flowered Climer. This is like to the former in its Roots, Stalks, Branches, Leaves, Flow- ers and Seed, and differs from the former in this only, that the Color hereof is of a fad bluifh put-
le : So that the one is not poffible to be . om the other, till they come to the Seafon of Flowering. eM
VI. The fourth, or Double putple-flowered dies or Virgins Bower, or Double purple-flowe Climer. ‘This in its Root, Branches and Lea does fo near refemble the Single Kinds, that nc ference can be known between them, but i Particulars, viz. that this grows more
/ cw Le
IIL The Defcriptions. The firft, or Ladies- Bower, or Virgins-Bowet Burning, or Burning Cli- mer. The Root is white and thick, flefhy and tender, or eafy to be broken, infomuch that one can Pawhis. handle it ( tho very tenderly ) without danger of breaking it. This Cauftick or Burning Climer, has very long and tender climing Branches, yet fome- thing woody below, which wind about thofe things which ftand near it, covered with a brownifh green Bark ; from the Joints of which fhoot forth many winged Leaves, confifting for the moft part of five fingle Leaves, viz. two and two together, and one at the end, which are a little cut in, or notched on the edges here and there; but every part of them is leffer than the Leaves of the next following Climer, without any clafping Tendrels, to winde about any next adjacent thing. Towards the upper part of the Branches, with the faid Leaves, come forth long Stalks, on which ftand many white Flowers clufter-
re
WR oe 'g }
ee’
: « 2 ad ; - ' * Chap: 420. Exgh/b Herbs. 599 great, and yields both more {tore of Branches from | the Points of them a little, and are of a reddifh the Ground, and. mote fpreading above : alfo that| Peach Color: towards the bottoms likewife of the Flower in this is very thick and double, confift- | thefe white Leaves, there are tevo red Circles, about ing of 4d number of fmaller Leaves, fet clofe toge-| the Breadth of an Oaten Straw, one fomething di- ther, in order, in the middle, the four outermoft | ftant from another, which adda great Grace to the . Leaves which ehconipaf$ them, being much bréader | Flower ; cag in fome, Flowers there is but one of L and larger than any of the inward, but all of a dull} thefe Circles feen:) By their means the white i or fad bluifh purple Color ; the Points or Ends of | Leaves fhéw their Color thro’ the Peach-colored
the Leaves feeming a little darker than the middle | Threads ; and thefe red Circles or Rings upon them of them. This bears no Seed, fo far as has yéc been | being perfpicuous, make a tripartite Shew of Colors {een or heard of from any Perfon of Credit, notwith- | very delightful. _The middle part of this Flower is: ftanding the Affirmations of fome falfé and ignorant | hollow, and ygllowifh ; in the bottom of which Gardeners, which affirm the contrary. rifes up an Umbone, or round Stile, fomewhat big, . _ VIL The fifth, or Creeping fiery Sea Climer. It | of a whitith green Color, {potted with reddith Sports, Spreads abroad many creeping, pliant, jointed and | like the Stalks of Dragons, with five round Threads crefied Branches, about two Feet long, covered with | or Chives, {potted in like manner, and tipt at the _ avery dark green Bark, ftom whence fhoot forth | ends with yellow Pendents, Being about the mid- many winged Leaves, g little dented about the|dle pare of the faid Umbone or Stile, and from edges, very like unto the Flammula Fovis eretfa in| thence rifing higher, ends in three long crooked
Set?. 9. following, confifting of five Leaves, but moft | Horns moft ufually, (and fometimes in four, as AZ commonly of three upon a Stalk, being narrower,| diaws in his Farnefian Garden obferved at Rome ) harder and Yonger pointed’: at the ends whereof | {potted like the reft, having three round Buttons at comes forth a fmall clafping Tendrel ; but thofe| their ends. Thefe Flowers are of a comfortable, which grow up higher bo the Stalks, and nearer } pleafanr, fweet Smell, and very acceptable, but pe- unto the tops, where the Flowers do ftand, are much | rifh without yielding Fruit with us, becaufe of the
‘fimaller and narrower. The Flowers come forth | fo late Flowering : but in the natural place, and in many together, as in the other, fet upon long Foor-| hot Countries, it bears a fmall round whitith Fruir; {talks, which are white and with many hairy Threads| with a Crown at the top thereof, in which is con- in their middle. After they are pafled away, many | tained ( whilft it is frefh, or not over-drtied) a fweet round, Hat, reddifh Seed are produced, fimaller than] Liquor; but when it is dry, the Seed within it is in fome others, three or four upon a Stalk together, | fmall, Hat, black, and fomewhat rough, and will plumed with a white Feather at the Head of each] make a rattling Noife. . ofthem. The whole Plant is hor and fharp, like unto the others. .
VIL. The fixth, or The Virginian Ladies-Bower or Climer. Its Root is compofed of a number of ex- ceeding long and round, yellowifh brown Strings, Spreading far abroad under the Ground, fometimes as long as any Roots of Sarfaparilla, and a great deal
bigger, which to be conveniently and cleverly laid in
the Ground, muft be coiled up like a Cable : and thefe
: Roots, by fhooting up in feveral places, a good di-
flance one from another, make a gréat Encreafe of the Species. This noble and much defired Plant
rifes out of the Ground very late in the Year, about the beginning of May, if it is a Plant which has
{prung up from the Seed of our own Sowing ; but if it is an old one, fuch as has been brought to us trom Virginia, not till the end of May. It fprings up with a round Stalk, not above a Yard and half high, or thereabouts with us, but in hotter Coun- tries, as fome Authors fay, much higher ; bearing one Leaf at every Joint, which from the Ground to
the middle thereof, has no Clafpers ; biit from thence
b * _ upwards, has at the fame Joint with tlie Ledf} both
a fall twining Clatper, like unto a Vine, and a & Flower alfo. Every Leaf is broad at the Stalk i thereof, and divided about the middle on both fides, eh, making it fomewhat refemble a Fig-Leaf, ending in “three Points, of whicli the middlemoft is longeft. The Bud of the Flower, before it does open, is very like unto the Head or Seed-Veffel of, the Ordinary Single Nigella, having at the Head or Top five fimall crooked Horns, which when this Bud opens, are the é Ca. Ends or Points of five Leaves, which are white on j the infide, and lay themfelves flat, like unto an A- . nemone or Wind-flower, and are a little hollow, like} 1X: The feventh, or Upright Ladies-Bower, a a Scoop, at the end, with five other fmaller Leaves,| Virgins-Bower. Its Root fpreads in the Ground and whiter than they, lying between them, which| from a thick Head, into many long Strings, and fa- were hid in the Bud before it opened , fo that this | fens it felf frongly in the Earth. From this Head. Flower, being full blown open, confifts of ten white |‘of Roots {pring more upright Stalks than in any-of Leaves, ‘laid in order, round, one-by another : from | the former, which grow to be fometimes four or five _ the bottom of thefe Leaves on the infide, rife up| Feet high or more, yet leaning or bending’a little, feveral twined Threads, which {pread and lay them-] fo that it has fome need of {uftaining, which are co- felves all over thefe white Leaves, reaching beyond} vered with a brownifh Bark ; from i ara a orth
vi 4
\
a
600. Salmons Herbal. «Lab L
diftilled Water of the fame. 4. The Liguer of the Virginian Climer. -5. A Cataplafm of ze Cline
The Virtues.
XV. The Pouder of the Seed. Given to.a Scru- ple or halfa Dram, more or lef, in fair Water or in Mead, it is faid to purge Choler, Flegm, and watery Humors. -*
XVI. The Oil by Infolation or Boiling. It cures Aches and Cramps, Sciatica’s, and other Pains co- ming of Cold: it is alfo good againft the Stone, and provokes Urine, fome {mall quantity of it be- ing taken inwardly in any proper Vehicle. Italfo . takes away Scurff, Morphew, Scabs, Leprofy, and other Deformities of the Skin, by anointing there-
with.
XVII. The diftilled Water of the Upright Ladies- Bower. - It clears the Skin of Defcedations, and is effeftual againft any cold Griefs in any part of the
Body.
XVI. The Liquor of the Virginian Climer. ‘This Liquor within the Fruit, is very pleafant to the Talte, as if Musk or Ambergrife were mixed with it: and having a little Acidity with it, it does nor cloy the Stomach, tho’ it be taken in large quantity, nor gives any bad Symptom, but is faid rather to move the Belly downwards, and make it foluble. ape oi us oe Nie of i deg feem to me to en Hyperbolically, for by Experience nothing ak pat been obferved thereof! But he fays, that the Leaves of the Plant have a fomniferous Property, and fimell like to Night/bade, having (as he thinks) fome deleterious or deadly Quality in them, becaufe it kills Flies which reft thereon.
XIX. The Cataplafm of the Leaves of the other Burning Climers. Being applied to the Sciatica or Gout, or any Pain in other Parts proceeding from. Cold, it cures them, being cautioufly ufed ; for it quickly Blifters.
XX. Nota. Matthiolus fays, that the Pouder of the Leaves of the Upright Ladies-Bower, being pre- ared and given, helps againft a Quartan Ague. Lcomeees, all the other C/imers may ferve very well to make Arbors in Gardens and Orchards, or other like places for Pleafure ; for to thofe Parpofes they are moft fit, if any pleafé to Plant them.
The Stalks die away every Year, and {pring again aftefh in the beginning of the next. a
~ A INS Wee ‘ Sh
XK. The Places. Thefe Plants delight to grow in the Sun, and profper better in a fruitful Soil than in a barren... The firft four grow in our Exg/i/h Gar- dens, where they flourith much. The fifth, Bawhine fays, grows in many places of the Adriatick Sea Shore, and in Iflands thereabouts belonging to the Venetians. The fixth grows not wild in Eng/and,
but fourifhes well"in, our Gardens. The feventh, %. which is the furpafling Delight of all Flowers, came LAD MATE aL, “ Shehee Chap. to us fiom Virginia, and now is become a free De-|T A DIES LACE, fee Grafs, Chap.a97. Selbaal.
nizen of England, by being planted in our Nurferies LADIES--GLASS fee Violet Corn, Chap. or Gardens. hi |
XI. The Times. They alk flower in the end of Fune or Fuly, and fometimes in Auguft, and per- fet their Seed in September. The Virginian Climer flowers in Auguft, yet fometimes, tho’ not often in Fuly, but perte€ts no Seed here.
XI. The Qualities. They are all hot and dry in the fourth Degree ; Cauftick and Buming, or Bli- {tering the Skin.
CHAP. CCCCXXL © of LADIES-MANTLE, |
XU. The Specification. Authors fay they are oO RSs Me ai peculiar againft Scurff, Morphew, Scabs, Leprofy, ee and other Defcedations of the Skin, but are not fate LIONS--FO re) ie ee |
a Fo ae: a
to be taken inwardly, unlef§ to purge Water in Dropfies. "2 IV. The Preparations. Altho’ thefe Plants are] Called alfo, Great S AN ICL never or very feldom ufed in Phyfick, unlef$ in out- Gp. ward Application; yet thefe following Preparations ark have been made of them, viz. 1. A Poxder of the Pe E Names. \t does not appea Seed of the firft or Burning Ladies-Bower, and was known to the ancient Greek the feventh or Upright Ladies-Bower. 2. Am Oi/| Brunfelfius fays it is Aeorrombder, Leomtopodian by Infolation or Boiling of she fame Plants, 3. A\Foot: yet others fay it is nor that which
, ~ r, " ~ . "he 1) ‘
des {peaks of. It is called in Latine, Alchimilla, by moft Writers ; Ste//aria Marthioli, Lugdunenfis,€&c. Pes Leonss, and Pata Leonis ; Drofera, and Drofi-
Chap: 43 Engliph Herbs. 601
Stalks, about fix or feven Inches high. The Flow- ers which grow at tops, are fimaller, but like to the other, according to the Bignefs of the Plant, and of
um Cordi ; Sanicula major, (as much refembling | the fame Herby or green Color.
Sanicle: ) and in Englifh, Ladies-Mantle, Lions- Foot, and Great Sanicle.
IL. Tpe Kinds. Authors make two forts hereof, viz. 1. Alchimilla major vulgars, Stellaria, Sanicu- /a major, Common Ladies-Mantle. 2. Adchimilla
V. The Places. The firft grows naturally in ma- ny Paftures and Wood-fides, both in Hartfordfbiré and Wiltfhire ; as alfo in Kent, as in Kingwood near Feverfham, in the Paftures nigh Tidnam and Chep-
minor, vel Alpina quinguefolia, Five-leaved Ladies- | flow, and in other places of this Land. Gerard
Mantle, or Ladies-Mantle cinkfoil-leaved.
lLadjes= A antde.
v— on aii 7 Zia W
Ill. The Defcriptions. The fr/?, om Common Ladies-Mantle, hax a Root which is fomewhat long dnd black, with many Fibres, and Strings thereat. {t is fomething like to our Common Sanicle, having many Leaves rifing ftom the Root, ftanding upon long hairy Foot-f{talks, being almoft round, but a little cut in on the edges into eight or ten parts, more or lefS, making it feem like a Star, ( whence the Name Stel/aria.) with fo many Corners and Points, and dented round about, of’ a light green Color , fomething hard in handling, and as if it was folded or plaited at firft, and then crumpled in di- Vers pli and a little hairy, as the Stalk is alfo, which rifés up among them, which grows to the
eight of two or three Feet, with a few fuch Leaves thereon, but fmaller, and being weak, is not able to ftand upright, but bends fometimes down to the Ground, divided at the top into two or three Branches, with fmall yellowifh green Heads, and Flowers of a whitifh green Color, breaking out
Of them, which being paft, there comes {inall
yellowith Seed, like unto Poppy Seed.
IV. The fecond, or Five-leaved Ladies-Mantle. It bas a fmall black fibrous Root, from which {pring @ few fmaller and {moother green Leaves, fet upon long Foot-ftalks, but divided at the edges into five
s or Points, and fomething more deeply dent- ed about the Brims than the former : from among Which come forth two or three finall weak bending
fays it grows of it felf Wild in divers places, in the Paftures at Andover, and in other parts of Hamp/hire and Bark/bire, in their Clofes and Copfes, or low Woods ; as alfo upon the Bank of a teat which enclofes a Houfe in Bu/hy, called Bourn-Hall, four teen Miles from London, and in the Highway from thence to Watford, a fimall Mile diffan om it,
The fecond grows on Bernards-Hill in Switzerland,
but is to be found with us only in Gardens.
VI. The Times. The firft flowers in May and .
Fune. The fecond not till Augu/t : but they both
| abide after Seed-time, and flourifh and keep green
all Winter after, as well as in Summer.
VIL. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the fe+ cond Degree ; Ablterfive, Aftringent, Strengthning and Vulnerary.
VIII. The Specification. It is peculiar to ftop Bleeding, whether inward or outward, all Fluxes of the Bowels in Man or Woman; and the Whites, cr WeaknefS of the Womb. It cures Wounds after a moft fingular manner, being one of the moft no- ble Wound-Herbs, being extolled by the Germans with exceeding great Praifé, who never cure any Wound, whether inward or outward, but they give of the Decoétion hereof to drink.
IX. The Preparations. You may make hereof, 1. A liquid Fuice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decotti- on or Infufion. 4. A Pouder of fhe Leaves. 5. A Balfam or Ointmert. 6. ACataplafm. 7. A diftil- led Water. 8. A Spirituows Tingture. 9. An Acid Tindlure. 10. An Oily Tindure.
The Virtues.
X. The liquid Fuice. It is not fo hot as that of Sanicle, and therefore mote fit for thofé Wounds, which are accompanied with Infammation, and fo is more drying, aftringent, or binding and cleanfing. It is effe€tual againft all forts of Bleedings both in- ward and outward, . {tops the Over-flowing of the Terms in Women, and cures the Bloody-flux. as alfo all other Fluxes of the Bowels. Dofe fom two to four or fix Spoonfuls Morning and Night in a Glafs of the diftilled Water, or in Ale or Wine.
XI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the former; befides which, it cures Bruifes by Falls or otherwife, whether inwards or outwards: it heals Ruptures of the Peritoneum, as alfo Ruptures of the Blood-Veffels, which caufe Spitting or Piffing of Blood ; and is a peculiar thing to ftop the Whites in Women, being efteemed more powerful for this Purpofe than mott other things, for which Intenti- on it is not only to be given inwardly by the Mouth, but is alfo outwardly to be applied as an Injettion up the Womb, with a Womb-Syringe. Dofe three or four pn in Red Port Wine, or fome other proper Vehicle, two or three times a Day. inwardly .alfo taken, and outwardly applied to Womens Breafts, which are great and over-much flag, it caufes them to grow lefler and hard. This Eflence being taken for twenty or thirty Days toge- ther, by fuch Women as are Barren, or have a Slip- perinefs of the Womb, ir is {aid to caufe them to Conceive, and to retain the Birth after Conception , for that it drys up the too great Humidity, and fto
Hhhh . the
Oe
Sst ett - oe 4 Sve = . : te a : : 2 602 Salmon’'s Herbal. Lib. 24 the Flux of Humors to the Matrix, and fo {trength- ens the Womb, as to prevent Abortion, reducing it'to a perfe€t Strate of Health: but the Patient _ Ought as well as to take it inwardly by the Mouth, to fit in a ftrong Decoftion thereof Bathwife. __ XIL. The Decottion or Infiifion. ‘This has all the _ Virtues of the Liquid Juice and Effence, but weak- er inits Effetts : however, it may ferve as a Vehi- cle to convey other Preparations of this Herb in, and may be given from four Ounces to eight Ounces or half a Pint. It makes a’good Injettion for hol- low Wounds and Ulcers, cleanfes them, makes them breed Flefh, and brings them toa fpeedy Healing. XU. The Pouder of the Leaves or Root. It is an excellent Styptick, and ftops Bleeding in any Part it is applied to. Inwardly given from half a Dram to a Dram and half, in the Deco€tion, Infu- fion, ‘or diftilled Water, or in Red Port Wine, it has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, Effence, &c. provided it is given Morning and Night for fome confiderable time. Tents may be dipt into the Juice _ or Infufion, and then rouled in this Pouder, and fo
fettually ftops Vomiting, ftrengthens the Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite and a {trong Digeftion :’ but it ftops not Fluxes of the Bowels fo well as. fome of the former Preparations ,; but it therefore - opens the more, and removes Obftru&tions of Sto- mach, Liver, Spleen, and other Bowels. It isa *. . moft excellent thing againft a virulent Gonorrhea in Men, being taken every Day in all that the Patient drinks, whether Ale, Beer, Wine or Water, fo much at a time as to give the Vehicle a pleafing Acidity ; ; and it ought to be fo often taken in a Day that the ee | whole quantity taken may amount to at leaft four or five Spoontuls. XIX. The Oily Tinfure. \t is a famous thing againft a cold Gout, and all Pains or Aches pro- ceeding from a cold Caufe in any Part of the Body, being twice a Day anointed upon the Part for fome time. It is an excellent thing alfo againft Bruifes, Cuts or Punétures of the Nerves and Tendons; for it fuddenly eafes the Pain, and alleviates the Inflam- mation, and thereby induces the Cure, a Plaifter of
the Balfam being alfo laid thereon. Inwardly given, put into any hollow Sore or Ulcer; by which | it gives Eafe in the Colick, expels Winds and o-
_ Means it wonderfully drys up all Humidities of the | pens Obftru€tions of the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
Icer, incarnates it, and induces a {peedy Healing, | der, expelling Gravel, Stones and Sand from thofe yea, altho’ it be fiftulous, with a Flux of Humors | P.
arts, and cleanfing them from any Tartarous Mu- appending ; and abates alfo Inflammations, if any | cilage lodged therein.”
be prefent.
| XIV. The Balfam or Ointment. t is one of the beft of Vulneraries, for it digefts if need be, abfter- Bes or cleanfes, incarnates, drys and heals, almoft toa Miracle : and in fimple green Wounds or Cuts, it has fuch an exquifite Faculty of fpeedy Healing, that it cures it at the firft Intention, confolidating the Lips thereof, without the breeding Matter, or any Danger of breaking out again, by fuffering any Corruption to remain behind. Outwardly applied to the Gout, Sciatica, or other like Pains of the Joints, proceeding from Blows, Over-ftraining, or the jike, it gives Eafe, and fpeedily cures them, ad- ding alfo Strength to the Parr.
Vs The Cataplafm. \t is an excellent thing to be pepe applied: to a fimple green Wound , for it ftops the Atle of Blood, and confolidates the Lips theteof by the firft Intention of Curing. It al- fo allays Intammations coming upon the Joints in the Gout, and gives Eafe in the Pain. Applied to a recent fimple Contufion, it prevents the Afflux of Humors ; difcuffes thofe which are prefent, if any be, and fafely reftores the Part.
XVI. The diftilled Water. Authors fay, that if it is taken continually for twenty Days together, that it cures BarrennefS in Women, viz. fuch as cannot Conceive, or fuch as cannot retain the Con- ception. But doubtlefS the liquid Juice or Effence is much better than this, and therefore either of them may be given in this as a Vehicle, for which it is very proper, and may be given Morning and Night, from four to eight Ounces.
VII. The Spirituows Tinfure. nwardly taken, it warms and comforts the Bowels, ftrengthens the inward Parts, expels Wind, and is an excellent Traumatick, is drying and aftringent, and therefore good againtt all Fluxes of the Bowels, Over-flowing of the Terms, and other Weaknefles of the Genera- tive Parts. It is good to be ufed Dietetically in the |S Cure of ‘Wounds, old Sores, running Ulcers, and Fiftula’s accompanied with Fluxion of Humors : it has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, and may be given Morning and Night, from two Drams 2 three or four, in the diftilled Water, or in Red
ine.
XVIII. The Acid Tin@ure. It has all the Virtues
of the Spirituous Tinfture, but is more Traumatick
or Vulneraty, and more Stomatick, whereby it ef- | lors,
LADIES-NAVEL, /ee Navel-Wort, Chap. vs LADIES-SEAL, /ee Bryony oe Chap. 90. . LADIES-SLIPPER, /ee Hellebor Wild, Chap. 352. DANG de BEIF; /ee Buglofs Wild,
Aap 94.
C H A P. CCCCXXIL
of LARKS-~-SPUR, 4
O R, Ki LARKS--HEEL.
Called alfo, KNIGHT S--S PUR.
LP HE Names. It is called in Latine, Delpbi-
nium, but whether it be the De/pbinium Di- ofcoridis, is very doubtful: it is alfo called, Flos Regius ; Buccinus, Buccinum Romanorum , Cuminum Sylveftre alterum Mattbioli , Cuminum Sylvefire al- terum Diofcoridis ; Calcaris Flos ; Confolida Regalis_ . Sylveftris ; Confolida Regalis peregrina parvo flore Baubini : in Englifh, Larks-Spurs, Larks-Heels, Knights-Spurs ; and Monks-Hood. It has no Greek Name yet known.
Il. The Kinds. Authors make fix Kinds of this
Chap. 42 2.
Larks-Spur Common.
Enghih Herbs. 603
a
than any of the others. The moft ufual Color here- of, is a pale teddifh or blufh Color, yet fometimes they are found both white and blew, and fometimes mixt of blew and bluth, variably difpofed, as Na- ture fometimes pleafes; but thefe are much more rare.
Ill. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Ordinary or Common Larks Heel or Spur, has a Root which is hard after it is run up to Seed, {preating both abroad and deep, yet perifbes every Year, raifing it [elf u- Suall coe us own Sowing, as well as from the oad jose in the Spring time. From this Root rife many Branches, which -{pread much more Ground |- than the others, rather leaning or bending down to the Ground, than ftanding upright ; on which are
fet many long green Leaves, finely cut, almoft like} VI. The ourth, or Spanifh Wild ‘
to Fennel Leaves. The Branches end in a long | bas a Root bth is “Winall and thea ia ah : Spike of hollow Flowers, with a long Spur or Heel rifhing with the fr Cold which overtakes the Pon behind them, (whence the Name) yery like unto|It has feveral long and broad Leaves next the the Flowers of Hollow-Roor, (before defcribed ) and Ground, cut in on both fides, fomething like to are of feveral and various Colours, as of a blewith | Scabions Leaf, but it is finooth on the ed and purple Color, or white, or Ath-color, or red, paler | not indented befides the Cuts’; it is of a whidith or deeper, as alfo party-colored, of two Colors ina | green Color, and fomething fmooth and foft ij Flower. After the Flowers are paft, (which in handling. From among the Leaves rifes up a whitith this Kind abide longer than in the other ) long | green Stalk, having many fimaller L Say Cods come forth, containing very black
eed. ;
IV. The fecond, or Double Common Larks.Spur. of this Common Kind, there is fome Difference in the Flower, altho in nothing elfe : the Flowers grow Many upon a Salk, like the former, but every one of them are as if three or four finall Flowers were joined together, with every one his Spur behind, the greatelt Flower being outermoft, and as it were containing the reft, which are of'a pale red or deep blufh Color. Another of the Kind’ will bear its Flowers with three or four Rows of Leaves in the middle, making a double Flower, with one Spur
in which is black Seed, and fimaller and rounder see the former.
» tbe fifth, or Single upright bearing Larke. Spur of many Colors. The Diese feosica ai and the third, or Wild Larks-Spur aforegoing, is that the Leaves of this are not jal [0 green * nor fo large : the Stalks grow upright to the Height of a Man, and fometimes bigher, having fome Branches
only behind : and of this Kind there is with purple, blew, bluth and white Flowers, as alfo party-color- ed. And thefe all bear Seed like the Single, where. by they are increafed every Year.:
V. The third, or Wild Larks-Spur. Irs Root is much like the former, whence rife up fnaller anid lower Branches, with sfeeatler and fhorter Leaves, and more {perfedly or thinly growing upon them, than upon any of the g es The Flowers likewife are neither fo large as any of the aforegoing, nor fo
bisa growing together: the Cods likewife have
_Amaller Seed, and is harder to grow in Gardens
a : =< ve 2. 41%,
thereon, but fewer than the former. and andi likewife upright, and not ence down as t vai The tops of the Stalks are better ftored with Flow- ers than the other, being fometimes two Feet long and above, of the fame Fafhion, but not altogether fo large, and of feveral and more various Colors as white, pale, blufh, red, deeper and paler, ath- colored, purple or violet, and of an over-worn blewifh purple, or Iron Color. For all thefe we have fimple without any Mixture or Spot. We have alfo other forts among the fimple Colors, which a rich the fame Seed, and will have 2
Flowers
604, Flowers which will be half white, and half blufh or
ae , or elfe variably mixt and fpotted. The Seed and Seed-Veffels are like thofe of the three ‘firft Kinds, but larger and harder.
VIII. The fixth, or Double upright Larks-Spur of many Colors. The/e Double Larks-Spurs cannot be known from the Single of the fame Kind jujt afore defcribed, until they come towards Flowering , for there appear many Flowers upon the Stalks, in the fame manner, and of as many Colors almoft as the Singles except the a gd Abe which ftand like little Double Rofes, laid or fpread open, as the Rofc Columbine, without any Spurs or Heels behind them very delightful to behold, confifting of many {mall Leaves growing together , which after they are fal- len, three or four {mall Cods fet together come uy in theit places, wherein is contained here and ther (for all ate not full of Seed as the Single Kinds ,
fingle and double Flowers again. And it often hap:
into others as Nature pleafes.
TX. An Obfervation. This laft Plant Mr. Rea in his Ceres Chap. 10. fays is only worth the prefer ving ; ahd he defcribes. it thus.
Sends
ate the moft ufual
¢ Pe
Leaves blew, and others
double Flowers.
XK. The Places. ‘The firft, ot Greateft Wild Kinds, grow among Corn in many Countries beyond Sea, but for its Beauty, is brought to us, and nou- The third, or Lefer Wild Kind, grows in feveral Fields of our own Country. The Spanifh Kind was brought to.us in Seeds, and
rifhed in our Gardens.
grow alfo in our Gardens. The firft Double an Single have been common for many Years in a
fare.
XI. The Times. The Spani/h Kind flowers very late, fo that many times in Exg/and the Winter takes The other Kinds The Double Kinds, as well the Upright, as the Wild or Common, are very choice and tender, many times-not yielding The fixth Kind flowers according to the time of fowing it, fooner or later, in Fu/y or Auguft s and many times Plants come up of them- felves from the Seeds fallen out of the Pods before ‘Winter, which have continued and born fair double Flowers in Zune following, which have brought a-
ain much good Seed. The ufual time to Sow thefe eeds in, is the beginning of Apri/: but to get ood Seed, (which is a chief Confideration in thefe lants). you ought to fow them as foon as they are tipe, in fome place where they may be defended from long Frofts in Winter; and one of thefe Win- ter Plants is worth ten of thofe raifed in the Spring, and will yield more good Seed ; yet in fome kindly:
it before it can give ripe Seed. flower in the Summer Months only.
good Seed.
Salmon’s Herbal. ~
oe or one Leaf white, and another bluth: or| well
black Seed, like unto all the reft, but fmaller, which being fown, will bring Plants, which will bear both
ns, that it variably alters in Colors from its own owing ; for none of them hold conftantly its own Color, (fo far.as has yet been obferved ) but change
Double upright Larks-Heel, from a Root which perifbes in Winter soak Small jagged Leaves, tall upright Stalks, branched at top; and bearing many fine double Flow- ers, in Form like to the Rote Columbine, in feveral Plants of as many feveral entire Colors, as Blew, Purple, Afh, White, pale Blufh, Rofe-color; thefe olors, yet fometimes fome Roots will bring Flowers which are ftriped, and va- riegated with blew and white, and often with fome urple; after the Flowers
are paft, come forth fall hornes Pods, which con- tain Seed black and round, and which being fowed, will bring fome Plants with fingle, but moft with
Counties of England , but the tall Upright fingle Kinds have been made Natives but of late Years : and of them all, the Double Kinds ate the moft
a4 ms.
Summers thofe of the Spring will feed reafonably
XIL. Yellow Larks-Heels, called Delpbinium Iya
tcum, which is Nafturtium Indicum, Mt. Rea, in his Ceres, puts into the Claffis of Larks-Spurs, and defcribes them in the following Words. "4 which perifbes in Wimer, fends forth many Spreading long trailing Branches, four or five Feet long, which unlefs fupported, lye on the Ground, and take up much Room. 'The Leaves are fmooth and round; the Flowers of a fair yellow Color, in Fafhion fomething like to a Single Larks-Heel, but the Leaves ftand plainer, and fome of them are itreaked with red. The Flower is fo well known, hat itis needlef$ to be over-curious in defcribing
lerved. XIII. Place and Time. They were firft brought by Monardws from the Weft Indies , now they in almoft all our Gardens throughout England. It towers in Fu/y, and the end ery flowering till ir is checkt by Frofts. “The Seed is fown in A- pril, and if it is ripe and good, will be apt to come up: and the trailing Branches, as they grow, may be laid upon a Pack-thread faftned up- on Sticks, into what Form you pleafe, or they may be bound unto Rods ftuck in the Earth, that they may not lye upon the Ground. Burt we thall fay no more of this Indian Plant, becaufe we have already difcourfed of it ina Chapter by it felf, viz. Chap. 164. aforegoing. ‘ IV. To thefe Mr. Rea, in the place cited, add another Larks-Spur, which is Balfamina femin ‘ and defcribes it in thefe Words. It basa Root which dies at the firft approach Z Winter. The Stalks are thick and reddifh, ike Purflane, bunched, < thd
it, for few Gardens of any Note ate without it, The Seeds are rough and uneven, falling of them- = (elves, which are gathered. off the Ground and pe oe
3
p ay Ra - > ah ‘etl *
with Leaves, like thofe of the Peach-Tree, A the Stalk, from the middle upwards, come the Flowers on fhort Foot-ftalks, which are of two or three Shadows of Purples, with Spurs behind, like Single Larks-Heels, but bending downwards. Flowers are fucceeded by round rough Heads, point- ed at the end, in which are contained fimall round blackifh Seeds. The Flowers come forth in Fuly and Axgu/?, but rarely yield any good Seed in Eng- land. ‘he Plant is tender, and muft be fowed in a hot Bed, and removed into good Ground, and carefully attended with Watering in the Heat of Summer, elfe ic will quickly perifh. Of this we have alfo wrote before, in a Chapter by it felf viz. - Chap. 52. Self. 2. where there is a Difcourfe of it - at large, fo that we fhall fay no more of it in this lace. F XV. As to the Qualities, Specification, rit aie tions, and Virtues of Larks-Spur, thofe fix firft which are properly fo called, Authors have faid no- thing. But Gerard fays, they are tem - warm of Nature: and he fays, that the Seed of = Larks-Spur drank, (1 fuppofe he means it to be i ag
Pouder) is good againft the Stinging of Scorpions: Kinds of » “J y4@ . e
d ll
ba
and that fome make it to be one of the Confounds or Comfries.
VI. It is alfo to be noted, That tho” fome hi given to Larks-Spur, the Name of ; Hood 5 yet it is not that poyfonous Monks-Hood ox Helmet- ae of mgr we fully difcourfed in i Sp e,.. in Chap. 353. aforegoing. 1 ae
XVII, Flowers P Larks-Spur. : That three or more ‘of the pk shy againft Pains and Stitches of the
Flowers f
‘ st pL, - 0727) f
gn tiak Ova SLD TC.
¥ a. ee *” at wy
ft
Bayerische Sfaatsvibiiothek Mianchen
TT a
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Bayerische MDZ PiatsterunysZentrun ‘aatsBibliothel Digitale Bibliothek
‘Salmon, William
Botanologia The English Herbal: Or, History of Plants ; Containing |. Their Names, Greek, Latine and English. I, Their Species, or various Kind’ s. ll. Their Descriptions. IV. Their Places of Growth. V. Their Times of Flowering and Seeding, VI. Their Qualities or Properties. Vl. Their ‘Specifications. Vil. Their Preparations, Galenick and Chymick. IX. Thelr Virtues and Uses. X. A Complete Florilegium, of al the Choice Flowers Cultivated by our Florists, interspersed through the whole Work, in their
London 1710
2 Phyt. 257-1 urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10214615-6